asm.h@ 85460

Last change on this file since 85460 was 85223, checked in by vboxsync, 4 years ago
iprt/asm.h: Shut up sign conversion warnings. bugref:9790
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1	/** @file
2	* IPRT - Assembly Functions.
3	*/
4
5	/*
6	* Copyright (C) 2006-2020 Oracle Corporation
7	*
8	* This file is part of VirtualBox Open Source Edition (OSE), as
9	* available from http://www.virtualbox.org. This file is free software;
10	* you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
11	* General Public License (GPL) as published by the Free Software
12	* Foundation, in version 2 as it comes in the "COPYING" file of the
13	* VirtualBox OSE distribution. VirtualBox OSE is distributed in the
14	* hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY of any kind.
15	*
16	* The contents of this file may alternatively be used under the terms
17	* of the Common Development and Distribution License Version 1.0
18	* (CDDL) only, as it comes in the "COPYING.CDDL" file of the
19	* VirtualBox OSE distribution, in which case the provisions of the
20	* CDDL are applicable instead of those of the GPL.
21	*
22	* You may elect to license modified versions of this file under the
23	* terms and conditions of either the GPL or the CDDL or both.
24	*/
25
26	#ifndef IPRT_INCLUDED_asm_h
27	#define IPRT_INCLUDED_asm_h
28	#ifndef RT_WITHOUT_PRAGMA_ONCE
29	# pragma once
30	#endif
31
32	#include <iprt/cdefs.h>
33	#include <iprt/types.h>
34	#include <iprt/assert.h>
35	/** @def RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
36	* Defined as 1 if we're using a _MSC_VER 1400.
37	* Otherwise defined as 0.
38	*/
39
40	/* Solaris 10 header ugliness */
41	#ifdef u
42	# undef u
43	#endif
44
45	#if defined(_MSC_VER) && RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
46	/* Emit the intrinsics at all optimization levels. */
47	# include <iprt/sanitized/intrin.h>
48	# pragma intrinsic(_ReadWriteBarrier)
49	# pragma intrinsic(__cpuid)
50	# pragma intrinsic(__stosd)
51	# pragma intrinsic(__stosw)
52	# pragma intrinsic(__stosb)
53	# pragma intrinsic(_BitScanForward)
54	# pragma intrinsic(_BitScanReverse)
55	# pragma intrinsic(_bittest)
56	# pragma intrinsic(_bittestandset)
57	# pragma intrinsic(_bittestandreset)
58	# pragma intrinsic(_bittestandcomplement)
59	# pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ushort)
60	# pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ulong)
61	# pragma intrinsic(_interlockedbittestandset)
62	# pragma intrinsic(_interlockedbittestandreset)
63	# pragma intrinsic(_InterlockedAnd)
64	# pragma intrinsic(_InterlockedOr)
65	# pragma intrinsic(_InterlockedIncrement)
66	# pragma intrinsic(_InterlockedDecrement)
67	# pragma intrinsic(_InterlockedExchange)
68	# pragma intrinsic(_InterlockedExchangeAdd)
69	# pragma intrinsic(_InterlockedCompareExchange)
70	# pragma intrinsic(_InterlockedCompareExchange64)
71	# pragma intrinsic(_rotl)
72	# pragma intrinsic(_rotr)
73	# pragma intrinsic(_rotl64)
74	# pragma intrinsic(_rotr64)
75	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
76	# pragma intrinsic(__stosq)
77	# pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_uint64)
78	# pragma intrinsic(_InterlockedExchange64)
79	# pragma intrinsic(_InterlockedExchangeAdd64)
80	# pragma intrinsic(_InterlockedAnd64)
81	# pragma intrinsic(_InterlockedOr64)
82	# pragma intrinsic(_InterlockedIncrement64)
83	# pragma intrinsic(_InterlockedDecrement64)
84	# endif
85	#endif
86
87	/*
88	* Undefine all symbols we have Watcom C/C++ #pragma aux'es for.
89	*/
90	#if defined(__WATCOMC__) && ARCH_BITS == 16 && defined(RT_ARCH_X86)
91	# include "asm-watcom-x86-16.h"
92	#elif defined(__WATCOMC__) && ARCH_BITS == 32 && defined(RT_ARCH_X86)
93	# include "asm-watcom-x86-32.h"
94	#endif
95
96
97	/** @defgroup grp_rt_asm ASM - Assembly Routines
98	* @ingroup grp_rt
99	*
100	* @remarks The difference between ordered and unordered atomic operations are that
101	* the former will complete outstanding reads and writes before continuing
102	* while the latter doesn't make any promises about the order. Ordered
103	* operations doesn't, it seems, make any 100% promise wrt to whether
104	* the operation will complete before any subsequent memory access.
105	* (please, correct if wrong.)
106	*
107	* ASMAtomicSomething operations are all ordered, while ASMAtomicUoSomething
108	* are unordered (note the Uo).
109	*
110	* @remarks Some remarks about __volatile__: Without this keyword gcc is allowed to reorder
111	* or even optimize assembler instructions away. For instance, in the following code
112	* the second rdmsr instruction is optimized away because gcc treats that instruction
113	* as deterministic:
114	*
115	* @code
116	* static inline uint64_t rdmsr_low(int idx)
117	* {
118	* uint32_t low;
119	* __asm__ ("rdmsr" : "=a"(low) : "c"(idx) : "edx");
120	* }
121	* ...
122	* uint32_t msr1 = rdmsr_low(1);
123	* foo(msr1);
124	* msr1 = rdmsr_low(1);
125	* bar(msr1);
126	* @endcode
127	*
128	* The input parameter of rdmsr_low is the same for both calls and therefore gcc will
129	* use the result of the first call as input parameter for bar() as well. For rdmsr this
130	* is not acceptable as this instruction is _not_ deterministic. This applies to reading
131	* machine status information in general.
132	*
133	* @{
134	*/
135
136
137	/** @def RT_INLINE_ASM_GCC_4_3_X_X86
138	* Used to work around some 4.3.x register allocation issues in this version of
139	* the compiler. So far this workaround is still required for 4.4 and 4.5 but
140	* definitely not for 5.x */
141	#if (RT_GNUC_PREREQ(4, 3) && !RT_GNUC_PREREQ(5, 0) && defined(__i386__))
142	# define RT_INLINE_ASM_GCC_4_3_X_X86 1
143	#else
144	# define RT_INLINE_ASM_GCC_4_3_X_X86 0
145	#endif
146
147	/** @def RT_INLINE_DONT_MIX_CMPXCHG8B_AND_PIC
148	* i686-apple-darwin9-gcc-4.0.1 (GCC) 4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5493) screws up
149	* RTSemRWRequestWrite semsemrw-lockless-generic.cpp in release builds. PIC
150	* mode, x86.
151	*
152	* Some gcc 4.3.x versions may have register allocation issues with cmpxchg8b
153	* when in PIC mode on x86.
154	*/
155	#ifndef RT_INLINE_DONT_MIX_CMPXCHG8B_AND_PIC
156	# if defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING) \|\| defined(__WATCOMC__) /* Watcom has trouble with the expression below */
157	# define RT_INLINE_DONT_MIX_CMPXCHG8B_AND_PIC 1
158	# elif defined(_MSC_VER) /* Visual C++ has trouble too, but it'll only tell us when C4688 is enabled. */
159	# define RT_INLINE_DONT_MIX_CMPXCHG8B_AND_PIC 0
160	# elif ( (defined(PIC) \|\| defined(__PIC__)) \
161	&& defined(RT_ARCH_X86) \
162	&& ( RT_INLINE_ASM_GCC_4_3_X_X86 \
163	\|\| defined(RT_OS_DARWIN)) )
164	# define RT_INLINE_DONT_MIX_CMPXCHG8B_AND_PIC 1
165	# else
166	# define RT_INLINE_DONT_MIX_CMPXCHG8B_AND_PIC 0
167	# endif
168	#endif
169
170
171	/** @def ASMReturnAddress
172	* Gets the return address of the current (or calling if you like) function or method.
173	*/
174	#ifdef _MSC_VER
175	# ifdef __cplusplus
176	extern "C"
177	# endif
178	void * _ReturnAddress(void);
179	# pragma intrinsic(_ReturnAddress)
180	# define ASMReturnAddress() _ReturnAddress()
181	#elif defined(__GNUC__) \|\| defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
182	# define ASMReturnAddress() __builtin_return_address(0)
183	#elif defined(__WATCOMC__)
184	# define ASMReturnAddress() Watcom_does_not_appear_to_have_intrinsic_return_address_function()
185	#else
186	# error "Unsupported compiler."
187	#endif
188
189
190	/**
191	* Compiler memory barrier.
192	*
193	* Ensure that the compiler does not use any cached (register/tmp stack) memory
194	* values or any outstanding writes when returning from this function.
195	*
196	* This function must be used if non-volatile data is modified by a
197	* device or the VMM. Typical cases are port access, MMIO access,
198	* trapping instruction, etc.
199	*/
200	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
201	# define ASMCompilerBarrier() do { __asm__ __volatile__("" : : : "memory"); } while (0)
202	#elif RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
203	# define ASMCompilerBarrier() do { _ReadWriteBarrier(); } while (0)
204	#elif defined(__WATCOMC__)
205	void ASMCompilerBarrier(void);
206	#else /* 2003 should have _ReadWriteBarrier() but I guess we're at 2002 level then... */
207	DECLINLINE(void) ASMCompilerBarrier(void) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
208	{
209	__asm
210	{
211	}
212	}
213	#endif
214
215
216	/** @def ASMBreakpoint
217	* Debugger Breakpoint.
218	* @deprecated Use RT_BREAKPOINT instead.
219	* @internal
220	*/
221	#define ASMBreakpoint() RT_BREAKPOINT()
222
223
224	/**
225	* Spinloop hint for platforms that have these, empty function on the other
226	* platforms.
227	*
228	* x86 & AMD64: The PAUSE variant of NOP for helping hyperthreaded CPUs detecting
229	* spin locks.
230	*/
231	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && (defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64) \|\| defined(RT_ARCH_X86))
232	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(void) ASMNopPause(void) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
233	#else
234	DECLINLINE(void) ASMNopPause(void) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
235	{
236	# if defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64) \|\| defined(RT_ARCH_X86)
237	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
238	__asm__ __volatile__(".byte 0xf3,0x90\n\t");
239	# else
240	__asm {
241	_emit 0f3h
242	_emit 090h
243	}
244	# endif
245	# else
246	/* dummy */
247	# endif
248	}
249	#endif
250
251
252	/**
253	* Atomically Exchange an unsigned 8-bit value, ordered.
254	*
255	* @returns Current *pu8 value
256	* @param pu8 Pointer to the 8-bit variable to update.
257	* @param u8 The 8-bit value to assign to *pu8.
258	*/
259	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL
260	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(uint8_t) ASMAtomicXchgU8(volatile uint8_t RT_FAR *pu8, uint8_t u8) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
261	#else
262	DECLINLINE(uint8_t) ASMAtomicXchgU8(volatile uint8_t RT_FAR *pu8, uint8_t u8) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
263	{
264	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
265	__asm__ __volatile__("xchgb %0, %1\n\t"
266	: "=m" (*pu8),
267	"=q" (u8) /* =r - busted on g++ (GCC) 3.4.4 20050721 (Red Hat 3.4.4-2) */
268	: "1" (u8),
269	"m" (*pu8));
270	# else
271	__asm
272	{
273	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
274	mov rdx, [pu8]
275	mov al, [u8]
276	xchg [rdx], al
277	mov [u8], al
278	# else
279	mov edx, [pu8]
280	mov al, [u8]
281	xchg [edx], al
282	mov [u8], al
283	# endif
284	}
285	# endif
286	return u8;
287	}
288	#endif
289
290
291	/**
292	* Atomically Exchange a signed 8-bit value, ordered.
293	*
294	* @returns Current *pu8 value
295	* @param pi8 Pointer to the 8-bit variable to update.
296	* @param i8 The 8-bit value to assign to *pi8.
297	*/
298	DECLINLINE(int8_t) ASMAtomicXchgS8(volatile int8_t RT_FAR *pi8, int8_t i8) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
299	{
300	return (int8_t)ASMAtomicXchgU8((volatile uint8_t RT_FAR *)pi8, (uint8_t)i8);
301	}
302
303
304	/**
305	* Atomically Exchange a bool value, ordered.
306	*
307	* @returns Current *pf value
308	* @param pf Pointer to the 8-bit variable to update.
309	* @param f The 8-bit value to assign to *pi8.
310	*/
311	DECLINLINE(bool) ASMAtomicXchgBool(volatile bool RT_FAR *pf, bool f) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
312	{
313	#ifdef _MSC_VER
314	return !!ASMAtomicXchgU8((volatile uint8_t RT_FAR *)pf, (uint8_t)f);
315	#else
316	return (bool)ASMAtomicXchgU8((volatile uint8_t RT_FAR *)pf, (uint8_t)f);
317	#endif
318	}
319
320
321	/**
322	* Atomically Exchange an unsigned 16-bit value, ordered.
323	*
324	* @returns Current *pu16 value
325	* @param pu16 Pointer to the 16-bit variable to update.
326	* @param u16 The 16-bit value to assign to *pu16.
327	*/
328	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL
329	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(uint16_t) ASMAtomicXchgU16(volatile uint16_t RT_FAR *pu16, uint16_t u16) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
330	#else
331	DECLINLINE(uint16_t) ASMAtomicXchgU16(volatile uint16_t RT_FAR *pu16, uint16_t u16) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
332	{
333	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
334	__asm__ __volatile__("xchgw %0, %1\n\t"
335	: "=m" (*pu16),
336	"=r" (u16)
337	: "1" (u16),
338	"m" (*pu16));
339	# else
340	__asm
341	{
342	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
343	mov rdx, [pu16]
344	mov ax, [u16]
345	xchg [rdx], ax
346	mov [u16], ax
347	# else
348	mov edx, [pu16]
349	mov ax, [u16]
350	xchg [edx], ax
351	mov [u16], ax
352	# endif
353	}
354	# endif
355	return u16;
356	}
357	#endif
358
359
360	/**
361	* Atomically Exchange a signed 16-bit value, ordered.
362	*
363	* @returns Current *pu16 value
364	* @param pi16 Pointer to the 16-bit variable to update.
365	* @param i16 The 16-bit value to assign to *pi16.
366	*/
367	DECLINLINE(int16_t) ASMAtomicXchgS16(volatile int16_t RT_FAR *pi16, int16_t i16) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
368	{
369	return (int16_t)ASMAtomicXchgU16((volatile uint16_t RT_FAR *)pi16, (uint16_t)i16);
370	}
371
372
373	/**
374	* Atomically Exchange an unsigned 32-bit value, ordered.
375	*
376	* @returns Current *pu32 value
377	* @param pu32 Pointer to the 32-bit variable to update.
378	* @param u32 The 32-bit value to assign to *pu32.
379	*
380	* @remarks Does not work on 286 and earlier.
381	*/
382	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
383	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(uint32_t) ASMAtomicXchgU32(volatile uint32_t RT_FAR *pu32, uint32_t u32) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
384	#else
385	DECLINLINE(uint32_t) ASMAtomicXchgU32(volatile uint32_t RT_FAR *pu32, uint32_t u32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
386	{
387	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
388	__asm__ __volatile__("xchgl %0, %1\n\t"
389	: "=m" (*pu32),
390	"=r" (u32)
391	: "1" (u32),
392	"m" (*pu32));
393
394	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
395	u32 = _InterlockedExchange((long RT_FAR *)pu32, u32);
396
397	# else
398	__asm
399	{
400	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
401	mov rdx, [pu32]
402	mov eax, u32
403	xchg [rdx], eax
404	mov [u32], eax
405	# else
406	mov edx, [pu32]
407	mov eax, u32
408	xchg [edx], eax
409	mov [u32], eax
410	# endif
411	}
412	# endif
413	return u32;
414	}
415	#endif
416
417
418	/**
419	* Atomically Exchange a signed 32-bit value, ordered.
420	*
421	* @returns Current *pu32 value
422	* @param pi32 Pointer to the 32-bit variable to update.
423	* @param i32 The 32-bit value to assign to *pi32.
424	*/
425	DECLINLINE(int32_t) ASMAtomicXchgS32(volatile int32_t RT_FAR *pi32, int32_t i32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
426	{
427	return (int32_t)ASMAtomicXchgU32((volatile uint32_t RT_FAR *)pi32, (uint32_t)i32);
428	}
429
430
431	/**
432	* Atomically Exchange an unsigned 64-bit value, ordered.
433	*
434	* @returns Current *pu64 value
435	* @param pu64 Pointer to the 64-bit variable to update.
436	* @param u64 The 64-bit value to assign to *pu64.
437	*
438	* @remarks Works on 32-bit x86 CPUs starting with Pentium.
439	*/
440	#if (RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN) \
441	\|\| RT_INLINE_DONT_MIX_CMPXCHG8B_AND_PIC
442	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(uint64_t) ASMAtomicXchgU64(volatile uint64_t RT_FAR *pu64, uint64_t u64) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
443	#else
444	DECLINLINE(uint64_t) ASMAtomicXchgU64(volatile uint64_t RT_FAR *pu64, uint64_t u64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
445	{
446	# if defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64)
447	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
448	u64 = _InterlockedExchange64((__int64 *)pu64, u64);
449
450	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
451	__asm__ __volatile__("xchgq %0, %1\n\t"
452	: "=m" (*pu64),
453	"=r" (u64)
454	: "1" (u64),
455	"m" (*pu64));
456	# else
457	__asm
458	{
459	mov rdx, [pu64]
460	mov rax, [u64]
461	xchg [rdx], rax
462	mov [u64], rax
463	}
464	# endif
465	# else /* !RT_ARCH_AMD64 */
466	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
467	# if defined(PIC) \|\| defined(__PIC__)
468	uint32_t u32EBX = (uint32_t)u64;
469	__asm__ __volatile__(/"xchgl %%esi, %5\n\t"/
470	"xchgl %%ebx, %3\n\t"
471	"1:\n\t"
472	"lock; cmpxchg8b (%5)\n\t"
473	"jnz 1b\n\t"
474	"movl %3, %%ebx\n\t"
475	/"xchgl %%esi, %5\n\t"/
476	: "=A" (u64),
477	"=m" (*pu64)
478	: "0" (*pu64),
479	"m" ( u32EBX ),
480	"c" ( (uint32_t)(u64 >> 32) ),
481	"S" (pu64));
482	# else /* !PIC */
483	__asm__ __volatile__("1:\n\t"
484	"lock; cmpxchg8b %1\n\t"
485	"jnz 1b\n\t"
486	: "=A" (u64),
487	"=m" (*pu64)
488	: "0" (*pu64),
489	"b" ( (uint32_t)u64 ),
490	"c" ( (uint32_t)(u64 >> 32) ));
491	# endif
492	# else
493	__asm
494	{
495	mov ebx, dword ptr [u64]
496	mov ecx, dword ptr [u64 + 4]
497	mov edi, pu64
498	mov eax, dword ptr [edi]
499	mov edx, dword ptr [edi + 4]
500	retry:
501	lock cmpxchg8b [edi]
502	jnz retry
503	mov dword ptr [u64], eax
504	mov dword ptr [u64 + 4], edx
505	}
506	# endif
507	# endif /* !RT_ARCH_AMD64 */
508	return u64;
509	}
510	#endif
511
512
513	/**
514	* Atomically Exchange an signed 64-bit value, ordered.
515	*
516	* @returns Current *pi64 value
517	* @param pi64 Pointer to the 64-bit variable to update.
518	* @param i64 The 64-bit value to assign to *pi64.
519	*/
520	DECLINLINE(int64_t) ASMAtomicXchgS64(volatile int64_t RT_FAR *pi64, int64_t i64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
521	{
522	return (int64_t)ASMAtomicXchgU64((volatile uint64_t RT_FAR *)pi64, (uint64_t)i64);
523	}
524
525
526	/**
527	* Atomically Exchange a size_t value, ordered.
528	*
529	* @returns Current *ppv value
530	* @param puDst Pointer to the size_t variable to update.
531	* @param uNew The new value to assign to *puDst.
532	*/
533	DECLINLINE(size_t) ASMAtomicXchgZ(size_t volatile RT_FAR *puDst, const size_t uNew) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
534	{
535	#if ARCH_BITS == 16
536	AssertCompile(sizeof(size_t) == 2);
537	return ASMAtomicXchgU16((volatile uint16_t RT_FAR *)puDst, uNew);
538	#elif ARCH_BITS == 32
539	return ASMAtomicXchgU32((volatile uint32_t RT_FAR *)puDst, uNew);
540	#elif ARCH_BITS == 64
541	return ASMAtomicXchgU64((volatile uint64_t RT_FAR *)puDst, uNew);
542	#else
543	# error "ARCH_BITS is bogus"
544	#endif
545	}
546
547
548	/**
549	* Atomically Exchange a pointer value, ordered.
550	*
551	* @returns Current *ppv value
552	* @param ppv Pointer to the pointer variable to update.
553	* @param pv The pointer value to assign to *ppv.
554	*/
555	DECLINLINE(void RT_FAR ) ASMAtomicXchgPtr(void RT_FAR volatile RT_FAR ppv, const void RT_FAR pv) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
556	{
557	#if ARCH_BITS == 32 \|\| ARCH_BITS == 16
558	return (void RT_FAR )ASMAtomicXchgU32((volatile uint32_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR *)ppv, (uint32_t)pv);
559	#elif ARCH_BITS == 64
560	return (void RT_FAR )ASMAtomicXchgU64((volatile uint64_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR *)ppv, (uint64_t)pv);
561	#else
562	# error "ARCH_BITS is bogus"
563	#endif
564	}
565
566
567	/**
568	* Convenience macro for avoiding the annoying casting with ASMAtomicXchgPtr.
569	*
570	* @returns Current *pv value
571	* @param ppv Pointer to the pointer variable to update.
572	* @param pv The pointer value to assign to *ppv.
573	* @param Type The type of *ppv, sans volatile.
574	*/
575	#ifdef __GNUC__ /* 8.2.0 requires -Wno-ignored-qualifiers */
576	# define ASMAtomicXchgPtrT(ppv, pv, Type) \
577	__extension__ \
578	({\
579	__typeof__((ppv)) volatile const ppvTypeChecked = (ppv); \
580	Type const pvTypeChecked = (pv); \
581	Type pvTypeCheckedRet = (__typeof__((ppv))) ASMAtomicXchgPtr((void volatile )ppvTypeChecked, (void )pvTypeChecked); \
582	pvTypeCheckedRet; \
583	})
584	#else
585	# define ASMAtomicXchgPtrT(ppv, pv, Type) \
586	(Type)ASMAtomicXchgPtr((void RT_FAR * volatile RT_FAR )(ppv), (void RT_FAR )(pv))
587	#endif
588
589
590	/**
591	* Atomically Exchange a raw-mode context pointer value, ordered.
592	*
593	* @returns Current *ppv value
594	* @param ppvRC Pointer to the pointer variable to update.
595	* @param pvRC The pointer value to assign to *ppv.
596	*/
597	DECLINLINE(RTRCPTR) ASMAtomicXchgRCPtr(RTRCPTR volatile RT_FAR *ppvRC, RTRCPTR pvRC) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
598	{
599	return (RTRCPTR)ASMAtomicXchgU32((uint32_t volatile RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )ppvRC, (uint32_t)pvRC);
600	}
601
602
603	/**
604	* Atomically Exchange a ring-0 pointer value, ordered.
605	*
606	* @returns Current *ppv value
607	* @param ppvR0 Pointer to the pointer variable to update.
608	* @param pvR0 The pointer value to assign to *ppv.
609	*/
610	DECLINLINE(RTR0PTR) ASMAtomicXchgR0Ptr(RTR0PTR volatile RT_FAR *ppvR0, RTR0PTR pvR0) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
611	{
612	#if R0_ARCH_BITS == 32 \|\| ARCH_BITS == 16
613	return (RTR0PTR)ASMAtomicXchgU32((volatile uint32_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )ppvR0, (uint32_t)pvR0);
614	#elif R0_ARCH_BITS == 64
615	return (RTR0PTR)ASMAtomicXchgU64((volatile uint64_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )ppvR0, (uint64_t)pvR0);
616	#else
617	# error "R0_ARCH_BITS is bogus"
618	#endif
619	}
620
621
622	/**
623	* Atomically Exchange a ring-3 pointer value, ordered.
624	*
625	* @returns Current *ppv value
626	* @param ppvR3 Pointer to the pointer variable to update.
627	* @param pvR3 The pointer value to assign to *ppv.
628	*/
629	DECLINLINE(RTR3PTR) ASMAtomicXchgR3Ptr(RTR3PTR volatile RT_FAR *ppvR3, RTR3PTR pvR3) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
630	{
631	#if R3_ARCH_BITS == 32 \|\| ARCH_BITS == 16
632	return (RTR3PTR)ASMAtomicXchgU32((volatile uint32_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )ppvR3, (uint32_t)pvR3);
633	#elif R3_ARCH_BITS == 64
634	return (RTR3PTR)ASMAtomicXchgU64((volatile uint64_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )ppvR3, (uint64_t)pvR3);
635	#else
636	# error "R3_ARCH_BITS is bogus"
637	#endif
638	}
639
640
641	/** @def ASMAtomicXchgHandle
642	* Atomically Exchange a typical IPRT handle value, ordered.
643	*
644	* @param ph Pointer to the value to update.
645	* @param hNew The new value to assigned to *pu.
646	* @param phRes Where to store the current *ph value.
647	*
648	* @remarks This doesn't currently work for all handles (like RTFILE).
649	*/
650	#if HC_ARCH_BITS == 32 \|\| ARCH_BITS == 16
651	# define ASMAtomicXchgHandle(ph, hNew, phRes) \
652	do { \
653	AssertCompile(sizeof(*(ph)) == sizeof(uint32_t)); \
654	AssertCompile(sizeof(*(phRes)) == sizeof(uint32_t)); \
655	(uint32_t RT_FAR )(phRes) = ASMAtomicXchgU32((uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *)(ph), (const uint32_t)(hNew)); \
656	} while (0)
657	#elif HC_ARCH_BITS == 64
658	# define ASMAtomicXchgHandle(ph, hNew, phRes) \
659	do { \
660	AssertCompile(sizeof(*(ph)) == sizeof(uint64_t)); \
661	AssertCompile(sizeof(*(phRes)) == sizeof(uint64_t)); \
662	(uint64_t RT_FAR )(phRes) = ASMAtomicXchgU64((uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *)(ph), (const uint64_t)(hNew)); \
663	} while (0)
664	#else
665	# error HC_ARCH_BITS
666	#endif
667
668
669	/**
670	* Atomically Exchange a value which size might differ
671	* between platforms or compilers, ordered.
672	*
673	* @param pu Pointer to the variable to update.
674	* @param uNew The value to assign to *pu.
675	* @todo This is busted as its missing the result argument.
676	*/
677	#define ASMAtomicXchgSize(pu, uNew) \
678	do { \
679	switch (sizeof(*(pu))) { \
680	case 1: ASMAtomicXchgU8( (volatile uint8_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu), (uint8_t)(uNew)); break; \
681	case 2: ASMAtomicXchgU16((volatile uint16_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu), (uint16_t)(uNew)); break; \
682	case 4: ASMAtomicXchgU32((volatile uint32_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu), (uint32_t)(uNew)); break; \
683	case 8: ASMAtomicXchgU64((volatile uint64_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu), (uint64_t)(uNew)); break; \
684	default: AssertMsgFailed(("ASMAtomicXchgSize: size %d is not supported\n", sizeof(*(pu)))); \
685	} \
686	} while (0)
687
688	/**
689	* Atomically Exchange a value which size might differ
690	* between platforms or compilers, ordered.
691	*
692	* @param pu Pointer to the variable to update.
693	* @param uNew The value to assign to *pu.
694	* @param puRes Where to store the current *pu value.
695	*/
696	#define ASMAtomicXchgSizeCorrect(pu, uNew, puRes) \
697	do { \
698	switch (sizeof(*(pu))) { \
699	case 1: (uint8_t RT_FAR )(puRes) = ASMAtomicXchgU8( (volatile uint8_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu), (uint8_t)(uNew)); break; \
700	case 2: (uint16_t RT_FAR )(puRes) = ASMAtomicXchgU16((volatile uint16_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu), (uint16_t)(uNew)); break; \
701	case 4: (uint32_t RT_FAR )(puRes) = ASMAtomicXchgU32((volatile uint32_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu), (uint32_t)(uNew)); break; \
702	case 8: (uint64_t RT_FAR )(puRes) = ASMAtomicXchgU64((volatile uint64_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu), (uint64_t)(uNew)); break; \
703	default: AssertMsgFailed(("ASMAtomicXchgSize: size %d is not supported\n", sizeof(*(pu)))); \
704	} \
705	} while (0)
706
707
708
709	/**
710	* Atomically Compare and Exchange an unsigned 8-bit value, ordered.
711	*
712	* @returns true if xchg was done.
713	* @returns false if xchg wasn't done.
714	*
715	* @param pu8 Pointer to the value to update.
716	* @param u8New The new value to assigned to *pu8.
717	* @param u8Old The old value to *pu8 compare with.
718	*
719	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
720	*/
721	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL \|\| !RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
722	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(bool) ASMAtomicCmpXchgU8(volatile uint8_t RT_FAR *pu8, const uint8_t u8New, const uint8_t u8Old) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
723	#else
724	DECLINLINE(bool) ASMAtomicCmpXchgU8(volatile uint8_t RT_FAR *pu8, const uint8_t u8New, uint8_t u8Old) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
725	{
726	uint8_t u8Ret;
727	__asm__ __volatile__("lock; cmpxchgb %3, %0\n\t"
728	"setz %1\n\t"
729	: "=m" (*pu8),
730	"=qm" (u8Ret),
731	"=a" (u8Old)
732	: "q" (u8New),
733	"2" (u8Old),
734	"m" (*pu8));
735	return (bool)u8Ret;
736	}
737	#endif
738
739
740	/**
741	* Atomically Compare and Exchange a signed 8-bit value, ordered.
742	*
743	* @returns true if xchg was done.
744	* @returns false if xchg wasn't done.
745	*
746	* @param pi8 Pointer to the value to update.
747	* @param i8New The new value to assigned to *pi8.
748	* @param i8Old The old value to *pi8 compare with.
749	*
750	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
751	*/
752	DECLINLINE(bool) ASMAtomicCmpXchgS8(volatile int8_t RT_FAR *pi8, const int8_t i8New, const int8_t i8Old) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
753	{
754	return ASMAtomicCmpXchgU8((volatile uint8_t RT_FAR *)pi8, (uint8_t)i8New, (uint8_t)i8Old);
755	}
756
757
758	/**
759	* Atomically Compare and Exchange a bool value, ordered.
760	*
761	* @returns true if xchg was done.
762	* @returns false if xchg wasn't done.
763	*
764	* @param pf Pointer to the value to update.
765	* @param fNew The new value to assigned to *pf.
766	* @param fOld The old value to *pf compare with.
767	*
768	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
769	*/
770	DECLINLINE(bool) ASMAtomicCmpXchgBool(volatile bool RT_FAR *pf, const bool fNew, const bool fOld) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
771	{
772	return ASMAtomicCmpXchgU8((volatile uint8_t RT_FAR *)pf, (uint8_t)fNew, (uint8_t)fOld);
773	}
774
775
776	/**
777	* Atomically Compare and Exchange an unsigned 32-bit value, ordered.
778	*
779	* @returns true if xchg was done.
780	* @returns false if xchg wasn't done.
781	*
782	* @param pu32 Pointer to the value to update.
783	* @param u32New The new value to assigned to *pu32.
784	* @param u32Old The old value to *pu32 compare with.
785	*
786	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
787	*/
788	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
789	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(bool) ASMAtomicCmpXchgU32(volatile uint32_t RT_FAR *pu32, const uint32_t u32New, const uint32_t u32Old) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
790	#else
791	DECLINLINE(bool) ASMAtomicCmpXchgU32(volatile uint32_t RT_FAR *pu32, const uint32_t u32New, uint32_t u32Old) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
792	{
793	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
794	uint8_t u8Ret;
795	__asm__ __volatile__("lock; cmpxchgl %3, %0\n\t"
796	"setz %1\n\t"
797	: "=m" (*pu32),
798	"=qm" (u8Ret),
799	"=a" (u32Old)
800	: "r" (u32New),
801	"2" (u32Old),
802	"m" (*pu32));
803	return (bool)u8Ret;
804
805	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
806	return (uint32_t)_InterlockedCompareExchange((long RT_FAR *)pu32, u32New, u32Old) == u32Old;
807
808	# else
809	uint32_t u32Ret;
810	__asm
811	{
812	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
813	mov rdx, [pu32]
814	# else
815	mov edx, [pu32]
816	# endif
817	mov eax, [u32Old]
818	mov ecx, [u32New]
819	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
820	lock cmpxchg [rdx], ecx
821	# else
822	lock cmpxchg [edx], ecx
823	# endif
824	setz al
825	movzx eax, al
826	mov [u32Ret], eax
827	}
828	return !!u32Ret;
829	# endif
830	}
831	#endif
832
833
834	/**
835	* Atomically Compare and Exchange a signed 32-bit value, ordered.
836	*
837	* @returns true if xchg was done.
838	* @returns false if xchg wasn't done.
839	*
840	* @param pi32 Pointer to the value to update.
841	* @param i32New The new value to assigned to *pi32.
842	* @param i32Old The old value to *pi32 compare with.
843	*
844	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
845	*/
846	DECLINLINE(bool) ASMAtomicCmpXchgS32(volatile int32_t RT_FAR *pi32, const int32_t i32New, const int32_t i32Old) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
847	{
848	return ASMAtomicCmpXchgU32((volatile uint32_t RT_FAR *)pi32, (uint32_t)i32New, (uint32_t)i32Old);
849	}
850
851
852	/**
853	* Atomically Compare and exchange an unsigned 64-bit value, ordered.
854	*
855	* @returns true if xchg was done.
856	* @returns false if xchg wasn't done.
857	*
858	* @param pu64 Pointer to the 64-bit variable to update.
859	* @param u64New The 64-bit value to assign to *pu64.
860	* @param u64Old The value to compare with.
861	*
862	* @remarks x86: Requires a Pentium or later.
863	*/
864	#if (RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN) \
865	\|\| RT_INLINE_DONT_MIX_CMPXCHG8B_AND_PIC
866	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(bool) ASMAtomicCmpXchgU64(volatile uint64_t RT_FAR *pu64, const uint64_t u64New, const uint64_t u64Old) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
867	#else
868	DECLINLINE(bool) ASMAtomicCmpXchgU64(volatile uint64_t RT_FAR *pu64, uint64_t u64New, uint64_t u64Old) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
869	{
870	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
871	return (uint64_t)_InterlockedCompareExchange64((__int64 RT_FAR *)pu64, u64New, u64Old) == u64Old;
872
873	# elif defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64)
874	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
875	uint8_t u8Ret;
876	__asm__ __volatile__("lock; cmpxchgq %3, %0\n\t"
877	"setz %1\n\t"
878	: "=m" (*pu64),
879	"=qm" (u8Ret),
880	"=a" (u64Old)
881	: "r" (u64New),
882	"2" (u64Old),
883	"m" (*pu64));
884	return (bool)u8Ret;
885	# else
886	bool fRet;
887	__asm
888	{
889	mov rdx, [pu32]
890	mov rax, [u64Old]
891	mov rcx, [u64New]
892	lock cmpxchg [rdx], rcx
893	setz al
894	mov [fRet], al
895	}
896	return fRet;
897	# endif
898	# else /* !RT_ARCH_AMD64 */
899	uint32_t u32Ret;
900	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
901	# if defined(PIC) \|\| defined(__PIC__)
902	uint32_t u32EBX = (uint32_t)u64New;
903	uint32_t u32Spill;
904	__asm__ __volatile__("xchgl %%ebx, %4\n\t"
905	"lock; cmpxchg8b (%6)\n\t"
906	"setz %%al\n\t"
907	"movl %4, %%ebx\n\t"
908	"movzbl %%al, %%eax\n\t"
909	: "=a" (u32Ret),
910	"=d" (u32Spill),
911	# if RT_GNUC_PREREQ(4, 3)
912	"+m" (*pu64)
913	# else
914	"=m" (*pu64)
915	# endif
916	: "A" (u64Old),
917	"m" ( u32EBX ),
918	"c" ( (uint32_t)(u64New >> 32) ),
919	"S" (pu64));
920	# else /* !PIC */
921	uint32_t u32Spill;
922	__asm__ __volatile__("lock; cmpxchg8b %2\n\t"
923	"setz %%al\n\t"
924	"movzbl %%al, %%eax\n\t"
925	: "=a" (u32Ret),
926	"=d" (u32Spill),
927	"+m" (*pu64)
928	: "A" (u64Old),
929	"b" ( (uint32_t)u64New ),
930	"c" ( (uint32_t)(u64New >> 32) ));
931	# endif
932	return (bool)u32Ret;
933	# else
934	__asm
935	{
936	mov ebx, dword ptr [u64New]
937	mov ecx, dword ptr [u64New + 4]
938	mov edi, [pu64]
939	mov eax, dword ptr [u64Old]
940	mov edx, dword ptr [u64Old + 4]
941	lock cmpxchg8b [edi]
942	setz al
943	movzx eax, al
944	mov dword ptr [u32Ret], eax
945	}
946	return !!u32Ret;
947	# endif
948	# endif /* !RT_ARCH_AMD64 */
949	}
950	#endif
951
952
953	/**
954	* Atomically Compare and exchange a signed 64-bit value, ordered.
955	*
956	* @returns true if xchg was done.
957	* @returns false if xchg wasn't done.
958	*
959	* @param pi64 Pointer to the 64-bit variable to update.
960	* @param i64 The 64-bit value to assign to *pu64.
961	* @param i64Old The value to compare with.
962	*
963	* @remarks x86: Requires a Pentium or later.
964	*/
965	DECLINLINE(bool) ASMAtomicCmpXchgS64(volatile int64_t RT_FAR *pi64, const int64_t i64, const int64_t i64Old) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
966	{
967	return ASMAtomicCmpXchgU64((volatile uint64_t RT_FAR *)pi64, (uint64_t)i64, (uint64_t)i64Old);
968	}
969
970
971	/**
972	* Atomically Compare and Exchange a pointer value, ordered.
973	*
974	* @returns true if xchg was done.
975	* @returns false if xchg wasn't done.
976	*
977	* @param ppv Pointer to the value to update.
978	* @param pvNew The new value to assigned to *ppv.
979	* @param pvOld The old value to *ppv compare with.
980	*
981	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
982	*/
983	DECLINLINE(bool) ASMAtomicCmpXchgPtrVoid(void RT_FAR * volatile RT_FAR ppv, const void RT_FAR pvNew, const void RT_FAR *pvOld) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
984	{
985	#if ARCH_BITS == 32 \|\| ARCH_BITS == 16
986	return ASMAtomicCmpXchgU32((volatile uint32_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )ppv, (uint32_t)pvNew, (uint32_t)pvOld);
987	#elif ARCH_BITS == 64
988	return ASMAtomicCmpXchgU64((volatile uint64_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )ppv, (uint64_t)pvNew, (uint64_t)pvOld);
989	#else
990	# error "ARCH_BITS is bogus"
991	#endif
992	}
993
994
995	/**
996	* Atomically Compare and Exchange a pointer value, ordered.
997	*
998	* @returns true if xchg was done.
999	* @returns false if xchg wasn't done.
1000	*
1001	* @param ppv Pointer to the value to update.
1002	* @param pvNew The new value to assigned to *ppv.
1003	* @param pvOld The old value to *ppv compare with.
1004	*
1005	* @remarks This is relatively type safe on GCC platforms.
1006	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
1007	*/
1008	#ifdef __GNUC__
1009	# define ASMAtomicCmpXchgPtr(ppv, pvNew, pvOld) \
1010	__extension__ \
1011	({\
1012	__typeof__((ppv)) volatile const ppvTypeChecked = (ppv); \
1013	__typeof__(*(ppv)) const pvNewTypeChecked = (pvNew); \
1014	__typeof__(*(ppv)) const pvOldTypeChecked = (pvOld); \
1015	bool fMacroRet = ASMAtomicCmpXchgPtrVoid((void * volatile *)ppvTypeChecked, \
1016	(void )pvNewTypeChecked, (void )pvOldTypeChecked); \
1017	fMacroRet; \
1018	})
1019	#else
1020	# define ASMAtomicCmpXchgPtr(ppv, pvNew, pvOld) \
1021	ASMAtomicCmpXchgPtrVoid((void RT_FAR * volatile RT_FAR )(ppv), (void RT_FAR )(pvNew), (void RT_FAR *)(pvOld))
1022	#endif
1023
1024
1025	/** @def ASMAtomicCmpXchgHandle
1026	* Atomically Compare and Exchange a typical IPRT handle value, ordered.
1027	*
1028	* @param ph Pointer to the value to update.
1029	* @param hNew The new value to assigned to *pu.
1030	* @param hOld The old value to *pu compare with.
1031	* @param fRc Where to store the result.
1032	*
1033	* @remarks This doesn't currently work for all handles (like RTFILE).
1034	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
1035	*/
1036	#if HC_ARCH_BITS == 32 \|\| ARCH_BITS == 16
1037	# define ASMAtomicCmpXchgHandle(ph, hNew, hOld, fRc) \
1038	do { \
1039	AssertCompile(sizeof(*(ph)) == sizeof(uint32_t)); \
1040	(fRc) = ASMAtomicCmpXchgU32((uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *)(ph), (const uint32_t)(hNew), (const uint32_t)(hOld)); \
1041	} while (0)
1042	#elif HC_ARCH_BITS == 64
1043	# define ASMAtomicCmpXchgHandle(ph, hNew, hOld, fRc) \
1044	do { \
1045	AssertCompile(sizeof(*(ph)) == sizeof(uint64_t)); \
1046	(fRc) = ASMAtomicCmpXchgU64((uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *)(ph), (const uint64_t)(hNew), (const uint64_t)(hOld)); \
1047	} while (0)
1048	#else
1049	# error HC_ARCH_BITS
1050	#endif
1051
1052
1053	/** @def ASMAtomicCmpXchgSize
1054	* Atomically Compare and Exchange a value which size might differ
1055	* between platforms or compilers, ordered.
1056	*
1057	* @param pu Pointer to the value to update.
1058	* @param uNew The new value to assigned to *pu.
1059	* @param uOld The old value to *pu compare with.
1060	* @param fRc Where to store the result.
1061	*
1062	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
1063	*/
1064	#define ASMAtomicCmpXchgSize(pu, uNew, uOld, fRc) \
1065	do { \
1066	switch (sizeof(*(pu))) { \
1067	case 4: (fRc) = ASMAtomicCmpXchgU32((volatile uint32_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu), (uint32_t)(uNew), (uint32_t)(uOld)); \
1068	break; \
1069	case 8: (fRc) = ASMAtomicCmpXchgU64((volatile uint64_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu), (uint64_t)(uNew), (uint64_t)(uOld)); \
1070	break; \
1071	default: AssertMsgFailed(("ASMAtomicCmpXchgSize: size %d is not supported\n", sizeof(*(pu)))); \
1072	(fRc) = false; \
1073	break; \
1074	} \
1075	} while (0)
1076
1077
1078	/**
1079	* Atomically Compare and Exchange an unsigned 32-bit value, additionally
1080	* passes back old value, ordered.
1081	*
1082	* @returns true if xchg was done.
1083	* @returns false if xchg wasn't done.
1084	*
1085	* @param pu32 Pointer to the value to update.
1086	* @param u32New The new value to assigned to *pu32.
1087	* @param u32Old The old value to *pu32 compare with.
1088	* @param pu32Old Pointer store the old value at.
1089	*
1090	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
1091	*/
1092	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
1093	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(bool) ASMAtomicCmpXchgExU32(volatile uint32_t RT_FAR pu32, const uint32_t u32New, const uint32_t u32Old, uint32_t RT_FAR pu32Old) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
1094	#else
1095	DECLINLINE(bool) ASMAtomicCmpXchgExU32(volatile uint32_t RT_FAR pu32, const uint32_t u32New, const uint32_t u32Old, uint32_t RT_FAR pu32Old) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
1096	{
1097	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
1098	uint8_t u8Ret;
1099	__asm__ __volatile__("lock; cmpxchgl %3, %0\n\t"
1100	"setz %1\n\t"
1101	: "=m" (*pu32),
1102	"=qm" (u8Ret),
1103	"=a" (*pu32Old)
1104	: "r" (u32New),
1105	"a" (u32Old),
1106	"m" (*pu32));
1107	return (bool)u8Ret;
1108
1109	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
1110	return (pu32Old =_InterlockedCompareExchange((long RT_FAR )pu32, u32New, u32Old)) == u32Old;
1111
1112	# else
1113	uint32_t u32Ret;
1114	__asm
1115	{
1116	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
1117	mov rdx, [pu32]
1118	# else
1119	mov edx, [pu32]
1120	# endif
1121	mov eax, [u32Old]
1122	mov ecx, [u32New]
1123	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
1124	lock cmpxchg [rdx], ecx
1125	mov rdx, [pu32Old]
1126	mov [rdx], eax
1127	# else
1128	lock cmpxchg [edx], ecx
1129	mov edx, [pu32Old]
1130	mov [edx], eax
1131	# endif
1132	setz al
1133	movzx eax, al
1134	mov [u32Ret], eax
1135	}
1136	return !!u32Ret;
1137	# endif
1138	}
1139	#endif
1140
1141
1142	/**
1143	* Atomically Compare and Exchange a signed 32-bit value, additionally
1144	* passes back old value, ordered.
1145	*
1146	* @returns true if xchg was done.
1147	* @returns false if xchg wasn't done.
1148	*
1149	* @param pi32 Pointer to the value to update.
1150	* @param i32New The new value to assigned to *pi32.
1151	* @param i32Old The old value to *pi32 compare with.
1152	* @param pi32Old Pointer store the old value at.
1153	*
1154	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
1155	*/
1156	DECLINLINE(bool) ASMAtomicCmpXchgExS32(volatile int32_t RT_FAR pi32, const int32_t i32New, const int32_t i32Old, int32_t RT_FAR pi32Old) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
1157	{
1158	return ASMAtomicCmpXchgExU32((volatile uint32_t RT_FAR )pi32, (uint32_t)i32New, (uint32_t)i32Old, (uint32_t RT_FAR )pi32Old);
1159	}
1160
1161
1162	/**
1163	* Atomically Compare and exchange an unsigned 64-bit value, additionally
1164	* passing back old value, ordered.
1165	*
1166	* @returns true if xchg was done.
1167	* @returns false if xchg wasn't done.
1168	*
1169	* @param pu64 Pointer to the 64-bit variable to update.
1170	* @param u64New The 64-bit value to assign to *pu64.
1171	* @param u64Old The value to compare with.
1172	* @param pu64Old Pointer store the old value at.
1173	*
1174	* @remarks x86: Requires a Pentium or later.
1175	*/
1176	#if (RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN) \
1177	\|\| RT_INLINE_DONT_MIX_CMPXCHG8B_AND_PIC
1178	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(bool) ASMAtomicCmpXchgExU64(volatile uint64_t RT_FAR pu64, const uint64_t u64New, const uint64_t u64Old, uint64_t RT_FAR pu64Old) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
1179	#else
1180	DECLINLINE(bool) ASMAtomicCmpXchgExU64(volatile uint64_t RT_FAR pu64, const uint64_t u64New, const uint64_t u64Old, uint64_t RT_FAR pu64Old) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
1181	{
1182	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
1183	return (pu64Old =_InterlockedCompareExchange64((__int64 RT_FAR )pu64, u64New, u64Old)) == u64Old;
1184
1185	# elif defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64)
1186	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
1187	uint8_t u8Ret;
1188	__asm__ __volatile__("lock; cmpxchgq %3, %0\n\t"
1189	"setz %1\n\t"
1190	: "=m" (*pu64),
1191	"=qm" (u8Ret),
1192	"=a" (*pu64Old)
1193	: "r" (u64New),
1194	"a" (u64Old),
1195	"m" (*pu64));
1196	return (bool)u8Ret;
1197	# else
1198	bool fRet;
1199	__asm
1200	{
1201	mov rdx, [pu32]
1202	mov rax, [u64Old]
1203	mov rcx, [u64New]
1204	lock cmpxchg [rdx], rcx
1205	mov rdx, [pu64Old]
1206	mov [rdx], rax
1207	setz al
1208	mov [fRet], al
1209	}
1210	return fRet;
1211	# endif
1212	# else /* !RT_ARCH_AMD64 */
1213	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
1214	uint64_t u64Ret;
1215	# if defined(PIC) \|\| defined(__PIC__)
1216	/* NB: this code uses a memory clobber description, because the clean
1217	* solution with an output value for *pu64 makes gcc run out of registers.
1218	* This will cause suboptimal code, and anyone with a better solution is
1219	* welcome to improve this. */
1220	__asm__ __volatile__("xchgl %%ebx, %1\n\t"
1221	"lock; cmpxchg8b %3\n\t"
1222	"xchgl %%ebx, %1\n\t"
1223	: "=A" (u64Ret)
1224	: "DS" ((uint32_t)u64New),
1225	"c" ((uint32_t)(u64New >> 32)),
1226	"m" (*pu64),
1227	"0" (u64Old)
1228	: "memory" );
1229	# else /* !PIC */
1230	__asm__ __volatile__("lock; cmpxchg8b %4\n\t"
1231	: "=A" (u64Ret),
1232	"=m" (*pu64)
1233	: "b" ((uint32_t)u64New),
1234	"c" ((uint32_t)(u64New >> 32)),
1235	"m" (*pu64),
1236	"0" (u64Old));
1237	# endif
1238	*pu64Old = u64Ret;
1239	return u64Ret == u64Old;
1240	# else
1241	uint32_t u32Ret;
1242	__asm
1243	{
1244	mov ebx, dword ptr [u64New]
1245	mov ecx, dword ptr [u64New + 4]
1246	mov edi, [pu64]
1247	mov eax, dword ptr [u64Old]
1248	mov edx, dword ptr [u64Old + 4]
1249	lock cmpxchg8b [edi]
1250	mov ebx, [pu64Old]
1251	mov [ebx], eax
1252	setz al
1253	movzx eax, al
1254	add ebx, 4
1255	mov [ebx], edx
1256	mov dword ptr [u32Ret], eax
1257	}
1258	return !!u32Ret;
1259	# endif
1260	# endif /* !RT_ARCH_AMD64 */
1261	}
1262	#endif
1263
1264
1265	/**
1266	* Atomically Compare and exchange a signed 64-bit value, additionally
1267	* passing back old value, ordered.
1268	*
1269	* @returns true if xchg was done.
1270	* @returns false if xchg wasn't done.
1271	*
1272	* @param pi64 Pointer to the 64-bit variable to update.
1273	* @param i64 The 64-bit value to assign to *pu64.
1274	* @param i64Old The value to compare with.
1275	* @param pi64Old Pointer store the old value at.
1276	*
1277	* @remarks x86: Requires a Pentium or later.
1278	*/
1279	DECLINLINE(bool) ASMAtomicCmpXchgExS64(volatile int64_t RT_FAR pi64, const int64_t i64, const int64_t i64Old, int64_t RT_FAR pi64Old) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
1280	{
1281	return ASMAtomicCmpXchgExU64((volatile uint64_t RT_FAR )pi64, (uint64_t)i64, (uint64_t)i64Old, (uint64_t RT_FAR )pi64Old);
1282	}
1283
1284	/** @def ASMAtomicCmpXchgExHandle
1285	* Atomically Compare and Exchange a typical IPRT handle value, ordered.
1286	*
1287	* @param ph Pointer to the value to update.
1288	* @param hNew The new value to assigned to *pu.
1289	* @param hOld The old value to *pu compare with.
1290	* @param fRc Where to store the result.
1291	* @param phOldVal Pointer to where to store the old value.
1292	*
1293	* @remarks This doesn't currently work for all handles (like RTFILE).
1294	*/
1295	#if HC_ARCH_BITS == 32 \|\| ARCH_BITS == 16
1296	# define ASMAtomicCmpXchgExHandle(ph, hNew, hOld, fRc, phOldVal) \
1297	do { \
1298	AssertCompile(sizeof(*ph) == sizeof(uint32_t)); \
1299	AssertCompile(sizeof(*phOldVal) == sizeof(uint32_t)); \
1300	(fRc) = ASMAtomicCmpXchgExU32((volatile uint32_t RT_FAR )(pu), (uint32_t)(uNew), (uint32_t)(uOld), (uint32_t RT_FAR )(puOldVal)); \
1301	} while (0)
1302	#elif HC_ARCH_BITS == 64
1303	# define ASMAtomicCmpXchgExHandle(ph, hNew, hOld, fRc, phOldVal) \
1304	do { \
1305	AssertCompile(sizeof(*(ph)) == sizeof(uint64_t)); \
1306	AssertCompile(sizeof(*(phOldVal)) == sizeof(uint64_t)); \
1307	(fRc) = ASMAtomicCmpXchgExU64((volatile uint64_t RT_FAR )(pu), (uint64_t)(uNew), (uint64_t)(uOld), (uint64_t RT_FAR )(puOldVal)); \
1308	} while (0)
1309	#else
1310	# error HC_ARCH_BITS
1311	#endif
1312
1313
1314	/** @def ASMAtomicCmpXchgExSize
1315	* Atomically Compare and Exchange a value which size might differ
1316	* between platforms or compilers. Additionally passes back old value.
1317	*
1318	* @param pu Pointer to the value to update.
1319	* @param uNew The new value to assigned to *pu.
1320	* @param uOld The old value to *pu compare with.
1321	* @param fRc Where to store the result.
1322	* @param puOldVal Pointer to where to store the old value.
1323	*
1324	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
1325	*/
1326	#define ASMAtomicCmpXchgExSize(pu, uNew, uOld, fRc, puOldVal) \
1327	do { \
1328	switch (sizeof(*(pu))) { \
1329	case 4: (fRc) = ASMAtomicCmpXchgExU32((volatile uint32_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu), (uint32_t)(uNew), (uint32_t)(uOld), (uint32_t RT_FAR *)(uOldVal)); \
1330	break; \
1331	case 8: (fRc) = ASMAtomicCmpXchgExU64((volatile uint64_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu), (uint64_t)(uNew), (uint64_t)(uOld), (uint64_t RT_FAR *)(uOldVal)); \
1332	break; \
1333	default: AssertMsgFailed(("ASMAtomicCmpXchgSize: size %d is not supported\n", sizeof(*(pu)))); \
1334	(fRc) = false; \
1335	(uOldVal) = 0; \
1336	break; \
1337	} \
1338	} while (0)
1339
1340
1341	/**
1342	* Atomically Compare and Exchange a pointer value, additionally
1343	* passing back old value, ordered.
1344	*
1345	* @returns true if xchg was done.
1346	* @returns false if xchg wasn't done.
1347	*
1348	* @param ppv Pointer to the value to update.
1349	* @param pvNew The new value to assigned to *ppv.
1350	* @param pvOld The old value to *ppv compare with.
1351	* @param ppvOld Pointer store the old value at.
1352	*
1353	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
1354	*/
1355	DECLINLINE(bool) ASMAtomicCmpXchgExPtrVoid(void RT_FAR * volatile RT_FAR ppv, const void RT_FAR pvNew, const void RT_FAR *pvOld,
1356	void RT_FAR * RT_FAR *ppvOld) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
1357	{
1358	#if ARCH_BITS == 32 \|\| ARCH_BITS == 16
1359	return ASMAtomicCmpXchgExU32((volatile uint32_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )ppv, (uint32_t)pvNew, (uint32_t)pvOld, (uint32_t RT_FAR *)ppvOld);
1360	#elif ARCH_BITS == 64
1361	return ASMAtomicCmpXchgExU64((volatile uint64_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )ppv, (uint64_t)pvNew, (uint64_t)pvOld, (uint64_t RT_FAR *)ppvOld);
1362	#else
1363	# error "ARCH_BITS is bogus"
1364	#endif
1365	}
1366
1367
1368	/**
1369	* Atomically Compare and Exchange a pointer value, additionally
1370	* passing back old value, ordered.
1371	*
1372	* @returns true if xchg was done.
1373	* @returns false if xchg wasn't done.
1374	*
1375	* @param ppv Pointer to the value to update.
1376	* @param pvNew The new value to assigned to *ppv.
1377	* @param pvOld The old value to *ppv compare with.
1378	* @param ppvOld Pointer store the old value at.
1379	*
1380	* @remarks This is relatively type safe on GCC platforms.
1381	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
1382	*/
1383	#ifdef __GNUC__
1384	# define ASMAtomicCmpXchgExPtr(ppv, pvNew, pvOld, ppvOld) \
1385	__extension__ \
1386	({\
1387	__typeof__((ppv)) volatile const ppvTypeChecked = (ppv); \
1388	__typeof__(*(ppv)) const pvNewTypeChecked = (pvNew); \
1389	__typeof__(*(ppv)) const pvOldTypeChecked = (pvOld); \
1390	__typeof__((ppv)) const ppvOldTypeChecked = (ppvOld); \
1391	bool fMacroRet = ASMAtomicCmpXchgExPtrVoid((void * volatile *)ppvTypeChecked, \
1392	(void )pvNewTypeChecked, (void )pvOldTypeChecked, \
1393	(void **)ppvOldTypeChecked); \
1394	fMacroRet; \
1395	})
1396	#else
1397	# define ASMAtomicCmpXchgExPtr(ppv, pvNew, pvOld, ppvOld) \
1398	ASMAtomicCmpXchgExPtrVoid((void RT_FAR * volatile RT_FAR )(ppv), (void RT_FAR )(pvNew), (void RT_FAR )(pvOld), (void RT_FAR RT_FAR *)(ppvOld))
1399	#endif
1400
1401
1402	/**
1403	* Virtualization unfriendly serializing instruction, always exits.
1404	*/
1405	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
1406	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(void) ASMSerializeInstructionCpuId(void) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
1407	#else
1408	DECLINLINE(void) ASMSerializeInstructionCpuId(void) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
1409	{
1410	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
1411	RTCCUINTREG xAX = 0;
1412	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
1413	__asm__ __volatile__ ("cpuid"
1414	: "=a" (xAX)
1415	: "0" (xAX)
1416	: "rbx", "rcx", "rdx", "memory");
1417	# elif (defined(PIC) \|\| defined(__PIC__)) && defined(__i386__)
1418	__asm__ __volatile__ ("push %%ebx\n\t"
1419	"cpuid\n\t"
1420	"pop %%ebx\n\t"
1421	: "=a" (xAX)
1422	: "0" (xAX)
1423	: "ecx", "edx", "memory");
1424	# else
1425	__asm__ __volatile__ ("cpuid"
1426	: "=a" (xAX)
1427	: "0" (xAX)
1428	: "ebx", "ecx", "edx", "memory");
1429	# endif
1430
1431	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
1432	int aInfo[4];
1433	_ReadWriteBarrier();
1434	__cpuid(aInfo, 0);
1435
1436	# else
1437	__asm
1438	{
1439	push ebx
1440	xor eax, eax
1441	cpuid
1442	pop ebx
1443	}
1444	# endif
1445	}
1446	#endif
1447
1448	/**
1449	* Virtualization friendly serializing instruction, though more expensive.
1450	*/
1451	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL
1452	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(void) ASMSerializeInstructionIRet(void) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
1453	#else
1454	DECLINLINE(void) ASMSerializeInstructionIRet(void) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
1455	{
1456	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
1457	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
1458	__asm__ __volatile__ ("movq %%rsp,%%r10\n\t"
1459	"subq $128, %%rsp\n\t" /redzone/
1460	"mov %%ss, %%eax\n\t"
1461	"pushq %%rax\n\t"
1462	"pushq %%r10\n\t"
1463	"pushfq\n\t"
1464	"movl %%cs, %%eax\n\t"
1465	"pushq %%rax\n\t"
1466	"leaq 1f(%%rip), %%rax\n\t"
1467	"pushq %%rax\n\t"
1468	"iretq\n\t"
1469	"1:\n\t"
1470	::: "rax", "r10", "memory");
1471	# else
1472	__asm__ __volatile__ ("pushfl\n\t"
1473	"pushl %%cs\n\t"
1474	"pushl $1f\n\t"
1475	"iretl\n\t"
1476	"1:\n\t"
1477	::: "memory");
1478	# endif
1479
1480	# else
1481	__asm
1482	{
1483	pushfd
1484	push cs
1485	push la_ret
1486	iretd
1487	la_ret:
1488	}
1489	# endif
1490	}
1491	#endif
1492
1493	/**
1494	* Virtualization friendlier serializing instruction, may still cause exits.
1495	*/
1496	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN < 15
1497	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(void) ASMSerializeInstructionRdTscp(void) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
1498	#else
1499	DECLINLINE(void) ASMSerializeInstructionRdTscp(void) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
1500	{
1501	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
1502	/* rdtscp is not supported by ancient linux build VM of course :-( */
1503	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
1504	/__asm__ __volatile__("rdtscp\n\t" ::: "rax", "rdx, "rcx"); /
1505	__asm__ __volatile__(".byte 0x0f,0x01,0xf9\n\t" ::: "rax", "rdx", "rcx", "memory");
1506	# else
1507	/__asm__ __volatile__("rdtscp\n\t" ::: "eax", "edx, "ecx"); /
1508	__asm__ __volatile__(".byte 0x0f,0x01,0xf9\n\t" ::: "eax", "edx", "ecx", "memory");
1509	# endif
1510	# else
1511	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN >= 15
1512	uint32_t uIgnore;
1513	_ReadWriteBarrier();
1514	(void)__rdtscp(&uIgnore);
1515	(void)uIgnore;
1516	# else
1517	__asm
1518	{
1519	rdtscp
1520	}
1521	# endif
1522	# endif
1523	}
1524	#endif
1525
1526
1527	/**
1528	* Serialize Instruction.
1529	*/
1530	#if (defined(RT_ARCH_X86) && ARCH_BITS == 16) \|\| defined(IN_GUEST)
1531	# define ASMSerializeInstruction() ASMSerializeInstructionIRet()
1532	#elif defined(RT_ARCH_X86) \|\| defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64)
1533	# define ASMSerializeInstruction() ASMSerializeInstructionCpuId()
1534	#elif defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC64)
1535	RTDECL(void) ASMSerializeInstruction(void) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
1536	#else
1537	# error "Port me"
1538	#endif
1539
1540
1541	/**
1542	* Memory fence, waits for any pending writes and reads to complete.
1543	*/
1544	DECLINLINE(void) ASMMemoryFence(void) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
1545	{
1546	#if defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64) \|\| (defined(RT_ARCH_X86) && !defined(RT_WITH_OLD_CPU_SUPPORT))
1547	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
1548	__asm__ __volatile__ (".byte 0x0f,0xae,0xf0\n\t");
1549	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
1550	_mm_mfence();
1551	# else
1552	__asm
1553	{
1554	_emit 0x0f
1555	_emit 0xae
1556	_emit 0xf0
1557	}
1558	# endif
1559	#elif ARCH_BITS == 16
1560	uint16_t volatile u16;
1561	ASMAtomicXchgU16(&u16, 0);
1562	#else
1563	uint32_t volatile u32;
1564	ASMAtomicXchgU32(&u32, 0);
1565	#endif
1566	}
1567
1568
1569	/**
1570	* Write fence, waits for any pending writes to complete.
1571	*/
1572	DECLINLINE(void) ASMWriteFence(void) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
1573	{
1574	#if defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64) \|\| (defined(RT_ARCH_X86) && !defined(RT_WITH_OLD_CPU_SUPPORT))
1575	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
1576	__asm__ __volatile__ (".byte 0x0f,0xae,0xf8\n\t");
1577	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
1578	_mm_sfence();
1579	# else
1580	__asm
1581	{
1582	_emit 0x0f
1583	_emit 0xae
1584	_emit 0xf8
1585	}
1586	# endif
1587	#else
1588	ASMMemoryFence();
1589	#endif
1590	}
1591
1592
1593	/**
1594	* Read fence, waits for any pending reads to complete.
1595	*/
1596	DECLINLINE(void) ASMReadFence(void) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
1597	{
1598	#if defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64) \|\| (defined(RT_ARCH_X86) && !defined(RT_WITH_OLD_CPU_SUPPORT))
1599	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
1600	__asm__ __volatile__ (".byte 0x0f,0xae,0xe8\n\t");
1601	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
1602	_mm_lfence();
1603	# else
1604	__asm
1605	{
1606	_emit 0x0f
1607	_emit 0xae
1608	_emit 0xe8
1609	}
1610	# endif
1611	#else
1612	ASMMemoryFence();
1613	#endif
1614	}
1615
1616
1617	/**
1618	* Atomically reads an unsigned 8-bit value, ordered.
1619	*
1620	* @returns Current *pu8 value
1621	* @param pu8 Pointer to the 8-bit variable to read.
1622	*/
1623	DECLINLINE(uint8_t) ASMAtomicReadU8(volatile uint8_t RT_FAR *pu8) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
1624	{
1625	ASMMemoryFence();
1626	return pu8; / byte reads are atomic on x86 */
1627	}
1628
1629
1630	/**
1631	* Atomically reads an unsigned 8-bit value, unordered.
1632	*
1633	* @returns Current *pu8 value
1634	* @param pu8 Pointer to the 8-bit variable to read.
1635	*/
1636	DECLINLINE(uint8_t) ASMAtomicUoReadU8(volatile uint8_t RT_FAR *pu8) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
1637	{
1638	return pu8; / byte reads are atomic on x86 */
1639	}
1640
1641
1642	/**
1643	* Atomically reads a signed 8-bit value, ordered.
1644	*
1645	* @returns Current *pi8 value
1646	* @param pi8 Pointer to the 8-bit variable to read.
1647	*/
1648	DECLINLINE(int8_t) ASMAtomicReadS8(volatile int8_t RT_FAR *pi8) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
1649	{
1650	ASMMemoryFence();
1651	return pi8; / byte reads are atomic on x86 */
1652	}
1653
1654
1655	/**
1656	* Atomically reads a signed 8-bit value, unordered.
1657	*
1658	* @returns Current *pi8 value
1659	* @param pi8 Pointer to the 8-bit variable to read.
1660	*/
1661	DECLINLINE(int8_t) ASMAtomicUoReadS8(volatile int8_t RT_FAR *pi8) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
1662	{
1663	return pi8; / byte reads are atomic on x86 */
1664	}
1665
1666
1667	/**
1668	* Atomically reads an unsigned 16-bit value, ordered.
1669	*
1670	* @returns Current *pu16 value
1671	* @param pu16 Pointer to the 16-bit variable to read.
1672	*/
1673	DECLINLINE(uint16_t) ASMAtomicReadU16(volatile uint16_t RT_FAR *pu16) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
1674	{
1675	ASMMemoryFence();
1676	Assert(!((uintptr_t)pu16 & 1));
1677	return *pu16;
1678	}
1679
1680
1681	/**
1682	* Atomically reads an unsigned 16-bit value, unordered.
1683	*
1684	* @returns Current *pu16 value
1685	* @param pu16 Pointer to the 16-bit variable to read.
1686	*/
1687	DECLINLINE(uint16_t) ASMAtomicUoReadU16(volatile uint16_t RT_FAR *pu16) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
1688	{
1689	Assert(!((uintptr_t)pu16 & 1));
1690	return *pu16;
1691	}
1692
1693
1694	/**
1695	* Atomically reads a signed 16-bit value, ordered.
1696	*
1697	* @returns Current *pi16 value
1698	* @param pi16 Pointer to the 16-bit variable to read.
1699	*/
1700	DECLINLINE(int16_t) ASMAtomicReadS16(volatile int16_t RT_FAR *pi16) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
1701	{
1702	ASMMemoryFence();
1703	Assert(!((uintptr_t)pi16 & 1));
1704	return *pi16;
1705	}
1706
1707
1708	/**
1709	* Atomically reads a signed 16-bit value, unordered.
1710	*
1711	* @returns Current *pi16 value
1712	* @param pi16 Pointer to the 16-bit variable to read.
1713	*/
1714	DECLINLINE(int16_t) ASMAtomicUoReadS16(volatile int16_t RT_FAR *pi16) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
1715	{
1716	Assert(!((uintptr_t)pi16 & 1));
1717	return *pi16;
1718	}
1719
1720
1721	/**
1722	* Atomically reads an unsigned 32-bit value, ordered.
1723	*
1724	* @returns Current *pu32 value
1725	* @param pu32 Pointer to the 32-bit variable to read.
1726	*/
1727	DECLINLINE(uint32_t) ASMAtomicReadU32(volatile uint32_t RT_FAR *pu32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
1728	{
1729	ASMMemoryFence();
1730	Assert(!((uintptr_t)pu32 & 3));
1731	#if ARCH_BITS == 16
1732	AssertFailed(); /** @todo 16-bit */
1733	#endif
1734	return *pu32;
1735	}
1736
1737
1738	/**
1739	* Atomically reads an unsigned 32-bit value, unordered.
1740	*
1741	* @returns Current *pu32 value
1742	* @param pu32 Pointer to the 32-bit variable to read.
1743	*/
1744	DECLINLINE(uint32_t) ASMAtomicUoReadU32(volatile uint32_t RT_FAR *pu32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
1745	{
1746	Assert(!((uintptr_t)pu32 & 3));
1747	#if ARCH_BITS == 16
1748	AssertFailed(); /** @todo 16-bit */
1749	#endif
1750	return *pu32;
1751	}
1752
1753
1754	/**
1755	* Atomically reads a signed 32-bit value, ordered.
1756	*
1757	* @returns Current *pi32 value
1758	* @param pi32 Pointer to the 32-bit variable to read.
1759	*/
1760	DECLINLINE(int32_t) ASMAtomicReadS32(volatile int32_t RT_FAR *pi32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
1761	{
1762	ASMMemoryFence();
1763	Assert(!((uintptr_t)pi32 & 3));
1764	#if ARCH_BITS == 16
1765	AssertFailed(); /** @todo 16-bit */
1766	#endif
1767	return *pi32;
1768	}
1769
1770
1771	/**
1772	* Atomically reads a signed 32-bit value, unordered.
1773	*
1774	* @returns Current *pi32 value
1775	* @param pi32 Pointer to the 32-bit variable to read.
1776	*/
1777	DECLINLINE(int32_t) ASMAtomicUoReadS32(volatile int32_t RT_FAR *pi32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
1778	{
1779	Assert(!((uintptr_t)pi32 & 3));
1780	#if ARCH_BITS == 16
1781	AssertFailed(); /** @todo 16-bit */
1782	#endif
1783	return *pi32;
1784	}
1785
1786
1787	/**
1788	* Atomically reads an unsigned 64-bit value, ordered.
1789	*
1790	* @returns Current *pu64 value
1791	* @param pu64 Pointer to the 64-bit variable to read.
1792	* The memory pointed to must be writable.
1793	*
1794	* @remarks This may fault if the memory is read-only!
1795	* @remarks x86: Requires a Pentium or later.
1796	*/
1797	#if (RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64)) \
1798	\|\| RT_INLINE_DONT_MIX_CMPXCHG8B_AND_PIC
1799	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(uint64_t) ASMAtomicReadU64(volatile uint64_t RT_FAR *pu64) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
1800	#else
1801	DECLINLINE(uint64_t) ASMAtomicReadU64(volatile uint64_t RT_FAR *pu64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
1802	{
1803	uint64_t u64;
1804	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
1805	Assert(!((uintptr_t)pu64 & 7));
1806	/*# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
1807	__asm__ __volatile__( "mfence\n\t"
1808	"movq %1, %0\n\t"
1809	: "=r" (u64)
1810	: "m" (*pu64));
1811	# else
1812	__asm
1813	{
1814	mfence
1815	mov rdx, [pu64]
1816	mov rax, [rdx]
1817	mov [u64], rax
1818	}
1819	# endif*/
1820	ASMMemoryFence();
1821	u64 = *pu64;
1822	# else /* !RT_ARCH_AMD64 */
1823	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
1824	# if defined(PIC) \|\| defined(__PIC__)
1825	uint32_t u32EBX = 0;
1826	Assert(!((uintptr_t)pu64 & 7));
1827	__asm__ __volatile__("xchgl %%ebx, %3\n\t"
1828	"lock; cmpxchg8b (%5)\n\t"
1829	"movl %3, %%ebx\n\t"
1830	: "=A" (u64),
1831	# if RT_GNUC_PREREQ(4, 3)
1832	"+m" (*pu64)
1833	# else
1834	"=m" (*pu64)
1835	# endif
1836	: "0" (0ULL),
1837	"m" (u32EBX),
1838	"c" (0),
1839	"S" (pu64));
1840	# else /* !PIC */
1841	__asm__ __volatile__("lock; cmpxchg8b %1\n\t"
1842	: "=A" (u64),
1843	"+m" (*pu64)
1844	: "0" (0ULL),
1845	"b" (0),
1846	"c" (0));
1847	# endif
1848	# else
1849	Assert(!((uintptr_t)pu64 & 7));
1850	__asm
1851	{
1852	xor eax, eax
1853	xor edx, edx
1854	mov edi, pu64
1855	xor ecx, ecx
1856	xor ebx, ebx
1857	lock cmpxchg8b [edi]
1858	mov dword ptr [u64], eax
1859	mov dword ptr [u64 + 4], edx
1860	}
1861	# endif
1862	# endif /* !RT_ARCH_AMD64 */
1863	return u64;
1864	}
1865	#endif
1866
1867
1868	/**
1869	* Atomically reads an unsigned 64-bit value, unordered.
1870	*
1871	* @returns Current *pu64 value
1872	* @param pu64 Pointer to the 64-bit variable to read.
1873	* The memory pointed to must be writable.
1874	*
1875	* @remarks This may fault if the memory is read-only!
1876	* @remarks x86: Requires a Pentium or later.
1877	*/
1878	#if !defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64) \
1879	&& ( (RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN) \
1880	\|\| RT_INLINE_DONT_MIX_CMPXCHG8B_AND_PIC)
1881	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(uint64_t) ASMAtomicUoReadU64(volatile uint64_t RT_FAR *pu64) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
1882	#else
1883	DECLINLINE(uint64_t) ASMAtomicUoReadU64(volatile uint64_t RT_FAR *pu64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
1884	{
1885	uint64_t u64;
1886	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
1887	Assert(!((uintptr_t)pu64 & 7));
1888	/*# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
1889	Assert(!((uintptr_t)pu64 & 7));
1890	__asm__ __volatile__("movq %1, %0\n\t"
1891	: "=r" (u64)
1892	: "m" (*pu64));
1893	# else
1894	__asm
1895	{
1896	mov rdx, [pu64]
1897	mov rax, [rdx]
1898	mov [u64], rax
1899	}
1900	# endif */
1901	u64 = *pu64;
1902	# else /* !RT_ARCH_AMD64 */
1903	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
1904	# if defined(PIC) \|\| defined(__PIC__)
1905	uint32_t u32EBX = 0;
1906	uint32_t u32Spill;
1907	Assert(!((uintptr_t)pu64 & 7));
1908	__asm__ __volatile__("xor %%eax,%%eax\n\t"
1909	"xor %%ecx,%%ecx\n\t"
1910	"xor %%edx,%%edx\n\t"
1911	"xchgl %%ebx, %3\n\t"
1912	"lock; cmpxchg8b (%4)\n\t"
1913	"movl %3, %%ebx\n\t"
1914	: "=A" (u64),
1915	# if RT_GNUC_PREREQ(4, 3)
1916	"+m" (*pu64),
1917	# else
1918	"=m" (*pu64),
1919	# endif
1920	"=c" (u32Spill)
1921	: "m" (u32EBX),
1922	"S" (pu64));
1923	# else /* !PIC */
1924	__asm__ __volatile__("lock; cmpxchg8b %1\n\t"
1925	: "=A" (u64),
1926	"+m" (*pu64)
1927	: "0" (0ULL),
1928	"b" (0),
1929	"c" (0));
1930	# endif
1931	# else
1932	Assert(!((uintptr_t)pu64 & 7));
1933	__asm
1934	{
1935	xor eax, eax
1936	xor edx, edx
1937	mov edi, pu64
1938	xor ecx, ecx
1939	xor ebx, ebx
1940	lock cmpxchg8b [edi]
1941	mov dword ptr [u64], eax
1942	mov dword ptr [u64 + 4], edx
1943	}
1944	# endif
1945	# endif /* !RT_ARCH_AMD64 */
1946	return u64;
1947	}
1948	#endif
1949
1950
1951	/**
1952	* Atomically reads a signed 64-bit value, ordered.
1953	*
1954	* @returns Current *pi64 value
1955	* @param pi64 Pointer to the 64-bit variable to read.
1956	* The memory pointed to must be writable.
1957	*
1958	* @remarks This may fault if the memory is read-only!
1959	* @remarks x86: Requires a Pentium or later.
1960	*/
1961	DECLINLINE(int64_t) ASMAtomicReadS64(volatile int64_t RT_FAR *pi64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
1962	{
1963	return (int64_t)ASMAtomicReadU64((volatile uint64_t RT_FAR *)pi64);
1964	}
1965
1966
1967	/**
1968	* Atomically reads a signed 64-bit value, unordered.
1969	*
1970	* @returns Current *pi64 value
1971	* @param pi64 Pointer to the 64-bit variable to read.
1972	* The memory pointed to must be writable.
1973	*
1974	* @remarks This will fault if the memory is read-only!
1975	* @remarks x86: Requires a Pentium or later.
1976	*/
1977	DECLINLINE(int64_t) ASMAtomicUoReadS64(volatile int64_t RT_FAR *pi64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
1978	{
1979	return (int64_t)ASMAtomicUoReadU64((volatile uint64_t RT_FAR *)pi64);
1980	}
1981
1982
1983	/**
1984	* Atomically reads a size_t value, ordered.
1985	*
1986	* @returns Current *pcb value
1987	* @param pcb Pointer to the size_t variable to read.
1988	*/
1989	DECLINLINE(size_t) ASMAtomicReadZ(size_t volatile RT_FAR *pcb) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
1990	{
1991	#if ARCH_BITS == 64
1992	return ASMAtomicReadU64((uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *)pcb);
1993	#elif ARCH_BITS == 32
1994	return ASMAtomicReadU32((uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *)pcb);
1995	#elif ARCH_BITS == 16
1996	AssertCompileSize(size_t, 2);
1997	return ASMAtomicReadU16((uint16_t volatile RT_FAR *)pcb);
1998	#else
1999	# error "Unsupported ARCH_BITS value"
2000	#endif
2001	}
2002
2003
2004	/**
2005	* Atomically reads a size_t value, unordered.
2006	*
2007	* @returns Current *pcb value
2008	* @param pcb Pointer to the size_t variable to read.
2009	*/
2010	DECLINLINE(size_t) ASMAtomicUoReadZ(size_t volatile RT_FAR *pcb) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2011	{
2012	#if ARCH_BITS == 64 \|\| ARCH_BITS == 16
2013	return ASMAtomicUoReadU64((uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *)pcb);
2014	#elif ARCH_BITS == 32
2015	return ASMAtomicUoReadU32((uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *)pcb);
2016	#elif ARCH_BITS == 16
2017	AssertCompileSize(size_t, 2);
2018	return ASMAtomicUoReadU16((uint16_t volatile RT_FAR *)pcb);
2019	#else
2020	# error "Unsupported ARCH_BITS value"
2021	#endif
2022	}
2023
2024
2025	/**
2026	* Atomically reads a pointer value, ordered.
2027	*
2028	* @returns Current *pv value
2029	* @param ppv Pointer to the pointer variable to read.
2030	*
2031	* @remarks Please use ASMAtomicReadPtrT, it provides better type safety and
2032	* requires less typing (no casts).
2033	*/
2034	DECLINLINE(void RT_FAR ) ASMAtomicReadPtr(void RT_FAR volatile RT_FAR *ppv) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2035	{
2036	#if ARCH_BITS == 32 \|\| ARCH_BITS == 16
2037	return (void RT_FAR )ASMAtomicReadU32((volatile uint32_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR *)ppv);
2038	#elif ARCH_BITS == 64
2039	return (void RT_FAR )ASMAtomicReadU64((volatile uint64_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR *)ppv);
2040	#else
2041	# error "ARCH_BITS is bogus"
2042	#endif
2043	}
2044
2045	/**
2046	* Convenience macro for avoiding the annoying casting with ASMAtomicReadPtr.
2047	*
2048	* @returns Current *pv value
2049	* @param ppv Pointer to the pointer variable to read.
2050	* @param Type The type of *ppv, sans volatile.
2051	*/
2052	#ifdef __GNUC__ /* 8.2.0 requires -Wno-ignored-qualifiers */
2053	# define ASMAtomicReadPtrT(ppv, Type) \
2054	__extension__ \
2055	({\
2056	__typeof__((ppv)) volatile ppvTypeChecked = (ppv); \
2057	Type pvTypeChecked = (__typeof__((ppv))) ASMAtomicReadPtr((void volatile *)ppvTypeChecked); \
2058	pvTypeChecked; \
2059	})
2060	#else
2061	# define ASMAtomicReadPtrT(ppv, Type) \
2062	(Type)ASMAtomicReadPtr((void RT_FAR * volatile RT_FAR *)(ppv))
2063	#endif
2064
2065
2066	/**
2067	* Atomically reads a pointer value, unordered.
2068	*
2069	* @returns Current *pv value
2070	* @param ppv Pointer to the pointer variable to read.
2071	*
2072	* @remarks Please use ASMAtomicUoReadPtrT, it provides better type safety and
2073	* requires less typing (no casts).
2074	*/
2075	DECLINLINE(void RT_FAR ) ASMAtomicUoReadPtr(void RT_FAR volatile RT_FAR *ppv) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2076	{
2077	#if ARCH_BITS == 32 \|\| ARCH_BITS == 16
2078	return (void RT_FAR )ASMAtomicUoReadU32((volatile uint32_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR *)ppv);
2079	#elif ARCH_BITS == 64
2080	return (void RT_FAR )ASMAtomicUoReadU64((volatile uint64_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR *)ppv);
2081	#else
2082	# error "ARCH_BITS is bogus"
2083	#endif
2084	}
2085
2086
2087	/**
2088	* Convenience macro for avoiding the annoying casting with ASMAtomicUoReadPtr.
2089	*
2090	* @returns Current *pv value
2091	* @param ppv Pointer to the pointer variable to read.
2092	* @param Type The type of *ppv, sans volatile.
2093	*/
2094	#ifdef __GNUC__ /* 8.2.0 requires -Wno-ignored-qualifiers */
2095	# define ASMAtomicUoReadPtrT(ppv, Type) \
2096	__extension__ \
2097	({\
2098	__typeof__((ppv)) volatile const ppvTypeChecked = (ppv); \
2099	Type pvTypeChecked = (__typeof__((ppv))) ASMAtomicUoReadPtr((void volatile *)ppvTypeChecked); \
2100	pvTypeChecked; \
2101	})
2102	#else
2103	# define ASMAtomicUoReadPtrT(ppv, Type) \
2104	(Type)ASMAtomicUoReadPtr((void RT_FAR * volatile RT_FAR *)(ppv))
2105	#endif
2106
2107
2108	/**
2109	* Atomically reads a boolean value, ordered.
2110	*
2111	* @returns Current *pf value
2112	* @param pf Pointer to the boolean variable to read.
2113	*/
2114	DECLINLINE(bool) ASMAtomicReadBool(volatile bool RT_FAR *pf) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2115	{
2116	ASMMemoryFence();
2117	return pf; / byte reads are atomic on x86 */
2118	}
2119
2120
2121	/**
2122	* Atomically reads a boolean value, unordered.
2123	*
2124	* @returns Current *pf value
2125	* @param pf Pointer to the boolean variable to read.
2126	*/
2127	DECLINLINE(bool) ASMAtomicUoReadBool(volatile bool RT_FAR *pf) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2128	{
2129	return pf; / byte reads are atomic on x86 */
2130	}
2131
2132
2133	/**
2134	* Atomically read a typical IPRT handle value, ordered.
2135	*
2136	* @param ph Pointer to the handle variable to read.
2137	* @param phRes Where to store the result.
2138	*
2139	* @remarks This doesn't currently work for all handles (like RTFILE).
2140	*/
2141	#if HC_ARCH_BITS == 32 \|\| ARCH_BITS == 16
2142	# define ASMAtomicReadHandle(ph, phRes) \
2143	do { \
2144	AssertCompile(sizeof(*(ph)) == sizeof(uint32_t)); \
2145	AssertCompile(sizeof(*(phRes)) == sizeof(uint32_t)); \
2146	(uint32_t RT_FAR )(phRes) = ASMAtomicReadU32((uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *)(ph)); \
2147	} while (0)
2148	#elif HC_ARCH_BITS == 64
2149	# define ASMAtomicReadHandle(ph, phRes) \
2150	do { \
2151	AssertCompile(sizeof(*(ph)) == sizeof(uint64_t)); \
2152	AssertCompile(sizeof(*(phRes)) == sizeof(uint64_t)); \
2153	(uint64_t RT_FAR )(phRes) = ASMAtomicReadU64((uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *)(ph)); \
2154	} while (0)
2155	#else
2156	# error HC_ARCH_BITS
2157	#endif
2158
2159
2160	/**
2161	* Atomically read a typical IPRT handle value, unordered.
2162	*
2163	* @param ph Pointer to the handle variable to read.
2164	* @param phRes Where to store the result.
2165	*
2166	* @remarks This doesn't currently work for all handles (like RTFILE).
2167	*/
2168	#if HC_ARCH_BITS == 32 \|\| ARCH_BITS == 16
2169	# define ASMAtomicUoReadHandle(ph, phRes) \
2170	do { \
2171	AssertCompile(sizeof(*(ph)) == sizeof(uint32_t)); \
2172	AssertCompile(sizeof(*(phRes)) == sizeof(uint32_t)); \
2173	(uint32_t RT_FAR )(phRes) = ASMAtomicUoReadU32((uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *)(ph)); \
2174	} while (0)
2175	#elif HC_ARCH_BITS == 64
2176	# define ASMAtomicUoReadHandle(ph, phRes) \
2177	do { \
2178	AssertCompile(sizeof(*(ph)) == sizeof(uint64_t)); \
2179	AssertCompile(sizeof(*(phRes)) == sizeof(uint64_t)); \
2180	(uint64_t RT_FAR )(phRes) = ASMAtomicUoReadU64((uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *)(ph)); \
2181	} while (0)
2182	#else
2183	# error HC_ARCH_BITS
2184	#endif
2185
2186
2187	/**
2188	* Atomically read a value which size might differ
2189	* between platforms or compilers, ordered.
2190	*
2191	* @param pu Pointer to the variable to read.
2192	* @param puRes Where to store the result.
2193	*/
2194	#define ASMAtomicReadSize(pu, puRes) \
2195	do { \
2196	switch (sizeof(*(pu))) { \
2197	case 1: (uint8_t RT_FAR )(puRes) = ASMAtomicReadU8( (volatile uint8_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu)); break; \
2198	case 2: (uint16_t RT_FAR )(puRes) = ASMAtomicReadU16((volatile uint16_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu)); break; \
2199	case 4: (uint32_t RT_FAR )(puRes) = ASMAtomicReadU32((volatile uint32_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu)); break; \
2200	case 8: (uint64_t RT_FAR )(puRes) = ASMAtomicReadU64((volatile uint64_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu)); break; \
2201	default: AssertMsgFailed(("ASMAtomicReadSize: size %d is not supported\n", sizeof(*(pu)))); \
2202	} \
2203	} while (0)
2204
2205
2206	/**
2207	* Atomically read a value which size might differ
2208	* between platforms or compilers, unordered.
2209	*
2210	* @param pu Pointer to the variable to read.
2211	* @param puRes Where to store the result.
2212	*/
2213	#define ASMAtomicUoReadSize(pu, puRes) \
2214	do { \
2215	switch (sizeof(*(pu))) { \
2216	case 1: (uint8_t RT_FAR )(puRes) = ASMAtomicUoReadU8( (volatile uint8_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu)); break; \
2217	case 2: (uint16_t RT_FAR )(puRes) = ASMAtomicUoReadU16((volatile uint16_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu)); break; \
2218	case 4: (uint32_t RT_FAR )(puRes) = ASMAtomicUoReadU32((volatile uint32_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu)); break; \
2219	case 8: (uint64_t RT_FAR )(puRes) = ASMAtomicUoReadU64((volatile uint64_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu)); break; \
2220	default: AssertMsgFailed(("ASMAtomicReadSize: size %d is not supported\n", sizeof(*(pu)))); \
2221	} \
2222	} while (0)
2223
2224
2225	/**
2226	* Atomically writes an unsigned 8-bit value, ordered.
2227	*
2228	* @param pu8 Pointer to the 8-bit variable.
2229	* @param u8 The 8-bit value to assign to *pu8.
2230	*/
2231	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicWriteU8(volatile uint8_t RT_FAR *pu8, uint8_t u8) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2232	{
2233	ASMAtomicXchgU8(pu8, u8);
2234	}
2235
2236
2237	/**
2238	* Atomically writes an unsigned 8-bit value, unordered.
2239	*
2240	* @param pu8 Pointer to the 8-bit variable.
2241	* @param u8 The 8-bit value to assign to *pu8.
2242	*/
2243	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicUoWriteU8(volatile uint8_t RT_FAR *pu8, uint8_t u8) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2244	{
2245	pu8 = u8; / byte writes are atomic on x86 */
2246	}
2247
2248
2249	/**
2250	* Atomically writes a signed 8-bit value, ordered.
2251	*
2252	* @param pi8 Pointer to the 8-bit variable to read.
2253	* @param i8 The 8-bit value to assign to *pi8.
2254	*/
2255	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicWriteS8(volatile int8_t RT_FAR *pi8, int8_t i8) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2256	{
2257	ASMAtomicXchgS8(pi8, i8);
2258	}
2259
2260
2261	/**
2262	* Atomically writes a signed 8-bit value, unordered.
2263	*
2264	* @param pi8 Pointer to the 8-bit variable to write.
2265	* @param i8 The 8-bit value to assign to *pi8.
2266	*/
2267	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicUoWriteS8(volatile int8_t RT_FAR *pi8, int8_t i8) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2268	{
2269	pi8 = i8; / byte writes are atomic on x86 */
2270	}
2271
2272
2273	/**
2274	* Atomically writes an unsigned 16-bit value, ordered.
2275	*
2276	* @param pu16 Pointer to the 16-bit variable to write.
2277	* @param u16 The 16-bit value to assign to *pu16.
2278	*/
2279	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicWriteU16(volatile uint16_t RT_FAR *pu16, uint16_t u16) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2280	{
2281	ASMAtomicXchgU16(pu16, u16);
2282	}
2283
2284
2285	/**
2286	* Atomically writes an unsigned 16-bit value, unordered.
2287	*
2288	* @param pu16 Pointer to the 16-bit variable to write.
2289	* @param u16 The 16-bit value to assign to *pu16.
2290	*/
2291	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicUoWriteU16(volatile uint16_t RT_FAR *pu16, uint16_t u16) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2292	{
2293	Assert(!((uintptr_t)pu16 & 1));
2294	*pu16 = u16;
2295	}
2296
2297
2298	/**
2299	* Atomically writes a signed 16-bit value, ordered.
2300	*
2301	* @param pi16 Pointer to the 16-bit variable to write.
2302	* @param i16 The 16-bit value to assign to *pi16.
2303	*/
2304	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicWriteS16(volatile int16_t RT_FAR *pi16, int16_t i16) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2305	{
2306	ASMAtomicXchgS16(pi16, i16);
2307	}
2308
2309
2310	/**
2311	* Atomically writes a signed 16-bit value, unordered.
2312	*
2313	* @param pi16 Pointer to the 16-bit variable to write.
2314	* @param i16 The 16-bit value to assign to *pi16.
2315	*/
2316	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicUoWriteS16(volatile int16_t RT_FAR *pi16, int16_t i16) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2317	{
2318	Assert(!((uintptr_t)pi16 & 1));
2319	*pi16 = i16;
2320	}
2321
2322
2323	/**
2324	* Atomically writes an unsigned 32-bit value, ordered.
2325	*
2326	* @param pu32 Pointer to the 32-bit variable to write.
2327	* @param u32 The 32-bit value to assign to *pu32.
2328	*/
2329	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicWriteU32(volatile uint32_t RT_FAR *pu32, uint32_t u32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2330	{
2331	ASMAtomicXchgU32(pu32, u32);
2332	}
2333
2334
2335	/**
2336	* Atomically writes an unsigned 32-bit value, unordered.
2337	*
2338	* @param pu32 Pointer to the 32-bit variable to write.
2339	* @param u32 The 32-bit value to assign to *pu32.
2340	*/
2341	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicUoWriteU32(volatile uint32_t RT_FAR *pu32, uint32_t u32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2342	{
2343	Assert(!((uintptr_t)pu32 & 3));
2344	#if ARCH_BITS >= 32
2345	*pu32 = u32;
2346	#else
2347	ASMAtomicXchgU32(pu32, u32);
2348	#endif
2349	}
2350
2351
2352	/**
2353	* Atomically writes a signed 32-bit value, ordered.
2354	*
2355	* @param pi32 Pointer to the 32-bit variable to write.
2356	* @param i32 The 32-bit value to assign to *pi32.
2357	*/
2358	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicWriteS32(volatile int32_t RT_FAR *pi32, int32_t i32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2359	{
2360	ASMAtomicXchgS32(pi32, i32);
2361	}
2362
2363
2364	/**
2365	* Atomically writes a signed 32-bit value, unordered.
2366	*
2367	* @param pi32 Pointer to the 32-bit variable to write.
2368	* @param i32 The 32-bit value to assign to *pi32.
2369	*/
2370	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicUoWriteS32(volatile int32_t RT_FAR *pi32, int32_t i32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2371	{
2372	Assert(!((uintptr_t)pi32 & 3));
2373	#if ARCH_BITS >= 32
2374	*pi32 = i32;
2375	#else
2376	ASMAtomicXchgS32(pi32, i32);
2377	#endif
2378	}
2379
2380
2381	/**
2382	* Atomically writes an unsigned 64-bit value, ordered.
2383	*
2384	* @param pu64 Pointer to the 64-bit variable to write.
2385	* @param u64 The 64-bit value to assign to *pu64.
2386	*/
2387	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicWriteU64(volatile uint64_t RT_FAR *pu64, uint64_t u64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2388	{
2389	ASMAtomicXchgU64(pu64, u64);
2390	}
2391
2392
2393	/**
2394	* Atomically writes an unsigned 64-bit value, unordered.
2395	*
2396	* @param pu64 Pointer to the 64-bit variable to write.
2397	* @param u64 The 64-bit value to assign to *pu64.
2398	*/
2399	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicUoWriteU64(volatile uint64_t RT_FAR *pu64, uint64_t u64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2400	{
2401	Assert(!((uintptr_t)pu64 & 7));
2402	#if ARCH_BITS == 64
2403	*pu64 = u64;
2404	#else
2405	ASMAtomicXchgU64(pu64, u64);
2406	#endif
2407	}
2408
2409
2410	/**
2411	* Atomically writes a signed 64-bit value, ordered.
2412	*
2413	* @param pi64 Pointer to the 64-bit variable to write.
2414	* @param i64 The 64-bit value to assign to *pi64.
2415	*/
2416	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicWriteS64(volatile int64_t RT_FAR *pi64, int64_t i64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2417	{
2418	ASMAtomicXchgS64(pi64, i64);
2419	}
2420
2421
2422	/**
2423	* Atomically writes a signed 64-bit value, unordered.
2424	*
2425	* @param pi64 Pointer to the 64-bit variable to write.
2426	* @param i64 The 64-bit value to assign to *pi64.
2427	*/
2428	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicUoWriteS64(volatile int64_t RT_FAR *pi64, int64_t i64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2429	{
2430	Assert(!((uintptr_t)pi64 & 7));
2431	#if ARCH_BITS == 64
2432	*pi64 = i64;
2433	#else
2434	ASMAtomicXchgS64(pi64, i64);
2435	#endif
2436	}
2437
2438
2439	/**
2440	* Atomically writes a size_t value, ordered.
2441	*
2442	* @returns nothing.
2443	* @param pcb Pointer to the size_t variable to write.
2444	* @param cb The value to assign to *pcb.
2445	*/
2446	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicWriteZ(volatile size_t RT_FAR *pcb, size_t cb) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2447	{
2448	#if ARCH_BITS == 64
2449	ASMAtomicWriteU64((uint64_t volatile *)pcb, cb);
2450	#elif ARCH_BITS == 32
2451	ASMAtomicWriteU32((uint32_t volatile *)pcb, cb);
2452	#elif ARCH_BITS == 16
2453	AssertCompileSize(size_t, 2);
2454	ASMAtomicWriteU16((uint16_t volatile *)pcb, cb);
2455	#else
2456	# error "Unsupported ARCH_BITS value"
2457	#endif
2458	}
2459
2460
2461	/**
2462	* Atomically writes a boolean value, unordered.
2463	*
2464	* @param pf Pointer to the boolean variable to write.
2465	* @param f The boolean value to assign to *pf.
2466	*/
2467	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicWriteBool(volatile bool RT_FAR *pf, bool f) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2468	{
2469	ASMAtomicWriteU8((uint8_t volatile RT_FAR *)pf, f);
2470	}
2471
2472
2473	/**
2474	* Atomically writes a boolean value, unordered.
2475	*
2476	* @param pf Pointer to the boolean variable to write.
2477	* @param f The boolean value to assign to *pf.
2478	*/
2479	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicUoWriteBool(volatile bool RT_FAR *pf, bool f) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2480	{
2481	pf = f; / byte writes are atomic on x86 */
2482	}
2483
2484
2485	/**
2486	* Atomically writes a pointer value, ordered.
2487	*
2488	* @param ppv Pointer to the pointer variable to write.
2489	* @param pv The pointer value to assign to *ppv.
2490	*/
2491	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicWritePtrVoid(void RT_FAR * volatile RT_FAR ppv, const void pv) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2492	{
2493	#if ARCH_BITS == 32 \|\| ARCH_BITS == 16
2494	ASMAtomicWriteU32((volatile uint32_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )ppv, (uint32_t)pv);
2495	#elif ARCH_BITS == 64
2496	ASMAtomicWriteU64((volatile uint64_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )ppv, (uint64_t)pv);
2497	#else
2498	# error "ARCH_BITS is bogus"
2499	#endif
2500	}
2501
2502
2503	/**
2504	* Atomically writes a pointer value, ordered.
2505	*
2506	* @param ppv Pointer to the pointer variable to write.
2507	* @param pv The pointer value to assign to *ppv. If NULL use
2508	* ASMAtomicWriteNullPtr or you'll land in trouble.
2509	*
2510	* @remarks This is relatively type safe on GCC platforms when @a pv isn't
2511	* NULL.
2512	*/
2513	#ifdef __GNUC__
2514	# define ASMAtomicWritePtr(ppv, pv) \
2515	do \
2516	{ \
2517	__typeof__((ppv)) volatile RT_FAR const ppvTypeChecked = (ppv); \
2518	__typeof__(*(ppv)) const pvTypeChecked = (pv); \
2519	\
2520	AssertCompile(sizeof(ppv) == sizeof(void RT_FAR )); \
2521	AssertCompile(sizeof(pv) == sizeof(void RT_FAR *)); \
2522	Assert(!( (uintptr_t)ppv & ((ARCH_BITS / 8) - 1) )); \
2523	\
2524	ASMAtomicWritePtrVoid((void RT_FAR * volatile RT_FAR )(ppvTypeChecked), (void RT_FAR )(pvTypeChecked)); \
2525	} while (0)
2526	#else
2527	# define ASMAtomicWritePtr(ppv, pv) \
2528	do \
2529	{ \
2530	AssertCompile(sizeof(ppv) == sizeof(void RT_FAR )); \
2531	AssertCompile(sizeof(pv) == sizeof(void RT_FAR *)); \
2532	Assert(!( (uintptr_t)ppv & ((ARCH_BITS / 8) - 1) )); \
2533	\
2534	ASMAtomicWritePtrVoid((void RT_FAR * volatile RT_FAR )(ppv), (void RT_FAR )(pv)); \
2535	} while (0)
2536	#endif
2537
2538
2539	/**
2540	* Atomically sets a pointer to NULL, ordered.
2541	*
2542	* @param ppv Pointer to the pointer variable that should be set to NULL.
2543	*
2544	* @remarks This is relatively type safe on GCC platforms.
2545	*/
2546	#if RT_GNUC_PREREQ(4, 2)
2547	# define ASMAtomicWriteNullPtr(ppv) \
2548	do \
2549	{ \
2550	__typeof__((ppv)) const ppvTypeChecked = (ppv); \
2551	AssertCompile(sizeof(ppv) == sizeof(void RT_FAR )); \
2552	Assert(!( (uintptr_t)ppv & ((ARCH_BITS / 8) - 1) )); \
2553	ASMAtomicWritePtrVoid((void RT_FAR * volatile RT_FAR *)(ppvTypeChecked), NULL); \
2554	} while (0)
2555	#else
2556	# define ASMAtomicWriteNullPtr(ppv) \
2557	do \
2558	{ \
2559	AssertCompile(sizeof(ppv) == sizeof(void RT_FAR )); \
2560	Assert(!( (uintptr_t)ppv & ((ARCH_BITS / 8) - 1) )); \
2561	ASMAtomicWritePtrVoid((void RT_FAR * volatile RT_FAR *)(ppv), NULL); \
2562	} while (0)
2563	#endif
2564
2565
2566	/**
2567	* Atomically writes a pointer value, unordered.
2568	*
2569	* @returns Current *pv value
2570	* @param ppv Pointer to the pointer variable.
2571	* @param pv The pointer value to assign to *ppv. If NULL use
2572	* ASMAtomicUoWriteNullPtr or you'll land in trouble.
2573	*
2574	* @remarks This is relatively type safe on GCC platforms when @a pv isn't
2575	* NULL.
2576	*/
2577	#if RT_GNUC_PREREQ(4, 2)
2578	# define ASMAtomicUoWritePtr(ppv, pv) \
2579	do \
2580	{ \
2581	__typeof__((ppv)) volatile const ppvTypeChecked = (ppv); \
2582	__typeof__(*(ppv)) const pvTypeChecked = (pv); \
2583	\
2584	AssertCompile(sizeof(ppv) == sizeof(void )); \
2585	AssertCompile(sizeof(pv) == sizeof(void *)); \
2586	Assert(!( (uintptr_t)ppv & ((ARCH_BITS / 8) - 1) )); \
2587	\
2588	*(ppvTypeChecked) = pvTypeChecked; \
2589	} while (0)
2590	#else
2591	# define ASMAtomicUoWritePtr(ppv, pv) \
2592	do \
2593	{ \
2594	AssertCompile(sizeof(ppv) == sizeof(void RT_FAR )); \
2595	AssertCompile(sizeof(pv) == sizeof(void RT_FAR *)); \
2596	Assert(!( (uintptr_t)ppv & ((ARCH_BITS / 8) - 1) )); \
2597	*(ppv) = pv; \
2598	} while (0)
2599	#endif
2600
2601
2602	/**
2603	* Atomically sets a pointer to NULL, unordered.
2604	*
2605	* @param ppv Pointer to the pointer variable that should be set to NULL.
2606	*
2607	* @remarks This is relatively type safe on GCC platforms.
2608	*/
2609	#ifdef __GNUC__
2610	# define ASMAtomicUoWriteNullPtr(ppv) \
2611	do \
2612	{ \
2613	__typeof__((ppv)) volatile const ppvTypeChecked = (ppv); \
2614	AssertCompile(sizeof(ppv) == sizeof(void )); \
2615	Assert(!( (uintptr_t)ppv & ((ARCH_BITS / 8) - 1) )); \
2616	*(ppvTypeChecked) = NULL; \
2617	} while (0)
2618	#else
2619	# define ASMAtomicUoWriteNullPtr(ppv) \
2620	do \
2621	{ \
2622	AssertCompile(sizeof(ppv) == sizeof(void RT_FAR )); \
2623	Assert(!( (uintptr_t)ppv & ((ARCH_BITS / 8) - 1) )); \
2624	*(ppv) = NULL; \
2625	} while (0)
2626	#endif
2627
2628
2629	/**
2630	* Atomically write a typical IPRT handle value, ordered.
2631	*
2632	* @param ph Pointer to the variable to update.
2633	* @param hNew The value to assign to *ph.
2634	*
2635	* @remarks This doesn't currently work for all handles (like RTFILE).
2636	*/
2637	#if HC_ARCH_BITS == 32 \|\| ARCH_BITS == 16
2638	# define ASMAtomicWriteHandle(ph, hNew) \
2639	do { \
2640	AssertCompile(sizeof(*(ph)) == sizeof(uint32_t)); \
2641	ASMAtomicWriteU32((uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *)(ph), (const uint32_t)(hNew)); \
2642	} while (0)
2643	#elif HC_ARCH_BITS == 64
2644	# define ASMAtomicWriteHandle(ph, hNew) \
2645	do { \
2646	AssertCompile(sizeof(*(ph)) == sizeof(uint64_t)); \
2647	ASMAtomicWriteU64((uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *)(ph), (const uint64_t)(hNew)); \
2648	} while (0)
2649	#else
2650	# error HC_ARCH_BITS
2651	#endif
2652
2653
2654	/**
2655	* Atomically write a typical IPRT handle value, unordered.
2656	*
2657	* @param ph Pointer to the variable to update.
2658	* @param hNew The value to assign to *ph.
2659	*
2660	* @remarks This doesn't currently work for all handles (like RTFILE).
2661	*/
2662	#if HC_ARCH_BITS == 32 \|\| ARCH_BITS == 16
2663	# define ASMAtomicUoWriteHandle(ph, hNew) \
2664	do { \
2665	AssertCompile(sizeof(*(ph)) == sizeof(uint32_t)); \
2666	ASMAtomicUoWriteU32((uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *)(ph), (const uint32_t)hNew); \
2667	} while (0)
2668	#elif HC_ARCH_BITS == 64
2669	# define ASMAtomicUoWriteHandle(ph, hNew) \
2670	do { \
2671	AssertCompile(sizeof(*(ph)) == sizeof(uint64_t)); \
2672	ASMAtomicUoWriteU64((uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *)(ph), (const uint64_t)hNew); \
2673	} while (0)
2674	#else
2675	# error HC_ARCH_BITS
2676	#endif
2677
2678
2679	/**
2680	* Atomically write a value which size might differ
2681	* between platforms or compilers, ordered.
2682	*
2683	* @param pu Pointer to the variable to update.
2684	* @param uNew The value to assign to *pu.
2685	*/
2686	#define ASMAtomicWriteSize(pu, uNew) \
2687	do { \
2688	switch (sizeof(*(pu))) { \
2689	case 1: ASMAtomicWriteU8( (volatile uint8_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu), (uint8_t )(uNew)); break; \
2690	case 2: ASMAtomicWriteU16((volatile uint16_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu), (uint16_t)(uNew)); break; \
2691	case 4: ASMAtomicWriteU32((volatile uint32_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu), (uint32_t)(uNew)); break; \
2692	case 8: ASMAtomicWriteU64((volatile uint64_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu), (uint64_t)(uNew)); break; \
2693	default: AssertMsgFailed(("ASMAtomicWriteSize: size %d is not supported\n", sizeof(*(pu)))); \
2694	} \
2695	} while (0)
2696
2697	/**
2698	* Atomically write a value which size might differ
2699	* between platforms or compilers, unordered.
2700	*
2701	* @param pu Pointer to the variable to update.
2702	* @param uNew The value to assign to *pu.
2703	*/
2704	#define ASMAtomicUoWriteSize(pu, uNew) \
2705	do { \
2706	switch (sizeof(*(pu))) { \
2707	case 1: ASMAtomicUoWriteU8( (volatile uint8_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu), (uint8_t )(uNew)); break; \
2708	case 2: ASMAtomicUoWriteU16((volatile uint16_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu), (uint16_t)(uNew)); break; \
2709	case 4: ASMAtomicUoWriteU32((volatile uint32_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu), (uint32_t)(uNew)); break; \
2710	case 8: ASMAtomicUoWriteU64((volatile uint64_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu), (uint64_t)(uNew)); break; \
2711	default: AssertMsgFailed(("ASMAtomicWriteSize: size %d is not supported\n", sizeof(*(pu)))); \
2712	} \
2713	} while (0)
2714
2715
2716
2717	/**
2718	* Atomically exchanges and adds to a 16-bit value, ordered.
2719	*
2720	* @returns The old value.
2721	* @param pu16 Pointer to the value.
2722	* @param u16 Number to add.
2723	*
2724	* @remarks Currently not implemented, just to make 16-bit code happy.
2725	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
2726	*/
2727	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(uint16_t) ASMAtomicAddU16(uint16_t volatile RT_FAR *pu16, uint32_t u16) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
2728
2729
2730	/**
2731	* Atomically exchanges and adds to a 32-bit value, ordered.
2732	*
2733	* @returns The old value.
2734	* @param pu32 Pointer to the value.
2735	* @param u32 Number to add.
2736	*
2737	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
2738	*/
2739	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
2740	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(uint32_t) ASMAtomicAddU32(uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *pu32, uint32_t u32) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
2741	#else
2742	DECLINLINE(uint32_t) ASMAtomicAddU32(uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *pu32, uint32_t u32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2743	{
2744	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
2745	u32 = _InterlockedExchangeAdd((long RT_FAR *)pu32, u32);
2746	return u32;
2747
2748	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
2749	__asm__ __volatile__("lock; xaddl %0, %1\n\t"
2750	: "=r" (u32),
2751	"=m" (*pu32)
2752	: "0" (u32),
2753	"m" (*pu32)
2754	: "memory");
2755	return u32;
2756	# else
2757	__asm
2758	{
2759	mov eax, [u32]
2760	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
2761	mov rdx, [pu32]
2762	lock xadd [rdx], eax
2763	# else
2764	mov edx, [pu32]
2765	lock xadd [edx], eax
2766	# endif
2767	mov [u32], eax
2768	}
2769	return u32;
2770	# endif
2771	}
2772	#endif
2773
2774
2775	/**
2776	* Atomically exchanges and adds to a signed 32-bit value, ordered.
2777	*
2778	* @returns The old value.
2779	* @param pi32 Pointer to the value.
2780	* @param i32 Number to add.
2781	*
2782	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
2783	*/
2784	DECLINLINE(int32_t) ASMAtomicAddS32(int32_t volatile RT_FAR *pi32, int32_t i32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2785	{
2786	return (int32_t)ASMAtomicAddU32((uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *)pi32, (uint32_t)i32);
2787	}
2788
2789
2790	/**
2791	* Atomically exchanges and adds to a 64-bit value, ordered.
2792	*
2793	* @returns The old value.
2794	* @param pu64 Pointer to the value.
2795	* @param u64 Number to add.
2796	*
2797	* @remarks x86: Requires a Pentium or later.
2798	*/
2799	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
2800	DECLASM(uint64_t) ASMAtomicAddU64(uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *pu64, uint64_t u64) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
2801	#else
2802	DECLINLINE(uint64_t) ASMAtomicAddU64(uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *pu64, uint64_t u64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2803	{
2804	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN && defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64)
2805	u64 = _InterlockedExchangeAdd64((__int64 RT_FAR *)pu64, u64);
2806	return u64;
2807
2808	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE && defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64)
2809	__asm__ __volatile__("lock; xaddq %0, %1\n\t"
2810	: "=r" (u64),
2811	"=m" (*pu64)
2812	: "0" (u64),
2813	"m" (*pu64)
2814	: "memory");
2815	return u64;
2816	# else
2817	uint64_t u64Old;
2818	for (;;)
2819	{
2820	uint64_t u64New;
2821	u64Old = ASMAtomicUoReadU64(pu64);
2822	u64New = u64Old + u64;
2823	if (ASMAtomicCmpXchgU64(pu64, u64New, u64Old))
2824	break;
2825	ASMNopPause();
2826	}
2827	return u64Old;
2828	# endif
2829	}
2830	#endif
2831
2832
2833	/**
2834	* Atomically exchanges and adds to a signed 64-bit value, ordered.
2835	*
2836	* @returns The old value.
2837	* @param pi64 Pointer to the value.
2838	* @param i64 Number to add.
2839	*
2840	* @remarks x86: Requires a Pentium or later.
2841	*/
2842	DECLINLINE(int64_t) ASMAtomicAddS64(int64_t volatile RT_FAR *pi64, int64_t i64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2843	{
2844	return (int64_t)ASMAtomicAddU64((uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *)pi64, (uint64_t)i64);
2845	}
2846
2847
2848	/**
2849	* Atomically exchanges and adds to a size_t value, ordered.
2850	*
2851	* @returns The old value.
2852	* @param pcb Pointer to the size_t value.
2853	* @param cb Number to add.
2854	*/
2855	DECLINLINE(size_t) ASMAtomicAddZ(size_t volatile RT_FAR *pcb, size_t cb) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2856	{
2857	#if ARCH_BITS == 64
2858	AssertCompileSize(size_t, 8);
2859	return ASMAtomicAddU64((uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *)pcb, cb);
2860	#elif ARCH_BITS == 32
2861	AssertCompileSize(size_t, 4);
2862	return ASMAtomicAddU32((uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *)pcb, cb);
2863	#elif ARCH_BITS == 16
2864	AssertCompileSize(size_t, 2);
2865	return ASMAtomicAddU16((uint16_t volatile RT_FAR *)pcb, cb);
2866	#else
2867	# error "Unsupported ARCH_BITS value"
2868	#endif
2869	}
2870
2871
2872	/**
2873	* Atomically exchanges and adds a value which size might differ between
2874	* platforms or compilers, ordered.
2875	*
2876	* @param pu Pointer to the variable to update.
2877	* @param uNew The value to add to *pu.
2878	* @param puOld Where to store the old value.
2879	*/
2880	#define ASMAtomicAddSize(pu, uNew, puOld) \
2881	do { \
2882	switch (sizeof(*(pu))) { \
2883	case 4: (uint32_t )(puOld) = ASMAtomicAddU32((volatile uint32_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu), (uint32_t)(uNew)); break; \
2884	case 8: (uint64_t )(puOld) = ASMAtomicAddU64((volatile uint64_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu), (uint64_t)(uNew)); break; \
2885	default: AssertMsgFailed(("ASMAtomicAddSize: size %d is not supported\n", sizeof(*(pu)))); \
2886	} \
2887	} while (0)
2888
2889
2890
2891	/**
2892	* Atomically exchanges and subtracts to an unsigned 16-bit value, ordered.
2893	*
2894	* @returns The old value.
2895	* @param pu16 Pointer to the value.
2896	* @param u16 Number to subtract.
2897	*
2898	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
2899	*/
2900	DECLINLINE(uint16_t) ASMAtomicSubU16(uint16_t volatile RT_FAR *pu16, uint32_t u16) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2901	{
2902	return ASMAtomicAddU16(pu16, (uint16_t)-(int16_t)u16);
2903	}
2904
2905
2906	/**
2907	* Atomically exchanges and subtracts to a signed 16-bit value, ordered.
2908	*
2909	* @returns The old value.
2910	* @param pi16 Pointer to the value.
2911	* @param i16 Number to subtract.
2912	*
2913	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
2914	*/
2915	DECLINLINE(int16_t) ASMAtomicSubS16(int16_t volatile RT_FAR *pi16, int16_t i16) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2916	{
2917	return (int16_t)ASMAtomicAddU16((uint16_t volatile RT_FAR *)pi16, (uint16_t)-i16);
2918	}
2919
2920
2921	/**
2922	* Atomically exchanges and subtracts to an unsigned 32-bit value, ordered.
2923	*
2924	* @returns The old value.
2925	* @param pu32 Pointer to the value.
2926	* @param u32 Number to subtract.
2927	*
2928	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
2929	*/
2930	DECLINLINE(uint32_t) ASMAtomicSubU32(uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *pu32, uint32_t u32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2931	{
2932	return ASMAtomicAddU32(pu32, (uint32_t)-(int32_t)u32);
2933	}
2934
2935
2936	/**
2937	* Atomically exchanges and subtracts to a signed 32-bit value, ordered.
2938	*
2939	* @returns The old value.
2940	* @param pi32 Pointer to the value.
2941	* @param i32 Number to subtract.
2942	*
2943	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
2944	*/
2945	DECLINLINE(int32_t) ASMAtomicSubS32(int32_t volatile RT_FAR *pi32, int32_t i32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2946	{
2947	return (int32_t)ASMAtomicAddU32((uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *)pi32, (uint32_t)-i32);
2948	}
2949
2950
2951	/**
2952	* Atomically exchanges and subtracts to an unsigned 64-bit value, ordered.
2953	*
2954	* @returns The old value.
2955	* @param pu64 Pointer to the value.
2956	* @param u64 Number to subtract.
2957	*
2958	* @remarks x86: Requires a Pentium or later.
2959	*/
2960	DECLINLINE(uint64_t) ASMAtomicSubU64(uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *pu64, uint64_t u64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2961	{
2962	return ASMAtomicAddU64(pu64, (uint64_t)-(int64_t)u64);
2963	}
2964
2965
2966	/**
2967	* Atomically exchanges and subtracts to a signed 64-bit value, ordered.
2968	*
2969	* @returns The old value.
2970	* @param pi64 Pointer to the value.
2971	* @param i64 Number to subtract.
2972	*
2973	* @remarks x86: Requires a Pentium or later.
2974	*/
2975	DECLINLINE(int64_t) ASMAtomicSubS64(int64_t volatile RT_FAR *pi64, int64_t i64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2976	{
2977	return (int64_t)ASMAtomicAddU64((uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *)pi64, (uint64_t)-i64);
2978	}
2979
2980
2981	/**
2982	* Atomically exchanges and subtracts to a size_t value, ordered.
2983	*
2984	* @returns The old value.
2985	* @param pcb Pointer to the size_t value.
2986	* @param cb Number to subtract.
2987	*
2988	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
2989	*/
2990	DECLINLINE(size_t) ASMAtomicSubZ(size_t volatile RT_FAR *pcb, size_t cb) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
2991	{
2992	#if ARCH_BITS == 64
2993	return ASMAtomicSubU64((uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *)pcb, cb);
2994	#elif ARCH_BITS == 32
2995	return ASMAtomicSubU32((uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *)pcb, cb);
2996	#elif ARCH_BITS == 16
2997	AssertCompileSize(size_t, 2);
2998	return ASMAtomicSubU16((uint16_t volatile RT_FAR *)pcb, cb);
2999	#else
3000	# error "Unsupported ARCH_BITS value"
3001	#endif
3002	}
3003
3004
3005	/**
3006	* Atomically exchanges and subtracts a value which size might differ between
3007	* platforms or compilers, ordered.
3008	*
3009	* @param pu Pointer to the variable to update.
3010	* @param uNew The value to subtract to *pu.
3011	* @param puOld Where to store the old value.
3012	*
3013	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
3014	*/
3015	#define ASMAtomicSubSize(pu, uNew, puOld) \
3016	do { \
3017	switch (sizeof(*(pu))) { \
3018	case 4: (uint32_t RT_FAR )(puOld) = ASMAtomicSubU32((volatile uint32_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu), (uint32_t)(uNew)); break; \
3019	case 8: (uint64_t RT_FAR )(puOld) = ASMAtomicSubU64((volatile uint64_t RT_FAR )(void RT_FAR )(pu), (uint64_t)(uNew)); break; \
3020	default: AssertMsgFailed(("ASMAtomicSubSize: size %d is not supported\n", sizeof(*(pu)))); \
3021	} \
3022	} while (0)
3023
3024
3025
3026	/**
3027	* Atomically increment a 16-bit value, ordered.
3028	*
3029	* @returns The new value.
3030	* @param pu16 Pointer to the value to increment.
3031	* @remarks Not implemented. Just to make 16-bit code happy.
3032	*
3033	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
3034	*/
3035	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(uint16_t) ASMAtomicIncU16(uint16_t volatile RT_FAR *pu16) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
3036
3037
3038	/**
3039	* Atomically increment a 32-bit value, ordered.
3040	*
3041	* @returns The new value.
3042	* @param pu32 Pointer to the value to increment.
3043	*
3044	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
3045	*/
3046	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
3047	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(uint32_t) ASMAtomicIncU32(uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *pu32) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
3048	#else
3049	DECLINLINE(uint32_t) ASMAtomicIncU32(uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *pu32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3050	{
3051	uint32_t u32;
3052	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
3053	u32 = _InterlockedIncrement((long RT_FAR *)pu32);
3054	return u32;
3055
3056	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
3057	__asm__ __volatile__("lock; xaddl %0, %1\n\t"
3058	: "=r" (u32),
3059	"=m" (*pu32)
3060	: "0" (1),
3061	"m" (*pu32)
3062	: "memory");
3063	return u32+1;
3064	# else
3065	__asm
3066	{
3067	mov eax, 1
3068	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
3069	mov rdx, [pu32]
3070	lock xadd [rdx], eax
3071	# else
3072	mov edx, [pu32]
3073	lock xadd [edx], eax
3074	# endif
3075	mov u32, eax
3076	}
3077	return u32+1;
3078	# endif
3079	}
3080	#endif
3081
3082
3083	/**
3084	* Atomically increment a signed 32-bit value, ordered.
3085	*
3086	* @returns The new value.
3087	* @param pi32 Pointer to the value to increment.
3088	*
3089	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
3090	*/
3091	DECLINLINE(int32_t) ASMAtomicIncS32(int32_t volatile RT_FAR *pi32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3092	{
3093	return (int32_t)ASMAtomicIncU32((uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *)pi32);
3094	}
3095
3096
3097	/**
3098	* Atomically increment a 64-bit value, ordered.
3099	*
3100	* @returns The new value.
3101	* @param pu64 Pointer to the value to increment.
3102	*
3103	* @remarks x86: Requires a Pentium or later.
3104	*/
3105	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
3106	DECLASM(uint64_t) ASMAtomicIncU64(uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *pu64) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
3107	#else
3108	DECLINLINE(uint64_t) ASMAtomicIncU64(uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *pu64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3109	{
3110	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN && defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64)
3111	uint64_t u64;
3112	u64 = _InterlockedIncrement64((__int64 RT_FAR *)pu64);
3113	return u64;
3114
3115	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE && defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64)
3116	uint64_t u64;
3117	__asm__ __volatile__("lock; xaddq %0, %1\n\t"
3118	: "=r" (u64),
3119	"=m" (*pu64)
3120	: "0" (1),
3121	"m" (*pu64)
3122	: "memory");
3123	return u64 + 1;
3124	# else
3125	return ASMAtomicAddU64(pu64, 1) + 1;
3126	# endif
3127	}
3128	#endif
3129
3130
3131	/**
3132	* Atomically increment a signed 64-bit value, ordered.
3133	*
3134	* @returns The new value.
3135	* @param pi64 Pointer to the value to increment.
3136	*
3137	* @remarks x86: Requires a Pentium or later.
3138	*/
3139	DECLINLINE(int64_t) ASMAtomicIncS64(int64_t volatile RT_FAR *pi64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3140	{
3141	return (int64_t)ASMAtomicIncU64((uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *)pi64);
3142	}
3143
3144
3145	/**
3146	* Atomically increment a size_t value, ordered.
3147	*
3148	* @returns The new value.
3149	* @param pcb Pointer to the value to increment.
3150	*
3151	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
3152	*/
3153	DECLINLINE(size_t) ASMAtomicIncZ(size_t volatile RT_FAR *pcb) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3154	{
3155	#if ARCH_BITS == 64
3156	return ASMAtomicIncU64((uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *)pcb);
3157	#elif ARCH_BITS == 32
3158	return ASMAtomicIncU32((uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *)pcb);
3159	#elif ARCH_BITS == 16
3160	return ASMAtomicIncU16((uint16_t volatile RT_FAR *)pcb);
3161	#else
3162	# error "Unsupported ARCH_BITS value"
3163	#endif
3164	}
3165
3166
3167
3168	/**
3169	* Atomically decrement an unsigned 32-bit value, ordered.
3170	*
3171	* @returns The new value.
3172	* @param pu16 Pointer to the value to decrement.
3173	* @remarks Not implemented. Just to make 16-bit code happy.
3174	*
3175	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
3176	*/
3177	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(uint32_t) ASMAtomicDecU16(uint16_t volatile RT_FAR *pu16) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
3178
3179
3180	/**
3181	* Atomically decrement an unsigned 32-bit value, ordered.
3182	*
3183	* @returns The new value.
3184	* @param pu32 Pointer to the value to decrement.
3185	*
3186	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
3187	*/
3188	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
3189	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(uint32_t) ASMAtomicDecU32(uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *pu32) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
3190	#else
3191	DECLINLINE(uint32_t) ASMAtomicDecU32(uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *pu32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3192	{
3193	uint32_t u32;
3194	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
3195	u32 = _InterlockedDecrement((long RT_FAR *)pu32);
3196	return u32;
3197
3198	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
3199	__asm__ __volatile__("lock; xaddl %0, %1\n\t"
3200	: "=r" (u32),
3201	"=m" (*pu32)
3202	: "0" (-1),
3203	"m" (*pu32)
3204	: "memory");
3205	return u32-1;
3206	# else
3207	__asm
3208	{
3209	mov eax, -1
3210	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
3211	mov rdx, [pu32]
3212	lock xadd [rdx], eax
3213	# else
3214	mov edx, [pu32]
3215	lock xadd [edx], eax
3216	# endif
3217	mov u32, eax
3218	}
3219	return u32-1;
3220	# endif
3221	}
3222	#endif
3223
3224
3225	/**
3226	* Atomically decrement a signed 32-bit value, ordered.
3227	*
3228	* @returns The new value.
3229	* @param pi32 Pointer to the value to decrement.
3230	*
3231	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
3232	*/
3233	DECLINLINE(int32_t) ASMAtomicDecS32(int32_t volatile RT_FAR *pi32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3234	{
3235	return (int32_t)ASMAtomicDecU32((uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *)pi32);
3236	}
3237
3238
3239	/**
3240	* Atomically decrement an unsigned 64-bit value, ordered.
3241	*
3242	* @returns The new value.
3243	* @param pu64 Pointer to the value to decrement.
3244	*
3245	* @remarks x86: Requires a Pentium or later.
3246	*/
3247	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
3248	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(uint64_t) ASMAtomicDecU64(uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *pu64) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
3249	#else
3250	DECLINLINE(uint64_t) ASMAtomicDecU64(uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *pu64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3251	{
3252	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN && defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64)
3253	uint64_t u64 = _InterlockedDecrement64((__int64 volatile RT_FAR *)pu64);
3254	return u64;
3255
3256	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE && defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64)
3257	uint64_t u64;
3258	__asm__ __volatile__("lock; xaddq %q0, %1\n\t"
3259	: "=r" (u64),
3260	"=m" (*pu64)
3261	: "0" (~(uint64_t)0),
3262	"m" (*pu64)
3263	: "memory");
3264	return u64-1;
3265	# else
3266	return ASMAtomicAddU64(pu64, UINT64_MAX) - 1;
3267	# endif
3268	}
3269	#endif
3270
3271
3272	/**
3273	* Atomically decrement a signed 64-bit value, ordered.
3274	*
3275	* @returns The new value.
3276	* @param pi64 Pointer to the value to decrement.
3277	*
3278	* @remarks x86: Requires a Pentium or later.
3279	*/
3280	DECLINLINE(int64_t) ASMAtomicDecS64(int64_t volatile RT_FAR *pi64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3281	{
3282	return (int64_t)ASMAtomicDecU64((uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *)pi64);
3283	}
3284
3285
3286	/**
3287	* Atomically decrement a size_t value, ordered.
3288	*
3289	* @returns The new value.
3290	* @param pcb Pointer to the value to decrement.
3291	*
3292	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
3293	*/
3294	DECLINLINE(size_t) ASMAtomicDecZ(size_t volatile RT_FAR *pcb) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3295	{
3296	#if ARCH_BITS == 64
3297	return ASMAtomicDecU64((uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *)pcb);
3298	#elif ARCH_BITS == 32
3299	return ASMAtomicDecU32((uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *)pcb);
3300	#elif ARCH_BITS == 16
3301	return ASMAtomicDecU16((uint16_t volatile RT_FAR *)pcb);
3302	#else
3303	# error "Unsupported ARCH_BITS value"
3304	#endif
3305	}
3306
3307
3308	/**
3309	* Atomically Or an unsigned 32-bit value, ordered.
3310	*
3311	* @param pu32 Pointer to the pointer variable to OR u32 with.
3312	* @param u32 The value to OR *pu32 with.
3313	*
3314	* @remarks x86: Requires a 386 or later.
3315	*/
3316	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
3317	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(void) ASMAtomicOrU32(uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *pu32, uint32_t u32) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
3318	#else
3319	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicOrU32(uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *pu32, uint32_t u32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3320	{
3321	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
3322	_InterlockedOr((long volatile RT_FAR *)pu32, (long)u32);
3323
3324	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
3325	__asm__ __volatile__("lock; orl %1, %0\n\t"
3326	: "=m" (*pu32)
3327	: "ir" (u32),
3328	"m" (*pu32));
3329	# else
3330	__asm
3331	{
3332	mov eax, [u32]
3333	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
3334	mov rdx, [pu32]
3335	lock or [rdx], eax
3336	# else
3337	mov edx, [pu32]
3338	lock or [edx], eax
3339	# endif
3340	}
3341	# endif
3342	}
3343	#endif
3344
3345
3346	/**
3347	* Atomically Or a signed 32-bit value, ordered.
3348	*
3349	* @param pi32 Pointer to the pointer variable to OR u32 with.
3350	* @param i32 The value to OR *pu32 with.
3351	*
3352	* @remarks x86: Requires a 386 or later.
3353	*/
3354	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicOrS32(int32_t volatile RT_FAR *pi32, int32_t i32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3355	{
3356	ASMAtomicOrU32((uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *)pi32, (uint32_t)i32);
3357	}
3358
3359
3360	/**
3361	* Atomically Or an unsigned 64-bit value, ordered.
3362	*
3363	* @param pu64 Pointer to the pointer variable to OR u64 with.
3364	* @param u64 The value to OR *pu64 with.
3365	*
3366	* @remarks x86: Requires a Pentium or later.
3367	*/
3368	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
3369	DECLASM(void) ASMAtomicOrU64(uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *pu64, uint64_t u64) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
3370	#else
3371	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicOrU64(uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *pu64, uint64_t u64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3372	{
3373	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN && defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64)
3374	_InterlockedOr64((__int64 volatile RT_FAR *)pu64, (__int64)u64);
3375
3376	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE && defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64)
3377	__asm__ __volatile__("lock; orq %1, %q0\n\t"
3378	: "=m" (*pu64)
3379	: "r" (u64),
3380	"m" (*pu64));
3381	# else
3382	for (;;)
3383	{
3384	uint64_t u64Old = ASMAtomicUoReadU64(pu64);
3385	uint64_t u64New = u64Old \| u64;
3386	if (ASMAtomicCmpXchgU64(pu64, u64New, u64Old))
3387	break;
3388	ASMNopPause();
3389	}
3390	# endif
3391	}
3392	#endif
3393
3394
3395	/**
3396	* Atomically Or a signed 64-bit value, ordered.
3397	*
3398	* @param pi64 Pointer to the pointer variable to OR u64 with.
3399	* @param i64 The value to OR *pu64 with.
3400	*
3401	* @remarks x86: Requires a Pentium or later.
3402	*/
3403	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicOrS64(int64_t volatile RT_FAR *pi64, int64_t i64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3404	{
3405	ASMAtomicOrU64((uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *)pi64, (uint64_t)i64);
3406	}
3407
3408
3409	/**
3410	* Atomically And an unsigned 32-bit value, ordered.
3411	*
3412	* @param pu32 Pointer to the pointer variable to AND u32 with.
3413	* @param u32 The value to AND *pu32 with.
3414	*
3415	* @remarks x86: Requires a 386 or later.
3416	*/
3417	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
3418	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(void) ASMAtomicAndU32(uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *pu32, uint32_t u32) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
3419	#else
3420	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicAndU32(uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *pu32, uint32_t u32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3421	{
3422	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
3423	_InterlockedAnd((long volatile RT_FAR *)pu32, u32);
3424
3425	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
3426	__asm__ __volatile__("lock; andl %1, %0\n\t"
3427	: "=m" (*pu32)
3428	: "ir" (u32),
3429	"m" (*pu32));
3430	# else
3431	__asm
3432	{
3433	mov eax, [u32]
3434	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
3435	mov rdx, [pu32]
3436	lock and [rdx], eax
3437	# else
3438	mov edx, [pu32]
3439	lock and [edx], eax
3440	# endif
3441	}
3442	# endif
3443	}
3444	#endif
3445
3446
3447	/**
3448	* Atomically And a signed 32-bit value, ordered.
3449	*
3450	* @param pi32 Pointer to the pointer variable to AND i32 with.
3451	* @param i32 The value to AND *pi32 with.
3452	*
3453	* @remarks x86: Requires a 386 or later.
3454	*/
3455	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicAndS32(int32_t volatile RT_FAR *pi32, int32_t i32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3456	{
3457	ASMAtomicAndU32((uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *)pi32, (uint32_t)i32);
3458	}
3459
3460
3461	/**
3462	* Atomically And an unsigned 64-bit value, ordered.
3463	*
3464	* @param pu64 Pointer to the pointer variable to AND u64 with.
3465	* @param u64 The value to AND *pu64 with.
3466	*
3467	* @remarks x86: Requires a Pentium or later.
3468	*/
3469	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
3470	DECLASM(void) ASMAtomicAndU64(uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *pu64, uint64_t u64) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
3471	#else
3472	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicAndU64(uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *pu64, uint64_t u64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3473	{
3474	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN && defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64)
3475	_InterlockedAnd64((__int64 volatile RT_FAR *)pu64, u64);
3476
3477	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE && defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64)
3478	__asm__ __volatile__("lock; andq %1, %0\n\t"
3479	: "=m" (*pu64)
3480	: "r" (u64),
3481	"m" (*pu64));
3482	# else
3483	for (;;)
3484	{
3485	uint64_t u64Old = ASMAtomicUoReadU64(pu64);
3486	uint64_t u64New = u64Old & u64;
3487	if (ASMAtomicCmpXchgU64(pu64, u64New, u64Old))
3488	break;
3489	ASMNopPause();
3490	}
3491	# endif
3492	}
3493	#endif
3494
3495
3496	/**
3497	* Atomically And a signed 64-bit value, ordered.
3498	*
3499	* @param pi64 Pointer to the pointer variable to AND i64 with.
3500	* @param i64 The value to AND *pi64 with.
3501	*
3502	* @remarks x86: Requires a Pentium or later.
3503	*/
3504	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicAndS64(int64_t volatile RT_FAR *pi64, int64_t i64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3505	{
3506	ASMAtomicAndU64((uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *)pi64, (uint64_t)i64);
3507	}
3508
3509
3510	/**
3511	* Atomically OR an unsigned 32-bit value, unordered but interrupt safe.
3512	*
3513	* @param pu32 Pointer to the pointer variable to OR u32 with.
3514	* @param u32 The value to OR *pu32 with.
3515	*
3516	* @remarks x86: Requires a 386 or later.
3517	*/
3518	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL
3519	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(void) ASMAtomicUoOrU32(uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *pu32, uint32_t u32) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
3520	#else
3521	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicUoOrU32(uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *pu32, uint32_t u32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3522	{
3523	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
3524	__asm__ __volatile__("orl %1, %0\n\t"
3525	: "=m" (*pu32)
3526	: "ir" (u32),
3527	"m" (*pu32));
3528	# else
3529	__asm
3530	{
3531	mov eax, [u32]
3532	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
3533	mov rdx, [pu32]
3534	or [rdx], eax
3535	# else
3536	mov edx, [pu32]
3537	or [edx], eax
3538	# endif
3539	}
3540	# endif
3541	}
3542	#endif
3543
3544
3545	/**
3546	* Atomically OR a signed 32-bit value, unordered.
3547	*
3548	* @param pi32 Pointer to the pointer variable to OR u32 with.
3549	* @param i32 The value to OR *pu32 with.
3550	*
3551	* @remarks x86: Requires a 386 or later.
3552	*/
3553	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicUoOrS32(int32_t volatile RT_FAR *pi32, int32_t i32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3554	{
3555	ASMAtomicUoOrU32((uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *)pi32, (uint32_t)i32);
3556	}
3557
3558
3559	/**
3560	* Atomically OR an unsigned 64-bit value, unordered.
3561	*
3562	* @param pu64 Pointer to the pointer variable to OR u64 with.
3563	* @param u64 The value to OR *pu64 with.
3564	*
3565	* @remarks x86: Requires a Pentium or later.
3566	*/
3567	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL
3568	DECLASM(void) ASMAtomicUoOrU64(uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *pu64, uint64_t u64) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
3569	#else
3570	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicUoOrU64(uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *pu64, uint64_t u64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3571	{
3572	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE && defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64)
3573	__asm__ __volatile__("orq %1, %q0\n\t"
3574	: "=m" (*pu64)
3575	: "r" (u64),
3576	"m" (*pu64));
3577	# else
3578	for (;;)
3579	{
3580	uint64_t u64Old = ASMAtomicUoReadU64(pu64);
3581	uint64_t u64New = u64Old \| u64;
3582	if (ASMAtomicCmpXchgU64(pu64, u64New, u64Old))
3583	break;
3584	ASMNopPause();
3585	}
3586	# endif
3587	}
3588	#endif
3589
3590
3591	/**
3592	* Atomically Or a signed 64-bit value, unordered.
3593	*
3594	* @param pi64 Pointer to the pointer variable to OR u64 with.
3595	* @param i64 The value to OR *pu64 with.
3596	*
3597	* @remarks x86: Requires a Pentium or later.
3598	*/
3599	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicUoOrS64(int64_t volatile RT_FAR *pi64, int64_t i64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3600	{
3601	ASMAtomicUoOrU64((uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *)pi64, (uint64_t)i64);
3602	}
3603
3604
3605	/**
3606	* Atomically And an unsigned 32-bit value, unordered.
3607	*
3608	* @param pu32 Pointer to the pointer variable to AND u32 with.
3609	* @param u32 The value to AND *pu32 with.
3610	*
3611	* @remarks x86: Requires a 386 or later.
3612	*/
3613	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL
3614	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(void) ASMAtomicUoAndU32(uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *pu32, uint32_t u32) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
3615	#else
3616	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicUoAndU32(uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *pu32, uint32_t u32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3617	{
3618	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
3619	__asm__ __volatile__("andl %1, %0\n\t"
3620	: "=m" (*pu32)
3621	: "ir" (u32),
3622	"m" (*pu32));
3623	# else
3624	__asm
3625	{
3626	mov eax, [u32]
3627	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
3628	mov rdx, [pu32]
3629	and [rdx], eax
3630	# else
3631	mov edx, [pu32]
3632	and [edx], eax
3633	# endif
3634	}
3635	# endif
3636	}
3637	#endif
3638
3639
3640	/**
3641	* Atomically And a signed 32-bit value, unordered.
3642	*
3643	* @param pi32 Pointer to the pointer variable to AND i32 with.
3644	* @param i32 The value to AND *pi32 with.
3645	*
3646	* @remarks x86: Requires a 386 or later.
3647	*/
3648	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicUoAndS32(int32_t volatile RT_FAR *pi32, int32_t i32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3649	{
3650	ASMAtomicUoAndU32((uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *)pi32, (uint32_t)i32);
3651	}
3652
3653
3654	/**
3655	* Atomically And an unsigned 64-bit value, unordered.
3656	*
3657	* @param pu64 Pointer to the pointer variable to AND u64 with.
3658	* @param u64 The value to AND *pu64 with.
3659	*
3660	* @remarks x86: Requires a Pentium or later.
3661	*/
3662	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL
3663	DECLASM(void) ASMAtomicUoAndU64(uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *pu64, uint64_t u64) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
3664	#else
3665	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicUoAndU64(uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *pu64, uint64_t u64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3666	{
3667	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE && defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64)
3668	__asm__ __volatile__("andq %1, %0\n\t"
3669	: "=m" (*pu64)
3670	: "r" (u64),
3671	"m" (*pu64));
3672	# else
3673	for (;;)
3674	{
3675	uint64_t u64Old = ASMAtomicUoReadU64(pu64);
3676	uint64_t u64New = u64Old & u64;
3677	if (ASMAtomicCmpXchgU64(pu64, u64New, u64Old))
3678	break;
3679	ASMNopPause();
3680	}
3681	# endif
3682	}
3683	#endif
3684
3685
3686	/**
3687	* Atomically And a signed 64-bit value, unordered.
3688	*
3689	* @param pi64 Pointer to the pointer variable to AND i64 with.
3690	* @param i64 The value to AND *pi64 with.
3691	*
3692	* @remarks x86: Requires a Pentium or later.
3693	*/
3694	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicUoAndS64(int64_t volatile RT_FAR *pi64, int64_t i64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3695	{
3696	ASMAtomicUoAndU64((uint64_t volatile RT_FAR *)pi64, (uint64_t)i64);
3697	}
3698
3699
3700	/**
3701	* Atomically increment an unsigned 32-bit value, unordered.
3702	*
3703	* @returns the new value.
3704	* @param pu32 Pointer to the variable to increment.
3705	*
3706	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
3707	*/
3708	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL
3709	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(uint32_t) ASMAtomicUoIncU32(uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *pu32) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
3710	#else
3711	DECLINLINE(uint32_t) ASMAtomicUoIncU32(uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *pu32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3712	{
3713	uint32_t u32;
3714	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
3715	__asm__ __volatile__("xaddl %0, %1\n\t"
3716	: "=r" (u32),
3717	"=m" (*pu32)
3718	: "0" (1),
3719	"m" (*pu32)
3720	: "memory");
3721	return u32 + 1;
3722	# else
3723	__asm
3724	{
3725	mov eax, 1
3726	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
3727	mov rdx, [pu32]
3728	xadd [rdx], eax
3729	# else
3730	mov edx, [pu32]
3731	xadd [edx], eax
3732	# endif
3733	mov u32, eax
3734	}
3735	return u32 + 1;
3736	# endif
3737	}
3738	#endif
3739
3740
3741	/**
3742	* Atomically decrement an unsigned 32-bit value, unordered.
3743	*
3744	* @returns the new value.
3745	* @param pu32 Pointer to the variable to decrement.
3746	*
3747	* @remarks x86: Requires a 486 or later.
3748	*/
3749	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL
3750	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(uint32_t) ASMAtomicUoDecU32(uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *pu32) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
3751	#else
3752	DECLINLINE(uint32_t) ASMAtomicUoDecU32(uint32_t volatile RT_FAR *pu32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3753	{
3754	uint32_t u32;
3755	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
3756	__asm__ __volatile__("lock; xaddl %0, %1\n\t"
3757	: "=r" (u32),
3758	"=m" (*pu32)
3759	: "0" (-1),
3760	"m" (*pu32)
3761	: "memory");
3762	return u32 - 1;
3763	# else
3764	__asm
3765	{
3766	mov eax, -1
3767	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
3768	mov rdx, [pu32]
3769	xadd [rdx], eax
3770	# else
3771	mov edx, [pu32]
3772	xadd [edx], eax
3773	# endif
3774	mov u32, eax
3775	}
3776	return u32 - 1;
3777	# endif
3778	}
3779	#endif
3780
3781
3782	/** @def RT_ASM_PAGE_SIZE
3783	* We try avoid dragging in iprt/param.h here.
3784	* @internal
3785	*/
3786	#if defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC64)
3787	# define RT_ASM_PAGE_SIZE 0x2000
3788	# if defined(PAGE_SIZE) && !defined(NT_INCLUDED)
3789	# if PAGE_SIZE != 0x2000
3790	# error "PAGE_SIZE is not 0x2000!"
3791	# endif
3792	# endif
3793	#else
3794	# define RT_ASM_PAGE_SIZE 0x1000
3795	# if defined(PAGE_SIZE) && !defined(NT_INCLUDED)
3796	# if PAGE_SIZE != 0x1000
3797	# error "PAGE_SIZE is not 0x1000!"
3798	# endif
3799	# endif
3800	#endif
3801
3802	/**
3803	* Zeros a 4K memory page.
3804	*
3805	* @param pv Pointer to the memory block. This must be page aligned.
3806	*/
3807	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
3808	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(void) ASMMemZeroPage(volatile void RT_FAR *pv) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
3809	# else
3810	DECLINLINE(void) ASMMemZeroPage(volatile void RT_FAR *pv) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3811	{
3812	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
3813	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
3814	__stosq((unsigned __int64 *)pv, 0, RT_ASM_PAGE_SIZE / 8);
3815	# else
3816	__stosd((unsigned long *)pv, 0, RT_ASM_PAGE_SIZE / 4);
3817	# endif
3818
3819	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
3820	RTCCUINTREG uDummy;
3821	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
3822	__asm__ __volatile__("rep stosq"
3823	: "=D" (pv),
3824	"=c" (uDummy)
3825	: "0" (pv),
3826	"c" (RT_ASM_PAGE_SIZE >> 3),
3827	"a" (0)
3828	: "memory");
3829	# else
3830	__asm__ __volatile__("rep stosl"
3831	: "=D" (pv),
3832	"=c" (uDummy)
3833	: "0" (pv),
3834	"c" (RT_ASM_PAGE_SIZE >> 2),
3835	"a" (0)
3836	: "memory");
3837	# endif
3838	# else
3839	__asm
3840	{
3841	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
3842	xor rax, rax
3843	mov ecx, 0200h
3844	mov rdi, [pv]
3845	rep stosq
3846	# else
3847	xor eax, eax
3848	mov ecx, 0400h
3849	mov edi, [pv]
3850	rep stosd
3851	# endif
3852	}
3853	# endif
3854	}
3855	# endif
3856
3857
3858	/**
3859	* Zeros a memory block with a 32-bit aligned size.
3860	*
3861	* @param pv Pointer to the memory block.
3862	* @param cb Number of bytes in the block. This MUST be aligned on 32-bit!
3863	*/
3864	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
3865	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(void) ASMMemZero32(volatile void RT_FAR *pv, size_t cb) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
3866	#else
3867	DECLINLINE(void) ASMMemZero32(volatile void RT_FAR *pv, size_t cb) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3868	{
3869	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
3870	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
3871	if (!(cb & 7))
3872	__stosq((unsigned __int64 RT_FAR *)pv, 0, cb / 8);
3873	else
3874	# endif
3875	__stosd((unsigned long RT_FAR *)pv, 0, cb / 4);
3876
3877	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
3878	__asm__ __volatile__("rep stosl"
3879	: "=D" (pv),
3880	"=c" (cb)
3881	: "0" (pv),
3882	"1" (cb >> 2),
3883	"a" (0)
3884	: "memory");
3885	# else
3886	__asm
3887	{
3888	xor eax, eax
3889	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
3890	mov rcx, [cb]
3891	shr rcx, 2
3892	mov rdi, [pv]
3893	# else
3894	mov ecx, [cb]
3895	shr ecx, 2
3896	mov edi, [pv]
3897	# endif
3898	rep stosd
3899	}
3900	# endif
3901	}
3902	#endif
3903
3904
3905	/**
3906	* Fills a memory block with a 32-bit aligned size.
3907	*
3908	* @param pv Pointer to the memory block.
3909	* @param cb Number of bytes in the block. This MUST be aligned on 32-bit!
3910	* @param u32 The value to fill with.
3911	*/
3912	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
3913	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(void) ASMMemFill32(volatile void RT_FAR *pv, size_t cb, uint32_t u32) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
3914	#else
3915	DECLINLINE(void) ASMMemFill32(volatile void RT_FAR *pv, size_t cb, uint32_t u32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3916	{
3917	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
3918	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
3919	if (!(cb & 7))
3920	__stosq((unsigned __int64 RT_FAR *)pv, RT_MAKE_U64(u32, u32), cb / 8);
3921	else
3922	# endif
3923	__stosd((unsigned long RT_FAR *)pv, u32, cb / 4);
3924
3925	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
3926	__asm__ __volatile__("rep stosl"
3927	: "=D" (pv),
3928	"=c" (cb)
3929	: "0" (pv),
3930	"1" (cb >> 2),
3931	"a" (u32)
3932	: "memory");
3933	# else
3934	__asm
3935	{
3936	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
3937	mov rcx, [cb]
3938	shr rcx, 2
3939	mov rdi, [pv]
3940	# else
3941	mov ecx, [cb]
3942	shr ecx, 2
3943	mov edi, [pv]
3944	# endif
3945	mov eax, [u32]
3946	rep stosd
3947	}
3948	# endif
3949	}
3950	#endif
3951
3952
3953	/**
3954	* Checks if a memory block is all zeros.
3955	*
3956	* @returns Pointer to the first non-zero byte.
3957	* @returns NULL if all zero.
3958	*
3959	* @param pv Pointer to the memory block.
3960	* @param cb Number of bytes in the block.
3961	*
3962	* @todo Fix name, it is a predicate function but it's not returning boolean!
3963	*/
3964	#if !defined(RDESKTOP) && (!defined(RT_OS_LINUX) \|\| !defined(__KERNEL__)) \
3965	&& !defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC64) \
3966	&& !defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC)
3967	DECLASM(void RT_FAR ) ASMMemFirstNonZero(void const RT_FAR pv, size_t cb) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
3968	#else
3969	DECLINLINE(void RT_FAR ) ASMMemFirstNonZero(void const RT_FAR pv, size_t cb) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3970	{
3971	uint8_t const pb = (uint8_t const RT_FAR )pv;
3972	for (; cb; cb--, pb++)
3973	if (RT_LIKELY(*pb == 0))
3974	{ /* likely */ }
3975	else
3976	return (void RT_FAR *)pb;
3977	return NULL;
3978	}
3979	#endif
3980
3981
3982	/**
3983	* Checks if a memory block is all zeros.
3984	*
3985	* @returns true if zero, false if not.
3986	*
3987	* @param pv Pointer to the memory block.
3988	* @param cb Number of bytes in the block.
3989	*
3990	* @sa ASMMemFirstNonZero
3991	*/
3992	DECLINLINE(bool) ASMMemIsZero(void const RT_FAR *pv, size_t cb) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
3993	{
3994	return ASMMemFirstNonZero(pv, cb) == NULL;
3995	}
3996
3997
3998	/**
3999	* Checks if a memory page is all zeros.
4000	*
4001	* @returns true / false.
4002	*
4003	* @param pvPage Pointer to the page. Must be aligned on 16 byte
4004	* boundary
4005	*/
4006	DECLINLINE(bool) ASMMemIsZeroPage(void const RT_FAR *pvPage) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
4007	{
4008	# if 0 /RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE - this is actually slower... /
4009	union { RTCCUINTREG r; bool f; } uAX;
4010	RTCCUINTREG xCX, xDI;
4011	Assert(!((uintptr_t)pvPage & 15));
4012	__asm__ __volatile__("repe; "
4013	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
4014	"scasq\n\t"
4015	# else
4016	"scasl\n\t"
4017	# endif
4018	"setnc %%al\n\t"
4019	: "=&c" (xCX),
4020	"=&D" (xDI),
4021	"=&a" (uAX.r)
4022	: "mr" (pvPage),
4023	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
4024	"0" (RT_ASM_PAGE_SIZE/8),
4025	# else
4026	"0" (RT_ASM_PAGE_SIZE/4),
4027	# endif
4028	"1" (pvPage),
4029	"2" (0));
4030	return uAX.f;
4031	# else
4032	uintptr_t const RT_FAR puPtr = (uintptr_t const RT_FAR )pvPage;
4033	size_t cLeft = RT_ASM_PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(uintptr_t) / 8;
4034	Assert(!((uintptr_t)pvPage & 15));
4035	for (;;)
4036	{
4037	if (puPtr[0]) return false;
4038	if (puPtr[4]) return false;
4039
4040	if (puPtr[2]) return false;
4041	if (puPtr[6]) return false;
4042
4043	if (puPtr[1]) return false;
4044	if (puPtr[5]) return false;
4045
4046	if (puPtr[3]) return false;
4047	if (puPtr[7]) return false;
4048
4049	if (!--cLeft)
4050	return true;
4051	puPtr += 8;
4052	}
4053	# endif
4054	}
4055
4056
4057	/**
4058	* Checks if a memory block is filled with the specified byte, returning the
4059	* first mismatch.
4060	*
4061	* This is sort of an inverted memchr.
4062	*
4063	* @returns Pointer to the byte which doesn't equal u8.
4064	* @returns NULL if all equal to u8.
4065	*
4066	* @param pv Pointer to the memory block.
4067	* @param cb Number of bytes in the block.
4068	* @param u8 The value it's supposed to be filled with.
4069	*
4070	* @remarks No alignment requirements.
4071	*/
4072	#if (!defined(RT_OS_LINUX) \|\| !defined(__KERNEL__)) \
4073	&& (!defined(RT_OS_FREEBSD) \|\| !defined(_KERNEL)) \
4074	&& !defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC64) \
4075	&& !defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC)
4076	DECLASM(void ) ASMMemFirstMismatchingU8(void const RT_FAR pv, size_t cb, uint8_t u8) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
4077	#else
4078	DECLINLINE(void ) ASMMemFirstMismatchingU8(void const RT_FAR pv, size_t cb, uint8_t u8) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
4079	{
4080	uint8_t const pb = (uint8_t const RT_FAR )pv;
4081	for (; cb; cb--, pb++)
4082	if (RT_LIKELY(*pb == u8))
4083	{ /* likely */ }
4084	else
4085	return (void *)pb;
4086	return NULL;
4087	}
4088	#endif
4089
4090
4091	/**
4092	* Checks if a memory block is filled with the specified byte.
4093	*
4094	* @returns true if all matching, false if not.
4095	*
4096	* @param pv Pointer to the memory block.
4097	* @param cb Number of bytes in the block.
4098	* @param u8 The value it's supposed to be filled with.
4099	*
4100	* @remarks No alignment requirements.
4101	*/
4102	DECLINLINE(bool) ASMMemIsAllU8(void const RT_FAR *pv, size_t cb, uint8_t u8) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
4103	{
4104	return ASMMemFirstMismatchingU8(pv, cb, u8) == NULL;
4105	}
4106
4107
4108	/**
4109	* Checks if a memory block is filled with the specified 32-bit value.
4110	*
4111	* This is a sort of inverted memchr.
4112	*
4113	* @returns Pointer to the first value which doesn't equal u32.
4114	* @returns NULL if all equal to u32.
4115	*
4116	* @param pv Pointer to the memory block.
4117	* @param cb Number of bytes in the block. This MUST be aligned on 32-bit!
4118	* @param u32 The value it's supposed to be filled with.
4119	*/
4120	DECLINLINE(uint32_t RT_FAR ) ASMMemFirstMismatchingU32(void const RT_FAR pv, size_t cb, uint32_t u32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
4121	{
4122	/** @todo rewrite this in inline assembly? */
4123	uint32_t const RT_FAR pu32 = (uint32_t const RT_FAR )pv;
4124	for (; cb; cb -= 4, pu32++)
4125	if (RT_LIKELY(*pu32 == u32))
4126	{ /* likely */ }
4127	else
4128	return (uint32_t RT_FAR *)pu32;
4129	return NULL;
4130	}
4131
4132
4133	/**
4134	* Probes a byte pointer for read access.
4135	*
4136	* While the function will not fault if the byte is not read accessible,
4137	* the idea is to do this in a safe place like before acquiring locks
4138	* and such like.
4139	*
4140	* Also, this functions guarantees that an eager compiler is not going
4141	* to optimize the probing away.
4142	*
4143	* @param pvByte Pointer to the byte.
4144	*/
4145	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL
4146	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(uint8_t) ASMProbeReadByte(const void RT_FAR *pvByte) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
4147	#else
4148	DECLINLINE(uint8_t) ASMProbeReadByte(const void RT_FAR *pvByte) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
4149	{
4150	/** @todo verify that the compiler actually doesn't optimize this away. (intel & gcc) */
4151	uint8_t u8;
4152	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
4153	__asm__ __volatile__("movb (%1), %0\n\t"
4154	: "=r" (u8)
4155	: "r" (pvByte));
4156	# else
4157	__asm
4158	{
4159	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
4160	mov rax, [pvByte]
4161	mov al, [rax]
4162	# else
4163	mov eax, [pvByte]
4164	mov al, [eax]
4165	# endif
4166	mov [u8], al
4167	}
4168	# endif
4169	return u8;
4170	}
4171	#endif
4172
4173	/**
4174	* Probes a buffer for read access page by page.
4175	*
4176	* While the function will fault if the buffer is not fully read
4177	* accessible, the idea is to do this in a safe place like before
4178	* acquiring locks and such like.
4179	*
4180	* Also, this functions guarantees that an eager compiler is not going
4181	* to optimize the probing away.
4182	*
4183	* @param pvBuf Pointer to the buffer.
4184	* @param cbBuf The size of the buffer in bytes. Must be >= 1.
4185	*/
4186	DECLINLINE(void) ASMProbeReadBuffer(const void RT_FAR *pvBuf, size_t cbBuf) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
4187	{
4188	/** @todo verify that the compiler actually doesn't optimize this away. (intel & gcc) */
4189	/* the first byte */
4190	const uint8_t RT_FAR pu8 = (const uint8_t RT_FAR )pvBuf;
4191	ASMProbeReadByte(pu8);
4192
4193	/* the pages in between pages. */
4194	while (cbBuf > RT_ASM_PAGE_SIZE)
4195	{
4196	ASMProbeReadByte(pu8);
4197	cbBuf -= RT_ASM_PAGE_SIZE;
4198	pu8 += RT_ASM_PAGE_SIZE;
4199	}
4200
4201	/* the last byte */
4202	ASMProbeReadByte(pu8 + cbBuf - 1);
4203	}
4204
4205
4206
4207	/** @defgroup grp_inline_bits Bit Operations
4208	* @{
4209	*/
4210
4211
4212	/**
4213	* Sets a bit in a bitmap.
4214	*
4215	* @param pvBitmap Pointer to the bitmap. This should be 32-bit aligned.
4216	* @param iBit The bit to set.
4217	*
4218	* @remarks The 32-bit aligning of pvBitmap is not a strict requirement.
4219	* However, doing so will yield better performance as well as avoiding
4220	* traps accessing the last bits in the bitmap.
4221	*/
4222	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
4223	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(void) ASMBitSet(volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, int32_t iBit) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
4224	#else
4225	DECLINLINE(void) ASMBitSet(volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, int32_t iBit) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
4226	{
4227	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
4228	_bittestandset((long RT_FAR *)pvBitmap, iBit);
4229
4230	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
4231	__asm__ __volatile__("btsl %1, %0"
4232	: "=m" ((volatile long RT_FAR )pvBitmap)
4233	: "Ir" (iBit),
4234	"m" ((volatile long RT_FAR )pvBitmap)
4235	: "memory");
4236	# else
4237	__asm
4238	{
4239	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
4240	mov rax, [pvBitmap]
4241	mov edx, [iBit]
4242	bts [rax], edx
4243	# else
4244	mov eax, [pvBitmap]
4245	mov edx, [iBit]
4246	bts [eax], edx
4247	# endif
4248	}
4249	# endif
4250	}
4251	#endif
4252
4253
4254	/**
4255	* Atomically sets a bit in a bitmap, ordered.
4256	*
4257	* @param pvBitmap Pointer to the bitmap. Must be 32-bit aligned, otherwise
4258	* the memory access isn't atomic!
4259	* @param iBit The bit to set.
4260	*
4261	* @remarks x86: Requires a 386 or later.
4262	*/
4263	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
4264	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(void) ASMAtomicBitSet(volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, int32_t iBit) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
4265	#else
4266	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicBitSet(volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, int32_t iBit) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
4267	{
4268	AssertMsg(!((uintptr_t)pvBitmap & 3), ("address %p not 32-bit aligned", pvBitmap));
4269	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
4270	_interlockedbittestandset((long RT_FAR *)pvBitmap, iBit);
4271	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
4272	__asm__ __volatile__("lock; btsl %1, %0"
4273	: "=m" ((volatile long )pvBitmap)
4274	: "Ir" (iBit),
4275	"m" ((volatile long )pvBitmap)
4276	: "memory");
4277	# else
4278	__asm
4279	{
4280	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
4281	mov rax, [pvBitmap]
4282	mov edx, [iBit]
4283	lock bts [rax], edx
4284	# else
4285	mov eax, [pvBitmap]
4286	mov edx, [iBit]
4287	lock bts [eax], edx
4288	# endif
4289	}
4290	# endif
4291	}
4292	#endif
4293
4294
4295	/**
4296	* Clears a bit in a bitmap.
4297	*
4298	* @param pvBitmap Pointer to the bitmap.
4299	* @param iBit The bit to clear.
4300	*
4301	* @remarks The 32-bit aligning of pvBitmap is not a strict requirement.
4302	* However, doing so will yield better performance as well as avoiding
4303	* traps accessing the last bits in the bitmap.
4304	*/
4305	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
4306	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(void) ASMBitClear(volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, int32_t iBit) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
4307	#else
4308	DECLINLINE(void) ASMBitClear(volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, int32_t iBit) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
4309	{
4310	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
4311	_bittestandreset((long RT_FAR *)pvBitmap, iBit);
4312
4313	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
4314	__asm__ __volatile__("btrl %1, %0"
4315	: "=m" ((volatile long RT_FAR )pvBitmap)
4316	: "Ir" (iBit),
4317	"m" ((volatile long RT_FAR )pvBitmap)
4318	: "memory");
4319	# else
4320	__asm
4321	{
4322	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
4323	mov rax, [pvBitmap]
4324	mov edx, [iBit]
4325	btr [rax], edx
4326	# else
4327	mov eax, [pvBitmap]
4328	mov edx, [iBit]
4329	btr [eax], edx
4330	# endif
4331	}
4332	# endif
4333	}
4334	#endif
4335
4336
4337	/**
4338	* Atomically clears a bit in a bitmap, ordered.
4339	*
4340	* @param pvBitmap Pointer to the bitmap. Must be 32-bit aligned, otherwise
4341	* the memory access isn't atomic!
4342	* @param iBit The bit to toggle set.
4343	*
4344	* @remarks No memory barrier, take care on smp.
4345	* @remarks x86: Requires a 386 or later.
4346	*/
4347	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL
4348	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(void) ASMAtomicBitClear(volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, int32_t iBit) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
4349	#else
4350	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicBitClear(volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, int32_t iBit) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
4351	{
4352	AssertMsg(!((uintptr_t)pvBitmap & 3), ("address %p not 32-bit aligned", pvBitmap));
4353	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
4354	__asm__ __volatile__("lock; btrl %1, %0"
4355	: "=m" ((volatile long RT_FAR )pvBitmap)
4356	: "Ir" (iBit),
4357	"m" ((volatile long RT_FAR )pvBitmap)
4358	: "memory");
4359	# else
4360	__asm
4361	{
4362	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
4363	mov rax, [pvBitmap]
4364	mov edx, [iBit]
4365	lock btr [rax], edx
4366	# else
4367	mov eax, [pvBitmap]
4368	mov edx, [iBit]
4369	lock btr [eax], edx
4370	# endif
4371	}
4372	# endif
4373	}
4374	#endif
4375
4376
4377	/**
4378	* Toggles a bit in a bitmap.
4379	*
4380	* @param pvBitmap Pointer to the bitmap.
4381	* @param iBit The bit to toggle.
4382	*
4383	* @remarks The 32-bit aligning of pvBitmap is not a strict requirement.
4384	* However, doing so will yield better performance as well as avoiding
4385	* traps accessing the last bits in the bitmap.
4386	*/
4387	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
4388	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(void) ASMBitToggle(volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, int32_t iBit) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
4389	#else
4390	DECLINLINE(void) ASMBitToggle(volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, int32_t iBit) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
4391	{
4392	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
4393	_bittestandcomplement((long RT_FAR *)pvBitmap, iBit);
4394	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
4395	__asm__ __volatile__("btcl %1, %0"
4396	: "=m" ((volatile long )pvBitmap)
4397	: "Ir" (iBit),
4398	"m" ((volatile long )pvBitmap)
4399	: "memory");
4400	# else
4401	__asm
4402	{
4403	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
4404	mov rax, [pvBitmap]
4405	mov edx, [iBit]
4406	btc [rax], edx
4407	# else
4408	mov eax, [pvBitmap]
4409	mov edx, [iBit]
4410	btc [eax], edx
4411	# endif
4412	}
4413	# endif
4414	}
4415	#endif
4416
4417
4418	/**
4419	* Atomically toggles a bit in a bitmap, ordered.
4420	*
4421	* @param pvBitmap Pointer to the bitmap. Must be 32-bit aligned, otherwise
4422	* the memory access isn't atomic!
4423	* @param iBit The bit to test and set.
4424	*
4425	* @remarks x86: Requires a 386 or later.
4426	*/
4427	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL
4428	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(void) ASMAtomicBitToggle(volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, int32_t iBit) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
4429	#else
4430	DECLINLINE(void) ASMAtomicBitToggle(volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, int32_t iBit) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
4431	{
4432	AssertMsg(!((uintptr_t)pvBitmap & 3), ("address %p not 32-bit aligned", pvBitmap));
4433	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
4434	__asm__ __volatile__("lock; btcl %1, %0"
4435	: "=m" ((volatile long RT_FAR )pvBitmap)
4436	: "Ir" (iBit),
4437	"m" ((volatile long RT_FAR )pvBitmap)
4438	: "memory");
4439	# else
4440	__asm
4441	{
4442	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
4443	mov rax, [pvBitmap]
4444	mov edx, [iBit]
4445	lock btc [rax], edx
4446	# else
4447	mov eax, [pvBitmap]
4448	mov edx, [iBit]
4449	lock btc [eax], edx
4450	# endif
4451	}
4452	# endif
4453	}
4454	#endif
4455
4456
4457	/**
4458	* Tests and sets a bit in a bitmap.
4459	*
4460	* @returns true if the bit was set.
4461	* @returns false if the bit was clear.
4462	*
4463	* @param pvBitmap Pointer to the bitmap.
4464	* @param iBit The bit to test and set.
4465	*
4466	* @remarks The 32-bit aligning of pvBitmap is not a strict requirement.
4467	* However, doing so will yield better performance as well as avoiding
4468	* traps accessing the last bits in the bitmap.
4469	*/
4470	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
4471	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(bool) ASMBitTestAndSet(volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, int32_t iBit) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
4472	#else
4473	DECLINLINE(bool) ASMBitTestAndSet(volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, int32_t iBit) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
4474	{
4475	union { bool f; uint32_t u32; uint8_t u8; } rc;
4476	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
4477	rc.u8 = _bittestandset((long RT_FAR *)pvBitmap, iBit);
4478
4479	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
4480	__asm__ __volatile__("btsl %2, %1\n\t"
4481	"setc %b0\n\t"
4482	"andl $1, %0\n\t"
4483	: "=q" (rc.u32),
4484	"=m" ((volatile long RT_FAR )pvBitmap)
4485	: "Ir" (iBit),
4486	"m" ((volatile long RT_FAR )pvBitmap)
4487	: "memory");
4488	# else
4489	__asm
4490	{
4491	mov edx, [iBit]
4492	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
4493	mov rax, [pvBitmap]
4494	bts [rax], edx
4495	# else
4496	mov eax, [pvBitmap]
4497	bts [eax], edx
4498	# endif
4499	setc al
4500	and eax, 1
4501	mov [rc.u32], eax
4502	}
4503	# endif
4504	return rc.f;
4505	}
4506	#endif
4507
4508
4509	/**
4510	* Atomically tests and sets a bit in a bitmap, ordered.
4511	*
4512	* @returns true if the bit was set.
4513	* @returns false if the bit was clear.
4514	*
4515	* @param pvBitmap Pointer to the bitmap. Must be 32-bit aligned, otherwise
4516	* the memory access isn't atomic!
4517	* @param iBit The bit to set.
4518	*
4519	* @remarks x86: Requires a 386 or later.
4520	*/
4521	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
4522	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(bool) ASMAtomicBitTestAndSet(volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, int32_t iBit) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
4523	#else
4524	DECLINLINE(bool) ASMAtomicBitTestAndSet(volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, int32_t iBit) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
4525	{
4526	union { bool f; uint32_t u32; uint8_t u8; } rc;
4527	AssertMsg(!((uintptr_t)pvBitmap & 3), ("address %p not 32-bit aligned", pvBitmap));
4528	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
4529	rc.u8 = _interlockedbittestandset((long RT_FAR *)pvBitmap, iBit);
4530	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
4531	__asm__ __volatile__("lock; btsl %2, %1\n\t"
4532	"setc %b0\n\t"
4533	"andl $1, %0\n\t"
4534	: "=q" (rc.u32),
4535	"=m" ((volatile long RT_FAR )pvBitmap)
4536	: "Ir" (iBit),
4537	"m" ((volatile long RT_FAR )pvBitmap)
4538	: "memory");
4539	# else
4540	__asm
4541	{
4542	mov edx, [iBit]
4543	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
4544	mov rax, [pvBitmap]
4545	lock bts [rax], edx
4546	# else
4547	mov eax, [pvBitmap]
4548	lock bts [eax], edx
4549	# endif
4550	setc al
4551	and eax, 1
4552	mov [rc.u32], eax
4553	}
4554	# endif
4555	return rc.f;
4556	}
4557	#endif
4558
4559
4560	/**
4561	* Tests and clears a bit in a bitmap.
4562	*
4563	* @returns true if the bit was set.
4564	* @returns false if the bit was clear.
4565	*
4566	* @param pvBitmap Pointer to the bitmap.
4567	* @param iBit The bit to test and clear.
4568	*
4569	* @remarks The 32-bit aligning of pvBitmap is not a strict requirement.
4570	* However, doing so will yield better performance as well as avoiding
4571	* traps accessing the last bits in the bitmap.
4572	*/
4573	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
4574	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(bool) ASMBitTestAndClear(volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, int32_t iBit) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
4575	#else
4576	DECLINLINE(bool) ASMBitTestAndClear(volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, int32_t iBit) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
4577	{
4578	union { bool f; uint32_t u32; uint8_t u8; } rc;
4579	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
4580	rc.u8 = _bittestandreset((long RT_FAR *)pvBitmap, iBit);
4581
4582	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
4583	__asm__ __volatile__("btrl %2, %1\n\t"
4584	"setc %b0\n\t"
4585	"andl $1, %0\n\t"
4586	: "=q" (rc.u32),
4587	"=m" ((volatile long RT_FAR )pvBitmap)
4588	: "Ir" (iBit),
4589	"m" ((volatile long RT_FAR )pvBitmap)
4590	: "memory");
4591	# else
4592	__asm
4593	{
4594	mov edx, [iBit]
4595	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
4596	mov rax, [pvBitmap]
4597	btr [rax], edx
4598	# else
4599	mov eax, [pvBitmap]
4600	btr [eax], edx
4601	# endif
4602	setc al
4603	and eax, 1
4604	mov [rc.u32], eax
4605	}
4606	# endif
4607	return rc.f;
4608	}
4609	#endif
4610
4611
4612	/**
4613	* Atomically tests and clears a bit in a bitmap, ordered.
4614	*
4615	* @returns true if the bit was set.
4616	* @returns false if the bit was clear.
4617	*
4618	* @param pvBitmap Pointer to the bitmap. Must be 32-bit aligned, otherwise
4619	* the memory access isn't atomic!
4620	* @param iBit The bit to test and clear.
4621	*
4622	* @remarks No memory barrier, take care on smp.
4623	* @remarks x86: Requires a 386 or later.
4624	*/
4625	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
4626	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(bool) ASMAtomicBitTestAndClear(volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, int32_t iBit) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
4627	#else
4628	DECLINLINE(bool) ASMAtomicBitTestAndClear(volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, int32_t iBit) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
4629	{
4630	union { bool f; uint32_t u32; uint8_t u8; } rc;
4631	AssertMsg(!((uintptr_t)pvBitmap & 3), ("address %p not 32-bit aligned", pvBitmap));
4632	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
4633	rc.u8 = _interlockedbittestandreset((long RT_FAR *)pvBitmap, iBit);
4634
4635	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
4636	__asm__ __volatile__("lock; btrl %2, %1\n\t"
4637	"setc %b0\n\t"
4638	"andl $1, %0\n\t"
4639	: "=q" (rc.u32),
4640	"=m" ((volatile long RT_FAR )pvBitmap)
4641	: "Ir" (iBit),
4642	"m" ((volatile long RT_FAR )pvBitmap)
4643	: "memory");
4644	# else
4645	__asm
4646	{
4647	mov edx, [iBit]
4648	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
4649	mov rax, [pvBitmap]
4650	lock btr [rax], edx
4651	# else
4652	mov eax, [pvBitmap]
4653	lock btr [eax], edx
4654	# endif
4655	setc al
4656	and eax, 1
4657	mov [rc.u32], eax
4658	}
4659	# endif
4660	return rc.f;
4661	}
4662	#endif
4663
4664
4665	/**
4666	* Tests and toggles a bit in a bitmap.
4667	*
4668	* @returns true if the bit was set.
4669	* @returns false if the bit was clear.
4670	*
4671	* @param pvBitmap Pointer to the bitmap.
4672	* @param iBit The bit to test and toggle.
4673	*
4674	* @remarks The 32-bit aligning of pvBitmap is not a strict requirement.
4675	* However, doing so will yield better performance as well as avoiding
4676	* traps accessing the last bits in the bitmap.
4677	*/
4678	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
4679	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(bool) ASMBitTestAndToggle(volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, int32_t iBit) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
4680	#else
4681	DECLINLINE(bool) ASMBitTestAndToggle(volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, int32_t iBit) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
4682	{
4683	union { bool f; uint32_t u32; uint8_t u8; } rc;
4684	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
4685	rc.u8 = _bittestandcomplement((long RT_FAR *)pvBitmap, iBit);
4686
4687	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
4688	__asm__ __volatile__("btcl %2, %1\n\t"
4689	"setc %b0\n\t"
4690	"andl $1, %0\n\t"
4691	: "=q" (rc.u32),
4692	"=m" ((volatile long RT_FAR )pvBitmap)
4693	: "Ir" (iBit),
4694	"m" ((volatile long RT_FAR )pvBitmap)
4695	: "memory");
4696	# else
4697	__asm
4698	{
4699	mov edx, [iBit]
4700	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
4701	mov rax, [pvBitmap]
4702	btc [rax], edx
4703	# else
4704	mov eax, [pvBitmap]
4705	btc [eax], edx
4706	# endif
4707	setc al
4708	and eax, 1
4709	mov [rc.u32], eax
4710	}
4711	# endif
4712	return rc.f;
4713	}
4714	#endif
4715
4716
4717	/**
4718	* Atomically tests and toggles a bit in a bitmap, ordered.
4719	*
4720	* @returns true if the bit was set.
4721	* @returns false if the bit was clear.
4722	*
4723	* @param pvBitmap Pointer to the bitmap. Must be 32-bit aligned, otherwise
4724	* the memory access isn't atomic!
4725	* @param iBit The bit to test and toggle.
4726	*
4727	* @remarks x86: Requires a 386 or later.
4728	*/
4729	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL
4730	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(bool) ASMAtomicBitTestAndToggle(volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, int32_t iBit) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
4731	#else
4732	DECLINLINE(bool) ASMAtomicBitTestAndToggle(volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, int32_t iBit) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
4733	{
4734	union { bool f; uint32_t u32; uint8_t u8; } rc;
4735	AssertMsg(!((uintptr_t)pvBitmap & 3), ("address %p not 32-bit aligned", pvBitmap));
4736	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
4737	__asm__ __volatile__("lock; btcl %2, %1\n\t"
4738	"setc %b0\n\t"
4739	"andl $1, %0\n\t"
4740	: "=q" (rc.u32),
4741	"=m" ((volatile long RT_FAR )pvBitmap)
4742	: "Ir" (iBit),
4743	"m" ((volatile long RT_FAR )pvBitmap)
4744	: "memory");
4745	# else
4746	__asm
4747	{
4748	mov edx, [iBit]
4749	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
4750	mov rax, [pvBitmap]
4751	lock btc [rax], edx
4752	# else
4753	mov eax, [pvBitmap]
4754	lock btc [eax], edx
4755	# endif
4756	setc al
4757	and eax, 1
4758	mov [rc.u32], eax
4759	}
4760	# endif
4761	return rc.f;
4762	}
4763	#endif
4764
4765
4766	/**
4767	* Tests if a bit in a bitmap is set.
4768	*
4769	* @returns true if the bit is set.
4770	* @returns false if the bit is clear.
4771	*
4772	* @param pvBitmap Pointer to the bitmap.
4773	* @param iBit The bit to test.
4774	*
4775	* @remarks The 32-bit aligning of pvBitmap is not a strict requirement.
4776	* However, doing so will yield better performance as well as avoiding
4777	* traps accessing the last bits in the bitmap.
4778	*/
4779	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
4780	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(bool) ASMBitTest(const volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, int32_t iBit) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
4781	#else
4782	DECLINLINE(bool) ASMBitTest(const volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, int32_t iBit) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
4783	{
4784	union { bool f; uint32_t u32; uint8_t u8; } rc;
4785	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
4786	rc.u32 = _bittest((long *)pvBitmap, iBit);
4787	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
4788
4789	__asm__ __volatile__("btl %2, %1\n\t"
4790	"setc %b0\n\t"
4791	"andl $1, %0\n\t"
4792	: "=q" (rc.u32)
4793	: "m" ((const volatile long RT_FAR )pvBitmap),
4794	"Ir" (iBit)
4795	: "memory");
4796	# else
4797	__asm
4798	{
4799	mov edx, [iBit]
4800	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
4801	mov rax, [pvBitmap]
4802	bt [rax], edx
4803	# else
4804	mov eax, [pvBitmap]
4805	bt [eax], edx
4806	# endif
4807	setc al
4808	and eax, 1
4809	mov [rc.u32], eax
4810	}
4811	# endif
4812	return rc.f;
4813	}
4814	#endif
4815
4816
4817	/**
4818	* Clears a bit range within a bitmap.
4819	*
4820	* @param pvBitmap Pointer to the bitmap.
4821	* @param iBitStart The First bit to clear.
4822	* @param iBitEnd The first bit not to clear.
4823	*/
4824	DECLINLINE(void) ASMBitClearRange(volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, int32_t iBitStart, int32_t iBitEnd) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
4825	{
4826	if (iBitStart < iBitEnd)
4827	{
4828	volatile uint32_t RT_FAR pu32 = (volatile uint32_t RT_FAR )pvBitmap + (iBitStart >> 5);
4829	int32_t iStart = iBitStart & ~31;
4830	int32_t iEnd = iBitEnd & ~31;
4831	if (iStart == iEnd)
4832	*pu32 &= ((UINT32_C(1) << (iBitStart & 31)) - 1) \| ~((UINT32_C(1) << (iBitEnd & 31)) - 1);
4833	else
4834	{
4835	/* bits in first dword. */
4836	if (iBitStart & 31)
4837	{
4838	*pu32 &= (UINT32_C(1) << (iBitStart & 31)) - 1;
4839	pu32++;
4840	iBitStart = iStart + 32;
4841	}
4842
4843	/* whole dwords. */
4844	if (iBitStart != iEnd)
4845	ASMMemZero32(pu32, ((uint32_t)iEnd - (uint32_t)iBitStart) >> 3);
4846
4847	/* bits in last dword. */
4848	if (iBitEnd & 31)
4849	{
4850	pu32 = (volatile uint32_t *)pvBitmap + (iBitEnd >> 5);
4851	*pu32 &= ~((UINT32_C(1) << (iBitEnd & 31)) - 1);
4852	}
4853	}
4854	}
4855	}
4856
4857
4858	/**
4859	* Sets a bit range within a bitmap.
4860	*
4861	* @param pvBitmap Pointer to the bitmap.
4862	* @param iBitStart The First bit to set.
4863	* @param iBitEnd The first bit not to set.
4864	*/
4865	DECLINLINE(void) ASMBitSetRange(volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, int32_t iBitStart, int32_t iBitEnd) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
4866	{
4867	if (iBitStart < iBitEnd)
4868	{
4869	volatile uint32_t RT_FAR pu32 = (volatile uint32_t RT_FAR )pvBitmap + (iBitStart >> 5);
4870	int32_t iStart = iBitStart & ~31;
4871	int32_t iEnd = iBitEnd & ~31;
4872	if (iStart == iEnd)
4873	*pu32 \|= ((UINT32_C(1) << (iBitEnd - iBitStart)) - 1) << (iBitStart & 31);
4874	else
4875	{
4876	/* bits in first dword. */
4877	if (iBitStart & 31)
4878	{
4879	*pu32 \|= ~((UINT32_C(1) << (iBitStart & 31)) - 1);
4880	pu32++;
4881	iBitStart = iStart + 32;
4882	}
4883
4884	/* whole dword. */
4885	if (iBitStart != iEnd)
4886	ASMMemFill32(pu32, ((uint32_t)iEnd - (uint32_t)iBitStart) >> 3, ~UINT32_C(0));
4887
4888	/* bits in last dword. */
4889	if (iBitEnd & 31)
4890	{
4891	pu32 = (volatile uint32_t RT_FAR *)pvBitmap + (iBitEnd >> 5);
4892	*pu32 \|= (UINT32_C(1) << (iBitEnd & 31)) - 1;
4893	}
4894	}
4895	}
4896	}
4897
4898
4899	/**
4900	* Finds the first clear bit in a bitmap.
4901	*
4902	* @returns Index of the first zero bit.
4903	* @returns -1 if no clear bit was found.
4904	* @param pvBitmap Pointer to the bitmap.
4905	* @param cBits The number of bits in the bitmap. Multiple of 32.
4906	*/
4907	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL
4908	DECLASM(int32_t) ASMBitFirstClear(const volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, uint32_t cBits) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
4909	#else
4910	DECLINLINE(int32_t) ASMBitFirstClear(const volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, uint32_t cBits) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
4911	{
4912	if (cBits)
4913	{
4914	int32_t iBit;
4915	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
4916	RTCCUINTREG uEAX, uECX, uEDI;
4917	cBits = RT_ALIGN_32(cBits, 32);
4918	__asm__ __volatile__("repe; scasl\n\t"
4919	"je 1f\n\t"
4920	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
4921	"lea -4(%%rdi), %%rdi\n\t"
4922	"xorl (%%rdi), %%eax\n\t"
4923	"subq %5, %%rdi\n\t"
4924	# else
4925	"lea -4(%%edi), %%edi\n\t"
4926	"xorl (%%edi), %%eax\n\t"
4927	"subl %5, %%edi\n\t"
4928	# endif
4929	"shll $3, %%edi\n\t"
4930	"bsfl %%eax, %%edx\n\t"
4931	"addl %%edi, %%edx\n\t"
4932	"1:\t\n"
4933	: "=d" (iBit),
4934	"=&c" (uECX),
4935	"=&D" (uEDI),
4936	"=&a" (uEAX)
4937	: "0" (0xffffffff),
4938	"mr" (pvBitmap),
4939	"1" (cBits >> 5),
4940	"2" (pvBitmap),
4941	"3" (0xffffffff));
4942	# else
4943	cBits = RT_ALIGN_32(cBits, 32);
4944	__asm
4945	{
4946	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
4947	mov rdi, [pvBitmap]
4948	mov rbx, rdi
4949	# else
4950	mov edi, [pvBitmap]
4951	mov ebx, edi
4952	# endif
4953	mov edx, 0ffffffffh
4954	mov eax, edx
4955	mov ecx, [cBits]
4956	shr ecx, 5
4957	repe scasd
4958	je done
4959
4960	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
4961	lea rdi, [rdi - 4]
4962	xor eax, [rdi]
4963	sub rdi, rbx
4964	# else
4965	lea edi, [edi - 4]
4966	xor eax, [edi]
4967	sub edi, ebx
4968	# endif
4969	shl edi, 3
4970	bsf edx, eax
4971	add edx, edi
4972	done:
4973	mov [iBit], edx
4974	}
4975	# endif
4976	return iBit;
4977	}
4978	return -1;
4979	}
4980	#endif
4981
4982
4983	/**
4984	* Finds the next clear bit in a bitmap.
4985	*
4986	* @returns Index of the first zero bit.
4987	* @returns -1 if no clear bit was found.
4988	* @param pvBitmap Pointer to the bitmap.
4989	* @param cBits The number of bits in the bitmap. Multiple of 32.
4990	* @param iBitPrev The bit returned from the last search.
4991	* The search will start at iBitPrev + 1.
4992	*/
4993	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL
4994	DECLASM(int) ASMBitNextClear(const volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, uint32_t cBits, uint32_t iBitPrev) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
4995	#else
4996	DECLINLINE(int) ASMBitNextClear(const volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, uint32_t cBits, uint32_t iBitPrev) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
4997	{
4998	const volatile uint32_t RT_FAR pau32Bitmap = (const volatile uint32_t RT_FAR )pvBitmap;
4999	int iBit = ++iBitPrev & 31;
5000	if (iBit)
5001	{
5002	/*
5003	* Inspect the 32-bit word containing the unaligned bit.
5004	*/
5005	uint32_t u32 = ~pau32Bitmap[iBitPrev / 32] >> iBit;
5006
5007	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
5008	unsigned long ulBit = 0;
5009	if (_BitScanForward(&ulBit, u32))
5010	return ulBit + iBitPrev;
5011	# else
5012	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
5013	__asm__ __volatile__("bsf %1, %0\n\t"
5014	"jnz 1f\n\t"
5015	"movl $-1, %0\n\t"
5016	"1:\n\t"
5017	: "=r" (iBit)
5018	: "r" (u32));
5019	# else
5020	__asm
5021	{
5022	mov edx, [u32]
5023	bsf eax, edx
5024	jnz done
5025	mov eax, 0ffffffffh
5026	done:
5027	mov [iBit], eax
5028	}
5029	# endif
5030	if (iBit >= 0)
5031	return iBit + (int)iBitPrev;
5032	# endif
5033
5034	/*
5035	* Skip ahead and see if there is anything left to search.
5036	*/
5037	iBitPrev \|= 31;
5038	iBitPrev++;
5039	if (cBits <= (uint32_t)iBitPrev)
5040	return -1;
5041	}
5042
5043	/*
5044	* 32-bit aligned search, let ASMBitFirstClear do the dirty work.
5045	*/
5046	iBit = ASMBitFirstClear(&pau32Bitmap[iBitPrev / 32], cBits - iBitPrev);
5047	if (iBit >= 0)
5048	iBit += iBitPrev;
5049	return iBit;
5050	}
5051	#endif
5052
5053
5054	/**
5055	* Finds the first set bit in a bitmap.
5056	*
5057	* @returns Index of the first set bit.
5058	* @returns -1 if no clear bit was found.
5059	* @param pvBitmap Pointer to the bitmap.
5060	* @param cBits The number of bits in the bitmap. Multiple of 32.
5061	*/
5062	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL
5063	DECLASM(int32_t) ASMBitFirstSet(const volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, uint32_t cBits) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
5064	#else
5065	DECLINLINE(int32_t) ASMBitFirstSet(const volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, uint32_t cBits) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
5066	{
5067	if (cBits)
5068	{
5069	int32_t iBit;
5070	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
5071	RTCCUINTREG uEAX, uECX, uEDI;
5072	cBits = RT_ALIGN_32(cBits, 32);
5073	__asm__ __volatile__("repe; scasl\n\t"
5074	"je 1f\n\t"
5075	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
5076	"lea -4(%%rdi), %%rdi\n\t"
5077	"movl (%%rdi), %%eax\n\t"
5078	"subq %5, %%rdi\n\t"
5079	# else
5080	"lea -4(%%edi), %%edi\n\t"
5081	"movl (%%edi), %%eax\n\t"
5082	"subl %5, %%edi\n\t"
5083	# endif
5084	"shll $3, %%edi\n\t"
5085	"bsfl %%eax, %%edx\n\t"
5086	"addl %%edi, %%edx\n\t"
5087	"1:\t\n"
5088	: "=d" (iBit),
5089	"=&c" (uECX),
5090	"=&D" (uEDI),
5091	"=&a" (uEAX)
5092	: "0" (0xffffffff),
5093	"mr" (pvBitmap),
5094	"1" (cBits >> 5),
5095	"2" (pvBitmap),
5096	"3" (0));
5097	# else
5098	cBits = RT_ALIGN_32(cBits, 32);
5099	__asm
5100	{
5101	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
5102	mov rdi, [pvBitmap]
5103	mov rbx, rdi
5104	# else
5105	mov edi, [pvBitmap]
5106	mov ebx, edi
5107	# endif
5108	mov edx, 0ffffffffh
5109	xor eax, eax
5110	mov ecx, [cBits]
5111	shr ecx, 5
5112	repe scasd
5113	je done
5114	# ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
5115	lea rdi, [rdi - 4]
5116	mov eax, [rdi]
5117	sub rdi, rbx
5118	# else
5119	lea edi, [edi - 4]
5120	mov eax, [edi]
5121	sub edi, ebx
5122	# endif
5123	shl edi, 3
5124	bsf edx, eax
5125	add edx, edi
5126	done:
5127	mov [iBit], edx
5128	}
5129	# endif
5130	return iBit;
5131	}
5132	return -1;
5133	}
5134	#endif
5135
5136
5137	/**
5138	* Finds the next set bit in a bitmap.
5139	*
5140	* @returns Index of the next set bit.
5141	* @returns -1 if no set bit was found.
5142	* @param pvBitmap Pointer to the bitmap.
5143	* @param cBits The number of bits in the bitmap. Multiple of 32.
5144	* @param iBitPrev The bit returned from the last search.
5145	* The search will start at iBitPrev + 1.
5146	*/
5147	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL
5148	DECLASM(int) ASMBitNextSet(const volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, uint32_t cBits, uint32_t iBitPrev) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
5149	#else
5150	DECLINLINE(int) ASMBitNextSet(const volatile void RT_FAR *pvBitmap, uint32_t cBits, uint32_t iBitPrev) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
5151	{
5152	const volatile uint32_t RT_FAR pau32Bitmap = (const volatile uint32_t RT_FAR )pvBitmap;
5153	int iBit = ++iBitPrev & 31;
5154	if (iBit)
5155	{
5156	/*
5157	* Inspect the 32-bit word containing the unaligned bit.
5158	*/
5159	uint32_t u32 = pau32Bitmap[iBitPrev / 32] >> iBit;
5160
5161	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
5162	unsigned long ulBit = 0;
5163	if (_BitScanForward(&ulBit, u32))
5164	return ulBit + iBitPrev;
5165	# else
5166	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
5167	__asm__ __volatile__("bsf %1, %0\n\t"
5168	"jnz 1f\n\t"
5169	"movl $-1, %0\n\t"
5170	"1:\n\t"
5171	: "=r" (iBit)
5172	: "r" (u32));
5173	# else
5174	__asm
5175	{
5176	mov edx, [u32]
5177	bsf eax, edx
5178	jnz done
5179	mov eax, 0ffffffffh
5180	done:
5181	mov [iBit], eax
5182	}
5183	# endif
5184	if (iBit >= 0)
5185	return iBit + (int)iBitPrev;
5186	# endif
5187
5188	/*
5189	* Skip ahead and see if there is anything left to search.
5190	*/
5191	iBitPrev \|= 31;
5192	iBitPrev++;
5193	if (cBits <= (uint32_t)iBitPrev)
5194	return -1;
5195	}
5196
5197	/*
5198	* 32-bit aligned search, let ASMBitFirstClear do the dirty work.
5199	*/
5200	iBit = ASMBitFirstSet(&pau32Bitmap[iBitPrev / 32], cBits - iBitPrev);
5201	if (iBit >= 0)
5202	iBit += iBitPrev;
5203	return iBit;
5204	}
5205	#endif
5206
5207
5208	/**
5209	* Finds the first bit which is set in the given 32-bit integer.
5210	* Bits are numbered from 1 (least significant) to 32.
5211	*
5212	* @returns index [1..32] of the first set bit.
5213	* @returns 0 if all bits are cleared.
5214	* @param u32 Integer to search for set bits.
5215	* @remarks Similar to ffs() in BSD.
5216	*/
5217	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
5218	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM_386(unsigned) ASMBitFirstSetU32(uint32_t u32) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
5219	#else
5220	DECLINLINE(unsigned) ASMBitFirstSetU32(uint32_t u32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
5221	{
5222	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
5223	unsigned long iBit;
5224	if (_BitScanForward(&iBit, u32))
5225	iBit++;
5226	else
5227	iBit = 0;
5228	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
5229	uint32_t iBit;
5230	__asm__ __volatile__("bsf %1, %0\n\t"
5231	"jnz 1f\n\t"
5232	"xorl %0, %0\n\t"
5233	"jmp 2f\n"
5234	"1:\n\t"
5235	"incl %0\n"
5236	"2:\n\t"
5237	: "=r" (iBit)
5238	: "rm" (u32));
5239	# else
5240	uint32_t iBit;
5241	_asm
5242	{
5243	bsf eax, [u32]
5244	jnz found
5245	xor eax, eax
5246	jmp done
5247	found:
5248	inc eax
5249	done:
5250	mov [iBit], eax
5251	}
5252	# endif
5253	return iBit;
5254	}
5255	#endif
5256
5257
5258	/**
5259	* Finds the first bit which is set in the given 32-bit integer.
5260	* Bits are numbered from 1 (least significant) to 32.
5261	*
5262	* @returns index [1..32] of the first set bit.
5263	* @returns 0 if all bits are cleared.
5264	* @param i32 Integer to search for set bits.
5265	* @remark Similar to ffs() in BSD.
5266	*/
5267	DECLINLINE(unsigned) ASMBitFirstSetS32(int32_t i32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
5268	{
5269	return ASMBitFirstSetU32((uint32_t)i32);
5270	}
5271
5272
5273	/**
5274	* Finds the first bit which is set in the given 64-bit integer.
5275	*
5276	* Bits are numbered from 1 (least significant) to 64.
5277	*
5278	* @returns index [1..64] of the first set bit.
5279	* @returns 0 if all bits are cleared.
5280	* @param u64 Integer to search for set bits.
5281	* @remarks Similar to ffs() in BSD.
5282	*/
5283	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
5284	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM_386(unsigned) ASMBitFirstSetU64(uint64_t u64) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
5285	#else
5286	DECLINLINE(unsigned) ASMBitFirstSetU64(uint64_t u64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
5287	{
5288	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
5289	unsigned long iBit;
5290	# if ARCH_BITS == 64
5291	if (_BitScanForward64(&iBit, u64))
5292	iBit++;
5293	else
5294	iBit = 0;
5295	# else
5296	if (_BitScanForward(&iBit, (uint32_t)u64))
5297	iBit++;
5298	else if (_BitScanForward(&iBit, (uint32_t)(u64 >> 32)))
5299	iBit += 33;
5300	else
5301	iBit = 0;
5302	# endif
5303	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE && ARCH_BITS == 64
5304	uint64_t iBit;
5305	__asm__ __volatile__("bsfq %1, %0\n\t"
5306	"jnz 1f\n\t"
5307	"xorl %k0, %k0\n\t"
5308	"jmp 2f\n"
5309	"1:\n\t"
5310	"incl %k0\n"
5311	"2:\n\t"
5312	: "=r" (iBit)
5313	: "rm" (u64));
5314	# else
5315	unsigned iBit = ASMBitFirstSetU32((uint32_t)u64);
5316	if (!iBit)
5317	{
5318	iBit = ASMBitFirstSetU32((uint32_t)(u64 >> 32));
5319	if (iBit)
5320	iBit += 32;
5321	}
5322	# endif
5323	return (unsigned)iBit;
5324	}
5325	#endif
5326
5327
5328	/**
5329	* Finds the first bit which is set in the given 16-bit integer.
5330	*
5331	* Bits are numbered from 1 (least significant) to 16.
5332	*
5333	* @returns index [1..16] of the first set bit.
5334	* @returns 0 if all bits are cleared.
5335	* @param u16 Integer to search for set bits.
5336	* @remarks For 16-bit bs3kit code.
5337	*/
5338	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
5339	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM_386(unsigned) ASMBitFirstSetU16(uint16_t u16) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
5340	#else
5341	DECLINLINE(unsigned) ASMBitFirstSetU16(uint16_t u16) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
5342	{
5343	return ASMBitFirstSetU32((uint32_t)u16);
5344	}
5345	#endif
5346
5347
5348	/**
5349	* Finds the last bit which is set in the given 32-bit integer.
5350	* Bits are numbered from 1 (least significant) to 32.
5351	*
5352	* @returns index [1..32] of the last set bit.
5353	* @returns 0 if all bits are cleared.
5354	* @param u32 Integer to search for set bits.
5355	* @remark Similar to fls() in BSD.
5356	*/
5357	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
5358	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM_386(unsigned) ASMBitLastSetU32(uint32_t u32) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
5359	#else
5360	DECLINLINE(unsigned) ASMBitLastSetU32(uint32_t u32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
5361	{
5362	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
5363	unsigned long iBit;
5364	if (_BitScanReverse(&iBit, u32))
5365	iBit++;
5366	else
5367	iBit = 0;
5368	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
5369	uint32_t iBit;
5370	__asm__ __volatile__("bsrl %1, %0\n\t"
5371	"jnz 1f\n\t"
5372	"xorl %0, %0\n\t"
5373	"jmp 2f\n"
5374	"1:\n\t"
5375	"incl %0\n"
5376	"2:\n\t"
5377	: "=r" (iBit)
5378	: "rm" (u32));
5379	# else
5380	uint32_t iBit;
5381	_asm
5382	{
5383	bsr eax, [u32]
5384	jnz found
5385	xor eax, eax
5386	jmp done
5387	found:
5388	inc eax
5389	done:
5390	mov [iBit], eax
5391	}
5392	# endif
5393	return iBit;
5394	}
5395	#endif
5396
5397
5398	/**
5399	* Finds the last bit which is set in the given 32-bit integer.
5400	* Bits are numbered from 1 (least significant) to 32.
5401	*
5402	* @returns index [1..32] of the last set bit.
5403	* @returns 0 if all bits are cleared.
5404	* @param i32 Integer to search for set bits.
5405	* @remark Similar to fls() in BSD.
5406	*/
5407	DECLINLINE(unsigned) ASMBitLastSetS32(int32_t i32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
5408	{
5409	return ASMBitLastSetU32((uint32_t)i32);
5410	}
5411
5412
5413	/**
5414	* Finds the last bit which is set in the given 64-bit integer.
5415	*
5416	* Bits are numbered from 1 (least significant) to 64.
5417	*
5418	* @returns index [1..64] of the last set bit.
5419	* @returns 0 if all bits are cleared.
5420	* @param u64 Integer to search for set bits.
5421	* @remark Similar to fls() in BSD.
5422	*/
5423	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
5424	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM_386(unsigned) ASMBitLastSetU64(uint64_t u64) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
5425	#else
5426	DECLINLINE(unsigned) ASMBitLastSetU64(uint64_t u64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
5427	{
5428	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
5429	unsigned long iBit;
5430	# if ARCH_BITS == 64
5431	if (_BitScanReverse64(&iBit, u64))
5432	iBit++;
5433	else
5434	iBit = 0;
5435	# else
5436	if (_BitScanReverse(&iBit, (uint32_t)(u64 >> 32)))
5437	iBit += 33;
5438	else if (_BitScanReverse(&iBit, (uint32_t)u64))
5439	iBit++;
5440	else
5441	iBit = 0;
5442	# endif
5443	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE && ARCH_BITS == 64
5444	uint64_t iBit;
5445	__asm__ __volatile__("bsrq %1, %0\n\t"
5446	"jnz 1f\n\t"
5447	"xorl %k0, %k0\n\t"
5448	"jmp 2f\n"
5449	"1:\n\t"
5450	"incl %k0\n"
5451	"2:\n\t"
5452	: "=r" (iBit)
5453	: "rm" (u64));
5454	# else
5455	unsigned iBit = ASMBitLastSetU32((uint32_t)(u64 >> 32));
5456	if (iBit)
5457	iBit += 32;
5458	else
5459	iBit = ASMBitLastSetU32((uint32_t)u64);
5460	#endif
5461	return (unsigned)iBit;
5462	}
5463	#endif
5464
5465
5466	/**
5467	* Finds the last bit which is set in the given 16-bit integer.
5468	*
5469	* Bits are numbered from 1 (least significant) to 16.
5470	*
5471	* @returns index [1..16] of the last set bit.
5472	* @returns 0 if all bits are cleared.
5473	* @param u16 Integer to search for set bits.
5474	* @remarks For 16-bit bs3kit code.
5475	*/
5476	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
5477	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM_386(unsigned) ASMBitLastSetU16(uint16_t u16) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
5478	#else
5479	DECLINLINE(unsigned) ASMBitLastSetU16(uint16_t u16) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
5480	{
5481	return ASMBitLastSetU32((uint32_t)u16);
5482	}
5483	#endif
5484
5485
5486	/**
5487	* Reverse the byte order of the given 16-bit integer.
5488	*
5489	* @returns Revert
5490	* @param u16 16-bit integer value.
5491	*/
5492	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
5493	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(uint16_t) ASMByteSwapU16(uint16_t u16) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
5494	#else
5495	DECLINLINE(uint16_t) ASMByteSwapU16(uint16_t u16) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
5496	{
5497	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
5498	u16 = _byteswap_ushort(u16);
5499	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
5500	__asm__ ("rorw $8, %0" : "=r" (u16) : "0" (u16));
5501	# else
5502	_asm
5503	{
5504	mov ax, [u16]
5505	ror ax, 8
5506	mov [u16], ax
5507	}
5508	# endif
5509	return u16;
5510	}
5511	#endif
5512
5513
5514	/**
5515	* Reverse the byte order of the given 32-bit integer.
5516	*
5517	* @returns Revert
5518	* @param u32 32-bit integer value.
5519	*/
5520	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL && !RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
5521	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(uint32_t) ASMByteSwapU32(uint32_t u32) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
5522	#else
5523	DECLINLINE(uint32_t) ASMByteSwapU32(uint32_t u32) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
5524	{
5525	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
5526	u32 = _byteswap_ulong(u32);
5527	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
5528	__asm__ ("bswapl %0" : "=r" (u32) : "0" (u32));
5529	# else
5530	_asm
5531	{
5532	mov eax, [u32]
5533	bswap eax
5534	mov [u32], eax
5535	}
5536	# endif
5537	return u32;
5538	}
5539	#endif
5540
5541
5542	/**
5543	* Reverse the byte order of the given 64-bit integer.
5544	*
5545	* @returns Revert
5546	* @param u64 64-bit integer value.
5547	*/
5548	DECLINLINE(uint64_t) ASMByteSwapU64(uint64_t u64) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
5549	{
5550	#if defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64) && RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
5551	u64 = _byteswap_uint64(u64);
5552	#else
5553	u64 = (uint64_t)ASMByteSwapU32((uint32_t)u64) << 32
5554	\| (uint64_t)ASMByteSwapU32((uint32_t)(u64 >> 32));
5555	#endif
5556	return u64;
5557	}
5558
5559
5560	/**
5561	* Rotate 32-bit unsigned value to the left by @a cShift.
5562	*
5563	* @returns Rotated value.
5564	* @param u32 The value to rotate.
5565	* @param cShift How many bits to rotate by.
5566	*/
5567	#ifdef __WATCOMC__
5568	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(uint32_t) ASMRotateLeftU32(uint32_t u32, unsigned cShift) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
5569	#else
5570	DECLINLINE(uint32_t) ASMRotateLeftU32(uint32_t u32, uint32_t cShift) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
5571	{
5572	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
5573	return _rotl(u32, cShift);
5574	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE && (defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64) \|\| defined(RT_ARCH_X86))
5575	__asm__ __volatile__("roll %b1, %0" : "=g" (u32) : "Ic" (cShift), "0" (u32));
5576	return u32;
5577	# else
5578	cShift &= 31;
5579	return (u32 << cShift) \| (u32 >> (32 - cShift));
5580	# endif
5581	}
5582	#endif
5583
5584
5585	/**
5586	* Rotate 32-bit unsigned value to the right by @a cShift.
5587	*
5588	* @returns Rotated value.
5589	* @param u32 The value to rotate.
5590	* @param cShift How many bits to rotate by.
5591	*/
5592	#ifdef __WATCOMC__
5593	RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(uint32_t) ASMRotateRightU32(uint32_t u32, unsigned cShift) RT_NOTHROW_PROTO;
5594	#else
5595	DECLINLINE(uint32_t) ASMRotateRightU32(uint32_t u32, uint32_t cShift) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
5596	{
5597	# if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
5598	return _rotr(u32, cShift);
5599	# elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE && (defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64) \|\| defined(RT_ARCH_X86))
5600	__asm__ __volatile__("rorl %b1, %0" : "=g" (u32) : "Ic" (cShift), "0" (u32));
5601	return u32;
5602	# else
5603	cShift &= 31;
5604	return (u32 >> cShift) \| (u32 << (32 - cShift));
5605	# endif
5606	}
5607	#endif
5608
5609
5610	/**
5611	* Rotate 64-bit unsigned value to the left by @a cShift.
5612	*
5613	* @returns Rotated value.
5614	* @param u64 The value to rotate.
5615	* @param cShift How many bits to rotate by.
5616	*/
5617	DECLINLINE(uint64_t) ASMRotateLeftU64(uint64_t u64, uint32_t cShift) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
5618	{
5619	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
5620	return _rotl64(u64, cShift);
5621	#elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE && defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64)
5622	__asm__ __volatile__("rolq %b1, %0" : "=g" (u64) : "Jc" (cShift), "0" (u64));
5623	return u64;
5624	#elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE && defined(RT_ARCH_X86)
5625	uint32_t uSpill;
5626	__asm__ __volatile__("testb $0x20, %%cl\n\t" /* if (cShift >= 0x20) { swap(u64.hi, u64lo); cShift -= 0x20; } */
5627	"jz 1f\n\t"
5628	"xchgl %%eax, %%edx\n\t"
5629	"1:\n\t"
5630	"andb $0x1f, %%cl\n\t" /* if (cShift & 0x1f) { */
5631	"jz 2f\n\t"
5632	"movl %%edx, %2\n\t" /* save the hi value in %3. */
5633	"shldl %%cl,%%eax,%%edx\n\t" /* shift the hi value left, feeding MSBits from the low value. */
5634	"shldl %%cl,%2,%%eax\n\t" /* shift the lo value left, feeding MSBits from the saved hi value. */
5635	"2:\n\t" /* } */
5636	: "=A" (u64), "=c" (cShift), "=r" (uSpill)
5637	: "0" (u64),
5638	"1" (cShift));
5639	return u64;
5640	#else
5641	cShift &= 63;
5642	return (u64 << cShift) \| (u64 >> (64 - cShift));
5643	#endif
5644	}
5645
5646
5647	/**
5648	* Rotate 64-bit unsigned value to the right by @a cShift.
5649	*
5650	* @returns Rotated value.
5651	* @param u64 The value to rotate.
5652	* @param cShift How many bits to rotate by.
5653	*/
5654	DECLINLINE(uint64_t) ASMRotateRightU64(uint64_t u64, uint32_t cShift) RT_NOTHROW_DEF
5655	{
5656	#if RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
5657	return _rotr64(u64, cShift);
5658	#elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE && defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64)
5659	__asm__ __volatile__("rorq %b1, %0" : "=g" (u64) : "Jc" (cShift), "0" (u64));
5660	return u64;
5661	#elif RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE && defined(RT_ARCH_X86)
5662	uint32_t uSpill;
5663	__asm__ __volatile__("testb $0x20, %%cl\n\t" /* if (cShift >= 0x20) { swap(u64.hi, u64lo); cShift -= 0x20; } */
5664	"jz 1f\n\t"
5665	"xchgl %%eax, %%edx\n\t"
5666	"1:\n\t"
5667	"andb $0x1f, %%cl\n\t" /* if (cShift & 0x1f) { */
5668	"jz 2f\n\t"
5669	"movl %%edx, %2\n\t" /* save the hi value in %3. */
5670	"shrdl %%cl,%%eax,%%edx\n\t" /* shift the hi value right, feeding LSBits from the low value. */
5671	"shrdl %%cl,%2,%%eax\n\t" /* shift the lo value right, feeding LSBits from the saved hi value. */
5672	"2:\n\t" /* } */
5673	: "=A" (u64), "=c" (cShift), "=r" (uSpill)
5674	: "0" (u64),
5675	"1" (cShift));
5676	return u64;
5677	#else
5678	cShift &= 63;
5679	return (u64 >> cShift) \| (u64 << (64 - cShift));
5680	#endif
5681	}
5682
5683	/** @} */
5684
5685
5686	/** @} */
5687
5688	/*
5689	* Include #pragma aux definitions for Watcom C/C++.
5690	*/
5691	#if defined(__WATCOMC__) && ARCH_BITS == 16 && defined(RT_ARCH_X86)
5692	# define IPRT_ASM_WATCOM_X86_16_WITH_PRAGMAS
5693	# undef IPRT_INCLUDED_asm_watcom_x86_16_h
5694	# include "asm-watcom-x86-16.h"
5695	#elif defined(__WATCOMC__) && ARCH_BITS == 32 && defined(RT_ARCH_X86)
5696	# define IPRT_ASM_WATCOM_X86_32_WITH_PRAGMAS
5697	# undef IPRT_INCLUDED_asm_watcom_x86_32_h
5698	# include "asm-watcom-x86-32.h"
5699	#endif
5700
5701	#endif /* !IPRT_INCLUDED_asm_h */
5702

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