VirtualBox

source: vbox/trunk/doc/manual/en_US/user_Glossary.xml@ 79829

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2<!DOCTYPE glossary PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd"[
4<!ENTITY % all.entities SYSTEM "all-entities.ent">
5%all.entities;
6]>
7<glossary id="Glossary">
8
9 <glossdiv>
10
11 <title>A</title>
12
13 <glossentry><glossterm>ACPI</glossterm>
14
15 <glossdef>
16
17 <para>
18 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface, an industry
19 specification for BIOS and hardware extensions to configure PC
20 hardware and perform power management. Windows 2000 and later,
21 as well as Linux 2.4 and later support ACPI. Windows can only
22 enable or disable ACPI support at installation time.
23 </para>
24
25 </glossdef>
26
27 </glossentry>
28
29 <glossentry><glossterm>AHCI</glossterm>
30
31 <glossdef>
32
33 <para>
34 Advanced Host Controller Interface, the interface that
35 supports SATA devices such as hard disks. See
36 <xref
37 linkend="harddiskcontrollers" />.
38 </para>
39
40 </glossdef>
41
42 </glossentry>
43
44 <glossentry><glossterm>AMD-V</glossterm>
45
46 <glossdef>
47
48 <para>
49 The hardware virtualization features built into modern AMD
50 processors. See <xref linkend="hwvirt" />.
51 </para>
52
53 </glossdef>
54
55 </glossentry>
56
57 <glossentry><glossterm>API</glossterm>
58
59 <glossdef>
60
61 <para>
62 Application Programming Interface.
63 </para>
64
65 </glossdef>
66
67 </glossentry>
68
69 <glossentry><glossterm>APIC</glossterm>
70
71 <glossdef>
72
73 <para>
74 Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller, a newer version of
75 the original PC PIC (programmable interrupt controller). Most
76 modern CPUs contain an on-chip APIC, called a local APIC. Many
77 systems also contain an I/O APIC (input output APIC) as a
78 separate chip which provides more than 16 IRQs. Windows 2000
79 and later use a different kernel if they detect an I/O APIC
80 during installation. Therefore, an I/O APIC must not be
81 removed after installation.
82 </para>
83
84 </glossdef>
85
86 </glossentry>
87
88 <glossentry><glossterm>ATA</glossterm>
89
90 <glossdef>
91
92 <para>
93 Advanced Technology Attachment, an industry standard for hard
94 disk interfaces which is synonymous with IDE. See
95 <xref
96 linkend="harddiskcontrollers" />.
97 </para>
98
99 </glossdef>
100
101 </glossentry>
102
103 </glossdiv>
104
105 <glossdiv>
106
107 <title>B</title>
108
109 <glossentry><glossterm>BIOS</glossterm>
110
111 <glossdef>
112
113 <para>
114 Basic Input/Output System, the firmware built into most
115 personal computers which is responsible of initializing the
116 hardware after the computer has been turned on and then
117 booting an operating system. &product-name; ships with its own
118 virtual BIOS that runs when a virtual machine is started.
119 </para>
120
121 </glossdef>
122
123 </glossentry>
124
125 </glossdiv>
126
127 <glossdiv>
128
129 <title>C</title>
130
131 <glossentry><glossterm>COM</glossterm>
132
133 <glossdef>
134
135 <para>
136 Microsoft Component Object Model, a programming infrastructure
137 for modular software. COM enables applications to provide
138 application programming interfaces which can be accessed from
139 various other programming languages and applications.
140 &product-name; makes use of COM both internally and externally to
141 provide a comprehensive API to 3rd party developers.
142 </para>
143
144 </glossdef>
145
146 </glossentry>
147
148 </glossdiv>
149
150 <glossdiv>
151
152 <title>D</title>
153
154 <glossentry><glossterm>DHCP</glossterm>
155
156 <glossdef>
157
158 <para>
159 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. This enables a networking
160 device in a network to acquire its IP address and other
161 networking details automatically, in order to avoid having to
162 configure all devices in a network with fixed IP addresses.
163 &product-name; has a built-in DHCP server that delivers an IP
164 addresses to a virtual machine when networking is configured
165 to NAT. See <xref
166 linkend="networkingdetails" />.
167 </para>
168
169 </glossdef>
170
171 </glossentry>
172
173 </glossdiv>
174
175 <glossdiv>
176
177 <title>E</title>
178
179 <glossentry><glossterm>EFI</glossterm>
180
181 <glossdef>
182
183 <para>
184 Extensible Firmware Interface, a firmware built into computers
185 which is designed to replace the aging BIOS. Originally
186 designed by Intel, most modern operating systems can now boot
187 on computers which have EFI instead of a BIOS built into them.
188 See <xref
189 linkend="efi" />.
190 </para>
191
192 </glossdef>
193
194 </glossentry>
195
196 <glossentry><glossterm>EHCI</glossterm>
197
198 <glossdef>
199
200 <para>
201 Enhanced Host Controller Interface, the interface that
202 implements the USB 2.0 standard.
203 </para>
204
205 </glossdef>
206
207 </glossentry>
208
209 </glossdiv>
210
211 <glossdiv>
212
213 <title>G</title>
214
215 <glossentry><glossterm>GUI</glossterm>
216
217 <glossdef>
218
219 <para>
220 Graphical User Interface. Commonly used as an antonym to a
221 "command line interface". In the context of &product-name;, we
222 sometimes refer to the main graphical
223 <computeroutput>VirtualBox</computeroutput> program as the
224 "GUI", to differentiate it from the
225 <command>VBoxManage</command> interface.
226 </para>
227
228 </glossdef>
229
230 </glossentry>
231
232 <glossentry><glossterm>GUID</glossterm>
233
234 <glossdef>
235
236 <para>
237 See UUID.
238 </para>
239
240 </glossdef>
241
242 </glossentry>
243
244 </glossdiv>
245
246 <glossdiv>
247
248 <title>I</title>
249
250 <glossentry><glossterm>IDE</glossterm>
251
252 <glossdef>
253
254 <para>
255 Integrated Drive Electronics, an industry standard for hard
256 disk interfaces. See <xref linkend="harddiskcontrollers" />.
257 </para>
258
259 </glossdef>
260
261 </glossentry>
262
263 <glossentry><glossterm>I/O APIC</glossterm>
264
265 <glossdef>
266
267 <para>
268 See APIC.
269 </para>
270
271 </glossdef>
272
273 </glossentry>
274
275 <glossentry><glossterm>iSCSI</glossterm>
276
277 <glossdef>
278
279 <para>
280 Internet SCSI. See <xref linkend="storage-iscsi" />.
281 </para>
282
283 </glossdef>
284
285 </glossentry>
286
287 </glossdiv>
288
289 <glossdiv>
290
291 <title>M</title>
292
293 <glossentry><glossterm>MAC</glossterm>
294
295 <glossdef>
296
297 <para>
298 Media Access Control, a part of an Ethernet network card. A
299 MAC address is a 6-byte number which identifies a network
300 card. It is typically written in hexadecimal notation where
301 the bytes are separated by colons, such as
302 <computeroutput>00:17:3A:5E:CB:08</computeroutput>.
303 </para>
304
305 </glossdef>
306
307 </glossentry>
308
309 <glossentry><glossterm>MSI</glossterm>
310
311 <glossdef>
312
313 <para>
314 Message Signaled Interrupts, as supported by modern chipsets
315 such as the ICH9. See <xref linkend="settings-motherboard" />.
316 As opposed to traditional pin-based interrupts, with MSI, a
317 small amount of data can accompany the actual interrupt
318 message. This reduces the amount of hardware pins required and
319 allows for more interrupts and better performance.
320 </para>
321
322 </glossdef>
323
324 </glossentry>
325
326 </glossdiv>
327
328 <glossdiv>
329
330 <title>N</title>
331
332 <glossentry><glossterm>NAT</glossterm>
333
334 <glossdef>
335
336 <para>
337 Network Address Translation. A technique to share networking
338 interfaces by which an interface modifies the source and/or
339 target IP addresses of network packets according to specific
340 rules. Commonly employed by routers and firewalls to shield an
341 internal network from the Internet, &product-name; can use NAT to
342 easily share a host's physical networking hardware with its
343 virtual machines. See <xref
344 linkend="network_nat" />.
345 </para>
346
347 </glossdef>
348
349 </glossentry>
350
351 </glossdiv>
352
353 <glossdiv>
354
355 <title>O</title>
356
357 <glossentry><glossterm>OVF</glossterm>
358
359 <glossdef>
360
361 <para>
362 Open Virtualization Format, a cross-platform industry standard
363 to exchange virtual appliances between virtualization
364 products. See <xref linkend="ovf" />.
365 </para>
366
367 </glossdef>
368
369 </glossentry>
370
371 </glossdiv>
372
373 <glossdiv>
374
375 <title>P</title>
376
377 <glossentry><glossterm>PAE</glossterm>
378
379 <glossdef>
380
381 <para>
382 Physical Address Extension. This enables access to more than 4
383 GB of RAM, even in 32-bit environments. See
384 <xref
385 linkend="settings-general-advanced" />.
386 </para>
387
388 </glossdef>
389
390 </glossentry>
391
392 <glossentry><glossterm>PIC</glossterm>
393
394 <glossdef>
395
396 <para>
397 See APIC.
398 </para>
399
400 </glossdef>
401
402 </glossentry>
403
404 <glossentry><glossterm>PXE</glossterm>
405
406 <glossdef>
407
408 <para>
409 Preboot Execution Environment, an industry standard for
410 booting PC systems from remote network locations. It includes
411 DHCP for IP configuration and TFTP for file transfer. Using
412 UNDI, a hardware independent driver stack for accessing the
413 network card from bootstrap code is available.
414 </para>
415
416 </glossdef>
417
418 </glossentry>
419
420 </glossdiv>
421
422 <glossdiv>
423
424 <title>R</title>
425
426 <glossentry><glossterm>RDP</glossterm>
427
428 <glossdef>
429
430 <para>
431 Remote Desktop Protocol, a protocol developed by Microsoft as
432 an extension to the ITU T.128 and T.124 video conferencing
433 protocol. With RDP, a PC system can be controlled from a
434 remote location using a network connection over which data is
435 transferred in both directions. Typically graphics updates and
436 audio are sent from the remote machine and keyboard and mouse
437 input events are sent from the client. An &product-name; extension
438 package by Oracle provides VRDP, an enhanced implementation of
439 the relevant standards which is largely compatible with
440 Microsoft's RDP implementation. See <xref linkend="vrde" />
441 for details.
442 </para>
443
444 </glossdef>
445
446 </glossentry>
447
448 </glossdiv>
449
450 <glossdiv>
451
452 <title>S</title>
453
454 <glossentry><glossterm>SAS</glossterm>
455
456 <glossdef>
457
458 <para>
459 Serial Attached SCSI, an industry standard for hard disk
460 interfaces. See <xref linkend="harddiskcontrollers" />.
461 </para>
462
463 </glossdef>
464
465 </glossentry>
466
467 <glossentry><glossterm>SATA</glossterm>
468
469 <glossdef>
470
471 <para>
472 Serial ATA, an industry standard for hard disk interfaces. See
473 <xref linkend="harddiskcontrollers" />.
474 </para>
475
476 </glossdef>
477
478 </glossentry>
479
480 <glossentry><glossterm>SCSI</glossterm>
481
482 <glossdef>
483
484 <para>
485 Small Computer System Interface. An industry standard for data
486 transfer between devices, especially for storage. See
487 <xref
488 linkend="harddiskcontrollers" />.
489 </para>
490
491 </glossdef>
492
493 </glossentry>
494
495 <glossentry><glossterm>SMP</glossterm>
496
497 <glossdef>
498
499 <para>
500 Symmetrical Multiprocessing, meaning that the resources of a
501 computer are shared between several processors. These can
502 either be several processor chips or, as is more common with
503 modern hardware, multiple CPU cores in one processor.
504 </para>
505
506 </glossdef>
507
508 </glossentry>
509
510 <glossentry><glossterm>SSD</glossterm>
511
512 <glossdef>
513
514 <para>
515 Solid-state drive, uses microchips for storing data in a
516 computer system. Compared to classical hard-disks they are
517 having no mechanical components like spinning disks.
518 </para>
519
520 </glossdef>
521
522 </glossentry>
523
524 </glossdiv>
525
526 <glossdiv>
527
528 <title>T</title>
529
530 <glossentry><glossterm>TAR</glossterm>
531
532 <glossdef>
533
534 <para>
535 A widely used file format for archiving. Originally, this
536 stood for Tape ARchive and was already supported by very early
537 UNIX versions for backing up data on tape. The file format is
538 still widely used today. For example, with OVF archives using
539 an <computeroutput>.ova</computeroutput> file extension. See
540 <xref
541 linkend="ovf" />.
542 </para>
543
544 </glossdef>
545
546 </glossentry>
547
548 </glossdiv>
549
550 <glossdiv>
551
552 <title>U</title>
553
554 <glossentry><glossterm>UUID</glossterm>
555
556 <glossdef>
557
558 <para>
559 A Universally Unique Identifier, often also called GUID
560 (Globally Unique Identifier). A UUID is a string of numbers
561 and letters which can be computed dynamically and is
562 guaranteed to be unique. Generally, it is used as a global
563 handle to identify entities. &product-name; makes use of UUIDs to
564 identify VMs, Virtual Disk Images (VDI files), and other
565 entities.
566 </para>
567
568 </glossdef>
569
570 </glossentry>
571
572 </glossdiv>
573
574 <glossdiv>
575
576 <title>V</title>
577
578 <glossentry><glossterm>VM</glossterm>
579
580 <glossdef>
581
582 <para>
583 Virtual Machine. A virtual computer that &product-name; enables
584 you to run on top of your actual hardware. See
585 <xref
586 linkend="virtintro" /> for details.
587 </para>
588
589 </glossdef>
590
591 </glossentry>
592
593 <glossentry><glossterm>VMM</glossterm>
594
595 <glossdef>
596
597 <para>
598 Virtual Machine Manager. The component of &product-name; that
599 controls VM execution. See
600 <xref linkend="technical-components" /> for a list of
601 &product-name; components.
602 </para>
603
604 </glossdef>
605
606 </glossentry>
607
608 <glossentry><glossterm>VRDE</glossterm>
609
610 <glossdef>
611
612 <para>
613 VirtualBox Remote Desktop Extension. This interface is built
614 into &product-name; to allow &product-name; extension packages to
615 supply remote access to virtual machines. An &product-name;
616 extension package by Oracle provides VRDP support. See
617 <xref linkend="vrde" />.
618 </para>
619
620 </glossdef>
621
622 </glossentry>
623
624 <glossentry><glossterm>VRDP</glossterm>
625
626 <glossdef>
627
628 <para>
629 See RDP.
630 </para>
631
632 </glossdef>
633
634 </glossentry>
635
636 <glossentry><glossterm>VT-x</glossterm>
637
638 <glossdef>
639
640 <para>
641 The hardware virtualization features built into modern Intel
642 processors. See <xref linkend="hwvirt" />.
643 </para>
644
645 </glossdef>
646
647 </glossentry>
648
649 </glossdiv>
650
651 <glossdiv>
652
653 <title>X</title>
654
655 <glossentry><glossterm>xHCI</glossterm>
656
657 <glossdef>
658
659 <para>
660 eXtended Host Controller Interface, the interface that
661 implements the USB 3.0 standard.
662 </para>
663
664 </glossdef>
665
666 </glossentry>
667
668 <glossentry><glossterm>XML</glossterm>
669
670 <glossdef>
671
672 <para>
673 The eXtensible Markup Language, a metastandard for all kinds
674 of textual information. XML only specifies how data in the
675 document is organized generally and does not prescribe how to
676 semantically organize content.
677 </para>
678
679 </glossdef>
680
681 </glossentry>
682
683 <glossentry><glossterm>XPCOM</glossterm>
684
685 <glossdef>
686
687 <para>
688 Mozilla Cross Platform Component Object Model, a programming
689 infrastructure developed by the Mozilla browser project which
690 is similar to Microsoft COM and enables applications to
691 provide a modular programming interface. &product-name; makes use
692 of XPCOM on Linux both internally and externally to provide a
693 comprehensive API to third-party developers.
694 </para>
695
696 </glossdef>
697
698 </glossentry>
699
700 </glossdiv>
701
702</glossary>
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