user_VBoxManage.xml@ 70960

Last change on this file since 70960 was 69681, checked in by vboxsync, 7 years ago
Resolves #9032 by adding --passwordfile option to storageattach command
Property svn:eol-style set to `native` Property svn:keywords set to `Id Revision`
File size: 267.7 KB

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1	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2	<!--
3	user_VBoxManage.xml:
4	VBoxManage documentation for the user manual.
5
6	This XML document is also be used for generating the help text
7	built into VBoxManage as well as manpages (hacking in progress).
8
9	Copyright (C) 2006-2017 Oracle Corporation
10
11	This file is part of VirtualBox Open Source Edition (OSE), as
12	available from http://www.virtualbox.org. This file is free software;
13	you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
14	General Public License (GPL) as published by the Free Software
15	Foundation, in version 2 as it comes in the "COPYING" file of the
16	VirtualBox OSE distribution. VirtualBox OSE is distributed in the
17	hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY of any kind.
18	-->
19	<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN"
20	"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd">
21	<chapter id="vboxmanage">
22	<title>VBoxManage</title>
23
24	<sect1>
25	<title>Introduction</title>
26
27	<para>As briefly mentioned in <xref linkend="frontends" />, VBoxManage is
28	the command-line interface to VirtualBox. With it, you can completely
29	control VirtualBox from the command line of your host operating system.
30	VBoxManage supports all the features that the graphical user interface
31	gives you access to, but it supports a lot more than that. It exposes
32	really all the features of the virtualization engine, even those that
33	cannot (yet) be accessed from the GUI.</para>
34
35	<para>You will need to use the command line if you want to</para>
36
37	<para><itemizedlist>
38	<listitem>
39	<para>use a different user interface than the main GUI (for example,
40	VBoxSDL or the VBoxHeadless server);</para>
41	</listitem>
42
43	<listitem>
44	<para>control some of the more advanced and experimental
45	configuration settings for a VM.</para>
46	</listitem>
47	</itemizedlist></para>
48
49	<para>There are two main things to keep in mind when using
50	<computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput>: First,
51	<computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput> must always be used with a
52	specific "subcommand", such as "list" or "createvm" or "startvm". All the
53	subcommands that <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput> supports are
54	described in detail in <xref linkend="vboxmanage" />.</para>
55
56	<para>Second, most of these subcommands require that you specify a
57	particular virtual machine after the subcommand. There are two ways you
58	can do this:</para>
59
60	<itemizedlist>
61	<listitem>
62	<para>You can specify the VM name, as it is shown in the VirtualBox
63	GUI. Note that if that name contains spaces, then you must enclose the
64	entire name in double quotes (as it is always required with command
65	line arguments that contain spaces).</para>
66
67	<para>For example:<screen>VBoxManage startvm "Windows XP"</screen></para>
68	</listitem>
69
70	<listitem>
71	<para>You can specify the UUID, which is the internal unique
72	identifier that VirtualBox uses to refer to the virtual machine.
73	Assuming that the aforementioned VM called "Windows XP" has the UUID
74	shown below, the following command has the same effect as the
75	previous:<screen>VBoxManage startvm 670e746d-abea-4ba6-ad02-2a3b043810a5</screen></para>
76	</listitem>
77	</itemizedlist>
78
79	<para>You can type <computeroutput>VBoxManage list vms</computeroutput> to
80	have all currently registered VMs listed with all their settings,
81	including their respective names and UUIDs.</para>
82
83	<para>Some typical examples of how to control VirtualBox from the command
84	line are listed below:</para>
85
86	<itemizedlist>
87	<listitem>
88	<para>To create a new virtual machine from the command line and
89	immediately register it with VirtualBox, use
90	<computeroutput>VBoxManage createvm</computeroutput> with the
91	<computeroutput>--register</computeroutput> option,<footnote>
92	<para>For details, see <xref
93	linkend="vboxmanage-createvm" />.</para>
94	</footnote> like this:</para>
95
96	<screen>$ VBoxManage createvm --name "SUSE 10.2" --register
97	VirtualBox Command Line Management Interface Version @VBOX_VERSION_MAJOR@.@VBOX_VERSION_MINOR@.@VBOX_VERSION_BUILD@
98	(C) 2005-@VBOX_C_YEAR@ @VBOX_VENDOR@
99	All rights reserved.
100
101	Virtual machine 'SUSE 10.2' is created.
102	UUID: c89fc351-8ec6-4f02-a048-57f4d25288e5
103	Settings file: '/home/username/.config/VirtualBox/Machines/SUSE 10.2/SUSE 10.2.xml'</screen>
104
105	<para>As can be seen from the above output, a new virtual machine has
106	been created with a new UUID and a new XML settings file.</para>
107	</listitem>
108
109	<listitem>
110	<para>To show the configuration of a particular VM, use
111	<computeroutput>VBoxManage showvminfo</computeroutput>; see <xref
112	linkend="vboxmanage-showvminfo" /> for details and an example.</para>
113	</listitem>
114
115	<listitem>
116	<para>To change settings while a VM is powered off, use
117	<computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm</computeroutput>, e.g. as
118	follows:<screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "Windows XP" --memory 512</screen></para>
119
120	<para>For details, see <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" />.</para>
121	</listitem>
122
123	<listitem>
124	<para>To change the storage configuration (e.g. to add a storage
125	controller and then a virtual disk), use <computeroutput>VBoxManage
126	storagectl</computeroutput> and <computeroutput>VBoxManage
127	storageattach</computeroutput>; see <xref
128	linkend="vboxmanage-storagectl" /> and <xref
129	linkend="vboxmanage-storageattach" /> for details.</para>
130	</listitem>
131
132	<listitem>
133	<para>To control VM operation, use one of the following:<itemizedlist>
134	<listitem>
135	<para>To start a VM that is currently powered off, use
136	<computeroutput>VBoxManage startvm</computeroutput>; see <xref
137	linkend="vboxmanage-startvm" /> for details.</para>
138	</listitem>
139
140	<listitem>
141	<para>To pause or save a VM that is currently running or change
142	some of its settings, use <computeroutput>VBoxManage
143	controlvm</computeroutput>; see <xref
144	linkend="vboxmanage-controlvm" /> for details.</para>
145	</listitem>
146	</itemizedlist></para>
147	</listitem>
148	</itemizedlist>
149	</sect1>
150
151	<sect1>
152	<title>Commands overview</title>
153
154	<para>When running VBoxManage without parameters or when supplying an
155	invalid command line, the below syntax diagram will be shown. Note that
156	the output will be slightly different depending on the host platform; when
157	in doubt, check the output of <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput>
158	for the commands available on your particular host.</para>
159
160	<xi:include href="../user_VBoxManage_CommandsOverview.xml" xpointer="xpointer(/sect1/*)"
161	xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
162
163	<para>Each time VBoxManage is invoked, only one command can be executed.
164	However, a command might support several subcommands which then can be
165	invoked in one single call. The following sections provide detailed
166	reference information on the different commands.</para>
167	</sect1>
168
169	<sect1 id="vboxmanage-general">
170	<title>General options</title>
171	<para>
172	<itemizedlist>
173	<listitem>
174	<para><computeroutput>-v\|--version</computeroutput>: show the version of
175	this tool and exit.</para>
176	</listitem>
177	<listitem>
178	<para><computeroutput>--nologo</computeroutput>: suppress the output
179	of the logo information (useful for scripts)</para>
180	</listitem>
181	<listitem>
182	<para><computeroutput>--settingspw</computeroutput>: specifiy a settings
183	password</para>
184	</listitem>
185	<listitem>
186	<para><computeroutput>--settingspwfile</computeroutput>: specify a file
187	containing the settings password.</para>
188	</listitem>
189	</itemizedlist>
190	The settings password is used for certain settings which need to be
191	stored encrypted for security reasons. At the moment, the only encrypted
192	setting is the iSCSI initiator secret (see
193	<xref linkend="vboxmanage-storageattach" /> for details). As long as no
194	settings password is specified, this information is stored in
195	<emphasis role="bold">plain text</emphasis>. After using the
196	<computeroutput>--settingspw\|--settingspwfile</computeroutput> option
197	once, it must be always used, otherwise the encrypted setting cannot
198	be unencrypted.
199	</para>
200	</sect1>
201
202	<sect1 id="vboxmanage-list">
203	<title>VBoxManage list</title>
204
205	<para>The <computeroutput>list</computeroutput> command gives relevant
206	information about your system and information about VirtualBox's current
207	settings.</para>
208
209	<para>The following subcommands are available with
210	<computeroutput>VBoxManage list</computeroutput>: <itemizedlist>
211	<listitem>
212	<para><computeroutput>vms</computeroutput> lists all virtual
213	machines currently registered with VirtualBox. By default this
214	displays a compact list with each VM's name and UUID; if you also
215	specify <computeroutput>--long</computeroutput> or
216	<computeroutput>-l</computeroutput>, this will be a detailed list as
217	with the <computeroutput>showvminfo</computeroutput> command (see
218	below).</para>
219	</listitem>
220
221	<listitem>
222	<para><computeroutput>runningvms</computeroutput> lists all
223	currently running virtual machines by their unique identifiers
224	(UUIDs) in the same format as with
225	<computeroutput>vms</computeroutput>.</para>
226	</listitem>
227
228	<listitem>
229	<para><computeroutput>ostypes</computeroutput> lists all guest
230	operating systems presently known to VirtualBox, along with the
231	identifiers used to refer to them with the
232	<computeroutput>modifyvm</computeroutput> command.</para>
233	</listitem>
234
235	<listitem>
236	<para><computeroutput>hostdvds</computeroutput>,
237	<computeroutput>hostfloppies</computeroutput>, respectively, list
238	DVD, floppy, bridged networking and host-only networking interfaces
239	on the host, along with the name used to access them from within
240	VirtualBox.</para>
241	</listitem>
242
243	<listitem>
244	<para><computeroutput>intnets</computeroutput> displays information
245	about the internal networks.</para>
246	</listitem>
247
248	<listitem>
249	<para><computeroutput>bridgedifs</computeroutput>,
250	<computeroutput>hostonlyifs</computeroutput>,
251	<computeroutput>natnets</computeroutput> and
252	<computeroutput>dhcpservers</computeroutput>, respectively, list
253	bridged network interfaces, host-only network interfaces,
254	NAT network interfaces and DHCP servers currently available on the
255	host. Please see <xref
256	linkend="networkingdetails" /> for details on these.</para>
257	</listitem>
258
259	<listitem>
260	<para><computeroutput>hostinfo</computeroutput> displays information
261	about the host system, such as CPUs, memory size and operating
262	system version.</para>
263	</listitem>
264
265	<listitem>
266	<para><computeroutput>hostcpuids</computeroutput> dumps the CPUID
267	parameters for the host CPUs. This can be used for a more fine
268	grained analyis of the host's virtualization capabilities.</para>
269	</listitem>
270
271	<listitem>
272	<para><computeroutput>hddbackends</computeroutput> lists all known
273	virtual disk back-ends of VirtualBox. For each such format (such as
274	VDI, VMDK or RAW), this lists the back-end's capabilities and
275	configuration.</para>
276	</listitem>
277
278	<listitem>
279	<para><computeroutput>hdds</computeroutput>,
280	<computeroutput>dvds</computeroutput> and
281	<computeroutput>floppies</computeroutput> all give you information
282	about virtual disk images currently in use by VirtualBox, including
283	all their settings, the unique identifiers (UUIDs) associated with
284	them by VirtualBox and all files associated with them. This is the
285	command-line equivalent of the Virtual Media Manager; see <xref
286	linkend="vdis" />.</para>
287	</listitem>
288
289	<listitem>
290	<para><computeroutput>usbhost</computeroutput> supplies information
291	about USB devices attached to the host, notably information useful
292	for constructing USB filters and whether they are currently in use
293	by the host.</para>
294	</listitem>
295
296	<listitem>
297	<para><computeroutput>usbfilters</computeroutput> lists all global
298	USB filters registered with VirtualBox -- that is, filters for
299	devices which are accessible to all virtual machines -- and displays
300	the filter parameters.</para>
301	</listitem>
302
303	<listitem>
304	<para><computeroutput>systemproperties</computeroutput> displays
305	some global VirtualBox settings, such as minimum and maximum guest
306	RAM and virtual hard disk size, folder settings and the current
307	authentication library in use.</para>
308	</listitem>
309
310	<listitem>
311	<para><computeroutput>extpacks</computeroutput> displays all
312	VirtualBox extension packs currently installed; see <xref
313	linkend="intro-installing" /> and <xref
314	linkend="vboxmanage-extpack" /> for more information.</para>
315	</listitem>
316
317	<listitem>
318	<para><computeroutput>groups</computeroutput> displays
319	details of the VM Groups; see <xref linkend="gui-vmgroups" />
320	for more information.</para>
321	</listitem>
322
323	<listitem>
324	<para><computeroutput>webcams</computeroutput> displays a list of
325	webcams attached to the running VM. The output format is a list of
326	absolute paths or aliases that were used for attaching the webcams
327	to the VM using the 'webcam attach' command.</para>
328	</listitem>
329
330	<listitem>
331	<para><computeroutput>screenshotformats</computeroutput> displays a
332	list of available screenshot formats.</para>
333	</listitem>
334
335	</itemizedlist></para>
336	</sect1>
337
338	<sect1 id="vboxmanage-showvminfo">
339	<title>VBoxManage showvminfo</title>
340
341	<para>The <computeroutput>showvminfo</computeroutput> command shows
342	information about a particular virtual machine. This is the same
343	information as <computeroutput>VBoxManage list vms --long</computeroutput>
344	would show for all virtual machines.</para>
345
346	<para>You will get information that resembles the following example.</para>
347
348	<para><screen>$ VBoxManage showvminfo "Windows XP"
349	VirtualBox Command Line Management Interface Version @VBOX_VERSION_MAJOR@.@VBOX_VERSION_MINOR@.@VBOX_VERSION_BUILD@
350	(C) 2005-@VBOX_C_YEAR@ @VBOX_VENDOR@
351	All rights reserved.
352
353	Name: Windows XP
354	Guest OS: Other/Unknown
355	UUID: 1bf3464d-57c6-4d49-92a9-a5cc3816b7e7
356	Config file: /home/username/.config/VirtualBox/Machines/Windows XP/Windows XP.xml
357	Memory size: 512MB
358	VRAM size: 12MB
359	Number of CPUs: 2
360	Boot menu mode: message and menu
361	Boot Device (1): DVD
362	Boot Device (2): HardDisk
363	Boot Device (3): Not Assigned
364	Boot Device (4): Not Assigned
365	ACPI: on
366	IOAPIC: on
367	...
368	</screen></para>
369	<para>Use the <computeroutput>--machinereadable</computeroutput> option
370	to produce the same output, but in machine readable format: property="value" on a
371	line by line basis, e.g.:</para>
372	<para><screen>
373	name="VBoxSDL --startvm OL7.2"
374	groups="/"
375	ostype="Oracle (64-bit)"
376	UUID="457af700-bc0a-4258-aa3c-13b03da171f2"
377	...
378	</screen></para>
379	</sect1>
380
381	<sect1 id="vboxmanage-registervm">
382	<title>VBoxManage registervm / unregistervm</title>
383
384	<para>The <computeroutput>registervm</computeroutput> command allows you
385	to import a virtual machine definition in an XML file into VirtualBox. The
386	machine must not conflict with one already registered in VirtualBox and it
387	may not have any hard or removable disks attached. It is advisable to
388	place the definition file in the machines folder before registering
389	it.<note>
390	<para>When creating a new virtual machine with
391	<computeroutput>VBoxManage createvm</computeroutput> (see below), you
392	can directly specify the <computeroutput>--register</computeroutput>
393	option to avoid having to register it separately.</para>
394	</note></para>
395
396	<para>The <computeroutput>unregistervm</computeroutput> command
397	unregisters a virtual machine. If
398	<computeroutput>--delete</computeroutput> is also specified, the following
399	files will automatically be deleted as well:<orderedlist>
400	<listitem>
401	<para>all hard disk image files, including differencing files, which
402	are used by the machine and not shared with other machines;</para>
403	</listitem>
404
405	<listitem>
406	<para>saved state files that the machine created, if any (one if the
407	machine was in "saved" state and one for each online
408	snapshot);</para>
409	</listitem>
410
411	<listitem>
412	<para>the machine XML file and its backups;</para>
413	</listitem>
414
415	<listitem>
416	<para>the machine log files, if any;</para>
417	</listitem>
418
419	<listitem>
420	<para>the machine directory, if it is empty after having deleted all
421	the above.</para>
422	</listitem>
423	</orderedlist></para>
424	</sect1>
425
426	<sect1 id="vboxmanage-createvm">
427	<title>VBoxManage createvm</title>
428
429	<para>This command creates a new XML virtual machine definition
430	file.</para>
431
432	<para>The <computeroutput>--name <name></computeroutput> parameter
433	is required and must specify the name of the machine. Since this name is
434	used by default as the file name of the settings file (with the extension
435	<computeroutput>.xml</computeroutput>) and the machine folder (a subfolder
436	of the <computeroutput>.config/VirtualBox/Machines</computeroutput> folder
437	- this folder name may vary depending on the operating system and the
438	version of VirtualBox which you are using), it must conform to your host
439	operating system's requirements for file name specifications. If the VM
440	is later renamed, the file and folder names will change automatically.</para>
441
442	<para>However, if the <computeroutput>--basefolder
443	<path></computeroutput> option is used, the machine folder will be
444	named <computeroutput><path></computeroutput>. In this case, the
445	names of the file and the folder will not change if the virtual machine is
446	renamed.</para>
447
448	<para>If the <computeroutput>--group <group>, ...</computeroutput>
449	option is used, the machine will be assigned membership of the specified
450	VM groups in the list. Note that group ids always start with a
451	<computeroutput>/</computeroutput> and can be nested. By default,
452	VMs are always assigned membership of the group
453	<computeroutput>/</computeroutput>.</para>
454
455	<para>If the <computeroutput>--ostype <ostype></computeroutput>:
456	option is used, <ostype> specifies the guest operating system
457	to run in the VM. To learn about the available OS options,
458	run <computeroutput>VBoxManage list ostypes</computeroutput> .</para>
459
460	<para>If the <computeroutput>--uuid <uuid></computeroutput>:
461	option is used, <uuid> specifies the VM uuid. This must be
462	unique within the namespace of the host, or that of the VM Group if
463	it is assigned to a VM group membership. By default, a unique uuid
464	within the appropriate namespace is automatically generated.
465	</para>
466
467	<para>By default, this command only creates the XML file without
468	automatically registering the VM with your VirtualBox installation. To
469	register the VM instantly, use the optional
470	<computeroutput>--register</computeroutput> option, or run
471	<computeroutput>VBoxManage registervm</computeroutput> separately
472	afterwards.</para>
473
474	</sect1>
475
476	<sect1 id="vboxmanage-modifyvm">
477	<title>VBoxManage modifyvm</title>
478
479	<para>This command changes the properties of a registered virtual machine
480	which is not running. Most of the properties that this command makes
481	available correspond to the VM settings that VirtualBox graphical user
482	interface displays in each VM's "Settings" dialog; these were described in
483	<xref linkend="BasicConcepts" />. Some of the more advanced settings,
484	however, are only available through the
485	<computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput> interface.</para>
486
487	<para>These commands require that the machine is powered off (neither
488	running nor in "saved" state). Some machine settings can also be changed
489	while a machine is running; those settings will then have a corresponding
490	subcommand with the <computeroutput>VBoxManage controlvm</computeroutput>
491	subcommand (see <xref linkend="vboxmanage-controlvm" />).</para>
492
493	<sect2>
494	<title>General settings</title>
495
496	<para>The following general settings are available through
497	<computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm</computeroutput>:<itemizedlist>
498	<listitem>
499	<para><computeroutput>--name <name></computeroutput>: This
500	changes the VM's name and possibly renames the internal virtual
501	machine files, as described with <computeroutput>VBoxManage
502	createvm</computeroutput> above.</para>
503	</listitem>
504
505	<listitem>
506	<para><computeroutput>--groups <group>, ...</computeroutput>:
507	This changes the group membership of a VM. Groups always start with
508	a <computeroutput>/</computeroutput> and can be nested. By default
509	VMs are in group <computeroutput>/</computeroutput>.</para>
510	</listitem>
511
512	<listitem>
513	<para><computeroutput>--description <desc></computeroutput>:
514	This changes the VM's description, which is a way to record details
515	about the VM in a way which is meaningful for the user. The GUI
516	interprets HTML formatting, the command line allows arbitrary
517	strings potentially containing multiple lines.</para>
518	</listitem>
519
520	<listitem>
521	<para><computeroutput>--ostype <ostype></computeroutput>:
522	This specifies what guest operating system is supposed to run in
523	the VM. To learn about the various identifiers that can be used
524	here, use <computeroutput>VBoxManage list
525	ostypes</computeroutput>.</para>
526	</listitem>
527
528	<listitem>
529	<para><computeroutput>--iconfile <filename></computeroutput>:
530	This specifies the absolute path on the host file system for the VirtualBox
531	icon to be displayed in the VM.</para>
532	</listitem>
533
534	<listitem>
535	<para><computeroutput>--memory <memorysize></computeroutput>: This sets the amount of RAM,
536	in MB, that the virtual machine should allocate for itself from
537	the host. See the remarks in <xref linkend="gui-createvm" /> for
538	more information.</para>
539	</listitem>
540
541	<listitem>
542	<para><computeroutput>--pagefusion on\|off</computeroutput>:
543	Enables/disables (default) the Page Fusion feature.
544	The Page Fusion feature minimises memory duplication between VMs with similar
545	configurations running on the same host.
546	See <xref linkend="guestadd-pagefusion" /> for details.</para>
547	</listitem>
548
549	<listitem>
550	<para><computeroutput>--vram <vramsize></computeroutput>:
551	This sets the amount of RAM that the virtual graphics card should
552	have. See <xref linkend="settings-display" /> for details.</para>
553	</listitem>
554
555	<listitem>
556	<para><computeroutput>--acpi on\|off</computeroutput>;
557	<computeroutput>--ioapic on\|off</computeroutput>: These two
558	determine whether the VM should have ACPI and I/O APIC support,
559	respectively; see <xref linkend="settings-motherboard" /> for
560	details.</para>
561	</listitem>
562
563	<listitem>
564	<para><computeroutput>--pciattach <host PCI address [@ guest
565	PCI bus address]></computeroutput>: Attaches a specified PCI network
566	controller on the host to a PCI bus (can specify) on the guest.
567	See <xref linkend="pcipassthrough" /> for details. </para>
568	</listitem>
569
570	<listitem>
571	<para><computeroutput>--pcidetach <host PCI address></computeroutput>:
572	Detaches a specified PCI network controller on the host from the attached
573	PCI bus on the guest. See <xref linkend="pcipassthrough" />
574	for details. </para>
575	</listitem>
576
577	<listitem>
578	<para><computeroutput>--hardwareuuid
579	<uuid></computeroutput>: The UUID presented to the guest via
580	memory tables (DMI/SMBIOS), hardware and guest properties. By
581	default this is the same as the VM uuid. Useful when cloning a VM.
582	Teleporting takes care of this automatically.</para>
583	</listitem>
584
585	<listitem>
586	<para><computeroutput>--cpus <cpucount></computeroutput>:
587	This sets the number of virtual CPUs for the virtual machine (see
588	<xref linkend="settings-processor" />). If CPU hot-plugging is
589	enabled (see below), this then sets the
590	<emphasis>maximum</emphasis> number of virtual CPUs that can be
591	plugged into the virtual machines.</para>
592	</listitem>
593
594	<listitem>
595	<para><computeroutput>--cpuhotplug on\|off</computeroutput>: This
596	enables CPU hot-plugging. When enabled, virtual CPUs can be added
597	to and removed from a virtual machine while it is running. See
598	<xref linkend="cpuhotplug" /> for more information.</para>
599	</listitem>
600
601	<listitem>
602	<para><computeroutput>--plugcpu\|unplugcpu
603	<id></computeroutput>: If CPU hot-plugging is enabled (see
604	above), this adds a virtual CPU to the virtual machines (or
605	removes one). <computeroutput><id></computeroutput>
606	specifies the index of the virtual CPU to be added or removed and
607	must be a number from 0 to the maximum no. of CPUs configured with
608	the <computeroutput>--cpus</computeroutput> option. CPU 0 can
609	never be removed.</para>
610	</listitem>
611
612	<listitem>
613	<para><computeroutput>--cpuexecutioncap
614	<1-100></computeroutput>: This setting controls how much cpu
615	time a virtual CPU can use. A value of 50 implies a single virtual
616	CPU can use up to 50% of a single host CPU.</para>
617	</listitem>
618
619	<listitem>
620	<para><computeroutput>--pae on\|off</computeroutput>: This
621	enables/disables PAE. See <xref linkend="settings-processor" />.</para>
622	</listitem>
623
624	<listitem>
625	<para><computeroutput>--longmode on\|off</computeroutput>: This
626	enables/disables long mode. See <xref linkend="settings-processor" />.</para>
627	</listitem>
628
629	<listitem>
630	<para><computeroutput>--cpu-profile <host\|intel 80[86\|286\|386]></computeroutput>:
631	This enables specification of a profile for guest cpu emulation.
632	Specify either one based on the host system CPU (host), or one from
633	a number of older Intel Micro-architectures - 8086, 80286, 80386.</para>
634	</listitem>
635
636	<listitem>
637	<para><computeroutput>--hpet on\|off</computeroutput>: This
638	enables/disables a High Precision Event Timer (HPET) which can
639	replace the legacy system timers. This is turned off by default.
640	Note that Windows supports a HPET only from Vista onwards.</para>
641	</listitem>
642
643	<listitem>
644	<para><computeroutput>--hwvirtex on\|off</computeroutput>: This
645	enables or disables the use of hardware virtualization extensions
646	(Intel VT-x or AMD-V) in the processor of your host system;
647	see <xref linkend="hwvirt" />.</para>
648	</listitem>
649
650	<listitem>
651	<para><computeroutput>--triplefaultreset on\|off</computeroutput>:
652	This setting enables resetting of the guest instead of triggering a
653	Guru Meditation. Some guests raise a triple fault to reset the
654	CPU so sometimes this is desired behavior. Works only for non-SMP
655	guests.</para>
656	</listitem>
657
658	<listitem>
659	<para><computeroutput>--apic on\|off</computeroutput>:
660	This setting enables(default)/disables IO APIC. With
661	I/O APIC, operating systems can use more than 16 interrupt
662	requests (IRQs) thus avoiding IRQ sharing for improved
663	reliability. See <xref linkend="settings-motherboard" />.</para>
664	</listitem>
665
666	<listitem>
667	<para><computeroutput>--x2apic on\|off</computeroutput>:
668	This setting enables(default)/disables CPU x2APIC support.
669	CPU x2APIC support helps operating systems run more efficiently on high
670	core count configurations, and optimizes interrupt
671	distribution in virtualized environments. Disable when using host/guest
672	operating systems incompatible with x2APIC support.</para>
673	</listitem>
674
675	<listitem>
676	<para><computeroutput>--paravirtprovider
677	none\|default\|legacy\|minimal\|hyperv\|kvm</computeroutput>: This
678	setting specifies which paravirtualization interface to provide to
679	the guest operating system. Specifying
680	<computeroutput>none</computeroutput> explicitly turns off exposing
681	any paravirtualization interface. The option
682	<computeroutput>default</computeroutput>, will pick an appropriate
683	interface depending on the guest OS type while starting the VM.
684	This is the default option chosen while creating new VMs. The
685	<computeroutput>legacy</computeroutput> option is chosen for VMs
686	which were created with older VirtualBox versions and will pick a
687	paravirtualization interface while starting the VM with VirtualBox
688	5.0 and newer. The <computeroutput>minimal</computeroutput> provider
689	is mandatory for Mac OS X guests, while
690	<computeroutput>kvm</computeroutput> and
691	<computeroutput>hyperv</computeroutput> are recommended for Linux
692	and Windows guests respectively. These options are explained in
693	detail under <xref linkend="gimproviders" />.</para>
694	</listitem>
695
696	<listitem>
697	<para><computeroutput>--paravirtdebug <key=value>
698	[,<key=value> ...]</computeroutput>: This setting specifies debugging
699	options specific to the paravirtualization provider
700	configured for this VM. Please refer to the provider specific
701	options under <xref linkend="gimdebug" /> for a list of supported
702	key-value pairs for each provider.</para>
703	</listitem>
704
705	<listitem>
706	<para><computeroutput>--nestedpaging on\|off</computeroutput>: If
707	hardware virtualization is enabled, this additional setting
708	enables or disables the use of the nested paging feature in the
709	processor of your host system; see <xref
710	linkend="hwvirt" />.</para>
711	</listitem>
712
713	<listitem>
714	<para><computeroutput>--largepages on\|off</computeroutput>: If
715	hardware virtualization <emphasis>and</emphasis> nested paging are
716	enabled, for Intel VT-x only, an additional performance
717	improvement of up to 5% can be obtained by enabling this setting.
718	This causes the hypervisor to use large pages to reduce TLB use
719	and overhead.</para>
720	</listitem>
721
722	<listitem>
723	<para><computeroutput>--vtxvpid on\|off</computeroutput>: If
724	hardware virtualization is enabled, for Intel VT-x only, this
725	additional setting enables or disables the use of the tagged TLB
726	(VPID) feature in the processor of your host system; see <xref
727	linkend="hwvirt" />.</para>
728	</listitem>
729
730	<listitem>
731	<para><computeroutput>--vtxux on\|off</computeroutput>: If
732	hardware virtualization is enabled, for Intel VT-x only, this
733	setting enables or disables the use of the unrestricted guest mode
734	feature for executing your guest.</para>
735	</listitem>
736
737	<listitem>
738	<para><computeroutput>--accelerate3d on\|off</computeroutput>:
739	If the Guest Additions are installed, this setting enables or
740	disables hardware 3D acceleration; see <xref
741	linkend="guestadd-3d" />.</para>
742	</listitem>
743
744	<listitem>
745	<para><computeroutput>--accelerate2dvideo on\|off</computeroutput>:
746	If the Guest Additions are installed, this setting enables or
747	disables 2D video acceleration; see <xref
748	linkend="guestadd-2d" />.</para>
749	</listitem>
750
751	<listitem>
752	<para><computeroutput>--chipset piix3\|ich9</computeroutput>:
753	By default VirtualBox emulates an Intel PIIX3 chipset. Usually there
754	is no reason to change the default setting unless this is required to
755	relax some of its constraints; see <xref
756	linkend="settings-motherboard" />.</para>
757	</listitem>
758
759	<listitem>
760	<para>You can influence the BIOS logo that is displayed when a
761	virtual machine starts up with a number of settings. By default,
762	a VirtualBox logo is displayed.</para>
763
764	<para>With <computeroutput>--bioslogofadein
765	on\|off</computeroutput> and <computeroutput>--bioslogofadeout
766	on\|off</computeroutput>, you can determine whether the logo should
767	fade in and out, respectively.</para>
768
769	<para>With <computeroutput>--bioslogodisplaytime
770	<msec></computeroutput> you can set how long the logo should
771	be visible, in milliseconds.</para>
772
773	<para>With <computeroutput>--bioslogoimagepath
774	<imagepath></computeroutput> you can, if you are so
775	inclined, replace the image that is shown, with your own logo. The
776	image must be an uncompressed 256 color BMP file without color
777	space information (Windows 3.0 format). The image must not be
778	bigger than 640 x 480.</para>
779	</listitem>
780
781	<listitem>
782	<para><computeroutput>--biosbootmenu
783	disabled\|menuonly\|messageandmenu</computeroutput>: This specifies
784	whether the BIOS allows the user to select a temporary boot
785	device. <computeroutput>menuonly</computeroutput> suppresses the
786	message, but the user can still press F12 to select a temporary
787	boot device.</para>
788	</listitem>
789
790	<listitem>
791	<para><computeroutput>--biosapic
792	x2apic\|apic\|disabled</computeroutput>: This specifies
793	the firmware APIC level to be used. Options are: x2apic, apic or
794	disabled (no apic or x2apic) respectively.</para>
795
796	<para>Note that if x2apic is specified and x2apic is unsupported by the
797	VCPU, biosapic downgrades to apic, if supported - otherwise down to 'disabled'.
798	Similarly, if apic is specified, and apic is unsupported a
799	downgrade to 'disabled' results.</para>
800	</listitem>
801
802	<listitem>
803	<para><computeroutput>--biossystemtimeoffset <ms></computeroutput>:
804	This specifies a fixed time offset (milliseconds) of the guest relative to
805	the host time. If the offset is positive, the guest time runs ahead of the
806	host time.</para>
807	</listitem>
808
809	<listitem>
810	<para><computeroutput>--biospxedebug on\|off</computeroutput>:
811	This option enables additional debugging output when using the
812	Intel PXE boot ROM. The output will be written to the release log
813	file (<xref linkend="collect-debug-info" />.</para>
814	</listitem>
815
816	<listitem>
817	<para><computeroutput>--boot<1-4>
818	none\|floppy\|dvd\|disk\|net</computeroutput>: This specifies the boot
819	order for the virtual machine. There are four "slots", which the
820	VM will try to access from 1 to 4, and for each of which you can
821	set a device that the VM should attempt to boot from.</para>
822	</listitem>
823
824	<listitem>
825	<para><computeroutput>--rtcuseutc on\|off</computeroutput>: This
826	option lets the real-time clock (RTC) operate in UTC time. See
827	<xref linkend="settings-motherboard" />.</para>
828	</listitem>
829
830	<listitem>
831	<para><computeroutput>--graphicscontroller none\|vboxvga\|vmsvga</computeroutput>: This
832	option specifies use of a graphics controller, and type chosen from vboxvga or vmsvga.
833	<xref linkend="settings-motherboard" />).</para>
834	</listitem>
835
836	<listitem>
837	<para><computeroutput>--snapshotfolder
838	default\|<path></computeroutput>: This option specifies the folder in which
839	snapshots will be kept for a virtual machine.</para>
840	</listitem>
841
842	<listitem>
843	<para><computeroutput>--firmware bios\|efi\|efi32\|efi64</computeroutput>:
844	This option specifies which firmware to be used to boot the VM:
845	Available options are: BIOS, or one of the EFI options: efi, efi32 or efi64.
846	Use EFI options with care.</para>
847	</listitem>
848
849	<listitem>
850	<para><computeroutput>--guestmemoryballoon
851	<size></computeroutput> This option sets the default size of the guest
852	memory balloon, that is, memory allocated by the VirtualBox Guest
853	Additions from the guest operating system and returned to the
854	hypervisor for re-use by other virtual machines.
855	<computeroutput><size></computeroutput> must be specified in
856	megabytes. The default size is 0 megabytes. For details,
857	see <xref linkend="guestadd-balloon" />.</para>
858	</listitem>
859
860	<listitem>
861	<para><computeroutput>--defaultfrontend
862	default\|<name></computeroutput>: This option specifies
863	the default frontend to be used when starting this VM;
864	see <xref linkend="vboxmanage-startvm" /> for details.</para>
865	</listitem>
866	</itemizedlist></para>
867	</sect2>
868
869	<sect2>
870	<title>Networking settings</title>
871
872	<para>The following networking settings are available through
873	<computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm</computeroutput>. With all these
874	settings, the decimal number directly following the option name ("1-N"
875	in the list below) specifies the virtual network adapter whose settings
876	should be changed.<itemizedlist>
877	<listitem>
878	<para><computeroutput>--nic<1-N>
879	none\|null\|nat\|natnetwork\|bridged\|intnet\|hostonly\|generic</computeroutput>:
880	With this, you can set, for each of the VM's virtual network cards,
881	what type of networking should be available. They can be not
882	present (<computeroutput>none</computeroutput>), not connected to
883	the host (<computeroutput>null</computeroutput>), use network
884	address translation (<computeroutput>nat</computeroutput>),
885	use the new network address translation engine
886	(<computeroutput>natnetwork</computeroutput>),
887	bridged networking (<computeroutput>bridged</computeroutput>) or
888	communicate with other virtual machines using internal networking
889	(<computeroutput>intnet</computeroutput>), host-only networking
890	(<computeroutput>hostonly</computeroutput>), or access rarely used
891	sub-modes (<computeroutput>generic</computeroutput>).
892	These options correspond
893	to the modes which are described in detail in <xref
894	linkend="networkingmodes" />.</para>
895	</listitem>
896
897	<listitem>
898	<para><computeroutput>--nictype<1-N>
899	Am79C970A\|Am79C973\|82540EM\|82543GC\|82545EM\|virtio</computeroutput>:
900	This enables you to specify which networking hardware VirtualBox presents
901	to the guest for a specified VM virtual network card;
902	see <xref linkend="nichardware" />.</para>
903	</listitem>
904
905	<listitem>
906	<para><computeroutput>--cableconnected<1-N>
907	on\|off</computeroutput>: This enables you to temporarily disconnect
908	a virtual network interface, as if a network cable had been pulled
909	from a real network card. This might be useful e.g. for resetting
910	certain software components in the VM.</para>
911	</listitem>
912
913	<listitem>
914	<para>With the "nictrace" options, you can optionally trace
915	network traffic by dumping it to a file, for debugging
916	purposes.</para>
917
918	<para>With <computeroutput>--nictrace<1-N>
919	on\|off</computeroutput>, you can enable network tracing for a
920	particular virtual network card.</para>
921
922	<para>If enabled, you must specify with
923	<computeroutput>--nictracefile<1-N>
924	<filename></computeroutput> the absolute path of the file the trace should be
925	logged to.</para>
926	</listitem>
927
928	<listitem>
929	<para><computeroutput>--nicproperty<1-N>
930	<paramname>="paramvalue"</computeroutput>:
931	This option, in combination with "nicgenericdrv" allows you to
932	pass parameters to rarely-used network backends.</para>
933
934	<para>These parameters are backend engine-specific, and are different
935	between UDP Tunnel and the VDE backend drivers. For examples,
936	please see <xref linkend="network_udp_tunnel" />.
937	</para>
938	</listitem>
939
940	<listitem>
941	<para><computeroutput>--nicspeed<1-N> <kbps></computeroutput>:
942	If generic networking has been enabled for a particular virtual network
943	card (see the <computeroutput>--nic</computeroutput> option above - otherwise
944	this setting has no effect), this mode enables access to rarely used networking
945	sub-modes, such as VDE network or UDP Tunnel. This option specifies the
946	throughput rate in KBytes/sec.
947	</para>
948	</listitem>
949
950	<listitem>
951	<para><computeroutput>--nicbootprio<1-N>
952	<priority></computeroutput>: This specifies the order in which
953	NICs are tried for booting over the network (using PXE). The
954	priority is an integer in the 0 to 4 range. Priority 1 is the
955	highest, priority 4 is low. Priority 0, which is the default unless
956	otherwise specified, is the lowest.</para>
957
958	<para>Note that this option only has effect when the Intel PXE boot
959	ROM is used.</para>
960	</listitem>
961
962	<listitem>
963	<para><computeroutput>--nicpromisc<1-N>
964	deny\|allow-vms\|allow-all</computeroutput>:
965	This ernables you to specify how the promiscuous mode is handled for
966	the specified VM virtual network card.
967	This setting is only relevant for bridged networking.
968	<computeroutput>deny</computeroutput> (default setting) hides
969	any traffic not intended for this VM.
970	<computeroutput>allow-vms</computeroutput> hides all host
971	traffic from this VM but allows the VM to see traffic from/to other
972	VMs.
973	<computeroutput>allow-all</computeroutput> removes this
974	restriction completely.</para>
975	</listitem>
976
977	<listitem>
978	<para><computeroutput>--nicbandwidthgroup<1-N>
979	none\|<name></computeroutput>: This removes/adds an assignment
980	of a bandwidth group from/to the specified virtual network interface.
981	Specifying <computeroutput>none</computeroutput> removes any current
982	bandwidth group assignment from the specified virtual network interface.
983	Specifying <computeroutput><name></computeroutput> adds an
984	assignment of a bandwidth group to the specified virtual network
985	interface.</para>
986	<para>For details, please see <xref linkend="network_bandwidth_limit" />.</para>
987	</listitem>
988
989	<listitem>
990	<para><computeroutput>--bridgeadapter<1-N>
991	none\|<devicename></computeroutput>: If bridged networking
992	has been enabled for a virtual network card (see the
993	<computeroutput>--nic</computeroutput> option above; otherwise
994	this setting has no effect), use this option to specify which host
995	interface the given virtual network interface will use. For
996	details, please see <xref linkend="network_bridged" />.</para>
997	</listitem>
998
999	<listitem>
1000	<para><computeroutput>--hostonlyadapter<1-N>
1001	none\|<devicename></computeroutput>: If host-only networking
1002	has been enabled for a virtual network card (see the
1003	<computeroutput>--nic</computeroutput> option
1004	above; otherwise this setting has no effect), use this option to
1005	specify which host-only networking interface the given virtual
1006	network interface will use. For details, please see <xref
1007	linkend="network_hostonly" />.</para>
1008	</listitem>
1009
1010	<listitem>
1011	<para><computeroutput>--intnet<1-N>
1012	network</computeroutput>: If internal networking has been enabled
1013	for a virtual network card (see the
1014	<computeroutput>--nic</computeroutput> option above; otherwise
1015	this setting has no effect), use this option to specify the name
1016	of the internal network (see <xref
1017	linkend="network_internal" />).</para>
1018	</listitem>
1019
1020
1021	<listitem>
1022	<para><computeroutput>--nat-network<1-N> <network
1023	name></computeroutput>: If the networking type is set to
1024	<computeroutput>natnetwork</computeroutput> (not
1025	<computeroutput>nat</computeroutput>) then this setting specifies
1026	the name of the NAT network this adapter is connected to. Optional.</para>
1027	</listitem>
1028
1029	<listitem>
1030	<para><computeroutput>--nicgenericdrv<1-N>
1031	<backend driver></computeroutput>: If generic networking has been
1032	enabled for a virtual network card (see the
1033	<computeroutput>--nic</computeroutput> option above; otherwise
1034	this setting has no effect), this mode allows you to access
1035	rarely used networking sub-modes, such as VDE network or UDP Tunnel.
1036	</para>
1037	</listitem>
1038
1039	<listitem>
1040	<para><computeroutput>--macaddress<1-N>
1041	auto\|<mac></computeroutput>: With this option you can set
1042	the MAC address of a particular network adapter on the VM. Normally, each
1043	network adapter is assigned a random address by VirtualBox at
1044	VM creation.</para>
1045	</listitem>
1046	</itemizedlist></para>
1047
1048	<sect3>
1049	<title>NAT Networking settings.</title>
1050
1051	<para>The following NAT networking settings are available through
1052	<computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm</computeroutput>. With all these
1053	settings, the decimal number directly following the option name ("1-N"
1054	in the list below) specifies the virtual network adapter whose
1055	settings should be changed.<itemizedlist>
1056
1057	<listitem>
1058	<para><computeroutput>--natnet<1-N>
1059	<network>\|default</computeroutput>:
1060	If the networking type is set to <computeroutput>nat</computeroutput>
1061	(not <computeroutput>natnetwork</computeroutput>) then this
1062	setting specifies the IP address range to be used for
1063	this network. See <xref linkend="changenat" /> for an
1064	example.</para>
1065	</listitem>
1066
1067	<listitem>
1068	<para><computeroutput>--natpf<1-N>
1069	[<name>],tcp\|udp,[<hostip>],<hostport>,[<guestip>],
1070	<guestport></computeroutput>: This setting defines a NAT
1071	port-forwarding rule. See <xref linkend="natforward" />
1072	for details.</para>
1073	</listitem>
1074
1075	<listitem>
1076	<para><computeroutput>--natpf<1-N> delete
1077	<name></computeroutput>: This setting deletes a NAT
1078	port-forwarding rule. See <xref linkend="natforward" />
1079	for details.</para>
1080	</listitem>
1081
1082	<listitem>
1083	<para><computeroutput>--nattftpprefix<1-N>
1084	<prefix></computeroutput>: This setting defines a prefix
1085	for the built-in TFTP server, i.e. where the boot file is
1086	located. See <xref linkend="nat-tftp" /> and <xref
1087	linkend="nat-adv-tftp" /> for details.</para>
1088	</listitem>
1089
1090	<listitem>
1091	<para><computeroutput>--nattftpfile<1-N>
1092	<bootfile></computeroutput>: This setting defines the TFT
1093	boot file. See <xref linkend="nat-adv-tftp" /> for
1094	details.</para>
1095	</listitem>
1096
1097	<listitem>
1098	<para><computeroutput>--nattftpserver<1-N>
1099	<tftpserver></computeroutput>: This setting defines the
1100	TFTP server address to boot from. Please see <xref
1101	linkend="nat-adv-tftp" /> for details.</para>
1102	</listitem>
1103
1104	<listitem>
1105	<para><computeroutput>--nattbindip<1-N>
1106	<ip;></computeroutput>: VirtualBox's NAT engine normally routes
1107	TCP/IP packets through the default interface assigned by the host's
1108	TCP/IP stack. Use this setting to instruct the NAT engine to bind
1109	to a specified IP address instead. Please see <xref
1110	linkend="nat-adv-settings" /> for details.</para>
1111	</listitem>
1112
1113	<listitem>
1114	<para><computeroutput>--natdnspassdomain<1-N>
1115	on\|off</computeroutput>: This setting specifies whether the
1116	built-in DHCP server passes the domain name for network name
1117	resolution.</para>
1118	</listitem>
1119
1120	<listitem>
1121	<para><computeroutput>--natdnsproxy<1-N>
1122	on\|off</computeroutput>: This setting makes the NAT engine proxy
1123	all guest DNS requests to the host's DNS servers. Please see
1124	<xref linkend="nat-adv-dns" /> for details.</para>
1125	</listitem>
1126
1127	<listitem>
1128	<para><computeroutput>--natdnshostresolver<1-N>
1129	on\|off</computeroutput>: This setting makes the NAT engine use
1130	the host's resolver mechanisms to handle DNS requests. Please
1131	see <xref linkend="nat-adv-dns" /> for detailsx).</para>
1132	</listitem>
1133
1134	<listitem>
1135	<para><computeroutput>--natsettings<1-N>
1136	[<mtu>],[<socksnd>],[<sockrcv>],[<tcpsnd>],
1137	[<tcprcv>]</computeroutput>: This setting controls several
1138	NAT settings. Please see <xref linkend="nat-adv-settings" /> for
1139	details.</para>
1140	</listitem>
1141
1142	<listitem>
1143	<para><computeroutput>--nataliasmode<1-N>
1144	default\|[log],[proxyonly],[sameports]</computeroutput>: This
1145	setting defines behaviour of NAT engine core: log - enables
1146	logging, proxyonly - switches of aliasing mode makes NAT
1147	transparent, sameports enforces NAT engine to send packets via
1148	the same port as they originated on, default - disable all
1149	mentioned modes above. Please see <xref
1150	linkend="nat-adv-alias" /> for details.</para>
1151	</listitem>
1152	</itemizedlist></para>
1153	</sect3>
1154	</sect2>
1155
1156	<sect2 id="vboxmanage-modifyvm-other">
1157	<title>Miscellaneous settings</title>
1158
1159	<para>The following other hardware settings, such as serial port, audio,
1160	clipboard, drag and drop, monitor and USB settings are available through
1161	<computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm</computeroutput>:<itemizedlist>
1162	<listitem>
1163	<para><computeroutput>--mouse <ps2\|usb\|usbtablet\|usbmultitouch></computeroutput>:
1164	Specifies the mode of the mouse to be used in the VM. Available options are: ps2, usb,
1165	usbtablet, usbmultitouch.
1166	</para>
1167	</listitem>
1168
1169	<listitem>
1170	<para><computeroutput>--keyboard <ps2\|usb></computeroutput>:
1171	Specifies the mode of the keyboard to be used in the VM. Available options are: ps2, usb.
1172	</para>
1173	</listitem>
1174	<listitem>
1175	<para><computeroutput>--uart<1-N> off\|<I/O base>
1176	<IRQ></computeroutput>: With this setting you can configure
1177	virtual serial ports for the VM. See <xref
1178	linkend="serialports" /> for an introduction.</para>
1179	</listitem>
1180
1181	<listitem>
1182	<para><computeroutput>--uartmode<1-N>
1183	<arg></computeroutput>: This setting controls how VirtualBox
1184	connects a given virtual serial port (previously configured with
1185	the <computeroutput>--uartX</computeroutput> setting, see above)
1186	to the host on which the virtual machine is running. As
1187	described in detail in <xref linkend="serialports" />, for each
1188	such port, you can specify <computeroutput><arg></computeroutput>
1189	as one of the following options:<itemizedlist>
1190	<listitem>
1191	<para><computeroutput>disconnected</computeroutput>: Even
1192	though the serial port is shown to the guest, it has no
1193	"other end" -- like a real COM port without a cable.</para>
1194	</listitem>
1195
1196	<listitem>
1197	<para><computeroutput>server
1198	<pipename></computeroutput>: On a Windows host, this
1199	tells VirtualBox to create a named pipe on the host named
1200	<computeroutput><pipename></computeroutput> and
1201	connect the virtual serial device to it. Note that Windows
1202	requires that the name of a named pipe begin with
1203	<computeroutput>\\.\pipe\</computeroutput>.</para>
1204
1205	<para>On a Linux host, instead of a named pipe, a local
1206	domain socket is used.</para>
1207	</listitem>
1208
1209	<listitem>
1210	<para><computeroutput>client
1211	<pipename></computeroutput>: This operates just like
1212	<computeroutput>server ...</computeroutput>, except that the
1213	pipe (or local domain socket) is not created by VirtualBox,
1214	but assumed to exist already.</para>
1215	</listitem>
1216
1217	<listitem>
1218	<para><computeroutput>tcpserver
1219	<port></computeroutput>: This
1220	tells VirtualBox to create a TCP socket on the host with TCP
1221	<computeroutput><port></computeroutput> and
1222	connect the virtual serial device to it. Note that UNIX-like
1223	systems require ports over 1024 for normal users.</para>
1224	</listitem>
1225
1226	<listitem>
1227	<para><computeroutput>tcpclient
1228	<hostname:port></computeroutput>: This operates just like
1229	<computeroutput>tcpserver ...</computeroutput>, except that the
1230	TCP socket is not created by VirtualBox,
1231	but assumed to exist already.</para>
1232	</listitem>
1233
1234	<listitem>
1235	<para><computeroutput>file <file></computeroutput>:
1236	This redirects the serial port output to a raw file <file>
1237	specified by its absolute path on the host file system.</para>
1238	</listitem>
1239
1240	<listitem>
1241	<para><computeroutput><devicename></computeroutput>:
1242	If, instead of the above, the device name of a physical
1243	hardware serial port of the host is specified, the virtual
1244	serial port is connected to that hardware port. On a Windows
1245	host, the device name will be a COM port such as
1246	<computeroutput>COM1</computeroutput>; on a Linux host, the
1247	device name will look like
1248	<computeroutput>/dev/ttyS0</computeroutput>. This allows you
1249	to "wire" a real serial port to a virtual machine.</para>
1250	</listitem>
1251	</itemizedlist></para>
1252	</listitem>
1253
1254	<listitem>
1255	<para><computeroutput>--lptmode<1-N>
1256	<Device></computeroutput>:
1257	Specifies the Device Name of the parallel port that
1258	the Parallel Port feature will be using. Use this
1259	<emphasis>before</emphasis> <computeroutput>--lpt</computeroutput>.
1260	This feature is host operating system specific. For Windows hosts, use
1261	a device name like <emphasis>lpt1</emphasis> while on Linux
1262	hosts you have to use a device name like <emphasis>/dev/lp0</emphasis></para>
1263	</listitem>
1264
1265	<listitem>
1266	<para><computeroutput>--lpt<1-N>
1267	<I/O base> <IRQ></computeroutput>:
1268	Specifies the I/O address of the parallel port and the IRQ
1269	number that the Parallel Port feature will be using. Optional. Use this
1270	<emphasis>after</emphasis> <computeroutput>--lptmod</computeroutput>.
1271	I/O base address and IRQ are the values that guest sees i.e. the values
1272	avalable under guest Device Manager.</para>
1273	</listitem>
1274
1275	<listitem>
1276	<para><computeroutput>--audio none\|null\|dsound\|oss\|alsa\|pulse\|coreaudio</computeroutput>:
1277	With this setting, you can specify whether the VM should have audio support, and
1278	– if so – which type. The list of supported audio types depends on the
1279	host and can be determined with <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm</computeroutput>.
1280	</para>
1281	</listitem>
1282
1283	<listitem>
1284	<para><computeroutput>--audiocontroller ac97\|hda\|sb16</computeroutput>: With
1285	this setting, you can specify the audio controller to be used with this
1286	VM.
1287	</para>
1288	</listitem>
1289
1290	<listitem>
1291	<para><computeroutput>--audiocodec stac9700\|ad1980\|stac9221\|sb16</computeroutput>: With
1292	this setting, you can specify the audio codec to be used with this VM.
1293	</para>
1294	</listitem>
1295
1296	<listitem>
1297	<para><computeroutput>--audioin on</computeroutput>: With
1298	this setting, you can specify whether capturing audio from the
1299	host is enabled or disabled.</para>
1300	</listitem>
1301
1302	<listitem>
1303	<para><computeroutput>--audioout on</computeroutput>: With
1304	this setting, you can specify whether audio playback from the guest
1305	is enabled or disabled.</para>
1306	</listitem>
1307
1308	<listitem>
1309	<para><computeroutput>--clipboard
1310	disabled\|hosttoguest\|guesttohost\|bidirectional</computeroutput>:
1311	With this setting, you can select if and how the guest or host
1312	operating system's clipboard should be shared with the host or guest.
1313	See <xref linkend="generalsettings" />. This requires that the Guest
1314	Additions be installed in the virtual machine.</para>
1315	</listitem>
1316
1317	<listitem>
1318	<para><computeroutput>--draganddrop
1319	disabled\|hosttoguest\|guesttohost\|bidirectional</computeroutput>:
1320	With this setting, you can specify the current drag and drop mode
1321	being used between the host and the virtual machine.
1322	See <xref linkend="guestadd-dnd" />. This requires that the Guest
1323	Additions be installed in the virtual machine.</para>
1324	</listitem>
1325
1326	<listitem>
1327	<para><computeroutput>--monitorcount
1328	<count></computeroutput>: This enables multi-monitor
1329	support. See <xref linkend="settings-display" />.</para>
1330	</listitem>
1331
1332	<listitem>
1333	<para><computeroutput>--usb on\|off</computeroutput>: This setting
1334	enables or disables the VM's virtual USB controller. See <xref
1335	linkend="settings-usb" /> for details.</para>
1336	</listitem>
1337
1338	<listitem>
1339	<para><computeroutput>--usbehci on\|off</computeroutput>: This
1340	setting enables or disables the VM's virtual USB 2.0 controller.
1341	See <xref linkend="settings-usb" /> for details.</para>
1342	</listitem>
1343
1344	<listitem>
1345	<para><computeroutput>--usbxhci on\|off</computeroutput>: This
1346	setting enables or disables the VM's virtual USB 3.0 controller.
1347	See <xref linkend="settings-usb" /> for details.</para>
1348	</listitem>
1349
1350	<listitem>
1351	<para><computeroutput>--usbrename
1352	<oldname> <newname></computeroutput>: This
1353	setting enables renaming of the VM's virtual USB controller from <oldname>
1354	to <newname>.</para>
1355	</listitem>
1356	</itemizedlist></para>
1357
1358	</sect2>
1359
1360	<sect2 id="vboxmanage-modifyvm-videocap">
1361	<title>Video Capture settings</title>
1362
1363	<para>The following settings for changing video recording parameters are
1364	available through <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm</computeroutput>.
1365	<itemizedlist>
1366	<listitem>
1367	<para><computeroutput>--videocap on\|off</computeroutput>:
1368	This option enables or disables recording a VM session into a WebM/VP8
1369	file. If this option is enabled, recording will start when the VM
1370	session is started.</para>
1371	</listitem>
1372	<listitem>
1373	<para><computeroutput>--videocapscreens all\|<screen ID>
1374	[<screen ID> ...]</computeroutput>: This option allows to specify which screens of
1375	the VM are being recorded. Each screen is recorded into a separate file.</para>
1376	</listitem>
1377	<listitem>
1378	<para><computeroutput>--videocapfile <filename></computeroutput>:
1379	This option sets the filename VirtualBox uses to save the recorded content.
1380	</para>
1381	</listitem>
1382	<listitem>
1383	<para><computeroutput>--videocapres <width>x<height></computeroutput>:
1384	This option sets the resolution (in pixels) of the recorded video.</para>
1385	</listitem>
1386	<listitem>
1387	<para><computeroutput>--videocaprate <rate></computeroutput>:
1388	This option sets the bitrate in kilobits (kb) per second. Increasing this
1389	value makes the video look better for the cost of an increased file size.</para>
1390	</listitem>
1391	<listitem>
1392	<para><computeroutput>--videocapfps <fps></computeroutput>:
1393	This option sets the maximum number of frames per second (FPS) to be
1394	recorded. Frames with a higher frequency will be skipped. Reducing this
1395	value increases the number of skipped frames and reduces the file size.</para>
1396	</listitem>
1397	<listitem>
1398	<para><computeroutput>--videocapmaxtime <ms></computeroutput>:
1399	This option sets the maximum time in milliseconds the video capturing
1400	will be enabled since activation. The capturing stops when the defined
1401	time interval has elapsed. If this value is zero the capturing is not
1402	limited by time.</para>
1403	</listitem>
1404	<listitem>
1405	<para><computeroutput>--videocapmaxsize <MB></computeroutput>:
1406	This option limits the maximum size of the captured video file (in MB).
1407	The capturing stops when the file size has reached the specified size. If
1408	this value is zero the capturing will not be limited by file size.</para>
1409	</listitem>
1410	<listitem>
1411	<para><computeroutput>--videocapopts <key=value>
1412	[,<key=value> ...]</computeroutput>:
1413	This format can be used to specify additional video capturing options.
1414	These options only are for advanced users and must be specified in a
1415	comma-separated key=value format, e.g.
1416	<computeroutput>foo=bar,a=b</computeroutput>.
1417	</para>
1418
1419	<para>The following keys and their corresponding values are available:
1420	<itemizedlist>
1421	<listitem>
1422	<para><computeroutput>ac_enabled</computeroutput>:
1423	Enables audio recording when set to <computeroutput>true</computeroutput>,
1424	otherwise set to <computeroutput>false</computeroutput> to disable.
1425	This feature is considered being experimental.</para>
1426	</listitem>
1427	</itemizedlist>
1428	</para>
1429
1430	</listitem>
1431	</itemizedlist></para>
1432
1433	</sect2>
1434
1435	<sect2 id="vboxmanage-modifyvm-vrde">
1436	<title>Remote machine settings</title>
1437
1438	<para>The following settings that affect remote machine behavior are
1439	available through <computeroutput>VBoxManage
1440	modifyvm</computeroutput>:<itemizedlist>
1441	<listitem>
1442	<para><computeroutput>--vrde on\|off</computeroutput>:
1443	This enables or disables the VirtualBox remote desktop extension
1444	(VRDE) server.</para>
1445	</listitem>
1446
1447	<listitem>
1448	<para><computeroutput>--vrdeproperty "TCP/Ports\|Address=<value>"</computeroutput>
1449	sets the port number(s) and IP address on the VM that the VRDE server can bind to.</para>
1450
1451	<itemizedlist>
1452	<listitem>
1453	<para>For TCP/Ports, <value> should be a port or a range of ports that the VRDE
1454	server can bind to; "default" or "0" means port 3389, the standard port for RDP.
1455	For details, see the description for the
1456	<computeroutput>--vrdeport</computeroutput> option in <xref
1457	linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm-vrde" />.</para>
1458	</listitem>
1459
1460	<listitem>
1461	<para>For TCP/Address, <value> should be the IP address of the host network
1462	interface that the VRDE server will bind to. If specified, the server
1463	will accept connections only on the specified host network interface.
1464	For details, see the description for the
1465	<computeroutput>--vrdeaddress</computeroutput> option in <xref
1466	linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm-vrde" />.</para>
1467	</listitem>
1468	</itemizedlist>
1469	</listitem>
1470
1471	<listitem>
1472	<para><computeroutput>--vrdeproperty "VideoChannel/Enabled\|Quality\|DownscaleProtection=<value>"</computeroutput>
1473	sets the VRDP video redirection properties.</para>
1474	<itemizedlist>
1475	<listitem>
1476	<para>For VideoChannel/Enabled, <value> can be set to "1" switching the VRDP video channel on.
1477	For details, see <xref linkend="vrde-videochannel" />.</para>
1478	</listitem>
1479
1480	<listitem>
1481	<para>For VideoChannel/Quality, <value> should be set between 10 and 100% inclusive,
1482	representing a JPEG compression level on the VRDE server video channel. Lower values mean lower
1483	quality but higher compression. For details, see <xref linkend="vrde-videochannel" />.</para>
1484	</listitem>
1485
1486	<listitem>
1487	<para>For VideoChannel/DownscaleProtection, <value> can be set to "1" to
1488	enable the videochannel downscale protection feature. When enabled, if a video's size equals the shadow buffer
1489	size, then it is regarded as a full screen video, and is displayed; but if its size is between fullscreen and the downscale
1490	threshold - it is NOT displayed, as it could be an application window, which would be unreadable when downscaled.
1491	When the downscale protection feature is disabled, an attempt is always made to display videos.</para>
1492	</listitem>
1493	</itemizedlist>
1494	</listitem>
1495
1496	<listitem>
1497	<para><computeroutput>--vrdeproperty "Client/DisableDisplay\|DisableInput\|DisableAudio\|DisableUSB=1"</computeroutput></para>
1498	<para>disables one of the VRDE server features: Display, Input, Audio or USB respectively.
1499	To re-enable a feature, use e.g. "Client/DisableDisplay=".
1500	For details, see <xref linkend="vrde-customization" />.</para>
1501	</listitem>
1502
1503	<listitem>
1504	<para><computeroutput>--vrdeproperty "Client/DisableClipboard\|DisableUpstreamAudio=1"</computeroutput></para>
1505	<para>disables one of the VRDE server features: Clipboard or UpstreamAudio respectively.
1506	To re-enable a feature, use e.g. "Client/DisableClipboard=".
1507	For details, see <xref linkend="vrde-customization" />.</para>
1508	</listitem>
1509
1510	<listitem>
1511	<para><computeroutput>--vrdeproperty "Client/DisableRDPDR=1"</computeroutput></para>
1512	<para>disables the VRDE server feature: RDP device redirection for smart cards.
1513	To re-enable this feature, use "Client/DisableRDPR=".</para>
1514	</listitem>
1515
1516	<listitem>
1517	<para><computeroutput>--vrdeproperty "H3DRedirect/Enabled=1"</computeroutput></para>
1518	<para>enables the VRDE server feature: 3D redirection.
1519	To re-disable this feature, use "H3DRedirect/Enabled=".</para>
1520	</listitem>
1521
1522	<listitem>
1523	<para><computeroutput>--vrdeproperty "Security/Method\|ServerCertificate\|ServerPrivateKey\|CACertificate=<value>"</computeroutput>
1524	sets the desired security method/Path of server certificate, path of server private key, path of CA certificate, used for a connection.
1525
1526	<itemizedlist>
1527	<listitem>
1528	<para><computeroutput>--vrdeproperty "Security/Method=<value>"</computeroutput>
1529	sets the desired security method, which is used for a connection. Valid values are:
1530	<itemizedlist>
1531	<listitem>
1532	<para> <computeroutput>Negotiate</computeroutput> - both Enhanced (TLS)
1533	and Standard RDP Security connections are allowed. The security
1534	method is negotiated with the client. This is the default setting.</para>
1535	</listitem>
1536	<listitem>
1537	<para> <computeroutput>RDP</computeroutput> - only Standard RDP Security is accepted.</para>
1538	</listitem>
1539	<listitem>
1540	<para> <computeroutput>TLS</computeroutput> - only Enhanced RDP Security is accepted.
1541	The client must support TLS.</para>
1542	</listitem>
1543	</itemizedlist>
1544	For details, see <xref linkend="vrde-crypt" />.</para>
1545	</listitem>
1546
1547	<listitem>
1548	<para><computeroutput>--vrdeproperty "Security/ServerCertificate=<value>"</computeroutput>
1549	where <value> is the absolute path of the server certificate.
1550	For details, see <xref linkend="vrde-crypt" />.</para>
1551	</listitem>
1552
1553	<listitem>
1554	<para><computeroutput>--vrdeproperty "Security/ServerPrivateKey=<value>"</computeroutput>
1555	where <value> is the absolute path of the server private key.
1556	For details, see <xref linkend="vrde-crypt" />.</para>
1557	</listitem>
1558
1559	<listitem>
1560	<para><computeroutput>--vrdeproperty "Security/CACertificate=<value>"</computeroutput>
1561	where <value> is the absolute path of the CA self signed certificate.
1562	For details, see <xref linkend="vrde-crypt" />.</para>
1563	</listitem>
1564	</itemizedlist></para>
1565	</listitem>
1566
1567	<listitem>
1568	<para><computeroutput>--vrdeproperty "Audio/RateCorrectionMode\|LogPath=<value>"</computeroutput>
1569	sets the Audio connection mode, or Path of the audio logfile.
1570
1571	<itemizedlist>
1572	<listitem>
1573	<para><computeroutput>--vrdeproperty "Audio/RateCorrectionMode=<value>"</computeroutput>
1574	where <value> is the desired rate correction mode, allowed values are:
1575	<itemizedlist>
1576	<listitem>
1577	<para> <computeroutput>VRDP_AUDIO_MODE_VOID</computeroutput> - no mode specified, use to unset any Audio mode already set.</para>
1578	</listitem>
1579	<listitem>
1580	<para> <computeroutput>VRDP_AUDIO_MODE_RC</computeroutput> - rate correction mode.</para>
1581	</listitem>
1582	<listitem>
1583	<para> <computeroutput>VRDP_AUDIO_MODE_LPF</computeroutput> - low pass filter mode.</para>
1584	</listitem>
1585	<listitem>
1586	<para> <computeroutput>VRDP_AUDIO_MODE_CS</computeroutput> - client sync mode to prevent under/overflow of the client queue.</para>
1587	</listitem>
1588	</itemizedlist></para>
1589	</listitem>
1590	<listitem>
1591	<para><computeroutput>--vrdeproperty "Audio/LogPath=<value>"</computeroutput>
1592	where <value> is the absolute path of the Audio log file.</para>
1593	</listitem>
1594	</itemizedlist></para>
1595	</listitem>
1596
1597	<listitem>
1598	<para><computeroutput>--vrdeextpack default\|<name></computeroutput>:
1599	Enables specification of the library for accessing the VM
1600	remotely. The default is to use the RDP code which is part of the
1601	Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack.</para>
1602	</listitem>
1603
1604	<listitem>
1605	<para><computeroutput>--vrdeport
1606	default\|<ports></computeroutput>: A port or a range of ports
1607	the VRDE server can bind to; "default" or "0" means port 3389, the
1608	standard port for RDP. You can specify a comma-separated list of
1609	ports or ranges of ports. Use a dash between two port numbers to
1610	specify a range. The VRDE server will bind to <emphasis
1611	role="bold">one</emphasis> of the available ports from the specified
1612	list. Only one machine can use a given port at a time. For
1613	example, the option <computeroutput> --vrdeport
1614	5000,5010-5012</computeroutput> will tell the server to bind to
1615	one of following ports: 5000, 5010, 5011 or 5012.</para>
1616	</listitem>
1617
1618	<listitem>
1619	<para><computeroutput>--vrdeaddress <IP
1620	address></computeroutput>: The IP address of the host network
1621	interface the VRDE server will bind to. If specified, the server
1622	will accept connections only on the specified host network
1623	interface.</para>
1624	<para>The setting can be used to specify whether the VRDP server
1625	should accept either IPv4, IPv6 or both connections:
1626	<itemizedlist>
1627	<listitem>
1628	<para>only IPv4: <computeroutput>--vrdeaddress "0.0.0.0"
1629	</computeroutput></para>
1630	</listitem>
1631	<listitem>
1632	<para>only IPv6: <computeroutput>--vrdeaddress "::"
1633	</computeroutput></para>
1634	</listitem>
1635	<listitem>
1636	<para>both IPv6 and IPv4 (default): <computeroutput>--vrdeaddress ""
1637	</computeroutput></para>
1638	</listitem>
1639	</itemizedlist></para>
1640	</listitem>
1641
1642	<listitem>
1643	<para><computeroutput>--vrdeauthtype
1644	null\|external\|guest</computeroutput>: This enables you to indicate
1645	use of authorization, and specify how authorization will be performed;
1646	see <xref linkend="vbox-auth" /> for details.</para>
1647	</listitem>
1648
1649	<listitem>
1650	<para><computeroutput>--vrdeauthlibrary
1651	default\|<name></computeroutput>: This specifies the
1652	library used for RDP authentication, see <xref lang=""
1653	linkend="vbox-auth" /> for details.</para>
1654	</listitem>
1655
1656	<listitem>
1657	<para><computeroutput>--vrdemulticon on\|off</computeroutput>: This
1658	enables multiple connections to be made to the same VRDE server, if the
1659	server supports this feature; see <xref lang=""
1660	linkend="vrde-multiconnection" />.</para>
1661	</listitem>
1662
1663	<listitem>
1664	<para><computeroutput>--vrdereusecon on\|off</computeroutput>: This
1665	specifies the VRDE server behavior when multiple connections are
1666	disabled. When this option is enabled, the server will allow a new
1667	client to connect and will drop the existing connection. When this
1668	option is disabled (this is the default setting), a new connection
1669	will not be accepted if there is already a client connected to the
1670	server.</para>
1671	</listitem>
1672
1673	<listitem>
1674	<para><computeroutput>--vrdevideochannel on\|off</computeroutput>:
1675	This enables video redirection, if it is supported by the VRDE
1676	server; see <xref lang="" linkend="vrde-videochannel" />.</para>
1677	</listitem>
1678
1679	<listitem>
1680	<para><computeroutput>--vrdevideochannelquality
1681	<percent></computeroutput>: Specifies the image quality for video
1682	redirection; see <xref lang=""
1683	linkend="vrde-videochannel" />.</para>
1684	</listitem>
1685	</itemizedlist></para>
1686	</sect2>
1687
1688	<sect2 id="vboxmanage-modifyvm-teleport">
1689	<title>Teleporting settings</title>
1690
1691	<para>With the following commands for <computeroutput>VBoxManage
1692	modifyvm</computeroutput> you can configure a machine to be a target for
1693	teleporting. See <xref linkend="teleporting" /> for an
1694	introduction.<itemizedlist>
1695	<listitem>
1696	<para><computeroutput>--teleporter on\|off</computeroutput>:
1697	This setting enables/disables the teleporter feature whereby when the
1698	machine is started, it waits to receieve a teleporting request from the
1699	network instead of booting normally; teleporting requests are received on the
1700	port and address specified using the following two parameters.</para>
1701	</listitem>
1702
1703	<listitem>
1704	<para><computeroutput>--teleporterport
1705	<port></computeroutput>, <computeroutput>--teleporteraddress
1706	<address></computeroutput>: these settings must be used with
1707	--teleporter and they specify the port and address the virtual machine should
1708	listen to to receive a teleporting request sent from another virtual machine.
1709	<computeroutput><port></computeroutput> can
1710	be any free TCP/IP port number (e.g. 6000);
1711	<computeroutput><address></computeroutput> can be any IP
1712	address or hostname and specifies the TCP/IP socket to bind to.
1713	The default is "0.0.0.0", which means any address.</para>
1714	</listitem>
1715
1716	<listitem>
1717	<para><computeroutput>--teleporterpassword
1718	<password></computeroutput>: if this optional setting is
1719	given, then the teleporting request will only succeed if the
1720	source machine specifies the same password as the one given with
1721	this command.</para>
1722	</listitem>
1723
1724	<listitem>
1725	<para><computeroutput>--teleporterpasswordfile
1726	<password></computeroutput>: if this optional setting is
1727	given, then the teleporting request will only succeed if the
1728	source machine specifies the same password as the one specified
1729	in the file give with this command. Use <computeroutput>stdin</computeroutput>
1730	to read the password from stdin.</para>
1731	</listitem>
1732
1733	<listitem>
1734	<para><computeroutput>--cpuid <leaf> <eax> <ebx>
1735	<ecx> <edx></computeroutput>: Advanced users can use
1736	this setting before a teleporting operation to restrict the
1737	virtual CPU capabilities that VirtualBox presents to the guest
1738	operating system. This must be run on both the source and the
1739	target machines involved in the teleporting and will then modify
1740	what the guest sees when it executes the
1741	<computeroutput>CPUID</computeroutput> machine instruction. This
1742	might help with misbehaving applications that wrongly assume that
1743	certain CPU capabilities are present. The meaning of the
1744	parameters is hardware dependent; please refer to the AMD or Intel
1745	processor manuals.</para>
1746	</listitem>
1747	</itemizedlist></para>
1748	</sect2>
1749
1750	<sect2 id="vboxmanage-modifyvm-debugging">
1751	<title>Debugging settings</title>
1752
1753	<para>The following settings are only relevant for low-level VM
1754	debugging. Regular users will never need these settings.<itemizedlist>
1755	<listitem>
1756	<para><computeroutput>--tracing-enabled on\|off</computeroutput>:
1757	Enable the tracebuffer. This consumes some memory for the tracebuffer
1758	and adds extra overhead.</para>
1759	</listitem>
1760	<listitem>
1761	<para><computeroutput>--tracing-config <config-string></computeroutput>:
1762	Enables tracing configuration. In particular, this defines which group of
1763	tracepoints are enabled.</para>
1764	</listitem>
1765	<listitem>
1766	<para><computeroutput>--tracing-allow-vm-access on\|off</computeroutput>:
1767	Enables/disables(default) VM access to the tracebuffer.</para>
1768	</listitem>
1769	</itemizedlist>
1770	</para>
1771	</sect2>
1772
1773	<sect2 id="vboxmanage-usbcardreader">
1774	<title>USB card reader settings</title>
1775
1776	<para>The following setting defines access to a USB Card Reader by the guest environment.
1777	USB card readers are typically used for accessing data on memory cards such as
1778	CompactFlash (CF), Secure Digital (SD) or MultiMediaCard (MMC).</para>
1779	<itemizedlist>
1780	<listitem>
1781	<para><computeroutput>--usbcardreader on\|off</computeroutput>:
1782	Enables/disables the USB card reader interface.</para>
1783	</listitem>
1784	</itemizedlist>
1785	</sect2>
1786
1787	<sect2 id="vboxmanage-autostart">
1788	<title>Auto starting VMs during host system boot</title>
1789
1790	<para>These settings configure the VM autostart feature,
1791	which automatically starts the VM at host system boot-up.
1792	Note that there are pre-requisites that need to be addressed before using this feature.
1793	See <xref lang="" linkend="autostart" /> for more details.</para>
1794	<itemizedlist>
1795	<listitem>
1796	<para><computeroutput>--autostart on\|off</computeroutput>:
1797	Enables/disables VM autostart at host system boot-up, using specified user name.</para>
1798	</listitem>
1799	<listitem>
1800	<para><computeroutput>--autostart-delay <seconds></computeroutput>:
1801	Specifies a delay (seconds) following host system boot-up, before VM autostarts.</para>
1802	</listitem>
1803	</itemizedlist>
1804	</sect2>
1805	</sect1>
1806
1807	<sect1 id="vboxmanage-clonevm">
1808	<title>VBoxManage clonevm</title>
1809
1810	<para>This command creates a full or linked copy of an existing virtual
1811	machine.</para>
1812
1813	<para>The <computeroutput>clonevm</computeroutput> subcommand takes at
1814	least the name of the virtual machine which should be cloned. The following
1815	additional settings can be used to further configure the clone VM
1816	operation:</para>
1817
1818	<itemizedlist>
1819	<listitem>
1820	<para><computeroutput>--snapshot <uuid>\|<name></computeroutput>:
1821	Select a specific snapshot where the clone operation should refer
1822	to. Default is referring to the current state.</para>
1823	</listitem>
1824	<listitem>
1825	<para><computeroutput>--mode machine\|machineandchildren\|all</computeroutput>:
1826	Selects the cloning mode of the operation. If
1827	<computeroutput>machine</computeroutput> is selected (the default),
1828	the current state of the VM without any snapshots is cloned. In the
1829	<computeroutput>machineandchildren</computeroutput> mode the snapshot
1830	provided by <computeroutput>--snapshot</computeroutput> and all
1831	child snapshots are cloned. If <computeroutput>all</computeroutput>
1832	is the selected mode all snapshots and the current state are cloned.
1833	</para>
1834	</listitem>
1835	<listitem>
1836	<para><computeroutput>--options link\|keepallmacs\|keepnatmacs\|keepdisknames</computeroutput>:
1837	Allows additional fine tuning of the clone operation. The first
1838	option defines that a linked clone should be created, which is
1839	only possible for a machine cloned from a snapshot. The next two
1840	options enable specification of the handling of MAC addresses of
1841	every virtual network card. They can either be reinitialized
1842	(the default), left unchanged
1843	(<computeroutput>keepallmacs</computeroutput>) or left unchanged
1844	when the network type is NAT
1845	(<computeroutput>keepnatmacs</computeroutput>). If you add
1846	<computeroutput>keepdisknames</computeroutput> all new disk images
1847	are called like the original ones, otherwise they are
1848	renamed.</para>
1849	</listitem>
1850	<listitem>
1851	<para><computeroutput>--name <name></computeroutput>: Select a
1852	new name for the new virtual machine. Default is "Original Name
1853	Clone".</para>
1854	</listitem>
1855	<listitem>
1856	<para><computeroutput>--groups <group>, ...</computeroutput>
1857	Enables the clone to be assigned membership of the specified
1858	VM groups in the list. Note that group ids always start with a
1859	<computeroutput>/</computeroutput> and can be nested. By default,
1860	clones are always assigned membership of the group
1861	<computeroutput>/</computeroutput>.</para>
1862	</listitem>
1863	<listitem>
1864	<para><computeroutput>--basefolder <basefolder></computeroutput>:
1865	Select the folder where the new virtual machine configuration should
1866	be saved in.</para>
1867	</listitem>
1868	<listitem>
1869	<para><computeroutput>--uuid <uuid></computeroutput>:
1870	Select the UUID the new VM should have. This id has to be unique in
1871	the VirtualBox instance this clone should be registered. Default is
1872	creating a new UUID.</para>
1873	</listitem>
1874	<listitem>
1875	<para><computeroutput>--register</computeroutput>:
1876	Automatically register the new clone in this VirtualBox
1877	installation. If you manually want to register the new VM later, see
1878	<xref linkend="vboxmanage-registervm" /> for instructions how to do
1879	so.</para>
1880	</listitem>
1881	</itemizedlist>
1882	</sect1>
1883
1884	<sect1 id="vboxmanage-import">
1885	<title>VBoxManage import</title>
1886
1887	<para>This command imports a virtual appliance in OVF format by copying
1888	the virtual disk images and creating virtual machines in VirtualBox. See
1889	<xref linkend="ovf" /> for an introduction to appliances.</para>
1890
1891	<para>The <computeroutput>import</computeroutput> subcommand takes at
1892	least the path name of an OVF file as input and expects the disk images,
1893	if needed, in the same directory as the OVF file. A lot of additional
1894	command-line options are supported to control in detail what is being
1895	imported and modify the import parameters, but the details depend on the
1896	content of the OVF file.</para>
1897
1898	<para>It is therefore recommended to first run the import subcommand with
1899	the <computeroutput>--dry-run</computeroutput> or
1900	<computeroutput>-n</computeroutput> option. This will then print a
1901	description of the appliance's contents to the screen how it would be
1902	imported into VirtualBox, together with the optional command-line options
1903	to influence the import behavior.</para>
1904
1905	<para>Use of the <computeroutput>--options link\|keepallmacs\|keepnatmacs\|keepdisknames</computeroutput>:
1906	option enables additional fine tuning of the clone operation. The first
1907	option defines that a linked clone should be created, which is
1908	only possible for a machine clone from a snapshot. The next two
1909	options enable specification of how the MAC addresses of every virtual
1910	network card should be handled. They can either be reinitialized
1911	(the default), left unchanged
1912	(<computeroutput>keepallmacs</computeroutput>) or left unchanged
1913	when the network type is NAT
1914	(<computeroutput>keepnatmacs</computeroutput>). If you add
1915	<computeroutput>keepdisknames</computeroutput> all new disk images
1916	are assigned the same names as the originals, otherwise they are
1917	renamed.</para>
1918
1919	<para>As an example, here is the screen output with a sample appliance
1920	containing a Windows XP guest:<screen>VBoxManage import WindowsXp.ovf --dry-run
1921	Interpreting WindowsXp.ovf...
1922	OK.
1923	Virtual system 0:
1924	0: Suggested OS type: "WindowsXP"
1925	(change with "--vsys 0 --ostype <type>"; use "list ostypes" to list all)
1926	1: Suggested VM name "Windows XP Professional_1"
1927	(change with "--vsys 0 --vmname <name>")
1928	3: Number of CPUs: 1
1929	(change with "--vsys 0 --cpus <n>")
1930	4: Guest memory: 956 MB (change with "--vsys 0 --memory <MB>")
1931	5: Sound card (appliance expects "ensoniq1371", can change on import)
1932	(disable with "--vsys 0 --unit 5 --ignore")
1933	6: USB controller
1934	(disable with "--vsys 0 --unit 6 --ignore")
1935	7: Network adapter: orig bridged, config 2, extra type=bridged
1936	8: Floppy
1937	(disable with "--vsys 0 --unit 8 --ignore")
1938	9: SCSI controller, type BusLogic
1939	(change with "--vsys 0 --unit 9 --scsitype {BusLogic\|LsiLogic}";
1940	disable with "--vsys 0 --unit 9 --ignore")
1941	10: IDE controller, type PIIX4
1942	(disable with "--vsys 0 --unit 10 --ignore")
1943	11: Hard disk image: source image=WindowsXp.vmdk,
1944	target path=/home/user/disks/WindowsXp.vmdk, controller=9;channel=0
1945	(change controller with "--vsys 0 --unit 11 --controller <id>";
1946	disable with "--vsys 0 --unit 11 --ignore")</screen></para>
1947
1948	<para>As you can see, the individual configuration items are numbered, and
1949	depending on their type support different command-line options. The import
1950	subcommand can be directed to ignore many such items with a
1951	<computeroutput>--vsys X --unit Y --ignore</computeroutput> option, where
1952	X is the number of the virtual system (zero unless there are several
1953	virtual system descriptions in the appliance) and Y the item number, as
1954	printed on the screen.</para>
1955
1956	<para>In the above example, Item #1 specifies the name of the target
1957	machine in VirtualBox. Items #9 and #10 specify hard disk controllers,
1958	respectively. Item #11 describes a hard disk image; in this case, the
1959	additional <computeroutput>--controller</computeroutput> option indicates
1960	which item the disk image should be connected to, with the default coming
1961	from the OVF file.</para>
1962
1963	<para>You can combine several items for the same virtual system behind the
1964	same <computeroutput>--vsys</computeroutput> option. For example, to
1965	import a machine as described in the OVF, but without the sound card and
1966	without the USB controller, and with the disk image connected to the IDE
1967	controller instead of the SCSI controller, use this:<screen>VBoxManage import WindowsXp.ovf
1968	--vsys 0 --unit 5 --ignore --unit 6 --ignore --unit 11 --controller 10</screen></para>
1969	</sect1>
1970
1971	<sect1 id="vboxmanage-export">
1972	<title>VBoxManage export</title>
1973
1974	<para>This command exports one or more virtual machines from VirtualBox
1975	into a virtual appliance in OVF format, including copying their virtual
1976	disk images to compressed VMDK. See <xref linkend="ovf" /> for an
1977	introduction to appliances.</para>
1978
1979	<para>The <computeroutput>export</computeroutput> command is simple to
1980	use: list the machine (or the machines) that you would like to export to
1981	the same OVF file and specify the target OVF file after an additional
1982	<computeroutput>--output</computeroutput> or
1983	<computeroutput>-o</computeroutput> option. Note that the directory of the
1984	target OVF file will also receive the exported disk images in the
1985	compressed VMDK format (regardless of the original format) and should have
1986	enough disk space left for them.</para>
1987
1988	<para>Beside a simple export of a given virtual machine, you can append
1989	several product information to the appliance file. Use
1990	<computeroutput>--product</computeroutput>,
1991	<computeroutput>--producturl</computeroutput>,
1992	<computeroutput>--vendor</computeroutput>,
1993	<computeroutput>--vendorurl</computeroutput>,
1994	<computeroutput>--version</computeroutput> and
1995	<computeroutput>--description</computeroutput> to specify this additional
1996	information. For legal reasons you may add a license text or the content
1997	of a license file by using the <computeroutput>--eula</computeroutput> and
1998	<computeroutput>--eulafile</computeroutput> option respectively. As with
1999	OVF import, you must use the <computeroutput>--vsys X</computeroutput>
2000	option to direct the previously mentioned options to the correct virtual
2001	machine.</para>
2002
2003	<para>For virtualization products which aren't fully compatible with the
2004	OVF standard 1.0 you can enable a OVF 0.9 legacy mode with the
2005	<computeroutput>--legacy09</computeroutput> option. Other options are
2006	--ovf09, --ovf10, --ovf20.</para>
2007
2008	<para>To specify options controlling the exact content of the appliance
2009	file, you can use <computeroutput>--options</computeroutput> to request the
2010	creation of a manifest file (encouraged, allows detection of corrupted
2011	appliances on import), the additional export of DVD images, and the
2012	exclusion of MAC addresses. You can specify a list of options, e.g.
2013	<computeroutput>--options manifest,nomacs</computeroutput>. For details,
2014	check the help output of <computeroutput>VBoxManage export</computeroutput>.</para>
2015	</sect1>
2016
2017	<sect1 id="vboxmanage-startvm">
2018	<title>VBoxManage startvm</title>
2019
2020	<para>This command starts a virtual machine that is currently in the
2021	"Powered off" or "Saved" states.</para>
2022
2023	<para>The optional <computeroutput>--type</computeroutput> specifier
2024	determines whether the machine will be started in a window or whether the
2025	output should go through <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput>,
2026	with VRDE enabled or not; see <xref linkend="vboxheadless" /> for more
2027	information. The list of types is subject to change, and it's not
2028	guaranteed that all types are accepted by any product variant.</para>
2029
2030	<para>The global or per-VM default value for the VM frontend type will be
2031	taken if the type is not explicitly specified. If none of these are set,
2032	the GUI variant will be started.</para>
2033
2034	<para>The following values are allowed:</para>
2035
2036	<glosslist>
2037	<glossentry>
2038	<glossterm><computeroutput>gui</computeroutput></glossterm>
2039
2040	<glossdef>
2041	<para>Starts a VM showing a GUI window. This is the default.</para>
2042	</glossdef>
2043	</glossentry>
2044
2045	<glossentry>
2046	<glossterm><computeroutput>headless</computeroutput></glossterm>
2047
2048	<glossdef>
2049	<para>Starts a VM without a window for remote display only.</para>
2050	</glossdef>
2051	</glossentry>
2052
2053	<glossentry>
2054	<glossterm><computeroutput>sdl</computeroutput></glossterm>
2055
2056	<glossdef>
2057	<para>Starts a VM with a minimal GUI and limited features.</para>
2058	</glossdef>
2059	</glossentry>
2060
2061	<glossentry>
2062	<glossterm><computeroutput>separate</computeroutput></glossterm>
2063
2064	<glossdef>
2065	<para>Starts a VM with detachable UI (technically it is a headless VM
2066	with user interface in a separate process). This is an experimental
2067	feature as it lacks certain functionality at the moment (e.g. 3D
2068	acceleration will not work).</para>
2069	</glossdef>
2070	</glossentry>
2071	</glosslist>
2072
2073	<note>
2074	<para>If you experience problems with starting virtual machines with
2075	particular frontends and there is no conclusive error information,
2076	consider starting virtual machines directly by running the respective
2077	front-end, as this can give additional error information.</para>
2078	</note>
2079	</sect1>
2080
2081	<sect1 id="vboxmanage-controlvm">
2082	<title>VBoxManage controlvm</title>
2083
2084	<para>The <computeroutput>controlvm</computeroutput> subcommand allows you
2085	to change the state of a virtual machine that is currently running. The
2086	following can be specified:</para>
2087
2088	<para><itemizedlist>
2089	<listitem>
2090	<para><computeroutput>VBoxManage controlvm <vm>
2091	pause</computeroutput> temporarily puts a virtual machine on hold,
2092	without changing its state for good. The VM window will be painted
2093	in gray to indicate that the VM is currently paused. (This is
2094	equivalent to selecting the "Pause" item in the "Machine" menu of
2095	the GUI).</para>
2096	</listitem>
2097
2098	<listitem>
2099	<para>Use <computeroutput>VBoxManage controlvm <vm>
2100	resume</computeroutput> to undo a previous
2101	<computeroutput>pause</computeroutput> command. (This is equivalent
2102	to selecting the "Resume" item in the "Machine" menu of the
2103	GUI.)</para>
2104	</listitem>
2105
2106	<listitem>
2107	<para><computeroutput>VBoxManage controlvm <vm>
2108	reset</computeroutput> has the same effect on a virtual machine as
2109	pressing the "Reset" button on a real computer: a cold reboot of the
2110	virtual machine, which will restart and boot the guest operating
2111	system again immediately. The state of the VM is not saved
2112	beforehand, and data may be lost. (This is equivalent to selecting
2113	the "Reset" item in the "Machine" menu of the GUI).</para>
2114	</listitem>
2115
2116	<listitem>
2117	<para><computeroutput>VBoxManage controlvm <vm>
2118	poweroff</computeroutput> has the same effect on a virtual machine
2119	as pulling the power cable on a real computer. Again, the state of
2120	the VM is not saved beforehand, and data may be lost. (This is
2121	equivalent to selecting the "Close" item in the "Machine" menu of
2122	the GUI or pressing the window's close button, and then selecting
2123	"Power off the machine" in the dialog).</para>
2124
2125	<para>After this, the VM's state will be "Powered off". From there,
2126	it can be started again; see <xref
2127	linkend="vboxmanage-startvm" />.</para>
2128	</listitem>
2129
2130	<listitem>
2131	<para><computeroutput>VBoxManage controlvm <vm>
2132	savestate</computeroutput> will save the current state of the VM to
2133	disk and then stop the VM. (This is equivalent to selecting the
2134	"Close" item in the "Machine" menu of the GUI or pressing the
2135	window's close button, and then selecting "Save the machine state"
2136	in the dialog.)</para>
2137
2138	<para>After this, the VM's state will be "Saved". From there, it can
2139	be started again; see <xref linkend="vboxmanage-startvm" />.</para>
2140	</listitem>
2141
2142	<listitem>
2143	<para><computeroutput>VBoxManage controlvm <vm>
2144	acpipowerbutton</computeroutput> will send an ACPI shutdown signal to
2145	the VM, as if the power button on a real computer had been pressed.
2146	So long as the VM is running a fairly modern guest operating system
2147	providing ACPI support, this should trigger a proper shutdown mechanism
2148	from within the VM.</para>
2149	</listitem>
2150
2151	<listitem>
2152	<para><computeroutput>VBoxManage controlvm <vm>
2153	keyboardputscancode <hex> [<hex>...]</computeroutput>
2154	Sends commands using keycodes to the VM. Keycodes are documented in the
2155	public domain, e.g. http://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/linux/kbd/scancodes-1.html.</para>
2156	</listitem>
2157
2158	<listitem>
2159	<para><computeroutput>VBoxManage controlvm "VM name" teleport
2160	--hostname <name> --port <port> [--passwordfile
2161	<file> \| --password <password>]</computeroutput> makes
2162	the machine the source of a teleporting operation and initiates a
2163	teleport to the given target. See <xref linkend="teleporting" /> for
2164	an introduction. If the optional password is specified, it must match
2165	the password that was given to the
2166	<computeroutput>modifyvm</computeroutput> command for the target
2167	machine; see <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm-teleport" /> for
2168	details.</para>
2169	</listitem>
2170	</itemizedlist></para>
2171
2172	<para>A few extra options are available with
2173	<computeroutput>controlvm</computeroutput> that do not directly affect the
2174	VM's running state:</para>
2175
2176	<itemizedlist>
2177	<listitem>
2178	<para>The <computeroutput>setlinkstate<1-N></computeroutput>
2179	operation connects or disconnects virtual network cables from their
2180	network interfaces.</para>
2181	</listitem>
2182
2183	<listitem>
2184	<para><computeroutput>nic<1-N>
2185	null\|nat\|bridged\|intnet\|hostonly\|generic\|natnetwork[<devicename>]</computeroutput>:
2186	specifies the type of networking that should be made available on the specified VM
2187	virtual network card.
2188	They can be: not connected to the host
2189	(<computeroutput>null</computeroutput>), use network address
2190	translation (<computeroutput>nat</computeroutput>), bridged networking
2191	(<computeroutput>bridged</computeroutput>) or communicate with other
2192	virtual machines using internal networking
2193	(<computeroutput>intnet</computeroutput>) or host-only networking
2194	(<computeroutput>hostonly</computeroutput>) or natnetwork networking
2195	(<computeroutput>natnetwork</computeroutput>) or access to rarely used
2196	sub-modes
2197	(<computeroutput>generic</computeroutput>).
2198	These options correspond to the modes which are described in detail in <xref
2199	linkend="networkingmodes" />.</para>
2200	</listitem>
2201
2202	<listitem>
2203	<para>With the "nictrace" options, you can optionally trace network traffic by dumping
2204	it to a file, for debugging purposes.</para>
2205
2206	<para>With <computeroutput>nictrace<1-N>
2207	on\|off</computeroutput>, you can enable network tracing for a particular virtual
2208	network card.</para>
2209
2210	<para>If enabled, you must specify with
2211	<computeroutput>--nictracefile<1-N>
2212	<filename></computeroutput> the pathname of the file to which the trace should be
2213	logged.</para>
2214	</listitem>
2215
2216	<listitem>
2217	<para><computeroutput>nicpromisc<1-N>
2218	deny\|allow-vms\|allow-all</computeroutput>:
2219	This specifies how the promiscious mode is handled for the specified VM
2220	virtual network card. This setting is only relevant for bridged networking.
2221	<computeroutput>deny</computeroutput> (default setting) hides
2222	any traffic not intended for this VM.
2223	<computeroutput>allow-vms</computeroutput> hides all host
2224	traffic from this VM but allows the VM to see traffic from/to other
2225	VMs.
2226	<computeroutput>allow-all</computeroutput> removes this
2227	restriction completely.</para>
2228	</listitem>
2229
2230	<listitem>
2231	<para><computeroutput>nicproperty<1-N>
2232	<paramname>="paramvalue"</computeroutput>:
2233	This option, in combination with "nicgenericdrv" enables you to
2234	pass parameters to rarely-used network backends.</para><para>
2235	Those parameters are backend engine-specific, and are different
2236	between UDP Tunnel and the VDE backend drivers. For example,
2237	please see <xref linkend="network_udp_tunnel" />.
2238	</para>
2239	</listitem>
2240
2241	<listitem>
2242	<para><computeroutput>natpf<1-N>
2243	[<name>],tcp\|udp,[<hostip>],<hostport>,[<guestip>],
2244	<guestport></computeroutput>: This option specifies a NAT
2245	port-forwarding rule (please see <xref linkend="natforward"/>
2246	for details).
2247	</para>
2248	</listitem>
2249
2250	<listitem>
2251	<para><computeroutput>natpf<1-N> delete
2252	<name></computeroutput>: This option deletes a NAT
2253	port-forwarding rule (please see <xref linkend="natforward"/>
2254	for details).</para>
2255	</listitem>
2256
2257	<listitem>
2258	<para>The <computeroutput>guestmemoryballoon<balloon size in MB></computeroutput>
2259	operation changes the size of the guest memory balloon, that is,
2260	memory allocated by the VirtualBox Guest Additions from the guest
2261	operating system and returned to the hypervisor for re-use by other
2262	virtual machines. This must be specified in megabytes. For details,
2263	see <xref linkend="guestadd-balloon" />.</para>
2264	</listitem>
2265
2266	<listitem>
2267	<para><computeroutput>usbattach<uuid\|address> [--capturefile <filename>]</computeroutput></para>
2268	<para>and <computeroutput>usbdetach <uuid\|address> [--capturefile <filename>]</computeroutput>
2269	make host USB devices visible/invisible to the virtual machine on the fly, without the need for
2270	creating filters first. The USB devices can be specified by UUID
2271	(unique identifier) or by address on the host system. Use the --capturefile
2272	option to specify the absolute path of a file for writing activity logging data.</para>
2273
2274	<para>You can use <computeroutput>VBoxManage list
2275	usbhost</computeroutput> to locate this information.</para>
2276	</listitem>
2277
2278	<listitem>
2279	<para><computeroutput>audioin on</computeroutput>: With
2280	this setting, you can select whether capturing audio from the
2281	host is enabled or disabled.</para>
2282	</listitem>
2283
2284	<listitem>
2285	<para><computeroutput>audioout on</computeroutput>: With
2286	this setting, you can select whether audio playback from the guest
2287	is enabled or disabled.</para>
2288	</listitem>
2289
2290	<listitem>
2291	<para><computeroutput>clipboard
2292	disabled\|hosttoguest\|guesttohost\|bidirectional</computeroutput>:
2293	With this setting, you can select if and how the guest or host
2294	operating system's clipboard should be shared with the host or guest;
2295	see <xref linkend="generalsettings" />. This requires that the Guest
2296	Additions be installed in the virtual machine.</para>
2297	</listitem>
2298
2299	<listitem>
2300	<para><computeroutput>draganddrop
2301	disabled\|hosttoguest\|guesttohost\|bidirectional</computeroutput>:
2302	With this setting, you can select the current drag and drop mode
2303	being used between the host and the virtual machine;
2304	see <xref linkend="guestadd-dnd" />. This requires that the Guest
2305	Additions be installed in the virtual machine.</para>
2306	</listitem>
2307
2308	<listitem>
2309	<para><computeroutput>vrde on\|off</computeroutput> lets you enable or
2310	disable the VRDE server, if it is installed.</para>
2311	</listitem>
2312
2313	<listitem>
2314	<para><computeroutput>vrdeport default\|<ports></computeroutput>
2315	changes the port or a range of ports that the VRDE server can bind to;
2316	"default" or "0" means port 3389, the standard port for RDP. For
2317	details, see the description for the
2318	<computeroutput>--vrdeport</computeroutput> option in <xref
2319	linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm-vrde" />.</para>
2320	</listitem>
2321
2322	<listitem>
2323	<para><computeroutput>vrdeproperty "TCP/Ports\|Address=<value>"</computeroutput>
2324	sets the port number(s) and IP address on the VM to which the VRDE server can bind.</para>
2325
2326	<itemizedlist>
2327	<listitem>
2328	<para>For TCP/Ports, <value> should be a port or a range of ports to which
2329	the VRDE server can bind; "default" or "0" means port 3389, the standard port for RDP.
2330	For details, see the description for the
2331	<computeroutput>--vrdeport</computeroutput> option in <xref
2332	linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm-vrde" />.</para>
2333	</listitem>
2334
2335	<listitem>
2336	<para>For TCP/Address, <value> should be the IP address of the host network
2337	interface that the VRDE server will bind to. If specified, the server
2338	will accept connections only on the specified host network interface.
2339	For details, see the description for the
2340	<computeroutput>--vrdeaddress</computeroutput> option in <xref
2341	linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm-vrde" />.</para>
2342	</listitem>
2343	</itemizedlist>
2344	</listitem>
2345
2346	<listitem>
2347	<para><computeroutput>vrdeproperty "VideoChannel/Enabled\|Quality\|DownscaleProtection=<value>"</computeroutput>
2348	sets the VRDP video redirection properties.</para>
2349	<itemizedlist>
2350	<listitem>
2351	<para>For VideoChannel/Enabled, <value> can be set to "1" switching the VRDP video channel on.
2352	For details, see <xref linkend="vrde-videochannel" />.</para>
2353	</listitem>
2354
2355	<listitem>
2356	<para>For VideoChannel/Quality, <value> should be set between 10 and 100% inclusive,
2357	representing a JPEG compression level on the VRDE server video channel. Lower values mean lower
2358	quality but higher compression. For details, see <xref linkend="vrde-videochannel" />.</para>
2359	</listitem>
2360
2361	<listitem>
2362	<para>For VideoChannel/DownscaleProtection, <value> can be set to "1" to enable the
2363	videochannel downscale protection feature. When enabled, if a video's size equals the shadow
2364	buffer size, then it is regarded as a full screen video, and is displayed; but if its size
2365	is between fullscreen and the downscale threshold - it is NOT displayed, as it could be an
2366	application window, which would be unreadable when downscaled.
2367	When the downscale protection feature is disabled, an attempt is always made to display videos.</para>
2368	</listitem>
2369	</itemizedlist>
2370	</listitem>
2371
2372	<listitem>
2373	<para><computeroutput>vrdeproperty "Client/DisableDisplay\|DisableInput\|DisableAudio\|DisableUSB=1"</computeroutput></para>
2374	<para>disables one of the VRDE server features: Display, Input, Audio or USB respectively.
2375	To re-enable a feature, use e.g. "Client/DisableDisplay=".
2376	For details, see <xref linkend="vrde-customization" />.</para>
2377	</listitem>
2378
2379	<listitem>
2380	<para><computeroutput>vrdeproperty "Client/DisableClipboard\|DisableUpstreamAudio=1"</computeroutput></para>
2381	<para>disables one of the VRDE server features: Clipboard or UpstreamAudio respectively.
2382	To re-enable a feature, use e.g. "Client/DisableClipboard=".
2383	For details, see <xref linkend="vrde-customization" />.</para>
2384	</listitem>
2385
2386	<listitem>
2387	<para><computeroutput>vrdeproperty "Client/DisableRDPDR=1"</computeroutput></para>
2388	<para>disables the VRDE server feature: RDP device redirection for smart cards.
2389	To re-enable this feature, use "Client/DisableRDPR=".</para>
2390	</listitem>
2391
2392	<listitem>
2393	<para><computeroutput>vrdeproperty "H3DRedirect/Enabled=1"</computeroutput></para>
2394	<para>enables the VRDE server feature: 3D redirection.
2395	To re-disable this feature, use "H3DRedirect/Enabled=".</para>
2396	</listitem>
2397
2398	<listitem>
2399	<para><computeroutput>vrdeproperty "Security/Method\|ServerCertificate\|ServerPrivateKey\|CACertificate=<value>"</computeroutput>
2400	sets the desired security method/Path of server certificate, path of server private key, path of CA certificate, used for a connection.
2401
2402	<itemizedlist>
2403	<listitem>
2404	<para><computeroutput>vrdeproperty "Security/Method=<value>"</computeroutput>
2405	sets the desired security method, which is used for a connection. Valid values are:
2406	<itemizedlist>
2407	<listitem>
2408	<para> <computeroutput>Negotiate</computeroutput> - both Enhanced (TLS)
2409	and Standard RDP Security connections are allowed. The security
2410	method is negotiated with the client. This is the default setting.</para>
2411	</listitem>
2412	<listitem>
2413	<para> <computeroutput>RDP</computeroutput> - only Standard RDP Security is accepted.</para>
2414	</listitem>
2415	<listitem>
2416	<para> <computeroutput>TLS</computeroutput> - only Enhanced RDP Security is accepted.
2417	The client must support TLS.</para>
2418	</listitem>
2419	</itemizedlist>
2420	For details, see <xref linkend="vrde-crypt" />.</para>
2421	</listitem>
2422
2423	<listitem>
2424	<para><computeroutput>vrdeproperty "Security/ServerCertificate=<value>"</computeroutput>
2425	where <value> is the absolute path of the server certificate.
2426	For details, see <xref linkend="vrde-crypt" />.</para>
2427	</listitem>
2428
2429	<listitem>
2430	<para><computeroutput>vrdeproperty "Security/ServerPrivateKey=<value>"</computeroutput>
2431	where <value> is the absolute path of the server private key.
2432	For details, see <xref linkend="vrde-crypt" />.</para>
2433	</listitem>
2434
2435	<listitem>
2436	<para><computeroutput>vrdeproperty "Security/CACertificate=<value>"</computeroutput>
2437	where <value> is the absolute path of the CA self signed certificate.
2438	For details, see <xref linkend="vrde-crypt" />.</para>
2439	</listitem>
2440	</itemizedlist></para>
2441	</listitem>
2442
2443	<listitem>
2444	<para><computeroutput>vrdeproperty "Audio/RateCorrectionMode\|LogPath=<value>"</computeroutput>
2445	sets the Audio connection mode, or Path of the audio logfile.
2446
2447	<itemizedlist>
2448	<listitem>
2449	<para><computeroutput>vrdeproperty "Audio/RateCorrectionMode=<value>"</computeroutput>
2450	where <value> is the desired rate correction mode, allowed values are:
2451	<itemizedlist>
2452	<listitem>
2453	<para> <computeroutput>VRDP_AUDIO_MODE_VOID</computeroutput> - no mode specified, use to
2454	unset any Audio mode already set.</para>
2455	</listitem>
2456	<listitem>
2457	<para> <computeroutput>VRDP_AUDIO_MODE_RC</computeroutput> - rate correction mode.</para>
2458	</listitem>
2459	<listitem>
2460	<para> <computeroutput>VRDP_AUDIO_MODE_LPF</computeroutput> - low pass filter mode.</para>
2461	</listitem>
2462	<listitem>
2463	<para> <computeroutput>VRDP_AUDIO_MODE_CS</computeroutput> - client sync mode to prevent
2464	under/overflow of the client queue.</para>
2465	</listitem>
2466	</itemizedlist></para>
2467	</listitem>
2468	<listitem>
2469	<para><computeroutput>vrdeproperty "Audio/LogPath=<value>"</computeroutput>
2470	where <value> is the absolute path of the Audio log file.</para>
2471	</listitem>
2472	</itemizedlist></para>
2473	</listitem>
2474
2475	<listitem>
2476	<para><computeroutput>vrdevideochannelquality
2477	<percent></computeroutput>: Sets the image quality for video
2478	redirection; see <xref lang=""
2479	linkend="vrde-videochannel" />.</para>
2480	</listitem>
2481
2482	<listitem>
2483	<para><computeroutput>setvideomodehint</computeroutput> requests that
2484	the guest system change to a particular video mode. This requires that
2485	the Guest Additions be installed, and will not work for all guest
2486	systems.</para>
2487	</listitem>
2488
2489	<listitem>
2490	<para><computeroutput>screenshotpng</computeroutput> takes a screenshot
2491	of the guest display and saves it in PNG format.</para>
2492	</listitem>
2493
2494	<listitem>
2495	<para><computeroutput>videocap on\|off</computeroutput> enables or disables
2496	recording a VM session into a WebM/VP8 file.</para>
2497	</listitem>
2498
2499	<listitem>
2500	<para><computeroutput>videocapscreens all\|<screen ID>
2501	[<screen ID> ...]]</computeroutput> allows to specify which screens of
2502	the VM are being recorded. This setting
2503	cannot be changed while video capturing is enabled. Each screen is recorded
2504	into a separate file.</para>
2505	</listitem>
2506
2507	<listitem>
2508	<para><computeroutput>videocapfile <file></computeroutput> sets the filename
2509	VirtualBox uses to save the recorded content. This setting cannot be changed
2510	while video capturing is enabled.</para>
2511	</listitem>
2512
2513	<listitem>
2514	<para><computeroutput>videocapres <width> <height></computeroutput>
2515	sets the resolution (in pixels) of the recorded video. This setting cannot be
2516	changed while video capturing is enabled.</para>
2517	</listitem>
2518
2519	<listitem> <!-- @todo r=andy Clarify rate. -->
2520	<para><computeroutput>videocaprate <rate></computeroutput> sets the
2521	bitrate in kilobits (kb) per second. Increasing this value makes the video
2522	look better for the cost of an increased file size. This setting cannot be
2523	changed while video capturing is enabled.</para>
2524	</listitem>
2525
2526	<listitem>
2527	<para><computeroutput>videocapfps <fps></computeroutput> sets the
2528	maximum number of frames per second (FPS) to be recorded. Frames with a
2529	higher frequency will be skipped. Reducing this value increases the number
2530	of skipped frames and reduces the file size. This setting cannot be changed
2531	while video capturing is enabled.</para>
2532	</listitem>
2533
2534	<listitem> <!-- @todo r=andy Clarify time format. -->
2535	<para><computeroutput>videocapmaxtime <ms></computeroutput> sets
2536	the maximum time in milliseconds the video capturing will be enabled
2537	since activation.
2538	The capturing stops when the defined time interval has elapsed. If this
2539	value is zero the capturing is not limited by time. This setting cannot
2540	be changed while video capturing is enabled.</para>
2541	</listitem>
2542
2543	<listitem>
2544	<para><computeroutput>videocapmaxsize <MB></computeroutput> limits
2545	the maximum size of the captured video file (in MB). The capturing stops
2546	when the file size has reached the specified size. If this value is zero
2547	the capturing will not be limited by file size. This setting cannot be
2548	changed while video capturing is enabled.</para>
2549	</listitem>
2550
2551	<listitem>
2552	<para><computeroutput>videocapopts <key=value>[,<key=value> ...]</computeroutput>
2553	can be used to specify additional video capturing options. These options
2554	only are for advanced users and must be specified in a comma-separated
2555	key=value format, e.g. <computeroutput>foo=bar,a=b</computeroutput>.
2556	This setting cannot be changed while video capturing is enabled.</para>
2557	</listitem>
2558
2559	<listitem>
2560	<para>The <computeroutput>setcredentials</computeroutput> operation is
2561	used for remote logons in Windows guests. For details, please refer to
2562	<xref linkend="autologon" />.</para>
2563	</listitem>
2564
2565	<listitem>
2566	<para><computeroutput>teleport --host <name> --port <port></computeroutput>
2567	can be used to configure a VM as a target for teleporting.
2568	<name> specifies the virtual machine name. <port> specifies the port on the
2569	virtual machine which should listen for teleporting requests from other
2570	virtual machines. It can be any free TCP/IP port number (e.g. 6000);
2571	See <xref linkend="teleporting" /> for an introduction.</para>
2572	<itemizedlist>
2573	<listitem>
2574	<para><computeroutput>--maxdowntime <msec></computeroutput>:
2575	specifies the maximum downtime (milliseconds) for the
2576	teleporting target VM. Optional.</para>
2577	</listitem>
2578
2579	<listitem>
2580	<para><computeroutput>--password
2581	<password></computeroutput>:
2582	indicates that the teleporting request will only succeed if the
2583	source machine specifies the same password as the one given with
2584	this command. Optional.</para>
2585	</listitem>
2586
2587	<listitem>
2588	<para><computeroutput>--passwordfile
2589	<password file></computeroutput>:
2590	indicates that the teleporting request will only succeed if the
2591	source machine specifies the same password as the one specified
2592	in the password file with the path specified with this command.
2593	Use <computeroutput>stdin</computeroutput> to read the password
2594	from stdin. Optional.</para>
2595	</listitem>
2596	</itemizedlist>
2597	</listitem>
2598
2599	<listitem>
2600	<para><computeroutput>plugcpu\|unplugcpu
2601	<id></computeroutput>: If CPU hot-plugging is enabled, this adds
2602	a virtual CPU to the virtual machines (or removes one).
2603	<computeroutput><id></computeroutput> specifies the index of
2604	the virtual CPU to be added or removed and must be a number from 0
2605	to the maximum no. of CPUs configured. CPU 0 can never be removed.</para>
2606	</listitem>
2607
2608	<listitem>
2609	<para>The <computeroutput>cpuexecutioncap
2610	<1-100></computeroutput>: This operation controls how much cpu
2611	time a virtual CPU can use. A value of 50 implies a single virtual CPU
2612	can use up to 50% of a single host CPU.</para>
2613	</listitem>
2614
2615	<listitem>
2616	<para><computeroutput>webcam
2617	attach <path\|alias> [<key=value>[;<key=value>...]]</computeroutput>: This operation
2618	attaches a webcam to a running VM. Specify the absolute path of the
2619	webcam on the host operating system, or use its alias (obtained by using the command: VBoxManage
2620	list webcams).</para>
2621
2622	<para>Note that alias '.0' means default video input device on the host operating system, '.1', '.2',
2623	etc. mean first, second, etc. video input device. The device order is host-specific.</para>
2624
2625	<para>The optional settings parameter is a ';' delimited list of name/value pairs, enabling configuration
2626	of the emulated webcam device.</para>
2627
2628	<para>The following settings are supported:</para>
2629
2630	<para>MaxFramerate (default no maximum limit) - this specifies the highest rate (frames/sec) at which
2631	video frames are sent to the guest. Higher frame rates increase CPU load, so this setting can be useful
2632	when there is a need to reduce CPU load. Its default 'value' is 'no maximum limit', thus enabling the
2633	guest to use all frame rates supported by the host webcam.</para>
2634
2635	<para>MaxPayloadTransferSize (default 3060 bytes) - this specifies the maximum number of bytes the emulated
2636	webcam can send to the guest in one buffer. The default is used by some webcams. Higher values can
2637	slightly reduce CPU load, if the guest is able to use larger buffers.
2638	Note that higher MaxPayloadTransferSize values may be not supported by some guest operating systems.</para>
2639	</listitem>
2640
2641	<listitem>
2642	<para><computeroutput>webcam
2643	detach <path\|alias></computeroutput>: This operation
2644	detaches a webcam from a running VM. Specify the absolute path of the
2645	webcam on the host, or use its alias (obtained from webcam list below).</para>
2646	<para>Note the points below relating to specific Host Operating Systems:</para>
2647
2648	<para>Windows hosts</para>
2649
2650	<para>When the webcam device is detached from the host, the emulated webcam device
2651	is automatically detached from the guest.</para>
2652
2653	<para>Mac OS X hosts</para>
2654
2655	<para>OS X version 10.7 or newer is required.</para>
2656
2657	<para>When the webcam device is detached from the host, the emulated webcam device remains
2658	attached to the guest and must be manually detached using the
2659	VBoxManage controlvm "VM name" webcam detach command.</para>
2660
2661	<para>Linux hosts</para>
2662
2663	<para>When the webcam is detached from the host, the emulated webcam device is automatically detached
2664	from the guest only if the webcam is streaming video. If the emulated webcam is inactive, it
2665	should be manually detached using the VBoxManage controlvm "VM name" webcam detach command.</para>
2666	</listitem>
2667
2668	<listitem>
2669	<para><computeroutput>webcam list</computeroutput>: This operation
2670	lists webcams attached to the running VM.
2671	The output is a list of absolute paths or aliases that were used for attaching the webcams
2672	to the VM using the 'webcam attach' command above.
2673	</para>
2674	</listitem>
2675
2676	<listitem>
2677	<para><computeroutput>addencpassword
2678	<id> <password file>\|- [--removeonsuspend <yes\|no>]</computeroutput>: This operation
2679	supplies an encrypted VM specified by <id> with the encryption password to enable a headless start.
2680	Either specify the absolute path of a password file on the host file system: <password file>, or
2681	use a '-' to instruct VBoxManage to prompt the user for the encryption password. </para>
2682
2683	<para><computeroutput>--removeonsuspend <yes\|no></computeroutput> specifies whether to remove/keep
2684	the password from/in VM memory when the VM is suspended. If the VM has been suspended and the password has
2685	been removed, the user needs to resupply the password before the VM can be resumed. This feature is useful
2686	in cases where the user doesn't want the password to be stored in VM memory, and the VM is suspended by a
2687	host suspend event.</para>
2688
2689	<para>Note: On VirtualBox versions 5.0 and later, data stored on hard disk images can be transparently
2690	encrypted for the guest. VirtualBox uses the AES algorithm in XTS mode and supports 128 or 256
2691	bit data encryption keys (DEK). The DEK is stored encrypted in the medium properties, and is
2692	decrypted during VM startup by supplying the encryption password.</para>
2693
2694	<para>The "VBoxManage encryptmedium" operation is used to create a DEK encrypted medium.
2695	See <xref linkend="diskencryption-encryption" />" for details.
2696	When starting an encrypted VM from a VirtualBox GUI app, the user will be prompted for the
2697	encryption password.</para>
2698
2699	<para>For a headless encrypted VM start, use:</para>
2700
2701	<para>VBoxManage startvm "vmname" --type headless</para>
2702
2703	<para>followed by:</para>
2704
2705	<para>VBoxManage "vmname" controlvm "vmname" addencpassword ...</para>
2706
2707	<para>to supply the encryption password required.</para>
2708	</listitem>
2709
2710	<listitem>
2711	<para><computeroutput>removeencpassword <id></computeroutput>: This operation
2712	removes encryption password authorization for password <id> for all encrypted media
2713	attached to the VM.</para>
2714	</listitem>
2715
2716	<listitem>
2717	<para><computeroutput>removeallencpasswords</computeroutput>: This operation
2718	removes encryption password authorization for all passwords for all
2719	encrypted media attached to the VM.</para>
2720	</listitem>
2721
2722	</itemizedlist>
2723	</sect1>
2724
2725	<sect1>
2726	<title>VBoxManage discardstate</title>
2727
2728	<para>This command discards the saved state of a virtual machine which is
2729	not currently running, which will cause its operating system to restart
2730	next time you start it. This is the equivalent of pulling out the power
2731	cable on a physical machine, and should be avoided if possible.</para>
2732	</sect1>
2733
2734	<sect1>
2735	<title>VBoxManage adoptstate</title>
2736
2737	<para>If you have a saved state file (<computeroutput>.sav</computeroutput>)
2738	that is separate from the VM configuration, you can use this command to
2739	"adopt" the file. This will change the VM to saved state and when you
2740	start it, VirtualBox will attempt to restore it from the saved state file
2741	you indicated. This command should only be used in special setups.</para>
2742	</sect1>
2743
2744	<sect1>
2745	<title>VBoxManage snapshot</title>
2746
2747	<para>This command is used to control snapshots from the command line. A
2748	snapshot consists of a complete copy of the virtual machine settings,
2749	copied at the time when the snapshot was taken, and optionally a virtual
2750	machine saved state file if the snapshot was taken while the machine was
2751	running. After a snapshot has been taken, VirtualBox creates differencing
2752	hard disk for each normal hard disk associated with the machine so that
2753	when a snapshot is restored, the contents of the virtual machine's virtual
2754	hard disks can be quickly reset by simply dropping the pre-existing
2755	differencing files.</para>
2756
2757	<screen>VBoxManage snapshot <uuid\|vmname>
2758	take <name> [--description <desc>] [--live]
2759	[--uniquename Number,Timestamp,Space,Force] \|
2760	delete <uuid\|snapname> \|
2761	restore <uuid\|snapname> \|
2762	restorecurrent \|
2763	edit <uuid\|snapname>\|--current
2764	[--name <name>]
2765	[--description <desc>] \|
2766	list [--details\|--machinereadable]
2767	showvminfo <uuid\|snapname></screen>
2768
2769	<para>The <computeroutput>take</computeroutput> operation takes a snapshot
2770	of the current state of the virtual machine. You must supply a name for
2771	the snapshot and can optionally supply a description. The new snapshot is
2772	inserted into the snapshots tree as a child of the current snapshot and
2773	then becomes the new current snapshot. The
2774	<computeroutput>--description</computeroutput> parameter allows to
2775	describe the snapshot. If <computeroutput>--live</computeroutput>
2776	is specified, the VM will not be stopped during the snapshot creation
2777	(live snapshotting).</para>
2778
2779	<para>The <computeroutput>delete</computeroutput> operation deletes a
2780	snapshot (specified by name or by UUID). This can take a while to finish
2781	since the differencing images associated with the snapshot might need to
2782	be merged with their child differencing images.</para>
2783
2784	<para>The <computeroutput>restore</computeroutput> operation will restore
2785	the given snapshot (specified by name or by UUID) by resetting the virtual
2786	machine's settings and current state to that of the snapshot. The previous
2787	current state of the machine will be lost. After this, the given snapshot
2788	becomes the new "current" snapshot so that subsequent snapshots are
2789	inserted under the snapshot from which was restored.</para>
2790
2791	<para>The <computeroutput>restorecurrent</computeroutput> operation is a
2792	shortcut to restore the current snapshot (i.e. the snapshot from which the
2793	current state is derived). This subcommand is equivalent to using the
2794	"restore" subcommand with the name or UUID of the current snapshot, except
2795	that it avoids the extra step of determining that name or UUID.</para>
2796
2797	<para>With the <computeroutput>edit</computeroutput> operation, you can
2798	change the name or description of an existing snapshot.</para>
2799
2800	<para>The <computeroutput>list</computeroutput> operation shows all
2801	snapshots of a virtual machine.</para>
2802
2803	<para>With the <computeroutput>showvminfo</computeroutput> operation, you
2804	can view the virtual machine settings that were stored with an existing
2805	snapshot.</para>
2806	</sect1>
2807
2808	<sect1 id="vboxmanage-closemedium">
2809	<title>VBoxManage closemedium</title>
2810
2811	<para>This commands removes a hard disk, DVD or floppy image from a
2812	VirtualBox media registry.<footnote>
2813	<para>Before VirtualBox 4.0, it was necessary to call VBoxManage
2814	openmedium before a medium could be attached to a virtual machine;
2815	that call "registered" the medium with the global VirtualBox media
2816	registry. With VirtualBox 4.0 this is no longer necessary; media are
2817	added to media registries automatically. The "closemedium" call has
2818	been retained, however, to allow for explicitly removing a medium from
2819	a registry.</para>
2820	</footnote></para>
2821
2822	<screen>VBoxManage closemedium [disk\|dvd\|floppy] <uuid\|filename>
2823	[--delete]</screen>
2824
2825	<para>Optionally, you can request that the image be deleted. You will get
2826	appropriate diagnostics that the deletion failed, however the image will
2827	become unregistered in any case.</para>
2828	</sect1>
2829
2830	<sect1 id="vboxmanage-storageattach">
2831	<title>VBoxManage storageattach</title>
2832
2833	<para>This command attaches/modifies/removes a storage medium connected to
2834	a storage controller that was previously added with the
2835	<computeroutput>storagectl</computeroutput> command (see the previous
2836	section). The syntax is as follows:</para>
2837
2838	<screen>VBoxManage storageattach <uuid\|vmname>
2839	--storagectl <name>
2840	[--port <number>]
2841	[--device <number>]
2842	[--type dvddrive\|hdd\|fdd]
2843	[--medium none\|emptydrive\|additions\|
2844	<uuid>\|<filename>\|host:<drive>\|iscsi]
2845	[--mtype normal\|writethrough\|immutable\|shareable
2846	readonly\|multiattach]
2847	[--comment <text>]
2848	[--setuuid <uuid>]
2849	[--setparentuuid <uuid>]
2850	[--passthrough on\|off]
2851	[--tempeject on\|off]
2852	[--nonrotational on\|off]
2853	[--discard on\|off]
2854	[--hotpluggable on\|off]
2855	[--bandwidthgroup name\|none]
2856	[--forceunmount]
2857	[--server <name>\|<ip>]
2858	[--target <target>]
2859	[--tport <port>]
2860	[--lun <lun>]
2861	[--encodedlun <lun>]
2862	[--username <username>]
2863	[--password <password>]
2864	[--passwordfile <file>]
2865	[--initiator <initiator>]
2866	[--intnet]</screen>
2867
2868	<para>A number of parameters are commonly required; the ones at the end of
2869	the list are required only for iSCSI targets (see below).</para>
2870
2871	<para>The common parameters are:<glosslist>
2872	<glossentry>
2873	<glossterm><computeroutput>uuid\|vmname</computeroutput></glossterm>
2874
2875	<glossdef>
2876	<para>The VM UUID or VM Name. Mandatory.</para>
2877	</glossdef>
2878	</glossentry>
2879
2880	<glossentry>
2881	<glossterm><computeroutput>--storagectl</computeroutput></glossterm>
2882
2883	<glossdef>
2884	<para>Name of the storage controller. Mandatory. The list of the
2885	storage controllers currently attached to a VM can be obtained
2886	with <computeroutput>VBoxManage showvminfo</computeroutput>; see
2887	<xref linkend="vboxmanage-showvminfo" />.</para>
2888	</glossdef>
2889	</glossentry>
2890
2891	<glossentry>
2892	<glossterm><computeroutput>--port</computeroutput></glossterm>
2893
2894	<glossdef>
2895	<para>The number of the storage controller's port which is to be
2896	modified. Mandatory, unless the storage controller has only a
2897	single port.</para>
2898	</glossdef>
2899	</glossentry>
2900
2901	<glossentry>
2902	<glossterm><computeroutput>--device</computeroutput></glossterm>
2903
2904	<glossdef>
2905	<para>The number of the port's device which is to be modified.
2906	Mandatory, unless the storage controller has only a single device
2907	per port.</para>
2908	</glossdef>
2909	</glossentry>
2910
2911	<glossentry>
2912	<glossterm><computeroutput>--type</computeroutput></glossterm>
2913
2914	<glossdef>
2915	<para>Define the type of the drive to which the medium is being
2916	attached/detached/modified. This argument can only be omitted if
2917	the type of medium can be determined from either the medium given
2918	with the <computeroutput>--medium</computeroutput> argument or
2919	from a previous medium attachment.</para>
2920	</glossdef>
2921	</glossentry>
2922
2923	<glossentry>
2924	<glossterm><computeroutput>--medium</computeroutput></glossterm>
2925
2926	<glossdef>
2927	<para>Specifies what is to be attached. The following values are
2928	supported:<itemizedlist>
2929	<listitem>
2930	<para>"none": Any existing device should be removed from the
2931	given slot.</para>
2932	</listitem>
2933
2934	<listitem>
2935	<para>"emptydrive": For a virtual DVD or floppy drive only,
2936	this makes the device slot behaves like a removeable drive
2937	into which no media has been inserted.</para>
2938	</listitem>
2939
2940	<listitem>
2941	<para>"additions": For a virtual DVD drive only, this
2942	attaches the <emphasis>VirtualBox Guest Additions</emphasis>
2943	image to the given device slot.</para>
2944	</listitem>
2945
2946	<listitem>
2947	<para>If a UUID is specified, it must be the UUID of a
2948	storage medium that is already known to VirtualBox (e.g.
2949	because it has been attached to another virtual machine).
2950	See <xref linkend="vboxmanage-list" /> for how to list known
2951	media. This medium is then attached to the given device
2952	slot.</para>
2953	</listitem>
2954
2955	<listitem>
2956	<para>If a filename is specified, it must be the full path
2957	of an existing disk image (ISO, RAW, VDI, VMDK or other),
2958	which is then attached to the given device slot.</para>
2959	</listitem>
2960
2961	<listitem>
2962	<para>"host:<drive>": For a virtual DVD or floppy
2963	drive only, this connects the given device slot to the
2964	specified DVD or floppy drive on the host computer.</para>
2965	</listitem>
2966
2967	<listitem>
2968	<para>"iscsi": For virtual hard disks only, this allows for
2969	specifying an iSCSI target. In this case, more parameters
2970	must be given; see below.</para>
2971	</listitem>
2972	</itemizedlist></para>
2973
2974	<para>Some of the above changes, in particular for removeable
2975	media (floppies and CDs/DVDs), can be effected while a VM is
2976	running. Others (device changes or changes in hard disk device
2977	slots) require the VM to be powered off.</para>
2978	</glossdef>
2979	</glossentry>
2980
2981	<glossentry>
2982	<glossterm><computeroutput>--mtype</computeroutput></glossterm>
2983
2984	<glossdef>
2985	<para>Defines how this medium behaves with respect to snapshots
2986	and write operations. See <xref linkend="hdimagewrites" /> for
2987	details.</para>
2988	</glossdef>
2989	</glossentry>
2990
2991	<glossentry>
2992	<glossterm><computeroutput>--comment</computeroutput></glossterm>
2993
2994	<glossdef>
2995	<para>Any description that you want to have stored with this
2996	medium (optional; for example, for an iSCSI target, "Big storage
2997	server downstairs"). This is purely descriptive and not needed for
2998	the medium to function correctly.</para>
2999	</glossdef>
3000	</glossentry>
3001
3002	<glossentry>
3003	<glossterm><computeroutput>--setuuid, --setparentuuid</computeroutput></glossterm>
3004
3005	<glossdef>
3006	<para>Modifies the UUID or parent UUID of a medium before
3007	attaching it to a VM. This is an expert option. Inappropriate use
3008	can make the medium unusable or lead to broken VM configurations
3009	if any other VM is referring to the same media already. The most
3010	frequently used variant is <code>--setuuid ""</code>, which assigns
3011	a new (random) UUID to an image. This is useful to resolve the
3012	duplicate UUID errors if one duplicated an image using file copy
3013	utilities.</para>
3014	</glossdef>
3015	</glossentry>
3016
3017	<glossentry>
3018	<glossterm><computeroutput>--passthrough</computeroutput></glossterm>
3019
3020	<glossdef>
3021	<para>For a virtual DVD drive only, you can enable DVD writing
3022	support (currently experimental; see <xref
3023	linkend="storage-cds" />).</para>
3024	</glossdef>
3025	</glossentry>
3026
3027	<glossentry>
3028	<glossterm><computeroutput>--tempeject</computeroutput></glossterm>
3029
3030	<glossdef>
3031	<para>For a virtual DVD drive only, you can configure the behavior
3032	for guest-triggered medium eject. If this is set to "on", the eject
3033	has only temporary effects. If the VM is powered off and restarted
3034	the originally configured medium will be still in the drive.</para>
3035	</glossdef>
3036	</glossentry>
3037
3038	<glossentry>
3039	<glossterm><computeroutput>--nonrotational</computeroutput></glossterm>
3040
3041	<glossdef>
3042	<para>This switch allows to enable the non-rotational flag for virtual
3043	hard disks. Some guests (i.e. Windows 7+) treat such disks like SSDs
3044	and don't perform disk fragmentation on such media.</para>
3045	</glossdef>
3046	</glossentry>
3047
3048	<glossentry>
3049	<glossterm><computeroutput>--discard</computeroutput></glossterm>
3050	<glossdef>
3051	<para>This switch enables the auto-discard feature for the virtual
3052	hard disks. This specifies that a VDI image will be shrunk in response
3053	to the trim command from the guest OS. The following requirements
3054	must be met:
3055
3056	<itemizedlist>
3057	<listitem>
3058	<para>The disk format must be VDI.</para>
3059	</listitem>
3060	<listitem>
3061	<para>The size of the cleared area must be at least 1MB.</para>
3062	</listitem>
3063	<listitem>
3064	<para>VirtualBox will only trim whole 1MB blocks. The VDIs themselves are organized
3065	into 1MB blocks, so this will only work if the space being TRIM-ed is at least
3066	a 1MB contiguous block at a 1MB boundary. On Windows, occasional defrag (with "defrag.exe /D"),
3067	or under Linux running "btrfs filesystem defrag" as a background cron job may be
3068	beneficial.</para>
3069	</listitem>
3070	</itemizedlist></para>
3071
3072	<para>Notes: the Guest OS must be configured to issue trim command, and typically this
3073	means that the guest OS is made to 'see' the disk as an SSD. Ext4 supports -o discard mount flag;
3074	OSX probably requires additional settings. Windows ought to automatically detect and
3075	support SSDs - at least in versions 7, 8 and 10. Linux exFAT driver (courtesy of Samsung)
3076	supports the trim command.</para>
3077	<para>It is unclear whether Microsoft's implementation of exFAT supports this feature, even
3078	though that file system was originally designed for flash.</para>
3079	<para>Alternatively, there are ad hoc methods to issue trim, e.g. Linux fstrim command,
3080	part of util-linux package. Earlier solutions required a user to zero out unused areas,
3081	e.g. using zerofree, and explicitly compact the disk - only possible when the VM is
3082	offline.</para>
3083	</glossdef>
3084	</glossentry>
3085
3086	<glossentry>
3087	<glossterm><computeroutput>--bandwidthgroup</computeroutput></glossterm>
3088
3089	<glossdef>
3090	<para>Sets the bandwidth group to use for the given device; see
3091	<xref linkend="storage-bandwidth-limit" />.</para>
3092	</glossdef>
3093	</glossentry>
3094
3095	<glossentry>
3096	<glossterm><computeroutput>--forceunmount</computeroutput></glossterm>
3097
3098	<glossdef>
3099	<para>For a virtual DVD or floppy drive only, this forcibly
3100	unmounts the DVD/CD/Floppy or mounts a new DVD/CD/Floppy even if
3101	the previous one is locked down by the guest for reading. Again,
3102	see <xref linkend="storage-cds" /> for details.</para>
3103	</glossdef>
3104	</glossentry>
3105	</glosslist></para>
3106
3107	<para>When "iscsi" is used with the
3108	<computeroutput>--medium</computeroutput> parameter for iSCSI support --
3109	see <xref linkend="storage-iscsi" /> --, additional parameters must or can
3110	be used:<glosslist>
3111	<glossentry>
3112	<glossterm><computeroutput>--server</computeroutput></glossterm>
3113
3114	<glossdef>
3115	<para>The host name or IP address of the iSCSI target;
3116	required.</para>
3117	</glossdef>
3118	</glossentry>
3119
3120	<glossentry>
3121	<glossterm><computeroutput>--target</computeroutput></glossterm>
3122
3123	<glossdef>
3124	<para>Target name string. This is determined by the iSCSI target
3125	and used to identify the storage resource; required.</para>
3126	</glossdef>
3127	</glossentry>
3128
3129	<glossentry>
3130	<glossterm><computeroutput>--tport</computeroutput></glossterm>
3131
3132	<glossdef>
3133	<para>TCP/IP port number of the iSCSI service on the target.
3134	Optional.</para>
3135	</glossdef>
3136	</glossentry>
3137
3138	<glossentry>
3139	<glossterm><computeroutput>--lun</computeroutput></glossterm>
3140
3141	<glossdef>
3142	<para>Logical Unit Number of the target resource. Optional.
3143	Often, this value is zero.</para>
3144	</glossdef>
3145	</glossentry>
3146
3147	<glossentry>
3148	<glossterm><computeroutput>--encodedlun</computeroutput></glossterm>
3149
3150	<glossdef>
3151	<para>Hex encoded Logical Unit Number of the target resource. Optional.
3152	Often, this value is zero.</para>
3153	</glossdef>
3154	</glossentry>
3155
3156	<glossentry>
3157	<glossterm><computeroutput>--username, --password, --passwordfile</computeroutput></glossterm>
3158
3159	<glossdef>
3160	<para>Username and password (initiator secret) for target
3161	authentication, if required. Optional.<note>
3162	<para>Username and password are stored without
3163	encryption (i.e. in clear text) in the XML machine
3164	configuration file if no settings password is provided.
3165	When a settings password was specified the first time,
3166	the password is stored encrypted. Alternatively to providing the password
3167	on the command line, a reference to a file containing the text
3168	can be provided instead via the passwordfile option.</para>
3169	</note></para>
3170	</glossdef>
3171	</glossentry>
3172
3173	<glossentry>
3174	<glossterm><computeroutput>--initiator</computeroutput></glossterm>
3175
3176	<glossdef>
3177	<para>iSCSI Initiator (optional). Note:</para>
3178
3179	<para>Microsoft iSCSI Initiator is a system, such as a server that attaches to an IP network and initiates requests and receives responses
3180	from an iSCSI target. The SAN components in Microsoft iSCSI Initiator are largely analogous to Fibre Channel SAN components, and
3181	they include the following:/</para>
3182
3183	<para>To transport blocks of iSCSI commands over the IP network, an iSCSI driver must be installed on the iSCSI host.
3184	An iSCSI driver is included with Microsoft iSCSI Initiator.</para>
3185
3186	<para>A gigabit Ethernet adapter that transmits 1000 megabits per second (Mbps) is recommended for the connection to an iSCSI target. Like
3187	standard 10/100 adapters, most gigabit adapters use a pre-existing Category 5 or Category 6E cable. Each port on the adapter is
3188	identified by a unique IP address.</para>
3189
3190	<para>An iSCSI target is any device that receives iSCSI commands. The device can be an end node, such as a storage device, or it can be an
3191	intermediate device, such as a network bridge between IP and Fibre Channel devices. Each port on the storage array controller or network
3192	bridge is identified by one or more IP addresses</para>
3193	</glossdef>
3194	</glossentry>
3195
3196	<glossentry>
3197	<glossterm><computeroutput>--intnet</computeroutput></glossterm>
3198
3199	<glossdef>
3200	<para>If specified, connect to the iSCSI target via Internal
3201	Networking. This needs further configuration which is described in
3202	<xref linkend="iscsi-intnet" />.</para>
3203	</glossdef>
3204	</glossentry>
3205	</glosslist></para>
3206	</sect1>
3207
3208	<sect1 id="vboxmanage-storagectl">
3209	<title>VBoxManage storagectl</title>
3210
3211	<para>This command attaches/modifies/removes a storage controller. After
3212	this, virtual media can be attached to the controller with the
3213	<computeroutput>storageattach</computeroutput> command (see the next
3214	section).</para>
3215
3216	<para>The syntax is as follows:</para>
3217
3218	<screen>VBoxManage storagectl <uuid\|vmname>
3219	--name <name>
3220	[--add ide\|sata\|scsi\|floppy\|sas\|usb\|pcie]
3221	[--controller LSILogic\|LSILogicSAS\|BusLogic\|
3222	IntelAhci\|PIIX3\|PIIX4\|ICH6\|I82078\|
3223	USB\|NVMe]
3224	[--portcount <1-30>]
3225	[--hostiocache on\|off]
3226	[--bootable on\|off]
3227	[--rename <name>]
3228	[--remove]</screen>
3229
3230	<para>where the parameters mean: <glosslist>
3231	<glossentry>
3232	<glossterm><computeroutput>uuid\|vmname</computeroutput></glossterm>
3233
3234	<glossdef>
3235	<para>The VM UUID or VM Name. Mandatory.</para>
3236	</glossdef>
3237	</glossentry>
3238
3239	<glossentry>
3240	<glossterm><computeroutput>--name</computeroutput></glossterm>
3241
3242	<glossdef>
3243	<para>Specifies the name of the storage controller. Mandatory.</para>
3244	</glossdef>
3245	</glossentry>
3246
3247	<glossentry>
3248	<glossterm><computeroutput>--add</computeroutput></glossterm>
3249
3250	<glossdef>
3251	<para>Specifies the type of the system bus to which the storage
3252	controller must be connected.</para>
3253	</glossdef>
3254	</glossentry>
3255
3256	<glossentry>
3257	<glossterm><computeroutput>--controller</computeroutput></glossterm>
3258
3259	<glossdef>
3260	<para>Enables a choice of chipset type being emulated for the
3261	given storage controller.</para>
3262	</glossdef>
3263	</glossentry>
3264
3265	<glossentry>
3266	<glossterm><computeroutput>--portcount</computeroutput></glossterm>
3267
3268	<glossdef>
3269	<para>This specifies the number of ports the storage controller should
3270	support.</para>
3271	</glossdef>
3272	</glossentry>
3273
3274	<glossentry>
3275	<glossterm><computeroutput>--hostiocache</computeroutput></glossterm>
3276
3277	<glossdef>
3278	<para>Configures the use of the host I/O cache for all disk images
3279	attached to this storage controller. For details, please see <xref
3280	linkend="iocaching" />.</para>
3281	</glossdef>
3282	</glossentry>
3283
3284	<glossentry>
3285	<glossterm><computeroutput>--bootable</computeroutput></glossterm>
3286
3287	<glossdef>
3288	<para>Specifies whether this controller is bootable.</para>
3289	</glossdef>
3290	</glossentry>
3291
3292	<glossentry>
3293	<glossterm><computeroutput>--rename</computeroutput></glossterm>
3294
3295	<glossdef>
3296	<para>Specifies a new name for the storage controller.</para>
3297	</glossdef>
3298	</glossentry>
3299
3300	<glossentry>
3301	<glossterm><computeroutput>--remove</computeroutput></glossterm>
3302
3303	<glossdef>
3304	<para>Removes the storage controller from the VM config.</para>
3305	</glossdef>
3306	</glossentry>
3307	</glosslist></para>
3308	</sect1>
3309
3310	<sect1>
3311	<title>VBoxManage bandwidthctl</title>
3312
3313	<para>This command creates/deletes/modifies/shows bandwidth groups of the given
3314	virtual machine:
3315	<screen>VBoxManage bandwidthctl <uuid\|vmname>
3316	add <name> --type disk\|network --limit <megabytes per second>[k\|m\|g\|K\|M\|G] \|
3317	set <name> --limit <megabytes per second>[k\|m\|g\|K\|M\|G] \|
3318	remove <name> \|
3319	list [--machinereadable]</screen></para>
3320
3321	<para>The following subcommands are available:<itemizedlist>
3322	<listitem>
3323	<para><computeroutput>add</computeroutput>, creates a new bandwidth
3324	group of a given type.</para>
3325	</listitem>
3326	<listitem>
3327	<para><computeroutput>set</computeroutput>, modifies the limit for an
3328	existing bandwidth group.</para>
3329	</listitem>
3330	<listitem>
3331	<para><computeroutput>remove</computeroutput>, destroys a bandwidth
3332	group.</para>
3333	</listitem>
3334	<listitem>
3335	<para><computeroutput>list</computeroutput>, shows all bandwidth groups
3336	defined for the given VM. Use the <computeroutput>--machinereadable</computeroutput>
3337	option to produce the same output, but in machine readable format. This is of the
3338	form: name="value" on a line by line basis.</para>
3339	</listitem>
3340	</itemizedlist>
3341	</para>
3342	<para>The parameters mean:<glosslist>
3343	<glossentry>
3344	<glossterm><computeroutput>uuid\|vmname</computeroutput></glossterm>
3345
3346	<glossdef>
3347	<para>The VM UUID or VM Name. Mandatory.</para>
3348	</glossdef>
3349	</glossentry>
3350
3351	<glossentry>
3352	<glossterm><computeroutput>--name</computeroutput></glossterm>
3353
3354	<glossdef>
3355	<para>Name of the bandwidth group. Mandatory.</para>
3356	</glossdef>
3357	</glossentry>
3358
3359	<glossentry>
3360	<glossterm><computeroutput>--type</computeroutput></glossterm>
3361
3362	<glossdef>
3363	<para>Type of the bandwidth group. Mandatory. Two types are
3364	supported: <computeroutput>disk</computeroutput> and
3365	<computeroutput>network</computeroutput>. See
3366	<xref linkend="storage-bandwidth-limit" /> or
3367	<xref linkend="network_bandwidth_limit" /> for the description of a
3368	particular type.</para>
3369	</glossdef>
3370	</glossentry>
3371
3372	<glossentry>
3373	<glossterm><computeroutput>--limit</computeroutput></glossterm>
3374
3375	<glossdef>
3376	<para>Specifies the limit for the given bandwidth group. This can be changed
3377	while the VM is running. The default unit is megabytes per
3378	second. The unit can be changed by specifying one of the
3379	following suffixes: <computeroutput>k</computeroutput> for kilobits/s,
3380	<computeroutput>m</computeroutput> for megabits/s,
3381	<computeroutput>g</computeroutput> for gigabits/s,
3382	<computeroutput>K</computeroutput> for kilobytes/s,
3383	<computeroutput>M</computeroutput> for megabytes/s,
3384	<computeroutput>G</computeroutput> for gigabytes/s.</para>
3385	</glossdef>
3386	</glossentry>
3387	</glosslist>
3388	<note>
3389	<para>The network bandwidth limits apply only to the traffic being sent by
3390	virtual machines. The traffic being received by VMs is unlimited.</para>
3391	</note>
3392	<note>
3393	<para>To remove a bandwidth group it must not be referenced by any disks
3394	or adapters in the running VM.</para>
3395	</note>
3396	</para>
3397	</sect1>
3398
3399	<sect1>
3400	<title>VBoxManage showmediuminfo</title>
3401
3402	<para>This command shows information about a medium,
3403	notably its size, its size on disk, its type and the virtual machines
3404	which use it.<note>
3405	<para>For compatibility with earlier versions of VirtualBox, the
3406	"showvdiinfo" command is also supported and mapped internally to the
3407	"showmediuminfo" command.</para>
3408	</note></para>
3409
3410	<screen>VBoxManage showmediuminfo [disk\|dvd\|floppy] <uuid\|filename></screen>
3411
3412	<para>The medium must be specified either by its UUID (if the medium
3413	is registered) or by its filename. Registered images can be listed by
3414	<computeroutput>VBoxManage list hdds</computeroutput>,
3415	<computeroutput>VBoxManage list dvds</computeroutput>,
3416	or <computeroutput>VBoxManage list floppies</computeroutput>, as appropriate.
3417	(see <xref linkend="vboxmanage-list" />
3418	for more information).</para>
3419	</sect1>
3420
3421	<sect1 id="vboxmanage-createmedium">
3422	<title>VBoxManage createmedium</title>
3423
3424	<para>This command creates a new medium. The syntax is as follows:</para>
3425
3426	<screen>VBoxManage createmedium [disk\|dvd\|floppy] --filename <filename>
3427	[--size <megabytes>\|--sizebyte <bytes>]
3428	[--diffparent <uuid>\|<filename>
3429	[--format VDI\|VMDK\|VHD] (default: VDI)
3430	[--variant Standard,Fixed,Split2G,Stream,ESX]</screen>
3431
3432	<para>where the parameters mean:<glosslist>
3433	<glossentry>
3434	<glossterm><computeroutput>--filename <filename></computeroutput></glossterm>
3435
3436	<glossdef>
3437	<para>Specifies a file name <filename> as an absolute path on the host file
3438	system. Mandatory.</para>
3439	</glossdef>
3440	</glossentry>
3441
3442	<glossentry>
3443	<glossterm><computeroutput>--size <megabytes></computeroutput></glossterm>
3444
3445	<glossdef>
3446	<para><megabytes> Specifies the image capacity, in 1 MB units.
3447	Optional.</para>
3448	</glossdef>
3449	</glossentry>
3450
3451	<glossentry>
3452	<glossterm><computeroutput>--diffparent <uuid>\|<filename></computeroutput></glossterm>
3453
3454	<glossdef>
3455	<para>Specifies the differencing image parent, either as a UUID or
3456	by the absolute pathname of the file on the host file system.
3457	Useful for sharing a base box disk image among several VMs.</para>
3458	</glossdef>
3459	</glossentry>
3460
3461	<glossentry>
3462	<glossterm><computeroutput>--format VDI\|VMDK\|VHD</computeroutput></glossterm>
3463
3464	<glossdef>
3465	<para>Specifies the file format for the output file. Available
3466	options are VDI, VMDK, VHD. Default is VDI. Optional. </para>
3467	</glossdef>
3468	</glossentry>
3469
3470	<glossentry>
3471	<glossterm><computeroutput>--variant Standard,Fixed,Split2G,Stream,ESX</computeroutput></glossterm>
3472
3473	<glossdef>
3474	<para>Specifies any required file format variant(s) for the output file. It is a
3475	comma-separated list of variant flags. Not all combinations are supported, and specifying
3476	mutually incompatible flags results in an error message. Optional.</para>
3477	</glossdef>
3478	</glossentry>
3479	</glosslist> <note>
3480	<para>For compatibility with earlier versions of VirtualBox, the "createvdi" and "createhd" commands
3481	are also supported and mapped internally to the "createmedium" command.</para>
3482	</note></para>
3483	</sect1>
3484
3485	<sect1 id="vboxmanage-modifyvdi">
3486	<title>VBoxManage modifymedium</title>
3487
3488	<para>With the <computeroutput>modifymedium</computeroutput> command, you can
3489	change the characteristics of a disk image after it has been
3490	created:<screen>VBoxManage modifymedium [disk\|dvd\|floppy] <uuid\|filename>
3491	[--type normal\|writethrough\|immutable\|shareable\|
3492	readonly\|multiattach]
3493	[--autoreset on\|off]
3494	[--property <name=[value]>]
3495	[--compact]
3496	[--resize <megabytes>\|--resizebyte <bytes>]
3497	[--move <path></screen><note>
3498	<para>For compatibility with earlier versions of VirtualBox, the "modifyvdi" and "modifyhd"
3499	commands are also supported and mapped internally to the "modifymedium" command.</para>
3500	</note></para>
3501
3502	<para>The disk image to modify must be specified either by its UUID
3503	(if the medium is registered) or by its filename. Registered images
3504	can be listed by <computeroutput>VBoxManage list hdds</computeroutput>
3505	(see <xref linkend="vboxmanage-list" /> for more information).
3506	A filename must be specified as valid path, either as an absolute path
3507	or as a relative path starting from the current directory.</para>
3508	<para>The following options are available:<itemizedlist>
3509	<listitem>
3510	<para>With the <computeroutput>--type</computeroutput> argument, you
3511	can change the type of an existing image between the normal,
3512	immutable, write-through and other modes; see <xref
3513	linkend="hdimagewrites" /> for details.</para>
3514	</listitem>
3515
3516	<listitem>
3517	<para>For immutable (differencing) hard disks only, the
3518	<computeroutput>--autoreset on\|off</computeroutput> option
3519	determines whether the disk is automatically reset on every VM
3520	startup (again, see <xref linkend="hdimagewrites" />). The default
3521	is "on".</para>
3522	</listitem>
3523
3524	<listitem>
3525	<para>The <computeroutput>--compact</computeroutput> option
3526	can be used to compact disk images, i.e. remove blocks that only
3527	contains zeroes. This will shrink a dynamically allocated image
3528	again; it will reduce the <emphasis>physical</emphasis> size of the
3529	image without affecting the logical size of the virtual disk.
3530	Compaction works both for base images and for diff images created as
3531	part of a snapshot.</para>
3532
3533	<para>For this operation to be effective, it is required that free
3534	space in the guest system first be zeroed out using a suitable
3535	software tool. For Windows guests, you can use the
3536	<computeroutput>sdelete</computeroutput> tool provided by Microsoft.
3537	Execute <computeroutput>sdelete -z</computeroutput> in the guest to
3538	zero the free disk space before compressing the virtual disk
3539	image. For Linux, use the <code>zerofree</code> utility which
3540	supports ext2/ext3 filesystems. For Mac OS X guests, use the
3541	<code>diskutil secureErase freespace 0 /</code> command line
3542	from an elevated Terminal.</para>
3543
3544	<para>Please note that compacting is currently only available for
3545	VDI images. A similar effect can be achieved by zeroing out free
3546	blocks and then cloning the disk to any other dynamically allocated
3547	format. You can use this workaround until compacting is also
3548	supported for disk formats other than VDI.</para>
3549	</listitem>
3550
3551	<listitem>
3552	<para>The <computeroutput>--resize x</computeroutput> option (where x
3553	is the desired new total space in <emphasis role="bold">megabytes</emphasis>)
3554	allows you to change the capacity of an existing image; this adjusts the
3555	<emphasis>logical</emphasis> size of a virtual disk without affecting
3556	the physical size much.<footnote>
3557	<para>Image resizing was added with VirtualBox 4.0.</para>
3558	</footnote> This currently works only for VDI and VHD formats, and only
3559	for the dynamically allocated variants, and can only be used to expand
3560	(not shrink) the capacity.
3561	For example, if you originally created a 10G disk which is now full,
3562	you can use the <computeroutput>--resize 15360</computeroutput>
3563	command to change the capacity to 15G (15,360MB) without having to create a new
3564	image and copy all data from within a virtual machine. Note however that
3565	this only changes the drive capacity; you will typically next need to use
3566	a partition management tool inside the guest to adjust the main partition
3567	to fill the drive.</para><para>The <computeroutput>--resizebyte x</computeroutput>
3568	option does almost the same thing, except that x is expressed in bytes
3569	instead of megabytes.</para>
3570	</listitem>
3571
3572	<listitem>
3573	<para>The <computeroutput>--move <path></computeroutput> option
3574	can be used to relocate a medium to a different location <path> on the
3575	host file system. The path can be either relative to the current directory or
3576	absolute.</para>
3577	</listitem>
3578	</itemizedlist></para>
3579	</sect1>
3580
3581	<sect1 id="vboxmanage-clonevdi">
3582	<title>VBoxManage clonemedium</title>
3583
3584	<para>This command duplicates a virtual disk/DVD/floppy medium to a
3585	new medium (usually an image file) with a new unique identifier (UUID).
3586	The new image can be transferred to another host system or imported into
3587	VirtualBox again using the Virtual Media Manager; see <xref linkend="vdis" />
3588	and <xref linkend="cloningvdis" />. The syntax is as follows:</para>
3589
3590	<screen>VBoxManage clonemedium [disk\|dvd\|floppy] <uuid\|inputfile> <uuid\|outputfile>
3591
3592	[--format VDI\|VMDK\|VHD\|RAW\|<other>]
3593	[--variant Standard,Fixed,Split2G,Stream,ESX]
3594	[--existing]</screen>
3595
3596
3597	<para>The medium to clone as well as the target image must be described
3598	either by its UUIDs (if the mediums are registered) or by its filename.
3599	Registered images can be listed by <computeroutput>VBoxManage list hdds</computeroutput>
3600	(see <xref linkend="vboxmanage-list" /> for more information).
3601	A filename must be specified as valid path, either as an absolute path or
3602	as a relative path starting from the current directory.</para>
3603	<para>The following options are available:<glosslist>
3604	<glossentry>
3605	<glossterm><computeroutput>--format</computeroutput></glossterm>
3606
3607	<glossdef>
3608	<para>Allow to choose a file format for the output file different
3609	from the file format of the input file.</para>
3610	</glossdef>
3611	</glossentry>
3612
3613	<glossentry>
3614	<glossterm><computeroutput>--variant</computeroutput></glossterm>
3615
3616	<glossdef>
3617	<para>Allow to choose a file format variant for the output file.
3618	It is a comma-separated list of variant flags. Not all
3619	combinations are supported, and specifying inconsistent flags will
3620	result in an error message.</para>
3621	</glossdef>
3622	</glossentry>
3623
3624	<glossentry>
3625	<glossterm><computeroutput>--existing</computeroutput></glossterm>
3626
3627	<glossdef>
3628	<para>Perform the clone operation to an already existing
3629	destination medium. Only the portion of the source medium which
3630	fits into the destination medium is copied. This means if the
3631	destination medium is smaller than the source only a part of it is
3632	copied, and if the destination medium is larger than the source
3633	the remaining part of the destination medium is unchanged.</para>
3634	</glossdef>
3635	</glossentry>
3636	</glosslist> <note>
3637	<para>For compatibility with earlier versions of VirtualBox, the
3638	"clonevdi" and "clonehd" commands are still supported and mapped
3639	internally to the "clonehd disk" command.</para>
3640	</note></para>
3641	</sect1>
3642
3643	<sect1 id="vboxmanage-mediumproperty">
3644	<title>VBoxManage mediumproperty</title>
3645
3646	<para>This command sets up, gets or deletes a medium property.
3647	The syntax is as follows:</para>
3648
3649	<screen>VBoxManage mediumproperty [disk\|dvd\|floppy] set <uuid\|filename>
3650	<property> <value></screen>
3651
3652
3653	<para><itemizedlist>
3654	<listitem>
3655	<para>Use <computeroutput><disk\|dvd\|floppy></computeroutput> to optionally specify
3656	the type of medium: disk (hard drive), dvd or floppy.</para>
3657	</listitem>
3658
3659	<listitem>
3660	<para>Use <computeroutput><uuid\|filename></computeroutput> to supply either the uuid
3661	or absolute path of the medium/image to be encrypted.</para>
3662	</listitem>
3663
3664	<listitem>
3665	<para>Use <computeroutput><property></computeroutput> to supply the name of the
3666	property.</para>
3667	</listitem>
3668
3669	<listitem>
3670	<para>Use <computeroutput><value></computeroutput> to supply the property value.</para>
3671	</listitem>
3672	</itemizedlist></para>
3673
3674	<screen>VBoxManage mediumproperty [disk\|dvd\|floppy] get <uuid\|filename>
3675	<property></screen>
3676	<para><itemizedlist>
3677	<listitem>
3678	<para>Use <computeroutput><disk\|dvd\|floppy></computeroutput> to optionally specify
3679	the type of medium: disk (hard drive), dvd or floppy.</para>
3680	</listitem>
3681
3682	<listitem>
3683	<para>Use <computeroutput><uuid\|filename></computeroutput> to supply either the uuid
3684	or absolute path of the medium/image to be encrypted.</para>
3685	</listitem>
3686
3687	<listitem>
3688	<para>Use <computeroutput><property></computeroutput> to supply the name of the
3689	property.</para>
3690	</listitem>
3691	</itemizedlist></para>
3692
3693	<screen>VBoxManage mediumproperty [disk\|dvd\|floppy] delete <uuid\|filename>
3694	<property></screen>
3695
3696
3697	<para><itemizedlist>
3698	<listitem>
3699	<para>Use <computeroutput><disk\|dvd\|floppy></computeroutput> to optionally specify
3700	the type of medium: disk (hard drive), dvd or floppy.</para>
3701	</listitem>
3702
3703	<listitem>
3704	<para>Use <computeroutput><uuid\|filename></computeroutput> to supply either the uuid
3705	or absolute path of the medium/image.</para>
3706	</listitem>
3707
3708	<listitem>
3709	<para>Use <computeroutput><property></computeroutput> to supply the name of the
3710	property.</para>
3711	</listitem>
3712	</itemizedlist></para>
3713	</sect1>
3714
3715	<sect1 id="vboxmanage-encryptmedium">
3716	<title>VBoxManage encryptmedium</title>
3717
3718	<para>This command is used to create a DEK encrypted medium/image.
3719	See <xref linkend="diskencryption-encryption" />" for details.</para>
3720
3721	<para>The syntax is as follows:</para>
3722
3723	<screen>VBoxManage encryptmedium <uuid\|filename>
3724	[--newpassword <file\|->]
3725	[--oldpassword <file\|->]
3726	[--cipher <cipher id>]
3727	[--newpasswordid <password id>]</screen>
3728
3729	<para><itemizedlist>
3730	<listitem>
3731	<para>use <computeroutput><uuid\|filename></computeroutput> to supply the
3732	uuid or absolute path of the medium/image to be encrypted.</para>
3733	</listitem>
3734
3735	<listitem>
3736	<para>Use <computeroutput>--newpassword <file\|-></computeroutput> to supply a new
3737	encryption password; either specify the absolute pathname of a password file on the host operating system,
3738	or <computeroutput>-</computeroutput> to prompt you for the password on the command line.
3739	Always use the <computeroutput>--newpasswordid</computeroutput> option with this option.</para>
3740	</listitem>
3741
3742	<listitem>
3743	<para>use <computeroutput>--oldpassword <file\|-></computeroutput> to supply any old
3744	encryption password; either specify the absolute pathname of a password file on the host operating system,
3745	or <computeroutput>-</computeroutput> to prompt you for the old password on the command line.</para>
3746
3747	<para>Use this option to gain access to an encrypted medium/image to change its password using
3748	<computeroutput>--newpassword</computeroutput> and/or change its encryption using
3749	<computeroutput>--cipher</computeroutput>.</para>
3750	</listitem>
3751
3752	<listitem>
3753	<para>Use <computeroutput>--cipher <cipher></computeroutput> to specify the cipher to use for
3754	encryption; this can be either <computeroutput>AES-XTS128-PLAIN64</computeroutput> or
3755	<computeroutput>AES-AXTS256-PLAIN64</computeroutput>.</para>
3756
3757	<para>Use this option to change any existing encryption on the medium/image, or setup new encryption on
3758	it for the 1st time.</para>
3759	</listitem>
3760
3761	<listitem>
3762	<para>Use <computeroutput>--newpasswordid <password id></computeroutput> to supply the new password identifier.
3763	This can be freely chosen by the user, and is used for correct identification when supplying multiple
3764	passwords during VM startup.</para>
3765
3766	<para>If the user uses the same password when encrypting multiple images and also the same password identifier, the
3767	user needs to supply the password only once during VM startup.</para>
3768	</listitem>
3769	</itemizedlist></para>
3770
3771	</sect1>
3772
3773	<sect1 id="vboxmanage-checkmediumpwd">
3774
3775	<title>VBoxManage checkmediumpwd</title>
3776
3777	<para>This command is used to check the current encryption password on a DEK encrypted medium/image.
3778	See <xref linkend="diskencryption-encryption" />" for details.</para>
3779
3780	<para>The syntax is as follows:</para>
3781
3782	<screen>VBoxManage checkmediumpwd <uuid\|filename>
3783	<pwd file\|-></screen>
3784	<para><itemizedlist>
3785	<listitem>
3786	<para>Use <computeroutput><uuid\|filename></computeroutput> to supply the uuid or absolute path of the
3787	medium/image to be checked.</para>
3788	</listitem>
3789
3790	<listitem>
3791	<para>Use <computeroutput><pwd file\|-></computeroutput> to supply the password identifier to be checked. Either
3792	specify the absolute pathname of a password file on the host operating system, or <computeroutput>-</computeroutput> to
3793	prompt you for the password on the command line.</para>
3794	</listitem>
3795	</itemizedlist></para>
3796
3797	</sect1>
3798
3799	<sect1>
3800	<title>VBoxManage convertfromraw</title>
3801
3802	<para>This command converts a raw disk image to a VirtualBox Disk Image
3803	(VDI) file. The syntax is as follows:</para>
3804
3805	<screen>VBoxManage convertfromraw <filename> <outputfile>
3806	[--format VDI\|VMDK\|VHD]
3807	[--variant Standard,Fixed,Split2G,Stream,ESX]
3808	[--uuid <uuid>]
3809	VBoxManage convertfromraw stdin <outputfile> <bytes>
3810	[--format VDI\|VMDK\|VHD]
3811	[--variant Standard,Fixed,Split2G,Stream,ESX]
3812	[--uuid <uuid>]</screen>
3813
3814	<para>where the parameters mean:<glosslist>
3815	<glossentry>
3816	<glossterm><computeroutput>--bytes</computeroutput></glossterm>
3817
3818	<glossdef>
3819	<para>The size of the image file, in bytes, provided through
3820	stdin.</para>
3821	</glossdef>
3822	</glossentry>
3823
3824	<glossentry>
3825	<glossterm><computeroutput>--format</computeroutput></glossterm>
3826
3827	<glossdef>
3828	<para>Select the disk image format to create. Default is
3829	VDI. Other options are VMDK and VHD.</para>
3830	</glossdef>
3831	</glossentry>
3832
3833	<glossentry>
3834	<glossterm><computeroutput>--variant</computeroutput></glossterm>
3835
3836	<glossdef>
3837	<para>Allow to choose a file format variant for the output file.
3838	It is a comma-separated list of variant flags. Not all
3839	combinations are supported, and specifying inconsistent flags will
3840	result in an error message.</para>
3841	</glossdef>
3842	</glossentry>
3843
3844	<glossentry>
3845	<glossterm><computeroutput>--uuid</computeroutput></glossterm>
3846
3847	<glossdef>
3848	<para>Allow to specifiy the UUID of the output file.</para>
3849	</glossdef>
3850	</glossentry>
3851	</glosslist> The second form forces VBoxManage to read the content for
3852	the disk image from standard input (useful for using that command in a
3853	pipe).</para>
3854
3855	<para><note>
3856	<para>For compatibility with earlier versions of VirtualBox, the
3857	"convertdd" command is also supported and mapped internally to the
3858	"convertfromraw" command.</para>
3859	</note></para>
3860	</sect1>
3861
3862	<sect1>
3863	<title>VBoxManage getextradata/setextradata</title>
3864
3865	<para>These commands let you attach and retrieve string data to a virtual
3866	machine or to a VirtualBox configuration (by specifying
3867	<computeroutput>global</computeroutput> instead of a virtual machine
3868	name). You must specify a key (as a text string) to associate the data
3869	with, which you can later use to retrieve it. For example:</para>
3870
3871	<screen>VBoxManage setextradata Fedora5 installdate 2006.01.01
3872	VBoxManage setextradata SUSE10 installdate 2006.02.02</screen>
3873
3874	<para>would associate the string "2006.01.01" with the key installdate for
3875	the virtual machine Fedora5, and "2006.02.02" on the machine SUSE10. You
3876	could retrieve the information as follows:</para>
3877
3878	<screen>VBoxManage getextradata Fedora5 installdate</screen>
3879
3880	<para>which would return</para>
3881
3882	<screen>VirtualBox Command Line Management Interface Version @VBOX_VERSION_MAJOR@.@VBOX_VERSION_MINOR@.@VBOX_VERSION_BUILD@
3883	(C) 2005-@VBOX_C_YEAR@ @VBOX_VENDOR@
3884	All rights reserved.
3885
3886	Value: 2006.01.01</screen>
3887
3888	<para>You could retrieve the information for all keys as follows:</para>
3889
3890	<screen>VBoxManage getextradata Fedora5 enumerate</screen>
3891
3892	<para>To remove a key, the <computeroutput>setextradata</computeroutput>
3893	command must be run without specifying data (only the key), for example:
3894	</para>
3895
3896	<screen>VBoxManage setextradata Fedora5 installdate</screen>
3897
3898	</sect1>
3899
3900	<sect1 id="vboxmanage-setproperty">
3901	<title>VBoxManage setproperty</title>
3902
3903	<para>This command is used to change global settings which affect the
3904	entire VirtualBox installation. Some of these correspond to the settings
3905	in the "Global settings" dialog in the graphical user interface. The
3906	following properties are available:<glosslist>
3907	<glossentry>
3908	<glossterm><computeroutput>machinefolder</computeroutput></glossterm>
3909	<glossdef>
3910	<para>This specifies the default folder in which virtual machine
3911	definitions are kept; see <xref linkend="vboxconfigdata" /> for
3912	details.</para>
3913	</glossdef>
3914	</glossentry>
3915
3916	<glossentry>
3917	<glossterm><computeroutput>hwvirtexclusive</computeroutput></glossterm>
3918	<glossdef><para>This specifies whether VirtualBox will make exclusive use of
3919	the hardware virtualization extensions (Intel VT-x or AMD-V) of the
3920	host system's processor; see <xref linkend="hwvirt" />. If you wish to
3921	share these extensions with other hypervisors running at the same time,
3922	you must disable this setting. Doing so has negative performance implications.
3923	</para></glossdef>
3924	</glossentry>
3925
3926	<glossentry>
3927	<glossterm><computeroutput>vrdeauthlibrary</computeroutput></glossterm>
3928
3929	<glossdef>
3930	<para>This specifies which library to use when "external"
3931	authentication has been selected for a particular virtual machine;
3932	see <xref linkend="vbox-auth" /> for details.</para>
3933	</glossdef>
3934	</glossentry>
3935
3936	<glossentry>
3937	<glossterm><computeroutput>websrvauthlibrary</computeroutput></glossterm>
3938
3939	<glossdef>
3940	<para>This specifies which library the web service uses to
3941	authenticate users. For details about the VirtualBox web service,
3942	please refer to the separate VirtualBox SDK reference (see <xref
3943	linkend="VirtualBoxAPI" />).</para>
3944	</glossdef>
3945	</glossentry>
3946
3947	<glossentry>
3948	<glossterm><computeroutput>vrdeextpack</computeroutput></glossterm>
3949
3950	<glossdef>
3951	<para>This specifies which library implements the VirtualBox
3952	Remote Desktop Extension.</para>
3953	</glossdef>
3954	</glossentry>
3955
3956	<glossentry>
3957	<glossterm><computeroutput>loghistorycount</computeroutput></glossterm>
3958
3959	<glossdef>
3960	<para>This selects how many rotated (old) VM logs are kept.</para>
3961	</glossdef>
3962	</glossentry>
3963
3964	<glossentry>
3965	<glossterm><computeroutput>autostartdbpath</computeroutput></glossterm>
3966
3967	<glossdef>
3968	<para>This selects the path to the autostart database. See
3969	<xref linkend="autostart" />.</para>
3970	</glossdef>
3971	</glossentry>
3972
3973	<glossentry>
3974	<glossterm><computeroutput>defaultfrontend</computeroutput></glossterm>
3975
3976	<glossdef>
3977	<para>This selects the global default VM frontend setting. See
3978	<xref linkend="vboxmanage-startvm" />.</para>
3979	</glossdef>
3980	</glossentry>
3981
3982	<glossentry>
3983	<glossterm><computeroutput>logginglevel</computeroutput></glossterm>
3984
3985	<glossdef>
3986	<para>This configures the VBoxSVC release logging details.<footnote>
3987	<para><ulink url="http://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/VBoxLogging">http://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/VBoxLogging</ulink>.</para>
3988	</footnote>
3989	</para>
3990	</glossdef>
3991	</glossentry>
3992	</glosslist></para>
3993	</sect1>
3994
3995	<sect1>
3996	<title>VBoxManage usbfilter add/modify/remove</title>
3997
3998	<screen>VBoxManage usbfilter add <index,0-N>
3999	--target <uuid\|vmname>global
4000	--name <string>
4001	--action ignore\|hold (global filters only)
4002	[--active yes\|no (yes)]
4003	[--vendorid <XXXX> (null)]
4004	[--productid <XXXX> (null)]
4005	[--revision <IIFF> (null)]
4006	[--manufacturer <string> (null)]
4007	[--product <string> (null)]
4008	[--remote yes\|no (null, VM filters only)]
4009	[--serialnumber <string> (null)]
4010	[--maskedinterfaces <XXXXXXXX>]
4011	</screen>
4012
4013	<screen>VBoxManage usbfilter modify <index,0-N>
4014	--target <uuid\|vmname>global
4015	[--name <string>]
4016	[--action ignore\|hold (global filters only)]
4017	[--active yes\|no]
4018	[--vendorid <XXXX>]
4019	[--productid <XXXX>]
4020	[--revision <IIFF>]
4021	[--manufacturer <string>]
4022	[--product <string>]
4023	[--remote yes\|no (null, VM filters only)]
4024	[--serialnumber <string>]
4025	[--maskedinterfaces <XXXXXXXX>]
4026	</screen>
4027
4028	<screen>VBoxManage usbfilter remove <index,0-N>
4029	--target <uuid\|vmname>global
4030	</screen>
4031
4032	<para>The <computeroutput>usbfilter</computeroutput> commands are used for
4033	working with USB filters in virtual machines, or global filters which
4034	affect the whole VirtualBox setup. Global filters are applied before
4035	machine-specific filters, and may be used to prevent devices from being
4036	captured by any virtual machine. Global filters are always applied in a
4037	particular order, and only the first filter which fits a device is
4038	applied. So for example, if the first global filter says to hold (make
4039	available) a particular Kingston memory stick device and the second to
4040	ignore all Kingston devices, that memory stick will be available to any
4041	machine with an appropriate filter, but no other Kingston device
4042	will.</para>
4043
4044	<para>When creating a USB filter using <computeroutput>usbfilter
4045	add</computeroutput>, you must supply three or four mandatory parameters.
4046	The index specifies the position in the list at which the filter should be
4047	placed. If there is already a filter at that position, then it and the
4048	following ones will be shifted back one place. Otherwise the new filter
4049	will be added onto the end of the list. The
4050	<computeroutput>target</computeroutput> parameter selects the virtual
4051	machine that the filter should be attached to or use "global" to apply it
4052	to all virtual machines. <computeroutput>name</computeroutput> is a name
4053	for the new filter and for global filters,
4054	<computeroutput>action</computeroutput> says whether to allow VMs
4055	access to devices that fit the filter description ("hold") or not to give
4056	them access ("ignore"). In addition, you should specify parameters to
4057	filter by. You can find the parameters for devices attached to your system
4058	using <computeroutput>VBoxManage list usbhost</computeroutput>. Finally,
4059	you can specify whether the filter should be active, and for local
4060	filters, whether they are for local devices, remote (over an RDP
4061	connection) or either.</para>
4062
4063	<para>When you modify a USB filter using <computeroutput>usbfilter
4064	modify</computeroutput>, you must specify the filter by index (see the
4065	output of <computeroutput>VBoxManage list usbfilters</computeroutput> to
4066	find global filter indexes and that of <computeroutput>VBoxManage
4067	showvminfo</computeroutput> to find indexes for individual machines) and
4068	by target, which is either a virtual machine or "global". The properties
4069	which can be changed are the same as for <computeroutput>usbfilter
4070	add</computeroutput>. To remove a filter, use <computeroutput>usbfilter
4071	remove</computeroutput> and specify the index and the target.</para>
4072
4073	<para>The following is a list of the additional
4074	<computeroutput>usbfilter add</computeroutput> and
4075	<computeroutput>usbfilter modify</computeroutput> options, with detailed
4076	explanations on how to use them.</para>
4077
4078	<para><itemizedlist>
4079	<listitem>
4080	<para><computeroutput>--action ignore\|hold</computeroutput>Specifies
4081	whether devices that fit the filter description are allowed access by
4082	machines ("hold"), or have access denied ("ignore"). Applies to
4083	global filters only.</para>
4084	</listitem>
4085
4086	<listitem>
4087	<para><computeroutput>--active yes\|no</computeroutput>Specifies whether
4088	the USB Filter is active or temporarily disabled. For
4089	<computeroutput>usbfilter create</computeroutput> the default is
4090	active.</para>
4091	</listitem>
4092
4093	<listitem>
4094	<para><computeroutput>--vendorid <XXXX>\|""</computeroutput>Specifies
4095	a vendor ID filter - the string representation for the exact matching
4096	has the form XXXX, where X is the hex digit (including leading zeroes).</para>
4097	</listitem>
4098
4099	<listitem>
4100	<para><computeroutput>--productid <XXXX>\|""</computeroutput>Specifies
4101	a product ID filter - The string representation for the exact matching has
4102	the form XXXX, where X is the hex digit (including leading zeroes).</para>
4103	</listitem>
4104
4105	<listitem>
4106	<para><computeroutput>--revision <IIFF>\|""</computeroutput>Specifies
4107	a revision ID filter - the string representation for the exact matching has
4108	the form IIFF, where I is the decimal digit of the integer part of the revision,
4109	and F is the decimal digit of its fractional part (including leading and trailing zeros).
4110	Note that for interval filters, it's best to use the hex form, because the revision is
4111	stored as a 16 bit packed BCD value; so the expression int:0x0100-0x0199 will match
4112	any revision from 1.0 to 1.99 inclusive.</para>
4113	</listitem>
4114
4115	<listitem>
4116	<para><computeroutput>--manufacturer <string>\|""</computeroutput>Specifies
4117	a manufacturer ID filter, as a string.</para>
4118	</listitem>
4119
4120	<listitem>
4121	<para><computeroutput>--product <string>\|""</computeroutput>Specifies
4122	a product ID filter, as a string.</para>
4123	</listitem>
4124
4125	<listitem>
4126	<para><computeroutput>--remote yes\|no""</computeroutput>Specifies
4127	a remote filter - indicating whether the device is physically connected to a
4128	remote VRDE client or to a local host machine. Applies to VM filters only.</para>
4129	</listitem>
4130
4131	<listitem>
4132	<para><computeroutput>--serialnumber <string>\|""</computeroutput>Specifies
4133	a serial number filter, as a string.</para>
4134	</listitem>
4135
4136	<listitem>
4137	<para><computeroutput>--maskedinterfaces <XXXXXXXX></computeroutput>Specifies
4138	a masked interface filter, for hiding one or more USB interfaces from the guest.
4139	The value is a bit mask where the set bits correspond to the USB interfaces that
4140	should be hidden, or masked off. This feature only works on Linux hosts.</para>
4141	</listitem>
4142	</itemizedlist></para>
4143	</sect1>
4144
4145	<sect1 id="vboxmanage-sharedfolder">
4146	<title>VBoxManage sharedfolder add/remove</title>
4147
4148	<screen>
4149	VBoxManage sharedfolder add <uuid\|vmname>
4150	--name <name> --hostpath <hostpath>
4151	[--transient] [--readonly] [--automount]
4152	</screen>
4153
4154	<para>This command allows you to share folders on the host computer with
4155	guest operating systems. For this, the guest systems must have a version
4156	of the VirtualBox Guest Additions installed which supports this
4157	functionality.</para>
4158
4159	<para>Parameters are:</para>
4160
4161	<para><itemizedlist>
4162	<listitem>
4163	<para><computeroutput><uuid\|vmname></computeroutput>
4164	Specifies the UUID or name of the VM whose guest operating system will be
4165	sharing folders with the host computer. Mandatory.</para>
4166	</listitem>
4167
4168	<listitem>
4169	<para><computeroutput>--name <name></computeroutput>
4170	Specifies the name of the share. Each share has a unique name within the
4171	namespace of the host operating system. Mandatory.</para>
4172	</listitem>
4173
4174	<listitem>
4175	<para><computeroutput>-hostpath <hostpath></computeroutput>
4176	Specifies the absolute path on the host operating system of the
4177	folder/directory to be shared with the guest operating system.
4178	Mandatory.</para>
4179	</listitem>
4180
4181	<listitem>
4182	<para><computeroutput>-transient</computeroutput>
4183	Specifies that the share is 'transient', meaning that it can be added
4184	and removed at runtime and does not persist after the VM has stopped.
4185	Optional.</para>
4186	</listitem>
4187
4188	<listitem>
4189	<para><computeroutput>-readonly</computeroutput>
4190	Specifies that the share has only read-only access to files at the host path.</para>
4191
4192	<para>By default, shared folders have read/write access to the files at the host
4193	path. More specifically, on Linux distros - shared folders are mounted with
4194	770 io permissions with root user and vboxsf as the group, and using this option
4195	the io permissions change to 700. Optional.</para>
4196	</listitem>
4197
4198	<listitem>
4199	<para><computeroutput>-automount</computeroutput>
4200	Specifies that the share will be automatically mounted. On Linux distros, this will
4201	be to either /media/USER/sf_<name> or /media/sf_<name> - depending on
4202	your guest OS. Where <name> is the share name. Optional.</para>
4203	</listitem>
4204	</itemizedlist></para>
4205
4206	<screen>
4207	VBoxManage sharedfolder remove <uuid\|vmname>
4208	--name <name> [--transient]
4209
4210	</screen>
4211
4212	<para>This command allows you to delete shared folders on the host computer shares with
4213	the guest operating systems. For this, the guest systems must have a version
4214	of the VirtualBox Guest Additions installed which supports this
4215	functionality.</para>
4216
4217	<para>Parameters are:</para>
4218
4219	<para><itemizedlist>
4220	<listitem>
4221	<para><computeroutput><uuid\|vmname></computeroutput>
4222	Specifies the UUID or name of the VM whose guest operating system is
4223	sharing folders with the host computer. Mandatory.</para>
4224	</listitem>
4225
4226	<listitem>
4227	<para><computeroutput>--name <name></computeroutput>
4228	Specifies the name of the share to be removed. Each share has a unique name within the
4229	namespace of the host operating system. Mandatory.</para>
4230	</listitem>
4231
4232	<listitem>
4233	<para><computeroutput>-transient</computeroutput>
4234	Specifies that the share is 'transient', meaning that it can be added
4235	and removed at runtime and does not persist after the VM has stopped.
4236	Optional.</para>
4237	</listitem>
4238	</itemizedlist></para>
4239
4240
4241	<para>Shared folders are described in detail in <xref linkend="sharedfolders" />.</para>
4242	</sect1>
4243
4244	<sect1 id="vboxmanage-guestproperty">
4245	<title>VBoxManage guestproperty</title>
4246
4247	<para>The "guestproperty" commands allow you to get or set properties of a
4248	running virtual machine. Please see <xref linkend="guestadd-guestprops" />
4249	for an introduction. As explained there, guest properties are arbitrary
4250	key/value string pairs which can be written to and read from by either the
4251	guest or the host, so they can be used as a low-volume communication
4252	channel for strings, provided that a guest is running and has the Guest
4253	Additions installed. In addition, a number of values whose keys begin with
4254	"/VirtualBox/" are automatically set and maintained by the Guest
4255	Additions.</para>
4256
4257	<para>The following subcommands are available (where
4258	<computeroutput><vm></computeroutput>, in each case, can either be a
4259	VM name or a VM UUID, as with the other VBoxManage commands):<itemizedlist>
4260	<listitem>
4261	<para><computeroutput>enumerate <vm> [--patterns
4262	<pattern>]</computeroutput>: This lists all the guest
4263	properties that are available for the given VM, including the value.
4264	This list will be very limited if the guest's service process cannot
4265	be contacted, e.g. because the VM is not running or the Guest
4266	Additions are not installed.</para>
4267
4268	<para>If <computeroutput>--patterns <pattern></computeroutput>
4269	is specified, it acts as a filter to only list properties that match
4270	the given pattern. The pattern can contain the following wildcard
4271	characters:<itemizedlist>
4272	<listitem>
4273	<para><computeroutput>*</computeroutput> (asterisk):
4274	represents any number of characters; for example,
4275	"<computeroutput>/VirtualBox*</computeroutput>" would match
4276	all properties beginning with "/VirtualBox".</para>
4277	</listitem>
4278
4279	<listitem>
4280	<para><computeroutput>?</computeroutput> (question mark):
4281	represents a single arbitrary character; for example,
4282	"<computeroutput>fo?</computeroutput>" would match both "foo"
4283	and "for".</para>
4284	</listitem>
4285
4286	<listitem>
4287	<para><computeroutput>\|</computeroutput> (pipe symbol): can be
4288	used to specify multiple alternative patterns; for example,
4289	"<computeroutput>s\|t</computeroutput>" would match anything
4290	starting with either "s" or "t".</para>
4291	</listitem>
4292	</itemizedlist></para>
4293	</listitem>
4294
4295	<listitem>
4296	<para><computeroutput>get <vm> <property>
4297	</computeroutput>: This
4298	retrieves the value of a single property only. If the property
4299	cannot be found (e.g. because the guest is not running), this will
4300	print <screen>No value set!</screen></para>
4301	</listitem>
4302
4303	<listitem>
4304	<para><computeroutput>set <vm> <property> [<value>
4305	[--flags <flags>]]</computeroutput>: This allows you to set a
4306	guest property by specifying the key and value. If
4307	<computeroutput><value></computeroutput> is omitted, the
4308	property is deleted. With <computeroutput>--flags</computeroutput>
4309	you can optionally specify additional behavior (you can combine
4310	several by separating them with commas):<itemizedlist>
4311	<listitem>
4312	<para><computeroutput>TRANSIENT</computeroutput>: the value
4313	will not be stored with the VM data when the VM exits;</para>
4314	</listitem>
4315
4316	<listitem>
4317	<para><computeroutput>TRANSRESET</computeroutput>: the value
4318	will be deleted as soon as the VM restarts and/or exits;</para>
4319	</listitem>
4320
4321	<listitem>
4322	<para><computeroutput>RDONLYGUEST</computeroutput>: the value
4323	can only be changed by the host, but the guest can only read
4324	it;</para>
4325	</listitem>
4326
4327	<listitem>
4328	<para><computeroutput>RDONLYHOST</computeroutput>: reversely,
4329	the value can only be changed by the guest, but the host can
4330	only read it;</para>
4331	</listitem>
4332
4333	<listitem>
4334	<para><computeroutput>READONLY</computeroutput>: a combination
4335	of the two, the value cannot be changed at all.</para>
4336	</listitem>
4337	</itemizedlist></para>
4338	</listitem>
4339
4340	<listitem>
4341	<para><computeroutput>wait <vm> <pattern> --timeout
4342	<timeout></computeroutput>: This waits for a particular value
4343	described by "pattern" to change or to be deleted or created. The
4344	pattern rules are the same as for the "enumerate" subcommand
4345	above.</para>
4346	</listitem>
4347
4348	<listitem>
4349	<para><computeroutput>delete <vm> <property>
4350	</computeroutput>: Deletes a formerly set guest property.
4351	</para></listitem>
4352	</itemizedlist></para>
4353	</sect1>
4354
4355	<sect1 id="vboxmanage-guestcontrol">
4356	<title>VBoxManage guestcontrol</title>
4357
4358	<para>The <computeroutput>guestcontrol</computeroutput> commands enable
4359	control of the guest from the host. Please see <xref
4360	linkend="guestadd-guestcontrol" /> for an introduction.</para>
4361
4362	<para>guestcontrol has two sets of subcommands. The first set requires guest
4363	credentials to be specified, the second does not.</para>
4364
4365	<para>The first set of subcommands is of the form:</para>
4366	<screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol <uuid\|vmname> <sub-command>
4367	[--username <name> ]
4368	[--passwordfile <file> \| --password <password>]
4369	[--domain <domain> ]
4370	[-v\|--verbose] [-q\|quiet] ...
4371	</screen>
4372
4373	<para>The "common-options" are:</para>
4374	<screen>
4375	[--username <name> ]
4376	[--passwordfile <file> \| --password <password>]
4377	[--domain <domain> ]
4378	[-v\|--verbose] [-q\|quiet]
4379	</screen>
4380
4381	<para>Where details of the common options for the first set of subcommands are:
4382	<glosslist>
4383
4384	<glossentry>
4385	<glossterm><computeroutput><uuid\|vmname></computeroutput></glossterm>
4386	<glossdef>
4387	<para>Specifies the VM UUID or VM name. Mandatory.</para>
4388	</glossdef>
4389	</glossentry>
4390
4391	<glossentry>
4392	<glossterm><computeroutput>--username <name></computeroutput></glossterm>
4393	<glossdef><para>Specifies the user name on guest OS under which the process should run. This
4394	user name must already exist on the guest OS. If unspecified, the host user name is used. Optional</para>
4395	</glossdef>
4396	</glossentry>
4397
4398	<glossentry>
4399	<glossterm><computeroutput>--passwordfile <file>\|--password</computeroutput></glossterm>
4400	<glossdef><para>Specifies the absolute path on guest file system of password file containing the
4401	password for the specified user account or password for the specified user account. Optional.
4402	If both are omitted, empty password is assumed.</para></glossdef>
4403	</glossentry>
4404
4405	<glossentry>
4406	<glossterm><computeroutput>--domain <domain></computeroutput></glossterm>
4407	<glossdef><para>User domain for Windows guests. Optional.</para></glossdef>
4408	</glossentry>
4409
4410	<glossentry>
4411	<glossterm><computeroutput>-v\|--verbose</computeroutput></glossterm>
4412	<glossdef><para>Makes the subcommand execution more verbose. Optional</para></glossdef>
4413	</glossentry>
4414
4415	<glossentry>
4416	<glossterm><computeroutput>-q\|--quiet</computeroutput></glossterm>
4417	<glossdef><para>Makes the subcommand execution quieter. Optional.</para></glossdef>
4418	</glossentry>
4419	</glosslist>
4420	</para>
4421
4422	<para>The first set of subcommands: <itemizedlist>
4423	<listitem>
4424	<para><emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>run</computeroutput></emphasis>
4425	Executes a guest program - forwarding stdout, stderr and stdin to/from the host
4426	until it completes.</para>
4427	<screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol <uuid\|vmname> run [common-options]
4428	--exe <path to executable> [--timeout <msec>]
4429	[-E\|--putenv <NAME>[=<VALUE>]] [--unquoted-args]
4430	[--ignore-operhaned-processes] [--profile]
4431	[--no-wait-stdout\|--wait-stdout]
4432	[--no-wait-stderr\|--wait-stderr]
4433	[--dos2unix] [--unix2dos]
4434	-- <program/arg0> [argument1] ... [argumentN]]
4435	</screen>
4436	<glosslist>
4437	<glossentry>
4438	<glossterm><computeroutput><uuid\|vmname></computeroutput></glossterm>
4439	<glossdef>
4440	<para>Specifies the VM UUID or VM name. Mandatory.</para>
4441	</glossdef>
4442	</glossentry>
4443
4444	<glossentry>
4445	<glossterm><computeroutput>--exe <path to executable></computeroutput></glossterm>
4446	<glossdef><para>Specifies the absolute path of the executable on the guest OS file system. Mandatory. e.g.:
4447	<computeroutput>C:\Windows\System32\calc.exe</computeroutput>.</para>
4448	</glossdef>
4449	</glossentry>
4450
4451	<glossentry>
4452	<glossterm><computeroutput>--timeout <msec></computeroutput></glossterm>
4453	<glossdef>
4454	<para>Specifies the maximum time (microseconds) that the executable can run,
4455	during which VBoxManage receives its output. Optional.
4456	If unspecified, VBoxManage waits indefinitely for the process to end, or an error occurs.</para>
4457	</glossdef>
4458	</glossentry>
4459
4460	<glossentry>
4461	<glossterm><computeroutput>-E\|--putenv <NAME>=<VALUE>
4462	</computeroutput></glossterm>
4463	<glossdef>
4464	<para>Sets/modifies/unsets environment variable(s) in the environment in which the program will run. Optional.</para>
4465	<para>The guest process is created with the standard default guest OS environment.
4466	Use this option to modify that default environment. To set/modify a variable use:
4467	<computeroutput><NAME>=<VALUE></computeroutput>.
4468	To unset a variable use:
4469	<computeroutput><NAME>=</computeroutput></para>
4470	<para>Any spaces in names/values should be enclosed by quotes. </para>
4471	<para>To set/modify/unset multiple variables, use multiple instances of the
4472	<computeroutput>--E\|--putenv</computeroutput> option. </para>
4473	</glossdef>
4474	</glossentry>
4475
4476	<glossentry>
4477	<glossterm><computeroutput>--unquoted-args</computeroutput></glossterm>
4478	<glossdef>
4479	<para>Disables escaped double quoting (e.g. \"fred\") on arguments passed to the executed program. Optional.</para>
4480	</glossdef>
4481	</glossentry>
4482
4483	<glossentry>
4484	<glossterm><computeroutput>--ignore-operhaned-processes</computeroutput></glossterm>
4485	<glossdef>
4486	<para>Ignore orphaned processes. Not yet implemented. Optional.</para>
4487	</glossdef>
4488	</glossentry>
4489
4490	<glossentry>
4491	<glossterm><computeroutput>--profile</computeroutput></glossterm>
4492	<glossdef>
4493	<para>Use Profile. Not yet implemented. Optional.</para>
4494	</glossdef>
4495	</glossentry>
4496
4497	<glossentry>
4498	<glossterm><computeroutput>--no-wait-stdout\|--wait-stdout</computeroutput></glossterm>
4499	<glossdef>
4500	<para>Does not wait/waits until the guest process ends and receives its exit code and reason/flags.
4501	In the case of --wait-stdout - while the process runs, VBoxManage receives its stdout. Optional.</para>
4502	</glossdef>
4503	</glossentry>
4504
4505	<glossentry>
4506	<glossterm><computeroutput>--no-wait-stderr\|--wait-stderr</computeroutput></glossterm>
4507	<glossdef>
4508	<para>Does not wait/waits until the guest process ends and receives its exit code and reason/flags.
4509	In case of --wait-stderr - while the process runs, VBoxManage receives its stderr. Optional.</para>
4510	</glossdef>
4511	</glossentry>
4512
4513	<glossentry>
4514	<glossterm><computeroutput>--dos2unix</computeroutput></glossterm>
4515	<glossdef><para>
4516	Converts output from DOS/Windows guests to UNIX/Linux-compatible line endings
4517	(CR + LF → LF). Not yet implemented. Optional.</para>
4518	</glossdef>
4519	</glossentry>
4520
4521	<glossentry>
4522	<glossterm><computeroutput>--unix2dos</computeroutput></glossterm>
4523	<glossdef><para>
4524	Converts output from a UNIX/Linux guests to DOS/Windows-compatible
4525	line endings (LF → CR + LF). Not yet implemented. Optional.</para>
4526	</glossdef>
4527	</glossentry>
4528
4529	<glossentry>
4530	<glossterm><computeroutput>[-- <program/arg0> [<argument1>] ... [<argumentN>]]</computeroutput></glossterm>
4531	<glossdef>
4532	<para>Specifies program name, followed by one or more arguments to pass to the program. Optional.</para>
4533	<para>Note: Any spaces in arguments should be enclosed by quotes.</para>
4534	</glossdef>
4535	</glossentry>
4536	</glosslist>
4537
4538	<para><note>
4539	<para>On Windows there are certain limitations for graphical
4540	applications; please see <xref linkend="KnownIssues" /> for more
4541	information.</para>
4542	</note> Examples: <screen>VBoxManage --nologo guestcontrol "My VM" run --exe "/bin/ls"
4543	--username foo --passwordfile bar.txt --wait-exit --wait-stdout -- -l /usr</screen> <screen>VBoxManage --nologo guestcontrol "My VM" run --exe "c:\\windows\\system32\\ipconfig.exe"
4544	--username foo --passwordfile bar.txt --wait-exit --wait-stdout</screen> Note that
4545	the double backslashes in the second example are only required on
4546	Unix hosts.</para>
4547
4548	<para><note>
4549	<para>For certain commands a user name of an existing user account on the guest
4550	must be specified; anonymous executions are not supported for security reasons. A
4551	user account password, however, is optional and depends on the guest's OS security
4552	policy or rules. If no password is specified for a given user name, an empty password
4553	will be used. On certain OSes like Windows the security policy may needs to be adjusted
4554	in order to allow user accounts with an empty password set. Also, global domain rules might
4555	apply and therefore cannot be changed.</para>
4556	</note></para>
4557
4558	<para>Starting at VirtualBox 4.1.2 guest process execution by default is limited
4559	to serve up to 5 guest processes at a time. If a new guest process gets started
4560	which would exceed this limit, the oldest not running guest process will be discarded
4561	in order to be able to run that new process. Also, retrieving output from this
4562	old guest process will not be possible anymore then. If all 5 guest processes
4563	are still active and running, starting a new guest process will result in an
4564	appropriate error message.</para>
4565
4566	<para>To raise or lower the guest process execution limit, either the guest
4567	property <computeroutput>/VirtualBox/GuestAdd/VBoxService/--control-procs-max-kept</computeroutput>
4568	or VBoxService' command line by specifying <computeroutput>--control-procs-max-kept</computeroutput>
4569	needs to be modified. A restart of the guest OS is required afterwards. To serve unlimited
4570	guest processes, a value of <computeroutput>0</computeroutput> needs to be set (not recommended).</para>
4571	</listitem>
4572
4573	<listitem>
4574	<para><emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>start</computeroutput></emphasis>
4575	Executes a guest program until it completes.</para>
4576	<screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol <uuid\|vmname> start [common-options]
4577	[--exe <path to executable>] [--timeout <msec>]
4578	[-E\|--putenv <NAME>[=<VALUE>]] [--unquoted-args]
4579	[--ignore-operhaned-processes] [--profile]
4580	-- <program/arg0> [argument1] ... [argumentN]]
4581	</screen>
4582
4583	<para>Where the options are: <glosslist>
4584	<glossentry>
4585	<glossterm><computeroutput><uuid\|vmname></computeroutput></glossterm>
4586	<glossdef>
4587	<para>Specifies the VM UUID or VM name. Mandatory.</para>
4588	</glossdef>
4589	</glossentry>
4590
4591	<glossentry>
4592	<glossterm><computeroutput>--exe <path to executable></computeroutput></glossterm>
4593	<glossdef><para>Specifies the absolute path of the executable on the guest OS file system. Mandatory. e.g.:
4594	<computeroutput>C:\Windows\System32\calc.exe</computeroutput></para>
4595	</glossdef>
4596	</glossentry>
4597
4598	<glossentry>
4599	<glossterm><computeroutput>--timeout <msec></computeroutput></glossterm>
4600	<glossdef>
4601	<para>Specifies the maximum time (microseconds) that the executable can run. Optional.
4602	If unspecified, VBoxManage waits indefinitely for the process to end, or an error occurs.</para>
4603	</glossdef>
4604	</glossentry>
4605
4606	<glossentry>
4607	<glossterm><computeroutput>-E\|--putenv <NAME>=<VALUE>
4608	</computeroutput></glossterm>
4609	<glossdef>
4610	<para>Sets/modifies/unsets environment variable(s) in the environment in which the program will run. Optional.</para>
4611	<para>The guest process is created with the standard default guest OS environment.
4612	Use this option to modify that default environment. To set/modify a variable use:
4613	<computeroutput><NAME>=<VALUE></computeroutput>.
4614	To unset a variable use:
4615	<computeroutput><NAME>=</computeroutput></para>
4616	<para>Any spaces in names/values should be enclosed by quotes. </para>
4617	<para>To set/modify/unset multiple variables, use multiple instances of the
4618	<computeroutput>--E\|--putenv</computeroutput> option. </para>
4619	</glossdef>
4620	</glossentry>
4621
4622	<glossentry>
4623	<glossterm><computeroutput>--unquoted-args</computeroutput></glossterm>
4624	<glossdef>
4625	<para>Disables escaped double quoting (e.g. \"fred\") on arguments passed to the executed program. Optional.</para>
4626	</glossdef>
4627	</glossentry>
4628
4629	<glossentry>
4630	<glossterm><computeroutput>--ignore-operhaned-processes</computeroutput></glossterm>
4631	<glossdef>
4632	<para>Ignores orphaned processes. Not yet implemented. Optional.</para>
4633	</glossdef>
4634	</glossentry>
4635
4636	<glossentry>
4637	<glossterm><computeroutput>--profile</computeroutput></glossterm>
4638	<glossdef>
4639	<para>Use a profile. Not yet implemented. Optional.</para>
4640	</glossdef>
4641	</glossentry>
4642
4643	<glossentry>
4644	<glossterm><computeroutput>[-- <program/arg0> [<argument1>] ... [<argumentN>]]</computeroutput></glossterm>
4645	<glossdef>
4646	<para>Specifies program name, followed by one or more arguments to pass to the program. Optional.</para>
4647	<para>Note: Any spaces in arguments should be enclosed by quotes.</para>
4648	</glossdef>
4649	</glossentry>
4650	</glosslist></para>
4651
4652	<para><note>
4653	<para>On Windows there are certain limitations for graphical
4654	applications; please see <xref linkend="KnownIssues" /> for more
4655	information.</para>
4656	</note> Examples: <screen>VBoxManage --nologo guestcontrol "My VM" start --exe "/bin/ls"
4657	--username foo --passwordfile bar.txt --wait-exit --wait-stdout -- -l /usr</screen> <screen>VBoxManage --nologo guestcontrol "My VM" start --exe "c:\\windows\\system32\\ipconfig.exe"
4658	--username foo --passwordfile bar.txt --wait-exit --wait-stdout</screen> Note that
4659	the double backslashes in the second example are only required on
4660	Unix hosts.</para>
4661
4662	<para><note>
4663	<para>For certain commands a user name of an existing user account on the guest
4664	must be specified; anonymous executions are not supported for security reasons. A
4665	user account password, however, is optional and depends on the guest's OS security
4666	policy or rules. If no password is specified for a given user name, an empty password
4667	will be used. On certain OSes like Windows the security policy may needs to be adjusted
4668	in order to allow user accounts with an empty password set. Also, global domain rules might
4669	apply and therefore cannot be changed.</para>
4670	</note></para>
4671
4672	<para>Starting at VirtualBox 4.1.2 guest process execution by default is limited
4673	to serve up to 5 guest processes at a time. If a new guest process gets started
4674	which would exceed this limit, the oldest not running guest process will be discarded
4675	in order to be able to run that new process. Also, retrieving output from this
4676	old guest process will not be possible anymore then. If all 5 guest processes
4677	are still active and running, starting a new guest process will result in an
4678	appropriate error message.</para>
4679
4680	<para>To raise or lower the guest process execution limit, either the guest
4681	property <computeroutput>/VirtualBox/GuestAdd/VBoxService/--control-procs-max-kept</computeroutput>
4682	or VBoxService' command line by specifying <computeroutput>--control-procs-max-kept</computeroutput>
4683	needs to be modified. A restart of the guest OS is required afterwards. To serve unlimited
4684	guest processes, a value of <computeroutput>0</computeroutput> needs to be set (not recommended).</para>
4685	</listitem>
4686
4687	<listitem>
4688	<para><emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>copyfrom</computeroutput></emphasis>
4689	Copies files from the guest to the host file system.
4690	(Note - only with Guest Additions 4.0 or later installed).</para>
4691
4692	<screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol <uuid\|vmname> copyfrom [common-options]
4693	[--dryrun] [--follow] [--R\|recursive]
4694	--target-directory <host-dst-dir>
4695	<guest-src0> [<guest-src1> [...]] </screen>
4696
4697	<para>Where the parameters are:<glosslist>
4698	<glossentry>
4699	<glossterm><computeroutput><uid\|vmname></computeroutput></glossterm>
4700	<glossdef>
4701	<para>Specifies the VM UUID or VM name. Mandatory.</para>
4702	</glossdef>
4703	</glossentry>
4704
4705	<glossentry>
4706	<glossterm><computeroutput>--dryrun</computeroutput></glossterm>
4707	<glossdef>
4708	<para>Instructs VBoxManage to perform a dry run instead of an actual file copying
4709	operation. Optional. </para>
4710	</glossdef>
4711	</glossentry>
4712
4713	<glossentry>
4714	<glossterm><computeroutput>--follow</computeroutput></glossterm>
4715	<glossdef>
4716	<para>Enables symlink following on the guest file system. Optional.</para>
4717	</glossdef>
4718	</glossentry>
4719
4720	<glossentry>
4721	<glossterm><computeroutput>-R\|--recursive</computeroutput></glossterm>
4722	<glossdef>
4723	<para>Enables recursive copying of files/directories from the specified guest file system
4724	directory. Optional.</para>
4725	</glossdef>
4726	</glossentry>
4727
4728	<glossentry>
4729	<glossterm><computeroutput>--target-directory <host-dst-dir></computeroutput></glossterm>
4730	<glossdef>
4731	<para>Specifies the absolute path of the host file system destination directory. Mandatory. e.g.
4732	<computeroutput>C:\Temp</computeroutput>.</para>
4733	</glossdef>
4734	</glossentry>
4735
4736	<glossentry>
4737	<glossterm><computeroutput><guest-src0> [<guest-src1> [...]]</computeroutput></glossterm>
4738	<glossdef>
4739	<para>Specifies the absolute path(s) of guest file system file(s) to be copied. Mandatory. e.g.
4740	<computeroutput>C:\Windows\System32\calc.exe</computeroutput>.
4741	Wildcards can be used in the expression(s), e.g.
4742	<computeroutput>C:\Windows\System\.dll</computeroutput>.</para>
4743	</glossdef>
4744	</glossentry>
4745	</glosslist>
4746	</para>
4747	</listitem>
4748
4749	<listitem>
4750	<para><emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>copyto</computeroutput></emphasis>
4751	Copies files from the host to the guest file system.
4752	(Note - only with Guest Additions 4.0 or later installed).</para>
4753
4754	<screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol <uuid\|vmname> copyto [common-options]
4755	[--dryrun] [--follow] [--R\|recursive]
4756	--target-directory <guest-dst>
4757	<host-src0> [<host-src1> [...]] </screen>
4758
4759	<para>Where the parameters are:<glosslist>
4760	<glossentry>
4761	<glossterm><computeroutput><uuid\|vmname></computeroutput></glossterm>
4762	<glossdef>
4763	<para>Specifies the VM UUID or VM name. Mandatory.</para>
4764	</glossdef>
4765	</glossentry>
4766
4767	<glossentry>
4768	<glossterm><computeroutput>--dryrun</computeroutput></glossterm>
4769	<glossdef>
4770	<para>Instructs VBoxManage to perform a dry run instead of an actual file copying
4771	operation. Optional. </para>
4772	</glossdef>
4773	</glossentry>
4774
4775	<glossentry>
4776	<glossterm><computeroutput>--follow</computeroutput></glossterm>
4777	<glossdef>
4778	<para>Enables symlink following on the host file system. Optional.</para>
4779	</glossdef>
4780	</glossentry>
4781
4782	<glossentry>
4783	<glossterm><computeroutput>-R\|--recursive</computeroutput></glossterm>
4784	<glossdef>
4785	<para>Enables recursive copying of files/directories from the specified host file system
4786	directory(ies). Optional.</para>
4787	</glossdef>
4788	</glossentry>
4789
4790	<glossentry>
4791	<glossterm><computeroutput>--target-directory <guest-dst></computeroutput></glossterm>
4792	<glossdef>
4793	<para>Specifies the absolute path of the guest file system destination directory. Mandatory. e.g.
4794	<computeroutput>C:\Temp</computeroutput>.</para>
4795	</glossdef>
4796	</glossentry>
4797
4798	<glossentry>
4799	<glossterm><computeroutput><host-src0> [<host-src1> [...]]</computeroutput></glossterm>
4800	<glossdef>
4801	<para>Specifies the absolute path(s) of host file system file(s) to be copied. Mandatory. e.g.
4802	<computeroutput>C:\Windows\System32\calc.exe</computeroutput>.
4803	Wildcards can be used in the expression(s), e.g.
4804	<computeroutput>C:\Windows\System\.dll</computeroutput>.</para>
4805	</glossdef>
4806	</glossentry>
4807	</glosslist>
4808	</para>
4809	</listitem>
4810
4811	<listitem>
4812	<para><emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>md\|mkdir\|createdir\|createdirectory</computeroutput></emphasis>
4813	Creates one or more directory(ies) on the guest file system.
4814	(Note - only with Guest Additions 4.0 or later installed).</para>
4815
4816	<screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol <uuid\|vmname> md\|mkdir\|createdir\|createdirectory [common-options]
4817	[--parents] [--mode <mode>]
4818	<guest-dir0> [<guest-dir1> [...]] </screen>
4819
4820	<para>Where the parameters are: <glosslist>
4821	<glossentry>
4822	<glossterm><computeroutput><uuid\|vmname></computeroutput></glossterm>
4823	<glossdef>
4824	<para>Specifies the VM UUID or VM name. Mandatory.</para>
4825	</glossdef>
4826	</glossentry>
4827	<glossentry>
4828	<glossterm><computeroutput>--parents</computeroutput></glossterm>
4829	<glossdef>
4830	<para>Creates any absent parent directory(ies) of the specified directory. Optional.</para>
4831	<para>e.g. If specified directory is <computeroutput>D:\Foo\Bar</computeroutput>
4832	and <computeroutput>D:\Foo</computeroutput> is absent, it will
4833	be created. In such a case, had the <computeroutput>--parents</computeroutput>
4834	option not been used, this command would have failed.</para>
4835	</glossdef>
4836	</glossentry>
4837
4838	<glossentry>
4839	<glossterm><computeroutput>--mode <mode></computeroutput></glossterm>
4840	<glossdef>
4841	<para>Specifies the permission mode on the specified directory(ies) (and any parents,
4842	where <computeroutput>--parents</computeroutput> option used).
4843	Currently octal modes (e.g. <computeroutput>0755</computeroutput>) only are
4844	supported.</para>
4845	</glossdef>
4846	</glossentry>
4847
4848	<glossentry>
4849	<glossterm><computeroutput><guest-dir0> [<guest-dir1> [...]]</computeroutput></glossterm>
4850	<glossdef>
4851	<para>Specifies list of absolute path(s) of directory(ies) to be created on
4852	guest file system. Mandatory.
4853	e.g. <computeroutput>D:\Foo\Bar</computeroutput>.</para>
4854	<para>All parent directories must already exist
4855	unless switch <computeroutput>--parents</computeroutput> used.
4856	(e.g. in the above example <computeroutput>D:\Foo</computeroutput>).
4857	The specified user must have sufficient rights to create the
4858	specified directory(ies), and any parents that need
4859	to be created.</para>
4860	</glossdef>
4861	</glossentry>
4862	</glosslist>
4863	</para>
4864	</listitem>
4865
4866	<listitem>
4867	<para><emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>rmdir\|removedir\|removedirectory</computeroutput></emphasis>
4868	Deletes specified guest file system directories. (Only with installed Guest Additions 4.3.2 and later).</para>
4869
4870	<screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol <uuid\|vmname> rmdir\|removedir\|removedirectory [common-options]
4871	[--recursive\|-R]
4872	<guest-dir0> [<guest-dir1> [...]]
4873	</screen>
4874
4875	<para>Where the parameters are: <glosslist>
4876	<glossentry>
4877	<glossterm><computeroutput><uuid\|vmname></computeroutput></glossterm>
4878	<glossdef>
4879	<para>Specifies the VM UUID or VM name. Mandatory.</para>
4880	</glossdef>
4881	</glossentry>
4882
4883	<glossentry>
4884	<glossterm><computeroutput>--recursive</computeroutput></glossterm>
4885	<glossdef>
4886	<para>Recursively removes directories and contents. Optional.</para>
4887	</glossdef>
4888	</glossentry>
4889
4890	<glossentry>
4891	<glossterm><computeroutput><guest-dir0> [<guest-dir1> [...]]</computeroutput></glossterm>
4892	<glossdef>
4893	<para>Specifies list of the absolute path(s) of directory(ies) to be deleted on
4894	guest file system. Mandatory. Wildcards are allowed. e.g. <computeroutput>D:\Foo\*Bar</computeroutput>.
4895	The specified user must have sufficient rights to delete the
4896	specified directory(ies).</para>
4897	</glossdef>
4898	</glossentry>
4899	</glosslist></para>
4900	</listitem>
4901
4902	<listitem>
4903	<para><emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>rm\|removefile</computeroutput></emphasis>
4904	Deletes specified files on the guest file system. (Only with installed Guest
4905	Additions 4.3.2 and later).</para>
4906
4907	<screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol <uuid\|vmname> rm\|removefile [common-options]
4908	[-f\|--force]
4909	<guest-file0> [<guest-file1> [...]] </screen>
4910
4911	<para>Where the parameters are: <glosslist>
4912	<glossentry>
4913	<glossterm><computeroutput><uuid\|vmname></computeroutput></glossterm>
4914	<glossdef>
4915	<para>Specifies the VM UUID or VM name. Mandatory.</para>
4916	</glossdef>
4917	</glossentry>
4918
4919	<glossentry>
4920	<glossterm><computeroutput>-f\|--force</computeroutput></glossterm>
4921	<glossdef>
4922	<para>Enforce operation (override any requests for confirmations). Optional.</para>
4923	</glossdef>
4924	</glossentry>
4925
4926	<glossentry>
4927	<glossterm><computeroutput><guest-file0> [<guest-file1> [...]]</computeroutput></glossterm>
4928	<glossdef>
4929	<para>Specifies list of absolute path(s) of file(s) to be deleted on guest file system. Mandatory.
4930	Wildcards are allowed. e.g. <computeroutput>D:\Foo\Bar\text*.txt</computeroutput>.
4931	The specified user should have sufficient rights to delete the specified file(s).</para>
4932	</glossdef>
4933	</glossentry>
4934	</glosslist>
4935	</para>
4936	</listitem>
4937
4938	<listitem>
4939	<para><emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>mv\|move\|ren\|rename</computeroutput></emphasis>
4940	This subcommand renames file(s) and/or directory(ies) on the guest file system. (Only with installed Guest
4941	Additions 4.3.2 and later).</para>
4942
4943	<screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol <uuid\|vmname> mv\|move\|ren\|rename [common-options]
4944	<guest-source0> [<guest-source1> [...]] <guest-dest></screen>
4945
4946	<para>Where the parameters are: <glosslist>
4947	<glossentry>
4948	<glossterm><computeroutput><uuid\|vmname></computeroutput></glossterm>
4949	<glossdef>
4950	<para>Specifies the VM UUID or VM name. Mandatory.</para>
4951	</glossdef>
4952	</glossentry>
4953
4954	<glossentry>
4955	<glossterm><computeroutput><guest-source0> [<guest-source1> [...]]</computeroutput></glossterm>
4956	<glossdef>
4957	<para>Specifies absolute path(s) of file(s) and/or single directory to be moved/renamed on guest
4958	file system. Mandatory.
4959	Wildcards are allowed in file names(s). The specified user should have sufficient rights to
4960	access the specified file(s).</para>
4961	</glossdef>
4962	</glossentry>
4963
4964	<glossentry>
4965	<glossterm><computeroutput><dest></computeroutput></glossterm>
4966	<glossdef>
4967	<para>Specifies the absolute path of the destination file/directory to which the file(s)
4968	are to be moved. Mandatory. If only one file to be moved, <dest> can be file or directory,
4969	else it must be a directory.
4970	The specified user must have sufficient rights to access the destination file/directory.</para>
4971	</glossdef>
4972	</glossentry>
4973	</glosslist></para>
4974	</listitem>
4975
4976	<listitem>
4977	<para><emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>mktemp\|createtemp\|createtemporary</computeroutput></emphasis>
4978	Creates a temporary file/directory on the guest file system, to assist subsequent
4979	copying of files from the host to the guest file systems. By default, the file/directory
4980	is created in the guest's platform specific temp directory. Not currently supported.
4981	(Only with installed Guest Additions 4.2 and later).</para>
4982
4983	<screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol <uuid\|vmname> mktemp\|createtemp\|createtemporary [common-options]
4984	[--directory] [--secure] [--mode <mode>] [--tmpdir <directory>]
4985	<template>
4986	</screen>
4987
4988	<para>The parameters are: <glosslist>
4989	<glossentry>
4990	<glossterm><computeroutput><uuid\|vmname></computeroutput></glossterm>
4991	<glossdef>
4992	<para>Specifies the VM UUID or VM name. Mandatory.</para>
4993	</glossdef>
4994	</glossentry>
4995
4996	<glossentry>
4997	<glossterm><computeroutput>--directory</computeroutput></glossterm>
4998	<glossdef>
4999	<para>Creates a temporary directory instead of a file, specified by the <template> parameter. Optional.</para>
5000	</glossdef>
5001	</glossentry>
5002
5003	<glossentry>
5004	<glossterm><computeroutput>--secure</computeroutput></glossterm>
5005	<glossdef>
5006	<para>
5007	Enforces secure file/directory creation. Optional. The permission mode is set to
5008	<computeroutput>0755</computeroutput>. Operation fails if it cannot be performed securely.
5009	</para>
5010	</glossdef>
5011	</glossentry>
5012
5013	<glossentry>
5014	<glossterm><computeroutput>--mode <mode></computeroutput></glossterm>
5015	<glossdef>
5016	<para>Specifies the permission mode of the specified directory. Optional.
5017	Currently only octal modes (e.g. <computeroutput>0755</computeroutput>)
5018	are supported.</para>
5019	</glossdef>
5020	</glossentry>
5021
5022	<glossentry>
5023	<glossterm><computeroutput>--tmpdir <directory></computeroutput></glossterm>
5024	<glossdef>
5025	<para>
5026	Specifies the absolute path of the directory on the guest file system into which the
5027	file/directory specified in will be created. Optional.
5028	If unspecified, the platform-specific temp directory is used.
5029	</para>
5030	</glossdef>
5031	</glossentry>
5032
5033	<glossentry>
5034	<glossterm><computeroutput><template></computeroutput></glossterm>
5035	<glossdef>
5036	<para>Specifies a file name without a directory path, containing at least one sequence comprising
5037	three consecutive 'X' characters, or ending in 'X'. Mandatory.
5038	</para>
5039	</glossdef>
5040	</glossentry>
5041	</glosslist></para>
5042	</listitem>
5043
5044	<listitem>
5045	<para><emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>stat</computeroutput></emphasis>
5046	Displays file or file system status(es) on the guest.</para>
5047
5048	<screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol <uuid\|vmname> stat [common-options]
5049	<file0> [<file1> [...]]</screen>
5050
5051	<para>Where the parameters are: <glosslist>
5052	<glossentry>
5053	<glossterm><computeroutput><uuid\|vmname></computeroutput></glossterm>
5054	<glossdef>
5055	<para>Specifies the VM UUID or VM name. Mandatory.</para>
5056	</glossdef>
5057	</glossentry>
5058
5059	<glossentry>
5060	<glossterm><computeroutput><file0> [<file1> [...]]</computeroutput></glossterm>
5061	<glossdef>
5062	<para>Specifies absolute path(s) of file(s) and/or file system(s) on guest file system. Mandatory.
5063	e.g. <computeroutput>/home/foo/a.out</computeroutput>.
5064	The specified user should have sufficient rights to access
5065	the specified file(s)/file system(s).</para>
5066	</glossdef>
5067	</glossentry>
5068	</glosslist></para>
5069	</listitem>
5070	</itemizedlist>
5071	</para>
5072
5073	<para>The second set of subcommands is of the form:</para>
5074	<screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol <uuid\|vmname> <sub-command>
5075	[-v\|--verbose] [-q\|quiet] ...
5076	</screen>
5077
5078	<para>The "common-options" are:</para>
5079	<screen>
5080	[-v\|--verbose] [-q\|--quiet]
5081	</screen>
5082
5083	<para>Where details of the common options for the second set of subcommands are:
5084	<glosslist>
5085
5086	<glossentry>
5087	<glossterm><computeroutput>-v\|--verbose</computeroutput></glossterm>
5088	<glossdef><para>Makes the sub-command execution more verbose. Optional.</para></glossdef>
5089	</glossentry>
5090
5091	<glossentry>
5092	<glossterm><computeroutput>-q\|--quiet</computeroutput></glossterm>
5093	<glossdef><para>Makes the sub-command execution quieter. Optional.</para></glossdef>
5094	</glossentry>
5095	</glosslist>
5096	</para>
5097
5098	<para>The second set of subcommands: <itemizedlist>
5099	<listitem>
5100	<para><emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>list</computeroutput></emphasis>
5101	Lists guest control configuration and status data, e.g. open guest sessions,
5102	guest processes and files.</para>
5103
5104	<screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol <uuid\|vmname> list [common-opts]
5105	<all\|sessions\|processes\|files> </screen>
5106
5107	<para>Where the parameters are: <glosslist>
5108	<glossentry>
5109	<glossterm><computeroutput><uuid\|vmname></computeroutput></glossterm>
5110	<glossdef>
5111	<para>Specifies the VM UUID or VM name. Mandatory.</para>
5112	</glossdef>
5113	</glossentry>
5114
5115	<glossentry>
5116	<glossterm><computeroutput>all\|sessions\|processes\|files</computeroutput></glossterm>
5117	<glossdef>
5118	<para>Indicates whether to list all available data or guest sessions, processes or files.
5119	Mandatory.</para>
5120	</glossdef>
5121	</glossentry>
5122
5123	</glosslist></para>
5124	</listitem>
5125
5126	<listitem>
5127	<para><emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>closeprocess</computeroutput></emphasis>
5128	Terminates guest processes specified by PID(s))running in guest session(s),
5129	specified by the session ID or name(s).</para>
5130
5131	<screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol <uuid\|vmname> closeprocess [common-options]
5132	--session-id <ID> \| --session-name <name or pattern>
5133	<PID0> [<PID1> [...]] </screen>
5134
5135	<para>Where the parameters are: <glosslist>
5136	<glossentry>
5137	<glossterm><computeroutput><uuid\|vmname></computeroutput></glossterm>
5138	<glossdef>
5139	<para>Specifies the VM UUID or VM name. Mandatory.</para>
5140	</glossdef>
5141	</glossentry>
5142
5143	<glossentry>
5144	<glossterm><computeroutput>--session-id <ID></computeroutput></glossterm>
5145	<glossdef>
5146	<para>Specifies the guest session by its ID. Optional.</para>
5147	</glossdef>
5148	</glossentry>
5149
5150	<glossentry>
5151	<glossterm><computeroutput>--session-name <name or pattern></computeroutput></glossterm>
5152	<glossdef>
5153	<para>Specifies the guest session by its name, or multiple sessions
5154	using a pattern containing wildcards. Optional.</para>
5155	</glossdef>
5156	</glossentry>
5157
5158	<glossentry>
5159	<glossterm><computeroutput><PID0> [<PID1> [...]]</computeroutput></glossterm>
5160	<glossdef>
5161	<para>Specifies a list of process identifiers (PIDs) of guest processes to be terminated. Mandatory.</para>
5162	</glossdef>
5163	</glossentry>
5164	</glosslist></para>
5165	</listitem>
5166
5167	<listitem>
5168	<para><emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>closesession</computeroutput></emphasis>
5169	Closes specified guest sessions, specified either by session ID or name.</para>
5170
5171	<screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol <uuid\|vmname> closesession [common-options]
5172	--session-id <ID> \| --session-name <name or pattern> \| --all </screen>
5173
5174	<para>Where the parameters are: <glosslist>
5175	<glossentry>
5176	<glossterm><computeroutput><uuid\|vmname></computeroutput></glossterm>
5177	<glossdef>
5178	<para>Specifies the VM UUID or VM name. Mandatory.</para>
5179	</glossdef>
5180	</glossentry>
5181
5182	<glossentry>
5183	<glossterm><computeroutput>--session-id <ID></computeroutput></glossterm>
5184	<glossdef>
5185	<para>Specifies the guest session to be closed by ID. Optional.</para>
5186	</glossdef>
5187	</glossentry>
5188
5189	<glossentry>
5190	<glossterm><computeroutput>--session-name <name or pattern></computeroutput></glossterm>
5191	<glossdef>
5192	<para>Specifies the guest session to be closed by name. Optional.
5193	Multiple sessions can be specified by using a pattern
5194	containing wildcards. </para>
5195	</glossdef>
5196	</glossentry>
5197
5198	<glossentry>
5199	<glossterm><computeroutput>--all</computeroutput></glossterm>
5200	<glossdef>
5201	<para>Close all guest sessions. Optional.</para>
5202	</glossdef>
5203	</glossentry>
5204	</glosslist></para>
5205	</listitem>
5206
5207	<listitem>
5208	<para><emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>updatega\|updateadditions\|updateguestadditions</computeroutput></emphasis>
5209	Ugrades Guest Additions already installed on the guest.
5210	(Only already installed Guest Additions 4.0 and later).</para>
5211
5212	<screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol <uuid\|vmname> updatega\|updateadditions\|updateguestadditions [common-options]
5213	[--source <New .ISO path>]
5214	[--wait-start]
5215	[-- <argument0> [<argument1> [...]]]</screen>
5216
5217	<para>Where the parameters are: <glosslist>
5218	<glossentry>
5219	<glossterm><computeroutput><uuid\|vmname></computeroutput></glossterm>
5220	<glossdef>
5221	<para>Specifies the VM UUID or VM name. Mandatory.</para>
5222	</glossdef>
5223	</glossentry>
5224
5225	<glossentry>
5226	<glossterm><computeroutput>--source</computeroutput> <New .ISO path></glossterm>
5227	<glossdef>
5228	<para>Specifies the absolute path on guest file system of the .ISO file for Guest Additions update. Mandatory.</para>
5229	</glossdef>
5230	</glossentry>
5231
5232	<glossentry>
5233	<glossterm><computeroutput>--wait-start</computeroutput></glossterm>
5234	<glossdef>
5235	<para>Indicates that VBoxManage starts the usual updating process on the guest and then waits
5236	until the actual Guest Additions updating begins, at which point VBoxManage self-terminates. Optional.</para>
5237	<para>Default behavior is that VBoxManage waits for completion of the Guest Additions update before
5238	terminating. Use of this option is sometimes necessary, as a running VBoxManage
5239	can affect the interaction between the installer and the guest OS.</para>
5240	</glossdef>
5241	</glossentry>
5242
5243	<glossentry>
5244	<glossterm><computeroutput>[-- <argument0> [<argument1> [...]]]</computeroutput></glossterm>
5245	<glossdef>
5246	<para>Specifies optional command line arguments to be supplied to the Guest Additions
5247	updater. Useful for retrofitting features which are not currently installed.</para>
5248	<para>Arguments containing spaces should be enclosed by quotes.</para>
5249	</glossdef>
5250	</glossentry>
5251	</glosslist></para>
5252	</listitem>
5253
5254	<listitem>
5255	<para><emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>watch</computeroutput></emphasis>
5256	This subcommand prints current guest control activity.</para>
5257
5258	<screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol <uuid\|vmname> watch [common-options]
5259	</screen>
5260	<para>Where the parameters are: <glosslist>
5261	<glossentry>
5262	<glossterm><computeroutput><uuid\|vmname></computeroutput></glossterm>
5263	<glossdef>
5264	<para>Specifies the VM UUID or VM name. Mandatory.</para>
5265	</glossdef>
5266	</glossentry>
5267	</glosslist></para>
5268	</listitem>
5269	</itemizedlist></para>
5270	</sect1>
5271
5272	<sect1 id="metrics">
5273	<title>VBoxManage metrics</title>
5274
5275	<para>This command supports monitoring the usage of system resources.
5276	Resources are represented by various metrics associated with the host
5277	system or a particular VM. For example, the host system has a
5278	<computeroutput>CPU/Load/User</computeroutput> metric that shows the
5279	percentage of time CPUs spend executing in user mode over a specific
5280	sampling period.</para>
5281
5282	<para>Metric data is collected and retained internally; it may be
5283	retrieved at any time with the <computeroutput>VBoxManage metrics
5284	query</computeroutput> subcommand. The data is available as long as the
5285	background <computeroutput>VBoxSVC</computeroutput> process is alive. That
5286	process terminates shortly after all VMs and frontends have been
5287	closed.</para>
5288
5289	<para>By default no metrics are collected at all. Metrics collection does
5290	not start until <computeroutput>VBoxManage metrics setup</computeroutput>
5291	is invoked with a proper sampling interval and the number of metrics to be
5292	retained. The interval is measured in seconds. For example, to enable
5293	collecting the host processor and memory usage metrics every second and
5294	keeping the 5 most current samples, the following command can be
5295	used:</para>
5296
5297	<screen>VBoxManage metrics setup --period 1 --samples 5 host CPU/Load,RAM/Usage</screen>
5298
5299	<para>Metric collection can only be enabled for started VMs. Collected
5300	data and collection settings for a particular VM will disappear as soon as
5301	it shuts down. Use <computeroutput>VBoxManage metrics list
5302	</computeroutput> subcommand to see which metrics are currently available.
5303	You can also use <computeroutput>--list</computeroutput> option with any
5304	subcommand that modifies metric settings to find out which metrics were
5305	affected.</para>
5306
5307	<para>Note that the <computeroutput>VBoxManage metrics
5308	setup</computeroutput> subcommand discards all samples that may have been
5309	previously collected for the specified set of objects and metrics.</para>
5310
5311	<para>To enable or disable metrics collection without discarding the data
5312	<computeroutput>VBoxManage metrics enable</computeroutput> and
5313	<computeroutput>VBoxManage metrics disable</computeroutput> subcommands
5314	can be used. Note that these subcommands expect metrics, not submetrics,
5315	like <code>CPU/Load</code> or <code>RAM/Usage</code> as parameters. In
5316	other words enabling <code>CPU/Load/User</code> while disabling
5317	<code>CPU/Load/Kernel</code> is not supported.</para>
5318
5319	<para>The host and VMs have different sets of associated metrics.
5320	Available metrics can be listed with <computeroutput>VBoxManage metrics
5321	list</computeroutput> subcommand.</para>
5322
5323	<para>A complete metric name may include an aggregate function. The name
5324	has the following form:
5325	<computeroutput>Category/Metric[/SubMetric][:aggregate]</computeroutput>.
5326	For example, <computeroutput>RAM/Usage/Free:min</computeroutput> stands
5327	for the minimum amount of available memory over all retained data if
5328	applied to the host object.</para>
5329
5330	<para>Subcommands may apply to all objects and metrics or can be limited
5331	to one object or/and a list of metrics. If no objects or metrics are given
5332	in the parameters, the subcommands will apply to all available metrics of
5333	all objects. You may use an asterisk
5334	("<computeroutput>*</computeroutput>") to explicitly specify that the
5335	command should be applied to all objects or metrics. Use "host" as the
5336	object name to limit the scope of the command to host-related metrics. To
5337	limit the scope to a subset of metrics, use a metric list with names
5338	separated by commas.</para>
5339
5340	<para>For example, to query metric data on the CPU time spent in user and
5341	kernel modes by the virtual machine named "test", you can use the
5342	following command:</para>
5343
5344	<screen>VBoxManage metrics query test CPU/Load/User,CPU/Load/Kernel</screen>
5345
5346	<para>The following list summarizes the available subcommands:</para>
5347
5348	<glosslist>
5349	<glossentry>
5350	<glossterm><computeroutput>list</computeroutput></glossterm>
5351
5352	<glossdef>
5353	<para>This subcommand shows the parameters of the currently existing
5354	metrics. Note that VM-specific metrics are only available when a
5355	particular VM is running.</para>
5356	</glossdef>
5357	</glossentry>
5358
5359	<glossentry>
5360	<glossterm><computeroutput>setup</computeroutput></glossterm>
5361
5362	<glossdef>
5363	<para>This subcommand sets the interval between taking two samples
5364	of metric data and the number of samples retained internally. The
5365	retained data is available for displaying with the
5366	<code>query</code> subcommand. The <computeroutput>--list
5367	</computeroutput> option shows which metrics have been modified as
5368	the result of the command execution.</para>
5369	</glossdef>
5370	</glossentry>
5371
5372	<glossentry>
5373	<glossterm><computeroutput>enable</computeroutput></glossterm>
5374
5375	<glossdef>
5376	<para>This subcommand "resumes" data collection after it has been
5377	stopped with <code>disable</code> subcommand. Note that specifying
5378	submetrics as parameters will not enable underlying metrics. Use
5379	<computeroutput>--list</computeroutput> to find out if the command
5380	did what was expected.</para>
5381	</glossdef>
5382	</glossentry>
5383
5384	<glossentry>
5385	<glossterm><computeroutput>disable</computeroutput></glossterm>
5386
5387	<glossdef>
5388	<para>This subcommand "suspends" data collection without affecting
5389	collection parameters or collected data. Note that specifying
5390	submetrics as parameters will not disable underlying metrics. Use
5391	<computeroutput>--list</computeroutput> to find out if the command
5392	did what was expected.</para>
5393	</glossdef>
5394	</glossentry>
5395
5396	<glossentry>
5397	<glossterm><computeroutput>query</computeroutput></glossterm>
5398
5399	<glossdef>
5400	<para>This subcommand retrieves and displays the currently retained
5401	metric data.<note>
5402	<para>The <code>query</code> subcommand does not remove or
5403	"flush" retained data. If you query often enough you will see
5404	how old samples are gradually being "phased out" by new
5405	samples.</para>
5406	</note></para>
5407	</glossdef>
5408	</glossentry>
5409
5410	<glossentry>
5411	<glossterm><computeroutput>collect</computeroutput></glossterm>
5412
5413	<glossdef>
5414	<para>This subcommand sets the interval between taking two samples
5415	of metric data and the number of samples retained internally. The
5416	collected data is displayed periodically until Ctrl-C is pressed
5417	unless the <computeroutput>--detach</computeroutput> option is
5418	specified. With the <computeroutput>--detach</computeroutput>
5419	option, this subcommand operates the same way as <code>setup</code>
5420	does. The <computeroutput>--list</computeroutput> option shows which
5421	metrics match the specified filter.</para>
5422	</glossdef>
5423	</glossentry>
5424	</glosslist>
5425	</sect1>
5426
5427	<sect1 id="vboxmanage-natnetwork">
5428	<title>VBoxManage natnetwork</title>
5429
5430	<para>NAT networks use the Network Address Translation (NAT) service - which works in a
5431	similar way to a home router. It groups systems using it into a network and prevents
5432	outside systems from directly accessing those inside, while letting systems inside communicate
5433	with each other and outside systems using TCP and UDP over IPv4 and IPv6.</para>
5434
5435	<para>A NAT service is attached to an internal network. Virtual machines to make use of one
5436	should be attached to it. The name of an internal network is chosen when the NAT service is
5437	created, and the internal network will be created if it does not already exist.
5438	An example command to create a NAT network:</para>
5439
5440	<screen>VBoxManage natnetwork add --netname natnet1 --network "192.168.15.0/24" --enable</screen>
5441
5442	<para>Here, "natnet1" is the name of the internal network to be used and "192.168.15.0/24" is the
5443	network address and mask of the NAT service interface. By default, in this static configuration
5444	- the gateway will be assigned the address 192.168.15.1 (the address after the interface address),
5445	though this is subject to change.</para>
5446
5447	<para>To add a DHCP server to the NAT network after creation:</para>
5448
5449	<screen>VBoxManage natnetwork modify --netname natnet1 --dhcp on</screen>
5450
5451	<para>Below are the subcommands for <emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>VBoxManage natnetwork </computeroutput></emphasis></para>
5452
5453	<screen>VBoxManage natnetwork add --netname <name>
5454	[--network <network>]
5455	[--enable\|--disable]
5456	[--dhcp on\|off]
5457	[--port-forward-4 <rule>]
5458	[--loopback-4 <rule>]
5459	[--ipv6 on\|off]
5460	[--port-forward-6 <rule>]
5461	[--loopback-6 <rule>]
5462	</screen>
5463
5464
5465	<para><emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>VBoxManage natnetwork add</computeroutput></emphasis>
5466	Creates a new internal network interface, and adds a NAT network service. This command is a
5467	prerequisite for enabling attachment of VMs to the NAT network. Parameters:</para>
5468
5469	<para>
5470	<glosslist>
5471	<glossentry>
5472	<glossterm><computeroutput>--netname <name></computeroutput></glossterm>
5473	<glossdef>
5474	<para>Where <name> is the name of the new internal network interface on the host OS. </para>
5475	</glossdef>
5476	</glossentry>
5477	<glossentry>
5478	<glossterm><computeroutput>--network <network></computeroutput></glossterm>
5479	<glossdef>
5480	<para>Where <network> specifies the static(default)/DHCP network address and mask of
5481	the NAT service interface.</para>
5482	</glossdef>
5483	</glossentry>
5484	<glossentry>
5485	<glossterm><computeroutput>--enable\|--disable</computeroutput></glossterm>
5486	<glossdef>
5487	<para>Enables/disables the NAT network service.</para>
5488	</glossdef>
5489	</glossentry>
5490	<glossentry>
5491	<glossterm><computeroutput>--dhcp on\|off</computeroutput></glossterm>
5492	<glossdef>
5493	<para>Enables/disables DHCP server specified by --netname; its use also indicates that it
5494	is a DHCP server.</para>
5495	</glossdef>
5496	</glossentry>
5497	<glossentry>
5498	<glossterm><computeroutput>--port-forward-4 <rule></computeroutput></glossterm>
5499	<glossdef>
5500	<para>Enables IPv4 port forwarding, rule specified by <rule>.</para>
5501	</glossdef>
5502	</glossentry>
5503	<glossentry>
5504	<glossterm><computeroutput>--loopback-4 <rule></computeroutput></glossterm>
5505	<glossdef>
5506	<para>Enables IPv4 loopback interface, rule specified by <rule>.</para>
5507	</glossdef>
5508	</glossentry>
5509	<glossentry>
5510	<glossterm><computeroutput>--ipv6 on\|off</computeroutput></glossterm>
5511	<glossdef>
5512	<para>Enables/disables IPv6 (default is IPv4, disables gives IPv4).</para>
5513	</glossdef>
5514	</glossentry>
5515	<glossentry>
5516	<glossterm><computeroutput>--port-forward-6 <rule></computeroutput></glossterm>
5517	<glossdef>
5518	<para>Enables IPv6 port forwarding, rule specified by <rule>.</para>
5519	</glossdef>
5520	</glossentry>
5521	<glossentry>
5522	<glossterm><computeroutput>--loopback-6 <rule></computeroutput></glossterm>
5523	<glossdef>
5524	<para>Enables IPv6 loopback interface, rule specified by <rule>.</para>
5525	</glossdef>
5526	</glossentry>
5527	</glosslist>
5528	</para>
5529
5530	<screen>VBoxManage natnetwork remove --netname <name> </screen>
5531
5532	<para><emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>VBoxManage natnetwork remove</computeroutput></emphasis>
5533	Removes a NAT network service, parameters:</para>
5534
5535	<para>
5536	<glosslist>
5537	<glossentry>
5538	<glossterm><computeroutput>--netname <name></computeroutput></glossterm>
5539	<glossdef>
5540	<para>Where <name> specifies an existing NAT network service.
5541	Does not remove any DHCP server enabled on the network.</para>
5542	</glossdef>
5543	</glossentry>
5544	</glosslist>
5545	</para>
5546
5547	<screen>VBoxManage natnetwork modify --netname <name>
5548	[--network <network>]
5549	[--enable\|--disable]
5550	[--dhcp on\|off]
5551	[--port-forward-4 <rule>]
5552	[--loopback-4 <rule>]
5553	[--ipv6 on\|off]
5554	[--port-forward-6 <rule>]
5555	[--loopback-6 <rule>]
5556	</screen>
5557
5558	<para><emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>VBoxManage natnetwork modify</computeroutput></emphasis>
5559	Modifies an existing NAT network service, parameters:</para>
5560
5561	<para>
5562	<glosslist>
5563	<glossentry>
5564	<glossterm><computeroutput>--netname <name></computeroutput></glossterm>
5565	<glossdef>
5566	<para>Where <name> specifies an existing NAT network service.</para>
5567	</glossdef>
5568	</glossentry>
5569	<glossentry>
5570	<glossterm><computeroutput>--network <network></computeroutput></glossterm>
5571	<glossdef>
5572	<para>Where <network> specifies the new static(default)/DHCP network address and mask
5573	of the NAT service interface.</para>
5574	</glossdef>
5575	</glossentry>
5576	<glossentry>
5577	<glossterm><computeroutput>--enable\|--disable</computeroutput></glossterm>
5578	<glossdef>
5579	<para>Enables/disables the NAT network service.</para>
5580	</glossdef>
5581	</glossentry>
5582	<glossentry>
5583	<glossterm><computeroutput>--dhcp on\|off</computeroutput></glossterm>
5584	<glossdef>
5585	<para>Enables (and if absent, adds)/disables (if any) DHCP server.</para>
5586	</glossdef>
5587	</glossentry>
5588	<glossentry>
5589	<glossterm><computeroutput>--port-forward-4 <rule></computeroutput></glossterm>
5590	<glossdef>
5591	<para>Enables IPv4 port forwarding, rule specified by <rule>.</para>
5592	</glossdef>
5593	</glossentry>
5594	<glossentry>
5595	<glossterm><computeroutput>--loopback-4 <rule></computeroutput></glossterm>
5596	<glossdef>
5597	<para>Enables IPv4 loopback interface, rule specified by <rule>.</para>
5598	</glossdef>
5599	</glossentry>
5600	<glossentry>
5601	<glossterm><computeroutput>--ipv6 on\|off</computeroutput></glossterm>
5602	<glossdef>
5603	<para>Enables/disables IPv6 (default is IPv4, disables gives IPv4).</para>
5604	</glossdef>
5605	</glossentry>
5606	<glossentry>
5607	<glossterm><computeroutput>--port-forward-6 <rule></computeroutput></glossterm>
5608	<glossdef>
5609	<para>Enables IPv6 port forwarding, rule specified by <rule>.</para>
5610	</glossdef>
5611	</glossentry>
5612	<glossentry>
5613	<glossterm><computeroutput>--loopback-6 <rule></computeroutput></glossterm>
5614	<glossdef>
5615	<para>Enables IPv6 loopback interface, rule specified by <rule>.</para>
5616	</glossdef>
5617	</glossentry>
5618	</glosslist>
5619	</para>
5620
5621	<screen>VBoxManage natnetwork start --netname <name>
5622	</screen>
5623
5624	<para><emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>VBoxManage natnetwork start</computeroutput></emphasis>
5625	Starts specified NAT network service and any associated DHCP server, parameters:</para>
5626
5627	<para>
5628	<glosslist>
5629	<glossentry>
5630	<glossterm><computeroutput>--netname <name></computeroutput></glossterm>
5631	<glossdef>
5632	<para>Where <name> specifies an existing NAT network service.</para>
5633	</glossdef>
5634	</glossentry>
5635	</glosslist>
5636	</para>
5637
5638	<screen>VBoxManage natnetwork stop --netname <name>
5639	</screen>
5640
5641	<para><emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>VBoxManage natnetwork stop</computeroutput></emphasis>
5642	Stops specified NAT network service and any DHCP server, parameters:</para>
5643
5644	<para>
5645	<glosslist>
5646	<glossentry>
5647	<glossterm><computeroutput>--netname <name></computeroutput></glossterm>
5648	<glossdef>
5649	<para>Where <name> specifies an existing NAT network service.</para>
5650	</glossdef>
5651	</glossentry>
5652	</glosslist>
5653	</para>
5654
5655	<screen>VBoxManage natnetwork list [<pattern>] </screen>
5656
5657	<para><emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>VBoxManage natnetwork list</computeroutput></emphasis>
5658	Lists all NAT network services with optional filtering, parameters:</para>
5659
5660	<para>
5661	<glosslist>
5662	<glossentry>
5663	<glossterm><computeroutput>[<pattern>]</computeroutput></glossterm>
5664	<glossdef>
5665	<para>Where <pattern> is optional filtering pattern.</para>
5666	</glossdef>
5667	</glossentry>
5668	</glosslist>
5669	</para>
5670	</sect1>
5671
5672	<sect1 id="vboxmanage-hostonlyif">
5673	<title>VBoxManage hostonlyif</title>
5674
5675	<para>With "hostonlyif" you can change the IP configuration of a host-only
5676	network interface. For a description of host-only networking, please
5677	refer to <xref linkend="network_hostonly" />. Each host-only interface is
5678	identified by a name and can either use the internal DHCP server or a
5679	manual IP configuration (both IP4 and IP6).</para>
5680
5681	<para>The following list summarizes the available subcommands:</para>
5682
5683	<glosslist>
5684	<glossentry>
5685	<glossterm><computeroutput>ipconfig "<name>"</computeroutput></glossterm>
5686	<glossdef>
5687	<para>Configure a hostonly interface</para>
5688	</glossdef>
5689	</glossentry>
5690	<glossentry>
5691	<glossterm><computeroutput>create</computeroutput></glossterm>
5692	<glossdef>
5693	<para>Creates a new vboxnet<N> interface on the host OS.
5694	This command is essential before you can attach VMs to host-only network.</para>
5695	</glossdef>
5696	</glossentry>
5697	<glossentry>
5698	<glossterm><computeroutput>remove vboxnet<N></computeroutput></glossterm>
5699	<glossdef>
5700	<para>Removes a vboxnet<N> interface from the host OS.</para>
5701	</glossdef>
5702	</glossentry>
5703	</glosslist>
5704
5705	</sect1>
5706
5707	<sect1 id="vboxmanage-dhcpserver">
5708	<title>VBoxManage dhcpserver</title>
5709
5710	<para>The "dhcpserver" commands allow you to control the DHCP server that
5711	is built into VirtualBox. You may find this useful when using internal or
5712	host-only networking. (Theoretically, you can enable it for a bridged
5713	network as well, but that will likely cause conflicts with other DHCP
5714	servers in your physical network.)</para>
5715
5716	<para>Use the following command line options:<itemizedlist>
5717	<listitem>
5718	<para>If you use internal networking for a virtual network adapter
5719	of a virtual machine, use <computeroutput>VBoxManage dhcpserver add
5720	--netname <network_name></computeroutput>, where
5721	<computeroutput><network_name></computeroutput> is the same
5722	network name you used with <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm
5723	<vmname> --intnet<X>
5724	<network_name></computeroutput>.</para>
5725	</listitem>
5726
5727	<listitem>
5728	<para>If you use host-only networking for a virtual network adapter
5729	of a virtual machine, use <computeroutput>VBoxManage dhcpserver add
5730	--ifname <hostonly_if_name></computeroutput> instead, where
5731	<computeroutput><hostonly_if_name></computeroutput> is the
5732	same host-only interface name you used with
5733	<computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm <vmname>
5734	--hostonlyadapter<X>
5735	<hostonly_if_name></computeroutput>.</para>
5736
5737	<para>Alternatively, you can also use the
5738	<computeroutput>--netname</computeroutput> option as with
5739	internal networks if you know the host-only network's name; you can
5740	see the names with <computeroutput>VBoxManage list
5741	hostonlyifs</computeroutput> (see <xref linkend="vboxmanage-list" />
5742	above).</para>
5743	</listitem>
5744	</itemizedlist></para>
5745
5746	<para>The following additional parameters are required when first adding a
5747	DHCP server:<itemizedlist>
5748	<listitem>
5749	<para>With <computeroutput>--ip</computeroutput>, specify the IP
5750	address of the DHCP server itself.</para>
5751	</listitem>
5752
5753	<listitem>
5754	<para>With <computeroutput>--netmask</computeroutput>, specify the
5755	netmask of the network.</para>
5756	</listitem>
5757
5758	<listitem>
5759	<para>With <computeroutput>--lowerip</computeroutput> and
5760	<computeroutput>--upperip</computeroutput>, you can specify the
5761	lowest and highest IP address, respectively, that the DHCP server
5762	will hand out to clients.</para>
5763	</listitem>
5764	</itemizedlist></para>
5765
5766	<para>Finally, you must specify <computeroutput>--enable</computeroutput>
5767	or the DHCP server will be created in the disabled state, doing
5768	nothing.</para>
5769
5770	<para>After this, VirtualBox will automatically start the DHCP server for
5771	given internal or host-only network as soon as the first virtual machine
5772	which uses that network is started.</para>
5773
5774	<para>Reversely, use <computeroutput>VBoxManage dhcpserver
5775	remove</computeroutput> with the given <computeroutput>--netname
5776	<network_name></computeroutput> or <computeroutput>--ifname
5777	<hostonly_if_name></computeroutput> to remove the DHCP server again
5778	for the given internal or host-only network.</para>
5779
5780	<para>To modify the settings of a DHCP server created earlier with
5781	<computeroutput>VBoxManage dhcpserver add</computeroutput>, you can use
5782	<computeroutput>VBoxManage dhcpserver modify</computeroutput> for a given
5783	network or host-only interface name. This has the same parameters as
5784	<computeroutput>VBoxManage dhcpserver add</computeroutput>.</para>
5785	</sect1>
5786
5787	<sect1 id="vboxmanage-usbdevsource">
5788	<title>VBoxManage usbdevsource</title>
5789
5790	<para>The "usbdevsource" commands enables you to add and remove USB devices
5791	globally.</para>
5792
5793	<para>The following command adds a USB device.</para>
5794
5795	<screen>VBoxManage usbdevsource add <source name>
5796	--backend <backend>
5797	--address <address>
5798	</screen>
5799
5800	<para>Where the command line options are:<itemizedlist>
5801	<listitem>
5802	<para><source name> specifies the ID of the 'source' USB
5803	device to be added. Mandatory.</para>
5804	</listitem>
5805	<listitem>
5806	<para>--backend <backend> specifies the USB proxy service
5807	backend to use. Mandatory.</para>
5808	</listitem>
5809	<listitem>
5810	<para>--address <address> specifies the backend specific
5811	address. Mandatory.</para>
5812	</listitem>
5813	</itemizedlist></para>
5814
5815	<para>The following command removes a USB device.</para>
5816
5817	<screen>VBoxManage usbdevsource remove <source name>
5818	</screen>
5819
5820	<para>Where the command line options are:<itemizedlist>
5821	<listitem>
5822	<para><source name> specifies the ID of the 'source' USB
5823	device to be removed. Mandatory.</para>
5824	</listitem>
5825	</itemizedlist></para>
5826	</sect1>
5827
5828
5829	<xi:include href="user_man_VBoxManage-debugvm.xml" xpointer="element(/1)" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
5830	<xi:include href="user_man_VBoxManage-extpack.xml" xpointer="element(/1)" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
5831	<xi:include href="user_man_VBoxManage-unattended.xml" xpointer="element(/1)" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
5832	</chapter>

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source: vbox/trunk/doc/manual/en_US/user_VBoxManage.xml@ 70960

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