Changeset 38233 in vbox for trunk/doc/manual
- Timestamp:
- Jul 28, 2011 8:09:32 PM (13 years ago)
- Location:
- trunk/doc/manual/fr_FR
- Files:
-
- 11 edited
- 2 copied
Legend:
- Unmodified
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trunk/doc/manual/fr_FR/user_AdvancedTopics.xml
r33386 r38233 4 4 <chapter id="AdvancedTopics"> 5 5 <title>Advanced topics</title> 6 7 <sect1 id="vboxconfigdata">8 <title>VirtualBox configuration data</title>9 10 <para>For each system user, VirtualBox stores configuration data in the11 user's home directory, as per the conventions of the host operating12 system:<itemizedlist>13 <listitem>14 <para>On Windows, this is15 <computeroutput>%HOMEDRIVE%%HOMEPATH%\.VirtualBox</computeroutput>;16 typically something like <computeroutput>C:\Documents and17 Settings\Username\.VirtualBox</computeroutput>.</para>18 </listitem>19 20 <listitem>21 <para>On Mac OS X, this is22 <computeroutput>$HOME/Library/VirtualBox</computeroutput>.</para>23 </listitem>24 25 <listitem>26 <para>On Unix-like systems (Linux, Solaris), this is27 <computeroutput>$HOME/.VirtualBox</computeroutput>.</para>28 </listitem>29 </itemizedlist></para>30 31 <para>VirtualBox creates this configuration directory automatically, if32 necessary. Optionally, you can supply an alternate configuration directory33 by setting the34 <computeroutput><literal>VBOX_USER_HOME</literal></computeroutput>35 environment variable. You can globally change some of the locations where36 VirtualBox keeps extra configuration and data by selecting "Global37 settings" from the "File" menu in the VirtualBox main window. Then, in the38 window that pops up, click on the "General" tab.</para>39 40 <para>VirtualBox stores all its global and machine-specific configuration41 data in XML documents. We intentionally do not document the specifications42 of these files, as we must reserve the right to modify them in the future.43 We therefore strongly suggest that you do not edit these files manually.44 VirtualBox provides complete access to its configuration data through its45 the <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput> command line tool (see46 <xref linkend="vboxmanage" />) and its API (see <xref47 linkend="VirtualBoxAPI" />).</para>48 49 <para>The XML files are versioned. When a new settings file is created50 (e.g. because a new virtual machine is created), VirtualBox automatically51 uses the settings format of the current VirtualBox version. These files52 may not be readable if you downgrade to an earlier version of VirtualBox.53 However, when VirtualBox encounters a settings file from an earlier54 version (e.g. after upgrading VirtualBox), it attempts to preserve the55 settings format as much as possible. It will only silently upgrade the56 settings format if the current settings cannot be expressed in the old57 format, for example because you enabled a feature that was not present in58 an earlier version of VirtualBox.<footnote>59 <para>As an example, before VirtualBox 3.1, it was only possible to60 enable or disable a single DVD drive in a virtual machine. If it was61 enabled, then it would always be visible as the secondary master of62 the IDE controller. With VirtualBox 3.1, DVD drives can be attached to63 arbitrary slots of arbitrary controllers, so they could be the64 secondary slave of an IDE controller or in a SATA slot. If you have a65 machine settings file from an earlier version and upgrade VirtualBox66 to 3.1 and then move the DVD drive from its default position, this67 cannot be expressed in the old settings format; the XML machine file68 would get written in the new format, and a backup file of the old69 format would be kept.</para>70 </footnote> In such cases, VirtualBox backs up the old settings file in71 the virtual machine's configuration directory. If you need to go back to72 the earlier version of VirtualBox, then you will need to manually copy73 these backup files back.</para>74 75 <para>In detail, the following settings files are in use:</para>76 77 <para><itemizedlist>78 <listitem>79 <para>In the configuration directory,80 <computeroutput>VirtualBox.xml</computeroutput> is the main81 configuration file. This includes global configuration options and82 the media and virtual machine registry. The media registry links to83 all CD/DVD, floppy and disk images that have been added to the84 Virtual Media Manager. For each registered VM, there is one entry85 which points to the VM configuration file, also in XML86 format.</para>87 </listitem>88 89 <listitem>90 <para>Virtual machine settings and files are, by default, saved as91 XML files in a subdirectory of the92 <computeroutput>Machines</computeroutput> directory, which93 VirtualBox creates under the main configuration directory (see94 above). You can change the location of this main "Machines" folder95 in the "Global settings" dialog.</para>96 97 <para>By default, for each virtual machine, VirtualBox uses another98 subdirectory of the "Machines" directory that carries the same name99 as the virtual machine. As a result, your virtual machine names must100 conform to the conventions of your operating system for valid file101 names. For example, a machine called "Fedora 6" would, by default,102 have its settings saved in103 <computeroutput>.VirtualBox/Machines/Fedora 6/Fedora104 6.xml</computeroutput> (on a Linux or Solaris host).</para>105 106 <para>If you would like more control over the file names used, you107 can create the machine using <computeroutput>VBoxManage108 createvm</computeroutput> with the109 <computeroutput>--settingsfile</computeroutput> option; see <xref110 linkend="vboxmanage-createvm" />.</para>111 112 <para>The virtual machine directory will be renamed if you change113 the machine name. If you do not wish this to happen, you can create114 the machine using <computeroutput>VBoxManage115 createvm</computeroutput> with the116 <computeroutput>--basefolder</computeroutput> option. In this case,117 the folder name will never change.</para>118 </listitem>119 120 <listitem>121 <para>VirtualBox keeps snapshots and saved states in another special122 folder for each virtual machine. By default, this is a subfolder of123 the virtual machine folder called124 <computeroutput>Snapshots</computeroutput> -- in our example,125 <computeroutput>.VirtualBox/Machines/Fedora126 6/Snapshots</computeroutput>. You can change this setting for each127 machine using <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput> as128 well.</para>129 </listitem>130 131 <listitem>132 <para>VDI container files are, by default, created in the133 <computeroutput>HardDisks</computeroutput> directory under the main134 configuration directory (see above). In particular, this directory135 is used when the "Create new virtual disk" wizard is started to136 create a new VDI file. Changing this default is probably most useful137 if the disk containing your home directory does not have enough room138 to hold your VDI files, which can grow very large.</para>139 </listitem>140 </itemizedlist></para>141 </sect1>142 6 143 7 <sect1 id="vboxsdl"> … … 298 162 with a value of <computeroutput>VBoxGINA.dll</computeroutput>.</para> 299 163 300 <para><note> 301 The VirtualBox GINA is implemented as a wrapper around the standard Windows 302 GINA (<computeroutput>MSGINA.DLL</computeroutput>), 303 therefore it will most likely not work correctly with 3rd party GINA modules. 304 </note></para> 305 306 <para>To manually install the VirtualBox credential module, extract the 164 <note> 165 <para>The VirtualBox GINA module is implemented as a wrapper around 166 the standard Windows GINA module 167 (<computeroutput>MSGINA.DLL</computeroutput>). As a result, it will 168 most likely not work correctly with 3rd party GINA modules.</para> 169 </note> 170 171 <para>To manually install the VirtualBox credential provider module, extract the 307 172 Guest Additions (see <xref linkend="windows-guest-file-extraction" />) 308 173 and copy the file <computeroutput>VBoxCredProv.dll</computeroutput> to … … 362 227 accounts).</para> 363 228 </listitem> 229 230 <listitem> 231 <para>Auto-logon handling of the built-in Windows Remote Desktop Service 232 (formerly known as Terminal Services) is disabled by default. To enable 233 it, create the registry key 234 <screen>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Oracle\VirtualBox Guest Additions\AutoLogon</screen> 235 with a <computeroutput>DWORD</computeroutput> value of <computeroutput>1</computeroutput>.</para> 236 </listitem> 364 237 </orderedlist></para> 365 238 … … 403 276 <computeroutput>/opt/VBoxGuestAdditions-<version>/lib/VBoxGuestAdditions/</computeroutput> 404 277 to the security modules directory, usually 405 <computeroutput>/lib/security/</computeroutput>. Please refer to your 278 <computeroutput>/lib/security/</computeroutput> on 32-bit guest Linuxes or 279 <computeroutput>/lib64/security/</computeroutput> on 64-bit ones. Please refer to your 406 280 guest OS documentation for the correct PAM module directory.</para> 407 281 … … 425 299 <computeroutput>/etc/pam.d/common-auth</computeroutput>. This file 426 300 is included in many other services (like the GDM file mentioned 427 above). There you also have to add addthe line <computeroutput>auth301 above). There you also have to add the line <computeroutput>auth 428 302 requisite pam_vbox.so</computeroutput>.</para> 429 303 </listitem> … … 433 307 <computeroutput>pam_unix.so</computeroutput> or 434 308 <computeroutput>pam_unix2.so</computeroutput> is desired, the 435 argument <computeroutput>try_first_pass</computeroutput> is needed 309 argument <computeroutput>try_first_pass</computeroutput> for 310 <computeroutput>pam_unix.so</computeroutput> or 311 <computeroutput>use_first_pass</computeroutput> for 312 <computeroutput>pam_unix2.so</computeroutput> is needed 436 313 in order to pass the credentials from the VirtualBox module to the 437 314 shadow database authentication module. For Ubuntu, this needs to be … … 509 386 </sect1> 510 387 388 <sect1> 389 <title>Advanced configuration for Linux and Solaris guests</title> 390 391 <sect2> 392 <title>Manual setup of selected guest services on Linux</title> 393 394 <para>The VirtualBox Guest Additions contain several different 395 drivers. If for any reason you do not wish to set them all up, you can 396 install the Guest Additions using the following command:</para> 397 398 <screen> sh ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run no_setup</screen> 399 400 <para>After this, you will need to at least compile the kernel modules 401 by running the command <screen> /usr/lib/VBoxGuestAdditions/vboxadd setup</screen> 402 as root (you will need to replace <emphasis>lib</emphasis> by 403 <emphasis>lib64</emphasis> on some 64bit guests), and on older guests 404 without the udev service you will need to add the 405 <emphasis>vboxadd</emphasis> service to the default runlevel to ensure 406 that the modules get loaded.</para> 407 408 <para>To setup the time synchronization service, run the command 409 <screen> /usr/lib/VBoxGuestAdditions/vboxadd-service setup</screen> 410 and add the service vboxadd-service to the default runlevel. To set up 411 the X11 and OpenGL part of the Guest Additions, run the command 412 <screen> /usr/lib/VBoxGuestAdditions/vboxadd-x11 setup</screen> (you 413 do not need to enable any services for this).</para> 414 415 <para>To recompile the guest kernel modules, use this command: 416 <screen> /usr/lib/VBoxGuestAdditions/vboxadd setup</screen> After 417 compilation you should reboot your guest to ensure that the new 418 modules are actually used.</para> 419 </sect2> 420 421 <sect2 id="guestxorgsetup"> 422 <title>Guest graphics and mouse driver setup in depth</title> 423 424 <para>This section assumes that you are familiar with configuring 425 the X.Org server using xorg.conf and optionally the newer mechanisms 426 using hal or udev and xorg.conf.d. If not you can learn about 427 them by studying the documentation which comes with X.Org.</para> 428 429 <para>The VirtualBox Guest Additions come with drivers for X.Org 430 versions 431 <itemizedlist> 432 <listitem>X11R6.8/X11R6.9 and XFree86 version 4.3 433 (vboxvideo_drv_68.o and vboxmouse_drv_68.o)</listitem> 434 <listitem>X11R7.0 (vboxvideo_drv_70.so and vboxmouse_drv_70.so) 435 </listitem> 436 <listitem>X11R7.1 (vboxvideo_drv_71.so and vboxmouse_drv_71.so) 437 </listitem> 438 <listitem>X.Org Server versions 1.3 and later (vboxvideo_drv_13.so 439 and vboxmouse_drv_13.so and so on).</listitem> 440 </itemizedlist> 441 By default these drivers can be found in the directory</para> 442 <para> 443 <computeroutput>/opt/VBoxGuestAdditions-<version>/lib/VBoxGuestAdditions</computeroutput> 444 </para> 445 <para>and the correct versions for the X server are symbolically linked 446 into the X.Org driver directories.</para> 447 448 <para>For graphics integration to work correctly, the X server must 449 load the vboxvideo driver (many recent X server versions look for it 450 automatically if they see that they are running in VirtualBox) and for 451 an optimal user experience the guest kernel drivers must be loaded and 452 the Guest Additions tool VBoxClient must be running as a client in the 453 X session. For mouse integration to work correctly, the guest kernel 454 drivers must be loaded and in addition, in X servers from X.Org X11R6.8 455 to X11R7.1 and in XFree86 version 4.3 the right vboxmouse driver must 456 be loaded and associated with /dev/mouse or /dev/psaux; in X.Org server 457 1.3 or later a driver for a PS/2 mouse must be loaded and the right 458 vboxmouse driver must be associated with /dev/vboxguest.</para> 459 460 <para>The VirtualBox guest graphics driver can use any graphics 461 configuration for which the virtual resolution fits into the virtual 462 video memory allocated to the virtual machine (minus a small amount 463 used by the guest driver) as described in 464 <xref linkend="settings-display" />. The driver will offer a range of 465 standard modes at least up to the default guest resolution for all 466 active guest monitors. In X.Org Server 1.3 and later the default mode 467 can be changed by setting the output property VBOX_MODE to 468 "<width>x<height>" for any guest monitor. When VBoxClient 469 and the kernel drivers are active this is done automatically when the 470 host requests a mode change. The driver for older versions can only 471 receive new modes by querying the host for requests at regular 472 intervals.</para> 473 474 <para>With pre-1.3 X Servers you can also add your own modes to the X 475 server configuration file. You simply need to add them to the "Modes" 476 list in the "Display" subsection of the "Screen" section. For example, 477 the section shown here has a custom 2048x800 resolution mode added: 478 </para> 479 480 <screen>Section "Screen" 481 Identifier "Default Screen" 482 Device "VirtualBox graphics card" 483 Monitor "Generic Monitor" 484 DefaultDepth 24 485 SubSection "Display" 486 Depth 24 487 Modes "2048x800" "800x600" "640x480" 488 EndSubSection 489 EndSection</screen> 490 </sect2> 491 </sect1> 492 511 493 <sect1 id="cpuhotplug"> 512 494 <title>CPU hot-plugging</title> … … 556 538 </sect1> 557 539 540 <sect1 id="pcipassthrough"> 541 <title>PCI passthrough</title> 542 543 <para>When running on Linux hosts, with a recent enough kernel (at least version 544 <computeroutput>2.6.31</computeroutput>) experimental host PCI devices 545 passthrough is available.<footnote> 546 <para>Experimental support for PCI passthrough was introduced with VirtualBox 547 4.1.</para> 548 </footnote></para> 549 550 <note><para>The PCI passthrough module is shipped as a VirtualBox extension 551 package, which must be installed separately. See <xref 552 linkend="intro-installing" /> for more information.</para> 553 </note> 554 555 <para>Essentially this feature allows to directly use physical PCI 556 devices on the host by the guest even if host doesn't have drivers for this 557 particular device. Both, regular PCI and some PCI Express cards, are 558 supported. AGP and certain PCI Express cards are not supported at the 559 moment if they rely on GART (Graphics Address Remapping Table) unit 560 programming for texture management as it does rather nontrivial 561 operations with pages remapping interfering with IOMMU. 562 This limitation may be lifted in future releases.</para> 563 564 <para>To be fully functional, PCI passthrough support in VirtualBox depends upon 565 an IOMMU hardware unit which is not yet too widely available. If the device uses 566 bus mastering (i.e. it performs DMA to the OS memory on its 567 own), then an IOMMU is required, otherwise such DMA transactions may write to 568 the wrong physical memory address as the device DMA engine is programmed using 569 a device-specific protocol to perform memory transactions. The IOMMU functions 570 as translation unit mapping physical memory access requests from the device 571 using knowledge of the guest physical address to host physical addresses translation 572 rules.</para> 573 574 <para>Intel's solution for IOMMU is marketed as "Intel Virtualization Technology for 575 Directed I/O" (VT-d), and AMD's one is called AMD-Vi. So please check if your 576 motherboard datasheet has appropriate technology. 577 Even if your hardware doesn't have a IOMMU, certain PCI cards may work 578 (such as serial PCI adapters), but the guest will show a warning on boot and 579 the VM execution will terminate if the guest driver will attempt to enable card 580 bus mastering.</para> 581 582 <para> 583 It is very common that the BIOS or the host OS disables the IOMMU by default. 584 So before any attempt to use it please make sure that 585 <orderedlist> 586 <listitem> 587 <para>Your motherboard has an IOMMU unit.</para> 588 </listitem> 589 <listitem> 590 <para>Your CPU supports the IOMMU.</para> 591 </listitem> 592 <listitem> 593 <para>The IOMMU is enabled in the BIOS.</para> 594 </listitem> 595 <listitem> 596 <para>The VM must run with VT-x/AMD-V and nested paging enabled.</para> 597 </listitem> 598 <listitem> 599 <para>Your Linux kernel was compiled with IOMMU support (including DMA 600 remapping, see <computeroutput>CONFIG_DMAR</computeroutput> kernel 601 compilation option). The PCI stub driver 602 (<computeroutput>CONFIG_PCI_STUB</computeroutput>) is required 603 as well.</para> 604 </listitem> 605 <listitem> 606 <para>Your Linux kernel recognizes and uses the IOMMU unit 607 (<computeroutput>intel_iommu=on</computeroutput> 608 boot option could be needed). Search for DMAR and PCI-DMA in kernel boot 609 log.</para> 610 </listitem> 611 </orderedlist> 612 </para> 613 614 <para>Once you made sure that the host kernel supports the IOMMU, the next step is 615 to select the PCI card and attach it to the guest. To figure out the list of 616 available PCI devices, use the <computeroutput>lspci</computeroutput> command. 617 The output will look like this 618 <screen> 619 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc Cedar PRO [Radeon HD 5450] 620 01:00.1 Audio device: ATI Technologies Inc Manhattan HDMI Audio [Mobility Radeon HD 5000 Series] 621 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 03) 622 03:00.0 SATA controller: JMicron Technology Corp. JMB362/JMB363 Serial ATA Controller (rev 03) 623 03:00.1 IDE interface: JMicron Technology Corp. JMB362/JMB363 Serial ATA Controller (rev 03) 624 06:00.0 VGA compatible controller: nVidia Corporation G86 [GeForce 8500 GT] (rev a1) 625 </screen> 626 The first column is a PCI address (in format <computeroutput>bus:device.function</computeroutput>). 627 This address could be used to identify the device for further operations. 628 For example, to attach a PCI network controller on the system listed above 629 to the second PCI bus in the guest, as device 5, function 0, use the following command: 630 <screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --pciattach 02:00.0@01:05.0</screen> 631 To detach same device, use 632 <screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --pcidetach 02:00.0</screen> 633 Please note that both host and guest could freely assign a different PCI address to 634 the card attached during runtime, so those addresses only apply to the address of 635 the card at the moment of attachment (host), and during BIOS PCI init (guest). 636 </para> 637 638 <para>If the virtual machine has a PCI device attached, certain limitations apply: 639 <orderedlist> 640 <listitem> 641 Only PCI cards with non-shared interrupts (such as using MSI on host) are 642 supported at the moment. 643 </listitem> 644 <listitem> 645 No guest state can be reliably saved/restored (as the internal state of the PCI 646 card could not be retrieved). 647 </listitem> 648 <listitem> 649 Teleportation (live migration) doesn't work (for the same reason). 650 </listitem> 651 <listitem> 652 No lazy physical memory allocation. The host will preallocate the whole RAM 653 required for the VM on startup (as we cannot catch physical hardware accesses 654 to the physical memory). 655 </listitem> 656 </orderedlist> 657 </para> 658 659 </sect1> 660 661 558 662 <sect1> 559 663 <title>Advanced display configuration</title> … … 617 721 </sect2> 618 722 619 <sect2 id="vbox-authenticate-sdk">620 <title>Custom external authentication modules</title>621 622 <para>As described in <xref linkend="vbox-auth" />, VirtualBox supports623 arbitrary external modules to perform authentication. When the624 authentication method is set to "external" for a625 particular VM, VirtualBox calls the library that was specified with626 <computeroutput>VBoxManage setproperty vrdeauthlibrary</computeroutput>.627 This library will be loaded by the VM process on demand, i.e. when the628 first RDP connection is made by an external client.</para>629 630 <para>External authentication is the most flexible as the external631 handler can both choose to grant access to everyone (like the "null"632 authentication method would) and delegate the request to the guest633 authentication component. When delegating the request to the guest634 component, it will still be called afterwards with the option to635 override the result.</para>636 637 <para>An authentication library is required to implement exactly one638 entry point:</para>639 640 <screen>#include "VRDPAuth.h"641 642 /**643 * Authentication library entry point. Decides whether to allow644 * a client connection.645 *646 * Parameters:647 *648 * pUuid Pointer to the UUID of the virtual machine649 * which the client connected to.650 * guestJudgement Result of the guest authentication.651 * szUser User name passed in by the client (UTF8).652 * szPassword Password passed in by the client (UTF8).653 * szDomain Domain passed in by the client (UTF8).654 * fLogon Boolean flag. Indicates whether the entry point is called655 * for a client logon or the client disconnect.656 * clientId Server side unique identifier of the client.657 *658 * Return code:659 *660 * VRDPAuthAccessDenied Client access has been denied.661 * VRDPAuthAccessGranted Client has the right to use the662 * virtual machine.663 * VRDPAuthDelegateToGuest Guest operating system must664 * authenticate the client and the665 * library must be called again with666 * the result of the guest667 * authentication.668 */669 VRDPAuthResult VRDPAUTHCALL VRDPAuth2(670 PVRDPAUTHUUID pUuid,671 VRDPAuthGuestJudgement guestJudgement,672 const char *szUser,673 const char *szPassword674 const char *szDomain675 int fLogon,676 unsigned clientId)677 {678 /* process request against your authentication source of choice */679 return VRDPAuthAccessGranted;680 }</screen>681 682 <para>A note regarding the UUID implementation of the first argument:683 VirtualBox uses a consistent binary representation of UUIDs on all684 platforms. For this reason the integer fields comprising the UUID are685 stored as little endian values. If you want to pass such UUIDs to code686 which assumes that the integer fields are big endian (often also called687 network byte order), you need to adjust the contents of the UUID to e.g.688 achieve the same string representation. The required changes689 are:<itemizedlist>690 <listitem>691 <para>reverse the order of byte 0, 1, 2 and 3</para>692 </listitem>693 694 <listitem>695 <para>reverse the order of byte 4 and 5</para>696 </listitem>697 698 <listitem>699 <para>reverse the order of byte 6 and 7.</para>700 </listitem>701 </itemizedlist>Using this conversion you will get identical results702 when converting the binary UUID to the string representation.</para>703 704 <para>The second arguments contains information about the guest705 authentication status. For the first call, it is always set to706 <computeroutput>VRDPAuthGuestNotAsked</computeroutput>. In case the707 function returns708 <computeroutput>VRDPAuthDelegateToGuest</computeroutput>, a guest709 authentication will be attempted and another call to the method is made710 with its result. This can be either granted / denied or no judgement711 (the guest component chose for whatever reason to not make a decision).712 In case there is a problem with the guest authentication module (e.g.713 the Additions are not installed or not running or the guest did not714 respond within a timeout), the "not reacted" status will be715 returned.</para>716 </sect2>717 723 </sect1> 718 724 … … 786 792 787 793 <para>Just like with regular disk images, this does not automatically 788 register the newly created image in the internal registry of hard 789 disks. If you want this done automatically, add 790 <code>-register</code>: <screen>VBoxManage internalcommands createrawvmdk -filename /path/to/file.vmdk 791 -rawdisk /dev/sda -register</screen>After registering, you can assign 792 the newly created image to a virtual machine with e.g. <screen>VBoxManage storageattach WindowsXP --storagectl "IDE Controller" 794 attach the newly created image to a virtual machine. This can be done 795 with e.g. <screen>VBoxManage storageattach WindowsXP --storagectl "IDE Controller" 793 796 --port 0 --device 0 --type hdd --medium /path/to/file.vmdk</screen>When 794 797 this is done the selected virtual machine will boot from the specified … … 869 872 MBR will be stored inside the image, not on the host disk.</para> 870 873 871 <para>For each of the above variants, you can register the resulting 872 image for immediate use in VirtualBox by adding 873 <computeroutput>-register</computeroutput> to the respective command 874 line. The image will then immediately appear in the list of registered 875 disk images. An example is<screen>VBoxManage internalcommands createrawvmdk -filename /path/to/file.vmdk 876 -rawdisk /dev/sda -partitions 1,5 -relative -register</screen> which 877 creates an image referring to individual partitions, and registers it 878 when the image is successfully created.</para> 874 <para>The created image can be attached to a storage controller in 875 a VM configuration as usual.</para> 879 876 </sect3> 880 877 </sect2> … … 899 896 specify the desired SATA hard disk port.</para> 900 897 898 <para>The above commands apply to virtual machines with an AHCI (SATA) 899 controller. The commands for virtual machines with an IDE controller 900 are:</para> 901 902 <screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" 903 "VBoxInternal/Devices/piix3ide/0/Config/PrimaryMaster/SerialNumber" "serial" 904 VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" 905 "VBoxInternal/Devices/piix3ide/0/Config/PrimaryMaster/FirmwareRevision" "firmware" 906 VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" 907 "VBoxInternal/Devices/piix3ide/0/Config/PrimaryMaster/ModelNumber" "model"</screen> 908 909 <para>For hard disks it's also possible (experimental!) to mark the drive 910 as having a non-rotational medium with:</para> 911 912 <screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" 913 "VBoxInternal/Devices/ahci/0/Config/Port0/NonRotational" "1"</screen> 914 901 915 <para>Additional three parameters are needed for CD/DVD drives to report 902 916 the vendor product data:</para> … … 913 927 string. Instead of "Port0" (referring to the first port), specify the 914 928 desired SATA hard disk port.</para> 929 </sect2> 930 931 <sect2> 932 <title id="iscsi-intnet">Accès à des cibles iSCSI à travers le réseau interne</title> 933 934 <para>En tant que fonctionnalité expérimentale, VirtualBox permet l'accès 935 à une cible iSCSI en exécutant dans une machine virtuelle ce qui est 936 configuré pour utiliser le mode Réseau interne (comme décrit au <xref 937 linkend="network_internal" />). Le paramétrage de la machine virtuelle qui 938 utilise une telle cible iSCSI se fait comme décrit ci-dessous. La seule 939 différence est que l'adresse IP de la cible doit être spécifiée comme 940 adresse IP numérique.</para> 941 942 <para>La pile IP qui accède au réseau interne doit être configurée dans la 943 machine virtuelle qui accède à la cible iSCSI. Vous devez choisir une 944 adresse IP statique libre et une adresse MAC non utilisée par d'autres 945 machines virtuelles. Dans l'exemple ci-dessous, adaptez le nom de la 946 machine virtuelle, l'adresse MAC et la configuration IP et le nom du 947 réseau interne (« MyIntNet ») selon vos besoins. Vous devez exécuter les 948 sept commandes suivantes :<screen>VBoxManage setextradata "nom VM" VBoxInternal/Devices/IntNetIP/0/Trusted 1 949 VBoxManage setextradata "nom VM" VBoxInternal/Devices/IntNetIP/0/Config/MAC 08:00:27:01:02:0f 950 VBoxManage setextradata "nom VM" VBoxInternal/Devices/IntNetIP/0/Config/IP 10.0.9.1 951 VBoxManage setextradata "nom VM" VBoxInternal/Devices/IntNetIP/0/Config/Netmask 255.255.255.0 952 VBoxManage setextradata "nom VM" VBoxInternal/Devices/IntNetIP/0/LUN#0/Driver IntNet 953 VBoxManage setextradata "nom VM" VBoxInternal/Devices/IntNetIP/0/LUN#0/Config/Network MyIntNet 954 VBoxManage setextradata "nom VM" VBoxInternal/Devices/IntNetIP/0/LUN#0/Config/IsService 1</screen></para> 955 956 <para>Enfin, le disque iSCSI doit être enregistré avec l'option 957 <code>--intnet</code> pour dire à l'initiateur iSCSI d'utiliser le réseau 958 interne :<screen>VBoxManage addiscsidisk --server 10.0.9.30 --target iqn.2008-12.com.sun:sampletarget --intnet</screen></para> 959 960 <para>L'adresse cible doit être spécifiée en tant qu'adresse IP numérique 961 vu qu'il n'y a pas de résolution DNS pour le réseau interne.</para> 962 963 <para>La machine virtuelle avec la cible iSCSI devrait être démarrée avant 964 que la machine qui l'utilise ne soit allumée. Si une machine virtuelle 965 utilisant un disque iSCSI est démarrée sans que la cible iSCSI ne soit 966 allumée, cela peut prendre jusqu'à 200 secondes pour détecter cette 967 situation. La VM échouera pour s'allumer.</para> 915 968 </sect2> 916 969 </sect1> … … 952 1005 953 1006 <para>The old sequence of configuring a serial port used the following 6 954 commands:</para><screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" 1007 commands:</para> 1008 1009 <screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" 955 1010 "VBoxInternal/Devices/serial/0/Config/IRQ" 4 956 1011 VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" … … 964 1019 VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" 965 1020 "VBoxInternal/Devices/serial/0/LUN#0/AttachedDriver/Config/IsServer" 1</screen> 966 <para>This sets up a serial port in the guest with the default 967 settings for COM1 (IRQ 4, I/O address 0x3f8) and the 1021 1022 <para>This sets up a serial port in the guest with the default settings 1023 for COM1 (IRQ 4, I/O address 0x3f8) and the 968 1024 <computeroutput>Location</computeroutput> setting assumes that this 969 1025 configuration is used on a Windows host, because the Windows named pipe … … 1088 1144 more transparent behavior or may depend on the real port number the 1089 1145 packet was sent from. It is possible to change the NAT mode via the 1090 VBoxManage frontend with the following commands: <screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --nataliasmode proxyonly</screen> 1091 and <screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "Linux Guest" --nataliasmode sameports</screen> 1146 VBoxManage frontend with the following commands: 1147 <screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --nataliasmode1 proxyonly</screen> 1148 and <screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "Linux Guest" --nataliasmode1 sameports</screen> 1092 1149 The first example disables aliasing and switches NAT into transparent 1093 1150 mode, the second example enforces preserving of port values. These modes … … 1288 1345 1289 1346 <glossentry> 1290 <glossterm><computeroutput>--timesync-set-on-restore 0|1</computeroutput></glossterm> 1347 <glossterm><computeroutput>--timesync-set-on-restore 1348 0|1</computeroutput></glossterm> 1291 1349 1292 1350 <glossdef> 1293 1351 <para>Set the time after the VM was restored from a saved state 1294 when passing 1 as parameter (default). Disable by passing 0.1295 In the latter case, the time will be adjusted smoothly which1296 cantake a long time.</para>1352 when passing 1 as parameter (default). Disable by passing 0. In 1353 the latter case, the time will be adjusted smoothly which can 1354 take a long time.</para> 1297 1355 </glossdef> 1298 1356 </glossentry> … … 1302 1360 to VBoxService as well.</para> 1303 1361 </sect2> 1362 </sect1> 1363 1364 <sect1 id="vboxbowsolaris11"> 1365 <title>Installing the alternate bridged networking driver on Solaris 11 1366 hosts</title> 1367 1368 <para>Starting with VirtualBox 4.1, VirtualBox ships a new network filter 1369 driver that utilizes Solaris 11's Crossbow functionality. By default, this 1370 new driver is installed for Solaris 11 hosts (builds 159 and above) that 1371 has support for it.</para> 1372 1373 <para>To force installation of the older STREAMS based network filter 1374 driver, execute as root execute the below command before installing the 1375 VirtualBox package:</para> 1376 1377 <screen>touch /etc/vboxinst_vboxflt</screen> 1378 1379 <para>To force installation of the Crossbow based network filter 1380 driver, execute as root the below command before installing the VirtualBox 1381 package:</para> 1382 1383 <screen>touch /etc/vboxinst_vboxbow</screen> 1384 1385 <para>To check which driver is currently being used by VirtualBox, 1386 execute:</para> 1387 1388 <screen>modinfo | grep vbox</screen> 1389 1390 <para>If the output contains "vboxbow", it indicates VirtualBox is using 1391 the Crossbow network filter driver, while the name "vboxflt" indicates 1392 usage of the older STREAMS network filter.</para> 1393 </sect1> 1394 1395 <sect1 id="vboxbowvnictemplates"> 1396 <title>VirtualBox VNIC templates for VLANs on Solaris 11 hosts</title> 1397 1398 <para>VirtualBox supports VNIC (Virtual Network Interface) templates for 1399 configuring VMs over VLANs.<footnote> 1400 <para>Support for Crossbow based bridged networking was introduced 1401 with VirtualBox 4.1 and requires Solaris 11 build 159 or above.</para> 1402 </footnote> A VirtualBox VNIC template is a VNIC whose name starts with 1403 "vboxvnic_template".</para> 1404 1405 <para>Here is an example of how to use a VNIC template to configure a VLAN 1406 for VMs. Create a VirtualBox VNIC template, by executing as root:</para> 1407 1408 <screen>dladm create-vnic -t -l nge0 -v 23 vboxvnic_template0 1409 </screen> 1410 1411 <para>This will create a temporary VNIC over interface "nge0" with the 1412 VLAN ID 23. To create VNIC templates that are persistent across host 1413 reboots, skip the <computeroutput>-t</computeroutput> parameter in the 1414 above command. You may check the current state of links using:</para> 1415 1416 <para><screen>$ dladm show-link 1417 LINK CLASS MTU STATE BRIDGE OVER 1418 nge0 phys 1500 up -- -- 1419 nge1 phys 1500 down -- -- 1420 vboxvnic_template0 vnic 1500 up -- nge0 1421 1422 $ dladm show-vnic 1423 LINK OVER SPEED MACADDRESS MACADDRTYPE VID 1424 vboxvnic_template0 nge0 1000 2:8:20:25:12:75 random 23 1425 </screen></para> 1426 1427 <para>Once the VNIC template is created, all VMs that need to be part of 1428 VLAN 23 over the physical interface "nge0" can use the same VNIC template. 1429 This makes managing VMs on VLANs simpler and efficient, as the VLAN 1430 details are not stored as part of every VM's configuration but rather 1431 picked up via the VNIC template which can be modified anytime using 1432 <computeroutput>dladm</computeroutput>. Apart from the VLAN ID, VNIC 1433 templates can be created with additional properties such as bandwidth 1434 limits, CPU fanout etc. Refer to your Solaris network documentation on how 1435 to accomplish this. These additional properties, if any, are also applied 1436 to VMs which use the VNIC template.</para> 1304 1437 </sect1> 1305 1438 … … 1345 1478 1346 1479 <sect1 id="solariscodedumper"> 1347 <title>Configuring VirtualBox CoreDumper on Solaris hosts</title>1480 <title>Configuring the VirtualBox CoreDumper on Solaris hosts</title> 1348 1481 1349 1482 <para>VirtualBox is capable of producing its own core files when things go … … 1395 1528 1396 1529 <sect1 id="guitweaks"> 1397 <title>Locking down the GUI</title>1530 <title>Locking down the VirtualBox manager GUI</title> 1398 1531 1399 1532 <para>There are several advanced customization settings for locking down 1400 the GUI, that is, removing some features that the user should not1401 s ee.<screen>VBoxManage setextradata global GUI/Customizations OPTION[,OPTION...]</screen></para>1533 the VirtualBox manager, that is, removing some features that the user 1534 should not see.<screen>VBoxManage setextradata global GUI/Customizations OPTION[,OPTION...]</screen></para> 1402 1535 1403 1536 <para>where <computeroutput>OPTION</computeroutput> is one of the … … 1407 1540 1408 1541 <glossdef> 1409 <para>Don't allow to start the V M selector GUI. Trying to do so1542 <para>Don't allow to start the VirtualBox manager. Trying to do so 1410 1543 will show a window containing a proper error message.</para> 1411 1544 </glossdef> … … 1416 1549 1417 1550 <glossdef> 1418 <para> TheVM windows will not contain a menu bar.</para>1551 <para>VM windows will not contain a menu bar.</para> 1419 1552 </glossdef> 1420 1553 </glossentry> … … 1424 1557 1425 1558 <glossdef> 1426 <para> TheVM windows will not contain a status bar.</para>1559 <para>VM windows will not contain a status bar.</para> 1427 1560 </glossdef> 1428 1561 </glossentry> … … 1431 1564 <para>To disable any GUI customization do <screen>VBoxManage setextradata global GUI/Customizations</screen></para> 1432 1565 1433 <para>To disable all host key combinations, open the global settings and1566 <para>To disable all host key combinations, open the preferences and 1434 1567 change the host key to <emphasis>None</emphasis>. This might be useful 1435 1568 when using VirtualBox in a kiosk mode.</para> 1436 1569 1437 <para>Furthermore, you can disallow certain actions when terminating a VM 1438 from the GUI.To disallow specific actions, type:</para>1570 <para>Furthermore, you can disallow certain actions when terminating a VM. 1571 To disallow specific actions, type:</para> 1439 1572 1440 1573 <para><screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" GUI/RestrictedCloseActions OPTION[,OPTION...]</screen></para> … … 1446 1579 1447 1580 <glossdef> 1448 <para>Don't allow the user to save the VM state plus terminate the1449 VM.</para>1581 <para>Don't allow the user to save the VM state when terminating 1582 the VM.</para> 1450 1583 </glossdef> 1451 1584 </glossentry> … … 1456 1589 <glossdef> 1457 1590 <para>Don't allow the user to shutdown the VM by sending the ACPI 1458 power 1591 power-off event to the guest.</para> 1459 1592 </glossdef> 1460 1593 </glossentry> … … 1478 1611 </glosslist></para> 1479 1612 1480 <para> Combinations of all of these options areallowed. If all options are1481 specified, the VM cannot be shut down from the GUI.</para>1613 <para>Any combination of the above is allowed. If all options are 1614 specified, the VM cannot be shut down at all.</para> 1482 1615 </sect1> 1483 1616 1484 1617 <sect1 id="vboxwebsrv-daemon"> 1485 <title>Starting <computeroutput>vboxwebsrv</computeroutput> 1486 automatically</title> 1487 1488 <para><computeroutput>vboxwebsrv</computeroutput> is used for controlling 1489 VirtualBox remotely. As the client base using this interface is growing, 1490 we added start scripts for the various operation systems we support. The 1491 following describes how to use them. <itemizedlist> 1618 <title>Starting the VirtualBox web service automatically</title> 1619 1620 <para>The VirtualBox web service 1621 (<computeroutput>vboxwebsrv</computeroutput>) is used for controlling 1622 VirtualBox remotely. It is documented in detail in the VirtualBox Software 1623 Development Kit (SDK); please see <xref linkend="VirtualBoxAPI" />. As the 1624 client base using this interface is growing, we added start scripts for 1625 the various operation systems we support. The following describes how to 1626 use them. <itemizedlist> 1492 1627 <listitem> 1493 1628 <para>On Mac OS X, launchd is used. An example configuration file 1494 1629 can be found in 1495 1630 <computeroutput>$HOME/Library/LaunchAgents/org.virtualbox.vboxwebsrv.plist</computeroutput>. 1496 It has tobe enabled by changing the1631 It can be enabled by changing the 1497 1632 <computeroutput>Disabled</computeroutput> key from 1498 1633 <computeroutput>true</computeroutput> to 1499 1634 <computeroutput>false</computeroutput>. To manually start the 1500 service use the following command: <screen>launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/org.virtualbox.vboxwebsrv.plist</screen> 1635 service use the following command: 1636 <screen>launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/org.virtualbox.vboxwebsrv.plist</screen> 1501 1637 For additional information on how launchd services could be 1502 1638 configured see <literal><ulink … … 1505 1641 </itemizedlist></para> 1506 1642 </sect1> 1643 1644 <sect1 id="vboxballoonctrl"> 1645 <title>Memory Ballooning Service</title> 1646 1647 <para>Starting with VirtualBox 4.0.8 a new host executable called 1648 <computeroutput>VBoxBalloonCtrl</computeroutput> is available to 1649 automatically take care of a VM's configured memory balloon 1650 (see <xref linkend="guestadd-balloon" /> for an introduction to memory 1651 ballooning). This is especially useful for server environments where 1652 VMs may dynamically require more or less memory during runtime.</para> 1653 1654 <para>VBoxBalloonCtrl periodically checks a VM's current memory balloon 1655 and its free guest RAM and automatically adjusts the current memory 1656 balloon by inflating or deflating it accordingly. This handling only 1657 applies to running VMs having recent Guest Additions installed.</para> 1658 1659 <para>To set up VBoxBalloonCtrl and adjust the maximum ballooning size a 1660 VM can reach the following parameters will be checked in the following 1661 order: 1662 <itemizedlist> 1663 <listitem>specified via VBoxBalloonCtrl command line parameter 1664 <computeroutput>--balloon-max</computeroutput></listitem> 1665 <listitem>per-VM parameter using 1666 <screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM-Name" VBoxInternal/Guest/BalloonSizeMax <Size in MB></screen></listitem> 1667 <listitem>global parameter for all VMs using 1668 <screen>VBoxManage setextradata global VBoxInternal/Guest/BalloonSizeMax <Size in MB></screen></listitem> 1669 </itemizedlist> 1670 <note> 1671 <para>If no maximum ballooning size is specified by at least one of the 1672 parameters above, no ballooning will be performed at all.</para> 1673 </note> 1674 </para> 1675 1676 <para>For more options and parameters check the built-in command line help 1677 accessible with <computeroutput>--help</computeroutput>.</para> 1678 </sect1> 1507 1679 </chapter> -
trunk/doc/manual/fr_FR/user_BasicConcepts.xml
r34084 r38233 746 746 Microsoft Windows ou, sur les systèmes Linux, le programme standard 747 747 libre <computeroutput>rdesktop</computeroutput>. Ces fonctionnalités 748 sont décrites en détail au <xref linkend="vrd p" />.</para>748 sont décrites en détail au <xref linkend="vrde" />.</para> 749 749 </glossdef> 750 750 </glossentry> … … 911 911 aussi choisir entre les sous systèmes OSS, ALSA ou PulseAudio. Sur les 912 912 distributions Linux récentes, (Fedora 8 et supérieur, Ubuntu 8.04 et supérieur), 913 vous devriez préférer le sous-système PulseAudio.<note> 914 <para>Les versions récentes de Windows n'incluent pas de pilotes pour le 915 matériel audio virtuel émulé par VirtualBox. Ceci vaut pour Windows 7 916 (versions 32 bits et 64 bits) ainsi que pour Windows Vista 64 bits. 917 Voir le <xref linkend="win7_audio" /> pour des instructions sur la façon 918 de résoudre ce problème.</para> 919 </note></para> 913 vous devriez préférer le sous-système PulseAudio.</para> 920 914 </sect1> 921 915 -
trunk/doc/manual/fr_FR/user_ChangeLog.xml
r31735 r38233 14 14 In addition, each build contains a revision number.</para> 15 15 16 <xi:include href="../user_ChangeLogImpl.xml" xpointer="element(/1)" 17 xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" /> 16 <!--$VIRTUALBOX_CHANGELOG_IMPL--> 17 18 <para>With VirtualBox 3.2, changelog information for versions before 2.0 was removed in 19 order to save space. To access this information, please consult the User Manual of 20 VirtualBox version 3.1 or earlier.</para> 18 21 19 22 </chapter> -
trunk/doc/manual/fr_FR/user_Frontends.xml
r33386 r38233 1 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 2 <!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" 3 3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd"> 4 4 <chapter> 5 5 <title>Remote virtual machines</title> 6 6 7 7 <sect1> 8 <title id="vrdp">Remote display (VRDP support)</title> 9 10 <para>VirtualBox, the graphical user interface, has a built-in server for 11 the VirtualBox Remote Desktop Protocol (VRDP). This allows you to see the 12 output of a virtual machine's window remotely on any other computer and 13 control the virtual machine from there, as if the virtual machine was 14 running locally.</para> 8 <title id="vrde">Remote display (VRDP support)</title> 9 10 <para>VirtualBox can display virtual machines remotely, meaning that a 11 virtual machine can execute on one machine even though the machine will be 12 displayed on a second computer, and the machine will be controlled from 13 there as well, as if the virtual machine was running on that second 14 computer.</para> 15 16 <para>For maximum flexibility, starting with VirtualBox 4.0, VirtualBox 17 implements remote machine display through a generic extension interface, 18 the VirtualBox Remote Desktop Extension (VRDE). The base open-source 19 VirtualBox package only provides this interface, while implementations can 20 be supplied by third parties with VirtualBox extension packages, which 21 must be installed separately from the base package. See <xref 22 linkend="intro-installing" /> for more information.</para> 23 24 <para>Oracle provides support for the <emphasis role="bold">VirtualBox 25 Remote Display Protocol (VRDP)</emphasis> in such a VirtualBox extension 26 package. When this package is installed, VirtualBox versions 4.0 and later 27 support VRDP the same way as binary (non-open-source) versions of 28 VirtualBox before 4.0 did.</para> 15 29 16 30 <para>VRDP is a backwards-compatible extension to Microsoft's Remote … … 20 34 remote VM.</para> 21 35 22 <para> With <computeroutput>VirtualBox</computeroutput>, the graphical user23 interface, the VRDP server is disabled by default, but can easily be24 enabled on a per-VM basis either in the "Display" settings (see <xref36 <para>Even when the extension is installed, the VRDP server is disabled by 37 default. It can easily be enabled on a per-VM basis either in the 38 VirtualBox Manager in the "Display" settings (see <xref 25 39 linkend="settings-display" />) or with 26 <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput>:<screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --vrd pon</screen></para>40 <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput>:<screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --vrde on</screen></para> 27 41 28 42 <para>If you use <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput> (described … … 33 47 <title>Common third-party RDP viewers</title> 34 48 35 <para>You can use any standard RDP viewer to connect to such a remote 36 virtual machine (examples follow below). For this to work, you must 37 specify the <emphasis role="bold">IP address</emphasis> of your 49 <para>Since VRDP is backwards-compatible to RDP, you can use any 50 standard RDP viewer to connect to such a remote virtual machine 51 (examples follow below). For this to work, you must specify the 52 <emphasis role="bold">IP address</emphasis> of your 38 53 <emphasis>host</emphasis> system (not of the virtual machine!) as the 39 54 server address to connect to, as well as the <emphasis role="bold">port 40 55 number</emphasis> that the RDP server is using.</para> 41 56 42 <para>By default, the VRDP server uses the standard RDPTCP port57 <para>By default, VRDP uses TCP port 43 58 <computeroutput>3389</computeroutput>. You will need to change the 44 59 default port if you run more than one VRDP server, since the port can … … 50 65 <para>The port can be changed either in the "Display" settings of the 51 66 graphical user interface or with 52 <computeroutput>--vrd pport</computeroutput> option of the67 <computeroutput>--vrdeport</computeroutput> option of the 53 68 <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm</computeroutput> command. You can 54 69 specify a comma-separated list of ports or ranges of ports. Use a dash … … 56 71 to <emphasis role="bold">one</emphasis> of available ports from the 57 72 specified list. For example, <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM 58 name" --vrd pport 5000,5010-5012</computeroutput> will configure the73 name" --vrdeport 5000,5010-5012</computeroutput> will configure the 59 74 server to bind to one of the ports 5000, 5010, 5011 or 5012. See <xref 60 75 linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" /> for details.</para> … … 62 77 <para>The actual port used by a running VM can be either queried with 63 78 <computeroutput>VBoxManage showvminfo</computeroutput> command or seen 64 in the GUI on the <computeroutput>Runtime</computeroutput> tab of the 65 <computeroutput>Session Information Dialog</computeroutput>, which is 66 accessible via the <computeroutput>Machine</computeroutput> menu of the 67 VM window.</para> 79 in the GUI on the "Runtime" tab of the "Session Information Dialog", 80 which is accessible via the "Machine" menu of the VM window.</para> 68 81 69 82 <para>Here follow examples for the most common RDP viewers:<itemizedlist> … … 80 93 different port if necessary.</para> 81 94 82 <note><para>When connecting to localhost in order to test the connection, 83 the addresses <computeroutput>localhost</computeroutput> and 84 <computeroutput>127.0.0.1</computeroutput> might not work using 85 <computeroutput>mstsc.exe</computeroutput>. Instead, the address 86 <computeroutput>127.0.0.2[:3389]</computeroutput> has to be used.</para></note> 95 <note> 96 <para>When connecting to localhost in order to test the 97 connection, the addresses 98 <computeroutput>localhost</computeroutput> and 99 <computeroutput>127.0.0.1</computeroutput> might not work using 100 <computeroutput>mstsc.exe</computeroutput>. Instead, the address 101 <computeroutput>127.0.0.2[:3389]</computeroutput> has to be 102 used.</para> 103 </note> 87 104 </listitem> 88 105 … … 116 133 with krdc to switch it into RDP mode.</para> 117 134 </listitem> 135 136 <listitem> 137 <para>With Sun Ray thin clients you can use 138 <computeroutput>uttsc</computeroutput>, which is part of the 139 Sun Ray Windows Connector package. See the corresponding 140 documentation for details.</para> 141 </listitem> 118 142 </itemizedlist></para> 119 143 </sect2> 120 144 121 145 <sect2 id="vboxheadless"> 122 <title>VBoxHeadless, the VRDP-only server</title> 123 124 <para>While the VRDP server that is built into the 125 <computeroutput>VirtualBox</computeroutput> GUI is perfectly capable of 146 <title>VBoxHeadless, the remote desktop server</title> 147 148 <para>While any VM started from the VirtualBox Manager is capable of 126 149 running virtual machines remotely, it is not convenient to have to run 127 <computeroutput>VirtualBox</computeroutput> if you never want to have 128 VMs displayed locally in the first place. In particular, if you are 129 running servers whose only purpose is to host VMs, and all your VMs are 130 supposed to run remotely over VRDP, then it is pointless to have a 131 graphical user interface on the server at all -- especially since, on a 132 Linux or Solaris host, <computeroutput>VirtualBox</computeroutput> comes 133 with dependencies on the Qt and SDL libraries, which is inconvenient if 134 you would rather not have the X Window system on your server at 135 all.</para> 150 the full-fledged GUI if you never want to have VMs displayed locally in 151 the first place. In particular, if you are running server hardware whose 152 only purpose is to host VMs, and all your VMs are supposed to run 153 remotely over VRDP, then it is pointless to have a graphical user 154 interface on the server at all -- especially since, on a Linux or 155 Solaris host, the VirtualBox manager comes with dependencies on the Qt 156 and SDL libraries. This is inconvenient if you would rather not have the 157 X Window system on your server at all.</para> 136 158 137 159 <para>VirtualBox therefore comes with yet another front-end called 138 160 <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput>, which produces no visible 139 output on the host at all, but instead only delivers VRDP data.<footnote> 161 output on the host at all, but instead only delivers VRDP data. This 162 front-end has no dependencies on the X Window system on Linux and 163 Solaris hosts.<footnote> 140 164 <para>Before VirtualBox 1.6, the headless server was called 141 165 <computeroutput>VBoxVRDP</computeroutput>. For the sake of backwards … … 144 168 </footnote></para> 145 169 146 <para>To start a virtual machine with VBoxHeadless, you have two 170 <para>To start a virtual machine with 171 <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput>, you have two 147 172 options:</para> 148 173 149 174 <itemizedlist> 150 175 <listitem> 151 <para>You can use <screen>VBoxManage startvm "VM name" --type vrdp</screen> 152 The extra <computeroutput>--type</computeroutput> option causes the 153 VirtualBox core to use <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput> 154 as the front-end to the internal virtualization engine.</para> 176 <para>You can use <screen>VBoxManage startvm "VM name" --type headless</screen>The 177 extra <computeroutput>--type</computeroutput> option causes 178 VirtualBox to use <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput> as 179 the front-end to the internal virtualization engine instead of the 180 Qt front-end.</para> 155 181 </listitem> 156 182 … … 160 186 follows:<screen>VBoxHeadless --startvm <uuid|name></screen></para> 161 187 162 <para>This way of starting the VM has the advantage thatyou can see188 <para>This way of starting the VM is preferred because you can see 163 189 more detailed error messages, especially for early failures before 164 190 the VM execution is started. If you have trouble with … … 171 197 <para>Note that when you use 172 198 <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput> to start a VM, since the 173 headless server has no other means of output, the built-in VRDP server174 will <emphasis>always</emphasis> be enabled, regardless of whether you175 have enabled the VRDP server in the VM's settings. If this is176 undesirable(for example because you want to access the VM via199 headless server has no other means of output, the VRDP server will 200 <emphasis>always</emphasis> be enabled, regardless of whether you had 201 enabled the VRDP server in the VM's settings. If this is undesirable 202 (for example because you want to access the VM via 177 203 <computeroutput>ssh</computeroutput> only), start the VM like 178 this:<screen>VBoxHeadless --startvm <uuid|name> --vrd p=off</screen>To179 have the VRDP server use the setting fromthe VM configuration, as the180 other front-ends would, use this:<screen>VBoxHeadless --startvm <uuid|name> --vrd p=config</screen></para>204 this:<screen>VBoxHeadless --startvm <uuid|name> --vrde=off</screen>To 205 have the VRDP server enabled depending on the VM configuration, as the 206 other front-ends would, use this:<screen>VBoxHeadless --startvm <uuid|name> --vrde=config</screen></para> 181 207 </sect2> 182 208 … … 187 213 <para>The following instructions may give you an idea how to create a 188 214 virtual machine on a headless server over a network connection. We will 189 create a virtual machine, establish a VRDP connection and install a215 create a virtual machine, establish an RDP connection and install a 190 216 guest operating system -- all without having to touch the headless 191 217 server. All you need is the following:</para> … … 194 220 <listitem> 195 221 <para>VirtualBox on a server machine with a supported host 196 operating system; for the following example, we will assume a 197 Linux server;</para> 198 </listitem> 199 200 <listitem> 201 <para>an ISO file on the server, containing the installation data 202 for the guest operating system to install (we will assume Windows 203 XP in the following example);</para> 204 </listitem> 205 206 <listitem> 207 <para>a terminal connection to that host over which you can access 208 a command line (e.g. via <computeroutput>telnet</computeroutput> 209 or <computeroutput>ssh</computeroutput>);</para> 210 </listitem> 211 212 <listitem> 213 <para>an RDP viewer on the remote client; see <xref 222 operating system. The VirtualBox extension pack for the VRDP 223 server must be installed (see the previous section). For the 224 following example, we will assume a Linux server.</para> 225 </listitem> 226 227 <listitem> 228 <para>An ISO file accessible from the server, containing the 229 installation data for the guest operating system to install (we 230 will assume Windows XP in the following example).</para> 231 </listitem> 232 233 <listitem> 234 <para>A terminal connection to that host through which you can 235 access a command line (e.g. via 236 <computeroutput>ssh</computeroutput>).</para> 237 </listitem> 238 239 <listitem> 240 <para>An RDP viewer on the remote client; see <xref 214 241 linkend="rdp-viewers" /> above for examples.</para> 215 242 </listitem> … … 226 253 <para>Note that if you do not specify 227 254 <computeroutput>--register</computeroutput>, you will have to 228 manually use the registervm command later.</para> 255 manually use the <computeroutput>registervm</computeroutput> 256 command later.</para> 229 257 230 258 <para>Note further that you do not need to specify 231 <computeroutput>--ostype</computeroutput> but doing so selects259 <computeroutput>--ostype</computeroutput>, but doing so selects 232 260 some sane default values for certain VM parameters, for example 233 261 the RAM size and the type of the virtual network device. To get a … … 244 272 <listitem> 245 273 <para>Create a virtual hard disk for the VM (in this case, 10GB in 246 size) and register it with VirtualBox:<screen>VBoxManage createhd --filename "WinXP.vdi" --size 10000 --remember</screen></para>274 size):<screen>VBoxManage createhd --filename "WinXP.vdi" --size 10000</screen></para> 247 275 </listitem> 248 276 … … 253 281 254 282 <listitem> 255 <para>Set th is newly created VDI file as the first virtual hard283 <para>Set the VDI file created above as the first virtual hard 256 284 disk of the new VM:<screen>VBoxManage storageattach "Windows XP" --storagectl "IDE Controller" 257 285 --port 0 --device 0 --type hdd --medium "WinXP.vdi"</screen></para> … … 259 287 260 288 <listitem> 261 <para>Register the ISO file that contains the operating system 262 installation that you want to install later:<screen>VBoxManage openmedium dvd /full/path/to/iso.iso</screen></para> 263 </listitem> 264 265 <listitem> 266 <para>Attach this ISO to the virtual machine, so it can boot from 267 it:<screen>VBoxManage storageattach "Windows XP" --storagectl "IDE Controller" 289 <para>Attach the ISO file that contains the operating system 290 installation that you want to install later to the virtual 291 machine, so the machine can boot from it:<screen>VBoxManage storageattach "Windows XP" --storagectl "IDE Controller" 268 292 --port 0 --device 1 --type dvddrive --medium /full/path/to/iso.iso</screen></para> 269 293 </listitem> … … 283 307 284 308 <para>You should now be seeing the installation routine of your 285 guest operating system in the RDP viewer.</para>309 guest operating system remotely in the RDP viewer.</para> 286 310 </listitem> 287 311 </orderedlist></para> … … 294 318 supports remote USB devices over the wire as well. That is, the 295 319 VirtualBox guest that runs on one computer can access the USB devices of 296 the remote computer on which the RDP data is being displayed the same320 the remote computer on which the VRDP data is being displayed the same 297 321 way as USB devices that are connected to the actual host. This allows 298 322 for running virtual machines on a VirtualBox host that acts as a server, … … 309 333 <para>Accessing remote USB devices is only possible if the RDP client 310 334 supports this extension. On Linux and Solaris hosts, the VirtualBox 311 installation provides a suitable RDP client called 312 <computeroutput>rdesktop-vrdp</computeroutput>. RDP clients for other 313 platforms will be provided in future VirtualBox versions.</para> 314 315 <para>To make a remote USB device available to a VM, rdesktop-vrdp 316 should be started as follows:<screen>rdesktop-vrdp -r usb -a 16 -N my.host.address</screen>Note 335 installation provides a suitable VRDP client called 336 <computeroutput>rdesktop-vrdp</computeroutput>. Recent versions of 337 <computeroutput>uttsc</computeroutput>, a client tailored for the use 338 with Sun Ray thin clients, also support accessing remote USB devices. 339 RDP clients for other platforms will be provided in future VirtualBox 340 versions.</para> 341 342 <para>To make a remote USB device available to a VM, 343 <computeroutput>rdesktop-vrdp</computeroutput> should be started as 344 follows:<screen>rdesktop-vrdp -r usb -a 16 -N my.host.address</screen>Note 317 345 that <computeroutput>rdesktop-vrdp</computeroutput> can access USB 318 346 devices only through <computeroutput>/proc/bus/usb</computeroutput>. … … 329 357 330 358 <para>For each virtual machine that is remotely accessible via RDP, you 331 can individually determine if and how RDP connections are 332 authenticated.</para> 333 334 <para>For this, use <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm</computeroutput> 335 command with the <computeroutput>--vrdeauthtype</computeroutput> option; 336 see <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" /> for a general introduction. 337 Three methods of authentication are available:<itemizedlist> 359 can individually determine if and how client connections are 360 authenticated. For this, use <computeroutput>VBoxManage 361 modifyvm</computeroutput> command with the 362 <computeroutput>--vrdeauthtype</computeroutput> option; see <xref 363 linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" /> for a general introduction. Three 364 methods of authentication are available:<itemizedlist> 338 365 <listitem> 339 366 <para>The "null" method means that there is no authentication at … … 345 372 <listitem> 346 373 <para>The "external" method provides external authentication 347 through a special authentication library.</para> 348 349 <para>VirtualBox comes with three default libraries for external 350 authentication:<itemizedlist> 374 through a special authentication library. VirtualBox ships with 375 two such authentication libraries:<orderedlist> 351 376 <listitem> 352 <para>On Linux hosts, 353 <computeroutput>VBoxAuth.so</computeroutput> authenticates 354 users against the host's PAM system.</para> 377 <para>The default authentication library, 378 <computeroutput>VBoxAuth</computeroutput>, authenticates 379 against user credentials of the hosts. Depending on the host 380 platform, this means:<itemizedlist> 381 <listitem> 382 <para>On Linux hosts, 383 <computeroutput>VBoxAuth.so</computeroutput> 384 authenticates users against the host's PAM 385 system.</para> 386 </listitem> 387 388 <listitem> 389 <para>On Windows hosts, 390 <computeroutput>VBoxAuth.dll</computeroutput> 391 authenticates users against the host's WinLogon 392 system.</para> 393 </listitem> 394 395 <listitem> 396 <para>On Mac OS X hosts, 397 <computeroutput>VBoxAuth.dylib</computeroutput> 398 authenticates users against the host's directory 399 service.<footnote> 400 <para>Support for Mac OS X was added in version 401 3.2.</para> 402 </footnote></para> 403 </listitem> 404 </itemizedlist></para> 405 406 <para>In other words, the "external" method per default 407 performs authentication with the user accounts that exist on 408 the host system. Any user with valid authentication 409 credentials is accepted, i.e. the username does not have to 410 correspond to the user running the VM.</para> 355 411 </listitem> 356 412 357 413 <listitem> 358 <para>On Windows hosts, 359 <computeroutput>VBoxAuth.dll</computeroutput> authenticates 360 users against the host's WinLogon system.</para> 414 <para>An additional library called 415 <computeroutput>VBoxAuthSimple</computeroutput> performs 416 authentication against credentials configured in the 417 "extradata" section of a virtual machine's XML settings 418 file. This is probably the simplest way to get 419 authentication that does not depend on a running and 420 supported guest (see below). The following steps are 421 required:<orderedlist> 422 <listitem> 423 <para>Enable 424 <computeroutput>VBoxAuthSimple</computeroutput> with 425 the following command:</para> 426 427 <para><screen>VBoxManage setproperty vrdeauthlibrary "VBoxAuthSimple"</screen></para> 428 </listitem> 429 430 <listitem> 431 <para>To enable the library for a particular VM, you 432 must then switch authentication to external:<screen>VBoxManage modifyvm <vm> --vrdeauthtype external</screen></para> 433 434 <para>Replace 435 <computeroutput><vm></computeroutput> with the 436 VM name or UUID.</para> 437 </listitem> 438 439 <listitem> 440 <para>You will then need to configure users and 441 passwords by writing items into the machine's 442 extradata. Since the XML machine settings file, into 443 whose "extradata" section the password needs to be 444 written, is a plain text file, VirtualBox uses hashes 445 to encrypt passwords. The following command must be 446 used:<screen>VBoxManage setextradata <vm> "VBoxAuthSimple/users/<user>" <hash></screen></para> 447 448 <para>Replace 449 <computeroutput><vm></computeroutput> with the 450 VM name or UUID, 451 <computeroutput><user></computeroutput> with the 452 user name who should be allowed to log in and 453 <computeroutput><hash></computeroutput> with the 454 encrypted password. As an example, to obtain the hash 455 value for the password "secret", you can use the 456 following command:<screen>VBoxManage internalcommands passwordhash "secret"</screen></para> 457 458 <para>This will print 459 <screen>2bb80d537b1da3e38bd30361aa855686bde0eacd7162fef6a25fe97bf527a25b</screen> 460 You can then use VBoxManage setextradata to store this 461 value in the machine's "extradata" section.</para> 462 463 <para>As example, combined together, to set the 464 password for the user "john" and the machine "My VM" 465 to "secret", use this command:<screen>VBoxManage setextradata "My VM" "VBoxAuthSimple/users/john" 466 2bb80d537b1da3e38bd30361aa855686bde0eacd7162fef6a25fe97bf527a25b</screen></para> 467 </listitem> 468 </orderedlist></para> 361 469 </listitem> 362 363 <listitem> 364 <para>On Mac OS X hosts, 365 <computeroutput>VBoxAuth.dylib</computeroutput> 366 authenticates users against the host's directory 367 service.<footnote> 368 <para>Support for Mac OS X was added in version 369 3.2.</para> 370 </footnote></para> 371 </listitem> 372 </itemizedlist></para> 373 374 <para>In other words, the "external" method per default performs 375 authentication with the user accounts that exist on the host 376 system. Any user with valid authentication credentials is 377 accepted, i.e. the username does not have to correspond to the 378 user running the VM.</para> 379 </listitem> 380 381 <listitem> 382 <para>An additional library called 383 <computeroutput>VBoxAuthSimple</computeroutput> performs authentication 384 against credentials configured in the VM's extra data section. This is 385 probably the simplest way to get authentication that does not depend 386 on a running and supported guest (see below). In order to enable 387 VBoxAuthSimple, issue 388 <computeroutput>VBoxManage setproperty vrdeauthlibrary "VBoxAuthSimple"</computeroutput>. 389 To enable the library for a VM, switch authentication to external using 390 <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --vrdpauthtype external</computeroutput>. 391 Last but not least, you have to configure users and passwords. Here is an example 392 for the user "john" with the password "secret": 393 <computeroutput>VBoxManage internalcommands passwordhash "secret"</computeroutput> 394 This will give you the hash value "2bb80d537b1da3e38bd30361aa855686bde0eacd7162fef6a25fe97bf527a25b" 395 which you set using 396 <computeroutput>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" "VBoxAuthSimple/users/john" 397 "2bb80d537b1da3e38bd30361aa855686bde0eacd7162fef6a25fe97bf527a25b"</computeroutput>. 398 </para> 470 </orderedlist></para> 399 471 </listitem> 400 472 … … 402 474 <para>Finally, the "guest" authentication method performs 403 475 authentication with a special component that comes with the Guest 404 Additions; as a result, authentication is not performed with the 405 host users, but with the guest user accounts. This method is 406 currently still in testing and not yet supported.</para> 476 Additions; as a result, authentication is not performed on the 477 host, but with the <emphasis>guest</emphasis> user 478 accounts.</para> 479 480 <para>This method is currently still in testing and not yet 481 supported.</para> 407 482 </listitem> 408 483 </itemizedlist></para> 409 410 <para>In addition to the methods described above, you can replace the 411 default "external authentication module with any other module. For this, 412 VirtualBox provides a well-defined interface that allows you to write your 413 own authentication module; see <xref linkend="vbox-authenticate-sdk" /> 414 for details.</para> 415 </sect2> 416 417 <sect2 id="vrdp-crypt"> 484 485 <para>In addition to the methods described above, you can replace the 486 default "external" authentication module with any other module. For 487 this, VirtualBox provides a well-defined interface that allows you to 488 write your own authentication module. This is described in detail in the 489 VirtualBox Software Development Kit (SDK) reference; please see <xref 490 linkend="VirtualBoxAPI" /> for details.</para> 491 </sect2> 492 493 <sect2 id="vrde-crypt"> 418 494 <title>RDP encryption</title> 419 495 … … 422 498 replaced in regular intervals (every 4096 packets).</para> 423 499 424 <para>RDP provides threedifferent authentication methods:<orderedlist>500 <para>RDP provides different authentication methods:<orderedlist> 425 501 <listitem> 426 502 <para>Historically, RDP4 authentication was used, with which the 427 503 RDP client does not perform any checks in order to verify the 428 504 identity of the server it connects to. Since user credentials can 429 be obtained using a man in the middle(MITM) attack, RDP4505 be obtained using a "man in the middle" (MITM) attack, RDP4 430 506 authentication is insecure and should generally not be 431 507 used.</para> … … 437 513 that the server possess the corresponding private key. However, as 438 514 this hard-coded private key became public some years ago, RDP5.1 439 authentication is also insecure and cannot be recommended.</para> 440 </listitem> 441 442 <listitem> 443 <para>RDP5.2 authentication is based on TLS 1.0 with 444 customer-supplied certificates. The server supplies a certificate 445 to the client which must be signed by a certificate authority (CA) 446 that the client trusts (for the Microsoft RDP Client 5.2, the CA 447 has to be added to the Windows Trusted Root Certificate 448 Authorities database). VirtualBox allows you to supply your own CA 449 and server certificate and uses OpenSSL for encryption.</para> 515 authentication is also insecure.</para> 516 </listitem> 517 518 <listitem> 519 <para>RDP5.2 authentication uses the Enhanced RDP Security, which 520 means that an external security protocol is used to secure the 521 connection. RDP4 and RDP5.1 use Standard RDP Security. 522 VRDP server supports Enhanced RDP Security with TLS protocol and, 523 as a part of TLS handshake, sends the server certificate to the 524 client.</para> 525 526 <para>The <computeroutput>Security/Method</computeroutput> VRDE 527 property sets the desired security method, which is used for a 528 connection. Valid values are:<itemizedlist> 529 <listitem> 530 <computeroutput>Negotiate</computeroutput> - both Enhanced (TLS) 531 and Standard RDP Security connections are allowed. The security 532 method is negotiated with the client. This is the default setting. 533 </listitem> 534 535 <listitem> 536 <computeroutput>RDP</computeroutput> - only Standard RDP Security 537 is accepted. 538 </listitem> 539 540 <listitem> 541 <computeroutput>TLS</computeroutput> - only Enhanced RDP Security 542 is accepted. The client must support TLS. 543 </listitem> 544 </itemizedlist> 545 For example the following command allows a client to use either Standard 546 or Enhanced RDP Security connection: 547 <screen>vboxmanage modifyvm NAME --vrdeproperty "Security/Method=negotiate"</screen> 548 </para> 549 550 <para>If the <computeroutput>Security/Method</computeroutput> property is 551 set to either <computeroutput>Negotiate</computeroutput> or 552 <computeroutput>TLS</computeroutput>, the TLS protocol will be automatically 553 used by the server, if the client supports TLS. However in order to use TLS 554 the server must possess the Server Certificate, the Server Private Key and the 555 Certificate Authority (CA) Certificate. The following example shows how to 556 generate a server certificate.<orderedlist> 557 <listitem> 558 Create a CA self signed certificate: 559 <screen>openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -extensions v3_ca -keyout ca_key_private.pem -out ca_cert.pem</screen> 560 </listitem> 561 562 <listitem> 563 Generate a server private key and a request for signing: 564 <screen>openssl genrsa -out server_key_private.pem 565 openssl req -new -key server_key_private.pem -out server_req.pem</screen> 566 </listitem> 567 568 <listitem> 569 Generate the server certificate: 570 <screen>openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server_req.pem -CA ca_cert.pem -CAkey ca_key_private.pem -set_serial 01 -out server_cert.pem</screen> 571 </listitem> 572 </orderedlist> 573 The server must be configured to access the required files: 574 <screen>vboxmanage modifyvm NAME --vrdeproperty "Security/CACertificate=path/ca_cert.pem"</screen> 575 <screen>vboxmanage modifyvm NAME --vrdeproperty "Security/ServerCertificate=path/server_cert.pem"</screen> 576 <screen>vboxmanage modifyvm NAME --vrdeproperty "Security/ServerPrivateKey=path/server_key_private.pem"</screen> 577 </para> 450 578 </listitem> 451 579 </orderedlist></para> 452 580 453 <para>While VirtualBox supports all of the above, only RDP5.2 454 authentication should be used in environments where security is a 455 concern. As the client that connects to the server determines what type 581 <para>As the client that connects to the server determines what type 456 582 of encryption will be used, with rdesktop, the Linux RDP viewer, use the 457 583 <computeroutput>-4</computeroutput> or … … 459 585 </sect2> 460 586 461 <sect2 id="vrd p-multiconnection">462 <title>Multiple VRDP connections</title>463 464 <para>The built-in RDP server of VirtualBox supportssimultaneous587 <sect2 id="vrde-multiconnection"> 588 <title>Multiple connections to the VRDP server</title> 589 590 <para>The VRDP server of VirtualBox supports multiple simultaneous 465 591 connections to the same running VM from different clients. All connected 466 592 clients see the same screen output and share a mouse pointer and … … 468 594 computer at the same time, taking turns at the keyboard.</para> 469 595 470 <para>The following command enables multiple connection mode: <screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --vrd pmulticon on</screen></para>471 </sect2> 472 473 <sect2 id="vrd p-multimonitor">596 <para>The following command enables multiple connection mode: <screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --vrdemulticon on</screen></para> 597 </sect2> 598 599 <sect2 id="vrde-multimonitor"> 474 600 <title>Multiple remote monitors</title> 475 601 476 <para> 477 To access two or more remote VM displays you have to enable the478 VRDP multiconnection mode (see <xref linkend="vrdp-multiconnection" />).</para>602 <para>To access two or more remote VM displays you have to enable the 603 VRDP multiconnection mode (see <xref 604 linkend="vrde-multiconnection" />).</para> 479 605 480 606 <para>The RDP client can select the virtual monitor number to connect to 481 482 (<computeroutput>-d</computeroutput>). If483 the parameter ends with <computeroutput>@</computeroutput> followed by a484 number, the VirtualBox RDP server interprets this number as the screen index.485 The primary guest screen is selected with486 <computeroutput>@1</computeroutput>, the first secondary screen is487 <computeroutput>@2</computeroutput>, etc.</para> 488 489 <para>The MS RDP6 client does not let you specify a separate domain490 name. Instead, use <computeroutput>domain\username</computeroutput> in491 the<computeroutput>Username:</computeroutput> field -- for example,607 using the <computeroutput>domain</computeroutput> logon parameter 608 (<computeroutput>-d</computeroutput>). If the parameter ends with 609 <computeroutput>@</computeroutput> followed by a number, VirtualBox 610 interprets this number as the screen index. The primary guest screen is 611 selected with <computeroutput>@1</computeroutput>, the first secondary 612 screen is <computeroutput>@2</computeroutput>, etc.</para> 613 614 <para>The Microsoft RDP6 client does not let you specify a separate 615 domain name. Instead, use 616 <computeroutput>domain\username</computeroutput> in the 617 <computeroutput>Username:</computeroutput> field -- for example, 492 618 <computeroutput>@2\name</computeroutput>. 493 619 <computeroutput>name</computeroutput> must be supplied, and must be the … … 496 622 </sect2> 497 623 498 <sect2 id="vrd p-videochannel">624 <sect2 id="vrde-videochannel"> 499 625 <title>VRDP video redirection</title> 500 626 … … 505 631 compression ratio by lowering the video quality.</para> 506 632 507 <para>Video streams in a guest are detected by the VRDP server 508 automatically as frequently updated rectangular areas. Therefore, this 509 method works with any guest operating system without having to install 510 additional software in the guest.</para> 633 <para>The VRDP server automatically detects video streams in a guest as 634 frequently updated rectangular areas. As a result, this method works 635 with any guest operating system without having to install additional 636 software in the guest; in particular, the Guest Additions are not 637 required.</para> 511 638 512 639 <para>On the client side, however, currently only the Windows 7 Remote 513 640 Desktop Connection client supports this feature. If a client does not 514 support video redirection, the VRDP server usesregular bitmap641 support video redirection, the VRDP server falls back to regular bitmap 515 642 updates.</para> 516 643 517 <para>The following command enables video redirection: <screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --vrd pvideochannel on</screen></para>644 <para>The following command enables video redirection: <screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --vrdevideochannel on</screen></para> 518 645 519 646 <para>The quality of the video is defined as a value from 10 to 100 520 percent, as is common with JPEG compression. The quality can be changed 521 using the following command: <screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --vrdpvideochannelquality 75</screen></para> 522 </sect2> 523 524 <sect2 id="vrdp-customization"> 647 percent, representing a JPEG compression level (where lower numbers mean 648 lower quality but higher compression). The quality can be changed using 649 the following command: <screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --vrdevideochannelquality 75</screen></para> 650 </sect2> 651 652 <sect2 id="vrde-customization"> 525 653 <title>VRDP customization</title> 526 654 527 <para>Starting with VirtualBox 3.2.10, it is possible to disable display output, 528 mouse and keyboard input, audio, remote USB or clipboard in the VRDP server.</para> 529 530 <para>The following commands change corresponding server settings:</para> 655 <para>With VirtualBox 4.0 it is possible to disable display output, 656 mouse and keyboard input, audio, remote USB or clipboard individually in 657 the VRDP server.</para> 658 659 <para>The following commands change corresponding server 660 settings:</para> 661 662 <screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --vrdeproperty Client/DisableDisplay=1 663 VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --vrdeproperty Client/DisableInput=1 664 VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --vrdeproperty Client/DisableUSB=1 665 VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --vrdeproperty Client/DisableAudio=1 666 VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --vrdeproperty Client/DisableClipboard=1 667 VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --vrdeproperty Client/DisableUpstreamAudio=1</screen> 668 669 <para>To reenable a feature use a similar command without the trailing 670 1. For example: <screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --vrdeproperty Client/DisableDisplay=</screen></para> 671 672 <para>These properties were introduced with VirtualBox 3.2.10. However, 673 in the 3.2.x series, it was necessary to use the following commands to 674 alter these settings instead:</para> 531 675 532 676 <screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" "VRDP/Feature/Client/DisableDisplay" 1 … … 536 680 VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" "VRDP/Feature/Client/DisableClipboard" 1</screen> 537 681 538 <para>To reenable a feature use a similar command without the trailing 1. For example:539 <screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" "VRDP/Feature/Client/DisableDisplay"</screen></para>682 <para>To reenable a feature use a similar command without the trailing 683 1. For example: <screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" "VRDP/Feature/Client/DisableDisplay"</screen></para> 540 684 </sect2> 541 685 </sect1> -
trunk/doc/manual/fr_FR/user_Glossary.xml
r31735 r38233 1 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 2 <!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" 3 3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd"> 4 4 <glossary id="Glossary"> 5 5 <glossdiv> … … 224 224 </glossdef> 225 225 </glossentry> 226 227 <glossentry> 228 <glossterm>MSI</glossterm> 229 230 <glossdef> 231 <para>Message Signalled Interrupts, as supported by modern chipsets 232 such as the ICH9; see <xref linkend="settings-motherboard" />. As 233 opposed to traditional pin-based interrupts, with MSI, a small amount 234 of data can accompany the actual interrupt message. This reduces the 235 amount of hardware pins required, allows for more interrupts and 236 better performance.</para> 237 </glossdef> 238 </glossentry> 226 239 </glossdiv> 227 240 … … 304 317 network connection over which data is transferred in both directions. 305 318 Typically graphics updates and audio are sent from the remote machine 306 and keyboard and mouse input events are sent from the client. 307 VirtualBox contains an enhanced implementation of the relevant308 standards called "VirtualBox RDP" (VRDP),which is largely compatible309 with Microsoft's RDP implementation. See <xref linkend="vrd p" /> for319 and keyboard and mouse input events are sent from the client. A 320 VirtualBox extension package by Oracle provides VRDP, an enhanced 321 implementation of the relevant standards which is largely compatible 322 with Microsoft's RDP implementation. See <xref linkend="vrde" /> for 310 323 details.</para> 311 324 </glossdef> … … 352 365 several processor chips or, as is more common with modern hardware, 353 366 multiple CPU cores in one processor.</para> 367 </glossdef> 368 </glossentry> 369 370 <glossentry> 371 <glossterm>SSD</glossterm> 372 373 <glossdef> 374 <para>Solid-state drive, uses microships for storing data in a computer 375 system. Compared to classical hard-disks they are having no mechanical 376 components like spinning disks. 377 </para> 378 </glossdef> 379 </glossentry> 380 </glossdiv> 381 382 <glossdiv> 383 <title>T</title> 384 385 <glossentry> 386 <glossterm>TAR</glossterm> 387 388 <glossdef> 389 <para>A widely used file format for archiving. Originally, this stood 390 for "Tape ARchive" and was already supported by very early Unix 391 versions for backing up data on tape. The file format is still widely 392 used today, for example, with OVF archives (with an 393 <computeroutput>.ova</computeroutput> file extension); see <xref 394 linkend="ovf" />.</para> 354 395 </glossdef> 355 396 </glossentry> … … 387 428 388 429 <glossentry> 430 <glossterm>VMM</glossterm> 431 432 <glossdef> 433 <para>Virtual Machine Manager -- the component of VirtualBox that 434 controls VM execution. See <xref linkend="technical-components" /> for 435 a list of VirtualBox components.</para> 436 </glossdef> 437 </glossentry> 438 439 <glossentry> 440 <glossterm>VRDE</glossterm> 441 442 <glossdef> 443 <para>VirtualBox Remote Desktop Extension. This interface is built 444 into VirtualBox to allow VirtualBox extension packages to supply 445 remote access to virtual machines. A VirtualBox extension package by 446 Oracle provides VRDP support; see <xref linkend="vrde" /> for 447 details.</para> 448 </glossdef> 449 </glossentry> 450 451 <glossentry> 389 452 <glossterm>VRDP</glossterm> 390 453 -
trunk/doc/manual/fr_FR/user_Introduction.xml
r34084 r38233 399 399 400 400 <para>Le support VRDP est décrit en détail au chapitre <xref 401 linkend="vrd p" />.</para>401 linkend="vrde" />.</para> 402 402 403 403 <para>En plus de cette fonctionnalité particulière, VirtualBox vous … … 409 409 utiliser qui vous permet de créer des interfaces de votre choix 410 410 pour d'autres méthodes d'authentification ; voir le <xref 411 linkend="vbox-auth enticate-sdk" /> pour des détails.</para>411 linkend="vbox-auth" /> pour des détails.</para> 412 412 </listitem> 413 413 … … 553 553 </sect1> 554 554 555 <sect1 >555 <sect1 id="intro-installing"> 556 556 <title>Installer et lancer VirtualBox</title> 557 557 … … 1052 1052 </sect2> 1053 1053 1054 <sect2 id="intro-resize-window"> 1055 <title>Resizing the machine's window</title> 1056 1057 <para>You can resize the virtual machine's window when it is running. In 1058 that case, one of three things will happen:<orderedlist> 1059 <listitem> 1060 <para>If you have <emphasis role="bold">"scale mode"</emphasis> 1061 enabled, then the virtual machine's screen will be scaled to the 1062 size of the window. This can be useful if you have many machines 1063 running and want to have a look at one of them while it is running 1064 in the background. Alternatively, it might be useful to enlarge a 1065 window if the VM's output screen is very small, for example 1066 because you are running an old operating system in it.</para> 1067 1068 <para>To enable scale mode, press the <emphasis role="bold">host 1069 key + C</emphasis>, or select "Scale mode" from the "Machine" menu 1070 in the VM window. To leave scale mode, press the host key + C 1071 again.</para> 1072 1073 <para>The aspect ratio of the guest screen is preserved when 1074 resizing the window. To ignore the aspect ratio, press Shift 1075 during the resize operation.</para> 1076 1077 <para>Please see <xref linkend="KnownIssues" /> for additional 1078 remarks.</para> 1079 </listitem> 1080 1081 <listitem> 1082 <para>If you have the Guest Additions installed and they support 1083 automatic <emphasis role="bold">resizing</emphasis>, the Guest 1084 Additions will automatically adjust the screen resolution of the 1085 guest operating system. For example, if you are running a Windows 1086 guest with a resolution of 1024x768 pixels and you then resize the 1087 VM window to make it 100 pixels wider, the Guest Additions will 1088 change the Windows display resolution to 1124x768.</para> 1089 1090 <para>Please see <xref linkend="guestadditions" /> for more 1091 information about the Guest Additions.</para> 1092 </listitem> 1093 1094 <listitem> 1095 <para>Otherwise, if the window is bigger than the VM's screen, the 1096 screen will be centered. If it is smaller, then scroll bars will 1097 be added to the machine window.</para> 1098 </listitem> 1099 </orderedlist></para> 1100 </sect2> 1101 1054 1102 <sect2> 1055 1103 <title>Sauvegarder l'état de la machine</title> … … 1118 1166 </itemizedlist> 1119 1167 1120 <para>Le bouton <emphasis role="bold">"D Désactiver"</emphasis> de la1168 <para>Le bouton <emphasis role="bold">"Désactiver"</emphasis> de la 1121 1169 fenêtre principale de VirtualBox désactive l'état de sauvegarde de la 1122 1170 machine virtuelle. Ceci a le même effet que de l'éteindre, et cela produira … … 1418 1466 </sect1> 1419 1467 1468 <sect1 id="clone"> 1469 <title>Cloning virtual machines</title> 1470 1471 <para>To experiment with a VM configuration, test different guest OS levels 1472 or to simply backup a VM, VirtualBox can create a full copy of an existing 1473 VM.<footnote>Cloning support was introduced with VirtualBox 1474 4.1.</footnote></para> 1475 1476 <para>A wizard will guide you through the clone process:</para> 1477 1478 <mediaobject> 1479 <imageobject> 1480 <imagedata align="center" fileref="images/clone-vm.png" 1481 width="10cm" /> 1482 </imageobject> 1483 </mediaobject> 1484 1485 <para>This wizard can be invoked from the context menu of the Manager's VM 1486 list (select "Clone") or the "Snapshots" view of the selected VM. You have 1487 the choice to create a exact copy of the current state without any 1488 snapshots or with all snapshots included.<!-- If you 1489 invoke the clone VM wizard from the latter place and have selected a 1490 specific snapshot you can additional decide if you want to clone that 1491 snapshot including all child's, but without any independent snapshots in 1492 the tree.--></para> 1493 1494 <para>The clone operation itself can be a lengthy operation depending on 1495 the size and count of the attached disk images. Also keep in mind that 1496 every snapshot has differencing disk images attached, which need to be cloned 1497 as well.</para> 1498 1499 <para>The "Clone" menu item is disabled while a machine is running.</para> 1500 1501 <para>For how to clone a VM at the command line, please see <xref 1502 linkend="vboxmanage-clonevm" />.</para> 1503 </sect1> 1504 1420 1505 <sect1 id="ovf"> 1421 1506 <title>Importer et exporter des machines virtuelles</title> -
trunk/doc/manual/fr_FR/user_Networking.xml
r33180 r38233 3 3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd"> 4 4 <chapter id="networkingdetails"> 5 <title> Virtual networking</title>6 7 <para> As briefly mentioned in<xref linkend="settings-network" />,8 VirtualBox provides up to eight virtual PCI Ethernet cards for each virtual9 machine. For each such card, you can individually select<orderedlist>5 <title>Réseau virtuel</title> 6 7 <para>Comme il a été brièvement indiqué au <xref linkend="settings-network" />, 8 VirtualBox fournit huit cartes Ethernet PCI virtuelles pour chaque machine 9 virtuelle. Pour chacune de ces cartes, vous pouvez sélectionner individuellement<orderedlist> 10 10 <listitem> 11 <para> the hardware that will be virtualized as well as</para>11 <para>1. le matériel qui sera virtualisé ou</para> 12 12 </listitem> 13 13 14 14 <listitem> 15 <para>the virtualization mode that the virtual card will be operating 16 in with respect to your physical networking hardware on the 17 host.</para> 15 <para>2. le mode de virtualisation avec lequel la carte virtuelle agira 16 par rapport à votre matériel réseau physique sur l'hôte.</para> 18 17 </listitem> 19 18 </orderedlist></para> 20 19 21 <para>Four of the network cards can be configured in the "Network" section 22 of the settings dialog in the graphical user interface of VirtualBox. You 23 can configure all eight network cards on the command line via VBoxManage 24 modifyvm; see <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" />.</para> 25 26 <para>This chapter explains the various networking settings in more 27 detail.</para> 20 <para>Quatre des cartes réseau peuvent être configurées dans la section « 21 Réseau » des paramètres de la boîte de dialogue dans l'interface graphique de 22 VirtualBox. Vous pouvez configurer les huit cartes réseau en ligne de commande 23 avec VBoxManage modifyvm ; voir <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" />.</para> 24 25 <para>Ce chapitre explique les divers paramètres réseau avec plus détails.</para> 28 26 29 27 <sect1 id="nichardware"> 30 <title>Virtual networking hardware</title> 31 32 <para>For each card, you can individually select what kind of 33 <emphasis>hardware</emphasis> will be presented to the virtual machine. 34 VirtualBox can virtualize the following six types of networking 35 hardware:<itemizedlist> 28 <title>Matériel de réseau virtuel</title> 29 30 <para>Pour chaque carte, vous pouvez sélectionner individuellement le type 31 de <emphasis>matériel</emphasis> qui sera présenté à la machine virtuelle. 32 VirtualBox peut virtualiser les six types de matériels de carte suivants :<itemizedlist> 36 33 <listitem> 37 34 <para>AMD PCNet PCI II (Am79C970A);</para> … … 39 36 40 37 <listitem> 41 <para>AMD PCNet FAST III (Am79C973, the default);</para>42 </listitem> 43 44 <listitem> 45 <para>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop (82540 OEM);</para>38 <para>AMD PCNet FAST III (Am79C973, celle par défaut) ;</para> 39 </listitem> 40 41 <listitem> 42 <para>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop (82540EM);</para> 46 43 </listitem> 47 44 … … 59 56 </itemizedlist></para> 60 57 61 <para>The PCNet FAST III is the default because it is supported by nearly 62 all operating systems out of the box, as well as the GNU GRUB boot 63 manager. As an exception, the Intel PRO/1000 family adapters are chosen 64 for some guest operating system types that no longer ship with drivers for 65 the PCNet card, such as Windows Vista; see <xref 66 linkend="vista_networking" /> for details.<footnote> 67 <para>Support for the Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop type was added with 68 VirtualBox 1.6. The T Server variant of the Intel PRO/1000 card was 69 added with VirtualBox 1.6.2 because this one is recognized by Windows 70 XP guests without additional driver installation. The MT Server 71 variant was added with VirtualBox 2.2 to facilitate OVF imports from 72 other platforms.</para> 73 </footnote></para> 74 75 <para>The <emphasis role="bold">"Paravirtualized network adapter 76 (virtio-net)"</emphasis> is special. If you select this, then VirtualBox 77 does <emphasis>not</emphasis> virtualize common networking hardware (that 78 is supported by common guest operating systems out of the box). Instead, 79 VirtualBox then expects a special software interface for virtualized 80 environments to be provided by the guest, thus avoiding the complexity of 81 emulating networking hardware and improving network performance. Starting 82 with version 3.1, VirtualBox provides support for the industry-standard 83 "virtio" networking drivers, which are part of the open-source KVM 84 project.</para> 85 86 <para>The "virtio" networking drivers are available for the following 87 guest operating systems:</para> 58 <para>La PCNet FAST III est celle par défaut parce qu'elle est supportée par 59 presque tous les systèmes d'exploitation d'ordinateur et le gestionnaire de 60 démarrage GNU GRUB. Sauf que les adaptateurs de la famille Intel PRO/1000 61 sont choisis pour certains types de système d'exploitation invités qui 62 n'incluent plus les pilotes de la carte PCNet, tels que Windows Vista.</para> 63 64 <para>Celle de type Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop fonctionne avec Windows Vista 65 et les versions supérieures. La variante Server T de la carte Intel PRO/1000 66 est reconnue par les invités Windows XP sans l'installation de pilotes 67 supplémentaires. La variante Server T facilite les importations OVF à partir 68 d'autres plateformes.</para> 69 70 <para>L'<emphasis role="bold">« adaptateur réseau para-virtualisé 71 (virtio-net »</emphasis> est spécial. Si vous le sélectionnez, VirtualBox 72 <emphasis>ne virtualise pas</emphasis> du matériel réseau classique (qui est 73 supporté par les systèmes d'exploitation habituels hors du PC). VirtualBox 74 s'attend par contre à ce qu'une interface logicielle spéciale pour les 75 environnements virtualisés soient fournies par l'invité, évitant ainsi la 76 complexité d'émuler du matériel réseau et améliorant la performance réseau. 77 À partir de la version 3.1, VirtualBox fournit le support des pilotes de 78 réseau « virtio » industriels, qui font partie du projet libre KVM.</para> 79 80 <para>Les pilotes de réseau « virtio » sont disponibles pour les systèmes d'exploitation invités 81 suivants :</para> 88 82 89 83 <para><itemizedlist> 90 84 <listitem> 91 <para>L inux kernels version 2.6.25 or later can be configured to92 provide virtio support; some distributions also back-ported virtio93 to older kernels.</para>94 </listitem> 95 96 <listitem> 97 <para> For Windows 2000, XP and Vista, virtio drivers can be98 downloaded and installed from the KVM project web page.<footnote>85 <para>Les noyaux Linux version 2.6.25 ou supérieur peuvent être 86 configurés pour fournir le support de virtio ; certaines distributions 87 ont aussi porté virtio dans des noyaux plus anciens.</para> 88 </listitem> 89 90 <listitem> 91 <para>Pour Windows 2000, XP et Vista, les pilotes virtio peuvent être 92 téléchargés et installés à partir de la page Internet du projet KVM.<footnote> 99 93 <para><ulink 100 94 url="http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/WindowsGuestDrivers">http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/WindowsGuestDrivers</ulink>.</para> … … 103 97 </itemizedlist></para> 104 98 105 <para>VirtualBox also has limited support for so-called <emphasis 106 role="bold">jumbo frames</emphasis>, i.e. networking packets with more 107 than 1500 bytes of data, provided that you use the Intel card 108 virtualization and bridged networking. In other words, jumbo frames are 109 not supported with the AMD networking devices; in those cases, jumbo 110 packets will silently be dropped for both the transmit and the receive 111 direction. Guest operating systems trying to use this feature will observe 112 this as a packet loss, which may lead to unexpected application behavior 113 in the guest. This does not cause problems with guest operating systems in 114 their default configuration, as jumbo frames need to be explicitly 115 enabled.</para> 99 <para>VirtualBox a aussi un support pour les <emphasis role="bold">cadres 100 appelés jumbo</emphasis>, par exemple 101 les paquets réseaux avec plus de 1500 bytes de données fournies pour que 102 vous utilisiez la virtualisation de la carte réseau Intel et le réseau 103 bridgé. En d'autres termes, les cadres jumbo ne sont pas supportés avec les 104 périphériques réseau AMD ; dans ces cas les paquets jumbo seront refusés 105 sans message à la fois dans la direction de la transmission et de la 106 réception. Les systèmes d'exploitation invités qui essaient d'utiliser 107 cette fonctionnalité verront cela comme une perte de paquets, ce qui peut 108 provoquer un comportement inattendu de certaines applications dans l'invité. 109 Cela n'entraîne pas de problèmes avec des systèmes d'exploitation invités 110 dans leur configuration par défaut, vu que les cadres jumbo doivent être 111 explicitement activés.</para> 116 112 </sect1> 117 113 118 114 <sect1 id="networkingmodes"> 119 <title>Introduction to networking modes</title> 120 121 <para>Each of the eight networking adapters can be separately configured 122 to operate in one of the following five modes:<glosslist> 123 <glossentry> 124 <glossterm>Not attached</glossterm> 125 126 <glossdef> 127 <para>In this mode, VirtualBox reports to the guest that a network 128 card is present, but that there is no connection -- as if no 129 Ethernet cable was plugged into the card. This way it is possible 130 to "pull" the virtual Ethernet cable and disrupt the connection, 131 which can be useful to inform a guest operating system that no 132 network connection is available and enforce a 133 reconfiguration.</para> 134 </glossdef> 135 </glossentry> 136 137 <glossentry> 138 <glossterm>Network Address Translation (NAT)</glossterm> 139 140 <glossdef> 141 <para>If all you want is to browse the Web, download files and 142 view e-mail inside the guest, then this default mode should be 143 sufficient for you, and you can safely skip the rest of this 144 section. Please note that there are certain limitations when using 145 Windows file sharing (see <xref linkend="nat-limitations" /> for 146 details).</para> 147 </glossdef> 148 </glossentry> 149 150 <glossentry> 151 <glossterm>Bridged networking</glossterm> 152 153 <glossdef> 154 <para>This is for more advanced networking needs such as network 155 simulations and running servers in a guest. When enabled, 156 VirtualBox connects to one of your installed network cards and 157 exchanges network packets directly, circumventing your host 158 operating system's network stack.</para> 159 </glossdef> 160 </glossentry> 161 162 <glossentry> 163 <glossterm>Internal networking</glossterm> 164 165 <glossdef> 166 <para>This can be used to create a different kind of 167 software-based network which is visible to selected virtual 168 machines, but not to applications running on the host or to the 169 outside world.</para> 170 </glossdef> 171 </glossentry> 172 173 <glossentry> 174 <glossterm>Host-only networking</glossterm> 175 176 <glossdef> 177 <para>This can be used to create a network containing the host and 178 a set of virtual machines, without the need for the host's 179 physical network interface. Instead, a virtual network interface 180 (similar to a loopback interface) is created on the host, 181 providing connectivity among virtual machines and the host.</para> 182 </glossdef> 183 </glossentry> 184 185 <glossentry> 186 <glossterm>VDE (Virtual Distributed Ethernet) networking</glossterm> 187 188 <glossdef> 189 <para>This option can be used to connect to a Virtual Distributed 190 Ethernet switch on a Linux or a FreeBSD host. It is only available 191 if the VDE software and the VDE plugin library from the 192 VirtualSquare project are installed on the host system. For more 193 information on setting up VDE networks, please see the 194 documentation accompanying the software.</para> 115 <title>Introduction aux modes réseaux</title> 116 117 <para>Chacun des huit adaptateurs réseau peut être configuré séparément pour 118 agir dans l'un des cinq modes suivants :<glosslist> 119 <glossentry> 120 <glossterm>Non attaché</glossterm> 121 122 <glossdef> 123 <para>Dans ce mode, VirtualBox indique à l'invité qu'une carte 124 réseau est présente mais qu'il n'y a pas de connexion -- comme si 125 aucun câble Ethernet n'était branché sur la carte. - De cette façon, 126 il est possible de « débrancher » le câble Ethernet virtuel et de 127 couper la connexion, ce qui peut être utile pour informer un système 128 d'exploitation invité qu'aucune connexion réseau n'est disponible et 129 l'obliger à une reconfiguration.</para> 130 </glossdef> 131 </glossentry> 132 133 <glossentry> 134 <glossterm>Network Address Translation (NAT)</glossterm> (traduction 135 d'adresse réseau) 136 137 <glossdef> 138 <para>Si tout ce que vous voulez faire est de naviguer sur Internet, 139 télécharger des fichiers et lire les messages à l'intérieur de 140 l'invité, ce mode par défaut devrait vous suffire et vous pouvez 141 sauter en toute sécurité le reste de cette section. Merci de 142 remarquer qu'il y a certaines limitations quand on utilise le partage 143 de fichiers Windows (voir le <xref linkend="nat-limitations" /> pour 144 des détails).</para> 145 </glossdef> 146 </glossentry> 147 148 <glossentry> 149 <glossterm>Réseau bridgé</glossterm> 150 151 <glossdef> 152 <para>C'est pour des besoins réseau plus avancés tels que des 153 simulations de réseau et le fonctionnement de serveurs dans un 154 invité. Lorsqu'il est activé, VirtualBox se connecte à une de vos 155 cartes réseaux installées et échange directement des paquets réseaux, 156 contournant la pile réseau de votre système d'exploitation hôte.</para> 157 </glossdef> 158 </glossentry> 159 160 <glossentry> 161 <glossterm>Réseau interne</glossterm> 162 163 <glossdef> 164 <para>Ceci peut être utilisé pour créer un genre différent de réseau 165 de type logiciel, visible par les machines virtuelles sélectionnées 166 mais pas pour les applications en fonction sur l'hôte ou dans le 167 monde extérieur.</para> 168 </glossdef> 169 </glossentry> 170 171 <glossentry> 172 <glossterm>Réseau privé-hôte</glossterm> 173 174 <glossdef> 175 <para>Ceci peut être utilisé pour créer un réseau contenant l'hôte 176 et un ensemble de machines virtuelles, sans qu'il y ait besoin de 177 l'interface physique de l'hôte. À la place, une interface réseau 178 virtuelle (comme une interface loopback) est créée sur l'hôte, 179 fournissant la connectivité parmi les machines virtuelles et l'hôte.</para> 180 </glossdef> 181 </glossentry> 182 183 <glossentry> 184 <glossterm>Réseau générique</glossterm> 185 186 <glossdef> 187 <para>Les modes rarement utilisés partagent la même interface réseau 188 générique mais ils permettent à l'utilisateur de sélectionner un 189 pilote qui peut être inclu dans VirtualBox ou distribué dans un 190 pack d'extension.</para> 191 <para>Pour l'heure, il y a deux sous-modes disponibles :</para> 192 <para> 193 <glosslist> 194 <glossentry> 195 <glossterm>Tunnel UDP</glossterm> 196 <glossdef> 197 <para>On peut l'utiliser pour connecter directement des 198 machines virtuelles en fonction sur des hôtes différents, 199 facilement et de manière transparente, via une infrastructure 200 réseau existante.</para> 201 </glossdef> 202 </glossentry> 203 <glossentry> 204 <glossterm>Réseau VDE (Virtual Distributed Ethernet)</glossterm> 205 <glossdef> 206 <para>Cette option peut être utilisée pour se connecter à 207 un switch Virtual Distributed Ethernet (Ethernet distribué 208 virtuel) d'un hôte Linux ou FreeBSD. Pour l'instant, il 209 implique de compiler VirtualBox à partir des sources, car les 210 paquets d'Oracle ne l'incluent pas.</para> 211 </glossdef> 212 </glossentry> 213 </glosslist> 214 </para> 195 215 </glossdef> 196 216 </glossentry> 197 217 </glosslist></para> 198 218 199 <para> The following sections describe the available network modes in more200 detail.</para>219 <para>Les sections suivantes décrivent les modes de réseau disponibles avec 220 plus de détails.</para> 201 221 </sect1> 202 222 … … 204 224 <title>Network Address Translation (NAT)</title> 205 225 206 <para>Network Address Translation (NAT) is the simplest way of accessing 207 an external network from a virtual machine. Usually, it does not require 208 any configuration on the host network and guest system. For this reason, 209 it is the default networking mode in VirtualBox.</para> 210 211 <para>A virtual machine with NAT enabled acts much like a real computer 212 that connects to the Internet through a router. The "router", in this 213 case, is the VirtualBox networking engine, which maps traffic from and to 214 the virtual machine transparently. The disadvantage of NAT mode is that, 215 much like a private network behind a router, the virtual machine is 216 invisible and unreachable from the outside internet; you cannot run a 217 server this way unless you set up port forwarding (described 218 below).</para> 219 220 <para>The network frames sent out by the guest operating system are 221 received by VirtualBox's NAT engine, which extracts the TCP/IP data and 222 resends it using the host operating system. To an application on the host, 223 or to another computer on the same network as the host, it looks like the 224 data was sent by the VirtualBox application on the host, using an IP 225 address belonging to the host. VirtualBox listens for replies to the 226 packages sent, and repacks and resends them to the guest machine on its 227 private network.</para> 228 229 <para>The virtual machine receives its network address and configuration 230 on the private network from a DHCP server integrated into VirtualBox. The 231 IP address thus assigned to the virtual machine is usually on a completely 232 different network than the host. As more than one card of a virtual 233 machine can be set up to use NAT, the first card is connected to the 234 private network 10.0.2.0, the second card to the network 10.0.3.0 and so 235 on. If you need to change the guest-assigned IP range for some reason, 236 please refer to <xref linkend="changenat" />.</para> 226 <para>La traduction d'adresses réseaux (NAT) est la façon la plus simple 227 d'accéder à un réseau externe depuis une machine virtuelle. Habituellement, 228 cela ne demande aucune configuration sur le réseau hôte et le système invité. 229 Pour cette raison, c'est le mode réseau par défaut de VirtualBox.</para> 230 231 <para>Une machine virtuelle où le NAT est activé agit comme un vrai 232 ordinateur qui se connecte à Internet à travers un routeur. Le « routeur », 233 dans ce cas, est le moteur réseau de VirtualBox qui dresse le plan du 234 trafic venant et à destination de la machine virtuelle de façon intégréte. 235 L'inconvénient du mode NAT est que, tout comme se comporte un réseau privé 236 derrière un routeur, la machine virtuelle est invisible et injoignable à 237 partir et à l'extérieur sur Internet ; vous ne pouvez pas lancer de serveur 238 de cette façon sauf si vous réglez le forwarding (routage) de ports (décrit 239 ci-dessous).</para> 240 241 <para>Les trames réseau envoyés par le système d'exploitation invité sont 242 reçus par le moteur NAT de VirtualBox, qui extrait les données TCP/IP et les 243 réexpédie en utilisant le système d'exploitation de l'hôte. Sur une 244 application de l'hôte ou sur un autre ordinateur du même réseau que l'hôte, 245 on a l'impression que les données ont été envoyées par l'application 246 VirtualBox sur l'hôte, en utilisant une adresse IP appartenant à l'hôte. 247 VirtualBox écoute les réponses aux paquets envoyés, puis les réemballe et les 248 renvoie sur la machine invitée sur son réseau privé.</para> 249 250 <para>La machine virtuelle reçoit son adresse réseau et sa configuration sur 251 le réseau privé à partir d'un serveur DHCP intégré dans VirtualBox. L'adresse 252 IP ainsi assignée à la machine virtuelle est en général sur un réseau 253 complètement différent de l'hôte. Comme plus d'une carte d'une machine 254 virtuelle peut être paramétrée pour utiliser NAT, la première carte est 255 connectée au réseau privé 10.0.2.0, la deuxième au réseau 10.0.3.0 et ainsi 256 de suite. Si vous devez modifier la plage d'IP assignées à l'hôte pour une 257 raison quelconque, merci de vous reporter au <xref linkend="changenat" />.</para> 237 258 238 259 <sect2 id="natforward"> 239 <title>Configuring port forwarding with NAT</title> 240 241 <para>As the virtual machine is connected to a private network internal 242 to VirtualBox and invisible to the host, network services on the guest 243 are not accessible to the host machine or to other computers on the same 244 network. However, like a physical router, VirtualBox can make selected 245 services available to the world outside the guest through <emphasis 246 role="bold">port forwarding.</emphasis> This means that VirtualBox 247 listens to certain ports on the host and resends all packets which 248 arrive there to the guest, on the same or a different port.</para> 249 250 <para>To an application on the host or other physical (or virtual) 251 machines on the network, it looks as though the service being proxied is 252 actually running on the host. This also means that you cannot run the 253 same service on the same ports on the host. However, you still gain the 254 advantages of running the service in a virtual machine -- for example, 255 services on the host machine or on other virtual machines cannot be 256 compromised or crashed by a vulnerability or a bug in the service, and 257 the service can run in a different operating system than the host 258 system.</para> 259 260 <para>You can set up a guest service which you wish to proxy using the 261 command line tool <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput>; for 262 details, please refer to <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" />.</para> 263 264 <para>You will need to know which ports on the guest the service uses 265 and to decide which ports to use on the host (often but not always you 266 will want to use the same ports on the guest and on the host). You can 267 use any ports on the host which are not already in use by a service. For 268 example, to set up incoming NAT connections to an 269 <computeroutput>ssh</computeroutput> server in the guest, use the 270 following command: <screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --natpf1 "guestssh,tcp,,2222,,22"</screen>With 271 the above example, all TCP traffic arriving on port 2222 on any host 272 interface will be forwarded to port 22 in the guest. The protocol name 273 <computeroutput>tcp</computeroutput> is a mandatory attribute defining 274 which protocol should be used for forwarding 275 (<computeroutput>udp</computeroutput> could also be used). The name 276 <computeroutput>guestssh</computeroutput> is purely descriptive and will 277 be auto-generated if omitted. The number after 278 <computeroutput>--natpf</computeroutput> denotes the network card, like 279 in other parts of VBoxManage.</para> 280 281 <para>To remove this forwarding rule again, use the following command: 282 <screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --natpf1 delete "guestssh"</screen></para> 283 284 <para>If for some reason the guest uses a static assigned IP address not 285 leased from the built-in DHCP server, it is required to specify the 286 guest IP when registering the forwarding rule: <screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --natpf1 "guestssh,tcp,,2222,10.0.2.19,22"</screen>This 287 example is identical to the previous one, except that the NAT engine is 288 being told that the guest can be found at the 10.0.2.19 address.</para> 289 290 <para>To forward <emphasis>all</emphasis> incoming traffic from a 291 specific host interface to the guest, specify the IP of that host 292 interface like this:<screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --natpf1 "guestssh,tcp,127.0.0.1,2222,,22"</screen>This 293 forwards all TCP traffic arriving on the localhost interface (127.0.0.1) 294 via port 2222 to port 22 in the guest.</para> 295 296 <para>It is not possible to configure incoming NAT connections while the 297 VM is running. However, you can change the settings for a VM which is 298 currently saved (or powered off at a snapshot).</para> 260 <title>Configurer la redirection de ports avec NAT</title> 261 262 <para>Comme la machine virtuelle est connectée à un réseau privé interne à 263 VirtualBox et qu'il est invisible pour l'hôte, les services réseau de 264 l'invité ne sont pas accessibles pour la machine hôte ou pour d'autres 265 ordinateurs du même réseau. Néanmoins, comme un routeur physique, 266 VirtualBox peut effectuer un <emphasis role="bold">transfert de ports</emphasis> 267 sélectionné. Cela signifie que VirtualBox écoute certains ports sur 268 l'hôte et renvoie tous les paquets qui y arrivent vers l'invité, sur un 269 port identique ou différent.</para> 270 271 <para>Pour une application de l'hôte ou d'autres machines physiques (ou 272 virtuelles) du réseau, c'est comme si le service derrière le proxy 273 fonctionnait finalement sur l'hôte. Cela signifie aussi que vous ne pouvez 274 pas exécuter le même service sur les mêmes ports que sur l'hôte. Néanmoins, 275 vous en tirez les avantages de l'exécution d'un service dans une machine 276 virtuelle : par exemple les services de la machine hôte ou d'autres 277 machines virtuelles ne peuvent pas être compromis ou plantés par une 278 vulnérabilité ou un bogue du service, et le service peut s'exécuter sur un 279 système d'exploitation différent du système hôte.</para> 280 281 <para>Vous pouvez paramétrer un service invité que vous souhaitez mettre 282 derrière un proxy en utilisant l'outil en ligne de commande 283 <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput> ; pour des détails, merci de 284 vous référer au <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" />.</para> 285 286 <para>Vous devrez savoir quels ports sur l'invité le service utilise et 287 décider quels ports utiliser sur l'hôte (vous voudrez souvent, mais pas 288 toujours, utiliser les mêmes ports sur l'invité et sur l'hôte). Vous pouvez 289 utiliser n'importe quel port de l'hôte qui n'est pas déjà utilisé par un 290 service. Par exemple, pour paramétrer des connexions entrantes NAT vers un 291 serveur <computeroutput>ssh</computeroutput> de l'invité, utilisez la 292 commande suivante : <screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "nom VM" --natpf1 "guestssh,tcp,,2222,,22"</screen>Avec 293 l'exemple ci-dessus, tout le trafic <computeroutput>tcp</computeroutput> 294 arrivant sur le port 2222 sur n'importe quelle interface de l'hôte sera 295 transféré sur le port 22 dans l'invité. Le nom du protocole <computeroutput>tcp</computeroutput> 296 est un attribut obligatoire définissant quel protocole devrait être utilisé 297 pour la redirection (on pourrait aussi utiliser (<computeroutput>udp</computeroutput>). 298 Le nom <computeroutput>guestssh</computeroutput> est purement descriptif 299 et sera généré automatiquement si vous n'en spécifiez 300 pas. Le numéro après <computeroutput>--natpf</computeroutput> nomme la 301 carte réseau, comme dans d'autres 302 paramétrages de VboxManage.</para> 303 304 <para>Pour supprimer à nouveau cette règle de redirection, utilisez la commande suivante : 305 <screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "nom VM" --natpf1 delete "guestssh"</screen></para> 306 307 <para>Si pour une raison quelconque l'invité utilise une adresse IP 308 statique non attribuée par le serveur DHCP intégré, il faut spécifier l'IP 309 de l'invité lors de l'enregistrement de la règle de redirection : <screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "nom VM" --natpf1 310 "guestssh,tcp,,2222,10.0.2.19,22"</screen>Cet exemple est identique au 311 précédent, sauf qu'on dira au moteur NAT qu'on peut trouver l'invité sur 312 l'adresse 10.0.2.19.</para> 313 314 <para>Pour rediriger <emphasis>tout</emphasis> le trafic entrant d'une 315 interface spécifique de l'hôte vers l'invité, spécifiez l'IP de cette 316 interface hôte comme ceci :<screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "nom VM" --natpf1 "guestssh,tcp,127.0.0.1,2222,,22"</screen>Ceci 317 redirige tout le trafic TCP arrivant sur l'interface localhost (127.0.0.1) 318 via le port 2222 vers le port 22 de l'invité.</para> 319 320 <para>Il n'est pas possible de configurer des connexions NAT entrantes 321 pendant que la VM est en fonction. Néanmoins, vous pouvez modifier les 322 paramètres d'une VM actuellement sauvegardée (ou éteinte) dans un 323 instantané.</para> 299 324 </sect2> 300 325 301 326 <sect2 id="nat-tftp"> 302 <title> PXE booting withNAT</title>303 304 <para> PXE booting is now supported in NAT mode. The NAT DHCP server305 provides a boot file name of the form306 <computeroutput> vmname.pxe</computeroutput> if the directory307 <computeroutput>TFTP</computeroutput> exist s in the directory where the308 user's <computeroutput>VirtualBox.xml</computeroutput> file is kept. It309 is the responsibility of the user to provide310 <computeroutput> vmname.pxe</computeroutput>.</para>327 <title>Amorçage PXE avec NAT</title> 328 329 <para>L'amorçage PXE est à présent supporté par le mode NAT. Le serveur 330 DHCP NAT fournit un fichier d'amorçage nommé sous la forme 331 <computeroutput>nomvm.pxe</computeroutput> si le répertoire 332 <computeroutput>TFTP</computeroutput> existe dans le répertoire où est 333 conservé le fichier <computeroutput>VirtualBox.xml</computeroutput> de 334 l'utilisateur. C'est à l'utilisateur de fournir 335 <computeroutput>nomvm.pxe</computeroutput>.</para> 311 336 </sect2> 312 337 313 338 <sect2 id="nat-limitations"> 314 <title> NAT limitations</title>315 316 <para> There are four <emphasis role="bold">limitations</emphasis> of NAT317 mode which users should be aware of:</para>339 <title>Limites du NAT</title> 340 341 <para>Il existe quatre <emphasis role="bold">limites</emphasis> du mode 342 NAT dont l'utilisateur devrait être conscient :</para> 318 343 319 344 <glosslist> 320 345 <glossentry> 321 <glossterm>ICMP protocol limitations:</glossterm> 322 323 <glossdef> 324 <para>Some frequently used network debugging tools (e.g. 325 <computeroutput>ping</computeroutput> or tracerouting) rely on the 326 ICMP protocol for sending/receiving messages. While ICMP support 327 has been improved with VirtualBox 2.1 328 (<computeroutput>ping</computeroutput> should now work), some 329 other tools may not work reliably.</para> 330 </glossdef> 331 </glossentry> 332 333 <glossentry> 334 <glossterm>Receiving of UDP broadcasts is not reliable:</glossterm> 335 336 <glossdef> 337 <para>The guest does not reliably receive broadcasts, since, in 338 order to save resources, it only listens for a certain amount of 339 time after the guest has sent UDP data on a particular port. As a 340 consequence, NetBios name resolution based on broadcasts does not 341 always work (but WINS always works). As a workaround, you can use 342 the numeric IP of the desired server in the 343 <computeroutput>\\server\share</computeroutput> notation.</para> 344 </glossdef> 345 </glossentry> 346 347 <glossentry> 348 <glossterm>Protocols such as GRE are unsupported:</glossterm> 349 350 <glossdef> 351 <para>Protocols other than TCP and UDP are not supported. This 352 means some VPN products (e.g. PPTP from Microsoft) cannot be used. 353 There are other VPN products which use simply TCP and UDP.</para> 354 </glossdef> 355 </glossentry> 356 357 <glossentry> 358 <glossterm>Forwarding host ports < 1024 impossible:</glossterm> 359 360 <glossdef> 361 <para>On Unix-based hosts (e.g. Linux, Solaris, Mac OS X) it is 362 not possible to bind to ports below 1024 from applications that 363 are not run by <computeroutput>root</computeroutput>. As a result, 364 if you try to configure such a port forwarding, the VM will refuse 365 to start.</para> 346 <glossterm>Limite du protocole ICMP :</glossterm> 347 348 <glossdef> 349 <para>Certains outils de débogage réseau fréquemment utilisés (tels 350 que <computeroutput>ping</computeroutput> ou tracerouting) utilisent 351 le protocole ICMP pour envoyer/recevoir des messages. Si le support 352 d'ICMP a été amélioré avec VirtualBox 2.1 (<computeroutput>ping</computeroutput> 353 devrait maintenant fonctionner), il se peut que d'autres outils ne 354 fonctionnent pas de façon fiable.</para> 355 </glossdef> 356 </glossentry> 357 358 <glossentry> 359 <glossterm>La réception de broadcasts (diffusion de messages) UDP n'est pas fiable :</glossterm> 360 361 <glossdef> 362 <para>L'invité ne reçoit pas de façon fiable les broadcasts puisque, pour économiser des ressources, il n'écoute qu'un certain temps après que l'invité ait envoyé des données UDP sur un port particulier. Par conséquent, la résolution de nom NetBios basée sur les broadcasts ne fonctionne pas toujours (mais WINS fonctionne toujours). Vous pouvez utiliser, en contournement, l'IP numérique du serveur désiré noté 363 <computeroutput>\\server\share</computeroutput>.</para> 364 </glossdef> 365 </glossentry> 366 367 <glossentry> 368 <glossterm>Les protocoles tels que GRE ne sont pas supportés :</glossterm> 369 370 <glossdef> 371 <para>Les protocoles autres que TCP et UDP ne sont pas supportés. 372 Cela signifie que certains produits VPN (par exemple PPTP de 373 Microsoft) ne peuvent pas être utilisés. Il y a d'autres produits 374 VPN qui utilisent simplement TCP ou UDP.</para> 375 </glossdef> 376 </glossentry> 377 378 <glossentry> 379 <glossterm>Redirection des ports de l'hôte < 1024 impossible :</glossterm> 380 381 <glossdef> 382 <para>Sur les hôtes basés sur Unix (comme Linux, Solaris, Mac OS X) 383 il n'est pas possible de solliciter des ports inférieurs à 1024 384 depuis des applications non lancées par <computeroutput>root</computeroutput>. 385 Il en résulte que si vous essayez de configurer une telle redirection 386 de ports, la VM refusera de démarrer.</para> 366 387 </glossdef> 367 388 </glossentry> 368 389 </glosslist> 369 390 370 <para>These limitations normally don't affect standard network use. But 371 the presence of NAT has also subtle effects that may interfere with 372 protocols that are normally working. One example is NFS, where the 373 server is often configured to refuse connections from non-privileged 374 ports (i.e. ports not below 1024).</para> 391 <para>Ces limitations ne devraient normalement pas perturber l'utilisation 392 standard du réseau. Mais la présence du NAT a aussi des effets subtils qui 393 peuvent interagir avec des protocoles qui, normalement, fonctionnent. NFS 394 est un exemple où le serveur est souvent configuré pour refuser les 395 connexions provenant de ports non privilégiés (c'est-à-dire des ports non 396 inférieurs à 1024).</para> 375 397 </sect2> 376 398 </sect1> 377 399 378 400 <sect1> 379 <title id="network_bridged">Bridged networking</title> 380 381 <para>With bridged networking, VirtualBox uses a device driver on your 382 <emphasis>host</emphasis> system that filters data from your physical 383 network adapter. This driver is therefore called a "net filter" driver. 384 This allows VirtualBox to intercept data from the physical network and 385 inject data into it, effectively creating a new network interface in 386 software. When a guest is using such a new software interface, it looks to 387 the host system as though the guest were physically connected to the 388 interface using a network cable: the host can send data to the guest 389 through that interface and receive data from it. This means that you can 390 set up routing or bridging between the guest and the rest of your 391 network.</para> 392 393 <para>For this to work, VirtualBox needs a device driver on your host 394 system. The way bridged networking works has been completely rewritten 395 with VirtualBox 2.0 and 2.1, depending on the host operating system. From 396 the user perspective, the main difference is that complex configuration is 397 no longer necessary on any of the supported host operating 398 systems.<footnote> 399 <para>For Mac OS X and Solaris hosts, net filter drivers were already 400 added in VirtualBox 2.0 (as initial support for Host Interface 401 Networking on these platforms). With VirtualBox 2.1, net filter 402 drivers were also added for the Windows and Linux hosts, replacing the 403 mechanisms previously present in VirtualBox for those platforms; 404 especially on Linux, the earlier method required creating TAP 405 interfaces and bridges, which was complex and varied from one 406 distribution to the next. None of this is necessary anymore. Bridged 407 network was formerly called "Host Interface Networking" and has been 408 renamed with version 2.2 without any change in functionality.</para> 401 <title id="network_bridged">Réseau bridgé</title> 402 403 <para>Avec le réseau bridgé, VirtualBox utilise un pilote de périphérique de 404 votre système <emphasis>hôte</emphasis> qui filtre les données depuis 405 l'adaptateur de votre réseau physique. Ce pilote est donc appelé un pilote 406 « net filter » (filtre de réseau). Ceci permet à VirtualBox d'intercepter 407 des données du réseau physique et d'injecter des données dedans, créant de 408 fait une nouvelle interface réseau logicielle. Quand un invité utilise une 409 telle nouvelle interface logicielle, le système hôte voit l'invité comme si 410 il était physiquement connectés à l'interface par un câble réseau : l'hôte 411 peut envoyer des données à l'invité par cette interface et reçoit des données 412 à partir d'elle. Cela signifie que vous pouvez régler un routage ou un pont 413 entre l'invité et le reste de votre réseau.</para> 414 415 <para>Pour que cela fonctionne, VirtualBox a besoin d'un pilote de 416 périphérique sur votre système hôte. La façon dont fonctionne le réseau 417 bridgé a été entièrement réécrite avec VirtualBox 2.0 et 2.1, selon le 418 système d'exploitation hôte.<footnote> 419 <para>Pour les hôtes Mac OS X et Solaris, les pilotes net filter étaient 420 déjà ajoutés à VirtualBox 2.0 (en tant que support dès le départ pour 421 Host Interface Networking (réseau par interface hôte) sur ces plateformes). 422 Avec VirtualBox 2.1, les pilotes net filter ont également été ajoutés 423 pour les hôtes Windows et Linux, en remplaçant les mécanismes présents 424 auparavant dans VirtualBox pour ces plateformes ; surtout sur Linux, la 425 méthode plus récente sous Linux exigeait de créer des interfaces et 426 des ponts (bridge) TAP, ce qui était complexe et ce qui changeait d'une 427 428 distribution à l'autre. Rien de tout cela n'est nécessaire aujourd'hui. 429 Le réseau bridgé s'appelait avant « Host Interface Networking » (réseau 430 avec interface de l'hôte), et il a été renommé dans la version 2.2 sans 431 modification de son fonctionnement.</para> 409 432 </footnote></para> 410 433 411 434 <para><note> 412 <para>Even though TAP is no longer necessary on Linux with bridged 413 networking, you <emphasis>can</emphasis> still use TAP interfaces for 414 certain advanced setups, since you can connect a VM to any host 415 interface -- which could also be a TAP interface.</para> 416 </note>To enable bridged networking, all you need to do is to open the 417 Settings dialog of a virtual machine, go to the "Network" page and select 418 "Bridged network" in the drop down list for the "Attached to" field. 419 Finally, select desired host interface from the list at the bottom of the 420 page, which contains the physical network interfaces of your systems. On a 421 typical MacBook, for example, this will allow you to select between "en1: 422 AirPort" (which is the wireless interface) and "en0: Ethernet", which 423 represents the interface with a network cable.</para> 424 425 <para>Depending on your host operating system, the following limitations 426 should be kept in mind:<itemizedlist> 427 <listitem> 428 <para>On <emphasis role="bold">Macintosh</emphasis> hosts, 429 functionality is limited when using AirPort (the Mac's wireless 430 networking) for bridged networking. Currently, VirtualBox supports 431 only IPv4 over AirPort. For other protocols such as IPv6 and IPX, 432 you must choose a wired interface.</para> 433 </listitem> 434 435 <listitem> 436 <para>On <emphasis role="bold">Linux</emphasis> hosts, functionality 437 is limited when using wireless interfaces for bridged networking. 438 Currently, VirtualBox supports only IPv4 over wireless. For other 439 protocols such as IPv6 and IPX, you must choose a wired 440 interface.</para> 441 442 <para>Also, setting the MTU to less than 1500 bytes on wired 443 interfaces provided by the sky2 driver on the Marvell Yukon II EC 444 Ultra Ethernet NIC is known to cause packet losses under certain 445 conditions.</para> 446 </listitem> 447 448 <listitem> 449 <para>On <emphasis role="bold">Solaris</emphasis> hosts, there is no 450 support for using wireless interfaces. Filtering guest traffic using 451 IPFilter is also not completely supported due to technical 452 restrictions of the Solaris networking subsystem. These issues would 453 be addressed in a future release of OpenSolaris.</para> 454 455 <para>With VirtualBox 2.0.4 and above, it is possible to use 456 Crossbow Virtual Network Interfaces (VNICs) with bridged networking, 457 but with the following caveats:</para> 435 <para>Même si TAP n'est plus nécessaire sur Linux avec le réseau bridgé, 436 vous <emphasis>pouvez</emphasis> toujours utiliser des interfaces TAP 437 pour certains réglages avancés, puisque vous pouvez connecter une VM à 438 n'importe quelle interface hôte -- ce qui pourrait aussi être une 439 interface TAP.</para> 440 </note>Pour activer le réseau bridgé, tout ce que vous avez besoin de 441 faire est d'ouvrir la boîte de dialogue Paramètres de la fenêtre d'une 442 machine virtuelle, aller sur la page « Réseau » et sélectionner « Réseau 443 bridgé » dans la liste déroulante du champ « Attaché à ». Enfin, 444 sélectionnez l'interface hôte désirée depuis la liste au bas de la page, 445 qui contient les interfaces réseau physiques de vos systèmes. Sur un 446 MacBook typique, par exemple, cela vous permettra de choisir entre « en1: 447 AirPort » (qui est l'interface tans fil) et « en0: Ethernet », qui 448 représente l'interface avec un câble réseau.</para> 449 450 <para>En fonction de votre système d'exploitation hôte, vous devriez garder 451 à l'esprit les limites suivantes :<itemizedlist> 452 <listitem> 453 <para>Sur des hôtes <emphasis role="bold">Macintosh</emphasis>, la 454 fonctionnalité est limitée quand on utilise AirPort (le réseau sans 455 fil de Mac) pour le réseau bridgé. Actuellement, VirtualBox ne supporte 456 que l'IPv4 via AirPort. Pour d'autres protocoles tels qu'IPv6 et IPX, 457 vous devez choisir une interface filaire.</para> 458 </listitem> 459 460 <listitem> 461 <para>Sur les hôtes <emphasis role="bold">Linux</emphasis>, la 462 fonctionnalité est limitée lors de l'utilisation d'interfaces sans 463 fil pour le réseau bridgé. VirtualBox ne supporte actuellement que 464 l'IPv4 via le sans fil. Pour les autres protocoles tels que IPv6 et 465 IPX, vous devez choisir une interface filaire.</para> 466 467 <para>En outre, régler le MTU à moins de 1500 bytes sur les interfaces 468 filaires fournies par le pilote sky2 sur la Marvell Yukon II EC Ultra 469 Ethernet NIC est connu pour entraîner des pertes de paquets dans 470 certaines conditions.</para> 471 </listitem> 472 473 <listitem> 474 <para>Sur les hôtes <emphasis role="bold">Solaris</emphasis>, il n'y 475 a pas de support pour utiliser les interfaces sans fil. Le filtrage du 476 trafic invité en utilisant IPFilter n'est pas non plus totalement 477 supporté du fait de restrictions techniques du sous-système de réseau 478 de Solaris 11.</para> 479 480 <para>Avec VirtualBox 2.0.4 et supérieur, il est possible d'utiliser 481 des interfaces réseaux virtuelles Crossbow (Crossbow Virtual Network 482 Interfaces, VNICs) avec le réseau bridgé, mais avec les précautions 483 suivantes :</para> 458 484 459 485 <itemizedlist> 460 486 <listitem> 461 <para> A VNIC cannot be shared between multiple guest network462 interfaces, i.e. each guest network interface must have its own,463 exclusive VNIC.</para>487 <para>Vous ne pouvez pas partager un VNIC entre plusieurs interfaces 488 réseau virtuelles, ainsi chaque interface réseau invité doit avoir 489 son propre VNIC.</para> 464 490 </listitem> 465 491 466 492 <listitem> 467 <para> The VNIC and the guest network interface that uses the468 VNIC must be assigned identical MAC addresses.</para>493 <para>La VNIC et l'interface réseau de l'invité qui utilise le VNIC 494 doivent se voir assigner des adresses MAC.</para> 469 495 </listitem> 470 496 </itemizedlist> 471 497 472 <para> When using VLAN interfaces with VirtualBox, they must be named473 according to the PPA-hack naming scheme (e.g. "e1000g513001"), as474 otherwise the guest may receive packets in an unexpected475 format.</para>498 <para>Lors de l'utilisation des interfaces VLAN avec VirtualBox, elles 499 doivent être nommées selon le schéma de nommage du hack PPA (comme 500 "e1000g513001"), car sinon, il se peut que l'invité reçoive des paquets 501 sous un format inattendu.</para> 476 502 </listitem> 477 503 </itemizedlist></para> … … 479 505 480 506 <sect1 id="network_internal"> 481 <title>Internal networking</title> 482 483 <para>Internal Networking is similar to bridged networking in that the VM 484 can directly communicate with the outside world. However, the "outside 485 world" is limited to other VMs on the same host which connect to the same internal 486 network.</para> 487 488 <para>Even though technically, everything that can be done using internal 489 networking can also be done using bridged networking, there are security 490 advantages with internal networking. In bridged networking mode, all traffic 491 goes through a physical interface of the host system. It is therefore possible 492 to attach a packet sniffer (such as Wireshark) to the host interface and log 493 all traffic that goes over it. If, for any reason, you prefer two or more VMs 494 on the same machine to communicate privately, hiding their data from both 495 the host system and the user, bridged networking therefore is not an option.</para> 496 497 <para>Internal networks are created automatically as needed, i.e. there is 498 no central configuration. Every internal network is identified simply by 499 its name. Once there is more than one active virtual network card with the 500 same internal network ID, the VirtualBox support driver will automatically 501 "wire" the cards and act as a network switch. The VirtualBox support 502 driver implements a complete Ethernet switch and supports both 503 broadcast/multicast frames and promiscuous mode.</para> 504 505 <para>In order to attach a VM's network card to an internal network, set 506 its networking mode to "internal networking". There are two ways to 507 accomplish this:</para> 507 <title>Réseau interne</title> 508 509 <para>Le réseau interne est similaire au réseau bridgé dans le sens où la 510 VM peut communiquer directement avec le monde extérieur. Cependant le 511 « monde extérieur » est limité aux autres VMs qui se connectent au même 512 réseau interne.</para> 513 514 <para>Même si techniquement, tout ce que vous pouvez faire en utilisant le 515 réseau interne est aussi faisable en utilisant le réseau bridgé, il y a des 516 avantages en matière de sécurité à utiliser le réseau interne. En mode 517 réseau bridgé, tout le trafic passe par une interface physique du système 518 hôte. Il est donc possible d'attacher un détecteur de paquets (tel que 519 Wireshark) à l'interface hôte et d'enregistrer tout le trafic qui passe par 520 lui. Si, pour une raison quelconque, vous préférez que deux ou davantage de 521 VMs de la même machine communiquent de façon privée, tout en cachant leurs 522 données à la fois au système hôte et à et à l'utilisateur, le réseau bridgé 523 n'est donc pas une option.</para> 524 525 <para>Les réseaux internes sont créés automatiquement selon les besoins, 526 ainsi il n'y a pas de configuration centrale. Chaque réseau interne est 527 simplement identifié par son nom. Une fois qu'il y a plus d'une carte réseau 528 virtuelle active avec le même ID de réseau interne, le pilote de support de 529 VirtualBox va automatiquement « brancher » les cartes et agir comme un 530 switch réseau. Le pilote du support de VirtualBox implémente une switch 531 Ethernet complet et supporte à la fois les trames broadcast/multicast et le 532 mode promiscuité.</para> 533 534 <para>Afin d'attacher la carte réseau d'une machine virtuelle à un réseau 535 interne, réglez son mode réseau sur « réseau interne ». Il y a deux façons 536 d'accomplir cela :</para> 508 537 509 538 <para><itemizedlist> 510 539 <listitem> 511 <para> You can use a VM's "Settings" dialog in the VirtualBox512 graphical user interface. In the "Networking" category of the513 settings dialog, select "Internal Networking" from the drop-down514 l ist of networking modes. Now select the name of an existing515 internal network from the drop-down below or enter a new name into516 the entry field.</para>517 </listitem> 518 519 <listitem> 520 <para> You can use <screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --nic<x> intnet</screen>521 Optionally, you can specify a network name with the command <screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --intnet<x> "network name"</screen>522 If you do not specify a network name, the network card will be523 attached to the network <computeroutput>intnet</computeroutput> by524 default.</para>540 <para>Vous pouvez utiliser la boîte de dialogue « Paramètres » de la 541 VM dans l'interface graphique. Dans la catégorie « Réseau » de la 542 boîte de dialogue des paramètres, sélectionnez « Réseau interne » dans 543 la liste déroulante des modes réseau. Maintenant, sélectionnez le nom 544 d'un réseau interne existant depuis le menu déroulant en-dessous ou 545 entrez un nouveau nom dans le champ d'édition.</para> 546 </listitem> 547 548 <listitem> 549 <para>Vous pouvez utiliser <screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "nom VM" --nic<x> intnet</screen> 550 Vous pouvez éventuellement spécifier un nom de réseau avec la commande 551 <screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "nom VM" --intnet<x> "network name"</screen> 552 Si vous ne spécifiez pas de nom de réseau, la carte réseau sera 553 attachée au réseau <computeroutput>intnet</computeroutput> par défaut.</para> 525 554 </listitem> 526 555 </itemizedlist></para> 527 556 528 <para> Unless you configure the (virtual) network cards in the guest529 operating systems that are participating in the internal network to use530 static IP addresses, you may want to use the DHCP server that is built531 into VirtualBox to manage IP addresses for the internal network. Please532 see <xref linkend="vboxmanage-dhcpserver" /> for details.</para>533 534 <para> As a security measure, the Linux implementation of internal535 n etworking only allows VMs running under the same user ID to establish an536 internal network.</para>557 <para>Sauf si vous configurez les cartes réseau (virtuelles) des systèmes 558 d'exploitation invités qui participent au réseau interne pour utiliser des 559 adresses IP statiques, il se peut que vous vouliez utiliser le serveur DHCP 560 construit dans VirtualBox pour gérer les adresses IP pour le réseau interne. 561 Merci de voir le <xref linkend="vboxmanage-dhcpserver" /> pour des détails.</para> 562 563 <para>Par mesure de sécurité, l'implémentation Linux du réseau interne 564 n'autorise que les VMs en fonction sous le même ID utilisateur à établir un 565 réseau interne.</para> 537 566 </sect1> 538 567 539 568 <sect1 id="network_hostonly"> 540 <title>Host-only networking</title> 541 542 <para>Host-only networking is another networking mode that was added with 543 version 2.2 of VirtualBox. It can be thought of as a hybrid between the 544 bridged and internal networking modes: as with bridged networking, the 545 virtual machines can talk to each other and the host as if they were 546 connected through a physical ethernet switch. Similarly, as with internal 547 networking however, a physical networking interface need not be present, 548 and the virtual machines cannot talk to the world outside the host since 549 they are not connected to a physical networking interface.</para> 550 551 <para>Instead, when host-only networking is used, VirtualBox creates a new 552 software interface on the host which then appears next to your existing 553 network interfaces. In other words, whereas with bridged networking an 554 existing physical interface is used to attach virtual machines to, with 555 host-only networking a new "loopback" interface is created on the host. 556 And whereas with internal networking, the traffic between the virtual 557 machines cannot be seen, the traffic on the "loopback" interface on the 558 host can be intercepted.</para> 559 560 <para>Host-only networking is particularly useful for preconfigured 561 virtual appliances, where multiple virtual machines are shipped together 562 and designed to cooperate. For example, one virtual machine may contain a 563 web server and a second one a database, and since they are intended to 564 talk to each other, the appliance can instruct VirtualBox to set up a 565 host-only network for the two. A second (bridged) network would then 566 connect the web server to the outside world to serve data to, but the 567 outside world cannot connect to the database.</para> 568 569 <para>To change a virtual machine's virtual network interface to "host 570 only" mode:<itemizedlist> 571 <listitem> 572 <para>either go to the "Network" page in the virtual machine's 573 settings notebook in the graphical user interface and select 574 "Host-only networking", or</para> 575 </listitem> 576 577 <listitem> 578 <para>on the command line, type <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm 579 "VM name" --nic<x> hostonly</computeroutput>; see <xref 580 linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" /> for details.</para> 569 <title>Réseau privé avec l'hôte (Host-only)</title> 570 571 <para>Le réseau privé avec l'hôte est un autre mode réseau qui a été ajouté 572 avec la version 2.2 de VirtualBox. On peut le concevoir comme un hybride 573 entre les modes réseau bridgé et interne : comme avec le réseau bridgé, les 574 machines virtuelles peuvent se parler entre elles et avec l'hôte comme si 575 elles étaient connectées sur un switch ethernet physique. De la même façon, 576 comme avec le réseau interne cependant, il n'est pas besoin qu'une interface 577 réseau physique soit présente et les machines virtuelles ne peuvent pas 578 parler au monde extérieur à l'hôte puisqu'elles ne sont pas connectées à une 579 interface réseau physique.</para> 580 581 <para>Quand on utilise le réseau privé avec l'hôte, VirtualBox crée à la 582 place une nouvelle interface logicielle sur l'hôte qui apparaît ensuite à 583 côté de vos interfaces réseau existantes. En d'autres termes, alors qu'avec 584 un réseau bridgé, on utilise une interface réseau existante pour y attacher 585 les machines virtuelles, avec le mode hôte privé on crée une nouvelle 586 interface « loopback » sur l'hôte. Et alors qu'avec le réseau interne, on ne 587 peut pas voir le trafic entre les machines virtuelles, on peut intercepter 588 le trafic sur l'interface « loopback » de l'hôte.</para> 589 590 <para>Le réseau avec hôte privé est particulièrement utile pour les 591 applications virtuelles pré-configurées, où plusieurs machines virtuelles 592 sont emballées ensembles et destinées à coopérer. Par exemple, il se peut 593 qu'une machine virtuelle contienne un serveur Web et la seconde une base de 594 données, et puisqu'elles sont prévues pour se parler, l'application peut 595 demander à VirtualBox de régler un réseau avec hôte privé pour les deux. Un 596 second réseau (bridgé) connecterait alors le serveur Web au monde extérieur 597 pour donner accès aux données, mais le monde extérieur ne peut pas se connecter à la base de données.</para> 598 599 <para>Pour passer l'interface réseau de la machine virtuelle en mode « avec 600 hôte privé » :<itemizedlist> 601 <listitem> 602 <para>soit allez sur la page « réseau » dans les paramètres de la 603 machine virtuelle dans l'interface graphique et sélectionnez « Hôte 604 privé » ou</para> 605 </listitem> 606 607 <listitem> 608 <para>en ligne de commande, tapez 609 <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm "nom VM" --nic<x> hostonly</computeroutput> ; 610 voir le <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" /> pour les détails.</para> 581 611 </listitem> 582 612 </itemizedlist></para> 583 613 584 <para> For host-only networking, like with internal networking, you may585 find the DHCP server useful that is built into VirtualBox. This can be586 enabled to then manage the IP addresses in the host-only network since587 otherwise you would need to configure all IP addresses588 statically.<itemizedlist>589 <listitem> 590 <para> In the VirtualBox graphical user interface, you can configure591 all these items in the global settings via "File" -> "Settings"592 -> "Network", which lists all host-only networks which are593 presently in use. Click on the network name and then on the "Edit"594 button to the right, and you can modify the adapter and DHCP595 settings.</para>596 </listitem> 597 598 <listitem> 599 <para>Alternative ly, you can use<computeroutput>VBoxManage600 dhcpserver</computeroutput> on the command line; please see <xref601 linkend="vboxmanage-dhcpserver" /> for details.</para>614 <para>Pour le réseau privé avec hôte, comme avec le réseau interne, il se 615 peut que vous trouviez le serveur DHCP construit dans VirtualBox utile. On 616 peut l'activer puis gérer les adresses IP dynamiques dans le réseau avec 617 hôte privé puisque sinon vous devriez configurer toutes les adresses IP de 618 manière statique.<itemizedlist> 619 <listitem> 620 <para>Dans l'interface graphique de VirtualBox, vous pouvez configurer 621 toutes ces options dans les paramètres globaux avec « Fichier » 622 -> « Paramètres » -> « Réseau », qui liste tous les réseaux avec 623 hôte privé présentement utilisés. Cliquez sur un nom de réseau puis 624 sur le bouton « Éditer » à droite et vous pouvez modifier les paramètres 625 de l'adaptateur et du DHCP.</para> 626 </listitem> 627 628 <listitem> 629 <para>Alternativement, vous pouvez utiliser <computeroutput>VBoxManage 630 dhcpserver</computeroutput> en ligne de commande ; voir le <xref 631 linkend="vboxmanage-dhcpserver" /> pour des détails.</para> 602 632 </listitem> 603 633 </itemizedlist></para> 604 634 </sect1> 635 636 <sect1 id="network_udp_tunnel"> 637 <title>Réseau par tunnel UDP</title> 638 639 <para>Ce mode réseau permet de connecter entre elles des machines virtuelles 640 en fonction sur plusieurs hôtes. 641 </para> 642 643 <para>Techniquement, cela se fait en encapsulant des cadres (frames) Ethernet 644 envoyés ou reçus par la carte réseau invitée dans un chiffreur de données 645 (data datagrams) UDP/IP, et en les envoyant à l'hôte à travers un réseau 646 disponible. 647 </para> 648 649 <para>Le mode Tunnel UDP prend trois paramètres :<glosslist> 650 <glossentry> 651 <glossterm>port UDP source</glossterm> 652 653 <glossdef> 654 <para>Le port sur lequel écoute l'hôte. Les déchiffreurs de données 655 arrivant sur ce port issus de n'importe quelle adresse source seront 656 redirigés vers la partie réceptrice d'une carte réseau invitée.</para> 657 </glossdef> 658 </glossentry> 659 660 <glossentry> 661 <glossterm>adresse de destination</glossterm> 662 663 <glossdef> 664 <para>L'adresse IP de l'hôte cible des données transmises.</para> 665 </glossdef> 666 </glossentry> 667 668 <glossentry> 669 <glossterm>Port UDP de destination</glossterm> 670 671 <glossdef> 672 <para>Numéro de port vers lequel sont envoyées les données transmises.</para> 673 </glossdef> 674 </glossentry> 675 </glosslist></para> 676 677 <para>Lorsqu'on connecte deux machines virtuelles sur deux hôtes différents, 678 leurs adresses IP doivent être échangées. Sur un hôte unique, les ports 679 sources et de destination doivent être échangés.</para> 680 681 <para>Dans l'exemple suivant, l'hôte 1 utilise l'adresse IP 10.0.0.1 et 682 l'hôte 2 utilise l'adresse IP 10.0.0.2. Configuration en ligne de commande :<screen> VBoxManage modifyvm "VM 01 on host 1" --nic<x> generic 683 VBoxManage modifyvm "VM 01 on host 1" --nicgenericdrv<x> UDPTunnel 684 VBoxManage modifyvm "VM 01 on host 1" --nicproperty<x> dest=10.0.0.2 685 VBoxManage modifyvm "VM 01 on host 1" --nicproperty<x> sport=10001 686 VBoxManage modifyvm "VM 01 on host 1" --nicproperty<x> dport=10002</screen> 687 et <screen> VBoxManage modifyvm "VM 02 on host 2" --nic<y> generic 688 VBoxManage modifyvm "VM 02 on host 2" --nicgenericdrv<y> UDPTunnel 689 VBoxManage modifyvm "VM 02 on host 2" --nicproperty<y> dest=10.0.0.1 690 VBoxManage modifyvm "VM 02 on host 2" --nicproperty<y> sport=10002 691 VBoxManage modifyvm "VM 02 on host 2" --nicproperty<y> dport=10001</screen> 692 </para> 693 694 <para>Bien entendu, vous pouvez connecter deux machines virtuelles sur le 695 même hôte en réglant le paramètre d'adresse de destination sur 127.0.0.1 696 sur les deux. Dans ce cas, il agira comme le « Réseau interne », mais 697 l'hôte peut voir le trafic réseau, ce qu'il ne pourrait pas faire en réseau 698 interne normal.</para> 699 700 <para><note>Sur les hôtes basés sur Unix (comme Linux, Solaris, Mac OS X), il 701 n'est pas possible de diriger (bind) sur des ports inférieurs à 1024, à partir 702 d'applications qui ne sont pas exécutées par <computeroutput>root</computeroutput>. 703 Il s'en suit que si vous essayez de configurer un tel port source UDP, la 704 VM refusera de démarrer.</note></para> 705 </sect1> 706 707 <sect1 id="network_vde"> 708 <title>Réseau VDE</title> 709 710 711 <para>Virtual Distributed Ethernet (Ethernet virtuel distribué, VDE<footnote><para>VDE 712 est un projet développé par Renzo Davoli, professeur associé à l'Université 713 de Bologna en Italie.</para></footnote>) est une infrastructure réseau 714 virtuelle flexible, reliant plusieurs hôtes de manière sécurisée. Elle 715 permet de basculer entre L2/L3, y compris avec un protocole d'arborescence 716 de passerelles, entre VLANs et l'émulation WAN. C'est une partie facultative 717 de VirtualBox qui n'est incluse que dans code source.</para> 718 719 <para>Les blocs de construction de base de l'infrastructure sont des switches 720 VDE, des plugs (prises) VDE et des fils VDE, qui connectent les switches 721 entre eux.</para> 722 723 <para>Le pilote VDE de VirtualBox prend un paramètre :<glosslist> 724 <glossentry> 725 <glossterm>Réseau VDE</glossterm> 726 727 <glossdef> 728 <para>Le nom du socket du switch du réseau VDE vers lequel se connectera 729 la VM.</para> 730 </glossdef> 731 </glossentry> 732 </glosslist></para> 733 734 <para>L'exemple de base suivant montre comment connecter une machine virtuelle 735 à un switch VDE :</para> 736 737 <para><orderedlist> 738 <listitem> 739 <para>Créez un switch VDE : 740 <screen>vde_switch -s /tmp/switch1</screen> 741 </para> 742 </listitem> 743 <listitem> 744 <para>Configuration en ligne de commande : 745 <screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "nom VM" --nic<x> generic</screen> 746 <screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "nom VM" --nicgenericdrv<x> VDE</screen> 747 Pour se connecter au port du switch automatiquement affecté, utilisez : 748 <screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "nom VM" --nicproperty<x> network=/tmp/switch1</screen> 749 Pour se connecter à un port spécifique du switch <n>, utilisez : 750 <screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "nom VM" --nicproperty<x> network=/tmp/switch1[<n>]</screen> 751 La dernière option peut être utile pour des VLANs. 752 </para> 753 </listitem> 754 <listitem> 755 <para>Plan facultatif entre un port de switch VDE et un VLAN : (du 756 switch en console) 757 <screen>vde$ vlan/create <VLAN></screen> 758 <screen>vde$ port/setvlan <port> <VLAN></screen> 759 </para> 760 </listitem> 761 </orderedlist></para> 762 763 <para>VDE n'est disponible que sur des hôtes Linux et FreeBSD. Il n'est 764 disponible que si le logiciel VDE et la bibliothèque du plugin VDE du projet 765 VirtualSquare sont installés sur le système hôte. Pour plus 766 d'informations sur le paramétrage des réseaux VDE, merci de voir la 767 documentation qui accompagne le logiciel.<footnote> 768 <para><ulink 769 url="http://wiki.virtualsquare.org/wiki/index.php/VDE_Basic_Networking">http://wiki.virtualsquare.org/wiki/index.php/VDE_Basic_Networking</ulink>.</para> 770 </footnote></para> 771 </sect1> 605 772 </chapter> -
trunk/doc/manual/fr_FR/user_Storage.xml
r34084 r38233 5 5 <title>Stockage virtuel</title> 6 6 7 <para> As the virtual machine will most probably expect to see a hard disk8 built into its virtual computer, VirtualBox must be able to present "real"9 storage to the guest as a virtual hard disk. There are presently three10 methods in which to achieve this:</para>7 <para>Vu que la machine virtuelle s'attendra très probablement à voir un 8 disque dur virtuel construit dans son ordinateur virtuel, VirtualBox doit 9 pouvoir présenter un support de stockage « réel » à l'invité comme un disque 10 dur virtuel. Il y a actuellement trois méthodes pour effectuer cela :</para> 11 11 12 12 <orderedlist> 13 13 <listitem> 14 <para> Most commonly, VirtualBox will use large image files on a real15 hard disk and present them to a guest as a virtual hard disk. This is16 described in<xref linkend="vdidetails" />.</para>14 <para>Le plus souvent, VirtualBox utilisera les grands fichiers images sur 15 un vrai disque dur et les présenter à un invité comme un disque dur virtuel. 16 Ceci est décrit au <xref linkend="vdidetails" />.</para> 17 17 </listitem> 18 18 19 19 <listitem> 20 <para>Alternative ly, if you have iSCSI storage servers, you can attach21 such a server to VirtualBox as well; this is described in <xref22 linkend="storage-iscsi" />.</para>20 <para>Alternativement, si vous avez des serveurs de stockage iSCSI, vous 21 pouvez aussi attacher de tels serveurs à VirtualBox ; ceci est décrit 22 au <xref linkend="storage-iscsi" />.</para> 23 23 </listitem> 24 24 25 25 <listitem> 26 <para> Finally, as an experimental feature, you can allow a virtual27 machine to access one of your host disks directly; this advanced feature28 is described in<xref linkend="rawdisk" />.</para>26 <para>Enfin, en fonctionnalité expérimentale, vous pouvez autoriser une 27 machine virtuelle à accéder directement à un de vos disques hôtes ; 28 cette fonctionnalité avancée est décrite au <xref linkend="rawdisk" />.</para> 29 29 </listitem> 30 30 </orderedlist> 31 31 32 <para> Each such virtual storage device (image file, iSCSI target or physical33 hard disk) will need to be connected to the virtual hard disk controller34 that VirtualBox presents to a virtual machine. This is explained in the next35 section.</para>32 <para>Chacun de ces périphériques de stockage virtuels (fichier image, cible 33 iSCSI ou disque dur physique) devra être connecté au contrôleur de disque dur 34 virtuel que présente VirtualBox à une machine virtuelle. Ceci est expliqué 35 dans la prochaine section.</para> 36 36 37 37 <sect1 id="harddiskcontrollers"> 38 <title>Hard disk controllers: IDE, SATA (AHCI), SCSI, SAS</title> 39 40 <para>In a real PC, hard disks and CD/DVD drives are connected to a device 41 called hard disk controller which drives hard disk operation and data 42 transfers. VirtualBox can emulate the three most common types of hard disk 43 controllers typically found in today's PCs: IDE, SATA (AHCI) and 44 SCSI.<footnote> 45 <para>SATA support was added with VirtualBox 1.6; experimental SCSI 46 support was added with 2.1 and fully implemented with 2.2. Generally, 47 storage attachments were made much more flexible with VirtualBox 3.1; 48 see below.</para> 38 <title>Contrôleurs de disques durs : IDE, SATA (AHCI), SCSI, SAS</title> 39 40 <para>Dans un vrai PC, les disques durs et les lecteurs de CD/DVD sont 41 connectés à un périphérique appelé contrôleur de disque dur, qui dirige les 42 opérations du disque dur et les transferts de données. VirtualBox peut 43 émuler les trois types les plus courants de contrôleurs de disque dur qu'on 44 trouve généralement sur les PCs d'aujourd'hui : IDE, SATA (AHCI) et SCSI.<footnote> 45 <para>Le support SATA a été ajouté avec VirtualBox 1.6 ; le support 46 expérimental de SCSI a été ajouté avec la version 2.1 puis complètement 47 ajouté avec la 2.2. De façon générale, l'attachements de supports de 48 stockage a été rendu beaucoup plus flexible avec VirtualBox 3.1 ; 49 voir ci-dessous.</para> 49 50 </footnote><itemizedlist> 50 51 <listitem> 51 <para><emphasis role="bold">IDE (ATA)</emphasis> controllers have 52 been in use since the 1980s. Initially, this type of interface 53 worked only with hard disks, but was later extended to also support 54 CD-ROM drives and other types of removable media. In physical PCs, 55 this standard uses flat ribbon parallel cables with 40 or 80 wires. 56 Each such cable can connect two devices to a controller, which have 57 traditionally been called "master" and "slave". Typical hard disk 58 controllers have two connectors for such cables; as a result, most 59 PCs support up to four devices.</para> 60 61 <para>In VirtualBox, each virtual machine has one IDE controller 62 enabled by default, which gives you up to four virtual storage 63 devices that you can attach to the machine. (By default, one of 64 these four -- the secondary master -- is preconfigured to be the 65 machine's virtual CD/DVD drive, but this can be changed.<footnote> 66 <para>The assignment of the machine's CD/DVD drive to the 67 secondary master was fixed before VirtualBox 3.1; it is now 68 changeable, and the drive can be at other slots of the IDE 69 controller, and there can be more than one such drive.</para> 52 <para>Les contrôleurs <emphasis role="bold">IDE (ATA)</emphasis> sont utilisés 53 depuis les années 80. Au départ, ce type d'interface ne fonctionnait 54 qu'avec les disques durs, mais il a été étendu ensuite aussi pour 55 supporter les lecteurs de CD-ROM et d'autres types de médias amovibles. 56 Dans un PC physique, ce standard utilise des nappes de 40 ou 80 broches. 57 Chacune de ces nappes connecte deux périphériques à un contrôleur, ce 58 que l'on a appelé traditionnellement « master » (maître) et « slave » 59 (esclave). Les contrôleurs de disque dur ont en général deux 60 connecteurs pour de telles nappes ; il s'en suit que la plupart des PCs 61 supportent jusqu'à quatre périphériques.</para> 62 63 <para>Dans VirtualBox, chaque machine virtuelle a un contrôleur IDE 64 activé par défaut, ce qui vous permet d'attacher jusqu'à quatre 65 périphériques de stockage virtuels à la machine. (Par défaut, un des 66 quatre - le second maître - est pré-configuré pour être le lecteur 67 virtuel de CD/DVD de la machine, mais vous pouvez modifier cela.) <footnote> 68 <para>L'affectation du lecteur CD/DVD de la machine au maître 69 secondaire a été corrigée avant VirtualBox 3.1 ; on peut 70 maintenant la modifier ; et le lecteur peut être branché sur 71 d'autres slots du contrôleur IDE, et il peut y avoir plus d'un 72 lecteurs comme ça.</para> 70 73 </footnote>)</para> 71 74 72 <para>So even if your guest operating system has no support for SCSI 73 or SATA devices, it should always be able to see the default IDE 74 controller that is enabled by default.</para> 75 76 <para>You can also select which exact type of IDE controller 77 hardware VirtualBox should present to the virtual machine (PIIX3, 78 PIIX4 or ICH6). This makes no difference in terms of performance, 79 but if you import a virtual machine from another virtualization 80 product, the operating system in that machine may expect a 81 particular controller and crash if it isn't found.</para> 82 83 <para>After you have created a new virtual machine with the "New 84 Virtual Machine" wizard of the graphical user interface, you will 85 typically see one IDE controller in the machine's "Storage" 86 settings where the virtual CD/DVD drive will be attached 87 to one of the four ports of this controller.</para> 88 </listitem> 89 90 <listitem> 91 <para><emphasis role="bold">Serial ATA (SATA)</emphasis> is a newer 92 standard introduced in 2003. Compared to IDE, it supports both much 93 higher speeds and more devices per hard disk controller. Also, with 94 physical hardware, devices can be added and removed while the system 95 is running. The standard interface for SATA controllers is called 96 Advanced Host Controller Interface (<emphasis 75 <para>Donc même si votre système d'exploitation invité ne supporte pas 76 les périphériques SCSI ou SATA, il devrait toujours pouvoir voir le 77 contrôleur IDE par défaut activé.</para> 78 79 <para>Vous pouvez aussi sélectionner précisément le type de matériel 80 de contrôleur IDE que VirtualBox devrait présenter à la machine virtu 81 elle (PIIX3, PIIX4 ou ICH6). Cela ne constitue aucune différence en 82 termes de performances mais si vous importez une machine virtuelle à 83 partir d'un autre produit de virtualisation, il se peut que le système 84 d'exploitation de cette machine s'attende à un contrôleur particulier 85 et plante s'il ne le trouve pas.</para> 86 87 <para>Après que vous ayez créé une nouvelle machine virtuelle avec 88 l'assistant « Nouvelle machine » de l'interface graphique, vous verrez 89 en général un contrôleur IDE dans les paramètres de « Stockage » de la 90 machine, où le lecteur de CD/DVD virtuel sera attaché à l'un des quatre 91 ports de ce contrôleur.</para> 92 </listitem> 93 94 <listitem> 95 <para><emphasis role="bold">Serial ATA (SATA)</emphasis> est un standard plus 96 récent apparu en 2003. Par rapport à l'IDE, il supporte à la fois des 97 vitesses beaucoup plus élevées et davantage de périphériques par 98 contrôleur de disque dur. En outre, avec du matériel physique, vous 99 pouvez ajouter des périphériques et les supprimer alors que le système 100 est en fonction. L'interface standard pour les contrôleurs SATA 101 s'appelle Advanced Host Controller Interface (<emphasis 97 102 role="bold">AHCI</emphasis>).</para> 98 103 99 <para>For compatibility reasons, AHCI controllers by default operate 100 the disks attached to it in a so-called "IDE compatibility mode", 101 unless SATA support is explicitly requested. "IDE compatibility 102 mode" only means that the drives can be seen and operated by the 103 computer's BIOS. Still, disks assigned to those slots will operate 104 in full-speed AHCI mode once the guest operating system has loaded 105 its AHCI device driver.</para> 106 107 <para>Like a real SATA controller, VirtualBox's virtual SATA 108 controller operates faster and also consumes less CPU resources than 109 the virtual IDE controller. Also, this allows you to connect up to 110 30 virtual hard disks to one machine instead of just three, as with 111 the VirtualBox IDE controller (with the DVD drive already attached). 112 Of these, the first four (numbered 0-3 in the graphical user 113 interface) are operated in IDE compatibility mode by default.</para> 114 115 <para>For this reason, starting with version 3.2 and depending on 116 the selected guest operating system, VirtualBox uses SATA as the 117 default for newly created virtual machines. One virtual SATA 118 controller is created by default, and the default disk that is 119 created with a new VM is attached to this controller.<warning> 120 <para>The entire SATA controller and the virtual disks attached 121 to it (including those in IDE compatibility mode) will not be 122 seen by operating systems that do not have device support for 123 AHCI. In particular, <emphasis role="bold">there is no support 124 for AHCI in Windows before Windows Vista</emphasis>, so Windows 125 XP (even SP2) will not see such disks unless you install 126 additional drivers. It is possible to switch from IDE to SATA 127 after installation by installing the SATA drivers and changing 128 the controller type in the VM settings dialog. 129 <footnote><para>VirtualBox recommends the Intel Matrix Storage 130 drivers which can be downloaded from 104 <para>Pour des questions de compatibilité, les contrôleurs AHCI par 105 défaut voient les disques qui y sont attachés dans un « mode IDE de 106 compatibilité », sauf si le support SATA est explicitement demandé. Le 107 « mode IDE de compatibilité » signifie seulement que les lecteurs 108 peuvent être vus et utilisés par le BIOS de l'ordinateur. Mais, les 109 disques attachés à ces emplacement travailleront en mode AHCI pleine 110 vitesse une fois que le système invité aura chargé son pilote de 111 périphérique AHCI.</para> 112 113 <para>Comme un vrai contrôleur SATA, le contrôleur virtuel SATA de 114 VirtualBox agit plus vite et consomme aussi moins de ressources 115 processeur que le contrôleur IDE virtuel. En outre, ceci vous permet 116 de connecter jusqu'à 30 disques durs virtuels à une machine contre à 117 peine trois pour l'IDE (avec le lecteur DVD déjà attaché). Parmi eux, 118 les quatre premiers (numérotés de 0 à 3 dans l'interface graphique 119 sont gérés par défaut en mode IDE de compatibilité.</para> 120 121 <para>C'est pour cette raison qu'à partir de la version 3.2 et en 122 fonction du système d'exploitation invité sélectionné, VirtualBox 123 utilise SATA par défaut pour les machines virtuelles nouvellement créées. 124 Un contrôleur SATA est créé par défaut et le disque par défaut qui a 125 été créé avec une nouvelle machine virtuelle est attaché à ce 126 contrôleur.<warning> 127 <para>Le contrôleur SATA et les disques virtuels qui y sont 128 attachés (y compris ceux en mode compatibilité IDE) ne seront pas 129 vus par un système d'exploitation qui n'a pas de support 130 périphérique pour AHCI. En particulier, <emphasis role="bold">il 131 n'y a pas de support pour AHCI sur les Windows antérieurs à Windows 132 Vista</emphasis>, donc Windows XP (même SP2) ne verra pas de tels 133 disques sauf si vous installez les pilotes supplémentaires. Il est 134 possible de basculer entre IDE et SATA après l'installation en 135 installant les pilotes SATA et en modifiant le type de contrôleur 136 dans la boîte de dialogue des paramètres de la VM. 137 <footnote><para>VirtualBox recommande les pilotes 138 Intel Matrix qu'on peut télécharger sur 131 139 http://downloadcenter.intel.com/Product_Filter.aspx?ProductID=2101 132 140 </para></footnote></para> 133 141 </warning></para> 134 142 135 <para>To add a SATA controller to a machine for which it has not 136 been enabled by default (either because it was created by an earlier 137 version of VirtualBox, or because SATA is not supported by default 138 by the selected guest operating system), go to the "Storage" page of 139 of the machine's settings dialog, click on the "Add Controller" 140 button under the "Storage Tree" box and then select "Add SATA 141 Controller". After this, the additional controller will appear as a 142 separate PCI device in the virtual machine, and you can add virtual 143 disks to it.</para> 144 145 <para>To change the IDE compatibility mode settings for the SATA 146 controller, please see <xref linkend="vboxmanage-storage" />.</para> 147 </listitem> 148 149 <listitem> 150 <para><emphasis role="bold">SCSI</emphasis> is another established 151 industry standard, standing for "Small Computer System Interface". 152 SCSI was standardized as early as 1986 as a generic interface for 153 data transfer between all kinds of devices, including storage 154 devices. Today SCSI is still used for connecting hard disks and tape 155 devices, but it has mostly been displaced in commodity hardware. It 156 is still in common use in high-performance workstations and 157 servers.</para> 158 159 <para>Primarily for compatibility with other virtualization 160 software, VirtualBox optionally supports LSI Logic and BusLogic SCSI 161 controllers, to each of which up to 15 virtual hard disks can be 162 attached.</para> 163 164 <para>To enable a SCSI controller, on the "Storage" page of a 165 virtual machine's settings dialog, click on the "Add Controller" 166 button under the "Storage Tree" box and then select "Add SCSI 167 Controller". After this, the additional controller will appear as a 168 separate PCI device in the virtual machine.<warning> 169 <para>As with the other controller types, a SCSI controller will 170 only be seen by operating systems with device support for it. 171 Windows 2003 and later ships with drivers for the LSI Logic 172 controller, while Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 2000 ships with drivers 173 for the BusLogic controller. Windows XP ships with drivers for 174 neither. 143 <para>Pour ajouter un contrôleur SATA à une machine pour laquelle il 144 n'a pas été activé par défaut (soit parce qu'elle a été créée par une 145 version antérieure de VirtualBox soit parce que le SATA n'est pas 146 supporté par le système d'exploitation par défaut sélectionné), allez 147 sur l'onglet « stockage » de la boîte de dialogue des paramètres de la 148 machine, cliquez sur le bouton « Ajouter un contrôleur » sous la case 149 « Arborescence de stockage » puis sélectionnez « Ajouter un contrôleur 150 SATA ». Après quoi, le contrôleur supplémentaire apparaîtra comme 151 périphérique PCI séparé dans la machine virtuelle et vous pouvez y 152 ajouter des disques virtuels.</para> 153 154 <para>Pour modifier les paramètres du mode de compatibilité IDE du 155 contrôleur SATA, merci de voir le <xref linkend="vboxmanage-storagectl" />.</para> 156 </listitem> 157 158 <listitem> 159 <para><emphasis role="bold">SCSI</emphasis> est un autre standard 160 161 industriel, signifiant « Small Computer System Interface ». Il a été 162 établi dès 1986 comme une interface générique pour le transfert de 163 données entre tous types de périphérique, y compris les périphériques 164 de stockage. Aujourd'hui, le SCSI est toujours utilisé pour connecter 165 des disques durs et des périphériques de bande magnétique, mais la 166 plupart du temps, il a été relégué en matériel de secours. Il est 167 encore couramment utilisé sur des stations de travail et des serveurs 168 haute performance.</para> 169 170 <para>Pour des raisons principalement liées à la compatibilité avec 171 d'autres logiciels de virtualisation, VirtualBox supporte éventuellement 172 les contrôleurs LsiLogic et BusLogic, sur lesquels vous pouvez attacher 173 jusqu'à 16 disques durs virtuels.</para> 174 175 <para>Pour activer un contrôleur SCSI, sur l'onglet « Stockage » d'une 176 boîte de dialogue de paramètres d'une machine virtuelle, cliquez sur 177 le bouton « Ajouter un contrôleur » sous la case à cocher « arborescence 178 de stockage », puis sélectionnez « Ajouter un contrôleur SCSI ». Après 179 quoi le contrôleur supplémentaire apparaîtra comme un périphérique PCI 180 distinct dans la machine virtuelle.<warning> 181 <para>Comme avec les autres types de contrôleur, un contrôleur 182 SCSI ne sera vu par les systèmes d'exploitation qu'avec le support 183 pour un tel périphérique. Windows 2003 et supérieur incluent les 184 pilotes pour le contrôleur LSI Logic, tandis que Windows NT 4.0 et 185 Windows 2000 incluent les pilotes pour le contrôleur BusLogic. 186 Windows XP n'inclut les pilotes pour aucun contrôleur. 175 187 </para> 176 188 </warning></para> … … 178 190 179 191 <listitem> 180 <para><emphasis role="bold">Serial Attached SCSI (SAS)</emphasis> is 181 another bus standard which uses the SCSI command set. As opposed to 182 SCSI, however, with physical devices, serial cables are used instead 183 of parallel ones, which simplifies physical device connections. In 184 some ways, therefore, SAS is to SCSI what SATA is to IDE: it allows 185 for more reliable and faster connections. </para> 186 187 <para>To support high-end guests which require SAS controllers, 188 VirtualBox emulates a LSI Logic SAS controller, which can be enabled 189 much the same way as a SCSI controller. At this time, up to eight 190 devices can be connected to the SAS controller.<footnote> 191 <para>Support for the LSI Logic SAS controller was added with 192 <para><emphasis role="bold">SCSI attaché en série (Serial Attached 193 SCSI, SAS)</emphasis> est un autre standard de bus qui utilise le jeux de 194 commandes de SCSI. Mais contrairement à SCSI, avec des périphériques 195 physiques, ce sont des câbles série qui sont utilisés au lieu de câbles 196 parallèle, ce qui simplifie les connexions de périphériques physiques. 197 En quelque sorte, le SAS est au SCSI ce que le SCSI est à l'IDE : il 198 permet davantage de connexions, plus fiables et plus rapides.</para> 199 200 <para>Pour supporter les invités de haut niveau qui exigent des 201 contrôleurs SAS, VirtualBox émule un contrôleur SAS LsiLogic que vous 202 pouvez activer de la même façon qu'un contrôleur SCSI. Pour l'instant, 203 vous pouvez connecter jusqu'à huit périphériques au contrôleur SAS.<footnote> 204 <para>Le support du contrôleur LSI Logic SAS a été ajouté avec 192 205 VirtualBox 3.2.</para> 193 206 </footnote></para> 194 207 195 208 <warning> 196 <para> As with SATA, the SAS controller will only be seen by197 operating systems with device support for it. In particular,198 <emphasis role="bold"> there is no support for SAS inWindows199 before Windows Vista</emphasis>, so Windows XP (even SP2) will not200 see such disks unless you install additional drivers.</para>209 <para>Comme avec SATA, le contrôleur SAS ne sera vu que par les 210 systèmes d'exploitation qui le supportent. En particulier, 211 <emphasis role="bold">il n'y a pas de support pour SAS dans Windows 212 avant Windows Vista</emphasis>, donc Windows XP (même SP2) ne verra 213 pas de tels disques sauf si vous installez des pilotes supplémentaires.</para> 201 214 </warning> 202 215 </listitem> 203 216 </itemizedlist></para> 204 217 205 <para>In summary, VirtualBox gives you the following categories of virtual 206 storage slots:<orderedlist> 207 <listitem> 208 <para>four slots attached to the traditional IDE controller, which 209 are always present (one of which typically is a virtual CD/DVD 210 drive);</para> 211 </listitem> 212 213 <listitem> 214 <para>30 slots attached to the SATA controller, if enabled and 215 provided that your guest operating system can see it; these slots 216 can either be<orderedlist> 218 <para>En résumé, VirtualBox vous donne les catégories suivantes d'emplacement de stockage virtuels :<orderedlist> 219 <listitem> 220 <para>Quatre emplacements attachés au contrôleur IDE traditionnel, qui 221 sont toujours toujours présents (en général l'un d'eux est en général 222 un lecteur de CD/DVD virtuel) ;</para> 223 </listitem> 224 225 <listitem> 226 <para>30 emplacements attachés au contrôleur SATA, s'il est activé et 227 si votre système d'exploitation peut le voir ; ces emplacements peuvent 228 être soit<orderedlist> 217 229 <listitem> 218 <para> in IDE compatibility mode (by default, slots 0-3)219 or</para>230 <para>En mode compatibilité IDE (par défaut les emplacements 0 231 à 3) ou</para> 220 232 </listitem> 221 233 222 234 <listitem> 223 <para> in SATA mode;</para>235 <para>En mode SATA ;</para> 224 236 </listitem> 225 237 </orderedlist></para> … … 227 239 228 240 <listitem> 229 <para>15 slots attached to the SCSI controller, if enabled and230 support ed by the guest operating system;</para>231 </listitem> 232 233 <listitem> 234 <para> eight slots attached to the SAS controller, if enabled and235 support ed by the guest operating system.</para>241 <para>15 emplacements attachés au contrôleur SCSI, s'il est activé et 242 supporté par le système d'exploitation invité ;</para> 243 </listitem> 244 245 <listitem> 246 <para>Huit emplacements attachés au contrôleur SAS, s'il est activé et 247 supporté par le système d'exploitation invité.</para> 236 248 </listitem> 237 249 </orderedlist></para> 238 250 239 <para> Given this large choice of storage controllers, you may ask yourself240 which one to choose. In general, you should avoid IDE unless it is the only241 controller supported by your guest. Whether you use SATA, SCSI or SAS does242 not make any real difference.</para>251 <para>Étant donné le vaste choix de contrôleurs de stockage, il se peut 252 que vous vous demandiez lequel choisir. En général, vous devriez éviter 253 l'IDE, sauf si c'est le seul contrôleur supporté par votre invité. Que 254 vous utilisez SATA, SCSI, ou SAS, il n'y a pas de différence réelle.</para> 243 255 </sect1> 244 256 245 257 <sect1 id="vdidetails"> 246 <title> Disk image files(VDI, VMDK, VHD, HDD)</title>247 248 <para> Disk image files reside on the host system and are seen by the guest249 systems as hard disks of a certain geometry. When a guest operating system250 reads from or writes to a hard disk, VirtualBox redirects the request to251 the image file.</para>252 253 <para> Note that when you create an image file, its size needs to be254 s pecified, which represents a fixed geometry of the virtual disk. It is255 therefore not possible to change the size of the virtual hard disk256 later.</para> 257 258 <para>VirtualBox supports four variants of disk image files:<itemizedlist>259 <listitem>260 <para>Normally, VirtualBox uses its own container format for guest261 hard disks -- Virtual Disk Image (VDI) files. In particular, this262 format will be used when you create a new virtual machine with a new263 disk.</para>264 </listitem> 265 266 <listitem>267 <para>VirtualBox also fully supports the popular and open VMDK268 container format that is used by many other virtualization products,269 in particular, by VMware.<footnote>270 <para>Initial support for VMDK was added with VirtualBox 1.4;271 since version 2.1, VirtualBox supports VMDK fully, meaning that272 you can create snapshots and use all the other advanced features273 described above for VDI images with VMDK also.</para>258 <title>Fichiers images de disque (VDI, VMDK, VHD, HDD)</title> 259 260 <para>Les fichiers images de disque résident sur le système hôte et sont vus 261 par les systèmes invités comme des disques durs d'une certaine géométrie. 262 Lorsqu'un système d'exploitation lit depuis ou écrit sur un disque dur, 263 VirtualBox redirige la demande sur le fichier image.</para> 264 265 <para>Remarquez que quand vous créez un fichier image, vous devez spécifier 266 sa taille, qui représente une géométrie fixe du disque virtuelle. Il n'est 267 donc pas possible de modifier la taille du disque dur virtuel ultérieurement.</para> 268 269 <para>VirtualBox supporte quatre variantes de fichiers images de disque :<itemizedlist> 270 <listitem> 271 <para>Normalement, VirtualBox utilise son propre format de contenu 272 pour les disques durs invités - fichiers Virtual Disk Image (VDI) -. 273 En particulier, ce format sera utilisée quand vous créerez une nouvelle 274 machine virtuelle avec un nouveau disque.</para> 275 </listitem> 276 277 <listitem> 278 <para>VirtualBox supporte aussi complètement le format de contenu 279 populaire et libre VMDK utilisé par beaucoup d'autres produits de 280 virtualisation, en particulier par Vmware.<footnote> 281 <para>Le support initial pour VMDK a été ajouté avec VirtualBox 1.4 ; 282 depuis la version 2.1, VirtualBox supporte complètement VMDK, 283 ce qui veut dire que vous pouvez créer des instantanés et utiliser 284 toutes les autres fonctionnalités avancées décrites ci-dessus pour 285 les images VDI également avec VMDK.</para> 274 286 </footnote></para> 275 287 </listitem> 276 288 277 289 <listitem> 278 <para>VirtualBox also fully supports the VHD format used by290 <para>VirtualBox supporte aussi pleinement le format VHD utilisé par 279 291 Microsoft.</para> 280 292 </listitem> 281 293 282 294 <listitem> 283 <para>Image files of Parallels version 2 (HDD format) are also 284 supported.<footnote> 285 <para>Support was added with VirtualBox 3.1.</para> 286 </footnote> For lack of documentation of the format, newer formats 287 (3 and 4) are not supported. You can however convert such image 288 files to version 2 format using tools provided by Parallels.</para> 295 <para>Les fichiers images de Parallels version 2 (format HDD) sont 296 aussi supportés.<footnote> 297 <para>Le support a été ajouté à VirtualBox 3.1.</para> 298 </footnote> Faute de documentation sur le format, les formats 299 récents (3 et 4) ne sont pas supportés. Vous pouvez cependant 300 convertir de tels fichiers images vers le format de la version 2 en 301 utilisant les outils fournis par Parallels.</para> 289 302 </listitem> 290 303 </itemizedlist></para> 291 304 292 <para>I rrespective of the disk format, as briefly mentioned in <xref293 linkend="gui-createvm" />, there are two options of how to create a disk294 image: fixed-size or dynamically expanding.</para>305 <para>Indépendamment du format de disque, comme il a été brièvement mentionné 306 au <xref linkend="gui-createvm" />, il y a deux options pour créer une image 307 de disque : taille statique ou extension dynamique.</para> 295 308 296 309 <itemizedlist> 297 310 <listitem> 298 <para>If you create a <emphasis role="bold">fixed-size 299 image</emphasis> of e.g. 10 GB, an image file of roughly the same size 300 will be created on your host system. Note that the creation of a 301 fixed-size image can take a long time depending on the size of the 302 image and the write performance of your hard disk.</para> 303 </listitem> 304 305 <listitem> 306 <para>For more flexible storage management, use a <emphasis 307 role="bold">dynamically expanding image</emphasis>. This will 308 initially be very small and not occupy any space for unused virtual 309 disk sectors, but the image file will grow every time a disk sector is 310 written to for the first time. While this format takes less space 311 initially, the fact that VirtualBox needs to constantly expand the 312 image file consumes additional computing resources, so until the disk 313 has fully expanded, write operations are slower than with fixed size 314 disks. However, after a dynamic disk has fully expanded, the 315 performance penalty for read and write operations is 316 negligible.</para> 311 <para>Si vous créez une <emphasis role="bold">image à la taille fixe</emphasis> 312 de, par exemple, 10 Gio, un fichier image d'à peu près la même taille 313 sera créé sur votre système hôte. Remarquez que la création d'une image 314 à taille statique peut prendre beaucoup de temps selon la taille de 315 l'image et les performances d'écriture de votre disque dur.</para> 316 </listitem> 317 318 <listitem> 319 <para>Pour une gestion du stockage plus flexible, utilisez une <emphasis 320 role="bold">image à extension dynamique</emphasis>. Celle ci sera au 321 départ très petite et n'occupera pas d'espace pour des secteurs du disque 322 virtuel non utilisés, mais le fichier image grossira chaque fois qu'on 323 écrira sur un secteur du disque pour la première fois. Si ce format 324 prend moins d'espace disque au début, le fait que VirtualBox doive 325 étendre en permanence le fichier image consomme des ressources machines 326 supplémentaires, donc jusqu'à ce que le disque ne soit entièrement 327 rempli, les opérations d'écriture sont plus lentes qu'avec des disques à 328 taille statique. Cependant, après qu'un disque dynamique a été étendu 329 entièrement, la différence de performances pour les opérations de lecture 330 et d'écriture est négligeable.</para> 317 331 </listitem> 318 332 </itemizedlist> … … 320 334 321 335 <sect1 id="vdis"> 322 <title> The Virtual Media Manager</title>323 324 <para>VirtualBox keeps an internal registry of all available hard disk,325 CD/DVD-ROM and floppy disk images. This registry can be viewed and changed326 in the <emphasis role="bold">Virtual Media Manager</emphasis>, which you327 can access from the "File" menu in the VirtualBox main window:</para>336 <title>Le gestionnaire de médias virtuels</title> 337 338 <para>VirtualBox conserve un registre interne de toutes les images disponibles 339 de disque, CD/DVD-ROM et de disquette. Vous pouvez voir et modifier ce 340 registre dans le gestionnaire de médias virtuels, auquel vous pouvez 341 accéder depuis le menu « Fichier » dans la fenêtre principale de VirtualBox :</para> 328 342 329 343 <para><mediaobject> 330 344 <imageobject> 331 <imagedata align="center" fileref=" images/virtual-disk-manager.png"345 <imagedata align="center" fileref="../en_US/images/virtual-disk-manager.png" 332 346 width="10cm" /> 333 347 </imageobject> 334 </mediaobject> The window shows you all images that are currently335 registered with VirtualBox, conveniently grouped in three tabs for the336 three possible formats. These formats are:</para>348 </mediaobject>La fenêtre vous montre toutes les images actuellement 349 enregistrées avec VirtualBox, regroupées de façon pratique en trois onglets 350 pour les trois formats possibles. Ces formats sont :</para> 337 351 338 352 <itemizedlist> 339 353 <listitem> 340 <para> Hard disk images, either in VirtualBox's own Virtual Disk Image341 (VDI) format or in the third-party formats listed above;</para>342 </listitem> 343 344 <listitem> 345 <para> CD/DVD images in standard ISO format;</para>346 </listitem> 347 348 <listitem> 349 <para> floppy images in standard RAW format.</para>354 <para>Les images de disque dur, soit au format Virtual Disk Image (VDI) 355 de VirtualBox lui-même, soit dans les formats tiers listés ci-dessus ;</para> 356 </listitem> 357 358 <listitem> 359 <para>Les images de CD/DVD au format standard ISO ;</para> 360 </listitem> 361 362 <listitem> 363 <para>Des images de disquette au format standard RAW.</para> 350 364 </listitem> 351 365 </itemizedlist> 352 366 353 <para> As you can see in the screenshot above, for each image, the Virtual354 Media Manager shows you the full path of the image file and other355 information, such as the virtual machine the image is currently attached356 to, if any.</para>357 358 <para> The Virtual Media Manager allows you to</para>367 <para>Comme vous pouvez le voir dans la capture d'écran ci-dessus, pour 368 chaque image, le gestionnaire de médias virtuels vous montre le chemin 369 complet vers le fichier image et d'autres informations telles que la machine 370 virtuelle à laquelle l'image est actuellement attachée, s'il y en a une.</para> 371 372 <para>Le gestionnaire de médias virtuels vous permet de</para> 359 373 360 374 <itemizedlist> 361 375 <listitem> 362 <para>cr eate new hard disk images using the <emphasis363 role="bold">"New"</emphasis> button; this will bring up the "Create364 Disk Image" wizard already described in<xref376 <para>créer de nouvelles images de disque dur en utilisant le bouton 377 <emphasis role="bold">"Nouveau"</emphasis> ; cela ouvrira l'assistant 378 « Créer une image de disque » déjà décrit au <xref 365 379 linkend="gui-createvm" />;</para> 366 380 </listitem> 367 381 368 382 <listitem> 369 <para>import existing image files from your hard drive into VirtualBox370 using the <emphasis role="bold">"Add"</emphasis> button;</para>371 </listitem> 372 373 <listitem> 374 <para><emphasis role="bold"> remove</emphasis> an image from the375 registr y (and optionally delete the image file when doing so);</para>376 </listitem> 377 378 <listitem> 379 <para><emphasis role="bold">" release"</emphasis> an image, that is,380 detach it from a virtual machine if it is currently attached to one as381 a virtual hard disk.</para>383 <para>importer des fichiers images existantes depuis votre disque dur 384 sur VirtualBox en utilisant le bouton <emphasis role="bold">"Ajouter"</emphasis> ;</para> 385 </listitem> 386 387 <listitem> 388 <para><emphasis role="bold">supprimer</emphasis> une image du 389 registre(et éventuellement effacer le fichier image en même temps) ;</para> 390 </listitem> 391 392 <listitem> 393 <para><emphasis role="bold">"libérer"</emphasis> une image, c'est-à-dire, 394 la détacher d'une machine virtuelle si elle y est actuellement attachée 395 comme un disque dur.</para> 382 396 </listitem> 383 397 </itemizedlist> 384 398 385 <para>We recommend that you maintain two special folders on your system 386 for keeping images: one for hard disk image files (which can, in the case 387 of dynamically expanding images, grow to considerable sizes), and one for 388 ISO files (which were probably downloaded from the Internet).</para> 389 390 <para>Hard disk image files can be copied onto other host systems and 391 imported into virtual machines there, although certain guest systems 392 (notably Windows 2000 and XP) will require that the new virtual machine be 393 set up in a similar way to the old one.<note> 394 <para>Do not simply make copies of virtual disk images. If you import 395 such a second copy into a virtual machine, VirtualBox will complain 396 with an error, since VirtualBox assigns a unique identifier (UUID) to 397 each disk image to make sure it is only used once. See <xref 398 linkend="cloningvdis" /> for instructions on this matter. Also, if you 399 want to copy a virtual machine to another system, VirtualBox has an 400 import/export facility that might be better suited for your needs; see 401 <xref linkend="ovf" />.</para> 399 <para>Nous vous recommandons de maintenir deux dossiers spéciaux sur votre 400 système pour conserver les images : un pour les fichiers images de disques 401 durs (qui peut, en cas d'images à extension dynamique, atteindre des tailles 402 considérables), et un pour les fichiers ISO (qui ont probablement été 403 téléchargées sur Internet).</para> 404 405 <para>Vous pouvez copier des fichiers images de disque dur sur d'autres 406 systèmes hôtes et les importer depuis des machines virtuelles, bien que 407 certains systèmes invités (surtout Windows 2000 et XP) exigeront que la 408 nouvelle machine virtuelle soit paramétrée de la même manière que l'ancienne. 409 .<note> 410 <para>Ne faites pas simplement des copies d'images de disques virtuels. 411 Si vous importer ainsi une seconde copie dans une machine virtuelle, 412 VirtualBox se plaindra avec une erreur, puisque VirtualBox attribue un 413 identifiant unique (UUID) à chaque image de disque pour être sûr qu'il 414 n'est utilisé qu'une seule fois. Voir le <xref linkend="cloningvdis" /> 415 pour des instructions à ce sujet. De même, si vous voulez copier une 416 machine virtuelle sur un autre système, VirtualBox a une fonction 417 d'importation/exportation qui pourrait mieux convenir à vos besoins ; 418 voir le <xref linkend="ovf" />.</para> 402 419 </note></para> 403 420 </sect1> 404 421 405 422 <sect1 id="hdimagewrites"> 406 <title> Special image write modes</title>407 408 <para> For each virtual disk image supported by VirtualBox, you can use409 special commands how write operations from the virtual machine should410 affect the image and how snapshots should affect it. This applies to all411 of the aforementioned image formats (VDI, VMDK, VHD or HDD) and412 irrespective of whether an image is fixed-size or dynamically413 expanding.</para>423 <title>Modes spéciaux d'écriture d'images</title> 424 425 <para>Pour chaque image de disque virtuel supportée par VirtualBox, vous 426 pouvez utiliser des commandes spéciales pour définir comment des opérations 427 d'écriture depuis la machine virtuelle devraient modifier l'image et comment 428 les instantanés devraient la modifier. Cela vaut pour tous les formats 429 d'images précités (VDI, VMDK, VHD ou HDD) et indépendamment du fait que 430 l'image soit de taille statique ou étendue de façon dynamique.</para> 414 431 415 432 <orderedlist> 416 433 <listitem> 417 <para>With <emphasis role="bold">normal images</emphasis> (the default 418 setting), there are no restrictions on how guests can read from and 419 write to the disk.</para> 420 421 <para>When you take a snapshot of your virtual machine as described in 422 <xref linkend="snapshots" />, the state of such a "normal hard disk" 423 will be recorded together with the snapshot, and when reverting to the 424 snapshot, its state will be fully reset.</para> 425 426 <para>(Technically, strictly speaking, the image file itself is not 427 "reset". Instead, when a snapshot is taken, VirtualBox "freezes" the 428 image file and no longer writes to it. For the write operations from 429 the VM, a second, "differencing" image file is created which receives 430 only the changes to the original image; see the next section for 431 details.)</para> 432 433 <para>While you can attach the same "normal" image to more than one 434 virtual machine, only one of these virtual machines attached to the 435 same image file can be executed simultaneously, as otherwise there 436 would be conflicts if several machines write to the same image 437 file.<footnote> 438 <para>This restriction is more lenient now than it was before 439 VirtualBox 2.2. Previously, each "normal" disk image could only be 440 <emphasis>attached</emphasis> to one single machine. Now it can be 441 attached to more than one machine so long as only one of these 442 machines is running.</para> 434 <para>Avec des <emphasis role="bold">images normales</emphasis> (le 435 réglage par défaut), il n'y a pas de restrictions sur la façon dont les 436 invités peuvent lire et écrire sur le disque.</para> 437 438 <para>Quand vous faites un instantané de votre machine virtuelle comme 439 décrit au <xref linkend="snapshots" />, l'état d'une telle image de 440 « disque dur normal » sera enregistrée avec le instantané, et quand vous 441 restaurerez le instantané, son état sera entièrement réinitialisé.</para> 442 443 <para>(pour être précis sur un plan technique, le fichier image n'est 444 pas « réinitialisé » en tant que tel. Par contre, quand on fait un 445 instantané, VirtualBox « gèle » le fichier image et n'écrit plus dessus. 446 Pour les opérations d'écriture depuis la VM, un second fichier image 447 « de différenciation » est créé qui ne reçoit que les modifications de 448 l'image d'origine ; voir la prochaine section pour des détails).</para> 449 450 <para>Si vous pouvez attacher la même image « normale » à plusieurs 451 machines virtuelles, une seule de ces machine virtuelle attachée au même 452 fichier image peut être lancée simultanément, sans quoi il y aurait un 453 conflit si plusieurs machines écrivaient sur le même fichier image.<footnote> 454 <para>Cette restriction est plus allégée maintenant qu'avec 455 VirtualBox 2.2. Auparavant, toute image de disque « normal » ne 456 pouvait être <emphasis>attachée</emphasis> qu'à une seule machine. 457 Maintenant, on peut à plus d'une machine, tant que seule une d'entre 458 elles est en fonction.</para> 443 459 </footnote></para> 444 460 </listitem> 445 461 446 462 <listitem> 447 <para>By contrast, <emphasis role="bold">write-through hard 448 disks</emphasis> are completely unaffected by snapshots: their state 449 is <emphasis>not</emphasis> saved when a snapshot is taken, and not 450 restored when a snapshot is restored.</para> 451 452 <para>To <emphasis>create</emphasis> a disk image in VDI format as 453 "write-through", use the <computeroutput>VBoxManage 454 createhd</computeroutput> command; see <xref 455 linkend="vboxmanage-createvdi" />. To mark an 456 <emphasis>existing</emphasis> image as write-through, use 457 <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyhd</computeroutput>; see <xref 463 <para>À l'inverse, les disques durs « write-through » ne sont pas du 464 tout concernés par les instantanés : leur état <emphasis>n'est pas</emphasis> 465 sauvegardé quand on crée un instantané, et il n'est pas restauré quand 466 on le restaure.</para> 467 468 <para>Pour <emphasis>créer</emphasis> une image de disque VDI en 469 « write-through », utilisez la commande <computeroutput>VBoxManage 470 createhd</computeroutput> ; voir le <xref 471 linkend="vboxmanage-createvdi" />. Pour marquer une image 472 <emphasis>existante</emphasis> 473 comme dynamique, utilisez la commande <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyhd</computeroutput> ; 474 voir <xref 458 475 linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvdi" />.</para> 459 476 </listitem> 460 477 461 478 <listitem> 462 <para><emphasis role="bold">Shareable hard disks</emphasis> are a 463 variant of write-through hard disks. In principle they behave exactly 464 the same, i.e. their state is <emphasis>not</emphasis> saved when a 465 snapshot is taken, and not restored when a snapshot is restored. The 466 difference only shows if you attach such disks to several VMs. 467 Shareable VMs may be attached to several VMs which may run 468 concurrently. This makes them suitable for use by cluster filesystems 469 between VMs and similar applications which are explicitly prepared to 470 access a disk concurrently. Only fixed size images can be used in this 471 way, and dynamically growing images are rejected.</para> 472 473 <para>This is an expert feature, and misuse can lead to data loss -- 474 regular filesystems are not prepared to handle simultaneous changes by 475 several parties.</para> 476 477 <para>To <emphasis>create</emphasis> a disk image in VDI format as 478 "shareable", use the <computeroutput>VBoxManage 479 createhd</computeroutput> command; see <xref 480 linkend="vboxmanage-createvdi" />. To mark an 481 <emphasis>existing</emphasis> image as shareable, use 482 <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyhd</computeroutput>; see <xref 479 <para><emphasis role="bold">Les disques durs partageables</emphasis> 480 sont une variante des disques durs « write-through ». En principe, ils se 481 comportent exactement de la même façon, c'est-à-dire que leur état 482 <emphasis>n'est pas</emphasis> sauvegardé quand on prend un instantané, 483 et il n'est pas restauré lors de la restauration d'un instantané. La 484 différence n'apparaît que si on attache de tels disques à plusieurs 485 VMs. Les VMs partageables peuvent être attachés à plusieurs VMs, 486 qui peuvent se lancer concommitamment. Elles sont ainsi convenables pour 487 être utilisées par des systèmes de fichiers cluster entre des VMs et 488 des applications identiques qui sont préparées explicitement pour accéder 489 concommitamment à un disque. Seules les images à taille fixe peuvent 490 être utilisées de cette manière, les images à taille dynamique sont 491 rejetées.</para> 492 493 <para>C'est une fonctionnalité avancée, une mauvaise utilisation peut 494 conduire à une perte de données -- les systèmes de fichiers réguliers 495 ne sont pas préparés pour gérer des modifications simultanes par plusieurs 496 éléments.</para> 497 498 <para>Pour <emphasis>créer</emphasis> une image de disque au format VDI 499 en tant que « partageable », utilisez la commande <computeroutput>VBoxManage 500 createhd</computeroutput> ; voir le <xref 501 linkend="vboxmanage-createvdi" />. Pour marquer une image 502 <emphasis>existante</emphasis> comme partageable, utilisez 503 <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyhd</computeroutput> ; voir <xref 483 504 linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvdi" />.</para> 484 505 </listitem> 485 506 486 507 <listitem> 487 <para>Finally, <emphasis role="bold">immutable images</emphasis> only 488 remember write accesses temporarily while the virtual machine is 489 running; all changes are lost when the virtual machine is powered on 490 the next time. As a result, as opposed to "normal" images, the same 491 immutable image can be used with several virtual machines without 492 restrictions.</para> 493 494 <para><emphasis>Creating</emphasis> an immutable image makes little 495 sense since it would be initially empty and lose its contents with 496 every machine restart (unless you really want to have a disk that is 497 always unformatted when the machine starts up). As a result, normally, 498 you would first create a "normal" image and then, when you deem its 499 contents useful, later mark it immutable using 500 <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyhd</computeroutput>; again, please 501 see <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvdi" />. Alternatively, open an 502 existing image in "immutable" mode using <computeroutput>VBoxManage 503 openmedium</computeroutput>; see <xref 504 linkend="vboxmanage-registerimage" />.</para> 505 506 <para>If you take a snapshot of a machine with immutable images, then 507 on every machine power-up, those images are reset to the state of the 508 last (current) snapshot (instead of the state of the original 509 immutable image).</para> 508 <para>Enfin, les images immuables ne se souviennent des accès en écriture 509 que de façon temporaire pendant que la machine virtuelle est en fonction 510 ; toutes les modifications sont perdues quand la machine virtuelle est 511 rallumée la fois suivante. Il en résulte que, contrairement aux images 512 « normal », la même image immuable peut être utilisée avec plusieurs 513 machines virtuelles sans restrictions.</para> 514 515 <para><emphasis>Créer</emphasis> une image immuable n'a pas beaucoup de 516 sens puisqu'elle serait vide au départ et perdrait son contenu à chaque 517 redémarrage de la machine (sauf si vous voulez vraiment avoir un disque 518 non formaté quand la machine démarre). Il en résulte que normalement, 519 vous créeriez d'abord une image « normal », puis lorsque vous considérez 520 que son contenu est utile, vous la marqueriez plus tard comme immuable 521 en utilisant <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyhd</computeroutput> ; 522 merci de voir de nouveau le <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvdi" />. 523 Sinon, ouvrez une image existante en mode « immuable » en utilisant 524 <computeroutput>VBoxManage openmedium</computeroutput>.</para> 525 526 <para>Si vous faites un instantané d'une machine avec des images immuables, 527 à chaque arrêt de la machine, ces images seront réinitialisées à l'état 528 du dernier (l'actuel) instantané (et pas à l'état de l'image immuable 529 d'origine).</para> 510 530 511 531 <note> 512 <para>As a special exception, immutable images are 513 <emphasis>not</emphasis> reset if they are attached to a machine 514 whose last snapshot was taken while the machine was running (a 515 so-called "online" snapshot). As a result, if the machine's current 516 snapshot is such an "online" snapshot, its immutable images behave 517 exactly like the "normal" images described previously. To re-enable 518 the automatic resetting of such images, delete the current snapshot 519 of the machine.</para> 532 <para>En guise d'exception spéciale, les images immuables <emphasis>ne 533 sont pas</emphasis> réinitialisées si elles sont attachées à une 534 machine dont on a fait le dernier instantané alors que la machine 535 était en fonction (ce que l'on appelle un instantané « en ligne »). Il 536 en résulte que si le instantané actuel de la machine est comme un 537 instantané « en ligne », ses images immuables se comportent exactement 538 comme les images normales décrites précédemment. Pour réactiver la 539 réinitialisation automatique de telles images, effacez le instantané 540 actuel de la machine.</para> 520 541 </note> 521 542 522 <para>Again, technically, VirtualBox never writes to an immutable 523 image directly at all. All write operations from the machine will be 524 directed to a differencing image; the next time the VM is powered on, 525 the differencing image is reset so that every time the VM starts, its 526 immutable images have exactly the same content.<footnote> 527 <para>This behavior also changed with VirtualBox 2.2. Previously, 528 the differencing images were discarded when the machine session 529 <emphasis>ended</emphasis>; now they are discarded every time the 530 machine is powered on.</para> 531 </footnote> The differencing image is only reset when the machine is 532 powered on from within VirtualBox, not when you reboot by requesting a 533 reboot from within the machine. This is also why immutable images 534 behave as described above when snapshots are also present, which use 535 differencing images as well.</para> 536 537 <para>If the automatic discarding of the differencing image on VM 538 startup does not fit your needs, you can turn it off using the 539 <computeroutput>autoreset</computeroutput> parameter of 540 <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyhd</computeroutput>; see <xref 541 linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvdi" /> for details.</para> 543 <para>À nouveau, techniquement, VirtualBox n'écrit jamais directement 544 sur une image immuable. Toutes les opérations d'écriture depuis la 545 machine seront redirigées vers une image de différenciation ; la 546 prochaine fois que la VM sera allumée, l'image de différenciation est 547 réinitialisée de sorte que chaque fois que la VM démarre, ses images 548 immuables ont exactement le même contenu.<footnote> 549 <para>Ce comportement a aussi changé avec VirtualBox 2.2. Auparavant, 550 les images de différenciation étaient désactivées quand la session 551 de la machine <emphasis>se terminait</emphasis> ; maintenant, elles 552 sont désactivées à chaque fois que la machine est allumée.</para> 553 </footnote> L'image de différenciation n'est réinitialisée que lorsque 554 la machine est allumée depuis l'intérieur de VirtualBox, pas quand 555 vous redémarrez en demandant un redémarrage depuis la machine. C'est 556 aussi pourquoi les images immuables se comportent comme décrit 557 ci-dessus quand les instantanés sont également présents, ce qui utilise 558 des images de différenciation.</para> 559 560 <para>Si la non prise en compte automatique des images de différenciation 561 au démarrage de la VM ne correspond pas à vos besoins, vous pouvez la 562 désactiver en utilisant le paramètre <computeroutput>autoreset</computeroutput> 563 de <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyhd</computeroutput> ; voir le <xref 564 linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvdi" /> pour des détails.</para> 542 565 </listitem> 543 566 </orderedlist> 544 567 545 <para>To illustrate the differences between the various types with respect 546 to snapshots: Assume you have installed your guest operating system in 547 your VM, and you have taken a snapshot. Imagine you have accidentally 548 infected your VM with a virus and would like to go back to the snapshot. 549 With a normal hard disk image, you simply restore the snapshot, and the 550 earlier state of your hard disk image will be restored as well (and your 551 virus infection will be undone). With an immutable hard disk, all it takes 552 is to shut down and power on your VM, and the virus infection will be 553 discarded. With a write-through image however, you cannot easily undo the 554 virus infection by means of virtualization, but will have to disinfect 555 your virtual machine like a real computer.</para> 556 557 <para>Still, you might find write-through images useful if you want to 558 preserve critical data irrespective of snapshots, and since you can attach 559 more than one image to a VM, you may want to have one immutable for the 560 operating system and one write-through for your data files.</para> 568 <para>Pour illustrer les variations entre les divers types du point de vue 569 des instantanés : Supposons que vous ayez installé votre système 570 d'exploitation invité dans votre VM et que vous ayez fait un instantané. 571 Imaginons que vous ayez infecté par accident votre VM avec un virus et que 572 vous aimeriez revenir au instantané. Avec une image de disque dur normale, 573 vous restaurez simplement le instantané et l'état précédent de l'image de 574 votre disque dur sera restaurée (et votre infection par un virus sera annulée). 575 Avec un disque dur immuable, tout ce qu'il y a à faire est d'éteindre et 576 d'allumer votre VM, et l'infection par le virus sera désactivée. Néanmoins, 577 avec une image de disque write-through, vous ne pouvez pas facilement annuler 578 l'infection par le virus via la virtualisation, mais vous devrez désinfecter 579 votre machine virtuelle comme un vrai ordinateur.</para> 580 581 <para>Vous pourriez encore toujours trouver les images write-though utiles 582 si vous voulez préserver des données critiques indépendamment des instantanés, 583 et comme vous pouvez attacher plus d'une image à une VM, il se peut que vous 584 vouliez avoir une immuable pour le système d'exploitation et une 585 write-through pour vos fichiers de données.</para> 561 586 </sect1> 562 587 563 588 <sect1 id="diffimages"> 564 <title>Differencing images</title> 565 566 <para>The previous section hinted at differencing images and how they are 567 used with snapshots, immutable images and multiple disk attachments. For 568 the inquisitive VirtualBox user, this section describes in more detail how 569 they work.</para> 570 571 <para>A differencing image is a special disk image that only holds the 572 differences to another image. A differencing image by itself is useless, 573 it must always refer to another image. The differencing image is then 574 typically referred to as a "child", which holds the differences to its 575 "parent".</para> 576 577 <para>When a differencing image is active, it receives all write 578 operations from the virtual machine instead of its parent. The 579 differencing image only contains the sectors of the virtual hard disk that 580 have changed since the differencing image was created. When the machine 581 reads a sector from such a virtual hard disk, it looks into the 582 differencing image first. If the sector is present, it is returned from 583 there; if not, VirtualBox looks into the parent. In other words, the 584 parent becomes "read-only"; it is never written to again, but it is read 585 from if a sector has not changed.</para> 586 587 <para>Differencing images can be chained. If another differencing image is 588 created for a virtual disk that already has a differencing image, then it 589 becomes a "grandchild" of the original parent. The first differencing 590 image then becomes read-only as well, and write operations only go to the 591 second-level differencing image. When reading from the virtual disk, 592 VirtualBox needs to look into the second differencing image first, then 593 into the first if the sector was not found, and then into the original 594 image.</para> 595 596 <para>There can be an unlimited number of differencing images, and each 597 image can have more than one child. As a result, the differencing images 598 can form a complex tree with parents, "siblings" and children, depending 599 on how complex your machine configuration is. Write operations always go 600 to the one "active" differencing image that is attached to the machine, 601 and for read operations, VirtualBox may need to look up all the parents in 602 the chain until the sector in question is found. You can look at such a 603 tree in the Virtual Media Manager:<mediaobject> 589 <title>Images de différenciation</title> 590 591 <para>La section précédente traitait des images de différenciation et de la 592 façon dont elles sont utilisées avec les instantanés, les images immuables 593 et les attachements de plusieurs disques. Pour l'utilisateur de VirtualBox 594 curieux, cette section décrit avec davantage de détails comment elles 595 fonctionnent.</para> 596 597 <para>Une image de différenciation est une image de disque spéciale qui ne 598 conserve que les différences avec une autre image. Elle est en soi inutile, 599 elle doit toujours se référer à une autre image. L'image de différenciation 600 est alors vue en général comme une « fille » qui conserve les différences 601 par rapport à son « parent ».</para> 602 603 <para>Quand une image de différenciation est active, elle reçoit toutes les 604 opérations d'écriture depuis la machine virtuelle à la place de son parent. 605 L'image de différenciation ne contient que les secteurs du disque virtuel 606 qui a changé depuis que l'image de différenciation a été créée. Quand la 607 machine lit un secteur depuis un tel disque dur virtuel, il regarde d'abord 608 dans l'image de différenciation. Si le secteur est présent, il est retourné 609 depuis celui-ci ; sinon VirtualBox regarde dans le parent. En d'autres 610 termes, le parent devient en « lecture seule » ; on n'y écrit plus, mais on 611 lit à partir de celui ci si un secteur n'a pas changé.</para> 612 613 <para>Les images de différenciation peuvent être chaînées. Si vous créez une 614 autre image de différenciation pour un disque virtuel qui a déjà une image 615 de différenciation, elle devient un « petit-fils » du parent d'origine. La 616 première image de différenciation devient alors en lecture seule, et les 617 opérations d'écriture ne vont que sur l'image de différenciation de second 618 niveau. Lors de la lecture à partir du disque virtuel, VirtualBox doit 619 d'abord regarder d'abord dans la deuxième image de différenciation, puis 620 dans la première si le secteur n'a pas été trouvé puis dans l'image d'origine.</para> 621 622 <para>Il peut y avoir un nombre illimité d'images de différenciation et 623 chaque image peut avoir plus d'un enfant. Il en résulte que les images de 624 différenciation peuvent constituer une arborescence complexe avec des parents, 625 des « frères » et des enfants selon la complexité de la configuration de 626 votre machine. Les opérations d'écriture vont toujours sur l'image de 627 différenciation « active » attachée à la machine, et pour des opérations de 628 lecture, il se peut que VirtualBox ait besoin de de regarder dans presque 629 tous les parents de la chaîne jusqu'à ce qu'il trouve le secteur en question. 630 Vous pouvez regarder une telle arborescence dans le gestionnaire de médias 631 virtuels :<mediaobject> 604 632 <imageobject> 605 <imagedata align="center" fileref=" images/virtual-disk-manager2.png"633 <imagedata align="center" fileref="../en_US/images/virtual-disk-manager2.png" 606 634 width="10cm" /> 607 635 </imageobject> 608 636 </mediaobject></para> 609 637 610 <para>In all of these situations, from the point of view of the virtual 611 machine, the virtual hard disk behaves like any other disk. While the 612 virtual machine is running, there is a slight run-time I/O overhead 613 because VirtualBox might need to look up sectors several times. This is 614 not noticeable however since the tables with sector information are always 615 kept in memory and can be looked up quickly.</para> 616 617 <para>Differencing images are used in the following 618 situations:<orderedlist> 619 <listitem> 620 <para><emphasis role="bold">Snapshots.</emphasis> When you create a 621 snapshot, as explained in the previous section, VirtualBox "freezes" 622 the images attached to the virtual machine and creates differencing 623 images for each of them (to be precise: one for each image that is 624 not in "write-through" mode). From the point of view of the virtual 625 machine, the virtual disks continue to operate before, but all write 626 operations go into the differencing images. Each time you create 627 another snapshot, for each hard disk attachment, another 628 differencing image is created and attached, forming a chain or 629 tree.</para> 630 631 <para>In the above screenshot, you see that the original disk image 632 is now attached to a snapshot, representing the state of the disk 633 when the snapshot was taken.</para> 634 635 <para>If you now <emphasis role="bold">restore</emphasis> a snapshot 636 -- that is, if you want to go back to the exact machine state that 637 was stored in the snapshot --, the following happens:<orderedlist> 638 <para>Dans toutes ces situations, du point de vue de la machine virtuelle, 639 le disque dur virtuel se comporte comme n'importe quel autre disque. Pendant 640 que la machine virtuelle est en fonction, il y a une légere surcharge d'E/S 641 en cours d'exécution car il se peut que VirtualBox doive regarder des 642 secteurs plusieurs fois. Cela n'est cependant pas observable puisque les 643 tables avec des informations de secteurs sont toujours conservées en mémoire 644 et peuvent être inspectées rapidement.</para> 645 646 <para>Les images de différenciation sont utilisées dans les situations 647 suivantes :<orderedlist> 648 <listitem> 649 <para><emphasis role="bold">Les instantanés.</emphasis> Quand vous 650 créez un instantané, comme expliqué dans la section précédente, 651 VirtualBox « gèle » les images attachées à la machine virtuelle et 652 crée des images de différenciation pour chacune d'elles (pour être 653 précis, une pour chaque image non en mode « write-through »). Du point 654 de vue de la machine virtuelle, les disques virtuels continuent d'agir 655 comme avant mais toutes les opérations d'écriture vont sur les images 656 de différenciation. Chaque fois que vous créez un autre instantané, 657 pour chaque attachement de disque dur, une autre image de différenciation 658 est créée et attachée, constituant une chaîne ou une arborescence.</para> 659 660 <para>Dans la capture d'écran ci-dessus, vous voyez que l'image de 661 disque d'origine est maintenant attachée à un instantané, 662 représentant l'état du disque quand le instantané a été fait.</para> 663 664 <para>Si vous <emphasis role="bold">restaurez</emphasis> maintenant un 665 instantané - c'est-à-dire si vous voulez revenir à l'état exact de la 666 machine qui a été stocké dans le instantané -, ce qui suit se produit :<orderedlist> 638 667 <listitem> 639 <para>VirtualBox copies the virtual machine settings that were 640 copied into the snapshot back to the virtual machine. As a 641 result, if you have made changes to the machine configuration 642 since taking the snapshot, they are undone.</para> 668 <para>VirtualBox copie les paramètres de la 669 machine virtuelle qui ont été copiés dans le instantané vers la 670 machine virtuelle. Il en résulte que si vous avez fait des 671 changements sur la configuration de la machine depuis que vous 672 avez fait le instantané, elles sont annulées.</para> 643 673 </listitem> 644 674 645 675 <listitem> 646 <para> If the snapshot was taken while the machine was running,647 it contains a saved machine state, and that state is restored648 as well; after restoring the snapshot, the machine will then649 be in "Saved" state and resume execution from there when it is650 next started. Otherwise the machine will be in "Powered Off"651 state and do a full boot.</para>676 <para>Si l'instantané a été pris alors que la machine était en 677 fonction, son contenu a un état de machine sauvegardé et cet 678 état est restauré ; après la restauration du instantané, la 679 machine sera alors en état « sauvegardée » et reprendra 680 l'exécution là où se trouve le démarrage suivant. Sinon la 681 machine sera dans l'état « Coupée » et fera un démarrage complet.</para> 652 682 </listitem> 653 683 654 684 <listitem> 655 <para> For each disk image attached to the machine, the656 d ifferencing image holding all the write operations since the657 current snapshot was taken is thrown away, and the original658 parent image is made active again. (If you restored the "root"659 snapshot, then this will be the root disk image for each660 attachment; otherwise, some other differencing image descended661 from it.) This effectively restores the old machine662 state.</para>685 <para>Pour chaque image de disque attachée à la machine, l'image 686 de différenciation qui conserve toutes les opérations d'écriture 687 depuis que le instantané actuel a été pris est projetée et 688 l'image parente d'origine est à nouveau activée. (Si vous avez 689 restauré le instantané « racine », elle sera l'image de disque 690 racine de chaque élément attaché ; sinon une autre image de 691 différenciation proviennent d'elle.) Ceci restaure en fait 692 l'ancien état de la machine.</para> 663 693 </listitem> 664 694 </orderedlist></para> 665 695 666 <para>If you later <emphasis role="bold">delete</emphasis> a 667 snapshot in order to free disk space, for each disk attachment, one 668 of the differencing images becomes obsolete. In this case, the 669 differencing image of the disk attachment cannot simply be deleted. 670 Instead, VirtualBox needs to look at each sector of the differencing 671 image and needs to copy it back into its parent; this is called 672 "merging" images and can be a potentially lengthy process, depending 673 on how large the differencing image is. It can also temporarily need 674 a considerable amount of extra disk space, before the differencing 675 image obsoleted by the merge operation is deleted.</para> 676 </listitem> 677 678 <listitem> 679 <para><emphasis role="bold">Immutable images.</emphasis> When an 680 image is switched to "immutable" mode, a differencing image is 681 created as well. As with snapshots, the parent image then becomes 682 read-only, and the differencing image receives all the write 683 operations. Every time the virtual machine is started, all the 684 immutable images which are attached to it have their respective 685 differencing image thrown away, effectively resetting the virtual 686 machine's virtual disk with every restart.</para> 696 <para>Si vous <emphasis role="bold">effacez</emphasis> ultérieurement 697 un instantané pour libérer de l'espace disque, pour chaque attachement 698 de disque, une des images de différenciation devient obsolète. Dans ce 699 cas, l'image de différenciation de l'attachement du disque ne peut pas 700 être simplement effacée. VirtualBox doit au contraire regarder chaque 701 secteur de l'image de différenciation et doit le copier vers son parent 702 ; cela s'appelle du « merging » d'image et peut être un processus 703 potentiellement long selon la taille 704 de l'image de différenciation. Il peut aussi nécessiter temporairement 705 une quantité de d'espace disque supplémentaire substantielle, avant 706 que l'image de différenciation devenue obsolète avec l'opération de 707 merging ne seit effacée.</para> 708 </listitem> 709 710 <listitem> 711 <para><emphasis role="bold">Images immuables.</emphasis> Quand on 712 bascule une image en mode « immuable », une image de différenciation 713 est créée. Comme avec les instantanés, l'image parent devient alors en 714 lecture seule et l'image de différenciation reçoit toutes les opérations 715 d'écriture. Chaque fois qu'on démarre la machine virtuelle, toutes les 716 images immuables qui y sont attachées ont leur propre image de 717 différenciation qui apparaît, réinitialisant effectivement le disque 718 virtuel de la machine virtuelle à chaque redémarrage.</para> 687 719 </listitem> 688 720 </orderedlist></para> … … 690 722 691 723 <sect1 id="cloningvdis"> 692 <title>Cloning disk images</title> 693 694 <para>You can duplicate hard disk image files on the same host to quickly 695 produce a second virtual machine with the same operating system setup. 696 However, you should <emphasis>only</emphasis> make copies of virtual disk 697 images using the utility supplied with VirtualBox; see <xref 698 linkend="vboxmanage-clonevdi" />. This is because VirtualBox assigns a 699 unique identity number (UUID) to each disk image, which is also stored 700 inside the image, and VirtualBox will refuse to work with two images that 701 use the same number. If you do accidentally try to reimport a disk image 702 which you copied normally, you can make a second copy using VirtualBox's 703 utility and import that instead.</para> 704 705 <para>Note that newer Linux distributions identify the boot hard disk from 706 the ID of the drive. The ID VirtualBox reports for a drive is determined 707 from the UUID of the virtual disk image. So if you clone a disk image and 708 try to boot the copied image the guest might not be able to determine its 709 own boot disk as the UUID changed. In this case you have to adapt the disk 710 ID in your boot loader script (for example 711 <computeroutput>/boot/grub/menu.lst</computeroutput>). The disk ID looks 712 like this:<screen>scsi-SATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB5cfdb1e2-c251e503</screen></para> 713 714 <para>The ID for the copied image can be determined with <screen>hdparm -i /dev/sda</screen></para> 724 <title>Cloner des images de disque</title> 725 726 <para>Vous pouvez dupliquer des fichiers images de disque dur sur le même 727 hôte pour rapidement créer une seconde machine virtuelle avec le même 728 paramétrage de système d'exploitation. Cependant, <emphasis>vous ne devriez 729 faire de copies d'images de disques durs virtuels qu'en utilisant</emphasis> 730 l'outil fourni avec VirtualBox ; voir le <xref linkend="vboxmanage-clonevdi" />. 731 Car VirtualBox donne un un numéro d'identité unique (UUID) à chaque image de 732 disque, qui est également stocké dans l'image, et VirtualBox refusera de 733 fonctionner avec deux images qui utilisent le même numéro Si vous essayez 734 accidentellement de réimporter une image de disque que vous avez copiée 735 normalement, vous pouvez faire une deuxième copie en utilisant l'outil de 736 VirtualBox et l'importer à la place.</para> 737 738 <para>Remarquez que les distributions Linux récentes identifient le disque 739 d'amorçage à partir de l'ID du disque. Les signalements de l'ID VirtualBox 740 sont déterminés à partir de l'UUID de l'image du disque virtuel. Donc si 741 vous clonez une image de disque et si vous essayez de démarrer sur l'image 742 copiée, il se pourrait que l'invité ne puisse pas déterminer son propre 743 disque d'amorçage vu que l'UUID a changé. Dans ce cas, vous devez adapter 744 l'ID du disque dans votre script de chargeur de démarrage (par exemple 745 <computeroutput>/boot/grub/menu.lst</computeroutput>). L'ID du disque 746 ressemble à ceci : <screen>scsi-SATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB5cfdb1e2-c251e503</screen></para> 747 748 <para>Vous pouvez déterminer l'ID de l'image copiée avec <screen>hdparm -i /dev/sda</screen></para> 715 749 </sect1> 716 750 717 751 <sect1 id="iocaching"> 718 <title>Disk images and I/O caching</title> 719 720 <para>VirtualBox can optionally disable the I/O caching that the host 721 operating system would otherwise perform on disk image files.</para> 722 723 <para>Traditionally, VirtualBox has opened disk image files as normal 724 files, which results in them being cached by the host operating system 725 like any other file. The main advantage of this is speed: when the guest 726 OS writes to disk and the host OS cache uses delayed writing, the write 727 operation can be reported as completed to the guest OS quickly while the 728 host OS can perform the operation asynchronously. Also, when you start a 729 VM a second time and have enough memory available for the OS to use for 730 caching, large parts of the virtual disk may be in system memory, and the 731 VM can access the data much faster.</para> 732 733 <para>Note that this applies only to image files; buffering never occured 734 virtual disks residing on remote iSCSI storage, which is the more common 735 scenario in enterprise-class setups (see <xref 752 <title>Images de disque et mise en cache E/S</title> 753 754 <para>VirtualBox peut éventuellement désactiver la mise en cache E/S 755 qu'effectuerait sinon le système d'exploitation hôte sur les fichiers images 756 de disque.</para> 757 758 <para>Traditionnellement, VirtualBox ouvre les fichiers images de disque 759 comme des normaux, ce qui fait qu'ils sont mis en cache par le système 760 d'exploitation hôte, comme n'importe quel autre fichier. Le principal 761 avantage de ceci est la vitesse : quand l'OS invité écrit sur le disque et 762 lorsque le cache de l'OS hôte utilise l'écriture différée, l'opération 763 d'écriture peut être reportée tout en étant effectuée rapidement sur l'OS 764 invité, tandis que l'hôte peut effectuer l'opération de façon non 765 synchronisée. En outre, quand vous démarrez une VM une deuxième fois et si 766 vous avez assez de mémoire disponible pour que l'OS l'utilise pour la mise 767 en cache, il se peut que de grandes parties du disque virtuel restent dans 768 la mémoire du système, la VM peut accéder aux données beaucoup plus rapidement.</para> 769 770 <para>Remarquez que cela ne s'applique que sur des fichiers images ; la mise 771 en tampon n'affecte jamais les disques virtuels résidant sur des supports de 772 stockage iSCSI distants, ce qui est le scénario le plus courant sur des 773 configurations d'entreprise. (voir <xref 736 774 linkend="storage-iscsi" />).</para> 737 775 738 <para>While buffering is a useful default setting for virtualizating a few 739 machines on a desktop computer, there are some disadvantages to this 740 approach:<orderedlist> 741 <listitem> 742 <para>Delayed writing through the host OS cache is less secure. When 743 the guest OS writes data, it considers the data written even though 744 it has not yet arrived on a physical disk. If for some reason the 745 write does not happen (power failure, host crash), the likelihood of 746 data loss increases.</para> 747 </listitem> 748 749 <listitem> 750 <para>Disk image files tend to be very large. Caching them can 751 therefore quickly use up the entire host OS cache. Depending on the 752 efficiency of the host OS caching, this may slow down the host 753 immensely, especially if several VMs run at the same time. For 754 example, on Linux hosts, host caching may result in Linux delaying 755 all writes until the host cache is nearly full and then writing out 756 all these changes at once, possibly stalling VM execution for 757 minutes. This can result in I/O errors in the guest as I/O requests 758 time out there.</para> 759 </listitem> 760 761 <listitem> 762 <para>Physical memory is often wasted as guest operating systems 763 typically have their own I/O caches, which may result in the data 764 being cached twice (in both the guest and the host caches) for 765 little effect.</para> 776 <para>Si la mise en tampon est un paramètre par défaut utile pour virtualiser 777 quelques machines sur un ordinateur de bureau, cette approche comporte 778 certains inconvénients :<orderedlist> 779 <listitem> 780 <para>L'écriture différée à travers le cache de l'OS hôte est moins 781 sécurisée. Quand l'OS invité écrit des données, il considère qu'elles 782 sont écrites même si elles ne sont pas encore arrivé sur un disque 783 physique. Si pour une raison quelconque l'écriture ne se produit pas 784 (panne de courant, plantage de l'hôte), les chances de perdre des 785 données sont accrues.</para> 786 </listitem> 787 788 <listitem> 789 <para>Les fichiers images de disque ont tendance à être très gros. Les 790 mettre en cache peut donc rapidement utiliser jusqu'à l'ensemble du 791 cache de l'OS hôte. Selon l'efficacité de la mise en cache de l'OS 792 hôte, cela peut ralentir énormément l'hôte, surtout si plusieurs VMs 793 fonctionnent en même temps. Par exemple, sur des hôtes Linux, il peut 794 résulter de la mise en cache de l'hôte que Linux diffère toutes les 795 écritures jusqu'à ce que le cache de l'hôte soit presque plein, alors 796 l'écriture de tous ces changements en une seule fois peut éventuellement 797 figer l'exécution de la VM pendant quelques minutes. Il peut s'en 798 suivre des erreurs E/S dans l'invité du fait du timeout de requête des 799 E/S sur ceux-ci.</para> 800 </listitem> 801 802 <listitem> 803 <para>La mémoire physique est souvent gaspillée vu que les systèmes 804 d'exploitation invités ont leurs propres caches E/S, ce qui peut 805 aboutir à ce que les données soient mises en cache deux fois (à la 806 fois dans les caches de l'invité et de l'hôte) pour un résultat limité.</para> 766 807 </listitem> 767 808 </orderedlist></para> 768 809 769 <para>As a result, starting with version 3.2, VirtualBox allows you to 770 optionally disable host I/O caching of disk image files. In that case, 771 VirtualBox uses its own small cache to buffer writes, but there is no read 772 caching since this is already performed by the guest OS. In addition, 773 VirtualBox fully supports asynchronous I/O for its virtual SATA, SCSI and 774 SAS controllers through multiple I/O threads.</para> 775 776 <para>Since asynchronous I/O is not supported by IDE controllers, for 777 performance reasons, you may want to leave host caching enabled for your 778 VM's virtual IDE controllers.</para> 779 780 <para>For this reason, VirtualBox allows you to configure whether the host 781 I/O cache is used for each I/O controller separately. Either uncheck the 782 "Use host I/O cache" box in the "Storage" settings for a given virtual 783 storage controller, or use the following VBoxManage command to disable the 784 host I/O cache for a virtual storage controller:<screen>VBoxManage storagectl <vm> --name <controllername> --hostiocache off</screen></para> 785 786 <para>See <xref linkend="vboxmanage-storagectl" /> for details.</para> 787 788 <para>For the above reasons also, VirtualBox now uses SATA controllers by 789 default for new virtual machines.</para> 810 <para>Il s'en suit que, à partir de la version 3.2, VirtualBox vous permet 811 éventuellement de désactiver la mise en cache E/S de l'hôte des fichiers 812 images de disque. Dans ce cas, VirtualBox utilise son propre petit cache 813 pour mettre les écritures en tampon, mais il n'y a pas de mise en cache de 814 lecture puisque ceci est déjà fait par l'OS invité. En outre, VirtualBox 815 supporte complètement l'E/S asynchrone pour ses contrôleurs virtuels SATA, 816 SCSI et SAS à travers divers fils d'E/S.</para> 817 818 <para>Comme l'E/S asynchrone n'est pas supportée par les contrôleurs IDE, 819 pour des raisons de performance, il se peut que vous souhaitiez laisser la 820 mise en cache activée pour les contrôleurs IDE virtuels de votre VM.</para> 821 822 <para>C'est pourquoi VirtualBox vous permet de configurer si le cache E/S de 823 l'hôte est utilisé pour chaque contrôleur E/S séparément. Soit décochez la 824 case « Utiliser le cache E/S de l'hôte » des paramètres « Stockage » pour un 825 contrôleur de stockage virtuel donné, soit utilisez la commande VBoxManage 826 suivante pour désactiver le cache E/S de l'hôte pour un contrôleur de 827 stockage virtuel :<screen>VBoxManage storagectl <vm> --name <nomcontrôleur> --hostiocache off</screen></para> 828 829 <para>Voir <xref linkend="vboxmanage-storagectl" /> pour des détails.</para> 830 831 832 <para>De même, pour les raisons évoquées ci-dessus, VirtualBox utilise 833 maintenant par défaut des contrôleurs SATA pour les nouvelles machines 834 virtuelles.</para> 790 835 791 836 <note> 792 <para>Disabling the host I/O caches will currently yield poor 793 performance with VHD and sparse VMDK files. See <xref 794 linkend="KnownIssues" /> for details.</para> 837 <para>La désactivation des caches E/S de l'hôte donnera de faibles performances actuellement avec les fichiers VHD et sparse VMDK. Voir le <xref linkend="KnownIssues" /> pour les détails.</para> 795 838 </note> 796 839 </sect1> 797 840 841 <sect1 id="storage-bandwidth-limit"> 842 <title>Limiting bandwidth for disk images</title> 843 844 <para>Starting with version 4.0, VirtualBox allows for limiting the 845 maximum bandwidth used for asynchronous I/O. Additionally it supports 846 sharing limits through bandwidth groups for several images. It is possible 847 to have more than one such limit.</para> 848 849 <para>Limits are configured through 850 <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput>. The example below creates a 851 bandwidth group named "Limit", sets the limit to 20 MB/s and assigns the 852 group to the attached disks of the VM:<screen>VBoxManage bandwidthctl "VM name" --name Limit --add disk --limit 20 853 VBoxManage storageattach "VM name" --controller "SATA" --port 0 --device 0 --type hdd 854 --medium disk1.vdi --bandwidthgroup Limit 855 VBoxManage storageattach "VM name" --controller "SATA" --port 1 --device 0 --type hdd 856 --medium disk2.vdi --bandwidthgroup Limit</screen></para> 857 858 <para>All disks in a group share the bandwidth limit, meaning that in the 859 example above the bandwidth of both images combined can never exceed 20 860 MB/s. However if one disk doesn't require bandwidth the other can use the 861 remaining bandwidth of its group.</para> 862 863 <para>The limits for each group can be changed while the VM is running, 864 with changes being picked up immediately. The example below changes the 865 limit for the group created in the example above to 10 MB/s:<screen>VBoxManage bandwidthctl "VM name" --name Limit --limit 10</screen></para> 866 </sect1> 867 798 868 <sect1 id="storage-cds"> 799 <title>CD/DVD drive operation</title> 800 801 <para>The virtual CD/DVD drive(s) by default support only reading. The 802 medium configuration is changeable at runtime. You can select between 803 three options to provide the medium data:<itemizedlist> 804 <listitem> 805 <para><emphasis role="bold">Host Drive</emphasis> defines that the 806 guest can read from the medium in the host drive. Medium changes of 807 the host drives are signalled to the guest.</para> 808 </listitem> 809 810 <listitem> 811 <para><emphasis role="bold">Image file</emphasis> gives the guest 812 read-only access to the image data (often referred to as ISO image). 813 A medium change is signalled when switching to a different image or 814 selecting another option.</para> 815 </listitem> 816 817 <listitem> 818 <para><emphasis role="bold">Empty</emphasis> stands for a drive 819 without an inserted medium. The drive responds as usual to this 820 situation, however no data can be read.</para> 869 <title>Opération sur le lecteur de CD/DVD</title> 870 871 <para>Le(s) lecteur(s) de CD/DVD par défaut ne supporte(nt) que la lecture. 872 La configuration du média peut être modifiée au moment de l'exécution. Vous 873 pouvez choisir entre trois options pour fournir les données au média :<itemizedlist> 874 <listitem> 875 <para><emphasis role="bold">Lecteur hôte</emphasis> définit que 876 l'invité peut lire depuis le média dans le lecteur hôte. Les changements 877 de média des lecteurs hôtes sont signalés à l'invité.</para> 878 </listitem> 879 880 <listitem> 881 <para>Le <emphasis role="bold">fichier image</emphasis> donne à 882 l'invité l'accès en lecture seule aux données de l'image (souvent 883 mentionnée comme image ISO). Un changement de média est signalé lors 884 du basculement vers une image différente ou de la sélection d'une autre 885 option.</para> 886 </listitem> 887 888 <listitem> 889 <para><emphasis role="bold">EVide</emphasis> est pour un lecteur sans 890 média inséré. Le lecteur répond comme d'habitude à la situation, mais 891 aucune donnée ne peut être lue.</para> 821 892 </listitem> 822 893 </itemizedlist></para> 823 894 824 <para>As mentioned, the medium change signalling depends on the selected 825 option for the medium. Medium changes can be prevented by the guest, and 826 VirtualBox reflects that by locking the host drive if appropriate. You can 827 force a medium removal in such situation via the VirtualBox GUI or the 828 VBoxManage command line tool. Effectively this is the equivalent of the 829 emergency eject which many CD/DVD drives provide, with all associated side 830 effects. The guest OS can issue error messages in this case, just like on 831 real hardware. Use with caution.</para> 832 833 <para>In any case, only data media is supported for CD/DVD drives. This 834 means that all data CD formats and all DVD formats can be used in 835 principle. Since host DVD drives refuse to read encrypted DVD video media, 836 you cannot play such videos with the regular CD/DVD drive emulation. You 837 may be able to get it working with the experimental passthrough support 838 described in <xref linkend="storage-write-cds" />.</para> 839 840 <para>Audio CD and video CD formats are not supported, which means you 841 cannot play such media from a virtual machine.</para> 895 <para>Comme déjà mentionné, les signalements de changements de média dépendent 896 des options sélectionnées pour le média. Les changements de média peuvent 897 être empêchés par l'invité et VirtualBox le répercute en verrouillant le 898 lecteur hôte si nécessaire. Vous pouvez forcer la suppression d'un média 899 dans une telle situation par l'interface graphique de VirtualBox ou l'outil 900 en ligne de commande VBoxManage. En fait, cela revient à une éjection 901 d'urgence fournie par beaucoup de lecteurs CD/DVD avec tous les effets 902 colatéraux associés. L'OS invité peut renvoyer des messages d'erreur dans 903 ce cas, comme sur du vrai matériel. Utilisez ceci avec prudence.</para> 904 905 <para>Dans tous les cas, seuls des médias de données sont supportées pour les 906 lecteurs de CD/DVD. Cela signifie que tous les formats de CD de données et 907 tous les formats DVD peuvent en principe être utilisés. Comme les lecteurs 908 DVD hôte refusent de lire des médias vidéos DVD chiffrés, vous ne pouvez 909 pas jouer de telles vidéos avec l'émulation de CD/DVD régulière. Il se peut 910 que vous réussissiez à le faire fonctionner avec le support expérimental 911 passthrough décrit au <xref linkend="storage-write-cds" />.</para> 912 913 <para>Les formats de CD audio et de CD vidéo ne sont pas supportés, ce qui 914 signifie que vous ne pouvez pas jouer de tels médias depuis une machine 915 virtuelle.</para> 842 916 </sect1> 843 917 844 918 <sect1 id="storage-write-cds"> 845 <title>Writing CDs and DVDs using the host drive</title> 846 847 <para>When you attach your host's CD/DVD drive to a virtual machine (see 848 <xref linkend="settings-storage" />), this normally gives the machine 849 read-only access to the host drive. This prevents the guest from writing 850 to the host drive. In particular, you cannot burn CDs and DVDs from the 851 guest this way.</para> 852 853 <para>As an experimental feature (which currently works for data media 854 only, audio and video CD formats are not supported), it is possible to 855 give the guest access to the CD/DVD writing features of the host drive (if 856 available). There is a "Passthrough" checkbox in the GUI dialog for 857 configuring the media attached to a storage controller, or you can use the 858 command line:</para> 859 860 <screen>VBoxManage storageattach <uuid|vmname> 861 --storagectl <name> 862 --port <number> 863 --device <number> 919 <title>Écrire des CDs et des DVDs en utilisant le lecteur hôte</title> 920 921 <para>Quand vous attachez le lecteur CD/DVD de votre hôte à une machine 922 virtuelle (voir le <xref linkend="settings-storage" />), cela donne en 923 principe à la machine un accès en lecture seule au lecteur hôte. Cela empêche 924 l'invité d'écrire sur le lecteur hôte. En particulier, vous ne pouvez pas 925 graver de CDs et de DVDs depuis l'invité de cette façon.</para> 926 927 928 <para>En fonctionnalité expérimentale (qui ne fonctionne actuellement que 929 pour les médias de données, les formats de CD audio, vidéo ne sont pas 930 supportés), il est possible de donner à l'invité l'accès aux fonctionnalités 931 d'écriture de CD/DVD du lecteur hôte (si disponibles). Il y a une case à 932 cocher « Passthrough » dans la boîte de dialogue de l'interface graphique 933 pour configurer le média attaché à un contrôleur de stockage, ou vous pouvez 934 utiliser la ligne de commande :</para> 935 936 <screen>VBoxManage storageattach <uuid|nomvm> 937 --storagectl <nom> 938 --port <numéro> 939 --device <numéro> 864 940 [--type <dvddrive|hdd|fdd> 865 941 --medium <none|emptydrive|uuid|filename|host:<drive>>] … … 867 943 [--forceunmount]</screen> 868 944 869 <para>See also <xref linkend="vboxmanage-storage" />.</para> 870 871 <para>Even if pass-through is enabled, unsafe commands, such as updating 872 the drive firmware, will be blocked. On some host drives the pass-through 873 feature allows playing encrypted DVD video media.</para> 874 875 <para>On Solaris hosts, pass-through requires running VirtualBox with real 876 root permissions due to security measures enforced by the host.</para> 945 <para>Voir aussi <xref linkend="vboxmanage-storageattach" />.</para> 946 947 <para>Même si pass-through est activé, des commandes risquées telles que la 948 mise à jour du firmware du lecteur seront bloquées. Sur certains lecteurs 949 hôtes, la fonctionnalité pass-through permet de jouer des médias vidéos DVD 950 chiffrés.</para> 951 952 <para>Sur les hôtes Solaris, le path-through exige de lancer VirtualBox avec 953 les droits du vrai administrateur du fait de mesures de sécurité renforcées 954 par l'hôte.</para> 877 955 </sect1> 878 956 879 957 <sect1> 880 <title id="storage-iscsi">iSCSI servers</title> 881 882 <para>iSCSI stands for "Internet SCSI" and is a standard that allows for 883 using the SCSI protocol over Internet (TCP/IP) connections. Especially 884 with the advent of Gigabit Ethernet, it has become affordable to attach 885 iSCSI storage servers simply as remote hard disks to a computer network. 886 In iSCSI terminology, the server providing storage resources is called an 887 "iSCSI target", while the client connecting to the server and accessing 888 its resources is called "iSCSI initiator".</para> 889 890 <para>VirtualBox can transparently present iSCSI remote storage to a 891 virtual machine as a virtual hard disk. The guest operating system will 892 not see any difference between a virtual disk image (VDI file) and an 893 iSCSI target. To achieve this, VirtualBox has an integrated iSCSI 894 initiator.</para> 895 896 <para>VirtualBox's iSCSI support has been developed according to the iSCSI 897 standard and should work with all standard-conforming iSCSI targets. To 898 use an iSCSI target with VirtualBox, you must first register it as a 899 virtual hard disk with <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput>; see 900 <xref linkend="vboxmanage-addiscsidisk" />. The target will show up in the 901 list of disk images, as described in <xref linkend="vdis" />, and can thus 902 be attached to one of the VM's three hard disk slots the usual way.</para> 903 904 <sect2> 905 <title id="iscsi-intnet">Access iSCSI targets via Internal 906 Networking</title> 907 908 <para>As an experimental feature, VirtualBox allows for accessing an 909 iSCSI target running in a virtual machine which is configured for using 910 Internal Networking mode (as described in <xref 911 linkend="network_internal" />). The setup of the virtual machine which 912 uses such an iSCSI target is done as described above. The only 913 difference is that the IP address of the target must be specified as a 914 numeric IP address.</para> 915 916 <para>The IP stack accessing Internal Networking must be configured in 917 the virtual machine which accesses the iSCSI target. A free static IP 918 and a MAC address not used by other virtual machines must be chosen. In 919 the example below, adapt the name of the virtual machine, the MAC 920 address, the IP configuration and the Internal Networking name 921 ("MyIntNet") according to your needs. The following seven commands must 922 be issued:<screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" VBoxInternal/Devices/IntNetIP/0/Trusted 1 923 VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" VBoxInternal/Devices/IntNetIP/0/Config/MAC 08:00:27:01:02:0f 924 VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" VBoxInternal/Devices/IntNetIP/0/Config/IP 10.0.9.1 925 VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" VBoxInternal/Devices/IntNetIP/0/Config/Netmask 255.255.255.0 926 VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" VBoxInternal/Devices/IntNetIP/0/LUN#0/Driver IntNet 927 VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" VBoxInternal/Devices/IntNetIP/0/LUN#0/Config/Network MyIntNet 928 VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" VBoxInternal/Devices/IntNetIP/0/LUN#0/Config/IsService 1</screen></para> 929 930 <para>Finally the iSCSI disk must be registered with the 931 <code>--intnet</code> option to tell the iSCSI initiator to use internal 932 networking:<screen>VBoxManage addiscsidisk --server 10.0.9.30 --target iqn.2008-12.com.sun:sampletarget --intnet</screen></para> 933 934 <para>The target address must be specified as a numeric IP address, as 935 there is no DNS resolver for internal networking.</para> 936 937 <para>The virtual machine with the iSCSI target should be started before 938 the VM using it is powered on. If a virtual machine using an iSCSI disk 939 is started without having the iSCSI target powered up, it can take up to 940 200 seconds to detect this situation. The VM will fail to power 941 up.</para> 942 </sect2> 958 <title id="storage-iscsi">Serveurs iSCSI</title> 959 960 <para>iSCSI signifie « Internet SCSI » et c'est un standard qui permet 961 d'utiliser le protocole SCSI à travers des connexions Internet ((TCP/IP). 962 Surtout avec l'arrivée de l'Internet haut débit (Gigabit Ethernet), il devient 963 envisageable d'attacher des serveurs de stockage iSCSI simplement en tant 964 que disques durs distants à un réseau d'ordinateurs. Dans la terminologie 965 iSCSI, le serveur qui fournit les ressources de stockage est appelé une 966 « cible iSCSI », tandis que le client qui se connecte au serveur et accède 967 à ses ressources est appelé « l'initiateur iSCSI ».</para> 968 969 <para>VirtualBox peut présenter de façon intégréte à une machine virtuelle 970 du stockage distant iSCSI comme un disque dur virtuel. Le système 971 d'exploitation invité ne verra aucune différence entre une image de disque 972 virtuelle (fichier VDI) et une cible iSCSI. Pour faire cela, VirtualBox a un 973 initiateur iSCSI intégré.</para> 974 975 <para>Le support iSCSI de VirtualBox a été développé en fonction du standard 976 iSCSI et il devrait fonctionner avec toutes les cibles iSCSI standards 977 conformes au modèle. Pour utiliser une cible iSCSI avec VirtualBox, vous 978 devez d'abord l'enregistrer en tant que disque dur virtuel avec 979 <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput> ; voir 980 <xref linkend="vboxmanage-storageattach" />. La cible apparaîtra dans la liste 981 d'images de disques, comme décrit au <xref linkend="vdis" />, et peut ainsi 982 être attachée à l'un des trois emplacements de disque dur de la VM de façon 983 ordinaire.</para> 943 984 </sect1> 944 985 </chapter> -
trunk/doc/manual/fr_FR/user_Technical.xml
r31735 r38233 1 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 2 <!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" 3 3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd"> 4 4 <chapter id="TechnicalBackground"> 5 5 <title>Technical background</title> … … 10 10 wish to find out more about how VirtualBox works "under the hood".</para> 11 11 12 <sect1> 12 <sect1 id="vboxconfigdata"> 13 <title>Where VirtualBox stores its files</title> 14 15 <para>In VirtualBox, a virtual machine and its settings are described in a 16 virtual machine settings file in XML format. In addition, most virtual 17 machine have one or more virtual hard disks, which are typically 18 represented by disk images (e.g. in VDI format). Where all these files are 19 stored depends on which version of VirtualBox created the machine.</para> 20 21 <sect2> 22 <title>Machines created by VirtualBox version 4.0 or later</title> 23 24 <para>Starting with version 4.0, by default, each virtual machine has 25 one directory on your host computer where all the files of that machine 26 are stored -- the XML settings file (with a 27 <computeroutput>.vbox</computeroutput> file extension) and its disk 28 images.</para> 29 30 <para>By default, this "machine folder" is placed in a common folder 31 called "VirtualBox VMs", which VirtualBox creates in the current system 32 user's home directory. The location of this home directory depends on 33 the conventions of the host operating system:</para> 34 35 <itemizedlist> 36 <listitem> 37 <para>On Windows, this is 38 <computeroutput>%HOMEDRIVE%%HOMEPATH%</computeroutput>; typically 39 something like <computeroutput>C:\Documents and 40 Settings\Username\</computeroutput>.</para> 41 </listitem> 42 43 <listitem> 44 <para>On Mac OS X, this is 45 <computeroutput>/Users/username</computeroutput>.</para> 46 </listitem> 47 48 <listitem> 49 <para>On Linux and Solaris, this is 50 <computeroutput>/home/username</computeroutput>.</para> 51 </listitem> 52 </itemizedlist> 53 54 <para>For simplicity, we will abbreviate this as 55 <computeroutput>$HOME</computeroutput> below. Using that convention, the 56 common folder for all virtual machines is 57 <computeroutput>$HOME/VirtualBox VMs</computeroutput>.</para> 58 59 <para>As an example, when you create a virtual machine called "Example 60 VM", you will find that VirtualBox creates<orderedlist> 61 <listitem> 62 <para>the folder <computeroutput>$HOME/VirtualBox VMs/Example 63 VM/</computeroutput> and, in that folder,</para> 64 </listitem> 65 66 <listitem> 67 <para>the settings file <computeroutput>Example 68 VM.vbox</computeroutput> and</para> 69 </listitem> 70 71 <listitem> 72 <para>the virtual disk image <computeroutput>Example 73 VM.vdi</computeroutput>.</para> 74 </listitem> 75 </orderedlist></para> 76 77 <para>This is the default layout if you use the "Create new virtual 78 machine" wizard as described in <xref linkend="gui-createvm" />. Once 79 you start working with the VM, additional files will show up: you will 80 find log files in a subfolder called 81 <computeroutput>Logs</computeroutput>, and once you have taken 82 snapshots, they will appear in a 83 <computeroutput>Snapshots</computeroutput> subfolder. For each VM, you 84 can change the location of its snapsnots folder in the VM 85 settings.</para> 86 87 <para>You can change the default machine folder by selecting 88 "Preferences" from the "File" menu in the VirtualBox main window. Then, 89 in the window that pops up, click on the "General" tab. Alternatively, 90 use <computeroutput>VBoxManage setproperty 91 machinefolder</computeroutput>; see <xref 92 linkend="vboxmanage-setproperty" />.</para> 93 </sect2> 94 95 <sect2> 96 <title>Machines created by VirtualBox versions before 4.0</title> 97 98 <para>If you have upgraded to VirtualBox 4.0 from an earlier version of 99 VirtualBox, you probably have settings files and disks in the earlier 100 file system layout.</para> 101 102 <para>Before version 4.0, VirtualBox separated the machine settings 103 files from virtual disk images. The machine settings files had an 104 <computeroutput>.xml</computeroutput> file extension and resided in a 105 folder called "Machines" under the global VirtualBox configuration 106 directory (see the next section). So, for example, on Linux, this was 107 the hidden <computeroutput>$HOME/.VirtualBox/Machines</computeroutput> 108 directory. The default hard disks folder was called "HardDisks" and 109 resided in the <computeroutput>.VirtualBox</computeroutput> folder as 110 well. Both locations could be changed by the user in the global 111 preferences. (The concept of a "default hard disk folder" has been 112 abandoned with VirtualBox 4.0, since disk images now reside in each 113 machine's folder by default.)</para> 114 115 <para>The old layout had several severe disadvantages.<orderedlist> 116 <listitem> 117 <para>It was very difficult to move a virtual machine from one 118 host to another because the files involved did not reside in the 119 same folder. In addition, the virtual media of all machines were 120 registered with a global registry in the central VirtualBox 121 settings file 122 (<computeroutput>$HOME/.VirtualBox/VirtualBox.xml</computeroutput>).</para> 123 124 <para>To move a machine to another host, it was therefore not 125 enough to move the XML settings file and the disk images (which 126 were in different locations), but the hard disk entries from the 127 global media registry XML had to be meticulously copied as well, 128 which was close to impossible if the machine had snapshots and 129 therefore differencing images.</para> 130 </listitem> 131 132 <listitem> 133 <para>Storing virtual disk images, which can grow very large, 134 under the hidden <computeroutput>.VirtualBox</computeroutput> 135 directory (at least on Linux and Solaris hosts) made many users 136 wonder where their disk space had gone.</para> 137 </listitem> 138 </orderedlist></para> 139 140 <para>Whereas new VMs created with VirtualBox 4.0 or later will conform 141 to the new layout, for maximum compatibility, old VMs are 142 <emphasis>not</emphasis> converted to the new layout. Otherwise machine 143 settings would be irrevocably broken if a user downgraded from 4.0 back 144 to an older version of VirtualBox.</para> 145 </sect2> 146 147 <sect2> 148 <title>Global configuration data</title> 149 150 <para>In addition to the files of the virtual machines, VirtualBox 151 maintains global configuration data. On Windows, Linux and Solaris, this 152 is in <computeroutput>$HOME/.VirtualBox</computeroutput> (which makes it 153 hidden on Linux and Solaris), whereas on a Mac this resides in 154 <computeroutput>$HOME/Library/VirtualBox</computeroutput>.</para> 155 156 <para>VirtualBox creates this configuration directory automatically if 157 necessary. Optionally, you can supply an alternate configuration 158 directory by setting the 159 <computeroutput><literal>VBOX_USER_HOME</literal></computeroutput> 160 environment variable. (Since the global 161 <computeroutput>VirtualBox.xml</computeroutput> settings file points to 162 all other configuration files, this allows for switching between several 163 VirtualBox configurations entirely.)</para> 164 165 <para>Most importantly, in this directory, VirtualBox stores its global 166 settings file, another XML file called 167 <computeroutput>VirtualBox.xml</computeroutput>. This includes global 168 configuration options and the list of registered virtual machines with 169 pointers to their XML settings files. (Neither the location of this file 170 nor its directory has changed with VirtualBox 4.0.)</para> 171 172 <para>Before VirtualBox 4.0, all virtual media (disk image files) were 173 also contained in a global registry in this settings file. For 174 compatibility, this media registry still exists if you upgrade 175 VirtualBox and there are media from machines which were created with a 176 version before 4.0. If you have no such machines, then there will be no 177 global media registry; with VirtualBox 4.0, each machine XML file has 178 its own media registry.</para> 179 180 <para>Also before VirtualBox 4.0, the default "Machines" folder and the 181 default "HardDisks" folder resided under the VirtualBox configuration 182 directory (e.g. 183 <computeroutput>$HOME/.VirtualBox/Machines</computeroutput> on Linux). 184 If you are upgrading from a VirtualBox version before 4.0, files in 185 these directories are not automatically moved in order not to break 186 backwards compatibility.</para> 187 </sect2> 188 189 <sect2> 190 <title>Summary of 4.0 configuration changes</title> 191 192 <table> 193 <title>ignoreme</title> 194 195 <tgroup cols="3"> 196 <tbody> 197 <row> 198 <entry></entry> 199 200 <entry><emphasis role="bold">Before 4.0</emphasis></entry> 201 202 <entry><emphasis role="bold">4.0 or above</emphasis></entry> 203 </row> 204 205 <row> 206 <entry>Default machines folder</entry> 207 208 <entry><computeroutput>$HOME/.VirtualBox/Machines</computeroutput></entry> 209 210 <entry><computeroutput>$HOME/VirtualBox 211 VMs</computeroutput></entry> 212 </row> 213 214 <row> 215 <entry>Default disk image location</entry> 216 217 <entry><computeroutput>$HOME/.VirtualBox/HardDisks</computeroutput></entry> 218 219 <entry>In each machine's folder</entry> 220 </row> 221 222 <row> 223 <entry>Machine settings file extension</entry> 224 225 <entry><computeroutput>.xml</computeroutput></entry> 226 227 <entry><computeroutput>.vbox</computeroutput></entry> 228 </row> 229 230 <row> 231 <entry>Media registry</entry> 232 233 <entry>Global <computeroutput>VirtualBox.xml</computeroutput> 234 file</entry> 235 236 <entry>Each machine settings file</entry> 237 </row> 238 239 <row> 240 <entry>Media registration</entry> 241 242 <entry>Explicit open/close required</entry> 243 244 <entry>Automatic on attach</entry> 245 </row> 246 </tbody> 247 </tgroup> 248 </table> 249 </sect2> 250 251 <sect2> 252 <title>VirtualBox XML files</title> 253 254 <para>VirtualBox uses XML for both the machine settings files and the 255 global configuration file, 256 <computeroutput>VirtualBox.xml</computeroutput>.</para> 257 258 <para>All VirtualBox XML files are versioned. When a new settings file 259 is created (e.g. because a new virtual machine is created), VirtualBox 260 automatically uses the settings format of the current VirtualBox 261 version. These files may not be readable if you downgrade to an earlier 262 version of VirtualBox. However, when VirtualBox encounters a settings 263 file from an earlier version (e.g. after upgrading VirtualBox), it 264 attempts to preserve the settings format as much as possible. It will 265 only silently upgrade the settings format if the current settings cannot 266 be expressed in the old format, for example because you enabled a 267 feature that was not present in an earlier version of 268 VirtualBox.<footnote> 269 <para>As an example, before VirtualBox 3.1, it was only possible to 270 enable or disable a single DVD drive in a virtual machine. If it was 271 enabled, then it would always be visible as the secondary master of 272 the IDE controller. With VirtualBox 3.1, DVD drives can be attached 273 to arbitrary slots of arbitrary controllers, so they could be the 274 secondary slave of an IDE controller or in a SATA slot. If you have 275 a machine settings file from an earlier version and upgrade 276 VirtualBox to 3.1 and then move the DVD drive from its default 277 position, this cannot be expressed in the old settings format; the 278 XML machine file would get written in the new format, and a backup 279 file of the old format would be kept.</para> 280 </footnote> In such cases, VirtualBox backs up the old settings file 281 in the virtual machine's configuration directory. If you need to go back 282 to the earlier version of VirtualBox, then you will need to manually 283 copy these backup files back.</para> 284 285 <para>We intentionally do not document the specifications of the 286 VirtualBox XML files, as we must reserve the right to modify them in the 287 future. We therefore strongly suggest that you do not edit these files 288 manually. VirtualBox provides complete access to its configuration data 289 through its the <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput> command line 290 tool (see <xref linkend="vboxmanage" />) and its API (see <xref 291 linkend="VirtualBoxAPI" />).</para> 292 </sect2> 293 </sect1> 294 295 <sect1 id="technical-components"> 13 296 <title>VirtualBox executables and components</title> 14 297 … … 40 323 a client application based on the cross-platform Qt library. When 41 324 started without the <computeroutput>--startvm</computeroutput> 42 option, this application acts as the VirtualBox ma in window,43 displaying the VMs and their settings. It then communicates settings44 and state changes to <computeroutput>VBoxSVC</computeroutput> and45 alsoreflects changes effected through other means, e.g.,325 option, this application acts as the VirtualBox manager, displaying 326 the VMs and their settings. It then communicates settings and state 327 changes to <computeroutput>VBoxSVC</computeroutput> and also 328 reflects changes effected through other means, e.g., 46 329 <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput>.</para> 47 330 </listitem> … … 64 347 65 348 <para>The VirtualBox GUI application is only one of several available 66 front -ends (clients). The complete list shipped with VirtualBox349 front ends (clients). The complete list shipped with VirtualBox 67 350 is:<orderedlist> 68 351 <listitem> 69 <para><computeroutput>VirtualBox</computeroutput>, the Qt GUI front70 end mentioned earlier.</para>352 <para><computeroutput>VirtualBox</computeroutput>, the Qt front end 353 implementing the manager and running VMs;</para> 71 354 </listitem> 72 355 73 356 <listitem> 74 357 <para><computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput>, a less 75 user-friendly but more powerful alternative to the GUI described in76 <xreflinkend="vboxmanage" />.</para>358 user-friendly but more powerful alternative, described in <xref 359 linkend="vboxmanage" />.</para> 77 360 </listitem> 78 361 … … 86 369 <para><computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput>, a VM front end 87 370 which does not directly provide any video output and keyboard/mouse 88 input, but allows redirection via V RDP; see <xref89 linkend="vboxheadless" />.</para>371 input, but allows redirection via VirtualBox Remote Desktop Extension; 372 see <xref linkend="vboxheadless" />.</para> 90 373 </listitem> 91 374 … … 580 863 581 864 <para>On AMD processors, nested paging has been available starting 582 with the Barcelona (K10) architecture; Intel added support for 583 nested paging, which they call "extended page tables" (EPT), with 584 their Core i7 (Nehalem) processors.</para> 865 with the Barcelona (K10) architecture -- they call it now "rapid 866 virtualization indexing" (RVI). Intel added support for nested 867 paging, which they call "extended page tables" (EPT), with their 868 Core i7 (Nehalem) processors.</para> 585 869 586 870 <para>If nested paging is enabled, the VirtualBox hypervisor can … … 601 885 602 886 <para>To enable these features for a VM, you need to use the 603 <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm --vtxvpid s</computeroutput> and887 <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm --vtxvpid</computeroutput> and 604 888 <computeroutput>--largepages</computeroutput> commands; see <xref 605 889 linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" />.</para> -
trunk/doc/manual/fr_FR/user_Troubleshooting.xml
r33157 r38233 102 102 is called <computeroutput><literal>VBox.log</literal></computeroutput> 103 103 and resides in the VM log file folder. Typically this will be a 104 directory like this:<screen>$HOME/.VirtualBox/Machines/{machinename}/Logs</screen>When 105 starting a VM, the configuration file of the last run will be renamed to 106 <computeroutput>.1</computeroutput>, up to 104 directory like this:<screen>$HOME/VirtualBox VMs/{machinename}/Logs</screen></para> 105 106 <para>When starting a VM, the configuration file of the last run will be 107 renamed to <computeroutput>.1</computeroutput>, up to 107 108 <computeroutput>.3</computeroutput>. Sometimes when there is a problem, 108 109 it is useful to have a look at the logs. Also when requesting support … … 121 122 features, whether hardware virtualization is enabled, information about 122 123 VT-x/AMD-V setup, state transitions (creating, running, paused, 123 stopping, etc.), guest BIOS messages, guest Additions messages, device124 specific log entries and at the end of execution, final guest state and125 condensed statistics.</para>124 stopping, etc.), guest BIOS messages, Guest Additions messages, 125 device-specific log entries and, at the end of execution, final guest 126 state and condensed statistics.</para> 126 127 127 128 <para>In case of crashes, it is very important to collect <emphasis … … 134 135 </footnote></para> 135 136 137 <para>You can also use <computeroutput>VBoxManage 138 debugvm</computeroutput> to create a dump of a complete virtual machine; 139 see <xref linkend="vboxmanage-debugvm" />.</para> 140 136 141 <para>For network related problems, it is often helpful to capture a 137 142 trace of network traffic. If the traffic is routed through an adapter on … … 145 150 <para><ulink 146 151 url="http://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Network_tips">http://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Network_tips</ulink>.</para> 147 </footnote> for information on enabling this capture. Note that the148 trace files created by VirtualBox are in .pcap format and can be easily149 analyzed with Wireshark.</para>150 </sect2> 151 152 <sect2> 153 <title >The built-in VM debugger</title>152 </footnote> for information on enabling this capture. The trace files 153 created by VirtualBox are in <computeroutput>.pcap</computeroutput> 154 format and can be easily analyzed with Wireshark.</para> 155 </sect2> 156 157 <sect2> 158 <title id="debugger">The built-in VM debugger</title> 154 159 155 160 <para>VirtualBox includes a built-in VM debugger, which advanced users 156 may find useful. This debugger allows the user to examine, and to some157 extent, control, the VM state.<note>161 may find useful. This debugger allows for examining and, to some extent, 162 controlling the VM state.<warning> 158 163 <para>Use the VM debugger at your own risk. There is no support for 159 164 it, and the following documentation is only made available for … … 161 166 x86/AMD64 machine instruction set, as well as detailed knowledge of 162 167 the PC architecture. A degree of familiarity with the internals of 163 the guest OS in question is not required, but may be very 164 helpful.</para> 165 </note></para> 168 the guest OS in question may also be very helpful.</para> 169 </warning></para> 166 170 167 171 <para>The VM debugger is available in all regular production versions of … … 181 185 <para>The debugger can be enabled in three ways:<itemizedlist> 182 186 <listitem> 183 <para>Start the <computeroutput>VirtualBox</computeroutput> 184 process with a <computeroutput>--dbg</computeroutput>, 187 <para>Start the VM directly using <computeroutput>VirtualBox 188 --startvm</computeroutput>, with an additional 189 <computeroutput>--dbg</computeroutput>, 185 190 <computeroutput>--debug</computeroutput>, or 186 191 <computeroutput>--debug-command-line</computeroutput> argument. 187 See the VirtualBox usage help for details. Note that these 188 arguments are only useful when a VM is started immediately, using 189 the <computeroutput>--startvm</computeroutput> argument.</para> 192 See the VirtualBox usage help for details.</para> 190 193 </listitem> 191 194 … … 303 306 <listitem> 304 307 <para><computeroutput>writecore</computeroutput> -- writes a VM 305 core file to disk, refer <xref linkend="guestcoreformat" /> 306 </para> 308 core file to disk, refer <xref linkend="guestcoreformat" /></para> 307 309 </listitem> 308 310 </itemizedlist></para> … … 407 409 <title>VM core format</title> 408 410 409 <para>VirtualBox uses the 64-bit ELF format for its VM core files. The 410 VM core file contain the memory and CPU dumps of the VM and can be 411 useful for debugging your guest OS. The 64-bit ELF object format 412 specficiation can be obtained here: <literal><ulink 411 <para>VirtualBox uses the 64-bit ELF format for its VM core files 412 created by <computeroutput>VBoxManage debugvm</computeroutput>; see 413 <xref linkend="vboxmanage-debugvm" />. The VM core file contain the 414 memory and CPU dumps of the VM and can be useful for debugging your 415 guest OS. The 64-bit ELF object format specficiation can be obtained 416 here: <literal><ulink 413 417 url="http://downloads.openwatcom.org/ftp/devel/docs/elf-64-gen.pdf">http://downloads.openwatcom.org/ftp/devel/docs/elf-64-gen.pdf</ulink></literal>.</para> 414 418 … … 544 548 key.</para> 545 549 </sect2> 550 551 <sect2 id="hostPowerMgmt"> 552 <title>Poor performance caused by host power management</title> 553 554 <para>On some hardware platforms and operating systems, virtualization 555 performance is negatively affected by host CPU power management. The 556 symptoms may be choppy audio in the guest or erratic guest clock 557 behavior.</para> 558 559 <para>Some of the problems may be caused by firmware and/or host 560 operating system bugs. Therefore, updating the firmware and applying 561 operating systems fixes is recommended.</para> 562 563 <para>For optimal virtualization performance, the C1E power state 564 support in the system's BIOS should be disabled, if such a setting is 565 available (not all systems support the C1E power state). Disabling other 566 power management settings may also improve performance. However, a 567 balance between performance and power consumption must always be 568 considered.</para> 569 </sect2> 570 571 <sect2 id="gui2D_grayedout"> 572 <title>GUI: 2D Video Acceleration option is grayed out</title> 573 574 <para>To use 2D Video Acceleration within VirtualBox, your host's video 575 card should support certain OpenGL extensions. On startup, VirtualBox 576 checks for those extensions, and, if the test fails, this option is 577 silently grayed out.</para> 578 579 <para>To find out why it has failed, you can manually execute the 580 following command:</para> 581 582 <screen>VBoxTestOGL --log "log_file_name" --test 2D</screen> 583 584 <para>It will list the required OpenGL extensions one by one and will 585 show you which one failed the test. This usually means that you are 586 running an outdated or misconfigured OpenGL driver on your host. It can 587 also mean that your video chip is lacking required functionality.</para> 588 </sect2> 546 589 </sect1> 547 590 … … 663 706 <title>No networking in Windows Vista guests</title> 664 707 665 <para> Unfortunately, with Vista, Microsoft dropped support for the666 virtual AMD PCNet card that we are providing to virtual machines. As a667 result, after installation, Vista guests initially have no networking.668 VirtualBox therefore ships a driver for that card with the Windows Guest669 Additions; see <xref linkend="vista_networking" />.</para> 670 671 <para>Starting with version 1.6.0 VirtualBox can emulate an Intel E1000672 network device which is supported by Vista without any third-party673 drivers.</para>708 <para>With Windows Vista, Microsoft dropped support for the AMD PCNet 709 card that VirtualBox used to provide as the default virtual network card 710 before version 1.6.0. For Windows Vista guests, VirtualBox now uses an 711 Intel E1000 card by default.</para> 712 713 <para>If, for some reason, you still want to use the AMD card, you need 714 to download the PCNet driver from the AMD website (available for 32-bit 715 Windows only). You can transfer it into the virtual machine using a 716 shared folder, see (see <xref linkend="sharedfolders" />).</para> 674 717 </sect2> 675 718 … … 681 724 guest appears to be idle. We recommend to deactivate virus scanners 682 725 within virtualized guests if possible.</para> 683 </sect2>684 685 <sect2 id="win7_audio">686 <title>No audio in Windows Vista (64-bit) and Windows 7 guests</title>687 688 <para>32-bit Windows 7 does not ship with drivers for our emulated audio689 hardware (AC'97). However, running Windows Update should solve the690 problem by getting an appropriate driver for it automatically. After691 that update followed by a reboot you should have working audio.</para>692 693 <para>For the 64-bit versions of Windows Vista and 7 you have to694 download the Realtek AC'97 drivers to enable audio.</para>695 696 <para>See <ulink697 url="http://www.realtek.com.tw/downloads">http://www.realtek.com.tw/downloads</ulink>698 for download instructions.</para>699 726 </sect2> 700 727 … … 714 741 <para>After doing this change, a reboot of the guest is required.</para> 715 742 </sect2> 743 744 <sect2> 745 <title>USB tablet coordinates wrong in Windows 98 guests</title> 746 747 <para>If a Windows 98 VM is configured to use the emulated USB tablet 748 (absolute pointing device), the coordinate translation may be incorrect 749 and the pointer is restricted to the upper left quarter of the guest's 750 screen. 751 </para> 752 753 <para>The USB HID (Human Interface Device) drivers in Windows 98 are very 754 old and do not handle tablets the same way all more recent operating 755 systems do (Windows 2000 and later, Mac OS X, Solaris). To 756 work around the problem, issue the following command: 757 </para> 758 759 <para><screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" "VBoxInternal/USB/HidMouse/0/Config/CoordShift" 0</screen></para> 760 761 <para>To restore the default behavior, remove the key or set its value 762 to 1. 763 </para> 764 </sect2> 765 766 <sect2> 767 <title>Windows guests are removed from an Active Directory domain after 768 restoring a snapshot</title> 769 770 <para>If a Windows guest is a member of an Active Directory domain and 771 the snapshot feature of VirtualBox is used, it could happen it loses 772 this status after you restore an older snapshot. 773 </para> 774 775 <para>The reason is the automatic machine password changing performed by 776 Windows in regular intervals for security purposes. You can disable 777 this feature by following the instruction of this <ulink 778 url="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/154501">http://support.microsoft.com/kb/154501</ulink> 779 article from Microsoft. 780 </para> 781 </sect2> 782 716 783 </sect1> 717 784 … … 744 811 Barcelona-level Opterons due to a bug in the Linux kernel. Enable the 745 812 I/O-APIC to work around the problem (see <xref 746 linkend="settings- general-advanced" />).</para>813 linkend="settings-system" />).</para> 747 814 </sect2> 748 815 … … 853 920 input (moving the mouse over a menu is the most obvious situation) and 854 921 output. This is because this RDP client collects input for a certain 855 time before sending it to the VRDP server built into VirtualBox.</para>922 time before sending it to the RDP server.</para> 856 923 857 924 <para>The interval can be decreased by setting a Windows registry key to … … 901 968 running on the host.</para> 902 969 </sect2> 970 971 <sect2> 972 <title>Bridged networking adapters missing</title> 973 974 <para>If no bridged adapters show up in the "Networking" section of the 975 VM settings, this typically means that the bridged networking driver was 976 not installed properly on your host. This could be due to the following 977 reasons: <itemizedlist> 978 <listitem> 979 <para>The maximum allowed filter count was reached on the host. In 980 this case, the MSI log would mention the 981 <computeroutput>0x8004a029</computeroutput> error code returned on 982 NetFlt network component install:<screen>VBoxNetCfgWinInstallComponent: Install failed, hr (0x8004a029)</screen></para> 983 984 <para>You can try to increase the maximum filter count in the 985 Windows registry at the following key:<screen>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Network\MaxNumFilters</screen>The 986 maximum number allowed is 14. After a reboot, try to re-install 987 VirtualBox.</para> 988 </listitem> 989 990 <listitem> 991 <para>The INF cache is corrupt. In this case, the install log 992 (<computeroutput>%windir%\inf\setupapi.log</computeroutput> on XP 993 or <computeroutput>%windir%\inf\setupapi.dev.log</computeroutput> 994 on Vista or later) would typically mention the failure to find a 995 suitable driver package for either the 996 <computeroutput>sun_VBoxNetFlt</computeroutput> or 997 <computeroutput>sun_VBoxNetFltmp</computeroutput> components. The 998 solution then is to uninstall VirtualBox, remove the INF cache 999 (<computeroutput>%windir%\inf\INFCACHE.1</computeroutput>), reboot 1000 and try to re-install VirtualBox</para> 1001 </listitem> 1002 </itemizedlist></para> 1003 </sect2> 1004 1005 <sect2> 1006 <title>Host-only networking adapters cannot be created</title> 1007 1008 <para>If host-only adapter cannot be created (either via the Manager or 1009 VBoxManage), then the INF cache is probably corrupt. In this case, the 1010 install log (<computeroutput>%windir%\inf\setupapi.log</computeroutput> 1011 on XP or <computeroutput>%windir%\inf\setupapi.dev.log</computeroutput> 1012 on Vista or later) would typically mention the failure to find a 1013 suitable driver package for the 1014 <computeroutput>sun_VBoxNetAdp</computeroutput> component. Again, as 1015 with the bridged networking problem described above, the solution is to 1016 uninstall VirtualBox, remove the INF cache 1017 (<computeroutput>%windir%\inf\INFCACHE.1</computeroutput>), reboot and 1018 try to re-install VirtualBox.</para> 1019 </sect2> 903 1020 </sect1> 904 1021 … … 913 1030 an "Error inserting vboxdrv: Invalid argument", check (as root) the 914 1031 output of the <computeroutput>dmesg</computeroutput> command to find out 915 why the load failed. The most common reasons are:</para> 916 917 <itemizedlist> 918 <listitem> 919 <para>With Linux 2.6.19 and higher, the NMI watchdog may be active. 920 Add <computeroutput>nmi_watchdog=0</computeroutput> to the kernel 921 command line (e.g. in your grub configuration) and reboot. With the 922 Debian and Ubuntu installation modules, execute <computeroutput>sudo 923 dpkg-reconfigure virtualbox</computeroutput> again.</para> 924 </listitem> 925 926 <listitem> 927 <para>The kernel disagrees about the version of the gcc used to 928 compile the module. Make sure that you use the same compiler as used 929 to build the kernel.</para> 930 </listitem> 931 </itemizedlist> 1032 why the load failed. Most probably the kernel disagrees with the version 1033 of the gcc used to compile the module. Make sure that you use the same 1034 compiler as used to build the kernel.</para> 932 1035 </sect2> 933 1036 … … 1073 1176 The rest of this section only applies to those older systems.</para> 1074 1177 1075 <note>1076 <para>The current rdesktop-vrdp implementation does not support1077 accessing USB devices through the1078 <computeroutput>sysfs</computeroutput>!</para>1079 </note>1080 1081 1178 <para>As <computeroutput>usbfs</computeroutput> is a virtual filesystem, 1082 1179 a <computeroutput>chmod</computeroutput> on -
trunk/doc/manual/fr_FR/user_VBoxManage.xml
r33456 r38233 110 110 storagectl</computeroutput> and <computeroutput>VBoxManage 111 111 storageattach</computeroutput>; see <xref 112 linkend="vboxmanage-storage" /> for details.</para> 112 linkend="vboxmanage-storagectl" /> and <xref 113 linkend="vboxmanage-storageattach" /> for details.</para> 113 114 </listitem> 114 115 … … 176 177 177 178 <listitem> 178 <para><computeroutput>hdds</computeroutput>,179 <computeroutput>dvds</computeroutput> and180 <computeroutput>floppies</computeroutput> all give you information181 about virtual disk images currently registered in VirtualBox,182 including all their settings, the unique identifiers (UUIDs)183 associated with them by VirtualBox and all files associated with184 them.</para>185 </listitem>186 187 <listitem>188 179 <para><computeroutput>ostypes</computeroutput> lists all guest 189 180 operating systems presently known to VirtualBox, along with the … … 194 185 <listitem> 195 186 <para><computeroutput>hostdvds</computeroutput>, 196 <computeroutput>hostfloppies</computeroutput> and 197 <computeroutput>hostifs</computeroutput>, respectively, list DVD, 198 floppy and host networking interfaces on the host, along with the 199 name used to access them from within VirtualBox.</para> 200 </listitem> 201 202 <listitem> 203 <para><computeroutput>hostusb</computeroutput> supplies information 187 <computeroutput>hostfloppies</computeroutput>, respectively, list 188 DVD, floppy, bridged networking and host-only networking interfaces 189 on the host, along with the name used to access them from within 190 VirtualBox.</para> 191 </listitem> 192 193 <listitem> 194 <para><computeroutput>bridgedifs</computeroutput>, 195 <computeroutput>hostonlyifs</computeroutput> and 196 <computeroutput>dhcpservers</computeroutput>, respectively, list 197 bridged network interfaces, host-only network interfaces and DHCP 198 servers currently available on the host. Please see <xref 199 linkend="networkingdetails" /> for details on these.</para> 200 </listitem> 201 202 <listitem> 203 <para><computeroutput>hostinfo</computeroutput> displays information 204 about the host system, such as CPUs, memory size and operating 205 system version.</para> 206 </listitem> 207 208 <listitem> 209 <para><computeroutput>hostcpuids</computeroutput> dumps the CPUID 210 parameters for the host CPUs. This can be used for a more fine 211 grained analyis of the host's virtualization capabilities.</para> 212 </listitem> 213 214 <listitem> 215 <para><computeroutput>hddbackends</computeroutput> lists all known 216 virtual disk back-ends of VirtualBox. For each such format (such as 217 VDI, VMDK or RAW), this lists the back-end's capabilities and 218 configuration.</para> 219 </listitem> 220 221 <listitem> 222 <para><computeroutput>hdds</computeroutput>, 223 <computeroutput>dvds</computeroutput> and 224 <computeroutput>floppies</computeroutput> all give you information 225 about virtual disk images currently in use by VirtualBox, including 226 all their settings, the unique identifiers (UUIDs) associated with 227 them by VirtualBox and all files associated with them. This is the 228 command-line equivalent of the Virtual Media Manager; see <xref 229 linkend="vdis" />.</para> 230 </listitem> 231 232 <listitem> 233 <para><computeroutput>usbhost</computeroutput> supplies information 204 234 about USB devices attached to the host, notably information useful 205 235 for constructing USB filters and whether they are currently in use … … 222 252 223 253 <listitem> 224 <para><computeroutput> hddbackends</computeroutput> lists all known225 hdd backends of VirtualBox. Beside the name of the backend itself,226 descriptions about the capabilities, configuration and other useful227 informations are displayed.</para>254 <para><computeroutput>extpacks</computeroutput> displays all 255 VirtualBox extension packs currently installed; see <xref 256 linkend="intro-installing" /> and <xref 257 linkend="vboxmanage-extpack" /> for more information.</para> 228 258 </listitem> 229 259 </itemizedlist></para> … … 293 323 Audio: disabled (Driver: Unknown) 294 324 Clipboard Mode: Bidirectional 295 VRD P: disabled325 VRDE: disabled 296 326 USB: disabled 297 327 … … 306 336 </sect1> 307 337 308 <sect1 >338 <sect1 id="vboxmanage-registervm"> 309 339 <title>VBoxManage registervm / unregistervm</title> 310 340 … … 481 511 482 512 <listitem> 513 <para><computeroutput>--cpuexecutioncap 514 <1-100></computeroutput>: This setting controls how much cpu 515 time a virtual CPU can use. A value of 50 implies a single virtual 516 CPU can use up to 50% of a single host CPU.</para> 517 </listitem> 518 519 <listitem> 483 520 <para><computeroutput>--synthcpu on|off</computeroutput>: This 484 521 setting determines whether VirtualBox will expose a synthetic CPU … … 622 659 <listitem> 623 660 <para><computeroutput>--nic<1-N> 624 none|null|nat|bridged|intnet|hostonly|vde</computeroutput>: With 661 none|null|nat|bridged|intnet|hostonly|generic 662 </computeroutput>: With 625 663 this, you can set, for each of the VM's virtual network cards, 626 664 what type of networking should be available. They can be not … … 631 669 communicate with other virtual machines using internal networking 632 670 (<computeroutput>intnet</computeroutput>), host-only networking 633 (<computeroutput>hostonly</computeroutput>) or on Linux and634 FreeBSD hosts a Virtual Distributed Ethernet switch635 (<computeroutput>vde</computeroutput>).These options correspond671 (<computeroutput>hostonly</computeroutput>), or access rarely used 672 sub-modes (<computeroutput>generic</computeroutput>). 673 These options correspond 636 674 to the modes which are described in detail in <xref 637 675 linkend="networkingmodes" />.</para> … … 708 746 709 747 <listitem> 710 <para><computeroutput>--vdenet<1-N> 711 network</computeroutput>: If Virtual Distributed Ethernet is 712 available on the host and has been enabled for a virtual network 713 card (see the <computeroutput>--nic</computeroutput> option above; 714 otherwise this setting has no effect). Use this option to specify 715 the name of a VDE network for the interface to connect to (see 716 <xref linkend="networkingmodes" /> and the VDE 717 documentation).</para> 748 <para><computeroutput>--nicgenericdrv<1-N> 749 <backend driver></computeroutput>: If generic networking has been 750 enabled for a virtual network card (see the 751 <computeroutput>--nic</computeroutput> option above; otherwise 752 this setting has no effect), this mode allows you to access 753 rarely used networking sub-modes, such as VDE network or UDP Tunnel. 754 </para> 755 </listitem> 756 757 <listitem> 758 <para><computeroutput>--nicproperty<1-N> 759 <paramname>="paramvalue"</computeroutput>: 760 This option, in combination with "nicgenericdrv" allows you to 761 pass parameters to rarely-used network backends.</para><para> 762 Those parameters are backend engine-specific, and are different 763 between UDP Tunnel and the VDE backend drivers. For example, 764 please see <xref linkend="network_udp_tunnel" />. 765 </para> 718 766 </listitem> 719 767 </itemizedlist></para> … … 808 856 809 857 <sect2 id="vboxmanage-modifyvm-other"> 810 <title>Serial port, audio, clipboard, VRDP and USB settings</title> 858 <title>Serial port, audio, clipboard, remote desktop and USB 859 settings</title> 811 860 812 861 <para>The following other hardware settings are available through … … 911 960 modifyvm</computeroutput>:<itemizedlist> 912 961 <listitem> 913 <para><computeroutput>--vrd pon|off</computeroutput>: With the962 <para><computeroutput>--vrde on|off</computeroutput>: With the 914 963 VirtualBox graphical user interface, this enables or disables the 915 built-in VRDP server. Note that if you are using 916 <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput> (see <xref 917 linkend="vboxheadless" />), VRDP output is always enabled.</para> 918 </listitem> 919 920 <listitem> 921 <para><computeroutput>--vrdpport 964 VirtualBox remote desktop extension (VRDE) server. Note that if 965 you are using <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput> (see 966 <xref linkend="vboxheadless" />), VRDE is enabled by 967 default.</para> 968 </listitem> 969 970 <listitem> 971 <para><computeroutput>--vrdeport 922 972 default|<ports></computeroutput>: A port or a range of ports 923 the VRD Pserver can bind to; "default" or "0" means port 3389, the973 the VRDE server can bind to; "default" or "0" means port 3389, the 924 974 standard port for RDP. You can specify a comma-separated list of 925 975 ports or ranges of ports. Use a dash between two port numbers to 926 specify a range. The VRD Pserver will bind to <emphasis976 specify a range. The VRDE server will bind to <emphasis 927 977 role="bold">one</emphasis> of available ports from the specified 928 978 list. Only one machine can use a given port at a time. For 929 example, the option <computeroutput> --vrd pport979 example, the option <computeroutput> --vrdeport 930 980 5000,5010-5012</computeroutput> will tell the server to bind to 931 981 one of following ports: 5000, 5010, 5011 or 5012.</para> … … 933 983 934 984 <listitem> 935 <para><computeroutput>--vrd paddress <IP985 <para><computeroutput>--vrdeaddress <IP 936 986 address></computeroutput>: The IP address of the host network 937 interface the VRD P server will bind to. If specified, the VRDP938 serverwill accept connections only on the specified host network987 interface the VRDE server will bind to. If specified, the server 988 will accept connections only on the specified host network 939 989 interface.</para> 940 990 </listitem> 941 991 942 992 <listitem> 943 <para><computeroutput>--vrd pauthtype993 <para><computeroutput>--vrdeauthtype 944 994 null|external|guest</computeroutput>: This allows you to choose 945 995 whether and how authorization will be performed; see <xref … … 948 998 949 999 <listitem> 950 <para><computeroutput>--vrdpmulticon on|off</computeroutput>: This 951 enables multiple VRDP connections to the same VRDP server; see 952 <xref lang="" linkend="vrdp-multiconnection" />.</para> 953 </listitem> 954 955 <listitem> 956 <para><computeroutput>--vrdpreusecon on|off</computeroutput>: This 957 specifies the VRDP server behavior when multiple connections are 958 disabled. When this option is enabled, the VRDP server will allow 959 a new client to connect and drop the existing connection. When 960 this option is disabled (this is the default setting), a new 961 connection will not be accepted if there is already a client 962 connected to the server.</para> 963 </listitem> 964 965 <listitem> 966 <para><computeroutput>--vrdpvideochannel on|off</computeroutput>: 967 This enables VRDP video acceleration; see <xref lang="" 968 linkend="vrdp-videochannel" />.</para> 969 </listitem> 970 971 <listitem> 972 <para><computeroutput>--vrdpvideochannelquality 973 <percent></computeroutput>: Sets the image quality for VRDP 974 video acceleration; see <xref lang="" 975 linkend="vrdp-videochannel" />.</para> 1000 <para><computeroutput>--vrdemulticon on|off</computeroutput>: This 1001 enables multiple connections to the same VRDE server, if the 1002 server supports this feature; see <xref lang="" 1003 linkend="vrde-multiconnection" />.</para> 1004 </listitem> 1005 1006 <listitem> 1007 <para><computeroutput>--vrdereusecon on|off</computeroutput>: This 1008 specifies the VRDE server behavior when multiple connections are 1009 disabled. When this option is enabled, the server will allow a new 1010 client to connect and will drop the existing connection. When this 1011 option is disabled (this is the default setting), a new connection 1012 will not be accepted if there is already a client connected to the 1013 server.</para> 1014 </listitem> 1015 1016 <listitem> 1017 <para><computeroutput>--vrdevideochannel on|off</computeroutput>: 1018 This enables video redirection, if it is supported by the VRDE 1019 server; see <xref lang="" linkend="vrde-videochannel" />.</para> 1020 </listitem> 1021 1022 <listitem> 1023 <para><computeroutput>--vrdevideochannelquality 1024 <percent></computeroutput>: Sets the image quality for video 1025 redirection; see <xref lang="" 1026 linkend="vrde-videochannel" />.</para> 976 1027 </listitem> 977 1028 </itemizedlist></para> … … 1013 1064 given, then the teleporting request will only succeed if the 1014 1065 source machine specifies the same password as the one given with 1015 this command.</para> 1066 this command.<note> 1067 <para>Currently, the password is stored without encryption 1068 (i.e. in clear text) in the XML machine configuration 1069 file.</para> 1070 </note></para> 1016 1071 </listitem> 1017 1072 … … 1032 1087 </itemizedlist></para> 1033 1088 </sect2> 1089 </sect1> 1090 1091 <sect1 id="vboxmanage-clonevm"> 1092 <title>VBoxManage clonevm</title> 1093 1094 <para>This command creates a full or linked copy of an existing virtual 1095 machine.</para> 1096 1097 <para>The <computeroutput>clonevm</computeroutput> subcommand takes at 1098 least the name of the virtual machine which should be cloned. The following 1099 additional settings can be used to further configure the clone VM 1100 operation:</para> 1101 1102 <itemizedlist> 1103 <listitem> 1104 <para><computeroutput>--snapshot <uuid>|<name></computeroutput>: 1105 Select a specific snapshot where the clone operation should refer 1106 to. Default is referring to the current state.</para> 1107 </listitem> 1108 <listitem> 1109 <para><computeroutput>--mode machine|machineandchildren|all</computeroutput>: 1110 Selects the cloning mode of the operation. If 1111 <computeroutput>machine</computeroutput> is selected (the default), 1112 the current state of the VM without any snapshots is cloned. In the 1113 <computeroutput>machineandchildren</computeroutput> mode the snapshot 1114 provided by <computeroutput>--snapshot</computeroutput> and all 1115 child snapshots are cloned. If <computeroutput>all</computeroutput> 1116 is the selected mode all snapshots and the current state are cloned. 1117 </para> 1118 </listitem> 1119 <listitem> 1120 <para><computeroutput>--options link|keepallmacs|keepnatmacs|keepdisknames</computeroutput>: 1121 Allows additional fine tuning of the clone operation. The first 1122 option defines that a linked clone should be created, which is 1123 only possible for a machine clone from a snapshot. The next two 1124 options allow to define how the MAC addresses of every virtual 1125 network card should be handled. They can either be reinitialized 1126 (the default), left unchanged 1127 (<computeroutput>keepallmacs</computeroutput>) or left unchanged 1128 when the network type is NAT 1129 (<computeroutput>keepnatmacs</computeroutput>). If you add 1130 <computeroutput>keepdisknames</computeroutput> all new disk images 1131 are called like the original once, otherwise they are 1132 renamed.</para> 1133 </listitem> 1134 <listitem> 1135 <para><computeroutput>--name <name></computeroutput>: Select a 1136 new name for the new virtual machine. Default is "Original Name 1137 Clone".</para> 1138 </listitem> 1139 <listitem> 1140 <para><computeroutput>--basefolder <basefolder></computeroutput>: 1141 Select the folder where the new virtual machine configuration should 1142 be saved in.</para> 1143 </listitem> 1144 <listitem> 1145 <para><computeroutput>--uuid <uuid></computeroutput>: 1146 Select the UUID the new VM should have. This id has to be unique in 1147 the VirtualBox instance this clone should be registered. Default is 1148 creating a new UUID.</para> 1149 </listitem> 1150 <listitem> 1151 <para><computeroutput>--register</computeroutput>: 1152 Automatically register the new clone in this VirtualBox 1153 installation. If you manually want register the new VM later, see 1154 <xref linkend="vboxmanage-registervm" /> for instructions how to do 1155 so.</para> 1156 </listitem> 1157 </itemizedlist> 1034 1158 </sect1> 1035 1159 … … 1163 1287 determines whether the machine will be started in a window (GUI mode, 1164 1288 which is the default) or whether the output should go through 1165 <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput>, with VRD Penabled or not;1289 <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput>, with VRDE enabled or not; 1166 1290 see <xref linkend="vboxheadless" /> for more information. The list of 1167 1291 types is subject to change, and it's not guaranteed that all types are … … 1180 1304 1181 1305 <glossentry> 1182 <glossterm> vrdp</glossterm>1306 <glossterm>headless</glossterm> 1183 1307 1184 1308 <glossdef> 1185 <para>Starts a VM showing a GUI window, with its graphics card 1186 output accessible by an RDP client.</para> 1187 </glossdef> 1188 </glossentry> 1189 1190 <glossentry> 1191 <glossterm>headless</glossterm> 1192 1193 <glossdef> 1194 <para>Starts a VM without a window for remote RDP display 1195 only.</para> 1309 <para>Starts a VM without a window for remote display only.</para> 1196 1310 </glossdef> 1197 1311 </glossentry> … … 1286 1400 <listitem> 1287 1401 <para><computeroutput>nic<1-N> 1288 null|nat|bridged|intnet|hostonly </computeroutput>: With this, you can1402 null|nat|bridged|intnet|hostonly|generic</computeroutput>: With this, you can 1289 1403 set, for each of the VM's virtual network cards, what type of 1290 1404 networking should be available. They can be not connected to the host … … 1294 1408 virtual machines using internal networking 1295 1409 (<computeroutput>intnet</computeroutput>) or host-only networking 1296 (<computeroutput>hostonly</computeroutput>). These options correspond 1410 (<computeroutput>hostonly</computeroutput>) or access to rarely used 1411 sub-modes 1412 (<computeroutput>generic</computeroutput>). These options correspond 1297 1413 to the modes which are described in detail in <xref 1298 1414 linkend="networkingmodes" />.</para> … … 1311 1427 1312 1428 <listitem> 1313 <para><computeroutput>vrd pon|off</computeroutput> lets you enable or1314 disable the built-in VRDP server.</para>1429 <para><computeroutput>vrde on|off</computeroutput> lets you enable or 1430 disable the VRDE server, if it is installed.</para> 1315 1431 </listitem> 1316 1432 1317 1433 <listitem> 1318 <para><computeroutput>vrd pport default|<ports></computeroutput>1319 changes the port or a range of ports that the VRD Pserver can bind to;1434 <para><computeroutput>vrdeport default|<ports></computeroutput> 1435 changes the port or a range of ports that the VRDE server can bind to; 1320 1436 "default" or "0" means port 3389, the standard port for RDP. For 1321 1437 details, see the description for the 1322 <computeroutput>--vrd pport</computeroutput> option in <xref1438 <computeroutput>--vrdeport</computeroutput> option in <xref 1323 1439 linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm-other" />.</para> 1324 1440 </listitem> … … 1329 1445 the Guest Additions be installed, and will not work for all guest 1330 1446 systems.</para> 1447 </listitem> 1448 1449 <listitem> 1450 <para><computeroutput>screenshotpng</computeroutput> takes a screenshot 1451 of the guest display and saves it in PNG format.</para> 1331 1452 </listitem> 1332 1453 … … 1345 1466 see <xref linkend="guestadd-balloon" />.</para> 1346 1467 </listitem> 1468 1469 <listitem> 1470 <para>The <computeroutput>cpuexecutioncap 1471 <1-100></computeroutput>: This operation controls how much cpu 1472 time a virtual CPU can use. A value of 50 implies a single virtual CPU 1473 can use up to 50% of a single host CPU.</para> 1474 </listitem> 1347 1475 </itemizedlist> 1348 1476 </sect1> … … 1355 1483 next time you start it. This is the equivalent of pulling out the power 1356 1484 cable on a physical machine, and should be avoided if possible.</para> 1485 </sect1> 1486 1487 <sect1> 1488 <title>VBoxManage adoptstate</title> 1489 1490 <para>If you have a saved state file (<computeroutput>.sav</computeroutput>) 1491 that is seperate from the VM configuration, you can use this command to 1492 "adopt" the file. This will change the VM to saved state and when you 1493 start it, VirtualBox will attempt to restore it from the saved state file 1494 you indicated. This command should only be used in special setups.</para> 1357 1495 </sect1> 1358 1496 … … 1400 1538 can view the virtual machine settings that were stored with an existing 1401 1539 snapshot.</para> 1402 </sect1>1403 1404 <sect1 id="vboxmanage-storage">1405 <title>VBoxManage storagectl / storageattach</title>1406 1407 <para>These commands allow to attach new storage controllers to a VM,1408 modify or remove the existing ones and also allows the user to change the1409 hard disk, DVD or floppy images attached to them. The list of the storage1410 controllers attached to the VM can be found by the command:</para>1411 1412 <screen>VBoxManage showvminfo <vmname></screen>1413 1414 <para>See also <xref linkend="vboxmanage-showvminfo" />.</para>1415 1416 <sect2 id="vboxmanage-storagectl">1417 <title>VBoxManage storagectl</title>1418 1419 <para>This command attaches/modifies/removes a storage controller. The1420 syntax is as follows:</para>1421 1422 <screen>VBoxManage storagectl <uuid|vmname>1423 --name <name>1424 [--add <ide/sata/scsi/floppy>]1425 [--controller <LsiLogic/BusLogic/IntelAhci/PIIX3/1426 PIIX4/ICH6/I8207>]1427 [--sataideemulation<1-4> <1-30>]1428 [--sataportcount <1-30>]1429 [--hostiocache on|off]1430 [--remove]</screen>1431 1432 <para>where the parameters mean: <glosslist>1433 <glossentry>1434 <glossterm>uuid|vmname</glossterm>1435 1436 <glossdef>1437 <para>The VM UUID or VM Name. Mandatory.</para>1438 </glossdef>1439 </glossentry>1440 1441 <glossentry>1442 <glossterm>name</glossterm>1443 1444 <glossdef>1445 <para>Name of the storage controller. Mandatory.</para>1446 </glossdef>1447 </glossentry>1448 1449 <glossentry>1450 <glossterm>add</glossterm>1451 1452 <glossdef>1453 <para>Define the type of the system bus to which the storage1454 controller must be connected.</para>1455 </glossdef>1456 </glossentry>1457 1458 <glossentry>1459 <glossterm>controller</glossterm>1460 1461 <glossdef>1462 <para>Allows to choose the type of chipset being emulated for1463 the given storage controller.</para>1464 </glossdef>1465 </glossentry>1466 1467 <glossentry>1468 <glossterm>sataideemulation</glossterm>1469 1470 <glossdef>1471 <para>This specifies which SATA ports should operate in IDE1472 emulation mode. As explained in <xref1473 linkend="harddiskcontrollers" />, by default, this is the case1474 for SATA ports 1-4; with this command, you can map four IDE1475 channels to any of the 30 supported SATA ports.</para>1476 </glossdef>1477 </glossentry>1478 1479 <glossentry>1480 <glossterm>sataportcount</glossterm>1481 1482 <glossdef>1483 <para>This determines how many ports the SATA controller should1484 support.</para>1485 </glossdef>1486 </glossentry>1487 1488 <glossentry>1489 <glossterm>hostiocache</glossterm>1490 1491 <glossdef>1492 <para>Configures the use of the host I/O cache for all disk1493 images attached to this storage controller. For details, please1494 see <xref linkend="iocaching" />.</para>1495 </glossdef>1496 </glossentry>1497 1498 <glossentry>1499 <glossterm>remove</glossterm>1500 1501 <glossdef>1502 <para>Removes the storage controller from the VM config.</para>1503 </glossdef>1504 </glossentry>1505 </glosslist></para>1506 </sect2>1507 1508 <sect2>1509 <title>VBoxManage storageattach</title>1510 1511 <para>This command attaches/modifies/removes a storage medium connected1512 to the storage controller named by --storagectl. The syntax is as1513 follows:</para>1514 1515 <screen>VBoxManage storageattach <uuid|vmname>1516 --storagectl <name>1517 --port <number>1518 --device <number>1519 [--type dvddrive|hdd|fdd1520 --medium none|emptydrive|uuid|filename|host:<drive>]1521 [--passthrough on|off]1522 [--forceunmount]</screen>1523 1524 <para>where the parameters mean: <glosslist>1525 <glossentry>1526 <glossterm>uuid|vmname</glossterm>1527 1528 <glossdef>1529 <para>The VM UUID or VM Name. Mandatory.</para>1530 </glossdef>1531 </glossentry>1532 1533 <glossentry>1534 <glossterm>storagectl</glossterm>1535 1536 <glossdef>1537 <para>Name of the storage controller. Mandatory.</para>1538 </glossdef>1539 </glossentry>1540 1541 <glossentry>1542 <glossterm>port</glossterm>1543 1544 <glossdef>1545 <para>Port number to which the medium has to be1546 attached/detached/modified. Mandatory.</para>1547 </glossdef>1548 </glossentry>1549 1550 <glossentry>1551 <glossterm>device</glossterm>1552 1553 <glossdef>1554 <para>Device Number to which the medium has to be1555 attached/detached/modified. Mandatory.</para>1556 </glossdef>1557 </glossentry>1558 1559 <glossentry>1560 <glossterm>type</glossterm>1561 1562 <glossdef>1563 <para>Define the type of the drive to which the medium is being1564 attached/detached/modified.</para>1565 </glossdef>1566 </glossentry>1567 1568 <glossentry>1569 <glossterm>medium</glossterm>1570 1571 <glossdef>1572 <para>Specifies what is to be attached. The following values are1573 supported:<itemizedlist>1574 <listitem>1575 <para>"none": Any existing device should be removed from1576 the given slot.</para>1577 1578 <note>1579 <para>DVD/floppy drives or harddisks cannot be removed1580 while the VM is running.</para>1581 </note>1582 </listitem>1583 1584 <listitem>1585 <para>"emptydrive": This is only allowed if the given slot1586 is a DVD or floppy drive. In this case, the slot behaves1587 like a removeable drive into which no media has been1588 inserted.</para>1589 </listitem>1590 1591 <listitem>1592 <para>If a UUID is specified, it must be the UUID of a1593 storage medium that is already known to VirtualBox (e.g.1594 because it has been attached to another virtual machine).1595 This medium is then attached to the given device1596 slot.</para>1597 </listitem>1598 1599 <listitem>1600 <para>If a filename is specified, it must be the full path1601 of an existing disk image (ISO, RAW, VDI, VMDK or other),1602 which is then attached to the given device slot.</para>1603 </listitem>1604 1605 <listitem>1606 <para>"host:<drive>: This is only allowed if the1607 given slot is a DVD or floppy drive, in which case the1608 device slot is attached to the specified DVD or floppy1609 drive on the host computer.</para>1610 </listitem>1611 </itemizedlist></para>1612 </glossdef>1613 </glossentry>1614 1615 <glossentry>1616 <glossterm>passthrough</glossterm>1617 1618 <glossdef>1619 <para>With this, you can enable DVD writing support (currently1620 experimental; see <xref linkend="storage-write-cds" />).</para>1621 </glossdef>1622 </glossentry>1623 1624 <glossentry>1625 <glossterm>forceunmount</glossterm>1626 1627 <glossdef>1628 <para>If this option is specified then you can unmount the1629 DVD/CD/Floppy or mount a new DVD/CD/Floppy even if the previous1630 one is locked down by the guest for reading.</para>1631 </glossdef>1632 </glossentry>1633 </glosslist></para>1634 </sect2>1635 </sect1>1636 1637 <sect1>1638 <title>VBoxManage showhdinfo</title>1639 1640 <para>This command shows information about a virtual hard disk image,1641 notably its size, its size on disk, its type and the VM it is in use1642 by.<note>1643 <para>For compatibility with earlier versions of VirtualBox, the1644 "showvdiinfo" command is also supported and mapped internally to the1645 "showhdinfo" command.</para>1646 </note></para>1647 </sect1>1648 1649 <sect1 id="vboxmanage-createvdi">1650 <title>VBoxManage createhd</title>1651 1652 <para>This command creates a new virtual hard disk image. The syntax is as1653 follows:</para>1654 1655 <screen>VBoxManage createhd --filename <filename>1656 --size <megabytes>1657 [--format VDI|VMDK|VHD] (default: VDI)1658 [--variant Standard,Fixed,Split2G,Stream,ESX]1659 [--type normal|writethrough] (default: normal)1660 [--comment <comment>]1661 [--remember]</screen>1662 1663 <para>where the parameters mean:<glosslist>1664 <glossentry>1665 <glossterm>filename</glossterm>1666 1667 <glossdef>1668 <para>Allows to choose a file name. Mandatory.</para>1669 </glossdef>1670 </glossentry>1671 1672 <glossentry>1673 <glossterm>size</glossterm>1674 1675 <glossdef>1676 <para>Allows to define the image capacity, in 1 MiB units.1677 Mandatory.</para>1678 </glossdef>1679 </glossentry>1680 1681 <glossentry>1682 <glossterm>format</glossterm>1683 1684 <glossdef>1685 <para>Allows to choose a file format for the output file different1686 from the file format of the input file.</para>1687 </glossdef>1688 </glossentry>1689 1690 <glossentry>1691 <glossterm>variant</glossterm>1692 1693 <glossdef>1694 <para>Allows to choose a file format variant for the output file.1695 It is a comma-separated list of variant flags. Not all1696 combinations are supported, and specifying inconsistent flags will1697 result in an error message.</para>1698 </glossdef>1699 </glossentry>1700 1701 <glossentry>1702 <glossterm>type</glossterm>1703 1704 <glossdef>1705 <para>Only honored if --remember is also specified. Defines what1706 kind of hard disk type this image should be.</para>1707 </glossdef>1708 </glossentry>1709 1710 <glossentry>1711 <glossterm>comment</glossterm>1712 1713 <glossdef>1714 <para>Allows to attach a comment to the image.</para>1715 </glossdef>1716 </glossentry>1717 1718 <glossentry>1719 <glossterm>remember</glossterm>1720 1721 <glossdef>1722 <para>Keep the destination image registered after it was1723 successfully written.</para>1724 </glossdef>1725 </glossentry>1726 </glosslist> <note>1727 <para>For compatibility with earlier versions of VirtualBox, the1728 "createvdi" command is also supported and mapped internally to the1729 "createhd" command.</para>1730 </note></para>1731 </sect1>1732 1733 <sect1 id="vboxmanage-modifyvdi">1734 <title>VBoxManage modifyhd</title>1735 1736 <para>With the <computeroutput>modifyhd</computeroutput> command, you can1737 change the type of an existing image between the normal, immutable and1738 write-through modes; see <xref linkend="hdimagewrites" /> for1739 details.<note>1740 <para>For compatibility with earlier versions of VirtualBox, the1741 "modifyvdi" command is also supported and mapped internally to the1742 "modifyhd" command.</para>1743 </note></para>1744 1745 <para>For immutable (differencing) hard disks only, the1746 <computeroutput>modifyhd autoreset on|off</computeroutput> command1747 determines whether the disk is automatically reset on every VM startup1748 (again, see <xref linkend="hdimagewrites" />). The default is "on".</para>1749 1750 <para>In addition, the <computeroutput>modifyhd --compact</computeroutput>1751 command can be used to compact disk images, i.e. remove blocks that only1752 contains zeroes. For this operation to be effective, it is required to1753 zero out free space in the guest system using a suitable software tool.1754 Microsoft provides the <computeroutput>sdelete</computeroutput> tool for1755 Windows guests. Execute <computeroutput>sdelete -c</computeroutput> in the1756 guest to zero the free disk space before compressing the virtual disk1757 image. Compaction works both for base images and for diff images created1758 as part of a snapshot.</para>1759 </sect1>1760 1761 <sect1 id="vboxmanage-clonevdi">1762 <title>VBoxManage clonehd</title>1763 1764 <para>This command duplicates a registered virtual hard disk image to a1765 new image file with a new unique identifier (UUID). The new image can be1766 transferred to another host system or imported into VirtualBox again using1767 the Virtual Media Manager; see <xref linkend="vdis" /> and <xref1768 linkend="cloningvdis" />. The syntax is as follows:</para>1769 1770 <screen>VBoxManage clonehd <uuid>|<filename> <outputfile>1771 [--format VDI|VMDK|VHD|RAW|<other>]1772 [--variant Standard,Fixed,Split2G,Stream,ESX]1773 [--type normal|writethrough|immutable]1774 [--remember]</screen>1775 1776 <para>where the parameters mean:<glosslist>1777 <glossentry>1778 <glossterm>format</glossterm>1779 1780 <glossdef>1781 <para>Allow to choose a file format for the output file different1782 from the file format of the input file.</para>1783 </glossdef>1784 </glossentry>1785 1786 <glossentry>1787 <glossterm>variant</glossterm>1788 1789 <glossdef>1790 <para>Allow to choose a file format variant for the output file.1791 It is a comma-separated list of variant flags. Not all1792 combinations are supported, and specifying inconsistent flags will1793 result in an error message.</para>1794 </glossdef>1795 </glossentry>1796 1797 <glossentry>1798 <glossterm>type</glossterm>1799 1800 <glossdef>1801 <para>Only honored if --remember is also specified. Defines what1802 kind of hard disk type this image should be.</para>1803 </glossdef>1804 </glossentry>1805 1806 <glossentry>1807 <glossterm>remember</glossterm>1808 1809 <glossdef>1810 <para>Keep the destination image registered after it was1811 successfully written.</para>1812 </glossdef>1813 </glossentry>1814 </glosslist> <note>1815 <para>For compatibility with earlier versions of VirtualBox, the1816 "clonevdi" command is also supported and mapped internally to the1817 "clonehd" command.</para>1818 </note></para>1819 </sect1>1820 1821 <sect1>1822 <title>VBoxManage convertfromraw</title>1823 1824 <para>This command converts a raw disk image to a VirtualBox Disk Image1825 (VDI) file. The syntax is as follows:</para>1826 1827 <screen>VBoxManage convertfromraw <filename> <outputfile>1828 [--format VDI|VMDK|VHD]1829 [--variant Standard,Fixed,Split2G,Stream,ESX]1830 VBoxManage convertfromraw stdin <outputfile> <bytes>1831 [--format VDI|VMDK|VHD]1832 [--variant Standard,Fixed,Split2G,Stream,ESX]</screen>1833 1834 <para>where the parameters mean:<glosslist>1835 <glossentry>1836 <glossterm>format</glossterm>1837 1838 <glossdef>1839 <para>Select the disk image format to create. Default is1840 VDI.</para>1841 </glossdef>1842 </glossentry>1843 1844 <glossentry>1845 <glossterm>variant</glossterm>1846 1847 <glossdef>1848 <para>Allow to choose a file format variant for the output file.1849 It is a comma-separated list of variant flags. Not all1850 combinations are supported, and specifying inconsistent flags will1851 result in an error message.</para>1852 </glossdef>1853 </glossentry>1854 </glosslist> The second form forces VBoxManage to read the content for1855 the disk image from standard input (useful for using that command in a1856 pipe).</para>1857 1858 <para><note>1859 <para>For compatibility with earlier versions of VirtualBox, the1860 "convertdd" command is also supported and mapped internally to the1861 "convertfromraw" command.</para>1862 </note></para>1863 </sect1>1864 1865 <sect1 id="vboxmanage-addiscsidisk">1866 <title>VBoxManage addiscsidisk</title>1867 1868 <para>The <computeroutput>addiscsidisk</computeroutput> command attaches1869 an iSCSI network storage unit to VirtualBox. The iSCSI target can then be1870 made available to and used by a virtual machine as though it were a1871 standard write-through virtual disk image.</para>1872 1873 <para>This command has the following syntax:<screen>VBoxManage addiscsidisk --server <name>|<ip>1874 --target <target>1875 [--port <port>]1876 [--lun <lun>]1877 [--username <username>]1878 [--password <password>]1879 [--type normal|writethrough|immutable]1880 [--comment <comment>]1881 [--intnet]</screen></para>1882 1883 <para>where the parameters mean:<glosslist>1884 <glossentry>1885 <glossterm>server</glossterm>1886 1887 <glossdef>1888 <para>The host name or IP address of the iSCSI target.</para>1889 </glossdef>1890 </glossentry>1891 1892 <glossentry>1893 <glossterm>target</glossterm>1894 1895 <glossdef>1896 <para>Target name string. This is determined by the iSCSI target1897 and used to identify the storage resource.</para>1898 </glossdef>1899 </glossentry>1900 1901 <glossentry>1902 <glossterm>port</glossterm>1903 1904 <glossdef>1905 <para>TCP/IP port number of the iSCSI service on the target1906 (optional).</para>1907 </glossdef>1908 </glossentry>1909 1910 <glossentry>1911 <glossterm>lun</glossterm>1912 1913 <glossdef>1914 <para>Logical Unit Number of the target resource (optional).1915 Often, this value is zero.</para>1916 </glossdef>1917 </glossentry>1918 1919 <glossentry>1920 <glossterm>username, password</glossterm>1921 1922 <glossdef>1923 <para>Username and password for target authentication, if required1924 (optional).<note>1925 <para>Currently, username and password are stored without1926 encryption (i.e. in cleartext) in the machine configuration1927 file.</para>1928 </note></para>1929 </glossdef>1930 </glossentry>1931 1932 <glossentry>1933 <glossterm>type</glossterm>1934 1935 <glossdef>1936 <para>Defines what kind of hard disk type this image should1937 be.</para>1938 </glossdef>1939 </glossentry>1940 1941 <glossentry>1942 <glossterm>comment</glossterm>1943 1944 <glossdef>1945 <para>Any description that you want to have stored with this item1946 (optional; e.g. "Big storage server downstairs"). This is stored1947 internally only and not needed for operation.</para>1948 </glossdef>1949 </glossentry>1950 1951 <glossentry>1952 <glossterm>intnet</glossterm>1953 1954 <glossdef>1955 <para>Connect to the iSCSI target via Internal Networking. This1956 needs further configuration which is described in <xref1957 linkend="iscsi-intnet" />.</para>1958 </glossdef>1959 </glossentry>1960 </glosslist></para>1961 1540 </sect1> 1962 1541 … … 1981 1560 1982 1561 <sect1> 1562 <title id="vboxmanage-storageattach">VBoxManage storageattach</title> 1563 1564 <para>This command attaches/modifies/removes a storage medium connected to 1565 a storage controller that was previously added with the 1566 <computeroutput>storagectl</computeroutput> command (see the previous 1567 section). The syntax is as follows:</para> 1568 1569 <screen>VBoxManage storageattach <uuid|vmname> 1570 --storagectl <name> 1571 [--port <number>] 1572 [--device <number>] 1573 [--type dvddrive|hdd|fdd] 1574 [--medium none|emptydrive| 1575 <uuid>|<filename>|host:<drive>|iscsi] 1576 [--mtype normal|writethrough|immutable|shareable] 1577 [--comment <text>] 1578 [--setuuid <uuid>] 1579 [--setparentuuid <uuid>] 1580 [--passthrough on|off] 1581 [--tempeject on|off] 1582 [--bandwidthgroup name|none] 1583 [--forceunmount] 1584 [--server <name>|<ip>] 1585 [--target <target>] 1586 [--tport <port>] 1587 [--lun <lun>] 1588 [--encodedlun <lun>] 1589 [--username <username>] 1590 [--password <password>] 1591 [--intnet] 1592 </screen> 1593 1594 <para>A number of parameters are commonly required; the ones at the end of 1595 the list are required only for iSCSI targets (see below).</para> 1596 1597 <para>The common parameters are:<glosslist> 1598 <glossentry> 1599 <glossterm>uuid|vmname</glossterm> 1600 1601 <glossdef> 1602 <para>The VM UUID or VM Name. Mandatory.</para> 1603 </glossdef> 1604 </glossentry> 1605 1606 <glossentry> 1607 <glossterm>storagectl</glossterm> 1608 1609 <glossdef> 1610 <para>Name of the storage controller. Mandatory. The list of the 1611 storage controllers currently attached to a VM can be obtained 1612 with <computeroutput>VBoxManage showvminfo</computeroutput>; see 1613 <xref linkend="vboxmanage-showvminfo" />.</para> 1614 </glossdef> 1615 </glossentry> 1616 1617 <glossentry> 1618 <glossterm>port</glossterm> 1619 1620 <glossdef> 1621 <para>The number of the storage controller's port which is to be 1622 modified. Mandatory, unless the storage controller has only a 1623 single port.</para> 1624 </glossdef> 1625 </glossentry> 1626 1627 <glossentry> 1628 <glossterm>device</glossterm> 1629 1630 <glossdef> 1631 <para>The number of the port's device which is to be modified. 1632 Mandatory, unless the storage controller has only a single device 1633 per port.</para> 1634 </glossdef> 1635 </glossentry> 1636 1637 <glossentry> 1638 <glossterm>type</glossterm> 1639 1640 <glossdef> 1641 <para>Define the type of the drive to which the medium is being 1642 attached/detached/modified. This argument can only be omitted if 1643 the type of medium can be determined from either the medium given 1644 with the <computeroutput>--medium</computeroutput> argument or 1645 from a previous medium attachment.</para> 1646 </glossdef> 1647 </glossentry> 1648 1649 <glossentry> 1650 <glossterm>medium</glossterm> 1651 1652 <glossdef> 1653 <para>Specifies what is to be attached. The following values are 1654 supported:<itemizedlist> 1655 <listitem> 1656 <para>"none": Any existing device should be removed from the 1657 given slot.</para> 1658 </listitem> 1659 1660 <listitem> 1661 <para>"emptydrive": For a virtual DVD or floppy drive only, 1662 this makes the device slot behaves like a removeable drive 1663 into which no media has been inserted.</para> 1664 </listitem> 1665 1666 <listitem> 1667 <para>If a UUID is specified, it must be the UUID of a 1668 storage medium that is already known to VirtualBox (e.g. 1669 because it has been attached to another virtual machine). 1670 See <xref linkend="vboxmanage-list" /> for how to list known 1671 media. This medium is then attached to the given device 1672 slot.</para> 1673 </listitem> 1674 1675 <listitem> 1676 <para>If a filename is specified, it must be the full path 1677 of an existing disk image (ISO, RAW, VDI, VMDK or other), 1678 which is then attached to the given device slot.</para> 1679 </listitem> 1680 1681 <listitem> 1682 <para>"host:<drive>": For a virtual DVD or floppy 1683 drive only, this connects the given device slot to the 1684 specified DVD or floppy drive on the host computer.</para> 1685 </listitem> 1686 1687 <listitem> 1688 <para>"iscsi": For virtual hard disks only, this allows for 1689 specifying an iSCSI target. In this case, more parameters 1690 must be given; see below.</para> 1691 </listitem> 1692 </itemizedlist></para> 1693 1694 <para>Some of the above changes, in particular for removeable 1695 media (floppies and CDs/DVDs), can be effected while a VM is 1696 running. Others (device changes or changes in hard disk device 1697 slots) require the VM to be powered off.</para> 1698 </glossdef> 1699 </glossentry> 1700 1701 <glossentry> 1702 <glossterm>mtype</glossterm> 1703 1704 <glossdef> 1705 <para>Defines how this medium behaves with respect to snapshots 1706 and write operations. See <xref linkend="hdimagewrites" /> for 1707 details.</para> 1708 </glossdef> 1709 </glossentry> 1710 1711 <glossentry> 1712 <glossterm>comment</glossterm> 1713 1714 <glossdef> 1715 <para>Any description that you want to have stored with this 1716 medium (optional; for example, for an iSCSI target, "Big storage 1717 server downstairs"). This is purely descriptive and not needed for 1718 the medium to function correctly.</para> 1719 </glossdef> 1720 </glossentry> 1721 1722 <glossentry> 1723 <glossterm>setuuid, setparentuuid</glossterm> 1724 1725 <glossdef> 1726 <para>Modifies the UUID or parent UUID of a medium before 1727 attaching it to a VM. This is an expert option. Inappropriate use 1728 can make the medium unusable or lead to broken VM configurations 1729 if any other VM is referring to the same media already. The most 1730 frequently used variant is <code>--setuuid ""</code>, which assigns 1731 a new (random) UUID to an image. This is useful to resolve the 1732 duplicate UUID errors if one duplicated an image using file copy 1733 utilities.</para> 1734 </glossdef> 1735 </glossentry> 1736 1737 <glossentry> 1738 <glossterm>passthrough</glossterm> 1739 1740 <glossdef> 1741 <para>For a virtual DVD drive only, you can enable DVD writing 1742 support (currently experimental; see <xref 1743 linkend="storage-cds" />).</para> 1744 </glossdef> 1745 </glossentry> 1746 1747 <glossentry> 1748 <glossterm>tempeject</glossterm> 1749 1750 <glossdef> 1751 <para>For a virtual DVD drive only, you can configure the behavior 1752 for guest-triggered medium eject. If this is set to "on", the eject 1753 has only temporary effects. If the VM is powered off and restarted 1754 the originally configured medium will be still in the drive.</para> 1755 </glossdef> 1756 </glossentry> 1757 1758 <glossentry> 1759 <glossterm>bandwidthgroup</glossterm> 1760 1761 <glossdef> 1762 <para>Sets the bandwidth group to use for the given device; see 1763 <xref linkend="storage-bandwidth-limit" />.</para> 1764 </glossdef> 1765 </glossentry> 1766 1767 <glossentry> 1768 <glossterm>forceunmount</glossterm> 1769 1770 <glossdef> 1771 <para>For a virtual DVD or floppy drive only, this forcibly 1772 unmounts the DVD/CD/Floppy or mounts a new DVD/CD/Floppy even if 1773 the previous one is locked down by the guest for reading. Again, 1774 see <xref linkend="storage-cds" /> for details.</para> 1775 </glossdef> 1776 </glossentry> 1777 </glosslist></para> 1778 1779 <para>When "iscsi" is used with the 1780 <computeroutput>--medium</computeroutput> parameter for iSCSI support -- 1781 see <xref linkend="storage-iscsi" /> --, additional parameters must or can 1782 be used:<glosslist> 1783 <glossentry> 1784 <glossterm>server</glossterm> 1785 1786 <glossdef> 1787 <para>The host name or IP address of the iSCSI target; 1788 required.</para> 1789 </glossdef> 1790 </glossentry> 1791 1792 <glossentry> 1793 <glossterm>target</glossterm> 1794 1795 <glossdef> 1796 <para>Target name string. This is determined by the iSCSI target 1797 and used to identify the storage resource; required.</para> 1798 </glossdef> 1799 </glossentry> 1800 1801 <glossentry> 1802 <glossterm>port</glossterm> 1803 1804 <glossdef> 1805 <para>TCP/IP port number of the iSCSI service on the target 1806 (optional).</para> 1807 </glossdef> 1808 </glossentry> 1809 1810 <glossentry> 1811 <glossterm>lun</glossterm> 1812 1813 <glossdef> 1814 <para>Logical Unit Number of the target resource (optional). 1815 Often, this value is zero.</para> 1816 </glossdef> 1817 </glossentry> 1818 1819 <glossentry> 1820 <glossterm>username, password</glossterm> 1821 1822 <glossdef> 1823 <para>Username and password for target authentication, if required 1824 (optional).<note> 1825 <para>Currently, username and password are stored without 1826 encryption (i.e. in clear text) in the XML machine 1827 configuration file.</para> 1828 </note></para> 1829 </glossdef> 1830 </glossentry> 1831 1832 <glossentry> 1833 <glossterm>intnet</glossterm> 1834 1835 <glossdef> 1836 <para>If specified, connect to the iSCSI target via Internal 1837 Networking. This needs further configuration which is described in 1838 <xref linkend="iscsi-intnet" />.</para> 1839 </glossdef> 1840 </glossentry> 1841 </glosslist></para> 1842 </sect1> 1843 1844 <sect1 id="vboxmanage-storagectl"> 1845 <title>VBoxManage storagectl</title> 1846 1847 <para>This command attaches/modifies/removes a storage controller. After 1848 this, virtual media can be attached to the controller with the 1849 <computeroutput>storageattach</computeroutput> command (see the next 1850 section).</para> 1851 1852 <para>The syntax is as follows:</para> 1853 1854 <screen>VBoxManage storagectl <uuid|vmname> 1855 --name <name> 1856 [--add <ide/sata/scsi/floppy>] 1857 [--controller <LsiLogic|LSILogicSAS|BusLogic| 1858 IntelAhci|PIIX3|PIIX4|ICH6|I82078>] 1859 [--sataideemulation<1-4> <1-30>] 1860 [--sataportcount <1-30>] 1861 [--hostiocache on|off] 1862 [--bootable on|off] 1863 [--remove]</screen> 1864 1865 <para>where the parameters mean: <glosslist> 1866 <glossentry> 1867 <glossterm>uuid|vmname</glossterm> 1868 1869 <glossdef> 1870 <para>The VM UUID or VM Name. Mandatory.</para> 1871 </glossdef> 1872 </glossentry> 1873 1874 <glossentry> 1875 <glossterm>name</glossterm> 1876 1877 <glossdef> 1878 <para>Name of the storage controller. Mandatory.</para> 1879 </glossdef> 1880 </glossentry> 1881 1882 <glossentry> 1883 <glossterm>add</glossterm> 1884 1885 <glossdef> 1886 <para>Define the type of the system bus to which the storage 1887 controller must be connected.</para> 1888 </glossdef> 1889 </glossentry> 1890 1891 <glossentry> 1892 <glossterm>controller</glossterm> 1893 1894 <glossdef> 1895 <para>Allows to choose the type of chipset being emulated for the 1896 given storage controller.</para> 1897 </glossdef> 1898 </glossentry> 1899 1900 <glossentry> 1901 <glossterm>sataideemulation</glossterm> 1902 1903 <glossdef> 1904 <para>This specifies which SATA ports should operate in IDE 1905 emulation mode. As explained in <xref 1906 linkend="harddiskcontrollers" />, by default, this is the case for 1907 SATA ports 1-4; with this command, you can map four IDE channels 1908 to any of the 30 supported SATA ports.</para> 1909 </glossdef> 1910 </glossentry> 1911 1912 <glossentry> 1913 <glossterm>sataportcount</glossterm> 1914 1915 <glossdef> 1916 <para>This determines how many ports the SATA controller should 1917 support.</para> 1918 </glossdef> 1919 </glossentry> 1920 1921 <glossentry> 1922 <glossterm>hostiocache</glossterm> 1923 1924 <glossdef> 1925 <para>Configures the use of the host I/O cache for all disk images 1926 attached to this storage controller. For details, please see <xref 1927 linkend="iocaching" />.</para> 1928 </glossdef> 1929 </glossentry> 1930 1931 <glossentry> 1932 <glossterm>bootable</glossterm> 1933 1934 <glossdef> 1935 <para>Selects whether this controller is bootable.</para> 1936 </glossdef> 1937 </glossentry> 1938 1939 <glossentry> 1940 <glossterm>remove</glossterm> 1941 1942 <glossdef> 1943 <para>Removes the storage controller from the VM config.</para> 1944 </glossdef> 1945 </glossentry> 1946 </glosslist></para> 1947 </sect1> 1948 1949 <sect1> 1950 <title>VBoxManage bandwidthctl</title> 1951 1952 <para>This command creates/deletes/modifies bandwidth groups of the given 1953 virtual machine:<screen>VBoxManage bandwidthctl <uuid|vmname> 1954 --name <name> 1955 [--add disk 1956 [--delete] 1957 [--limit MB/s]</screen></para> 1958 1959 <para>See <xref linkend="storage-bandwidth-limit" /> for an introduction 1960 to bandwidth limits. The parameters mean:<glosslist> 1961 <glossentry> 1962 <glossterm>uuid|vmname</glossterm> 1963 1964 <glossdef> 1965 <para>The VM UUID or VM Name. Mandatory.</para> 1966 </glossdef> 1967 </glossentry> 1968 1969 <glossentry> 1970 <glossterm>name</glossterm> 1971 1972 <glossdef> 1973 <para>Name of the bandwidth group. Mandatory.</para> 1974 </glossdef> 1975 </glossentry> 1976 1977 <glossentry> 1978 <glossterm>add</glossterm> 1979 1980 <glossdef> 1981 <para>Creates a new bandwdith group with the given type.</para> 1982 </glossdef> 1983 </glossentry> 1984 1985 <glossentry> 1986 <glossterm>delete</glossterm> 1987 1988 <glossdef> 1989 <para>Deletes a bandwdith group if it isn't used anymore.</para> 1990 </glossdef> 1991 </glossentry> 1992 1993 <glossentry> 1994 <glossterm>limit</glossterm> 1995 1996 <glossdef> 1997 <para>Sets the limit for the given group to the specified amount. 1998 Can be changed while the VM is running.</para> 1999 </glossdef> 2000 </glossentry> 2001 </glosslist></para> 2002 </sect1> 2003 2004 <sect1> 2005 <title>VBoxManage showhdinfo</title> 2006 2007 <para>This command shows information about a virtual hard disk image, 2008 notably its size, its size on disk, its type and the virtual machines 2009 which use it.<note> 2010 <para>For compatibility with earlier versions of VirtualBox, the 2011 "showvdiinfo" command is also supported and mapped internally to the 2012 "showhdinfo" command.</para> 2013 </note></para> 2014 <para>The disk image must be specified either by its UUID (if the medium 2015 is registered) or by its filename. Registered images can be listed by 2016 <computeroutput>VBoxManage list hdds</computeroutput> (see <xref linkend="vboxmanage-list" /> 2017 for more information). A filename must be specified as valid path, either 2018 as an absolute path or as a relative path starting from the current 2019 directory.</para> 2020 </sect1> 2021 2022 <sect1 id="vboxmanage-createvdi"> 2023 <title>VBoxManage createhd</title> 2024 2025 <para>This command creates a new virtual hard disk image. The syntax is as 2026 follows:</para> 2027 2028 <screen>VBoxManage createhd --filename <filename> 2029 --size <megabytes> 2030 [--format VDI|VMDK|VHD] (default: VDI) 2031 [--variant Standard,Fixed,Split2G,Stream,ESX]</screen> 2032 2033 <para>where the parameters mean:<glosslist> 2034 <glossentry> 2035 <glossterm>filename</glossterm> 2036 2037 <glossdef> 2038 <para>Allows to choose a file name. Mandatory.</para> 2039 </glossdef> 2040 </glossentry> 2041 2042 <glossentry> 2043 <glossterm>size</glossterm> 2044 2045 <glossdef> 2046 <para>Allows to define the image capacity, in 1 MiB units. 2047 Mandatory.</para> 2048 </glossdef> 2049 </glossentry> 2050 2051 <glossentry> 2052 <glossterm>format</glossterm> 2053 2054 <glossdef> 2055 <para>Allows to choose a file format for the output file different 2056 from the file format of the input file.</para> 2057 </glossdef> 2058 </glossentry> 2059 2060 <glossentry> 2061 <glossterm>variant</glossterm> 2062 2063 <glossdef> 2064 <para>Allows to choose a file format variant for the output file. 2065 It is a comma-separated list of variant flags. Not all 2066 combinations are supported, and specifying inconsistent flags will 2067 result in an error message.</para> 2068 </glossdef> 2069 </glossentry> 2070 </glosslist> <note> 2071 <para>For compatibility with earlier versions of VirtualBox, the 2072 "createvdi" command is also supported and mapped internally to the 2073 "createhd" command.</para> 2074 </note></para> 2075 </sect1> 2076 2077 <sect1 id="vboxmanage-modifyvdi"> 2078 <title>VBoxManage modifyhd</title> 2079 2080 <para>With the <computeroutput>modifyhd</computeroutput> command, you can 2081 change the characteristics of a disk image after it has been 2082 created:<screen>VBoxManage modifyhd <uuid>|<filename> 2083 [--type normal|writethrough|immutable|shareable| 2084 readonly|multiattach] 2085 [--autoreset on|off] 2086 [--compact] 2087 [--resize <megabytes>|--resizebyte <bytes>]</screen><note> 2088 <para>Despite the "hd" in the subcommand name, the command works with 2089 all disk images, not only hard disks. For compatibility with earlier 2090 versions of VirtualBox, the "modifyvdi" command is also supported and 2091 mapped internally to the "modifyhd" command.</para> 2092 </note></para> 2093 2094 <para>The disk image to modify must be specified either by its UUID 2095 (if the medium is registered) or by its filename. Registered images 2096 can be listed by <computeroutput>VBoxManage list hdds</computeroutput> 2097 (see <xref linkend="vboxmanage-list" /> for more information). 2098 A filename must be specified as valid path, either as an absolute path 2099 or as a relative path starting from the current directory.</para> 2100 <para>The following options are available:<itemizedlist> 2101 <listitem> 2102 <para>With the <computeroutput>--type</computeroutput> argument, you 2103 can change the type of an existing image between the normal, 2104 immutable, write-through and other modes; see <xref 2105 linkend="hdimagewrites" /> for details.</para> 2106 </listitem> 2107 2108 <listitem> 2109 <para>For immutable (differencing) hard disks only, the 2110 <computeroutput>--autoreset on|off</computeroutput> option 2111 determines whether the disk is automatically reset on every VM 2112 startup (again, see <xref linkend="hdimagewrites" />). The default 2113 is "on".</para> 2114 </listitem> 2115 2116 <listitem> 2117 <para>With the <computeroutput>--compact</computeroutput> option, 2118 can be used to compact disk images, i.e. remove blocks that only 2119 contains zeroes. This will shrink a dynamically allocated image 2120 again; it will reduce the <emphasis>physical</emphasis> size of the 2121 image without affecting the logical size of the virtual disk. 2122 Compaction works both for base images and for diff images created as 2123 part of a snapshot.</para> 2124 2125 <para>For this operation to be effective, it is required that free 2126 space in the guest system first be zeroed out using a suitable 2127 software tool. For Windows guests, you can use the 2128 <computeroutput>sdelete</computeroutput> tool provided by Microsoft. 2129 Execute <computeroutput>sdelete -c</computeroutput> in the guest to 2130 zero the free disk space before compressing the virtual disk 2131 image. For Linux, use the <code>zerofree</code> utility which 2132 supports ext2/ext3 filesystems.</para> 2133 2134 <para>Please note that compacting is currently only available for 2135 VDI images. A similar effect can be achieved by zeroing out free 2136 blocks and then cloning the disk to any other dynamically allocated 2137 format. You can use this workaround until compacting is also 2138 supported for disk formats other than VDI.</para> 2139 </listitem> 2140 2141 <listitem> 2142 <para>The <computeroutput>--resize</computeroutput> option allows you 2143 to change the capacity of an existing image; this adjusts the 2144 <emphasis>logical</emphasis> size of a virtual disk without affecting 2145 the physical size much.<footnote> 2146 <para>Image resizing was added with VirtualBox 4.0.</para> 2147 </footnote> This currently works only for expanding the capacity of 2148 VDI and VHD formats, and only for the dynamically allocated variants. 2149 For example, if you originally created a 10G disk which is now full, 2150 you can use the <computeroutput>--resize 15360</computeroutput> 2151 command to add 5 GByte more space to the virtual disk without 2152 having to create a new image and copy all data from within a virtual 2153 machine.</para> 2154 </listitem> 2155 </itemizedlist></para> 2156 </sect1> 2157 2158 <sect1 id="vboxmanage-clonevdi"> 2159 <title>VBoxManage clonehd</title> 2160 2161 <para>This command duplicates a registered virtual hard disk image to a 2162 new image file with a new unique identifier (UUID). The new image can be 2163 transferred to another host system or imported into VirtualBox again using 2164 the Virtual Media Manager; see <xref linkend="vdis" /> and <xref 2165 linkend="cloningvdis" />. The syntax is as follows:</para> 2166 2167 <screen>VBoxManage clonehd <uuid>|<filename> <outputfile> 2168 [--format VDI|VMDK|VHD|RAW|<other>] 2169 [--variant Standard,Fixed,Split2G,Stream,ESX] 2170 [--existing]</screen> 2171 2172 <para>The disk image to clone as well as the target image must be described 2173 either by its UUIDs (if the mediums are registered) or by its filename. 2174 Registered images can be listed by <computeroutput>VBoxManage list hdds</computeroutput> 2175 (see <xref linkend="vboxmanage-list" /> for more information). 2176 A filename must be specified as valid path, either as an absolute path or 2177 as a relative path starting from the current directory.</para> 2178 <para>The following options are available:<glosslist> 2179 <glossentry> 2180 <glossterm>format</glossterm> 2181 2182 <glossdef> 2183 <para>Allow to choose a file format for the output file different 2184 from the file format of the input file.</para> 2185 </glossdef> 2186 </glossentry> 2187 2188 <glossentry> 2189 <glossterm>variant</glossterm> 2190 2191 <glossdef> 2192 <para>Allow to choose a file format variant for the output file. 2193 It is a comma-separated list of variant flags. Not all 2194 combinations are supported, and specifying inconsistent flags will 2195 result in an error message.</para> 2196 </glossdef> 2197 </glossentry> 2198 2199 <glossentry> 2200 <glossterm>existing</glossterm> 2201 2202 <glossdef> 2203 <para>Perform the clone operation to an already existing 2204 destination medium. Only the portion of the source medium which 2205 fits into the destination medium is copied. This means if the 2206 destination medium is smaller than the source only a part of it is 2207 copied, and if the destination medium is larger than the source 2208 the remaining part of the destination medium is unchanged.</para> 2209 </glossdef> 2210 </glossentry> 2211 </glosslist> <note> 2212 <para>For compatibility with earlier versions of VirtualBox, the 2213 "clonevdi" command is also supported and mapped internally to the 2214 "clonehd" command.</para> 2215 </note></para> 2216 </sect1> 2217 2218 <sect1> 2219 <title>VBoxManage convertfromraw</title> 2220 2221 <para>This command converts a raw disk image to a VirtualBox Disk Image 2222 (VDI) file. The syntax is as follows:</para> 2223 2224 <screen>VBoxManage convertfromraw <filename> <outputfile> 2225 [--format VDI|VMDK|VHD] 2226 [--variant Standard,Fixed,Split2G,Stream,ESX] 2227 VBoxManage convertfromraw stdin <outputfile> <bytes> 2228 [--format VDI|VMDK|VHD] 2229 [--variant Standard,Fixed,Split2G,Stream,ESX]</screen> 2230 2231 <para>where the parameters mean:<glosslist> 2232 <glossentry> 2233 <glossterm>format</glossterm> 2234 2235 <glossdef> 2236 <para>Select the disk image format to create. Default is 2237 VDI.</para> 2238 </glossdef> 2239 </glossentry> 2240 2241 <glossentry> 2242 <glossterm>variant</glossterm> 2243 2244 <glossdef> 2245 <para>Allow to choose a file format variant for the output file. 2246 It is a comma-separated list of variant flags. Not all 2247 combinations are supported, and specifying inconsistent flags will 2248 result in an error message.</para> 2249 </glossdef> 2250 </glossentry> 2251 </glosslist> The second form forces VBoxManage to read the content for 2252 the disk image from standard input (useful for using that command in a 2253 pipe).</para> 2254 2255 <para><note> 2256 <para>For compatibility with earlier versions of VirtualBox, the 2257 "convertdd" command is also supported and mapped internally to the 2258 "convertfromraw" command.</para> 2259 </note></para> 2260 </sect1> 2261 2262 <sect1> 1983 2263 <title>VBoxManage getextradata/setextradata</title> 1984 2264 … … 2007 2287 </sect1> 2008 2288 2009 <sect1 >2289 <sect1 id="vboxmanage-setproperty"> 2010 2290 <title>VBoxManage setproperty</title> 2011 2291 … … 2014 2294 in the "Global settings" dialog in the graphical user interface. The 2015 2295 following properties are available:<glosslist> 2016 <glossentry>2017 <glossterm>hdfolder</glossterm>2018 2019 <glossdef>2020 <para>This specifies the default folder that is used to keep disk2021 image files (.vdi, .vmdk, .vhd).</para>2022 </glossdef>2023 </glossentry>2024 2025 2296 <glossentry> 2026 2297 <glossterm>machinefolder</glossterm> … … 2119 2390 </sect1> 2120 2391 2121 <sect1 >2392 <sect1 id="vboxmanage-sharedfolder"> 2122 2393 <title>VBoxManage sharedfolder add/remove</title> 2123 2394 … … 2129 2400 <para>Shared folders are described in detail in <xref 2130 2401 linkend="sharedfolders" />.</para> 2402 </sect1> 2403 2404 <sect1 id="vboxmanage-guestproperty"> 2405 <title>VBoxManage guestproperty</title> 2406 2407 <para>The "guestproperty" commands allow you to get or set properties of a 2408 running virtual machine. Please see <xref linkend="guestadd-guestprops" /> 2409 for an introduction. As explained there, guest properties are arbitrary 2410 key/value string pairs which can be written to and read from by either the 2411 guest or the host, so they can be used as a low-volume communication 2412 channel for strings, provided that a guest is running and has the Guest 2413 Additions installed. In addition, a number of values whose keys begin with 2414 "/VirtualBox/" are automatically set and maintained by the Guest 2415 Additions.</para> 2416 2417 <para>The following subcommands are available (where 2418 <computeroutput><vm></computeroutput>, in each case, can either be a 2419 VM name or a VM UUID, as with the other VBoxManage commands):<itemizedlist> 2420 <listitem> 2421 <para><computeroutput>enumerate <vm> [--patterns 2422 <pattern>]</computeroutput>: This lists all the guest 2423 properties that are available for the given VM, including the value. 2424 This list will be very limited if the guest's service process cannot 2425 be contacted, e.g. because the VM is not running or the Guest 2426 Additions are not installed.</para> 2427 2428 <para>If <computeroutput>--patterns <pattern></computeroutput> 2429 is specified, it acts as a filter to only list properties that match 2430 the given pattern. The pattern can contain the following wildcard 2431 characters:<itemizedlist> 2432 <listitem> 2433 <para><computeroutput>*</computeroutput> (asterisk): 2434 represents any number of characters; for example, 2435 "<computeroutput>/VirtualBox*</computeroutput>" would match 2436 all properties beginning with "/VirtualBox".</para> 2437 </listitem> 2438 2439 <listitem> 2440 <para><computeroutput>?</computeroutput> (question mark): 2441 represents a single arbitrary character; for example, 2442 "<computeroutput>fo?</computeroutput>" would match both "foo" 2443 and "for".</para> 2444 </listitem> 2445 2446 <listitem> 2447 <para><computeroutput>|</computeroutput> (pipe symbol): can be 2448 used to specify multiple alternative patterns; for example, 2449 "<computeroutput>s*|t*</computeroutput>" would match anything 2450 starting with either "s" or "t".</para> 2451 </listitem> 2452 </itemizedlist></para> 2453 </listitem> 2454 2455 <listitem> 2456 <para><computeroutput>get <vm></computeroutput>: This 2457 retrieves the value of a single property only. If the property 2458 cannot be found (e.g. because the guest is not running), this will 2459 print <screen>No value set!</screen></para> 2460 </listitem> 2461 2462 <listitem> 2463 <para><computeroutput>set <vm> <property> [<value> 2464 [--flags <flags>]]</computeroutput>: This allows you to set a 2465 guest property by specifying the key and value. If 2466 <computeroutput><value></computeroutput> is omitted, the 2467 property is deleted. With <computeroutput>--flags</computeroutput> 2468 you can optionally specify additional behavior (you can combine 2469 several by separating them with commas):<itemizedlist> 2470 <listitem> 2471 <para><computeroutput>TRANSIENT</computeroutput>: the value 2472 will not be stored with the VM data when the VM exits;</para> 2473 </listitem> 2474 2475 <listitem> 2476 <para><computeroutput>TRANSRESET</computeroutput>: the value 2477 will be deleted as soon as the VM restarts and/or exits;</para> 2478 </listitem> 2479 2480 <listitem> 2481 <para><computeroutput>RDONLYGUEST</computeroutput>: the value 2482 can only be changed by the host, but the guest can only read 2483 it;</para> 2484 </listitem> 2485 2486 <listitem> 2487 <para><computeroutput>RDONLYHOST</computeroutput>: reversely, 2488 the value can only be changed by the guest, but the host can 2489 only read it;</para> 2490 </listitem> 2491 2492 <listitem> 2493 <para><computeroutput>READONLY</computeroutput>: a combination 2494 of the two, the value cannot be changed at all.</para> 2495 </listitem> 2496 </itemizedlist></para> 2497 </listitem> 2498 2499 <listitem> 2500 <para><computeroutput>wait <vm> <pattern> --timeout 2501 <timeout></computeroutput>: This waits for a particular value 2502 described by "pattern" to change or to be deleted or created. The 2503 pattern rules are the same as for the "enumerate" subcommand 2504 above.</para> 2505 </listitem> 2506 </itemizedlist></para> 2507 </sect1> 2508 2509 <sect1 id="vboxmanage-guestcontrol"> 2510 <title>VBoxManage guestcontrol</title> 2511 2512 <para>The "guestcontrol" commands allow you to control certain things 2513 inside a guest from the host. Please see <xref 2514 linkend="guestadd-guestcontrol" /> for an introduction.</para> 2515 2516 <para>Generally, the syntax is as follows:</para> 2517 2518 <screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol <command></screen> 2519 2520 <para>The following subcommands are available (where 2521 <computeroutput><vm></computeroutput>, in each case, can either be a 2522 VM name or a VM UUID, as with the other VBoxManage commands):<itemizedlist> 2523 <listitem> 2524 <para><computeroutput>execute</computeroutput>, which allows for 2525 executing a program/script (process) which is already installed and 2526 runnable on the guest. This command only works while a VM is up and 2527 running and has the following syntax:</para> 2528 2529 <screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol <vmname>|<uuid> exec[ute] 2530 --image <path to program> 2531 --username <name> --password <password> 2532 [--dos2unix] 2533 [--environment "<NAME>=<VALUE> [<NAME>=<VALUE>]"] 2534 [--timeout <msec>] [--unix2dos] [--verbose] 2535 [--wait-exit] [--wait-stdout] [--wait-stderr] 2536 -- [[<argument1>] ... [<argumentN>]]</screen> 2537 2538 <para>where the parameters mean: <glosslist> 2539 <glossentry> 2540 <glossterm>uuid|vmname</glossterm> 2541 2542 <glossdef> 2543 <para>The VM UUID or VM name. Mandatory.</para> 2544 </glossdef> 2545 </glossentry> 2546 2547 <glossentry> 2548 <glossterm>--image "<path to program>"</glossterm> 2549 2550 <glossdef> 2551 <para>Absolute path and process name of process to execute 2552 in the guest, e.g. 2553 <computeroutput>C:\Windows\System32\calc.exe</computeroutput></para> 2554 </glossdef> 2555 </glossentry> 2556 2557 <glossentry> 2558 <glossterm>--username <name></glossterm> 2559 2560 <glossdef> 2561 <para>Name of the user the process should run under. This 2562 user must exist on the guest OS.</para> 2563 </glossdef> 2564 </glossentry> 2565 2566 <glossentry> 2567 <glossterm>--password <password></glossterm> 2568 2569 <glossdef> 2570 <para>Password of the user account specified with 2571 <computeroutput>--username</computeroutput>. If not given, 2572 an empty password is assumed.</para> 2573 </glossdef> 2574 </glossentry> 2575 2576 <glossentry> 2577 <glossterm>--dos2unix</glossterm> 2578 2579 <glossdef> 2580 Converts output from DOS/Windows guests to UNIX-compatible 2581 line endings (CR + LF -> LF). Not implemented yet. 2582 </glossdef> 2583 </glossentry> 2584 2585 <glossentry> 2586 <glossterm>--environment 2587 "<NAME>=<VALUE>"</glossterm> 2588 2589 <glossdef> 2590 <para>One or more environment variables to be set or 2591 unset.</para> 2592 2593 <para>By default, the new process in the guest will be 2594 created with the standard environment of the guest OS. This 2595 option allows for modifying that environment. To set/modify 2596 a variable, a pair of 2597 <computeroutput>NAME=VALUE</computeroutput> must be 2598 specified; to unset a certain variable, the name with no 2599 value must set, e.g. 2600 <computeroutput>NAME=</computeroutput>.</para> 2601 2602 <para>Arguments containing spaces must be enclosed in 2603 quotation marks. More than one 2604 <computeroutput>--environment</computeroutput> at a time can 2605 be specified to keep the command line tidy.</para> 2606 </glossdef> 2607 </glossentry> 2608 2609 <glossentry> 2610 <glossterm>--timeout <msec></glossterm> 2611 2612 <glossdef> 2613 <para>Value (in milliseconds) that specifies the time how 2614 long the started process is allowed to run and how long 2615 VBoxManage waits for getting output from that process. If no 2616 timeout is specified, VBoxManage will wait forever until the 2617 started process ends or an error occured.</para> 2618 </glossdef> 2619 </glossentry> 2620 2621 <glossentry> 2622 <glossterm>--unix2dos</glossterm> 2623 2624 <glossdef> 2625 Converts output from a UNIX/Linux guests to DOS-/Windows-compatible 2626 line endings (LF -> CR + LF). Not implemented yet. 2627 </glossdef> 2628 </glossentry> 2629 2630 <glossentry> 2631 <glossterm>--verbose</glossterm> 2632 2633 <glossdef> 2634 <para>Tells VBoxManage to be more verbose.</para> 2635 </glossdef> 2636 </glossentry> 2637 2638 <glossentry> 2639 <glossterm>--wait-exit</glossterm> 2640 2641 <glossdef> 2642 <para>Waits until the process ends and outputs its 2643 exit code along with the exit reason/flags.</para> 2644 </glossdef> 2645 </glossentry> 2646 2647 <glossentry> 2648 <glossterm>--wait-stdout</glossterm> 2649 2650 <glossdef> 2651 <para>Waits until the process ends and outputs its 2652 exit code along with the exit reason/flags. While waiting 2653 VBoxManage retrieves the process output collected from stdout.</para> 2654 </glossdef> 2655 </glossentry> 2656 2657 <glossentry> 2658 <glossterm>--wait-stderr</glossterm> 2659 2660 <glossdef> 2661 <para>Waits until the process ends and outputs its 2662 exit code along with the exit reason/flags. While waiting 2663 VBoxManage retrieves the process output collected from stderr.</para> 2664 </glossdef> 2665 </glossentry> 2666 2667 <glossentry> 2668 <glossterm>[-- [<argument1s>] ... [<argumentNs>]]</glossterm> 2669 2670 <glossdef> 2671 <para>One or more arguments to pass to the process being 2672 executed.</para> 2673 <para>Arguments containing spaces must be enclosed in 2674 quotation marks.</para> 2675 </glossdef> 2676 </glossentry> 2677 2678 </glosslist></para> 2679 2680 <para><note> 2681 <para>On Windows there are certain limitations for graphical 2682 applications; please see <xref linkend="KnownIssues" /> for more 2683 information.</para> 2684 </note> Examples: <screen>VBoxManage --nologo guestcontrol "My VM" execute --image "/bin/ls" 2685 --username foo --password bar --wait-exit --wait-stdout -- -l /usr</screen> <screen>VBoxManage --nologo guestcontrol "My VM" execute --image "c:\\windows\\system32\\ipconfig.exe" 2686 --username foo --password bar --wait-exit --wait-stdout</screen> Note that 2687 the double backslashes in the second example are only required on 2688 Unix hosts.</para> 2689 2690 <para>Starting at VirtualBox 4.1.2 guest process execution by default is limited 2691 to serve up to 5 guest processes at a time. If a new guest process gets started 2692 which would exceed this limit, the oldest not running guest process will be discarded 2693 in order to be able to run that new process. Also, retrieving output from this 2694 old guest process will not be possible anymore then. If all 5 guest processes 2695 are still active and running, starting a new guest process will result in an 2696 appropriate error message.</para> 2697 2698 <para>To raise or lower the guest process execution limit, either the guest 2699 property <computerouptut>/VirtualBox/GuestAdd/VBoxService/--control-procs-max-kept</computerouptut> 2700 or VBoxService' command line by specifying <computeroutput>--control-procs-max-kept</computeroutput> 2701 needs to be modified. A restart of the guest OS is required afterwards. To serve unlimited 2702 guest processes, a value of <computeroutput>0</computeroutput> needs to be set (not recommended).</para> 2703 </listitem> 2704 2705 <listitem> 2706 <para><computeroutput>copyto</computeroutput>, which allows copying 2707 files from the host to the guest (only with installed Guest 2708 Additions 4.0 and later).</para> 2709 2710 <screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol <vmname>|<uuid> copyto|cp 2711 <source on host> <destination on guest> 2712 --username <name> --password <password> 2713 [--dryrun] [--follow] [--recursive] [--verbose]</screen> 2714 2715 <para>where the parameters mean: <glosslist> 2716 <glossentry> 2717 <glossterm>uuid|vmname</glossterm> 2718 2719 <glossdef> 2720 <para>The VM UUID or VM name. Mandatory.</para> 2721 </glossdef> 2722 </glossentry> 2723 2724 <glossentry> 2725 <glossterm>source on host</glossterm> 2726 2727 <glossdef> 2728 <para>Absolute path of source file(s) on host to copy over 2729 to the guest, e.g. 2730 <computeroutput>C:\Windows\System32\calc.exe</computeroutput>. 2731 This also can be a wildcard expression, e.g. 2732 <computeroutput>C:\Windows\System32\*.dll</computeroutput></para> 2733 </glossdef> 2734 </glossentry> 2735 2736 <glossentry> 2737 <glossterm>destination on guest</glossterm> 2738 2739 <glossdef> 2740 <para>Absolute destination path on the guest, e.g. 2741 <computeroutput>C:\Temp</computeroutput></para> 2742 </glossdef> 2743 </glossentry> 2744 2745 <glossentry> 2746 <glossterm>--username <name></glossterm> 2747 2748 <glossdef> 2749 <para>Name of the user the copy process should run under. 2750 This user must exist on the guest OS.</para> 2751 </glossdef> 2752 </glossentry> 2753 2754 <glossentry> 2755 <glossterm>--password <password></glossterm> 2756 2757 <glossdef> 2758 <para>Password of the user account specified with 2759 <computeroutput>--username</computeroutput>. If not given, 2760 an empty password is assumed.</para> 2761 </glossdef> 2762 </glossentry> 2763 2764 <glossentry> 2765 <glossterm>--dryrun</glossterm> 2766 2767 <glossdef> 2768 <para>Tells VBoxManage to only perform a dry run instead of 2769 really copying files to the guest.</para> 2770 </glossdef> 2771 </glossentry> 2772 2773 <glossentry> 2774 <glossterm>--follow</glossterm> 2775 2776 <glossdef> 2777 <para>Enables following symlinks on the host's 2778 source.</para> 2779 </glossdef> 2780 </glossentry> 2781 2782 <glossentry> 2783 <glossterm>--recursive</glossterm> 2784 2785 <glossdef> 2786 <para>Recursively copies files/directories of the specified 2787 source.</para> 2788 </glossdef> 2789 </glossentry> 2790 2791 <glossentry> 2792 <glossterm>--verbose</glossterm> 2793 2794 <glossdef> 2795 <para>Tells VBoxManage to be more verbose.</para> 2796 </glossdef> 2797 </glossentry> 2798 2799 <glossentry> 2800 <glossterm>--flags <flags></glossterm> 2801 2802 <glossdef> 2803 <para>Additional flags to set. This is not used at the 2804 moment.</para> 2805 </glossdef> 2806 </glossentry> 2807 </glosslist></para> 2808 </listitem> 2809 2810 <listitem> 2811 <para><computeroutput>createdirectory</computeroutput>, which allows 2812 copying files from the host to the guest (only with installed Guest 2813 Additions 4.0 and later).</para> 2814 2815 <screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol <vmname>|<uuid> createdir[ectory]|mkdir|md 2816 <directory to create on guest> 2817 [--username "<name>"] [--password "<password>"] 2818 [--parents] [--mode <mode>] [--verbose]</screen> 2819 2820 <para>where the parameters mean: <glosslist> 2821 <glossentry> 2822 <glossterm>uuid|vmname</glossterm> 2823 2824 <glossdef> 2825 <para>The VM UUID or VM name. Mandatory.</para> 2826 </glossdef> 2827 </glossentry> 2828 2829 <glossentry> 2830 <glossterm>directory to create on guest</glossterm> 2831 2832 <glossdef> 2833 <para>Absolute path of directory/directories to create on 2834 guest, e.g. <computeroutput>D:\Foo\Bar</computeroutput>. 2835 Parent directories need to exist (e.g. in this example 2836 <computeroutput>D:\Foo</computeroutput>) when switch 2837 <computeroutput>--parents</computeroutput> is omitted. The 2838 specified user must have appropriate rights to create the 2839 specified directory.</para> 2840 </glossdef> 2841 </glossentry> 2842 2843 <glossentry> 2844 <glossterm>--username <name></glossterm> 2845 2846 <glossdef> 2847 <para>Name of the user the copy process should run under. 2848 This user must exist on the guest OS.</para> 2849 </glossdef> 2850 </glossentry> 2851 2852 <glossentry> 2853 <glossterm>--password <password></glossterm> 2854 2855 <glossdef> 2856 <para>Password of the user account specified with 2857 <computeroutput>--username</computeroutput>. If not given, 2858 an empty password is assumed.</para> 2859 </glossdef> 2860 </glossentry> 2861 2862 <glossentry> 2863 <glossterm>--parents</glossterm> 2864 2865 <glossdef> 2866 <para>Also creates not yet existing parent directories of 2867 the specified directory, e.g. if the directory 2868 <computeroutput>D:\Foo</computeroutput> of 2869 <computeroutput>D:\Foo\Bar</computeroutput> does not exist 2870 yet it will be created. Without specifying 2871 <computeroutput>--parent</computeroutput> the action would 2872 have failed.</para> 2873 </glossdef> 2874 </glossentry> 2875 2876 <glossentry> 2877 <glossterm>--mode <mode></glossterm> 2878 2879 <glossdef> 2880 <para>Sets the permission mode of the specified directory. 2881 Only octal modes (e.g. 2882 <computeroutput>0755</computeroutput>) are supported right 2883 now.</para> 2884 </glossdef> 2885 </glossentry> 2886 2887 <glossentry> 2888 <glossterm>--verbose</glossterm> 2889 2890 <glossdef> 2891 <para>Tells VBoxManage to be more verbose.</para> 2892 </glossdef> 2893 </glossentry> 2894 </glosslist></para> 2895 </listitem> 2896 2897 <listitem> 2898 <para><computeroutput>stat</computeroutput>, which displays file 2899 or file system status on the guest.</para> 2900 2901 <screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol <vmname>|<uuid> stat 2902 <file element(s) to check on guest> 2903 [--username "<name>"] [--password "<password>"] 2904 [--verbose]</screen> 2905 2906 <para>where the parameters mean: <glosslist> 2907 <glossentry> 2908 <glossterm>uuid|vmname</glossterm> 2909 2910 <glossdef> 2911 <para>The VM UUID or VM name. Mandatory.</para> 2912 </glossdef> 2913 </glossentry> 2914 2915 <glossentry> 2916 <glossterm>file element(s) to check on guest</glossterm> 2917 2918 <glossdef> 2919 <para>Absolute path of directory/directories to check on 2920 guest, e.g. <computeroutput>/home/foo/a.out</computeroutput>. 2921 The specified user must have appropriate rights to access 2922 the given file element(s).</para> 2923 </glossdef> 2924 </glossentry> 2925 2926 <glossentry> 2927 <glossterm>--username <name></glossterm> 2928 2929 <glossdef> 2930 <para>Name of the user the copy process should run under. 2931 This user must exist on the guest OS.</para> 2932 </glossdef> 2933 </glossentry> 2934 2935 <glossentry> 2936 <glossterm>--password <password></glossterm> 2937 2938 <glossdef> 2939 <para>Password of the user account specified with 2940 <computeroutput>--username</computeroutput>. If not given, 2941 an empty password is assumed.</para> 2942 </glossdef> 2943 </glossentry> 2944 2945 <glossentry> 2946 <glossterm>--verbose</glossterm> 2947 2948 <glossdef> 2949 <para>Tells VBoxManage to be more verbose.</para> 2950 </glossdef> 2951 </glossentry> 2952 </glosslist></para> 2953 </listitem> 2954 2955 <listitem> 2956 <para><computeroutput>updateadditions</computeroutput>, which allows 2957 for updating an already installed Guest Additions version on the 2958 guest (only already installed Guest Additions 4.0 and later).</para> 2959 2960 <screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol updateadditions <vmname>|<uuid> 2961 [--source "<guest additions .ISO file to use>"] [--verbose]</screen> 2962 2963 <para>where the parameters mean: <glosslist> 2964 <glossentry> 2965 <glossterm>uuid|vmname</glossterm> 2966 2967 <glossdef> 2968 <para>The VM UUID or VM name. Mandatory.</para> 2969 </glossdef> 2970 </glossentry> 2971 2972 <glossentry> 2973 <glossterm>--source "<guest additions .ISO file to 2974 use>"</glossterm> 2975 2976 <glossdef> 2977 <para>Full path to an alternative VirtualBox Guest Additions 2978 .ISO file to use for the Guest Additions update.</para> 2979 </glossdef> 2980 </glossentry> 2981 2982 <glossentry> 2983 <glossterm>--verbose</glossterm> 2984 2985 <glossdef> 2986 <para>Tells VBoxManage to be more verbose.</para> 2987 </glossdef> 2988 </glossentry> 2989 </glosslist></para> 2990 </listitem> 2991 </itemizedlist></para> 2992 </sect1> 2993 2994 <sect1 id="vboxmanage-debugvm"> 2995 <title>VBoxManage debugvm</title> 2996 2997 <para>The "debugvm" commands are for experts who want to tinker with the 2998 exact details of virtual machine execution. Like the VM debugger described 2999 in <xref linkend="debugger" />, these commands are only useful if you are 3000 very familiar with the details of the PC architecture and how to debug 3001 software.</para> 3002 3003 <para>The subcommands of "debugvm" all operate on a running virtual 3004 machine. The following are available:<itemizedlist> 3005 <listitem> 3006 <para>With <computeroutput>dumpguestcore --filename 3007 <name></computeroutput>, you can create a system dump of the 3008 running VM, which will be written into the given file. This file 3009 will have the standard ELF core format (with custom sections); see 3010 <xref linkend="guestcoreformat" />.</para> 3011 3012 <para>This corresponds to the 3013 <computeroutput>writecore</computeroutput> command in the debugger. 3014 </para> 3015 </listitem> 3016 3017 <listitem> 3018 <para>The <computeroutput>info</computeroutput> command is used to 3019 display info items relating to the VMM, device emulations and 3020 associated drivers. This command takes one or two arguments: the 3021 name of the info item, optionally followed by a string containing 3022 arguments specific to the info item. 3023 The <computeroutput>help</computeroutput> info item provides a 3024 listning of the available items and hints about any optional 3025 arguments.</para> 3026 3027 <para>This corresponds to the <computeroutput>info</computeroutput> 3028 command in the debugger.</para> 3029 </listitem> 3030 3031 <listitem> 3032 <para>The <computeroutput>injectnmi</computeroutput> command causes 3033 a non-maskable interrupt (NMI) in the guest, which might be useful 3034 for certain debugging scenarios. What happens exactly is dependent 3035 on the guest operating system, but an NMI can crash the whole guest 3036 operating system. Do not use unless you know what you're 3037 doing.</para> 3038 </listitem> 3039 3040 <listitem> 3041 <para>The <computeroutput>osdetect</computeroutput> command makes the 3042 VMM's debugger facility (re-)detection the guest operation 3043 system.</para> 3044 3045 <para>This corresponds to the <computeroutput>detect</computeroutput> 3046 command in the debugger.</para> 3047 </listitem> 3048 3049 <listitem> 3050 <para>The <computeroutput>osinfo</computeroutput> command is used to 3051 display info about the operating system (OS) detected by the VMM's 3052 debugger facility.</para> 3053 </listitem> 3054 3055 <listitem> 3056 <para>The <computeroutput>getregisters</computeroutput> command is 3057 used to display CPU and device registers. The command takes a list 3058 of registers, each having one of the following forms: 3059 <itemizedlist> 3060 <listitem><computeroutput>register-set.register-name.sub-field</computeroutput></listitem> 3061 <listitem><computeroutput>register-set.register-name</computeroutput></listitem> 3062 <listitem><computeroutput>cpu-register-name.sub-field</computeroutput></listitem> 3063 <listitem><computeroutput>cpu-register-name</computeroutput></listitem> 3064 <listitem><computeroutput>all</computeroutput></listitem> 3065 </itemizedlist> 3066 The <computeroutput>all</computeroutput> form will cause all 3067 registers to be shown (no sub-fields). The registers names are 3068 case-insensitive. When requesting a CPU register the register set 3069 can be omitted, it will be selected using the value of the 3070 <computeroutput>--cpu</computeroutput> option (defaulting to 0). 3071 </para> 3072 </listitem> 3073 3074 <listitem> 3075 <para>The <computeroutput>setregisters</computeroutput> command is 3076 used to change CPU and device registers. The command takes a list 3077 of register assignments, each having one of the following forms: 3078 <itemizedlist> 3079 <listitem><computeroutput>register-set.register-name.sub-field=value</computeroutput></listitem> 3080 <listitem><computeroutput>register-set.register-name=value</computeroutput></listitem> 3081 <listitem><computeroutput>cpu-register-name.sub-field=value</computeroutput></listitem> 3082 <listitem><computeroutput>cpu-register-name=value</computeroutput></listitem> 3083 </itemizedlist> 3084 The value format should be in the same style as what 3085 <computeroutput>getregisters</computeroutput> displays, with the 3086 exception that both octal and decimal can be used instead of 3087 hexadecimal. The register naming and the default CPU register set 3088 are handled the same way as with the 3089 <computeroutput>getregisters</computeroutput> command.</para> 3090 </listitem> 3091 3092 <listitem> 3093 <para>The <computeroutput>statistics</computeroutput> command can be 3094 used to display VMM statistics on the command line. The 3095 <computeroutput>--reset</computeroutput> option will reset 3096 statistics. The affected statistics can be filtered with the 3097 <computeroutput>--pattern</computeroutput> option, which accepts 3098 DOS/NT-style wildcards (<computeroutput>?</computeroutput> and 3099 <computeroutput>*</computeroutput>).</para> 3100 </listitem> 3101 </itemizedlist></para> 2131 3102 </sect1> 2132 3103 … … 2286 3257 </sect1> 2287 3258 2288 <sect1 id="vboxmanage-guestproperty"> 2289 <title>VBoxManage guestproperty</title> 2290 2291 <para>The "guestproperty" commands allow you to get or set properties of a 2292 running virtual machine. Please see <xref linkend="guestadd-guestprops" /> 2293 for an introduction. As explained there, guest properties are arbitrary 2294 key/value string pairs which can be written to and read from by either the 2295 guest or the host, so they can be used as a low-volume communication 2296 channel for strings, provided that a guest is running and has the Guest 2297 Additions installed. In addition, a number of values whose keys begin with 2298 "/VirtualBox/" are automatically set and maintained by the Guest 2299 Additions.</para> 2300 2301 <para>The following subcommands are available (where 2302 <computeroutput><vm></computeroutput>, in each case, can either be a 2303 VM name or a VM UUID, as with the other VBoxManage commands):<itemizedlist> 2304 <listitem> 2305 <para><computeroutput>enumerate <vm> [-patterns 2306 <pattern>]</computeroutput>: This lists all the guest 2307 properties that are available for the given VM, including the value. 2308 This list will be very limited if the guest's service process cannot 2309 be contacted, e.g. because the VM is not running or the Guest 2310 Additions are not installed.</para> 2311 2312 <para>If <computeroutput>--patterns <pattern></computeroutput> 2313 is specified, it acts as a filter to only list properties that match 2314 the given pattern. The pattern can contain the following wildcard 2315 characters:<itemizedlist> 2316 <listitem> 2317 <para><computeroutput>*</computeroutput> (asterisk): 2318 represents any number of characters; for example, 2319 "<computeroutput>/VirtualBox*</computeroutput>" would match 2320 all properties beginning with "/VirtualBox".</para> 2321 </listitem> 2322 2323 <listitem> 2324 <para><computeroutput>?</computeroutput> (question mark): 2325 represents a single arbitrary character; for example, 2326 "<computeroutput>fo?</computeroutput>" would match both "foo" 2327 and "for".</para> 2328 </listitem> 2329 2330 <listitem> 2331 <para><computeroutput>|</computeroutput> (pipe symbol): can be 2332 used to specify multiple alternative patterns; for example, 2333 "<computeroutput>s*|t*</computeroutput>" would match anything 2334 starting with either "s" or "t".</para> 2335 </listitem> 2336 </itemizedlist></para> 2337 </listitem> 2338 2339 <listitem> 2340 <para><computeroutput>get <vm></computeroutput>: This 2341 retrieves the value of a single property only. If the property 2342 cannot be found (e.g. because the guest is not running), this will 2343 print "No value set!".</para> 2344 </listitem> 2345 2346 <listitem> 2347 <para><computeroutput>set <vm> <property> [<value> 2348 [-flags <flags>]]</computeroutput>: This allows you to set a 2349 guest property by specifying the key and value. If 2350 <computeroutput><value></computeroutput> is omitted, the 2351 property is deleted. With <computeroutput>--flags</computeroutput> 2352 you can optionally specify additional behavior (you can combine 2353 several by separating them with commas):<itemizedlist> 2354 <listitem> 2355 <para><computeroutput>TRANSIENT</computeroutput>: the value 2356 will not be stored with the VM data when the VM exits;</para> 2357 </listitem> 2358 2359 <listitem> 2360 <para><computeroutput>RDONLYGUEST</computeroutput>: the value 2361 can only be changed by the host, but the guest can only read 2362 it;</para> 2363 </listitem> 2364 2365 <listitem> 2366 <para><computeroutput>RDONLYHOST</computeroutput>: reversely, 2367 the value can only be changed by the guest, but the host can 2368 only read it;</para> 2369 </listitem> 2370 2371 <listitem> 2372 <para><computeroutput>READONLY</computeroutput>: a combination 2373 of the two, the value cannot be changed at all.</para> 2374 </listitem> 2375 </itemizedlist></para> 2376 </listitem> 2377 2378 <listitem> 2379 <para><computeroutput>wait <vm> <pattern> --timeout 2380 <timeout></computeroutput>: This waits for a particular value 2381 described by "pattern" to change or to be deleted or created. The 2382 pattern rules are the same as for the "enumerate" subcommand 2383 above.</para> 2384 </listitem> 2385 </itemizedlist></para> 2386 </sect1> 2387 2388 <sect1 id="vboxmanage-guestcontrol"> 2389 <title>VBoxManage guestcontrol</title> 2390 2391 <para>The "guestcontrol" commands allow you to control certain things 2392 inside a guest from the host. Please see <xref 2393 linkend="guestadd-guestcontrol" /> for an introduction.</para> 2394 2395 <para>Generally, the syntax is as follows:</para> 2396 2397 <screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol <command></screen> 2398 2399 <para>At this time, the only available 2400 <computeroutput><command></computeroutput> is "execute", which 2401 allows for executing a program/script (process) which is already installed 2402 and runnable on the guest. This command only works while a VM is up and 2403 running and has the following syntax:</para> 2404 2405 <screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol execute <vmname>|<uuid> 2406 <pathToProgram> 2407 --username <name> --password <password> 2408 [--arguments "<arguments>"] 2409 [--environment "<NAME>=<VALUE> [<NAME>=<VALUE>]"] 2410 [--flags <flags>] [--timeout <msec>] 2411 [--verbose] [--wait-for exit,stdout,stderr||]</screen> 2412 2413 <para>where the parameters mean: <glosslist> 2414 <glossentry> 2415 <glossterm>uuid|vmname</glossterm> 2416 2417 <glossdef> 2418 <para>The VM UUID or VM name. Mandatory.</para> 2419 </glossdef> 2420 </glossentry> 2421 2422 <glossentry> 2423 <glossterm>pathToProgram</glossterm> 2424 2425 <glossdef> 2426 <para>Absolute path and process name of process to execute in the 2427 guest, e.g. 2428 <computeroutput>C:\Windows\System32\calc.exe</computeroutput></para> 2429 </glossdef> 2430 </glossentry> 2431 2432 <glossentry> 2433 <glossterm>--arguments "<arguments>"</glossterm> 2434 2435 <glossdef> 2436 <para>One or more arguments to pass to the process being 2437 executed.</para> 2438 2439 <para>Arguments containing spaces must be enclosed in quotation 2440 marks. More than one <computeroutput>--arguments</computeroutput> 2441 at a time can be specified to keep the command line tidy.</para> 2442 </glossdef> 2443 </glossentry> 2444 2445 <glossentry> 2446 <glossterm>--environment "<NAME>=<VALUE>"</glossterm> 2447 2448 <glossdef> 2449 <para>One or more environment variables to be set or unset.</para> 2450 2451 <para>By default, the new process in the guest will be created 2452 with the the standard environment of the guest OS. This option 2453 allows for modifying that environment. To set/modify a variable, a 2454 pair of <computeroutput>NAME=VALUE</computeroutput> must be 2455 specified; to unset a certain variable, the name with no value 2456 must set, e.g. <computeroutput>NAME=</computeroutput>.</para> 2457 2458 <para>Arguments containing spaces must be enclosed in quotation 2459 marks. More than one 2460 <computeroutput>--environment</computeroutput> at a time can be 2461 specified to keep the command line tidy.</para> 2462 </glossdef> 2463 </glossentry> 2464 2465 <glossentry> 2466 <glossterm>--flags <flags></glossterm> 2467 2468 <glossdef> 2469 <para>Additional flags to set. This is not used at the 2470 moment.</para> 2471 </glossdef> 2472 </glossentry> 2473 2474 <glossentry> 2475 <glossterm>--timeout <msec></glossterm> 2476 2477 <glossdef> 2478 <para>Value (in milliseconds) that specifies the time how long the 2479 started process is allowed to run and how long VBoxManage waits 2480 for getting output from that process. If no timeout is specified, 2481 VBoxManage will wait forever until the started process ends or an 2482 error occured.</para> 2483 </glossdef> 2484 </glossentry> 2485 2486 <glossentry> 2487 <glossterm>--username <name></glossterm> 2488 2489 <glossdef> 2490 <para>Name of the user the process should run under. This user 2491 must exist on the guest OS.</para> 2492 </glossdef> 2493 </glossentry> 2494 2495 <glossentry> 2496 <glossterm>--password <password></glossterm> 2497 2498 <glossdef> 2499 <para>Password of the user account specified with 2500 <computeroutput>--username</computeroutput>. If not given, an 2501 empty password is assumed.</para> 2502 </glossdef> 2503 </glossentry> 2504 2505 <glossentry> 2506 <glossterm>--verbose</glossterm> 2507 2508 <glossdef> 2509 <para>Tells VBoxManage to be more verbose during the 2510 execution.</para> 2511 </glossdef> 2512 </glossentry> 2513 2514 <glossentry> 2515 <glossterm>--wait-for <action></glossterm> 2516 2517 <glossdef> 2518 <para>Tells VBoxManage to wait for a certain action to happen and 2519 react to it. The following actions are available: <glosslist> 2520 <glossentry> 2521 <glossterm>exit</glossterm> 2522 2523 <glossdef> 2524 <para>Waits until the process ends and outputs its exit 2525 code along with the exit reason/flags.</para> 2526 </glossdef> 2527 </glossentry> 2528 2529 <glossentry> 2530 <glossterm>stdout or stderr</glossterm> 2531 2532 <glossdef> 2533 <para>Waits until the process ends and outputs its exit 2534 code along with the exit reason/flags. After that 2535 VBoxManage retrieves the output collected from the guest 2536 process's stdout and stderr.</para> 2537 </glossdef> 2538 </glossentry> 2539 </glosslist></para> 2540 </glossdef> 2541 </glossentry> 2542 </glosslist></para> 2543 2544 <para><note> 2545 <para>On Windows there are certain limitations for graphical 2546 applications; please see <xref linkend="KnownIssues" /> for more 2547 information.</para> 2548 </note> Examples: <screen>VBoxManage --nologo guestcontrol execute "My VM" "/bin/ls" --arguments "-l /usr" 2549 --username foo --password bar --wait-for stdout</screen> <screen>VBoxManage --nologo guestcontrol execute "My VM" "c:\\windows\\system32\\ipconfig.exe" 2550 --username foo --password bar --wait-for stdout</screen> Note that 2551 the double backslashes in the second example are only required on Unix 2552 hosts.</para> 3259 <sect1> 3260 <title>VBoxManage hostonlyif</title> 3261 3262 <para>With "hostonlyif" you can change the IP configuration of a host-only 3263 network interface. For a description of host-only networking, please 3264 refer to <xref linkend="network_hostonly" />. Each host-only interface is 3265 identified by a name and can either use the internal DHCP server or a 3266 manual IP configuration (both IP4 and IP6).</para> 2553 3267 </sect1> 2554 3268 … … 2630 3344 network or host-only interface name.</para> 2631 3345 </sect1> 3346 3347 <sect1 id="vboxmanage-extpack"> 3348 <title>VBoxManage extpack</title> 3349 3350 <para>The "extpack" command allows you to add or remove VirtualBox 3351 extension packs, as described in <xref 3352 linkend="intro-installing" />.<itemizedlist> 3353 <listitem> 3354 <para>To add a new extension pack, use <computeroutput>VBoxManage 3355 extpack install <tarball></computeroutput>. This command 3356 will fail if an older version of the same extension pack is already 3357 installed. The optional <computeroutput>--replace</computeroutput> 3358 parameter can be used to uninstall the old package before the new 3359 package is installed.</para> 3360 </listitem> 3361 3362 <listitem> 3363 <para>To remove a previously installed extension pack, use 3364 <computeroutput>VBoxManage extpack uninstall 3365 <name></computeroutput>. You can use 3366 <computeroutput>VBoxManage list extpacks</computeroutput> to show 3367 the names of the extension packs which are currently installed; 3368 please see <xref linkend="vboxmanage-list" /> also. The optional 3369 <computeroutput>--force</computeroutput> parameter can be used to 3370 override the refusal of an extension pack to be uninstalled.</para> 3371 </listitem> 3372 3373 <listitem> 3374 <para>The <computeroutput>VBoxManage extpack 3375 cleanup</computeroutput> command can be used to remove temporary 3376 files and directories that may have been left behind if a previous 3377 install or uninstall command failed.</para> 3378 </listitem> 3379 </itemizedlist></para> 3380 </sect1> 2632 3381 </chapter>
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