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| 10 | </style><title>FAQ</title></head><body bgcolor="#8b7765" text="#000000" link="#a06060" vlink="#000000"><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"><tr><td width="120"><a href="http://swpat.ffii.org/"><img src="epatents.png" alt="Action against software patents" /></a></td><td width="180"><a href="http://www.gnome.org/"><img src="gnome2.png" alt="Gnome2 Logo" /></a><a href="http://www.w3.org/Status"><img src="w3c.png" alt="W3C Logo" /></a><a href="http://www.redhat.com/"><img src="redhat.gif" alt="Red Hat Logo" /></a><div align="left"><a href="http://xmlsoft.org/"><img src="Libxml2-Logo-180x168.gif" alt="Made with Libxml2 Logo" /></a></div></td><td><table border="0" width="90%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" bgcolor="#000000"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3" bgcolor="#fffacd"><tr><td align="center"><h1>The XML C parser and toolkit of Gnome</h1><h2>FAQ</h2></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="100%" align="center"><tr><td bgcolor="#8b7765"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr><td valign="top" width="200" bgcolor="#8b7765"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%" bgcolor="#000000"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td colspan="1" bgcolor="#eecfa1" align="center"><center><b>Main Menu</b></center></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#fffacd"><form action="search.php" enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" method="get"><input name="query" type="text" size="20" value="" /><input name="submit" type="submit" value="Search ..." /></form><ul><li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="html/index.html">Reference Manual</a></li><li><a href="intro.html">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="FAQ.html">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="docs.html" style="font-weight:bold">Developer Menu</a></li><li><a href="bugs.html">Reporting bugs and getting help</a></li><li><a href="help.html">How to help</a></li><li><a href="downloads.html">Downloads</a></li><li><a href="news.html">Releases</a></li><li><a href="XMLinfo.html">XML</a></li><li><a href="XSLT.html">XSLT</a></li><li><a href="xmldtd.html">Validation & DTDs</a></li><li><a href="encoding.html">Encodings support</a></li><li><a href="catalog.html">Catalog support</a></li><li><a href="namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></li><li><a href="contribs.html">Contributions</a></li><li><a href="examples/index.html" style="font-weight:bold">Code Examples</a></li><li><a href="html/index.html" style="font-weight:bold">API Menu</a></li><li><a href="guidelines.html">XML Guidelines</a></li><li><a href="ChangeLog.html">Recent Changes</a></li></ul></td></tr></table><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td colspan="1" bgcolor="#eecfa1" align="center"><center><b>Related links</b></center></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#fffacd"><ul><li><a href="http://mail.gnome.org/archives/xml/">Mail archive</a></li><li><a href="http://xmlsoft.org/XSLT/">XSLT libxslt</a></li><li><a href="http://phd.cs.unibo.it/gdome2/">DOM gdome2</a></li><li><a href="http://www.aleksey.com/xmlsec/">XML-DSig xmlsec</a></li><li><a href="ftp://xmlsoft.org/">FTP</a></li><li><a href="http://www.zlatkovic.com/projects/libxml/">Windows binaries</a></li><li><a href="http://opencsw.org/packages/libxml2">Solaris binaries</a></li><li><a href="http://www.explain.com.au/oss/libxml2xslt.html">MacOsX binaries</a></li><li><a href="http://lxml.de/">lxml Python bindings</a></li><li><a href="http://cpan.uwinnipeg.ca/dist/XML-LibXML">Perl bindings</a></li><li><a href="http://libxmlplusplus.sourceforge.net/">C++ bindings</a></li><li><a href="http://www.zend.com/php5/articles/php5-xmlphp.php#Heading4">PHP bindings</a></li><li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/libxml2-pas/">Pascal bindings</a></li><li><a href="http://libxml.rubyforge.org/">Ruby bindings</a></li><li><a href="http://tclxml.sourceforge.net/">Tcl bindings</a></li><li><a href="http://bugzilla.gnome.org/buglist.cgi?product=libxml2">Bug Tracker</a></li></ul></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td><td valign="top" bgcolor="#8b7765"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%"><tr><td><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%" bgcolor="#000000"><tr><td><table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" width="100%"><tr><td bgcolor="#fffacd"><p>Table of Contents:</p><ul>
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| 11 | <li><a href="FAQ.html#License">License(s)</a></li>
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| 12 | <li><a href="FAQ.html#Installati">Installation</a></li>
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| 13 | <li><a href="FAQ.html#Compilatio">Compilation</a></li>
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| 14 | <li><a href="FAQ.html#Developer">Developer corner</a></li>
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| 15 | </ul><h3><a name="License" id="License">License</a>(s)</h3><ol>
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| 16 | <li><em>Licensing Terms for libxml</em>
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| 17 | <p>libxml2 is released under the <a href="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html">MIT
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| 18 | License</a>; see the file Copyright in the distribution for the precise
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| 19 | wording</p>
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| 20 | </li>
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| 21 | <li><em>Can I embed libxml2 in a proprietary application ?</em>
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| 22 | <p>Yes. The MIT License allows you to keep proprietary the changes you
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| 23 | made to libxml, but it would be graceful to send-back bug fixes and
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| 24 | improvements as patches for possible incorporation in the main
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| 25 | development tree.</p>
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| 26 | </li>
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| 27 | </ol><h3><a name="Installati" id="Installati">Installation</a></h3><ol>
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| 28 | <li><strong><span style="background-color: #FF0000">Do Not Use
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| 29 | libxml1</span></strong>, use libxml2</li>
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| 30 | <p></p>
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| 31 | <li><em>Where can I get libxml</em> ?
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| 32 | <p>The original distribution comes from <a href="ftp://xmlsoft.org/libxml2/">xmlsoft.org</a> or <a href="ftp://ftp.gnome.org/pub/GNOME/sources/libxml2/2.6/">gnome.org</a></p>
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| 33 | <p>Most Linux and BSD distributions include libxml, this is probably the
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| 34 | safer way for end-users to use libxml.</p>
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| 35 | <p>David Doolin provides precompiled Windows versions at <a href="http://www.ce.berkeley.edu/~doolin/code/libxmlwin32/ ">http://www.ce.berkeley.edu/~doolin/code/libxmlwin32/</a></p>
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| 36 | </li>
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| 37 | <p></p>
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| 38 | <li><em>I see libxml and libxml2 releases, which one should I install ?</em>
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| 39 | <ul>
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| 40 | <li>If you are not constrained by backward compatibility issues with
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| 41 | existing applications, install libxml2 only</li>
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| 42 | <li>If you are not doing development, you can safely install both.
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| 43 | Usually the packages <a href="http://rpmfind.net/linux/RPM/libxml.html">libxml</a> and <a href="http://rpmfind.net/linux/RPM/libxml2.html">libxml2</a> are
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| 44 | compatible (this is not the case for development packages).</li>
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| 45 | <li>If you are a developer and your system provides separate packaging
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| 46 | for shared libraries and the development components, it is possible
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| 47 | to install libxml and libxml2, and also <a href="http://rpmfind.net/linux/RPM/libxml-devel.html">libxml-devel</a>
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| 48 | and <a href="http://rpmfind.net/linux/RPM/libxml2-devel.html">libxml2-devel</a>
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| 49 | too for libxml2 >= 2.3.0</li>
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| 50 | <li>If you are developing a new application, please develop against
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| 51 | libxml2(-devel)</li>
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| 52 | </ul>
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| 53 | </li>
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| 54 | <li><em>I can't install the libxml package, it conflicts with libxml0</em>
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| 55 | <p>You probably have an old libxml0 package used to provide the shared
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| 56 | library for libxml.so.0, you can probably safely remove it. The libxml
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| 57 | packages provided on <a href="ftp://xmlsoft.org/libxml2/">xmlsoft.org</a> provide
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| 58 | libxml.so.0</p>
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| 59 | </li>
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| 60 | <li><em>I can't install the libxml(2) RPM package due to failed
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| 61 | dependencies</em>
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| 62 | <p>The most generic solution is to re-fetch the latest src.rpm , and
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| 63 | rebuild it locally with</p>
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| 64 | <p><code>rpm --rebuild libxml(2)-xxx.src.rpm</code>.</p>
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| 65 | <p>If everything goes well it will generate two binary rpm packages (one
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| 66 | providing the shared libs and xmllint, and the other one, the -devel
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| 67 | package, providing includes, static libraries and scripts needed to build
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| 68 | applications with libxml(2)) that you can install locally.</p>
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| 69 | </li>
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| 70 | </ol><h3><a name="Compilatio" id="Compilatio">Compilation</a></h3><ol>
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| 71 | <li><em>What is the process to compile libxml2 ?</em>
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| 72 | <p>As most UNIX libraries libxml2 follows the "standard":</p>
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| 73 | <p><code>gunzip -c xxx.tar.gz | tar xvf -</code></p>
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| 74 | <p><code>cd libxml-xxxx</code></p>
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| 75 | <p><code>./configure --help</code></p>
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| 76 | <p>to see the options, then the compilation/installation proper</p>
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| 77 | <p><code>./configure [possible options]</code></p>
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| 78 | <p><code>make</code></p>
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| 79 | <p><code>make install</code></p>
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| 80 | <p>At that point you may have to rerun ldconfig or a similar utility to
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| 81 | update your list of installed shared libs.</p>
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| 82 | </li>
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| 83 | <li><em>What other libraries are needed to compile/install libxml2 ?</em>
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| 84 | <p>Libxml2 does not require any other library, the normal C ANSI API
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| 85 | should be sufficient (please report any violation to this rule you may
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| 86 | find).</p>
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| 87 | <p>However if found at configuration time libxml2 will detect and use the
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| 88 | following libs:</p>
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| 89 | <ul>
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| 90 | <li><a href="http://www.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/zlib/">libz</a> : a
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| 91 | highly portable and available widely compression library.</li>
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| 92 | <li>iconv: a powerful character encoding conversion library. It is
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| 93 | included by default in recent glibc libraries, so it doesn't need to
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| 94 | be installed specifically on Linux. It now seems a <a href="http://www.opennc.org/onlinepubs/7908799/xsh/iconv.html">part
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| 95 | of the official UNIX</a> specification. Here is one <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/">implementation of the
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| 96 | library</a> which source can be found <a href="ftp://ftp.ilog.fr/pub/Users/haible/gnu/">here</a>.</li>
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| 97 | </ul>
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| 98 | </li>
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| 99 | <p></p>
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| 100 | <li><em>Make check fails on some platforms</em>
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| 101 | <p>Sometimes the regression tests' results don't completely match the
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| 102 | value produced by the parser, and the makefile uses diff to print the
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| 103 | delta. On some platforms the diff return breaks the compilation process;
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| 104 | if the diff is small this is probably not a serious problem.</p>
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| 105 | <p>Sometimes (especially on Solaris) make checks fail due to limitations
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| 106 | in make. Try using GNU-make instead.</p>
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| 107 | </li>
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| 108 | <li><em>I use the SVN version and there is no configure script</em>
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| 109 | <p>The configure script (and other Makefiles) are generated. Use the
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| 110 | autogen.sh script to regenerate the configure script and Makefiles,
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| 111 | like:</p>
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| 112 | <p><code>./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr --disable-shared</code></p>
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| 113 | </li>
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| 114 | <li><em>I have troubles when running make tests with gcc-3.0</em>
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| 115 | <p>It seems the initial release of gcc-3.0 has a problem with the
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| 116 | optimizer which miscompiles the URI module. Please use another
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| 117 | compiler.</p>
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| 118 | </li>
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| 119 | </ol><h3><a name="Developer" id="Developer">Developer</a> corner</h3><ol>
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| 120 | <li><em>Troubles compiling or linking programs using libxml2</em>
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| 121 | <p>Usually the problem comes from the fact that the compiler doesn't get
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| 122 | the right compilation or linking flags. There is a small shell script
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| 123 | <code>xml2-config</code> which is installed as part of libxml2 usual
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| 124 | install process which provides those flags. Use</p>
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| 125 | <p><code>xml2-config --cflags</code></p>
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| 126 | <p>to get the compilation flags and</p>
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| 127 | <p><code>xml2-config --libs</code></p>
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| 128 | <p>to get the linker flags. Usually this is done directly from the
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| 129 | Makefile as:</p>
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| 130 | <p><code>CFLAGS=`xml2-config --cflags`</code></p>
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| 131 | <p><code>LIBS=`xml2-config --libs`</code></p>
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| 132 | </li>
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| 133 | <li><em>I want to install my own copy of libxml2 in my home directory and
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| 134 | link my programs against it, but it doesn't work</em>
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| 135 | <p>There are many different ways to accomplish this. Here is one way to
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| 136 | do this under Linux. Suppose your home directory is <code>/home/user.
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| 137 | </code>Then:</p>
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| 138 | <ul>
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| 139 | <li>Create a subdirectory, let's call it <code>myxml</code></li>
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| 140 | <li>unpack the libxml2 distribution into that subdirectory</li>
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| 141 | <li>chdir into the unpacked distribution
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| 142 | (<code>/home/user/myxml/libxml2 </code>)</li>
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| 143 | <li>configure the library using the "<code>--prefix</code>" switch,
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| 144 | specifying an installation subdirectory in
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| 145 | <code>/home/user/myxml</code>, e.g.
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| 146 | <p><code>./configure --prefix /home/user/myxml/xmlinst</code> {other
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| 147 | configuration options}</p>
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| 148 | </li>
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| 149 | <li>now run <code>make</code> followed by <code>make install</code></li>
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| 150 | <li>At this point, the installation subdirectory contains the complete
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| 151 | "private" include files, library files and binary program files (e.g.
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| 152 | xmllint), located in
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| 153 | <p><code>/home/user/myxml/xmlinst/lib,
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| 154 | /home/user/myxml/xmlinst/include </code> and <code>
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| 155 | /home/user/myxml/xmlinst/bin</code></p>
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| 156 | respectively.</li>
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| 157 | <li>In order to use this "private" library, you should first add it to
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| 158 | the beginning of your default PATH (so that your own private program
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| 159 | files such as xmllint will be used instead of the normal system
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| 160 | ones). To do this, the Bash command would be
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| 161 | <p><code>export PATH=/home/user/myxml/xmlinst/bin:$PATH</code></p>
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| 162 | </li>
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| 163 | <li>Now suppose you have a program <code>test1.c</code> that you would
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| 164 | like to compile with your "private" library. Simply compile it using
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| 165 | the command
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| 166 | <p><code>gcc `xml2-config --cflags --libs` -o test test.c</code></p>
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| 167 | Note that, because your PATH has been set with <code>
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| 168 | /home/user/myxml/xmlinst/bin</code> at the beginning, the xml2-config
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| 169 | program which you just installed will be used instead of the system
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| 170 | default one, and this will <em>automatically</em> get the correct
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| 171 | libraries linked with your program.</li>
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| 172 | </ul>
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| 173 | </li>
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| 174 |
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| 175 | <p></p>
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| 176 | <li><em>xmlDocDump() generates output on one line.</em>
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| 177 | <p>Libxml2 will not <strong>invent</strong> spaces in the content of a
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| 178 | document since <strong>all spaces in the content of a document are
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| 179 | significant</strong>. If you build a tree from the API and want
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| 180 | indentation:</p>
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| 181 | <ol>
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| 182 | <li>the correct way is to generate those yourself too.</li>
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| 183 | <li>the dangerous way is to ask libxml2 to add those blanks to your
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| 184 | content <strong>modifying the content of your document in the
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| 185 | process</strong>. The result may not be what you expect. There is
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| 186 | <strong>NO</strong> way to guarantee that such a modification won't
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| 187 | affect other parts of the content of your document. See <a href="http://xmlsoft.org/html/libxml-parser.html#xmlKeepBlanksDefault">xmlKeepBlanksDefault
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| 188 | ()</a> and <a href="http://xmlsoft.org/html/libxml-tree.html#xmlSaveFormatFile">xmlSaveFormatFile
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| 189 | ()</a></li>
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| 190 | </ol>
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| 191 | </li>
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| 192 | <p></p>
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| 193 | <li><em>Extra nodes in the document:</em>
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| 194 | <p><em>For an XML file as below:</em></p>
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| 195 | <pre><?xml version="1.0"?>
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| 196 | <PLAN xmlns="http://www.argus.ca/autotest/1.0/">
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| 197 | <NODE CommFlag="0"/>
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| 198 | <NODE CommFlag="1"/>
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| 199 | </PLAN></pre>
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| 200 | <p><em>after parsing it with the function
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| 201 | pxmlDoc=xmlParseFile(...);</em></p>
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| 202 | <p><em>I want to the get the content of the first node (node with the
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| 203 | CommFlag="0")</em></p>
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| 204 | <p><em>so I did it as following;</em></p>
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| 205 | <pre>xmlNodePtr pnode;
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| 206 | pnode=pxmlDoc->children->children;</pre>
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| 207 | <p><em>but it does not work. If I change it to</em></p>
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| 208 | <pre>pnode=pxmlDoc->children->children->next;</pre>
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| 209 | <p><em>then it works. Can someone explain it to me.</em></p>
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| 210 | <p></p>
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| 211 | <p>In XML all characters in the content of the document are significant
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| 212 | <strong>including blanks and formatting line breaks</strong>.</p>
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| 213 | <p>The extra nodes you are wondering about are just that, text nodes with
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| 214 | the formatting spaces which are part of the document but that people tend
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| 215 | to forget. There is a function <a href="http://xmlsoft.org/html/libxml-parser.html">xmlKeepBlanksDefault
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| 216 | ()</a> to remove those at parse time, but that's an heuristic, and its
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| 217 | use should be limited to cases where you are certain there is no
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| 218 | mixed-content in the document.</p>
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| 219 | </li>
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| 220 | <li><em>I get compilation errors of existing code like when accessing
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| 221 | <strong>root</strong> or <strong>child fields</strong> of nodes.</em>
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| 222 | <p>You are compiling code developed for libxml version 1 and using a
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| 223 | libxml2 development environment. Either switch back to libxml v1 devel or
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| 224 | even better fix the code to compile with libxml2 (or both) by <a href="upgrade.html">following the instructions</a>.</p>
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| 225 | </li>
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| 226 | <li><em>I get compilation errors about non existing
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| 227 | <strong>xmlRootNode</strong> or <strong>xmlChildrenNode</strong>
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| 228 | fields.</em>
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| 229 | <p>The source code you are using has been <a href="upgrade.html">upgraded</a> to be able to compile with both libxml
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| 230 | and libxml2, but you need to install a more recent version:
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| 231 | libxml(-devel) >= 1.8.8 or libxml2(-devel) >= 2.1.0</p>
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| 232 | </li>
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| 233 | <li><em>Random crashes in threaded applications</em>
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| 234 | <p>Read and follow all advices on the <a href="threads.html">thread
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| 235 | safety</a> page, and make 100% sure you never call xmlCleanupParser()
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| 236 | while the library or an XML document might still be in use by another
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| 237 | thread.</p>
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| 238 | </li>
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| 239 | <li><em>The example provided in the web page does not compile.</em>
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| 240 | <p>It's hard to maintain the documentation in sync with the code
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| 241 | <grin/> ...</p>
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| 242 | <p>Check the previous points 1/ and 2/ raised before, and please send
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| 243 | patches.</p>
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| 244 | </li>
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| 245 | <li><em>Where can I get more examples and information than provided on the
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| 246 | web page?</em>
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| 247 | <p>Ideally a libxml2 book would be nice. I have no such plan ... But you
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| 248 | can:</p>
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| 249 | <ul>
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| 250 | <li>check more deeply the <a href="html/libxml-lib.html">existing
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| 251 | generated doc</a></li>
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| 252 | <li>have a look at <a href="examples/index.html">the set of
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| 253 | examples</a>.</li>
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| 254 | <li>look for examples of use for libxml2 function using the Gnome code
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| 255 | or by asking on Google.</li>
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| 256 | <li><a href="http://svn.gnome.org/viewvc/libxml2/trunk/">Browse
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| 257 | the libxml2 source</a> , I try to write code as clean and documented
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| 258 | as possible, so looking at it may be helpful. In particular the code
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| 259 | of <a href="http://svn.gnome.org/viewvc/libxml2/trunk/xmllint.c?view=markup">xmllint.c</a> and of the various testXXX.c test programs should
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| 260 | provide good examples of how to do things with the library.</li>
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| 261 | </ul>
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| 262 | </li>
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| 263 | <p></p>
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| 264 | <li><em>What about C++ ?</em>
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| 265 | <p>libxml2 is written in pure C in order to allow easy reuse on a number
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| 266 | of platforms, including embedded systems. I don't intend to convert to
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| 267 | C++.</p>
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| 268 | <p>There is however a C++ wrapper which may fulfill your needs:</p>
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| 269 | <ul>
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| 270 | <li>by Ari Johnson <[email protected]>:
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| 271 | <p>Website: <a href="http://libxmlplusplus.sourceforge.net/">http://libxmlplusplus.sourceforge.net/</a></p>
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| 272 | <p>Download: <a href="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=12999">http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=12999</a></p>
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| 273 | </li>
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| 274 | </ul>
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| 275 | </li>
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| 276 | <li><em>How to validate a document a posteriori ?</em>
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| 277 | <p>It is possible to validate documents which had not been validated at
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| 278 | initial parsing time or documents which have been built from scratch
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| 279 | using the API. Use the <a href="http://xmlsoft.org/html/libxml-valid.html#xmlValidateDtd">xmlValidateDtd()</a>
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| 280 | function. It is also possible to simply add a DTD to an existing
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| 281 | document:</p>
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| 282 | <pre>xmlDocPtr doc; /* your existing document */
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| 283 | xmlDtdPtr dtd = xmlParseDTD(NULL, filename_of_dtd); /* parse the DTD */
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| 284 |
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| 285 | dtd->name = xmlStrDup((xmlChar*)"root_name"); /* use the given root */
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| 286 |
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| 287 | doc->intSubset = dtd;
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| 288 | if (doc->children == NULL) xmlAddChild((xmlNodePtr)doc, (xmlNodePtr)dtd);
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| 289 | else xmlAddPrevSibling(doc->children, (xmlNodePtr)dtd);
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| 290 | </pre>
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| 291 | </li>
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| 292 | <li><em>So what is this funky "xmlChar" used all the time?</em>
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| 293 | <p>It is a null terminated sequence of utf-8 characters. And only utf-8!
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| 294 | You need to convert strings encoded in different ways to utf-8 before
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| 295 | passing them to the API. This can be accomplished with the iconv library
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| 296 | for instance.</p>
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| 297 | </li>
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| 298 | <li>etc ...</li>
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| 299 | </ol><p></p><p><a href="bugs.html">Daniel Veillard</a></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></body></html>
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