| 1 | ; $Id: bs3-bootsector.asm 60676 2016-04-24 11:04:57Z vboxsync $
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| 2 | ;; @file
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| 3 | ; Generic bootsector for BS3.
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| 4 | ;
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| 5 | ; This sets up stack at %fff0 and loads the next sectors from the floppy at
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| 6 | ; %10000 (1000:0000 in real mode), then starts executing at cs:ip=1000:0000.
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| 7 | ;
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| 8 |
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| 9 | ;
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| 10 | ; Copyright (C) 2007-2016 Oracle Corporation
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| 11 | ;
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| 12 | ; This file is part of VirtualBox Open Source Edition (OSE), as
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| 13 | ; available from http://www.virtualbox.org. This file is free software;
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| 14 | ; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
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| 15 | ; General Public License (GPL) as published by the Free Software
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| 16 | ; Foundation, in version 2 as it comes in the "COPYING" file of the
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| 17 | ; VirtualBox OSE distribution. VirtualBox OSE is distributed in the
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| 18 | ; hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY of any kind.
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| 19 | ;
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| 20 | ; The contents of this file may alternatively be used under the terms
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| 21 | ; of the Common Development and Distribution License Version 1.0
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| 22 | ; (CDDL) only, as it comes in the "COPYING.CDDL" file of the
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| 23 | ; VirtualBox OSE distribution, in which case the provisions of the
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| 24 | ; CDDL are applicable instead of those of the GPL.
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| 25 | ;
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| 26 | ; You may elect to license modified versions of this file under the
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| 27 | ; terms and conditions of either the GPL or the CDDL or both.
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| 28 | ;
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| 29 |
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| 30 |
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| 31 |
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| 32 | ;*********************************************************************************************************************************
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| 33 | ;* Header Files *
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| 34 | ;*********************************************************************************************************************************
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| 35 | %include "bs3kit.mac"
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| 36 | %include "iprt/asmdefs.mac"
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| 37 | %include "iprt/x86.mac"
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| 38 |
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| 39 |
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| 40 | %ifdef __YASM__
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| 41 | [map all]
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| 42 | %endif
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| 43 |
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| 44 | ;
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| 45 | ; Start with a jump just to follow the convention.
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| 46 | ; Also declare all segments/sections to establish them and their order.
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| 47 | ;
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| 48 | ORG 07c00h
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| 49 |
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| 50 | BITS 16
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| 51 | CPU 8086
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| 52 | start:
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| 53 | jmp short bs3InitCode
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| 54 | db 0ah ; Should be nop, but this looks better.
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| 55 | g_OemId: ; 003h
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| 56 | db 'BS3Kit', 0ah, 0ah
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| 57 |
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| 58 | ;
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| 59 | ; DOS 4.0 Extended Bios Parameter Block:
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| 60 | ;
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| 61 | g_cBytesPerSector: ; 00bh
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| 62 | dw 512
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| 63 | g_cSectorsPerCluster: ; 00dh
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| 64 | db 1
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| 65 | g_cReservedSectors: ; 00eh
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| 66 | dw 1
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| 67 | g_cFATs: ; 010h
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| 68 | db 0
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| 69 | g_cRootDirEntries: ; 011h
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| 70 | dw 0
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| 71 | g_cTotalSectors: ; 013h
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| 72 | dw 0
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| 73 | g_bMediaDescriptor: ; 015h
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| 74 | db 0
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| 75 | g_cSectorsPerFAT: ; 016h
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| 76 | dw 0
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| 77 | g_cPhysSectorsPerTrack: ; 018h
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| 78 | dw 18
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| 79 | g_cHeads: ; 01ah
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| 80 | dw 2
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| 81 | g_cHiddentSectors: ; 01ch
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| 82 | dd 1
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| 83 | g_cLargeTotalSectors: ; 020h - We (ab)use this to indicate the number of sectors to load.
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| 84 | dd 0
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| 85 | g_bBootDrv: ; 024h
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| 86 | db 80h
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| 87 | g_bFlagsEtc: ; 025h
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| 88 | db 0
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| 89 | g_bExtendedSignature: ; 026h
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| 90 | db 0x29
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| 91 | g_dwSerialNumber: ; 027h
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| 92 | dd 0x0a458634
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| 93 | g_abLabel: ; 02bh
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| 94 | db 'VirtualBox', 0ah
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| 95 | g_abFSType: ; 036h
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| 96 | db 'RawCode', 0ah
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| 97 | g_BpbEnd: ; 03ch
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| 98 |
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| 99 |
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| 100 | ;
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| 101 | ; Where to real init code starts.
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| 102 | ;
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| 103 | bs3InitCode:
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| 104 | cli
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| 105 |
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| 106 | ; save the registers.
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| 107 | mov [cs:BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.rax], ax
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| 108 | mov [cs:BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.rsp], sp
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| 109 | mov [cs:BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.ss], ss
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| 110 | mov [cs:BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.ds], ds
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| 111 |
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| 112 | ; set up the segment reisters and stack.
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| 113 | mov ax, 0
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| 114 | mov ds, ax
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| 115 | mov ss, ax
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| 116 | mov sp, BS3_ADDR_STACK
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| 117 |
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| 118 | ; Save more registers, without needing cs prefix.
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| 119 | mov [BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.rcx], cx
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| 120 | mov [BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.rdi], di
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| 121 | mov [BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.es], es
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| 122 | mov [BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.rbp], bp
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| 123 |
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| 124 | ; Load es and setup bp frame.
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| 125 | mov es, ax
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| 126 | mov bp, sp
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| 127 | mov [bp], ax ; clear the first 8 bytes (terminates the ebp chain)
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| 128 | mov [bp + 02h], ax
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| 129 | mov [bp + 04h], ax
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| 130 | mov [bp + 06h], ax
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| 131 |
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| 132 | ; Save flags now that we know that there's a valid stack.
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| 133 | pushf
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| 134 |
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| 135 | ;
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| 136 | ; Clear the register area.
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| 137 | ;
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| 138 | mov di, BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE
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| 139 | mov cx, BS3REGCTX_size/2
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| 140 | cld
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| 141 | rep stosw
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| 142 |
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| 143 | ;
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| 144 | ; Do basic CPU detection.
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| 145 | ;
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| 146 |
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| 147 | ; 1. bit 15-bit was fixed to 1 in pre-286 CPUs, and fixed to 0 in 286+.
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| 148 | mov ax, [bp - 2]
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| 149 | test ah, 080h ; always set on pre 286, clear on 286 and later
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| 150 | jnz .pre_80286
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| 151 |
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| 152 | ; 2. On a 286 you cannot popf IOPL and NT from real mode.
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| 153 | .detect_286_or_386plus:
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| 154 | CPU 286
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| 155 | mov ah, (X86_EFL_IOPL | X86_EFL_NT) >> 8
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| 156 | push ax
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| 157 | popf
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| 158 | pushf
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| 159 | cmp ah, [bp - 3]
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| 160 | pop ax
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| 161 | je .is_386plus
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| 162 | .is_80286:
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| 163 | CPU 286
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| 164 | smsw [BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.cr0]
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| 165 | .pre_80286:
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| 166 | CPU 8086
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| 167 | mov [BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.rbx], bx
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| 168 | mov [BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.rdx], dx
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| 169 | mov [BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.rsi], si
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| 170 | jmp .do_load
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| 171 |
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| 172 | ; Save 386 registers. We can now skip the CS prefix as DS is flat.
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| 173 | CPU 386
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| 174 | .is_386plus:
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| 175 | shr eax, 16
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| 176 | mov [BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.rax+2], ax
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| 177 | mov eax, esp
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| 178 | shr eax, 16
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| 179 | mov [BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.rsp+2], ax
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| 180 | mov eax, ebp
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| 181 | shr eax, 16
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| 182 | mov [BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.rbp+2], ax
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| 183 | shr edi, 16
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| 184 | mov [BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.rdi+2], di
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| 185 | shr ecx, 16
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| 186 | mov [BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.rcx+2], cx
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| 187 | mov [BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.fs], fs
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| 188 | mov [BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.gs], gs
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| 189 | mov [BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.rbx], ebx
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| 190 | mov [BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.rdx], edx
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| 191 | mov [BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.rsi], esi
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| 192 | mov eax, cr2
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| 193 | mov [BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.cr2], eax
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| 194 | mov eax, cr3
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| 195 | mov [BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.cr3], eax
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| 196 | mov byte [BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.bMode], BS3_MODE_RM
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| 197 | mov [cs:BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.cs], cs
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| 198 | xor eax, eax
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| 199 | mov ax, start
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| 200 | mov [cs:BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.rip], eax
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| 201 |
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| 202 | ; Pentium/486+: CR4 requires VME/CPUID, so we need to detect that before accessing it.
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| 203 | mov [cs:BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.cr4], eax
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| 204 | popf ; (restores IOPL+NT)
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| 205 | pushfd
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| 206 | pop eax
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| 207 | mov [BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.rflags], eax
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| 208 | xor eax, X86_EFL_ID
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| 209 | push eax
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| 210 | popfd
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| 211 | pushfd
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| 212 | pop ebx
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| 213 | cmp ebx, eax
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| 214 | jne .no_cr4
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| 215 | mov eax, cr4
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| 216 | mov [BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.cr4], eax
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| 217 | .no_cr4:
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| 218 | ; Make sure caching is enabled and alignment is off.
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| 219 | mov eax, cr0
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| 220 | mov [BS3_ADDR_REG_SAVE + BS3REGCTX.cr0], eax
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| 221 | and eax, ~(X86_CR0_NW | X86_CR0_CD | X86_CR0_AM)
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| 222 | mov cr0, eax
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| 223 |
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| 224 | ; Load all the code.
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| 225 | .do_load
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| 226 | mov [g_bBootDrv], dl
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| 227 | call NAME(bs3InitLoadImage)
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| 228 | %if 0
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| 229 | mov al, '='
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| 230 | call NAME(bs3PrintChrInAl)
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| 231 | %endif
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| 232 |
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| 233 | ;
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| 234 | ; Call the user 'main' procedure (shouldn't return).
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| 235 | ;
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| 236 | cld
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| 237 | call BS3_SEL_TEXT16:0000h
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| 238 |
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| 239 | ; Panic/hang.
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| 240 | Bs3Panic:
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| 241 | cli
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| 242 | jmp Bs3Panic
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| 243 |
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| 244 |
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| 245 | ;; For debug and error handling.
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| 246 | ; @uses ax
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| 247 | bs3PrintHexInAl:
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| 248 | CPU 286
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| 249 | push ax
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| 250 | shr al, 4
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| 251 | call bs3PrintHexDigitInAl
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| 252 | pop ax
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| 253 | bs3PrintHexDigitInAl:
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| 254 | and al, 0fh
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| 255 | cmp al, 10
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| 256 | jb .decimal
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| 257 | add al, 'a' - '0' - 10
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| 258 | .decimal:
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| 259 | add al, '0'
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| 260 | bs3PrintChrInAl:
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| 261 | push bx
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| 262 | mov ah, 0eh
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| 263 | mov bx, 0ff00h
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| 264 | int 10h
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| 265 | pop bx
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| 266 | ret
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| 267 |
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| 268 |
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| 269 | ;;
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| 270 | ; Loads the image off the floppy.
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| 271 | ;
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| 272 | ; This uses g_cLargeTotalSectors to figure out how much to load.
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| 273 | ;
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| 274 | ; Clobbers everything except ebp and esp. Panics on failure.
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| 275 | ;
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| 276 | ; @param dl The boot drive number (from BIOS).
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| 277 | ; @uses ax, cx, bx, esi, di
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| 278 | ;
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| 279 | BEGINPROC bs3InitLoadImage
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| 280 | push bp
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| 281 | mov bp, sp
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| 282 | push es
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| 283 | %define bSavedDiskNo byte [bp - 04h]
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| 284 | push dx
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| 285 | %define bMaxSector byte [bp - 06h]
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| 286 | xor ax, ax
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| 287 | push ax
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| 288 | %define bMaxHead byte [bp - 08h]
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| 289 | push ax
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| 290 | %define bMaxCylinder byte [bp - 0ah]
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| 291 | push ax
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| 292 |
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| 293 | ;
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| 294 | ; Try figure the geometry.
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| 295 | ;
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| 296 | mov ah, 08h
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| 297 | int 13h
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| 298 | jc .failure
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| 299 | mov bMaxSector, cl
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| 300 | mov bMaxHead, dh
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| 301 | mov bMaxCylinder, ch
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| 302 | mov dl, bSavedDiskNo
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| 303 |
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| 304 | ;
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| 305 | ; Reload all the sectors one at a time (avoids problems).
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| 306 | ;
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| 307 | mov si, [g_cLargeTotalSectors] ; 16-bit sector count ==> max 512 * 65 535 = 33 553 920 bytes.
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| 308 | dec si
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| 309 | mov di, BS3_ADDR_LOAD / 16 ; The current load segment.
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| 310 | mov cx, 0002h ; ch/cylinder=0 (0-based); cl/sector=2 (1-based)
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| 311 | xor dh, dh ; dh/head=0
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| 312 | .the_load_loop:
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| 313 | %if 0
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| 314 | mov al, 'c'
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| 315 | call bs3PrintChrInAl
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| 316 | mov al, ch
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| 317 | call bs3PrintHexInAl
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| 318 | mov al, 's'
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| 319 | call bs3PrintChrInAl
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| 320 | mov al, cl
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| 321 | call bs3PrintHexInAl
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| 322 | mov al, 'h'
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| 323 | call bs3PrintChrInAl
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| 324 | mov al, dh
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| 325 | call bs3PrintHexInAl
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| 326 | mov al, ';'
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| 327 | call bs3PrintChrInAl
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| 328 | %endif
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| 329 | xor bx, bx
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| 330 | mov es, di ; es:bx -> buffer
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| 331 | mov ax, 0201h ; al=1 sector; ah=read function
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| 332 | int 13h
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| 333 | jc .failure
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| 334 |
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| 335 | ; advance to the next sector/head/cylinder.
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| 336 | inc cl
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| 337 | cmp cl, bMaxSector
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| 338 | jbe .adv_addr
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| 339 |
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| 340 | mov cl, 1
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| 341 | inc dh
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| 342 | cmp dh, bMaxHead
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| 343 | jbe .adv_addr
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| 344 |
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| 345 | mov dh, 0
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| 346 | inc ch
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| 347 |
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| 348 | .adv_addr:
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| 349 | add di, 512 / 16
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| 350 | dec si
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| 351 | jnz .the_load_loop
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| 352 | %if 0
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| 353 | mov al, 'D'
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| 354 | call bs3PrintChrInAl
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| 355 | %endif
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| 356 |
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| 357 | add sp, 3*2
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| 358 | pop dx
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| 359 | pop es
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| 360 | pop bp
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| 361 | ret
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| 362 |
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| 363 | ;
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| 364 | ; Something went wrong, display a message.
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| 365 | ;
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| 366 | .failure:
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| 367 | push ax
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| 368 |
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| 369 | ; print message
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| 370 | mov si, .s_szErrMsg
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| 371 | .failure_next_char:
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| 372 | lodsb
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| 373 | call bs3PrintChrInAl
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| 374 | cmp si, .s_szErrMsgEnd
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| 375 | jb .failure_next_char
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| 376 |
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| 377 | ; panic
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| 378 | pop ax
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| 379 | %if 1
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| 380 | mov al, ah
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| 381 | push bs3PrintHexInAl
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| 382 | %endif
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| 383 | call Bs3Panic
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| 384 | .s_szErrMsg:
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| 385 | db 13, 10, 'rd err! '
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| 386 | .s_szErrMsgEnd:
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| 387 | ;ENDPROC bs3InitLoadImage - don't want the padding.
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| 388 |
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| 389 |
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| 390 | ;
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| 391 | ; Pad the remainder of the sector with int3's and end it with the DOS signature.
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| 392 | ;
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| 393 | bs3Padding:
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| 394 | times ( 510 - ( (bs3Padding - start) % 512 ) ) db 0cch
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| 395 | db 055h, 0aah
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| 396 |
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