/* $Id: string.h 17648 2009-03-10 17:57:03Z vboxsync $ */

/** @file
 * MS COM / XPCOM Abstraction Layer:
 * Smart string classes declaration
 */

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2006-2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
 *
 * This file is part of VirtualBox Open Source Edition (OSE), as
 * available from http://www.virtualbox.org. This file is free software;
 * you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
 * General Public License (GPL) as published by the Free Software
 * Foundation, in version 2 as it comes in the "COPYING" file of the
 * VirtualBox OSE distribution. VirtualBox OSE is distributed in the
 * hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY of any kind.
 *
 * The contents of this file may alternatively be used under the terms
 * of the Common Development and Distribution License Version 1.0
 * (CDDL) only, as it comes in the "COPYING.CDDL" file of the
 * VirtualBox OSE distribution, in which case the provisions of the
 * CDDL are applicable instead of those of the GPL.
 *
 * You may elect to license modified versions of this file under the
 * terms and conditions of either the GPL or the CDDL or both.
 *
 * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa
 * Clara, CA 95054 USA or visit http://www.sun.com if you need
 * additional information or have any questions.
 */

#ifndef ___VBox_com_string_h
#define ___VBox_com_string_h

/* Make sure all the stdint.h macros are included - must come first! */
#ifndef __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
# define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
#endif
#ifndef __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS
# define __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS
#endif

#if defined (VBOX_WITH_XPCOM)
# include <nsMemory.h>
#endif

#include "VBox/com/defs.h"
#include "VBox/com/assert.h"

#include <iprt/string.h>
#include <iprt/cpputils.h>
#include <iprt/alloc.h>

namespace com
{

class Utf8Str;

/**
 *  Helper class that represents the |BSTR| type and hides platform-specific
 *  implementation details.
 *
 *  This class uses COM/XPCOM-provided memory management routines to allocate
 *  and free string buffers. This makes it possible to:
 *  - use it as a type of member variables of COM/XPCOM components and pass
 *    their values to callers through component methods' output parameters
 *    using the #cloneTo() operation;
 *  - adopt (take ownership of) string buffers returned in output parameters
 *    of COM methods using the #asOutParam() operation and correctly free them
 *    afterwards.
 */
class Bstr
{
public:

    typedef BSTR String;
    typedef CBSTR ConstString;

    Bstr () : bstr (NULL) {}

    Bstr (const Bstr &that) : bstr (NULL) { raw_copy (bstr, that.bstr); }
    Bstr (CBSTR that) : bstr (NULL) { raw_copy (bstr, that); }

#if defined (VBOX_WITH_XPCOM)
    Bstr (const wchar_t *that) : bstr (NULL)
    {
        AssertCompile (sizeof (wchar_t) == sizeof (OLECHAR));
        raw_copy (bstr, (CBSTR) that);
    }
#endif

    Bstr (const Utf8Str &that);
    Bstr (const char *that);

    /** Shortcut that calls #alloc(aSize) right after object creation. */
    Bstr (size_t aSize) : bstr (NULL) { alloc (aSize); }

    ~Bstr () { setNull(); }

    Bstr &operator = (const Bstr &that) { safe_assign (that.bstr); return *this; }
    Bstr &operator = (CBSTR that) { safe_assign (that); return *this; }

    Bstr &operator = (const Utf8Str &that);
    Bstr &operator = (const char *that);

    Bstr &setNull()
    {
        if (bstr)
        {
            ::SysFreeString (bstr);
            bstr = NULL;
        }
        return *this;
    }

    Bstr &setNullIfEmpty()
    {
        if (bstr && *bstr == 0)
        {
            ::SysFreeString (bstr);
            bstr = NULL;
        }
        return *this;
    }

    /**
     *  Allocates memory for a string capable to store \a aSize - 1 characters;
     *  in other words, aSize includes the terminating zero character. If \a aSize
     *  is zero, or if a memory allocation error occurs, this object will become null.
     */
    Bstr &alloc (size_t aSize)
    {
        setNull();
        if (aSize)
        {
            unsigned int size = (unsigned int) aSize; Assert (size == aSize);
            bstr = ::SysAllocStringLen (NULL, size - 1);
            if (bstr)
                bstr [0] = 0;
        }
        return *this;
    }

    int compare (CBSTR str) const
    {
        return ::RTUtf16Cmp ((PRTUTF16) bstr, (PRTUTF16) str);
    }

    int compare (BSTR str) const
    {
        return ::RTUtf16Cmp ((PRTUTF16) bstr, (PRTUTF16) str);
    }

    bool operator == (const Bstr &that) const { return !compare (that.bstr); }
    bool operator != (const Bstr &that) const { return !!compare (that.bstr); }
    bool operator == (CBSTR that) const { return !compare (that); }
    bool operator == (BSTR that) const { return !compare (that); }

#if defined (VBOX_WITH_XPCOM)
    bool operator != (const wchar_t *that) const
    {
        AssertCompile (sizeof (wchar_t) == sizeof (OLECHAR));
        return !!compare ((CBSTR) that);
    }
    bool operator == (const wchar_t *that) const
    {
        AssertCompile (sizeof (wchar_t) == sizeof (OLECHAR));
        return !compare ((CBSTR) that);
    }
#endif

    bool operator != (CBSTR that) const { return !!compare (that); }
    bool operator != (BSTR that) const { return !!compare (that); }
    bool operator < (const Bstr &that) const { return compare (that.bstr) < 0; }
    bool operator < (CBSTR that) const { return compare (that) < 0; }
    bool operator < (BSTR that) const { return compare (that) < 0; }
#if defined (VBOX_WITH_XPCOM)
    bool operator < (const wchar_t *that) const
    {
        AssertCompile (sizeof (wchar_t) == sizeof (OLECHAR));
        return compare ((CBSTR) that) < 0;
    }
#endif

    int compareIgnoreCase (CBSTR str) const
    {
        return ::RTUtf16LocaleICmp (bstr, str);
    }

    bool isNull() const { return bstr == NULL; }
    operator bool() const { return !isNull(); }

    bool isEmpty() const { return isNull() || *bstr == 0; }

    size_t length() const { return isNull() ? 0 : ::RTUtf16Len ((PRTUTF16) bstr); }

    /** Intended to to pass instances as |CBSTR| input parameters to methods. */
    operator CBSTR () const { return bstr; }

    /**
     * Intended to to pass instances as |BSTR| input parameters to methods.
     * Note that we have to provide this mutable BSTR operator since in MS COM
     * input BSTR parameters of interface methods are not const.
     */
    operator BSTR () { return bstr; }

    /**
     *  The same as operator CBSTR(), but for situations where the compiler
     *  cannot typecast implicitly (for example, in printf() argument list).
     */
    CBSTR raw() const { return bstr; }

    /**
     *  Returns a non-const raw pointer that allows to modify the string directly.
     *  @warning
     *      Be sure not to modify data beyond the allocated memory! The
     *      guaranteed size of the allocated memory is at least #length()
     *      bytes after creation and after every assignment operation.
     */
    BSTR mutableRaw() { return bstr; }

    /**
     *  Intended to assign copies of instances to |BSTR| out parameters from
     *  within the interface method. Transfers the ownership of the duplicated
     *  string to the caller.
     */
    const Bstr &cloneTo (BSTR *pstr) const
    {
        if (pstr)
        {
            *pstr = NULL;
            raw_copy (*pstr, bstr);
        }
        return *this;
    }

    /**
     *  Intended to assign instances to |BSTR| out parameters from within the
     *  interface method. Transfers the ownership of the original string to the
     *  caller and resets the instance to null.
     *
     *  As opposed to cloneTo(), this method doesn't create a copy of the
     *  string.
     */
    Bstr &detachTo (BSTR *pstr)
    {
        *pstr = bstr;
        bstr = NULL;
        return *this;
    }

    /**
     *  Intended to assign copies of instances to |char *| out parameters from
     *  within the interface method. Transfers the ownership of the duplicated
     *  string to the caller.
     */
    const Bstr &cloneTo (char **pstr) const;

    /**
     *  Intended to pass instances as |BSTR| out parameters to methods.
     *  Takes the ownership of the returned data.
     */
    BSTR *asOutParam() { setNull(); return &bstr; }

    /**
     *  Static immutable null object. May be used for comparison purposes.
     */
    static const Bstr Null;

protected:

    void safe_assign (CBSTR str)
    {
        if (bstr != str)
        {
            setNull();
            raw_copy (bstr, str);
        }
    }

    inline static void raw_copy (BSTR &ls, CBSTR rs)
    {
        if (rs)
            ls = ::SysAllocString ((const OLECHAR *) rs);
    }

    inline static void raw_copy (BSTR &ls, const char *rs)
    {
        if (rs)
        {
            PRTUTF16 s = NULL;
            ::RTStrToUtf16 (rs, &s);
            raw_copy (ls, (BSTR) s);
            ::RTUtf16Free (s);
        }
    }

    BSTR bstr;

    friend class Utf8Str; /* to access our raw_copy() */
};

/* symmetric compare operators */
inline bool operator== (CBSTR l, const Bstr &r) { return r.operator== (l); }
inline bool operator!= (CBSTR l, const Bstr &r) { return r.operator!= (l); }
inline bool operator== (BSTR l, const Bstr &r) { return r.operator== (l); }
inline bool operator!= (BSTR l, const Bstr &r) { return r.operator!= (l); }

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/**
 *  Helper class that represents UTF8 (|char *|) strings. Useful in
 *  conjunction with Bstr to simplify conversions between UTF16 (|BSTR|)
 *  and UTF8.
 *
 *  This class uses COM/XPCOM-provided memory management routines to allocate
 *  and free string buffers. This makes it possible to:
 *  - use it as a type of member variables of COM/XPCOM components and pass
 *    their values to callers through component methods' output parameters
 *    using the #cloneTo() operation;
 *  - adopt (take ownership of) string buffers returned in output parameters
 *    of COM methods using the #asOutParam() operation and correctly free them
 *    afterwards.
 */
class Utf8Str
{
public:

    typedef char *String;
    typedef const char *ConstString;

    Utf8Str () : str (NULL) {}

    Utf8Str (const Utf8Str &that) : str (NULL) { raw_copy (str, that.str); }
    Utf8Str (const char *that) : str (NULL) { raw_copy (str, that); }

    Utf8Str (const Bstr &that) : str (NULL) { raw_copy (str, that); }
    Utf8Str (CBSTR that) : str (NULL) { raw_copy (str, that); }

    /** Shortcut that calls #alloc(aSize) right after object creation. */
    Utf8Str (size_t aSize) : str (NULL) { alloc(aSize); }

    virtual ~Utf8Str () { setNull(); }

    Utf8Str &operator = (const Utf8Str &that) { safe_assign (that.str); return *this; }
    Utf8Str &operator = (const char *that) { safe_assign (that); return *this; }

    Utf8Str &operator = (const Bstr &that)
    {
        setNull();
        raw_copy (str, that);
        return *this;
    }
    Utf8Str &operator = (CBSTR that)
    {
        setNull();
        raw_copy (str, that);
        return *this;
    }

    Utf8Str &setNull()
    {
        if (str)
        {
#if !defined (VBOX_WITH_XPCOM)
            ::RTStrFree (str);
#else
            nsMemory::Free (str);
#endif
            str = NULL;
        }
        return *this;
    }

    Utf8Str &setNullIfEmpty()
    {
        if (str && *str == 0)
        {
#if !defined (VBOX_WITH_XPCOM)
            ::RTStrFree (str);
#else
            nsMemory::Free (str);
#endif
            str = NULL;
        }
        return *this;
    }

    /**
     *  Allocates memory for a string capable to store \a aSize - 1 bytes (not characters!);
     *  in other words, aSize includes the terminating zero character. If \a aSize
     *  is zero, or if a memory allocation error occurs, this object will become null.
     */
    Utf8Str &alloc (size_t aSize)
    {
        setNull();
        if (aSize)
        {
#if !defined (VBOX_WITH_XPCOM)
            str = (char *) ::RTMemTmpAlloc (aSize);
#else
            str = (char *) nsMemory::Alloc (aSize);
#endif
            if (str)
                str [0] = 0;
        }
        return *this;
    }

    void append(const Utf8Str &that)
    {
        size_t cbThis = length();
        size_t cbThat = that.length();

        if (cbThat)
        {
            size_t cbBoth = cbThis + cbThat + 1;

            // @todo optimize with realloc() once the memory management is fixed
            char *pszTemp;
#if !defined (VBOX_WITH_XPCOM)
            pszTemp = (char*)::RTMemTmpAlloc(cbBoth);
#else
            pszTemp = (char*)nsMemory::Alloc(cbBoth);
#endif
            if (str)
            {
                memcpy(pszTemp, str, cbThis);
                setNull();
            }
            if (that.str)
                memcpy(pszTemp + cbThis, that.str, cbThat);
            pszTemp[cbThis + cbThat] = '\0';

            str = pszTemp;
        }
    }

    int compare (const char *s) const
    {
        if (str == s)
            return 0;
        if (str == NULL)
            return -1;
        if (s == NULL)
            return 1;

        return ::strcmp (str, s);
    }

    bool operator == (const Utf8Str &that) const { return !compare (that.str); }
    bool operator != (const Utf8Str &that) const { return !!compare (that.str); }
    bool operator == (const char *that) const { return !compare (that); }
    bool operator != (const char *that) const { return !!compare (that); }
    bool operator < (const Utf8Str &that) const { return compare (that.str) < 0; }
    bool operator < (const char *that) const { return compare (that) < 0; }

    int compareIgnoreCase(const char *pcsz) const
    {
        return ::RTStrICmp(str, pcsz);
    }

    bool isNull() const { return str == NULL; }
    operator bool() const { return !isNull(); }

    bool isEmpty() const { return isNull() || *str == 0; }

    size_t length() const { return isNull() ? 0 : ::strlen (str); }

    /** Intended to to pass instances as input (|char *|) parameters to methods. */
    operator const char *() const { return str; }

    /** The same as operator const char *(), but for situations where the compiler
        cannot typecast implicitly (for example, in printf() argument list). */
    const char *raw() const { return str; }

    /** The same as operator const char *(), but for situations where the compiler
        cannot typecast implicitly (for example, in printf() argument list). */
    const char *c_str() const { return str; }

    /**
     *  Returns a non-const raw pointer that allows to modify the string directly.
     *  @warning
     *      Be sure not to modify data beyond the allocated memory! The
     *      guaranteed size of the allocated memory is at least #length()
     *      bytes after creation and after every assignment operation.
     */
    char *mutableRaw() { return str; }

    /**
     *  Intended to assign instances to |char *| out parameters from within the
     *  interface method. Transfers the ownership of the duplicated string to the
     *  caller.
     */
    const Utf8Str &cloneTo (char **pstr) const
    {
        if (pstr)
        {
            *pstr = NULL;
            raw_copy (*pstr, str);
        }
        return *this;
    }

    /**
     *  Intended to assign instances to |char *| out parameters from within the
     *  interface method. Transfers the ownership of the original string to the
     *  caller and resets the instance to null.
     *
     *  As opposed to cloneTo(), this method doesn't create a copy of the
     *  string.
     */
    Utf8Str &detachTo (char **pstr)
    {
        *pstr = str;
        str = NULL;
        return *this;
    }

    /**
     *  Intended to assign instances to |BSTR| out parameters from within the
     *  interface method. Transfers the ownership of the duplicated string to the
     *  caller.
     */
    const Utf8Str &cloneTo (BSTR *pstr) const
    {
        if (pstr)
        {
            *pstr = NULL;
            Bstr::raw_copy (*pstr, str);
        }
        return *this;
    }

    static const size_t npos;

    /**
     * Looks for pcszFind in "this" starting at "pos" and returns its position,
     * counting from the beginning of "this" at 0. Returns npos if not found.
     */
    size_t find(const char *pcszFind, size_t pos = 0) const;

    /**
     * Returns a substring of "this" as a new Utf8Str. Works exactly like
     * its equivalent in std::string except that this interprets pos and n
     * as UTF-8 codepoints instead of bytes. With the default parameters "0"
     * and "npos", this always copies the entire string.
     * @param pos Index of first codepoint to copy from "this", counting from 0.
     * @param n Number of codepoints to copy, starting with the one at "pos".
     */
    Utf8Str substr(size_t pos = 0, size_t n = npos) const;

    /**
     * Attempts to convert the member string into an unsigned 64-bit integer.
     * @return IPRT error code.
     * @param i Output buffer.
     */
    int toInt(uint64_t &i) const;

    /**
     * Attempts to convert the member string into an unsigned 32-bit integer.
     * @return IPRT error code.
     * @param i Output buffer.
     */
    int toInt(uint32_t &i) const;

    /**
     *  Intended to pass instances as out (|char **|) parameters to methods.
     *  Takes the ownership of the returned data.
     */
    char **asOutParam() { setNull(); return &str; }

    /**
     *  Static immutable null object. May be used for comparison purposes.
     */
    static const Utf8Str Null;

protected:

    void safe_assign (const char *s)
    {
        if (str != s)
        {
            setNull();
            raw_copy (str, s);
        }
    }

    inline static void raw_copy (char *&ls, const char *rs)
    {
        if (rs)
#if !defined (VBOX_WITH_XPCOM)
            ::RTStrDupEx (&ls, rs);
#else
            ls = (char *) nsMemory::Clone (rs, strlen (rs) + 1);
#endif
    }

    inline static void raw_copy (char *&ls, CBSTR rs)
    {
        if (rs)
        {
#if !defined (VBOX_WITH_XPCOM)
            ::RTUtf16ToUtf8 ((PRTUTF16) rs, &ls);
#else
            char *s = NULL;
            ::RTUtf16ToUtf8 ((PRTUTF16) rs, &s);
            raw_copy (ls, s);
            ::RTStrFree (s);
#endif
        }
    }

    char *str;

    friend class Bstr; /* to access our raw_copy() */
};

// symmetric compare operators
inline bool operator== (const char *l, const Utf8Str &r) { return r.operator== (l); }
inline bool operator!= (const char *l, const Utf8Str &r) { return r.operator!= (l); }

// work around error C2593 of the stupid MSVC 7.x ambiguity resolver
WORKAROUND_MSVC7_ERROR_C2593_FOR_BOOL_OP (Bstr)
WORKAROUND_MSVC7_ERROR_C2593_FOR_BOOL_OP (Utf8Str)

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// inlined Bstr members that depend on Utf8Str

inline Bstr::Bstr (const Utf8Str &that) : bstr (NULL) { raw_copy (bstr, that); }
inline Bstr::Bstr (const char *that) : bstr (NULL) { raw_copy (bstr, that); }

inline Bstr &Bstr::operator = (const Utf8Str &that)
{
    setNull();
    raw_copy (bstr, that);
    return *this;
}
inline Bstr &Bstr::operator = (const char *that)
{
    setNull();
    raw_copy (bstr, that);
    return *this;
}

inline const Bstr &Bstr::cloneTo (char **pstr) const
{
    if (pstr) {
        *pstr = NULL;
        Utf8Str::raw_copy (*pstr, bstr);
    }
    return *this;
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/**
 *  This class is a printf-like formatter for Utf8Str strings. Its purpose is
 *  to construct Utf8Str objects from a format string and a list of arguments
 *  for the format string.
 *
 *  The usage of this class is like the following:
 *  <code>
 *      Utf8StrFmt string ("program name = %s", argv[0]);
 *  </code>
 */
class Utf8StrFmt : public Utf8Str
{
public:

    /**
     *  Constructs a new string given the format string and the list
     *  of the arguments for the format string.
     *
     *  @param format   printf-like format string (in UTF-8 encoding)
     *  @param ...      list of the arguments for the format string
     */
    explicit Utf8StrFmt (const char *format, ...)
    {
        va_list args;
        va_start (args, format);
        init (format, args);
        va_end (args);
    }

protected:

    Utf8StrFmt() {}

    void init (const char *format, va_list args);

private:

    static DECLCALLBACK(size_t) strOutput (void *pvArg, const char *pachChars,
                                           size_t cbChars);
};

/**
 *  This class is a vprintf-like formatter for Utf8Str strings. It is
 *  identical to Utf8StrFmt except that its constructor takes a va_list
 *  argument instead of ellipsis.
 *
 *  Note that a separate class is necessary because va_list is defined as
 *  |char *| on most platforms. For this reason, if we had two overloaded
 *  constructors in Utf8StrFmt (one taking ellipsis and another one taking
 *  va_list) then composing a constructor call using exactly two |char *|
 *  arguments would cause the compiler to use the va_list overload instead of
 *  the ellipsis one which is obviously wrong. The compiler would choose
 *  va_list because ellipsis has the lowest rank when it comes to resolving
 *  overloads, as opposed to va_list which is an exact match for |char *|.
 */
class Utf8StrFmtVA : public Utf8StrFmt
{
public:

    /**
     *  Constructs a new string given the format string and the list
     *  of the arguments for the format string.
     *
     *  @param format   printf-like format string (in UTF-8 encoding)
     *  @param args     list of arguments for the format string
     */
    Utf8StrFmtVA (const char *format, va_list args) { init (format, args); }
};

/**
 * The BstrFmt class is a shortcut to <tt>Bstr (Utf8StrFmt (...))</tt>.
 */
class BstrFmt : public Bstr
{
public:

    /**
     * Constructs a new string given the format string and the list of the
     * arguments for the format string.
     *
     * @param aFormat   printf-like format string (in UTF-8 encoding).
     * @param ...       List of the arguments for the format string.
     */
    explicit BstrFmt (const char *aFormat, ...)
    {
        va_list args;
        va_start (args, aFormat);
        raw_copy (bstr, Utf8StrFmtVA (aFormat, args));
        va_end (args);
    }
};

/**
 * The BstrFmtVA class is a shortcut to <tt>Bstr (Utf8StrFmtVA (...))</tt>.
 */
class BstrFmtVA : public Bstr
{
public:

    /**
     * Constructs a new string given the format string and the list of the
     * arguments for the format string.
     *
     * @param aFormat   printf-like format string (in UTF-8 encoding).
     * @param aArgs     List of arguments for the format string
     */
    BstrFmtVA (const char *aFormat, va_list aArgs)
    {
        raw_copy (bstr, Utf8StrFmtVA (aFormat, aArgs));
    }
};

} /* namespace com */

#endif /* ___VBox_com_string_h */