VirtualBox

Changeset 76078 in vbox for trunk/doc


Ignore:
Timestamp:
Dec 9, 2018 4:48:36 PM (6 years ago)
Author:
vboxsync
Message:

manual: integrate drop #30 with minimal manual adjustments (but everything into one book, with manually applied tweaks to turn the release notes into a pure changelog again and manually re-applied the last changelog change since it wasn't included yet)

Location:
trunk/doc/manual
Files:
7 added
33 edited

Legend:

Unmodified
Added
Removed
  • trunk/doc/manual/Config.kmk

    r73488 r76078  
    5757VBOX_XML_ENTITIES         ?= $(VBOX_PATH_MANUAL_OUTBASE)/all-entities.ent
    5858
    59 # xsltproc with the catalog trick if applicable.
     59# xsltproc with the catalog trick if applicable (set XML_DEBUG_CATALOG to
     60# non-zero value to debug file/uri resolution through the catalogs, using
     61# one of them is enough, they show the same information).
    6062ifdef VBOX_XML_CATALOG
    61  VBOX_XSLTPROC_WITH_CAT    = $(REDIRECT) -E "XML_CATALOG_FILES=$(VBOX_XML_CATALOG)" $1 -- \
     63 VBOX_XSLTPROC_WITH_CAT    = $(REDIRECT) -E "XML_CATALOG_FILES=$(VBOX_XML_CATALOG)" -E "XML_DEBUG_CATALOG=" $1 -- \
    6264        $(VBOX_XSLTPROC) --nonet --xinclude $(VBOX_XSLTPROC_OPTS)
    63  VBOX_XMLLINT_WITH_CAT     = $(REDIRECT) -E "XML_CATALOG_FILES=$(VBOX_XML_CATALOG)" -- \
     65 VBOX_XMLLINT_WITH_CAT     = $(REDIRECT) -E "XML_CATALOG_FILES=$(VBOX_XML_CATALOG)" -E "XML_DEBUG_CATALOG=" -- \
    6466        $(VBOX_XMLLINT) --nonet --xinclude --noout $(VBOX_XMLLINT_OPTS)
    6567else
     
    161163                '  <delegateSystem systemIdStartString="$(VBOX_PATH_MANUAL_SRC)"            catalog="file://$(VBOX_FILE_URL_MAYBE_SLASH)$(VBOX_XML_CATALOG_MANUAL)"/>' \
    162164                '  <delegateURI uriStartString="$(VBOX_PATH_MANUAL_SRC)"                    catalog="file://$(VBOX_FILE_URL_MAYBE_SLASH)$(VBOX_XML_CATALOG_MANUAL)"/>' \
     165                '  <delegateURI uriStartString="file://$(VBOX_FILE_URL_MAYBE_SLASH)$(VBOX_PATH_MANUAL_SRC)" catalog="file://$(VBOX_FILE_URL_MAYBE_SLASH)$(VBOX_XML_CATALOG_MANUAL)"/>' \
    163166                '  <delegateURI uriStartString="$(VBOX_PATH_MANUAL_OUTBASE)"                catalog="file://$(VBOX_FILE_URL_MAYBE_SLASH)$(VBOX_XML_CATALOG_MANUAL)"/>' \
    164167                '</catalog>'
     
    209212                '<!DOCTYPE catalog PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD Entity Resolution XML Catalog V1.0//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/entity/release/1.0/catalog.dtd">' \
    210213                '<catalog xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:entity:xmlns:xml:catalog">' \
     214                '  <system systemId="$(VBOX_PATH_MANUAL_SRC)/common/oracle-accessibility-en.xml"            uri="file://$(VBOX_FILE_URL_MAYBE_SLASH)$(VBOX_PATH_MANUAL_SRC)/en_US/oracle-accessibility-en.xml"/>' \
     215                '  <system systemId="$(VBOX_PATH_MANUAL_SRC)/common/oracle-legal-notices/oracle-support-en.xml" uri="file://$(VBOX_FILE_URL_MAYBE_SLASH)$(VBOX_PATH_MANUAL_SRC)/en_US/oracle-support-en.xml"/>' \
    211216                '  <system systemId="$(VBOX_PATH_MANUAL_SRC)/en_US/user_ChangeLogImpl.xml"                  uri="file://$(VBOX_FILE_URL_MAYBE_SLASH)$(VBOX_PATH_MANUAL_SRC)/user_ChangeLogImpl.xml"/>' \
    212217                '  <system systemId="$(VBOX_PATH_MANUAL_SRC)/en_US/user_VBoxManage_CommandsOverview.xml"    uri="file://$(VBOX_FILE_URL_MAYBE_SLASH)$(VBOX_PATH_MANUAL_OUTBASE)/user_VBoxManage_CommandsOverview.xml"/>' \
     
    219224                '  <system systemId="$(VBOX_PATH_MANUAL_SRC)/en_US/SDKRef_apiref.xml"                       uri="file://$(VBOX_FILE_URL_MAYBE_SLASH)$(VBOX_PATH_MANUAL_OUTBASE)/en_US/SDKRef_apiref.xml"/>' \
    220225                '  <system systemId="$(VBOX_PATH_MANUAL_SRC)/en_US/all-entities.ent"                        uri="file://$(VBOX_FILE_URL_MAYBE_SLASH)$(VBOX_PATH_MANUAL_OUTBASE)/all-entities.ent"/>' \
     226                '  <uri name="file://$(VBOX_FILE_URL_MAYBE_SLASH)$(VBOX_PATH_MANUAL_SRC)/en_US/all-entities.ent" uri="file://$(VBOX_FILE_URL_MAYBE_SLASH)$(VBOX_PATH_MANUAL_OUTBASE)/all-entities.ent"/>' \
    221227                '  <system systemId="$(VBOX_PATH_MANUAL_SRC)/html/docbook.xsl"                              uri="file://$(VBOX_FILE_URL_MAYBE_SLASH)$(VBOX_PATH_DOCBOOK)/html/docbook.xsl"/>' \
    222228                '  <system systemId="$(VBOX_PATH_MANUAL_SRC)/html/chunk.xsl"                                uri="file://$(VBOX_FILE_URL_MAYBE_SLASH)$(VBOX_PATH_DOCBOOK)/html/chunk.xsl"/>' \
     
    232238        $(call MSG_L1,Creating entities $@)
    233239        $(QUIET)$(APPEND) -tn "$@" \
     240        '<!-- Entities for product names -->' \
     241                '<!ENTITY product-version "$(VBOX_VERSION_STRING)">' \
     242                '<!ENTITY product-name "Oracle VM VirtualBox">' \
     243                '<!ENTITY oci "Oracle Cloud Infrastructure">' \
     244                '' \
     245                '<!-- VBox placeholder entities -->' \
    234246                '<!ENTITY VBOX_PRODUCT SYSTEM "$(VBOX_PATH_MANUAL_SRC)/ent-vbox-product.xml" >' \
    235247                '<!ENTITY VBOX_VERSION_MAJOR "$(VBOX_VERSION_MAJOR)" >' \
     
    238250                '<!ENTITY VBOX_VERSION_STRING "$(VBOX_VERSION_STRING)" >' \
    239251                '<!ENTITY VBOX_VENDOR "$(VBOX_VENDOR)" >' \
    240                 '<!ENTITY VBOX_C_YEAR "$(VBOX_C_YEAR)" >'
     252                '<!ENTITY VBOX_C_YEAR "$(VBOX_C_YEAR)" >' \
     253                '' \
     254                '<!-- Entities for OTN -->' \
     255                '<!ENTITY otn-base-url "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork">' \
     256                '<!ENTITY otn-doc-tab "&otn-base-url;/server-storage/virtualbox/documentation/index.html">'
    241257
    242258endif # VBOX_XML_ENTITIES
  • trunk/doc/manual/Makefile.kmk

    r73276 r76078  
    177177 VBOX_MANUAL_XML_FILES = \
    178178        UserManual.xml \
     179        user_Preface.xml \
    179180        user_Introduction.xml \
    180181        user_Installation.xml \
     
    194195        user_ThirdParty.xml \
    195196        user_PrivacyPolicy.xml \
    196         user_Glossary.xml
     197        user_Glossary.xml \
     198        oracle-accessibility-en.xml \
     199        oracle-support-en.xml
    197200
    198201 VBOX_MANUAL_XML_FILES_COMMON = \
  • trunk/doc/manual/docbook2latex.xsl

    r73276 r76078  
    289289    <xsl:param name="texcmd" select="concat('\',name(..))"/>
    290290    <xsl:param name="refid" select="../@id"/>
     291    <xsl:param name="role" select="../@role"/>
    291292
    292293    <xsl:call-template name="xsltprocNewlineOutputHack"/>
     294    <xsl:if test="$texcmd='\chapter' and $role='frontmatter'">
     295      <xsl:text>\frontmatter&#x0a;</xsl:text>
     296    </xsl:if>
     297    <xsl:if test="$texcmd='\chapter' and ../preceding-sibling::*[1][@role='frontmatter']">
     298      <xsl:text>\mainmatter&#x0a;</xsl:text>
     299    </xsl:if>
    293300    <xsl:choose>
    294301      <xsl:when test="$refid">
     
    325332      <xsl:when test="name(..)='chapter'">
    326333        <xsl:call-template name="title-wrapper"/>
     334      </xsl:when>
     335      <xsl:when test="name(..)='sect1' and ../../@role='frontmatter'">
     336        <xsl:call-template name="title-wrapper">
     337          <xsl:with-param name="texcmd">\section*</xsl:with-param>
     338        </xsl:call-template>
    327339      </xsl:when>
    328340      <xsl:when test="name(..)='sect1'">
  • trunk/doc/manual/en_US/UserManual.xml

    r73276 r76078  
    99<!-- VBox bookinfo section -->
    1010
    11   <bookinfo>
    12 
     11<bookinfo>
     12   
    1313    <title>&VBOX_PRODUCT;</title>
    1414
     
    1616
    1717    <edition>Version
    18     &VBOX_VERSION_STRING;</edition>
     18   &VBOX_VERSION_STRING;</edition>
    1919
    20     <corpauthor>Oracle Corporation</corpauthor>
     20    <corpauthor>&VBOX_VENDOR;</corpauthor>
    2121
    22     <address>https://www.virtualbox.org</address>
     22    <address>http://www.virtualbox.org</address>
    2323
    2424    <copyright>
     
    2626      <year>2004-&VBOX_C_YEAR;</year>
    2727
    28       <holder>Oracle Corporation</holder>
     28      <holder>&VBOX_VENDOR;</holder>
    2929
    3030    </copyright>
    3131
    3232  </bookinfo>
     33
     34
     35  <xi:include href="user_Preface.xml"
     36    xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
    3337
    3438  <xi:include href="user_Introduction.xml"
  • trunk/doc/manual/en_US/user_AdvancedTopics.xml

    r75137 r76078  
    99  <title>Advanced Topics</title>
    1010
    11   <sect1 id="vboxsdl">
    12 
    13     <title>VBoxSDL, The Simplified VM Displayer</title>
    14 
    15     <sect2 id="vboxsdl-intro">
    16 
    17       <title>Introduction</title>
    18 
    19       <para>
    20         VBoxSDL is a simple graphical user interface (GUI) that lacks
    21         the nice point-and-click support of the main GUI, VirtualBox.
    22         VBoxSDL is currently primarily used internally for debugging
    23         VirtualBox and therefore not officially supported. But you may
    24         find it useful for environments where the virtual machines are
    25         not necessarily controlled by the same person that uses the
    26         virtual machine.
    27       </para>
    28 
    29       <note>
    30         <para>
    31           VBoxSDL is not available on the Mac OS X host platform.
    32         </para>
    33       </note>
    34 
    35       <para>
    36         As shown in the following screenshot, VBoxSDL provides a simple
    37         window that contains only the "pure" virtual machine, without
    38         menus or other controls to click and with no additional
    39         indicators of virtual machine activity.
    40       </para>
    41 
    42       <para>
    43         <mediaobject>
    44           <imageobject>
    45             <imagedata align="center" fileref="images/vbox-sdl.png"
    46                        width="10cm" />
    47           </imageobject>
    48         </mediaobject>
    49       </para>
    50 
    51       <para>
    52         To start a virtual machine with VBoxSDL instead of the
    53         VirtualBox GUI, enter the following on a command line:
    54       </para>
    55 
    56 <screen>VBoxSDL --startvm &lt;vm&gt;</screen>
    57 
    58       <para>
    59         where <computeroutput>&lt;vm&gt;</computeroutput> is the name or
    60         UUID of an existing virtual machine.
    61       </para>
    62 
    63     </sect2>
    64 
    65     <sect2 id="vboxsdl-secure-label">
    66 
    67       <title>Secure Labeling with VBoxSDL</title>
    68 
    69       <para>
    70         When running guest operating systems in full screen mode, the
    71         guest operating system usually has control over the whole
    72         screen. This could present a security risk as the guest
    73         operating system might fool the user into thinking that it is
    74         either a different system, which might have a higher security
    75         level, or it might present messages on the screen that appear to
    76         stem from the host operating system.
    77       </para>
    78 
    79       <para>
    80         In order to protect the user against the above mentioned
    81         security risks, the secure labeling feature has been developed.
    82         Secure labeling is currently available only for VBoxSDL. When
    83         enabled, a portion of the display area is reserved for a label
    84         in which a user defined message is displayed. The label height
    85         is set to 20 pixels in VBoxSDL. The label font color and
    86         background color can be optionally set as hexadecimal RGB color
    87         values. The following syntax is used to enable secure labeling:
    88       </para>
    89 
    90 <screen>VBoxSDL --startvm "VM name"
    91       --securelabel --seclabelfnt ~/fonts/arial.ttf
    92       --seclabelsiz 14 --seclabelfgcol 00FF00 --seclabelbgcol 00FFFF</screen>
    93 
    94       <para>
    95         In addition to enabling secure labeling, a TrueType font has to
    96         be supplied. To use another font size than 12 point use the
    97         parameter <computeroutput>--seclabelsiz</computeroutput>.
    98       </para>
    99 
    100       <para>
    101         The label text can be set with:
    102       </para>
    103 
    104 <screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" "VBoxSDL/SecureLabel" "The Label"</screen>
    105 
    106       <para>
    107         Changing this label will take effect immediately.
    108       </para>
    109 
    110       <para>
    111         Typically, full screen resolutions are limited to certain
    112         standard geometries such as 1024 x 768. Increasing this by
    113         twenty lines is not usually feasible, so in most cases, VBoxSDL
    114         will chose the next higher resolution, such as 1280 x 1024 and
    115         the guest's screen will not cover the whole display surface. If
    116         VBoxSDL is unable to choose a higher resolution, the secure
    117         label will be painted on top of the guest's screen surface. In
    118         order to address the problem of the bottom part of the guest
    119         screen being hidden, VBoxSDL can provide custom video modes to
    120         the guest that are reduced by the height of the label. For
    121         Windows guests and recent Solaris and Linux guests, the
    122         VirtualBox Guest Additions automatically provide the reduced
    123         video modes. Additionally, the VESA BIOS has been adjusted to
    124         duplicate its standard mode table with adjusted resolutions. The
    125         adjusted mode IDs can be calculated using the following formula:
    126       </para>
    127 
    128 <screen>reduced_modeid = modeid + 0x30</screen>
    129 
    130       <para>
    131         For example, in order to start Linux with 1024 x 748 x 16, the
    132         standard mode 0x117 (1024 x 768 x 16) is used as a base. The
    133         Linux video mode kernel parameter can then be calculated using:
    134       </para>
    135 
    136 <screen>vga = 0x200 | 0x117 + 0x30
    137 vga = 839</screen>
    138 
    139       <para>
    140         The reason for duplicating the standard modes instead of only
    141         supplying the adjusted modes is that most guest operating
    142         systems require the standard VESA modes to be fixed and refuse
    143         to start with different modes.
    144       </para>
    145 
    146       <para>
    147         When using the X.org VESA driver, custom modelines have to be
    148         calculated and added to the configuration, usually in
    149         <literal>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</literal>. A handy tool to determine
    150         modeline entries can be found at:
    151         <ulink
    152       url="http://www.tkk.fi/Misc/Electronics/faq/vga2rgb/calc.html">http://www.tkk.fi/Misc/Electronics/faq/vga2rgb/calc.html</ulink>.
    153       </para>
    154 
    155     </sect2>
    156 
    157     <sect2 id="vboxsdl-modifier-release">
    158 
    159       <title>Releasing Modifiers with VBoxSDL on Linux</title>
    160 
    161       <para>
    162         When switching from a X virtual terminal (VT) to another VT
    163         using Ctrl-Alt-F<replaceable>x</replaceable> while the VBoxSDL
    164         window has the input focus, the guest will receive Ctrl and Alt
    165         keypress events without receiving the corresponding key release
    166         events. This is an architectural limitation of Linux. In order
    167         to reset the modifier keys, it is possible to send
    168         <computeroutput>SIGUSR1</computeroutput> to the VBoxSDL main
    169         thread, the first entry in the
    170         <computeroutput>ps</computeroutput> list. For example, when
    171         switching away to another VT and saving the virtual machine from
    172         this terminal, the following sequence can be used to make sure
    173         the VM is not saved with stuck modifiers:
    174       </para>
    175 
    176 <screen>kill -usr1 &lt;pid&gt;
    177 VBoxManage controlvm "Windows 2000" savestate</screen>
    178 
    179     </sect2>
    180 
    181   </sect1>
    182 
    18311  <sect1 id="autologon">
    18412
    185     <title>Automated Guest Logons</title>
    186 
    187     <para>
    188       VirtualBox provides Guest Addition modules for Windows, Linux, and
    189       Solaris to enable automated logons on the guest.
     13    <title>Automated Guest Logins</title>
     14
     15    <para>
     16      &product-name; provides Guest Addition modules for Windows, Linux,
     17      and Oracle Solaris to enable automated logins on the guest.
    19018    </para>
    19119
    19220    <para>
    19321      When a guest operating system is running in a virtual machine, it
    194       might be desirable to perform coordinated and automated logons
    195       using credentials from a master logon system. Credentials are user
     22      might be desirable to perform coordinated and automated logins
     23      using credentials from a master login system. Credentials are user
    19624      name, password, and domain name, where each value might be empty.
    19725    </para>
     
    19927    <sect2 id="autologon_win">
    20028
    201       <title>Automated Windows Guest Logons</title>
    202 
    203       <para>
    204         Since Windows NT, Windows has provided a modular system logon
     29      <title>Automated Windows Guest Logins</title>
     30
     31      <para>
     32        Since Windows NT, Windows has provided a modular system login
    20533        subsystem, called Winlogon, which can be customized and extended
    20634        by means of so-called GINA (Graphical Identification and
    20735        Authentication) modules. With Windows Vista and Windows 7, the
    20836        GINA modules were replaced with a new mechanism called
    209         credential providers. The VirtualBox Guest Additions for Windows
    210         come with both, a GINA and a credential provider module, and
    211         therefore enable any Windows guest to perform automated logons.
    212       </para>
    213 
    214       <para>
    215         To activate the VirtualBox GINA or credential provider module,
    216         install the Guest Additions using the command line switch
    217         <computeroutput>/with_autologon</computeroutput>. All the
     37        credential providers. The &product-name; Guest Additions for
     38        Windows come with both, a GINA and a credential provider module,
     39        and therefore enable any Windows guest to perform automated
     40        logins.
     41      </para>
     42
     43      <para>
     44        To activate the &product-name; GINA or credential provider
     45        module, install the Guest Additions using the command line
     46        switch <computeroutput>/with_autologon</computeroutput>. All the
    21847        following manual steps required for installing these modules
    21948        will be then done by the installer.
     
    22150
    22251      <para>
    223         To manually install the VirtualBox GINA module, extract the
     52        To manually install the &product-name; GINA module, extract the
    22453        Guest Additions as shown in
    22554        <xref linkend="windows-guest-file-extraction" /> and copy the
     
    22756        Windows <computeroutput>SYSTEM32</computeroutput> directory.
    22857        Then, in the registry, create the following key with a value of
    229         <computeroutput>VBoxGINA.dll</computeroutput>.:
     58        <computeroutput>VBoxGINA.dll</computeroutput>:
    23059      </para>
    23160
     
    23463      <note>
    23564        <para>
    236           The VirtualBox GINA module is implemented as a wrapper around
    237           the standard Windows GINA module,
     65          The &product-name; GINA module is implemented as a wrapper
     66          around the standard Windows GINA module,
    23867          <computeroutput>MSGINA.DLL</computeroutput>. As a result, it
    23968          may not work correctly with third party GINA modules.
     
    24271
    24372      <para>
    244         To manually install the VirtualBox credential provider module,
    245         extract the Guest Additions as shown in
     73        To manually install the &product-name; credential provider
     74        module, extract the Guest Additions as shown in
    24675        <xref
    24776      linkend="windows-guest-file-extraction" /> and copy
     
    24978        the Windows <computeroutput>SYSTEM32</computeroutput> directory.
    25079        In the registry, create the following keys:
     80      </para>
    25181
    25282<screen>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\
    253            Authentication\Credential Providers\{275D3BCC-22BB-4948-A7F6-3A3054EBA92B}
     83Authentication\Credential Providers\{275D3BCC-22BB-4948-A7F6-3A3054EBA92B}
    25484
    25585HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{275D3BCC-22BB-4948-A7F6-3A3054EBA92B}
    25686
    25787HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{275D3BCC-22BB-4948-A7F6-3A3054EBA92B}\InprocServer32</screen>
    258       </para>
    25988
    26089      <para>
     
    280109      <para>
    281110        While the VM is running, the credentials can be queried by the
    282         VirtualBox logon modules, GINA or credential provider, using the
    283         VirtualBox Guest Additions device driver. When Windows is in
    284         <emphasis>logged out</emphasis> mode, the logon modules will
    285         constantly poll for credentials and if they are present, a logon
    286         will be attempted. After retrieving the credentials, the logon
    287         modules will erase them so that the above command will have to
    288         be repeated for subsequent logons.
     111        &product-name; login modules, GINA or credential provider, using
     112        the &product-name; Guest Additions device driver. When Windows
     113        is in <emphasis>logged out</emphasis> mode, the login modules
     114        will constantly poll for credentials and if they are present, a
     115        login will be attempted. After retrieving the credentials, the
     116        login modules will erase them so that the above command will
     117        have to be repeated for subsequent logins.
    289118      </para>
    290119
     
    307136          <para>
    308137            For <emphasis role="bold">Windows XP guests.</emphasis> The
    309             logon subsystem needs to be configured to use the classic
    310             logon dialog as the VirtualBox GINA module does not support
    311             the XP-style welcome dialog.
     138            login subsystem needs to be configured to use the classic
     139            login dialog, as the &product-name; GINA module does not
     140            support the XP-style welcome dialog.
    312141          </para>
    313142        </listitem>
     
    315144        <listitem>
    316145          <para>
    317             <emphasis role="bold">Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Windows
    318             8 guests.</emphasis> The logon subsystem does not support
    319             the so-called Secure Attention Sequence,
     146            <emphasis role="bold">Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8,
     147            and Windows 10 guests.</emphasis> The login subsystem does
     148            not support the so-called Secure Attention Sequence,
    320149            <computeroutput>Ctrl+Alt+Del</computeroutput>. As a result,
    321150            the guest's group policy settings need to be changed to not
     
    330159        <listitem>
    331160          <para>
    332             Auto-logon handling of the built-in
     161            Automatic login handling of the built-in
    333162            <emphasis role="bold">Windows Remote Desktop
    334163            Service</emphasis>, formerly known as Terminal Services, is
     
    344173
    345174      <para>
    346         The following command forces VirtualBox to keep the credentials
    347         after they were read by the guest and on VM reset:
     175        The following command forces &product-name; to keep the
     176        credentials after they were read by the guest and on VM reset:
     177      </para>
    348178
    349179<screen>VBoxManage setextradata "Windows XP" VBoxInternal/Devices/VMMDev/0/Config/KeepCredentials 1</screen>
    350180
     181      <para>
    351182        Note that this is a potential security risk, as a malicious
    352183        application running on the guest could request this information
     
    358189    <sect2 id="autologon_unix">
    359190
    360       <title>Automated Linux and Unix Guest Logons</title>
    361 
    362       <para>
    363         Starting with version 3.2, VirtualBox provides a custom PAM
    364         module (Pluggable Authentication Module) which can be used to
    365         perform automated guest logons on platforms which support this
    366         framework. Virtually all modern Linux and Unix distributions
    367         rely on PAM.
    368       </para>
    369 
    370       <para>
    371         For automated logons on Ubuntu, or Ubuntu-derived, distributions
    372         using LightDM as the display manager, see
     191      <title>Automated Linux and UNIX Guest Logins</title>
     192
     193      <para>
     194        &product-name; provides a custom PAM module (Pluggable
     195        Authentication Module) which can be used to perform automated
     196        guest logins on platforms which support this framework.
     197        Virtually all modern Linux and UNIX distributions rely on PAM.
     198      </para>
     199
     200      <para>
     201        For automated logins on Ubuntu, or Ubuntu-derived, distributions
     202        using LightDM as the display manager. See
    373203        <xref linkend="autologon_unix_lightdm" />.
    374204      </para>
     
    413243        For example, to use <computeroutput>pam_vbox.so</computeroutput>
    414244        with a Ubuntu Linux guest OS and the GNOME Desktop Manager (GDM)
    415         to logon users automatically with the credentials passed by the
     245        to log in users automatically with the credentials passed by the
    416246        host, configure the guest OS as follows:
    417247      </para>
     
    450280            <computeroutput>use_first_pass</computeroutput> for
    451281            <computeroutput>pam_unix2.so</computeroutput> is needed in
    452             order to pass the credentials from the VirtualBox module to
    453             the shadow database authentication module. For Ubuntu, this
    454             needs to be added to
     282            order to pass the credentials from the &product-name; module
     283            to the shadow database authentication module. For Ubuntu,
     284            this needs to be added to
    455285            <computeroutput>/etc/pam.d/common-auth</computeroutput>, to
    456286            the end of the line referencing
    457287            <computeroutput>pam_unix.so</computeroutput>. This argument
    458288            tells the PAM module to use credentials already present in
    459             the stack, such as the ones provided by the VirtualBox PAM
    460             module.
     289            the stack, such as the ones provided by the &product-name;
     290            PAM module.
    461291          </para>
    462292        </listitem>
     
    480310      <note>
    481311        <para>
    482           By default, pam_vbox will not wait for credentials to arrive
    483           from the host. When a login prompt is shown, for example by
    484           GDM/KDM or the text console, and pam_vbox does not yet have
    485           credentials it does not wait until they arrive. Instead the
    486           next module in the PAM stack, depending on the PAM
    487           configuration, will have the chance for authentication.
     312          By default, <computeroutput>pam_vbox</computeroutput> will not
     313          wait for credentials to arrive from the host. When a login
     314          prompt is shown, for example by GDM/KDM or the text console,
     315          and pam_vbox does not yet have credentials it does not wait
     316          until they arrive. Instead the next module in the PAM stack,
     317          depending on the PAM configuration, will have the chance for
     318          authentication.
    488319        </para>
    489320      </note>
    490321
    491322      <para>
    492         Starting with VirtualBox 4.1.4 pam_vbox supports various guest
    493         property parameters which all reside in
     323        <computeroutput>pam_vbox</computeroutput> supports various guest
     324        property parameters that are located in
    494325        <computeroutput>/VirtualBox/GuestAdd/PAM/</computeroutput>.
    495326        These parameters allow pam_vbox to wait for credentials to be
     
    579410      <sect3 id="autologon_unix_lightdm">
    580411
    581         <title>VirtualBox Greeter for Ubuntu/LightDM</title>
    582 
    583         <para>
    584           Starting with version 4.2.12, VirtualBox comes with an own
    585           greeter module named vbox-greeter which can be used with
    586           LightDM 1.0.1 or later. LightDM is the default display manager
    587           since Ubuntu 10.11 and therefore also can be used for
    588           automated guest logons.
    589         </para>
    590 
    591         <para>
    592           vbox-greeter does not need the pam_vbox module described above
    593           in order to function. It comes with its own authentication
    594           mechanism provided by LightDM. However, to provide maximum of
    595           flexibility both modules can be used together on the same
    596           guest.
    597         </para>
    598 
    599         <para>
    600           As with the pam_vbox module, vbox-greeter is shipped as part
    601           of the Guest Additions but it is not installed or activated on
    602           the guest OS by default. To install vbox-greeter automatically
    603           upon Guest Additions installation, use the
     412        <title>&product-name; Greeter for Ubuntu/LightDM</title>
     413
     414        <para>
     415          &product-name; comes with an own greeter module, named
     416          vbox-greeter. The module can be used with LightDM 1.0.1 or
     417          later. LightDM is the default display manager since Ubuntu
     418          10.11 and therefore also can be used for automated guest
     419          logins.
     420        </para>
     421
     422        <para>
     423          vbox-greeter does not need the
     424          <computeroutput>pam_vbox</computeroutput> module described
     425          above in order to function. It comes with its own
     426          authentication mechanism provided by LightDM. However, to
     427          provide maximum of flexibility both modules can be used
     428          together on the same guest.
     429        </para>
     430
     431        <para>
     432          As with the <computeroutput>pam_vbox</computeroutput> module,
     433          vbox-greeter is shipped as part of the Guest Additions but it
     434          is not installed or activated on the guest OS by default. To
     435          install vbox-greeter automatically upon Guest Additions
     436          installation, use the
    604437          <computeroutput>--with-autologon</computeroutput> switch when
    605438          starting the VBoxLinuxAdditions.run file:
     
    613446          to be copied from
    614447          <computeroutput>/opt/VBoxGuestAdditions-&lt;version&gt;/other/</computeroutput>
    615           to the <computeroutput>xgreeters</computeroutput> directory,
    616           usually
     448          to the <computeroutput>xgreeters</computeroutput> directory
     449          This is usually
    617450          <computeroutput>/usr/share/xgreeters/</computeroutput>. Please
    618451          refer to your guest OS documentation for the correct LightDM
     
    622455        <para>
    623456          The vbox-greeter module itself already was installed by the
    624           VirtualBox Guest Additions installer and resides in
     457          &product-name; Guest Additions installer and resides in
    625458          <computeroutput>/usr/sbin/</computeroutput>. To enable
    626459          vbox-greeter as the standard greeter module, the file
     
    629462        </para>
    630463
    631         <para>
    632464<screen>[SeatDefaults]
    633465greeter-session=vbox-greeter</screen>
    634         </para>
    635466
    636467        <note>
     
    733564            <para>
    734565              <computeroutput>Theme/LogonDialog/BackgroundColor</computeroutput>:
    735               Hexadecimal RRGGBB color for the logon dialog background.
     566              Hexadecimal RRGGBB color for the login dialog background.
    736567              This property must be set read-only for the guest
    737568              (<computeroutput>RDONLYGUEST</computeroutput>).
     
    742573            <para>
    743574              <computeroutput>Theme/LogonDialog/ButtonColor</computeroutput>:
    744               Hexadecimal RRGGBB background color for the logon dialog
     575              Hexadecimal RRGGBB background color for the login dialog
    745576              button. This property must be set read-only for the guest
    746577              (<computeroutput>RDONLYGUEST</computeroutput>).
     
    784615
    785616      <para>
    786         Starting with VirtualBox 3.2.2, the Guest Additions offer a way
    787         to launch a system preparation on the guest operating system in
    788         an automated way, controlled from the host system. See
     617        The Guest Additions offer a way to launch a system preparation
     618        on the guest operating system in an automated way, controlled
     619        from the host system. See
    789620        <xref linkend="guestadd-guestcontrol" /> for details of how to
    790621        use this feature with the special identifier
     
    834665  <sect1 id="adv-config-linux-guest">
    835666
    836     <title>Advanced Configuration for Linux and Solaris Guests</title>
     667    <title>Advanced Configuration for Linux and Oracle Solaris Guests</title>
    837668
    838669    <sect2 id="linux-guest-manual-setup">
     
    841672
    842673      <para>
    843         The VirtualBox Guest Additions contain several different
     674        The &product-name; Guest Additions contain several different
    844675        drivers. If for any reason you do not wish to set them all up,
    845676        you can install the Guest Additions using the following command:
     
    866697        To setup the time synchronization service, add the service
    867698        vboxadd-service to the default runlevel. To set up the X11 and
    868         OpenGL part of the Guest Additions, run the command
     699        OpenGL part of the Guest Additions, run the following command:
     700      </para>
    869701
    870702<screen>  rcvboxadd-x11 setup</screen>
    871703
     704      <para>
    872705        You do not need to enable any services for this.
    873706      </para>
     
    875708      <para>
    876709        To recompile the guest kernel modules, use this command:
     710      </para>
    877711
    878712<screen>  rcvboxadd setup</screen>
    879713
     714      <para>
    880715        After compilation you should reboot your guest to ensure that
    881716        the new modules are actually used.
     
    896731
    897732      <para>
    898         The VirtualBox Guest Additions include the following drivers for
    899         X.Org versions:
     733        The &product-name; Guest Additions include the following drivers
     734        for X.Org versions:
    900735      </para>
    901736
     
    947782        load the vboxvideo driver. Many recent X server versions look
    948783        for it automatically if they see that they are running in
    949         VirtualBox. For an optimal user experience the guest kernel
     784        &product-name;. For an optimal user experience the guest kernel
    950785        drivers must be loaded and the Guest Additions tool VBoxClient
    951786        must be running as a client in the X session. For mouse
     
    960795
    961796      <para>
    962         The VirtualBox guest graphics driver can use any graphics
     797        The &product-name; guest graphics driver can use any graphics
    963798        configuration for which the virtual resolution fits into the
    964799        virtual video memory allocated to the virtual machine, minus a
     
    977812
    978813      <para>
    979         With pre-1.3 X Servers you can also add your own modes to the X
    980         server configuration file. You simply need to add them to the
    981         "Modes" list in the "Display" subsection of the "Screen"
    982         section. For example, the following section has a custom
    983         2048x800 resolution mode added:
     814        With X Servers before version 1.3, you can also add your own
     815        modes to the X server configuration file. You simply need to add
     816        them to the "Modes" list in the "Display" subsection of the
     817        "Screen" section. For example, the following section has a
     818        custom 2048x800 resolution mode added:
    984819      </para>
    985820
     
    1005840    <para>
    1006841      With virtual machines running modern server operating systems,
    1007       VirtualBox supports CPU hot-plugging.
    1008 
    1009       <footnote>
    1010 
    1011         <para>
    1012           Support for CPU hot-plugging was introduced with VirtualBox
    1013           3.2.
    1014         </para>
    1015 
    1016       </footnote>
    1017 
    1018       Whereas on a physical computer this would mean that a CPU can be
    1019       added or removed while the machine is running, VirtualBox supports
    1020       adding and removing virtual CPUs while a virtual machine is
    1021       running.
     842      &product-name; supports CPU hot-plugging.
     843    </para>
     844
     845    <para>
     846      On a physical computer CPU hot-plugging would mean that a CPU can
     847      be added or removed while the machine is running. &product-name;
     848      supports adding and removing of virtual CPUs while a virtual
     849      machine is running.
    1022850    </para>
    1023851
    1024852    <para>
    1025853      CPU hot-plugging works only with guest operating systems that
    1026       support it. So far this applies only to Linux and Windows Server
    1027       2008 x64 Data Center Edition. Windows supports only hot-add while
    1028       Linux supports hot-add and hot-remove but to use this feature with
    1029       more than 8 CPUs a 64bit Linux guest is required.
    1030     </para>
    1031 
    1032     <para>
    1033       At this time, CPU hot-plugging requires using the VBoxManage
     854      support the feature. So far this applies only to Linux and Windows
     855      Server. Windows supports only hot-add, while Linux supports
     856      hot-add and hot-remove. To use this feature with more than 8 CPUs,
     857      a 64-bit Linux guest is required.
     858    </para>
     859
     860    <para>
     861      CPU hot-plugging is done using the <command>VBoxManage</command>
    1034862      command-line interface. First, hot-plugging needs to be enabled
    1035863      for a virtual machine:
     864    </para>
    1036865
    1037866<screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --cpuhotplug on</screen>
    1038     </para>
    1039 
    1040     <para>
    1041       After that, the <computeroutput>--cpus</computeroutput> option
    1042       specifies the maximum number of CPUs that the virtual machine can
     867
     868    <para>
     869      The <computeroutput>--cpus</computeroutput> option is used to
     870      specify the maximum number of CPUs that the virtual machine can
    1043871      have:
     872    </para>
    1044873
    1045874<screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --cpus 8</screen>
    1046875
     876    <para>
    1047877      When the VM is off, you can then add and remove virtual CPUs with
    1048878      the <computeroutput>modifyvm --plugcpu</computeroutput> and
    1049879      <computeroutput>--unplugcpu</computeroutput> subcommands, which
    1050       take the number of the virtual CPU as a parameter, like this:
     880      take the number of the virtual CPU as a parameter, as follows:
     881    </para>
    1051882
    1052883<screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --plugcpu 3
    1053884VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --unplugcpu 3</screen>
    1054885
     886    <para>
    1055887      Note that CPU 0 can never be removed.
    1056888    </para>
     
    1059891      While the VM is running, CPUs can be added and removed with the
    1060892      <computeroutput>controlvm plugcpu</computeroutput> and
    1061       <computeroutput>unplugcpu</computeroutput> commands instead:
     893      <computeroutput>unplugcpu</computeroutput> commands instead, as
     894      follows:
     895    </para>
    1062896
    1063897<screen>VBoxManage controlvm "VM name" plugcpu 3
    1064898VBoxManage controlvm "VM name" unplugcpu 3</screen>
    1065     </para>
    1066899
    1067900    <para>
     
    1094927
    1095928    <para>
    1096       When running on Linux hosts, with a recent enough kernel, at least
    1097       version <computeroutput>2.6.31</computeroutput>, experimental host
    1098       PCI devices passthrough is available.
    1099 
    1100       <footnote>
    1101 
    1102         <para>
    1103           Experimental support for PCI passthrough was introduced with
    1104           VirtualBox 4.1.
    1105         </para>
    1106 
    1107       </footnote>
     929      When running on Linux hosts with a kernel version later than
     930      <computeroutput>2.6.31</computeroutput>, experimental host PCI
     931      devices passthrough is available.
    1108932    </para>
    1109933
    1110934    <note>
    1111935      <para>
    1112         The PCI passthrough module is shipped as a VirtualBox extension
    1113         package, which must be installed separately. See
     936        The PCI passthrough module is shipped as a &product-name;
     937        extension package, which must be installed separately. See
    1114938        <xref
    1115939      linkend="intro-installing" />.
     
    1118942
    1119943    <para>
    1120       Essentially this feature allows a guest to directly use physical
    1121       PCI devices on the host, even if host does not have drivers for
    1122       this particular device. Both, regular PCI and some PCI Express
    1123       cards, are supported. AGP and certain PCI Express cards are not
    1124       supported at the moment if they rely on Graphics Address Remapping
    1125       Table (GART) unit programming for texture management as it does
    1126       rather non-trivial operations with pages remapping interfering
    1127       with IOMMU. This limitation may be lifted in future releases.
    1128     </para>
    1129 
    1130     <para>
    1131       To be fully functional, PCI passthrough support in VirtualBox
     944      This feature enables a guest to directly use physical PCI devices
     945      on the host, even if host does not have drivers for this
     946      particular device. Both, regular PCI and some PCI Express cards,
     947      are supported. AGP and certain PCI Express cards are not supported
     948      at the moment if they rely on Graphics Address Remapping Table
     949      (GART) unit programming for texture management as it does rather
     950      non-trivial operations with pages remapping interfering with
     951      IOMMU. This limitation may be lifted in future releases.
     952    </para>
     953
     954    <para>
     955      To be fully functional, PCI passthrough support in &product-name;
    1132956      depends upon an IOMMU hardware unit which is not yet too widely
    1133957      available. If the device uses bus mastering, for example it
     
    12091033      next step is to select the PCI card and attach it to the guest. To
    12101034      figure out the list of available PCI devices, use the
    1211       <computeroutput>lspci</computeroutput> command. The output will
    1212       look as follows:
     1035      <command>lspci</command> command. The output will look as follows:
    12131036    </para>
    12141037
     
    12421065      different PCI address to the card attached during runtime, so
    12431066      those addresses only apply to the address of the card at the
    1244       moment of attachment (host), and during BIOS PCI init (guest).
     1067      moment of attachment on the host, and during BIOS PCI init on the
     1068      guest.
    12451069    </para>
    12461070
     
    12941118
    12951119      <para>
    1296         VirtualBox 4.3 includes an experimental feature which allows a
    1297         guest to use a host webcam. This complements the general USB
    1298         passthrough support which was the typical way of using host
    1299         webcams in earlier versions. The webcam passthrough support can
    1300         handle non-USB video sources in theory, but this is completely
    1301         untested.
     1120        &product-name; 4.3 includes an experimental feature which
     1121        enables a guest to use a host webcam. This complements the
     1122        general USB passthrough support which was the typical way of
     1123        using host webcams in earlier versions. The webcam passthrough
     1124        support can handle non-USB video sources in theory, but this is
     1125        completely untested.
    13021126      </para>
    13031127
    13041128      <note>
    13051129        <para>
    1306           The webcam passthrough module is shipped as part of the Oracle
    1307           VM VirtualBox extension pack, which must be installed
     1130          The webcam passthrough module is shipped as part of the
     1131          &product-name; extension pack, which must be installed
    13081132          separately. See <xref
    13091133        linkend="intro-installing" />.
     
    13121136
    13131137      <para>
    1314         The host webcam can be attached to the VM using Devices menu in
    1315         the VM menu bar. The Webcams menu contains a list of available
    1316         video input devices on the host. Clicking on a webcam name
    1317         attaches or detaches the corresponding host device.
    1318       </para>
    1319 
    1320       <para>
    1321         The VBoxManage command line tool can be used to enable webcam
    1322         passthrough. Please see the host-specific sections below for
    1323         additional details. The following commands are available:
     1138        The host webcam can be attached to the VM using the
     1139        <emphasis role="bold">Devices</emphasis> menu in the VM menu
     1140        bar. The <emphasis role="bold">Webcams</emphasis> menu contains
     1141        a list of available video input devices on the host. Clicking on
     1142        a webcam name attaches or detaches the corresponding host
     1143        device.
     1144      </para>
     1145
     1146      <para>
     1147        The <command>VBoxManage</command> command line tool can be used
     1148        to enable webcam passthrough. Please see the host-specific
     1149        sections below for additional details. The following commands
     1150        are available:
    13241151      </para>
    13251152
     
    13501177        <listitem>
    13511178          <para>
    1352             Attach a webcam to a running VM:
     1179            Attach a webcam to a running VM, as follows:
     1180          </para>
    13531181
    13541182<screen>VBoxManage controlvm "VM name" webcam attach [host_path|alias [settings]]</screen>
    13551183
    1356             This will attach a USB webcam device to the guest.
     1184          <para>
     1185            This attaches a USB webcam device to the guest.
    13571186          </para>
    13581187
     
    13961225        <listitem>
    13971226          <para>
    1398             Detach a webcam from a running VM:
     1227            Detach a webcam from a running VM, as follows:
     1228          </para>
    13991229
    14001230<screen>VBoxManage controlvm "VM name" webcam detach [host_path|alias]</screen>
    1401           </para>
    14021231        </listitem>
    14031232
    14041233        <listitem>
    14051234          <para>
    1406             List the webcams attached to a running VM:
     1235            List the webcams attached to a running VM, as follows:
     1236          </para>
    14071237
    14081238<screen>VBoxManage controlvm "VM name" webcam list</screen>
    14091239
     1240          <para>
    14101241            The output contains the path or alias which was used in the
    1411             <computeroutput>webcam attach</computeroutput> command for
    1412             each attached webcam.
     1242            <command>webcam attach</command> command for each attached
     1243            webcam.
    14131244          </para>
    14141245        </listitem>
     
    14481279    <sect2 id="webcam-linux-hosts">
    14491280
    1450       <title>Linux and Solaris Hosts</title>
     1281      <title>Linux and Oracle Solaris Hosts</title>
    14511282
    14521283      <para>
     
    14791310
    14801311      <para>
    1481         Apart from the standard VESA resolutions, the VirtualBox VESA
    1482         BIOS allows you to add up to 16 custom video modes which will be
    1483         reported to the guest operating system. When using Windows
    1484         guests with the VirtualBox Guest Additions, a custom graphics
    1485         driver will be used instead of the fallback VESA solution so
    1486         this information does not apply.
     1312        Apart from the standard VESA resolutions, the &product-name;
     1313        VESA BIOS enables you to add up to 16 custom video modes which
     1314        will be reported to the guest operating system. When using
     1315        Windows guests with the &product-name; Guest Additions, a custom
     1316        graphics driver will be used instead of the fallback VESA
     1317        solution so this information does not apply.
    14871318      </para>
    14881319
     
    14901321        Additional video modes can be configured for each VM using the
    14911322        extra data facility. The extra data key is called
    1492         <literal>CustomVideoMode&lt;x&gt;</literal> with
    1493         <literal>x</literal> being a number from 1 to 16. Please note
    1494         that modes will be read from 1 until either the following number
    1495         is not defined or 16 is reached. The following example adds a
    1496         video mode that corresponds to the native display resolution of
    1497         many notebook computers:
     1323        <computeroutput>CustomVideoMode&lt;x&gt;</computeroutput> with
     1324        <computeroutput>x</computeroutput> being a number from 1 to 16.
     1325        Please note that modes will be read from 1 until either the
     1326        following number is not defined or 16 is reached. The following
     1327        example adds a video mode that corresponds to the native display
     1328        resolution of many notebook computers:
    14981329      </para>
    14991330
     
    15021333      <para>
    15031334        The VESA mode IDs for custom video modes start at
    1504         <literal>0x160</literal>. In order to use the above defined
    1505         custom video mode, the following command line has be supplied to
    1506         Linux:
     1335        <computeroutput>0x160</computeroutput>. In order to use the
     1336        above defined custom video mode, the following command line has
     1337        to be supplied to Linux:
    15071338      </para>
    15081339
     
    15111342
    15121343      <para>
    1513         For guest operating systems with VirtualBox Guest Additions, a
    1514         custom video mode can be set using the video mode hint feature.
     1344        For guest operating systems with &product-name; Guest Additions,
     1345        a custom video mode can be set using the video mode hint
     1346        feature.
    15151347      </para>
    15161348
     
    15241356      <para>
    15251357        When guest systems with the Guest Additions installed are
    1526         started using the graphical frontend, the normal VirtualBox
     1358        started using the graphical frontend, the normal &product-name;
    15271359        application, they will not be allowed to use screen resolutions
    15281360        greater than the host's screen size unless the user manually
    15291361        resizes them by dragging the window, switching to full screen or
    1530         seamless mode or sending a video mode hint using VBoxManage.
    1531         This behavior is what most users will want, but if you have
    1532         different needs, it is possible to change it by issuing one of
    1533         the following commands from the command line:
     1362        seamless mode or sending a video mode hint using
     1363        <command>VBoxManage</command>. This behavior is what most users
     1364        will want, but if you have different needs, it is possible to
     1365        change it by issuing one of the following commands from the
     1366        command line:
    15341367      </para>
    15351368
     
    15661399
    15671400      <para>
    1568         Starting with version 1.4, as an alternative to using virtual
    1569         disk images as described in <xref linkend="storage" />,
    1570         VirtualBox can also present either entire physical hard disks or
    1571         selected partitions as virtual disks to virtual machines.
    1572       </para>
    1573 
    1574       <para>
    1575         With VirtualBox, this type of access is called <emphasis>raw
    1576         hard disk access</emphasis>. It allows a guest operating system
     1401        As an alternative to using virtual disk images as described in
     1402        <xref linkend="storage" />, &product-name; can also present
     1403        either entire physical hard disks or selected partitions as
     1404        virtual disks to virtual machines.
     1405      </para>
     1406
     1407      <para>
     1408        With &product-name;, this type of access is called <emphasis>raw
     1409        hard disk access</emphasis>. It enables a guest operating system
    15771410        to access its virtual hard disk without going through the host
    15781411        OS file system. The actual performance difference for image
     
    16071440        regular virtual disk image. For example, you can use the
    16081441        VirtualBox Manager, see <xref linkend="vdis" />, or
    1609         <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput> to assign the image
    1610         to a virtual machine.
     1442        <command>VBoxManage</command> to assign the image to a virtual
     1443        machine.
    16111444      </para>
    16121445
     
    16301463          On a Linux host, to create an image that represents an entire
    16311464          physical hard disk which will not contain any actual data, as
    1632           this will all be stored on the physical disk, use the command
     1465          this will all be stored on the physical disk, use the
     1466          following command:
     1467        </para>
    16331468
    16341469<screen>VBoxManage internalcommands createrawvmdk -filename /path/to/file.vmdk
    16351470      -rawdisk /dev/sda</screen>
    16361471
    1637           This creates the image <code>/path/to/file.vmdk</code>, which
     1472        <para>
     1473          This creates the image
     1474          <computeroutput>/path/to/file.vmdk</computeroutput>, which
    16381475          must be an absolute path. All data will be read and written
    1639           from <code>/dev/sda</code>.
     1476          from <computeroutput>/dev/sda</computeroutput>.
    16401477        </para>
    16411478
    16421479        <para>
    16431480          On a Windows host, instead of the above device specification,
    1644           use e.g. <code>\\.\PhysicalDrive0</code>. On a Mac OS X host,
    1645           instead of the above device specification use e.g.
    1646           <code>/dev/disk1</code>. Note that on OS X you can only get
    1647           access to an entire disk if no volume is mounted from it.
     1481          for example use
     1482          <computeroutput>\\.\PhysicalDrive0</computeroutput>. On a Mac
     1483          OS X host, instead of the above device specification use for
     1484          example <computeroutput>/dev/disk1</computeroutput>. Note that
     1485          on OS X you can only get access to an entire disk if no volume
     1486          is mounted from it.
    16481487        </para>
    16491488
     
    16601499          automatically attach the newly created image to a virtual
    16611500          machine. This can be done as follows:
     1501        </para>
    16621502
    16631503<screen>VBoxManage storageattach WindowsXP --storagectl "IDE Controller"
    16641504      --port 0 --device 0 --type hdd --medium /path/to/file.vmdk</screen>
    16651505
     1506        <para>
    16661507          When this is done the selected virtual machine will boot from
    16671508          the specified physical disk.
     
    17011542          except for the additional
    17021543          <computeroutput>-partitions</computeroutput> parameter. This
    1703           example would create the image <code>/path/to/file.vmdk</code>
    1704           (which, again, must be absolute), and partitions 1 and 5 of
    1705           <code>/dev/sda</code> would be made accessible to the guest.
    1706         </para>
    1707 
    1708         <para>
    1709           VirtualBox uses the same partition numbering as your Linux
     1544          example would create the image
     1545          <computeroutput>/path/to/file.vmdk</computeroutput>, which
     1546          must be absolute, and partitions 1 and 5 of
     1547          <computeroutput>/dev/sda</computeroutput> would be made
     1548          accessible to the guest.
     1549        </para>
     1550
     1551        <para>
     1552          &product-name; uses the same partition numbering as your Linux
    17101553          host. As a result, the numbers given in the above example
    17111554          would refer to the first primary partition and the first
     
    17151558        <para>
    17161559          On a Windows host, instead of the above device specification,
    1717           use e.g. <code>\\.\PhysicalDrive0</code>. On a Mac OS X host,
    1718           instead of the above device specification use
    1719           <code>/dev/disk1</code>, for example. Note that on OS X you
    1720           can only use partitions which are not mounted. Eject the
    1721           respective volume first. Partition numbers are the same on
    1722           Linux, Windows, and Mac OS X hosts.
     1560          use for example
     1561          <computeroutput>\\.\PhysicalDrive0</computeroutput>. On a Mac
     1562          OS X host, instead of the above device specification use
     1563          <computeroutput>/dev/disk1</computeroutput>, for example. Note
     1564          that on OS X you can only use partitions which are not
     1565          mounted. Eject the respective volume first. Partition numbers
     1566          are the same on Linux, Windows, and Mac OS X hosts.
    17231567        </para>
    17241568
    17251569        <para>
    17261570          The numbers for the list of partitions can be taken from the
    1727           output of
     1571          output of the following command:
     1572        </para>
    17281573
    17291574<screen>VBoxManage internalcommands listpartitions -rawdisk /dev/sda</screen>
    17301575
     1576        <para>
    17311577          The output lists the partition types and sizes to give the
    17321578          user enough information to identify the partitions necessary
     
    17571603          When used from a virtual machine, the image will then refer
    17581604          not to the entire disk, but only to the individual partitions.
    1759           In this example, <code>/dev/sda1</code> and
    1760           <code>/dev/sda5</code>. As a consequence, read/write access is
    1761           only required for the affected partitions, not for the entire
    1762           disk. During creation however, read-only access to the entire
    1763           disk is required to obtain the partitioning information.
     1605          In this example, <computeroutput>/dev/sda1</computeroutput>
     1606          and <computeroutput>/dev/sda5</computeroutput>. As a
     1607          consequence, read/write access is only required for the
     1608          affected partitions, not for the entire disk. During creation
     1609          however, read-only access to the entire disk is required to
     1610          obtain the partitioning information.
    17641611        </para>
    17651612
     
    17681615          code of the created image. For example, to replace the Linux
    17691616          boot loader that is used on the host by another boot loader.
    1770           This allows for example the guest to boot directly to Windows,
    1771           while the host boots Linux from the "same" disk. For this
    1772           purpose the <computeroutput>-mbr</computeroutput> parameter is
    1773           provided. It specifies a file name from which to take the MBR
    1774           code. The partition table is not modified at all, so a MBR
    1775           file from a system with totally different partitioning can be
    1776           used. An example of this is:
     1617          This enables for example the guest to boot directly to
     1618          Windows, while the host boots Linux from the "same" disk. For
     1619          this purpose the <computeroutput>-mbr</computeroutput>
     1620          parameter is provided. It specifies a file name from which to
     1621          take the MBR code. The partition table is not modified at all,
     1622          so a MBR file from a system with totally different
     1623          partitioning can be used. An example of this is:
    17771624        </para>
    17781625
     
    17991646
    18001647      <para>
    1801         VirtualBox reports vendor product data for its virtual hard
     1648        &product-name; reports vendor product data for its virtual hard
    18021649        disks which consist of hard disk serial number, firmware
    18031650        revision and model number. These can be changed using the
     
    18631710    <sect2 id="iscsi-intnet">
    18641711
    1865       <title>Access iSCSI Targets via Internal Networking</title>
    1866 
    1867       <para>
    1868         As an experimental feature, VirtualBox allows for accessing an
    1869         iSCSI target running in a virtual machine which is configured
    1870         for using Internal Networking mode. See
     1712      <title>Access iSCSI Targets Using Internal Networking</title>
     1713
     1714      <para>
     1715        As an experimental feature, &product-name; enables access to an
     1716        iSCSI target running in a virtual machine which is configured to
     1717        use Internal Networking mode. See
    18711718        <xref linkend="storage-iscsi" />,
    18721719        <xref linkend="network_internal" />, and
     
    18971744        Finally the iSCSI disk must be attached with the
    18981745        <computeroutput>--intnet</computeroutput> option to tell the
    1899         iSCSI initiator to use internal networking:
     1746        iSCSI initiator to use internal networking, as follows:
     1747      </para>
    19001748
    19011749<screen>VBoxManage storageattach ... --medium iscsi
    19021750         --server 10.0.9.30 --target iqn.2008-12.com.sun:sampletarget --intnet</screen>
    1903       </para>
    19041751
    19051752      <para>
     
    19261773
    19271774    <para>
    1928       Starting with version 1.4, VirtualBox provided support for virtual
    1929       serial ports, which, at the time, was rather complicated to set up
    1930       with a sequence of <computeroutput>VBoxManage
    1931       setextradata</computeroutput> statements. Since version 1.5, that
    1932       way of setting up serial ports is no longer necessary and
     1775      In legacy releases, &product-name; provided support for virtual
     1776      serial ports. This was rather complicated to set up, requiring a
     1777      sequence of <command>VBoxManage setextradata</command> statements.
     1778      That method of setting up serial ports is no longer necessary and
    19331779      <emphasis>deprecated.</emphasis> To set up virtual serial ports,
    1934       use the methods described in <xref
    1935     linkend="serialports" />.
     1780      use the methods described in <xref linkend="serialports" />.
    19361781    </para>
    19371782
    19381783    <note>
    19391784      <para>
    1940         For backwards compatibility, the old
     1785        For backwards compatibility, the legacy
    19411786        <computeroutput>setextradata</computeroutput> statements, whose
    19421787        description is retained below from the old version of the
     
    19491794
    19501795    <para>
    1951       The old sequence of configuring a serial port used the following
    1952       commands:
     1796      The legacy sequence of configuring a serial port used the
     1797      following commands:
    19531798    </para>
    19541799
     
    19771822      <computeroutput>Location</computeroutput> can be chosen more
    19781823      freely. Local domain sockets can be placed anywhere, provided the
    1979       user running VirtualBox has the permission to create a new file in
    1980       the directory. The final command above defines that VirtualBox
    1981       acts as a server. It creates the named pipe itself instead of
    1982       connecting to an already existing one.
     1824      user running &product-name; has the permission to create a new
     1825      file in the directory. The final command above defines that
     1826      &product-name; acts as a server. It creates the named pipe itself
     1827      instead of connecting to an already existing one.
    19831828    </para>
    19841829
     
    19871832  <sect1 id="changenat">
    19881833
    1989     <title>Fine Tuning the VirtualBox NAT Engine</title>
     1834    <title>Fine Tuning the &product-name; NAT Engine</title>
    19901835
    19911836    <sect2 id="nat-address-config">
     
    20301875
    20311876      <para>
    2032         For network booting in NAT mode, by default VirtualBox uses a
    2033         built-in TFTP server at the IP address 10.0.2.4. This default
     1877        For network booting in NAT mode, by default &product-name; uses
     1878        a built-in TFTP server at the IP address 10.0.2.4. This default
    20341879        behavior should work fine for typical remote-booting scenarios.
    20351880        However, it is possible to change the boot server IP and the
    20361881        location of the boot image with the following commands:
     1882      </para>
    20371883
    20381884<screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --nattftpserver1 10.0.2.2
    20391885VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --nattftpfile1 /srv/tftp/boot/MyPXEBoot.pxe</screen>
    2040       </para>
    20411886
    20421887    </sect2>
     
    20471892
    20481893      <para>
    2049         The VirtualBox NAT stack performance is often determined by its
    2050         interaction with the host's TCP/IP stack and the size of several
    2051         buffers (<computeroutput>SO_RCVBUF</computeroutput> and
    2052         <computeroutput>SO_SNDBUF</computeroutput>). For certain setups
     1894        The &product-name; NAT stack performance is often determined by
     1895        its interaction with the host's TCP/IP stack and the size of
     1896        several buffers, <computeroutput>SO_RCVBUF</computeroutput> and
     1897        <computeroutput>SO_SNDBUF</computeroutput>. For certain setups
    20531898        users might want to adjust the buffer size for a better
    20541899        performance. This can by achieved using the following commands,
    20551900        where values are in kilobytes and can range from 8 to 1024:
     1901      </para>
    20561902
    20571903<screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --natsettings1 16000,128,128,0,0</screen>
    20581904
     1905      <para>
    20591906        This example illustrates tuning the NAT settings. The first
    20601907        parameter is the MTU, then the size of the socket's send buffer
     
    20771924
    20781925      <para>
    2079         By default, VirtualBox's NAT engine will route TCP/IP packets
    2080         through the default interface assigned by the host's TCP/IP
    2081         stack. The technical reason for this is that the NAT engine uses
    2082         sockets for communication. If you want to change this behavior,
    2083         you can tell the NAT engine to bind to a particular IP address
    2084         instead. Use the following command:
     1926        By default, &product-name;'s NAT engine will route TCP/IP
     1927        packets through the default interface assigned by the host's
     1928        TCP/IP stack. The technical reason for this is that the NAT
     1929        engine uses sockets for communication. If you want to change
     1930        this behavior, you can tell the NAT engine to bind to a
     1931        particular IP address instead. For example, use the following
     1932        command:
     1933      </para>
    20851934
    20861935<screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --natbindip1 "10.45.0.2"</screen>
    2087       </para>
    20881936
    20891937      <para>
    20901938        After this, all outgoing traffic will be sent through the
    2091         interface with the IP address 10.45.0.2. Please make sure that
    2092         this interface is up and running prior to this assignment.
     1939        interface with the IP address 10.45.0.2. Ensure that this
     1940        interface is up and running before changing the NAT bind
     1941        address.
    20931942      </para>
    20941943
     
    21201969        offers a list of registered DNS servers of the host. If for some
    21211970        reason you need to hide this DNS server list and use the host's
    2122         resolver settings, thereby forcing the VirtualBox NAT engine to
    2123         intercept DNS requests and forward them to host's resolver, use
    2124         the following command:
     1971        resolver settings, thereby forcing the &product-name; NAT engine
     1972        to intercept DNS requests and forward them to host's resolver,
     1973        use the following command:
    21251974      </para>
    21261975
     
    21421991          In some cases it might be useful to intercept the name
    21431992          resolving mechanism, providing a user-defined IP address on a
    2144           particular DNS request. The intercepting mechanism allows the
     1993          particular DNS request. The intercepting mechanism enables the
    21451994          user to map not only a single host but domains and even more
    21461995          complex naming conventions if required.
     
    22092058        protocols might need a more transparent behavior or may depend
    22102059        on the real port number the packet was sent from. It is possible
    2211         to change the NAT mode via the VBoxManage frontend with the
    2212         following commands:
     2060        to change the NAT mode using the <command>VBoxManage</command>
     2061        frontend with the following commands:
     2062      </para>
    22132063
    22142064<screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --nataliasmode1 proxyonly</screen>
    22152065
    2216         and
    2217 
    22182066<screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "Linux Guest" --nataliasmode1 sameports</screen>
    22192067
     2068      <para>
    22202069        The first example disables aliasing and switches NAT into
    22212070        transparent mode, the second example enforces preserving of port
     
    22322081
    22332082    <para>
    2234       The DMI data that VirtualBox provides to guests can be changed for
    2235       a specific VM. Use the following commands to configure the DMI
     2083      The DMI data that &product-name; provides to guests can be changed
     2084      for a specific VM. Use the following commands to configure the DMI
    22362085      BIOS information. In case your VM is configured to use EFI
    2237       firmware you need to replace <code>pcbios</code> by
    2238       <code>efi</code> in the keys.
     2086      firmware you need to replace
     2087      <computeroutput>pcbios</computeroutput> by
     2088      <computeroutput>efi</computeroutput> in the keys.
    22392089    </para>
    22402090
     
    23472197
    23482198    <para>
    2349       If a DMI string is not set, the default value of VirtualBox is
     2199      If a DMI string is not set, the default value of &product-name; is
    23502200      used. To set an empty string use
    23512201      <computeroutput>"&lt;EMPTY&gt;"</computeroutput>.
     
    23702220      information of the host to the guest to prevent Windows from
    23712221      asking for a new product key. On Linux hosts, the DMI BIOS
    2372       information can be obtained with:
     2222      information can be obtained with the following command:
     2223    </para>
    23732224
    23742225<screen>dmidecode -t0</screen>
    23752226
    2376       The DMI system information can be obtained with:
     2227    <para>
     2228      The DMI system information can be obtained as follows:
     2229    </para>
    23772230
    23782231<screen>dmidecode -t1</screen>
    2379     </para>
    23802232
    23812233  </sect1>
     
    23862238
    23872239    <para>
    2388       VirtualBox can be configured to present up to four custom ACPI tables
    2389       to the guest. A command such as the following can be used to configure
    2390       custom ACPI tables (note that CustomTable1, CustomTable2, and
    2391       CustomTable3 are available in addition to CustomTable0):
     2240      &product-name; can be configured to present up to four custom ACPI
     2241      tables to the guest. A command such as the following can be used
     2242      to configure custom ACPI tables. Note that CustomTable1,
     2243      CustomTable2, and CustomTable3 are available in addition to
     2244      CustomTable0.
    23922245    </para>
    23932246
     
    23962249
    23972250    <para>
    2398       Configuring custom ACPI tables can for example avoid the need to
    2399       ask for a new product key in Windows Vista/7/8 and later guests.
    2400     </para>
    2401 
    2402     <para>
    2403       On Linux hosts, one of the system's ACPI tables can be read from
    2404       <filename>/sys/firmware/acpi/tables/</filename>.
     2251      Configuring custom ACPI tables can for example avoid the need for
     2252      asking for a new product key on Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows
     2253      8 and later guests. On Linux hosts, one of the system's ACPI
     2254      tables can be read from
     2255      <computeroutput>/sys/firmware/acpi/tables/</computeroutput>.
    24052256    </para>
    24062257
     
    24172268
    24182269      <para>
    2419         By default, VirtualBox keeps all sources of time visible to the
    2420         guest synchronized to a single time source, the monotonic host
    2421         time. This reflects the assumptions of many guest operating
     2270        By default, &product-name; keeps all sources of time visible to
     2271        the guest synchronized to a single time source, the monotonic
     2272        host time. This reflects the assumptions of many guest operating
    24222273        systems, which expect all time sources to reflect "wall clock"
    24232274        time. In special circumstances it may be useful however to make
     
    24782329        that any time synchronization mechanism will frequently try to
    24792330        resynchronize the guest clock with the reference clock, which is
    2480         the host clock if the VirtualBox Guest Additions are active.
     2331        the host clock if the &product-name; Guest Additions are active.
    24812332        Therefore any time synchronization should be disabled if the
    24822333        rate of the guest clock is changed as described above. See
     
    24912342
    24922343      <para>
    2493         The VirtualBox Guest Additions ensure that the guest's system
    2494         time is synchronized with the host time. There are several
    2495         parameters which can be tuned. The parameters can be set for a
    2496         specific VM using the following command:
     2344        The &product-name; Guest Additions ensure that the guest's
     2345        system time is synchronized with the host time. There are
     2346        several parameters which can be tuned. The parameters can be set
     2347        for a specific VM using the following command:
    24972348      </para>
    24982349
     
    26042455            <para>
    26052456              Set the time after the VM was restored from a saved state
    2606               when passing 1 as parameter (default). Disable by passing
    2607               0. In the latter case, the time will be adjusted smoothly
    2608               which can take a long time.
     2457              when passing 1 as parameter. This is the default. Disable
     2458              by passing 0. In the latter case, the time will be
     2459              adjusted smoothly, which can take a long time.
    26092460            </para>
    26102461          </listitem>
     
    26252476
    26262477      <para>
    2627         Once installed and started, the VirtualBox Guest Additions will
    2628         try to synchronize the guest time with the host time. This can
    2629         be prevented by forbidding the guest service from reading the
    2630         host clock:
     2478        Once installed and started, the &product-name; Guest Additions
     2479        will try to synchronize the guest time with the host time. This
     2480        can be prevented by forbidding the guest service from reading
     2481        the host clock:
    26312482      </para>
    26322483
     
    26392490  <sect1 id="vboxbowsolaris11">
    26402491
    2641     <title>Installing the Alternate Bridged Networking Driver on Solaris 11 hosts</title>
    2642 
    2643     <para>
    2644       Starting with VirtualBox 4.1, VirtualBox ships a new network
    2645       filter driver that utilizes Solaris 11's Crossbow functionality.
    2646       By default, this new driver is installed for Solaris 11 hosts
    2647       (builds 159 and above) that has support for it.
     2492    <title>Installing the Alternate Bridged Networking Driver on Oracle Solaris 11
     2493      hosts</title>
     2494
     2495    <para>
     2496      &product-name; includes a network filter driver that utilizes
     2497      Oracle Solaris 11's Crossbow functionality. By default, this new
     2498      driver is installed for Oracle Solaris 11 hosts, builds 159 and
     2499      above, that have support for it.
    26482500    </para>
    26492501
     
    26512503      To force installation of the older STREAMS based network filter
    26522504      driver, execute as root the following command before installing
    2653       the VirtualBox package:
     2505      the &product-name; package:
    26542506    </para>
    26552507
     
    26592511      To force installation of the Crossbow based network filter driver,
    26602512      execute as root the following command before installing the
    2661       VirtualBox package:
     2513      &product-name; package:
    26622514    </para>
    26632515
     
    26652517
    26662518    <para>
    2667       To check which driver is currently being used by VirtualBox,
     2519      To check which driver is currently being used by &product-name;,
    26682520      execute:
    26692521    </para>
     
    26722524
    26732525    <para>
    2674       If the output contains "vboxbow", it indicates VirtualBox is using
    2675       the Crossbow network filter driver, while the name "vboxflt"
     2526      If the output contains "vboxbow", it indicates &product-name; is
     2527      using the Crossbow network filter driver, while the name "vboxflt"
    26762528      indicates usage of the older STREAMS network filter.
    26772529    </para>
     
    26812533  <sect1 id="vboxbowvnictemplates">
    26822534
    2683     <title>VirtualBox VNIC Templates for VLANs on Solaris 11 Hosts</title>
    2684 
    2685     <para>
    2686       VirtualBox supports Virtual Network Interface (VNIC) templates for
    2687       configuring VMs over VLANs.
    2688 
    2689       <footnote>
    2690 
    2691         <para>
    2692           Support for Crossbow based bridged networking was introduced
    2693           with VirtualBox 4.1 and requires Solaris 11 build 159 or
    2694           above.
    2695         </para>
    2696 
    2697       </footnote>
    2698 
    2699       A VirtualBox VNIC template is a VNIC whose name starts with
    2700       "vboxvnic_template". The string is case-sensitive.
    2701     </para>
    2702 
    2703     <para>
    2704       On Solaris 11 hosts, a VNIC template may be used to specify the
    2705       VLAN ID to use while bridging over a network link.
    2706 
    2707       <footnote>
    2708 
    2709         <para>
    2710           When Crossbow based bridged networking is used.
    2711         </para>
    2712 
    2713       </footnote>
    2714     </para>
    2715 
    2716     <para>
    2717       Here is an example of how to use a VNIC template to configure a VM
    2718       over a VLAN. Create a VirtualBox VNIC template, by executing as
    2719       root:
     2535    <title>&product-name; VNIC Templates for VLANs on Oracle Solaris 11 Hosts</title>
     2536
     2537    <para>
     2538      &product-name; supports Virtual Network Interface (VNIC) templates
     2539      for configuring VMs over VLANs. An &product-name; VNIC template is
     2540      a VNIC whose name starts with
     2541      <computeroutput>vboxvnic_template</computeroutput>. The string is
     2542      case-sensitive.
     2543    </para>
     2544
     2545    <para>
     2546      On Oracle Solaris 11 hosts, when Crossbow-based bridged networking
     2547      is used, a VNIC template may be used to specify the VLAN ID to use
     2548      while bridging over a network link.
     2549    </para>
     2550
     2551    <para>
     2552      The following is an example of how to use a VNIC template to
     2553      configure a VM over a VLAN. Create an &product-name; VNIC
     2554      template, by executing as root:
    27202555    </para>
    27212556
     
    27272562      across host reboots, skip the <computeroutput>-t</computeroutput>
    27282563      parameter in the above command. You may check the current state of
    2729       links using:
    2730     </para>
    2731 
    2732     <para>
     2564      links using the following command:
     2565    </para>
     2566
    27332567<screen>$ dladm show-link
    27342568LINK        CLASS     MTU    STATE    BRIDGE     OVER
     
    27402574LINK         OVER         SPEED  MACADDRESS        MACADDRTYPE         VID
    27412575vboxvnic_template0 nge0   1000   2:8:20:25:12:75   random              23</screen>
    2742     </para>
    27432576
    27442577    <para>
    27452578      Once the VNIC template is created, any VMs that need to be on VLAN
    2746       23 over the interface "nge0" can be configured to bridge using
    2747       this VNIC template.
     2579      23 over the interface <computeroutput>nge0</computeroutput> can be
     2580      configured to bridge using this VNIC template.
    27482581    </para>
    27492582
     
    27532586      configuration but rather inherited from the VNIC template while
    27542587      starting the VM. The VNIC template itself can be modified anytime
    2755       using <computeroutput>dladm</computeroutput>.
     2588      using the <command>dladm</command> command.
    27562589    </para>
    27572590
    27582591    <para>
    27592592      VNIC templates can be created with additional properties such as
    2760       bandwidth limits, CPU fanout etc. Refer to your Solaris network
    2761       documentation on how to accomplish this. These additional
     2593      bandwidth limits, CPU fanout etc. Refer to your Oracle Solaris
     2594      network documentation on how to accomplish this. These additional
    27622595      properties, if any, are also applied to VMs which bridge using the
    27632596      VNIC template.
     
    27682601  <sect1 id="addhostonlysolaris">
    27692602
    2770     <title>Configuring Multiple Host-Only Network Interfaces on Solaris Hosts</title>
    2771 
    2772     <para>
    2773       By default VirtualBox provides you with one host-only network
    2774       interface. Adding more host-only network interfaces on Solaris
    2775       hosts requires manual configuration. Here is how to add another
    2776       host-only network interface.
     2603    <title>Configuring Multiple Host-Only Network Interfaces on Oracle Solaris
     2604      Hosts</title>
     2605
     2606    <para>
     2607      By default &product-name; provides you with one host-only network
     2608      interface. Adding more host-only network interfaces on Oracle
     2609      Solaris hosts requires manual configuration. Here is how to add
     2610      another host-only network interface.
    27772611    </para>
    27782612
     
    28152649
    28162650    <para>
    2817       On Solaris 11.1 and newer hosts you may want to rename the default
    2818       vanity interface name. To check what name has been assigned,
    2819       execute:
     2651      On Oracle Solaris 11.1 and newer hosts you may want to rename the
     2652      default vanity interface name. To check what name has been
     2653      assigned, execute:
    28202654    </para>
    28212655
     
    28492683      are using NWAM <computeroutput>/etc/nwam/llp</computeroutput> and
    28502684      add the appropriate entries to set the netmask and static IP for
    2851       each of those interfaces. The VirtualBox installer only updates
    2852       these configuration files for the one "vboxnet0" interface it
    2853       creates by default.
     2685      each of those interfaces. The &product-name; installer only
     2686      updates these configuration files for the one "vboxnet0" interface
     2687      it creates by default.
    28542688    </para>
    28552689
     
    28582692  <sect1 id="solariscodedumper">
    28592693
    2860     <title>Configuring the VirtualBox CoreDumper on Solaris Hosts</title>
    2861 
    2862     <para>
    2863       VirtualBox is capable of producing its own core files for
     2694    <title>Configuring the &product-name; CoreDumper on Oracle Solaris Hosts</title>
     2695
     2696    <para>
     2697      &product-name; is capable of producing its own core files for
    28642698      extensive debugging when things go wrong. Currently this is only
    2865       available on Solaris hosts.
    2866     </para>
    2867 
    2868     <para>
    2869       The VirtualBox CoreDumper can be enabled using the following
     2699      available on Oracle Solaris hosts.
     2700    </para>
     2701
     2702    <para>
     2703      The &product-name; CoreDumper can be enabled using the following
    28702704      command:
    28712705    </para>
    28722706
    2873     <para>
    28742707<screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" VBoxInternal2/CoreDumpEnabled 1</screen>
    2875     </para>
    28762708
    28772709    <para>
    28782710      You can specify which directory to use for core dumps with this
    2879       command:
    2880     </para>
    2881 
    2882     <para>
     2711      command, as follows:
     2712    </para>
     2713
    28832714<screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" VBoxInternal2/CoreDumpDir &lt;path-to-directory&gt;</screen>
    28842715
     2716    <para>
    28852717      Make sure the directory you specify is on a volume with sufficient
    2886       free space and that the VirtualBox process has sufficient
     2718      free space and that the &product-name; process has sufficient
    28872719      permissions to write files to this directory. If you skip this
    28882720      command and do not specify any core dump directory, the current
    2889       directory of the VirtualBox executable will be used. This would
    2890       most likely fail when writing cores as they are protected with
    2891       root permissions. It is recommended you explicitly set a core dump
    2892       directory.
    2893     </para>
    2894 
    2895     <para>
    2896       You must specify when the VirtualBox CoreDumper should be
     2721      directory of the &product-name; executable will be used. This
     2722      would most likely fail when writing cores as they are protected
     2723      with root permissions. It is recommended you explicitly set a core
     2724      dump directory.
     2725    </para>
     2726
     2727    <para>
     2728      You must specify when the &product-name; CoreDumper should be
    28972729      triggered. This is done using the following commands:
    28982730    </para>
    28992731
    2900     <para>
    29012732<screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" VBoxInternal2/CoreDumpReplaceSystemDump 1
    29022733VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" VBoxInternal2/CoreDumpLive 1</screen>
    29032734
     2735    <para>
    29042736      At least one of the above two commands will have to be provided if
    2905       you have enabled the VirtualBox CoreDumper.
     2737      you have enabled the &product-name; CoreDumper.
    29062738    </para>
    29072739
     
    29092741      Setting <computeroutput>CoreDumpReplaceSystemDump</computeroutput>
    29102742      sets up the VM to override the host's core dumping mechanism and
    2911       in the event of any crash only the VirtualBox CoreDumper would
     2743      in the event of any crash only the &product-name; CoreDumper would
    29122744      produce the core file.
    29132745    </para>
     
    29182750      <computeroutput>SIGUSR2</computeroutput> signal. After producing
    29192751      the core file, the VM will not be terminated and will continue to
    2920       run. You can thus take cores of the VM process using:
    2921     </para>
    2922 
    2923     <para>
     2752      run. You can thus take cores of the VM process using the following
     2753      command:
     2754    </para>
     2755
    29242756<screen>kill -s SIGUSR2 &lt;VM-process-id&gt;</screen>
    2925     </para>
    2926 
    2927     <para>
    2928       Core files produced by the VirtualBox CoreDumper are of the form
     2757
     2758    <para>
     2759      Core files produced by the &product-name; CoreDumper are of the
     2760      form
    29292761      <computeroutput>core.vb.&lt;ProcessName&gt;.&lt;ProcessID&gt;</computeroutput>,
    29302762      for example
     
    29362768  <sect1 id="vboxandsolzvmm">
    29372769
    2938     <title>VirtualBox and Solaris Kernel Zones</title>
    2939 
    2940     <para>
    2941       Solaris kernel zones on x86-based systems make use of
    2942       hardware-assisted virtualization features like VirtualBox does.
    2943       However, for kernel zones and VirtualBox to share this hardware
    2944       resource, they need to co-operate.
    2945     </para>
    2946 
    2947     <para>
    2948       By default, due to performance reasons, VirtualBox acquires the
    2949       hardware-assisted virtualization resource (VT-x/AMD-V) globally on
    2950       the host machine and uses it until the last VirtualBox VM that
    2951       requires it is powered off. This prevents other software from
    2952       using VT-x/AMD-V during the time VirtualBox has taken control of
    2953       it.
    2954     </para>
    2955 
    2956     <para>
    2957       VirtualBox can be instructed to relinquish use of
     2770    <title>&product-name; and Oracle Solaris Kernel Zones</title>
     2771
     2772    <para>
     2773      Oracle Solaris kernel zones on x86-based systems make use of
     2774      hardware-assisted virtualization features like &product-name;
     2775      does. However, for kernel zones and &product-name; to share this
     2776      hardware resource, they need to cooperate.
     2777    </para>
     2778
     2779    <para>
     2780      By default, due to performance reasons, &product-name; acquires
     2781      the hardware-assisted virtualization resource (VT-x/AMD-V)
     2782      globally on the host machine and uses it until the last
     2783      &product-name; VM that requires it is powered off. This prevents
     2784      other software from using VT-x/AMD-V during the time
     2785      &product-name; has taken control of it.
     2786    </para>
     2787
     2788    <para>
     2789      &product-name; can be instructed to relinquish use of
    29582790      hardware-assisted virtualization features when not executing guest
    29592791      code, thereby allowing kernel zones to make use of them. To do
    2960       this, shutdown all VirtualBox VMs and execute the following
     2792      this, shutdown all &product-name; VMs and execute the following
    29612793      command:
    29622794    </para>
     
    29662798    <para>
    29672799      This command needs to be executed only once as the setting is
    2968       stored as part of the global VirtualBox settings which will
    2969       continue to persist across host-reboots and VirtualBox upgrades.
     2800      stored as part of the global &product-name; settings which will
     2801      continue to persist across host-reboots and &product-name;
     2802      upgrades.
    29702803    </para>
    29712804
     
    29742807  <sect1 id="guitweaks">
    29752808
    2976     <title>Locking Down the VirtualBox GUI</title>
     2809    <title>Locking Down the &product-name; GUI</title>
    29772810
    29782811    <sect2 id="customize-vm-manager">
    29792812
    2980       <title>Customizing the VM Manager</title>
     2813      <title>Customizing the VirtualBox Manager</title>
    29812814
    29822815      <para>
    29832816        There are several advanced customization settings for locking
    2984         down the VirtualBox manager. Locking down means removing some
     2817        down the VirtualBox Manager. Locking down means removing some
    29852818        features that the user should not see.
    29862819      </para>
    29872820
    2988       <para>
    29892821<screen>VBoxManage setextradata global GUI/Customizations OPTION[,OPTION...]</screen>
    2990       </para>
    29912822
    29922823      <para>
     
    30042835          <listitem>
    30052836            <para>
    3006               Do not allow users to start the VirtualBox manager. Trying
     2837              Do not allow users to start the VirtualBox Manager. Trying
    30072838              to do so will show a window containing a proper error
    30082839              message.
     
    30382869
    30392870      <para>
    3040         To disable any of these VM manager customizations do
     2871        To disable any of these VM manager customizations use the
     2872        following command:
     2873      </para>
    30412874
    30422875<screen>VBoxManage setextradata global GUI/Customizations</screen>
    3043       </para>
    30442876
    30452877    </sect2>
     
    30842916          <listitem>
    30852917            <para>
    3086               Do not allow the user to open the settings dialog for a
     2918              Do not allow the user to open the
     2919              <emphasis role="bold">Settings</emphasis> dialog for a
    30872920              certain VM.
    30882921            </para>
     
    31322965      <para>
    31332966        Please note that these settings would not prevent the user from
    3134         reconfiguring the VM by <computeroutput>VBoxManage
    3135         modifyvm</computeroutput>.
     2967        reconfiguring the VM by using <command>VBoxManage
     2968        modifyvm</command>.
    31362969      </para>
    31372970
     
    31632996          <listitem>
    31642997            <para>
    3165               Do not show the <emphasis>General</emphasis> settings
    3166               pane.
     2998              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">General</emphasis>
     2999              settings pane.
    31673000            </para>
    31683001          </listitem>
     
    31763009          <listitem>
    31773010            <para>
    3178               Do not show the <emphasis>Input</emphasis> settings pane.
     3011              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Input</emphasis>
     3012              settings pane.
    31793013            </para>
    31803014          </listitem>
     
    31883022          <listitem>
    31893023            <para>
    3190               Do not show the <emphasis>Update</emphasis> settings pane.
     3024              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Update</emphasis>
     3025              settings pane.
    31913026            </para>
    31923027          </listitem>
     
    32003035          <listitem>
    32013036            <para>
    3202               Do not show the <emphasis>Language</emphasis> settings
    3203               pane.
     3037              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Language</emphasis>
     3038              settings pane.
    32043039            </para>
    32053040          </listitem>
     
    32133048          <listitem>
    32143049            <para>
    3215               Do not show the <emphasis>Display</emphasis> settings
    3216               pane.
     3050              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Display</emphasis>
     3051              settings pane.
    32173052            </para>
    32183053          </listitem>
     
    32263061          <listitem>
    32273062            <para>
    3228               Do not show the <emphasis>Network</emphasis> settings
    3229               pane.
     3063              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Network</emphasis>
     3064              settings pane.
    32303065            </para>
    32313066          </listitem>
     
    32393074          <listitem>
    32403075            <para>
    3241               Do not show the <emphasis>Extensions</emphasis> settings
    3242               pane.
     3076              Do not show the
     3077              <emphasis role="bold">Extensions</emphasis> settings pane.
    32433078            </para>
    32443079          </listitem>
     
    32523087          <listitem>
    32533088            <para>
    3254               Do not show the <emphasis>Proxy</emphasis> settings pane.
     3089              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Proxy</emphasis>
     3090              settings pane.
    32553091            </para>
    32563092          </listitem>
     
    33053141          <listitem>
    33063142            <para>
    3307               Do not show the <emphasis>Machine</emphasis> menu in the
    3308               VM window.
     3143              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Machine</emphasis>
     3144              menu in the VM window.
    33093145            </para>
    33103146          </listitem>
     
    33183154          <listitem>
    33193155            <para>
    3320               Do not show the <emphasis>View</emphasis> menu in the VM
    3321               window.
     3156              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">View</emphasis> menu
     3157              in the VM window.
    33223158            </para>
    33233159          </listitem>
     
    33313167          <listitem>
    33323168            <para>
    3333               Do not show the <emphasis>Devices</emphasis> menu in the
    3334               VM window.
     3169              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Devices</emphasis>
     3170              menu in the VM window.
    33353171            </para>
    33363172          </listitem>
     
    33443180          <listitem>
    33453181            <para>
    3346               Do not show the <emphasis>Help</emphasis> menu in the VM
    3347               window.
     3182              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Help</emphasis> menu
     3183              in the VM window.
    33483184            </para>
    33493185          </listitem>
     
    33573193          <listitem>
    33583194            <para>
    3359               Do not show the <emphasis>Debug</emphasis> menu in the VM
    3360               window. The debug menu is only visible if the GUI was
    3361               started with special command line parameters or
    3362               environment variable settings.
     3195              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Debug</emphasis>
     3196              menu in the VM window. The Debug menu is only visible if
     3197              the GUI was started with special command line parameters
     3198              or environment variable settings.
    33633199            </para>
    33643200          </listitem>
     
    33773213        You can also disable, or blacklist, certain menu actions of
    33783214        certain menus. Use the following command to disable certain
    3379         actions of the <emphasis>Application</emphasis> menu. This is
    3380         only available on Mac OS X hosts.
     3215        actions of the <emphasis role="bold">Application</emphasis>
     3216        menu. This is only available on Mac OS X hosts.
    33813217      </para>
    33823218
     
    34093245          <listitem>
    34103246            <para>
    3411               Do not show the <emphasis>About</emphasis> menu item in
    3412               this menu.
     3247              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">About</emphasis>
     3248              menu item in this menu.
    34133249            </para>
    34143250          </listitem>
     
    34263262      <para>
    34273263        Use the following command to disable certain actions of the
    3428         <emphasis>Machine</emphasis> menu:
     3264        <emphasis role="bold">Machine</emphasis> menu:
    34293265      </para>
    34303266
     
    34573293          <listitem>
    34583294            <para>
    3459               Do not show the <emphasis>Settings</emphasis> menu item in
    3460               this menu.
     3295              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Settings</emphasis>
     3296              menu item in this menu.
    34613297            </para>
    34623298          </listitem>
     
    34703306          <listitem>
    34713307            <para>
    3472               Do not show the <emphasis>Take Snapshot</emphasis> menu
    3473               item in this menu.
     3308              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Take
     3309              Snapshot</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
    34743310            </para>
    34753311          </listitem>
     
    34833319          <listitem>
    34843320            <para>
    3485               Do not show the <emphasis>Take Screenshot</emphasis> menu
    3486               item in this menu.
     3321              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Take
     3322              Screenshot</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
    34873323            </para>
    34883324          </listitem>
     
    34963332          <listitem>
    34973333            <para>
    3498               Do not show the <emphasis>Session Information</emphasis>
    3499               menu item in this menu.
     3334              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Session
     3335              Information</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
    35003336            </para>
    35013337          </listitem>
     
    35093345          <listitem>
    35103346            <para>
    3511               Do not show the <emphasis>Disable Mouse
     3347              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Disable Mouse
    35123348              Integration</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
    35133349            </para>
     
    35223358          <listitem>
    35233359            <para>
    3524               Do not show the <emphasis>Insert Ctrl+Alt+Del</emphasis>
    3525               menu item in this menu.
     3360              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Insert
     3361              Ctrl+Alt+Del</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
    35263362            </para>
    35273363          </listitem>
     
    35353371          <listitem>
    35363372            <para>
    3537               Do not show the <emphasis>Insert
     3373              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Insert
    35383374              Ctrl+Alt+Backspace</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
    35393375              Available on X11 hosts only.
     
    35493385          <listitem>
    35503386            <para>
    3551               Do not show the <emphasis>Pause</emphasis> menu item in
    3552               this menu.
     3387              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Pause</emphasis>
     3388              menu item in this menu.
    35533389            </para>
    35543390          </listitem>
     
    35623398          <listitem>
    35633399            <para>
    3564               Do not show the <emphasis>Reset</emphasis> menu item in
    3565               this menu.
     3400              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Reset</emphasis>
     3401              menu item in this menu.
    35663402            </para>
    35673403          </listitem>
     
    35753411          <listitem>
    35763412            <para>
    3577               Do not show the <emphasis>Save the machine
     3413              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Save the machine
    35783414              state</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
    35793415            </para>
     
    35883424          <listitem>
    35893425            <para>
    3590               Do not show the <emphasis>ACPI Shutdown</emphasis> menu
    3591               item in this menu.
     3426              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">ACPI
     3427              Shutdown</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
    35923428            </para>
    35933429          </listitem>
     
    36013437          <listitem>
    36023438            <para>
    3603               Do not show the <emphasis>Power Off the machine</emphasis>
    3604               menu item in this menu.
     3439              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Power Off the
     3440              machine</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
    36053441            </para>
    36063442          </listitem>
     
    36183454      <para>
    36193455        Use the following command to disable certain actions of the
    3620         <emphasis>View</emphasis> menu:
     3456        <emphasis role="bold">View</emphasis> menu:
    36213457      </para>
    36223458
     
    36493485          <listitem>
    36503486            <para>
    3651               Do not show the <emphasis>Switch to Fullscreen</emphasis>
    3652               menu item in this menu.
     3487              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Switch to
     3488              Fullscreen</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
    36533489            </para>
    36543490          </listitem>
     
    36623498          <listitem>
    36633499            <para>
    3664               Do not show the <emphasis>Switch to Seamless
     3500              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Switch to Seamless
    36653501              Mode</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
    36663502            </para>
     
    36753511          <listitem>
    36763512            <para>
    3677               Do not show the <emphasis>Switch to Scaled Mode</emphasis>
    3678               menu item in this menu.
     3513              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Switch to Scaled
     3514              Mode</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
    36793515            </para>
    36803516          </listitem>
     
    36883524          <listitem>
    36893525            <para>
    3690               Do not show the <emphasis>Auto-resize Guest
     3526              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Auto-resize Guest
    36913527              Display</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
    36923528            </para>
     
    37013537          <listitem>
    37023538            <para>
    3703               Do not show the <emphasis>Adjust Window Size</emphasis>
    3704               menu item in this menu.
     3539              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Adjust Window
     3540              Size</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
    37053541            </para>
    37063542          </listitem>
     
    37143550          <listitem>
    37153551            <para>
    3716               Do not show the <emphasis>Multiscreen</emphasis> menu item
    3717               in this menu. Only visible in full screen/seamless mode.
     3552              Do not show the
     3553              <emphasis role="bold">Multiscreen</emphasis> menu item in
     3554              this menu. Only visible in full screen/seamless mode.
    37183555            </para>
    37193556          </listitem>
     
    37313568      <para>
    37323569        Use the following command to disable certain actions of the
    3733         <emphasis>View</emphasis> menu:
     3570        <emphasis role="bold">View</emphasis> menu:
    37343571      </para>
    37353572
     
    37393576        where <computeroutput>OPTION</computeroutput> is one of the
    37403577        following keywords to disable actions in the
    3741         <emphasis>Devices</emphasis> menu:
     3578        <emphasis role="bold">Devices</emphasis> menu:
    37423579      </para>
    37433580
     
    37633600          <listitem>
    37643601            <para>
    3765               Do not show the <emphasis>CD/DVD Devices</emphasis> menu
    3766               item in this menu.
     3602              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">CD/DVD
     3603              Devices</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
    37673604            </para>
    37683605          </listitem>
     
    37763613          <listitem>
    37773614            <para>
    3778               Do not show the <emphasis>Floppy Devices</emphasis> menu
    3779               item in this menu.
     3615              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Floppy
     3616              Devices</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
    37803617            </para>
    37813618          </listitem>
     
    37893626          <listitem>
    37903627            <para>
    3791               Do not show the <emphasis>USB Devices</emphasis> menu item
    3792               in this menu.
     3628              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">USB
     3629              Devices</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
    37933630            </para>
    37943631          </listitem>
     
    38023639          <listitem>
    38033640            <para>
    3804               Do not show the <emphasis>Shared Clipboard</emphasis> menu
    3805               item in this menu.
     3641              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Shared
     3642              Clipboard</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
    38063643            </para>
    38073644          </listitem>
     
    38153652          <listitem>
    38163653            <para>
    3817               Do not show the <emphasis>Drag and Drop</emphasis> menu
    3818               item in this menu.
     3654              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Drag and
     3655              Drop</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
    38193656            </para>
    38203657          </listitem>
     
    38283665          <listitem>
    38293666            <para>
    3830               Do not show the <emphasis>Network Settings...</emphasis>
    3831               menu item in this menu.
     3667              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Network
     3668              Settings...</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
    38323669            </para>
    38333670          </listitem>
     
    38413678          <listitem>
    38423679            <para>
    3843               Do not show the <emphasis>Shared Folders
     3680              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Shared Folders
    38443681              Settings...</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
    38453682            </para>
     
    38543691          <listitem>
    38553692            <para>
    3856               Do not show the <emphasis>Remove Display</emphasis> menu
    3857               item in this menu.
     3693              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Remove
     3694              Display</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
    38583695            </para>
    38593696          </listitem>
     
    38673704          <listitem>
    38683705            <para>
    3869               Do not show the <emphasis>Insert Guest Additions CD
    3870               image...</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
     3706              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Insert Guest
     3707              Additions CD image...</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
    38713708            </para>
    38723709          </listitem>
     
    38843721      <para>
    38853722        Use the following command to disable certain actions of the
    3886         <emphasis>View</emphasis> menu:
     3723        <emphasis role="bold">View</emphasis> menu:
    38873724      </para>
    38883725
     
    39173754          <listitem>
    39183755            <para>
    3919               Do not show the <emphasis>Statistics...</emphasis> menu
    3920               item in this menu.
     3756              Do not show the
     3757              <emphasis role="bold">Statistics...</emphasis> menu item
     3758              in this menu.
    39213759            </para>
    39223760          </listitem>
     
    39303768          <listitem>
    39313769            <para>
    3932               Do not show the <emphasis>Command Line...</emphasis> menu
    3933               item in this menu.
     3770              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Command
     3771              Line...</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
    39343772            </para>
    39353773          </listitem>
     
    39433781          <listitem>
    39443782            <para>
    3945               Do not show the <emphasis>Logging...</emphasis> menu item
    3946               in this menu.
     3783              Do not show the
     3784              <emphasis role="bold">Logging...</emphasis> menu item in
     3785              this menu.
    39473786            </para>
    39483787          </listitem>
     
    39563795          <listitem>
    39573796            <para>
    3958               Do not show the <emphasis>Show Log...</emphasis> menu item
    3959               in this menu.
     3797              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Show
     3798              Log...</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
    39603799            </para>
    39613800          </listitem>
     
    39733812      <para>
    39743813        Use the following command to disable certain actions of the
    3975         <emphasis>View</emphasis> menu:
     3814        <emphasis role="bold">View</emphasis> menu:
    39763815      </para>
    39773816
     
    39813820        where <computeroutput>OPTION</computeroutput> is one of the
    39823821        following keywords to disable actions in the
    3983         <emphasis>Help</emphasis> menu, which is normally completely
    3984         disabled:
     3822        <emphasis role="bold">Help</emphasis> menu, which is normally
     3823        completely disabled:
    39853824      </para>
    39863825
     
    40063845          <listitem>
    40073846            <para>
    4008               Do not show the <emphasis>Contents...</emphasis> menu item
    4009               in this menu.
     3847              Do not show the
     3848              <emphasis role="bold">Contents...</emphasis> menu item in
     3849              this menu.
    40103850            </para>
    40113851          </listitem>
     
    40193859          <listitem>
    40203860            <para>
    4021               Do not show the <emphasis>VirtualBox Web
     3861              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">VirtualBox Web
    40223862              Site...</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
    40233863            </para>
     
    40323872          <listitem>
    40333873            <para>
    4034               Do not show the <emphasis>Reset All Warnings</emphasis>
    4035               menu item in this menu.
     3874              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Reset All
     3875              Warnings</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
    40363876            </para>
    40373877          </listitem>
     
    40453885          <listitem>
    40463886            <para>
    4047               Do not show the <emphasis>Network Operations
     3887              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">Network Operations
    40483888              Manager</emphasis> menu item in this menu.
    40493889            </para>
     
    40583898          <listitem>
    40593899            <para>
    4060               Do not show the <emphasis>About</emphasis> menu item in
    4061               this menu. Only for non-Mac OS X hosts.
     3900              Do not show the <emphasis role="bold">About</emphasis>
     3901              menu item in this menu. Only for non-Mac OS X hosts.
    40623902            </para>
    40633903          </listitem>
     
    40713911          <listitem>
    40723912            <para>
    4073               Do not show the <emphasis>Contents...</emphasis> menu item
    4074               in this menu.
     3913              Do not show the
     3914              <emphasis role="bold">Contents...</emphasis> menu item in
     3915              this menu.
    40753916            </para>
    40763917          </listitem>
     
    40843925          <listitem>
    40853926            <para>
    4086               Do not show the <emphasis>Contents...</emphasis> menu item
    4087               in this menu.
     3927              Do not show the
     3928              <emphasis role="bold">Contents...</emphasis> menu item in
     3929              this menu.
    40883930            </para>
    40893931          </listitem>
     
    43314173        To disable all Host key combinations, open the preferences and
    43324174        change the Host key to None. This might be useful when using
    4333         VirtualBox in a kiosk mode.
     4175        &product-name; in a kiosk mode.
    43344176      </para>
    43354177
     
    43524194          <thead>
    43534195            <row>
    4354               <entry><emphasis role="bold">Action</emphasis></entry>
    4355               <entry><emphasis role="bold">Default Key</emphasis></entry>
    4356               <entry><emphasis role="bold">Action</emphasis></entry>
     4196              <entry><para>
     4197                  <emphasis role="bold">Action</emphasis>
     4198                </para></entry>
     4199              <entry><para>
     4200                  <emphasis role="bold">Default Key</emphasis>
     4201                </para></entry>
     4202              <entry><para>
     4203                  <emphasis role="bold">Action</emphasis>
     4204                </para></entry>
    43574205            </row>
    43584206          </thead>
    43594207          <tbody>
    43604208            <row>
    4361               <entry><computeroutput>TakeSnapshot</computeroutput></entry>
    4362               <entry>T</entry>
    4363               <entry>Take a snapshot</entry>
     4209              <entry><para>
     4210                  <computeroutput>TakeSnapshot</computeroutput>
     4211                </para></entry>
     4212              <entry><para>
     4213                  T
     4214                </para></entry>
     4215              <entry><para>
     4216                  Take a snapshot
     4217                </para></entry>
    43644218            </row>
    43654219            <row>
    4366               <entry><computeroutput>TakeScreenshot</computeroutput></entry>
    4367               <entry>E</entry>
    4368               <entry>Take a screenshot</entry>
     4220              <entry><para>
     4221                  <computeroutput>TakeScreenshot</computeroutput>
     4222                </para></entry>
     4223              <entry><para>
     4224                  E
     4225                </para></entry>
     4226              <entry><para>
     4227                  Take a screenshot
     4228                </para></entry>
    43694229            </row>
    43704230            <row>
    4371               <entry><computeroutput>MouseIntegration</computeroutput></entry>
    4372               <entry>I</entry>
    4373               <entry>Toggle mouse integration</entry>
     4231              <entry><para>
     4232                  <computeroutput>MouseIntegration</computeroutput>
     4233                </para></entry>
     4234              <entry><para>
     4235                  I
     4236                </para></entry>
     4237              <entry><para>
     4238                  Toggle mouse integration
     4239                </para></entry>
    43744240            </row>
    43754241            <row>
    4376               <entry><computeroutput>TypeCAD</computeroutput></entry>
    4377               <entry>Del</entry>
    4378               <entry>Inject Ctrl+Alt+Del</entry>
     4242              <entry><para>
     4243                  <computeroutput>TypeCAD</computeroutput>
     4244                </para></entry>
     4245              <entry><para>
     4246                  Del
     4247                </para></entry>
     4248              <entry><para>
     4249                  Inject Ctrl+Alt+Del
     4250                </para></entry>
    43794251            </row>
    43804252            <row>
    4381               <entry><computeroutput>TypeCABS</computeroutput></entry>
    4382               <entry>Backspace</entry>
    4383               <entry>Inject Ctrl+Alt+Backspace</entry>
     4253              <entry><para>
     4254                  <computeroutput>TypeCABS</computeroutput>
     4255                </para></entry>
     4256              <entry><para>
     4257                  Backspace
     4258                </para></entry>
     4259              <entry><para>
     4260                  Inject Ctrl+Alt+Backspace
     4261                </para></entry>
    43844262            </row>
    43854263            <row>
    4386               <entry><computeroutput>Pause</computeroutput></entry>
    4387               <entry>P</entry>
    4388               <entry>Pause the VM</entry>
     4264              <entry><para>
     4265                  <computeroutput>Pause</computeroutput>
     4266                </para></entry>
     4267              <entry><para>
     4268                  P
     4269                </para></entry>
     4270              <entry><para>
     4271                  Pause the VM
     4272                </para></entry>
    43894273            </row>
    43904274            <row>
    4391               <entry><computeroutput>Reset</computeroutput></entry>
    4392               <entry>R</entry>
     4275              <entry><para>
     4276                  <computeroutput>Reset</computeroutput>
     4277                </para></entry>
     4278              <entry><para>
     4279                  R
     4280                </para></entry>
    43934281              <entry>Hard reset the guest</entry>
    43944282            </row>
    43954283            <row>
    4396               <entry><computeroutput>SaveState</computeroutput></entry>
    4397               <entry></entry>
    4398               <entry>Save the VM state and terminate the VM</entry>
     4284              <entry><para>
     4285                  <computeroutput>SaveState</computeroutput>
     4286                </para></entry>
     4287              <entry><para></para></entry>
     4288              <entry><para>
     4289                  Save the VM state and terminate the VM
     4290                </para></entry>
    43994291            </row>
    44004292            <row>
    4401               <entry><computeroutput>Shutdown</computeroutput></entry>
    4402               <entry>H</entry>
    4403               <entry>Press the (virtual) ACPI power button</entry>
     4293              <entry><para>
     4294                  <computeroutput>Shutdown</computeroutput>
     4295                </para></entry>
     4296              <entry><para>
     4297                  H
     4298                </para></entry>
     4299              <entry><para>
     4300                  Press the virtual ACPI power button
     4301                </para></entry>
    44044302            </row>
    44054303            <row>
    4406               <entry><computeroutput>PowerOff</computeroutput></entry>
    4407               <entry></entry>
    4408               <entry>Power the VM off, without saving the state</entry>
     4304              <entry><para>
     4305                  <computeroutput>PowerOff</computeroutput>
     4306                </para></entry>
     4307              <entry><para></para></entry>
     4308              <entry><para>
     4309                  Power off the VM without saving the state
     4310                </para></entry>
    44094311            </row>
    44104312            <row>
    4411               <entry><computeroutput>Close</computeroutput></entry>
    4412               <entry>Q</entry>
    4413               <entry>Show the VM close dialog</entry>
     4313              <entry><para>
     4314                  <computeroutput>Close</computeroutput>
     4315                </para></entry>
     4316              <entry><para>
     4317                  Q
     4318                </para></entry>
     4319              <entry><para>
     4320                  Show the Close VM dialog
     4321                </para></entry>
    44144322            </row>
    44154323            <row>
    4416               <entry><computeroutput>FullscreenMode</computeroutput></entry>
    4417               <entry>F</entry>
    4418               <entry>Switch the VM into full screen</entry>
     4324              <entry><para>
     4325                  <computeroutput>FullscreenMode</computeroutput>
     4326                </para></entry>
     4327              <entry><para>
     4328                  F
     4329                </para></entry>
     4330              <entry><para>
     4331                  Switch the VM into full screen mode
     4332                </para></entry>
    44194333            </row>
    44204334            <row>
    4421               <entry><computeroutput>SeamlessMode</computeroutput></entry>
    4422               <entry>L</entry>
    4423               <entry>Switch the VM into seamless mode</entry>
     4335              <entry><para>
     4336                  <computeroutput>SeamlessMode</computeroutput>
     4337                </para></entry>
     4338              <entry><para>
     4339                  L
     4340                </para></entry>
     4341              <entry><para>
     4342                  Switch the VM into seamless mode
     4343                </para></entry>
    44244344            </row>
    44254345            <row>
    4426               <entry><computeroutput>ScaleMode</computeroutput></entry>
    4427               <entry>C</entry>
    4428               <entry>Switch the VM into scale mode</entry>
     4346              <entry><para>
     4347                  <computeroutput>ScaleMode</computeroutput>
     4348                </para></entry>
     4349              <entry><para>
     4350                  C
     4351                </para></entry>
     4352              <entry><para>
     4353                  Switch the VM into scaled mode
     4354                </para></entry>
    44294355            </row>
    44304356            <row>
    4431               <entry><computeroutput>GuestAutoResize</computeroutput></entry>
    4432               <entry>G</entry>
    4433               <entry>Automatically resize the guest window</entry>
     4357              <entry><para>
     4358                  <computeroutput>GuestAutoResize</computeroutput>
     4359                </para></entry>
     4360              <entry><para>
     4361                  G
     4362                </para></entry>
     4363              <entry><para>
     4364                  Automatically resize the guest window
     4365                </para></entry>
    44344366            </row>
    44354367            <row>
    4436               <entry><computeroutput>WindowAdjust</computeroutput></entry>
    4437               <entry>A</entry>
    4438               <entry>Immediately resize the guest window</entry>
     4368              <entry><para>
     4369                  <computeroutput>WindowAdjust</computeroutput>
     4370                </para></entry>
     4371              <entry><para>
     4372                  A
     4373                </para></entry>
     4374              <entry><para>
     4375                  Immediately resize the guest window
     4376                </para></entry>
    44394377            </row>
    44404378            <row>
    4441               <entry><computeroutput>PopupMenu</computeroutput></entry>
    4442               <entry>Home</entry>
    4443               <entry>Show popup menu in full screen / seaml. mode</entry>
     4379              <entry><para>
     4380                  <computeroutput>PopupMenu</computeroutput>
     4381                </para></entry>
     4382              <entry><para>
     4383                  Home
     4384                </para></entry>
     4385              <entry><para>
     4386                  Show the popup menu in full screen mode and seamless
     4387                  mode
     4388                </para></entry>
    44444389            </row>
    44454390            <row>
    4446               <entry><computeroutput>SettingsDialog</computeroutput></entry>
    4447               <entry>S</entry>
    4448               <entry>Open the VM settings dialog</entry>
     4391              <entry><para>
     4392                  <computeroutput>SettingsDialog</computeroutput>
     4393                </para></entry>
     4394              <entry><para>
     4395                  S
     4396                </para></entry>
     4397              <entry><para>
     4398                  Open the VM Settings dialog
     4399                </para></entry>
    44494400            </row>
    44504401            <row>
    4451               <entry><computeroutput>InformationDialog</computeroutput></entry>
    4452               <entry>N</entry>
    4453               <entry>Show the VM information window</entry>
     4402              <entry><para>
     4403                  <computeroutput>InformationDialog</computeroutput>
     4404                </para></entry>
     4405              <entry><para>
     4406                  N
     4407                </para></entry>
     4408              <entry><para>
     4409                  Show the VM Session Information window
     4410                </para></entry>
    44544411            </row>
    44554412            <row>
    4456               <entry><computeroutput>NetworkAdaptersDialog</computeroutput></entry>
    4457               <entry></entry>
    4458               <entry>Show the VM network adapters dialog</entry>
     4413              <entry><para>
     4414                  <computeroutput>NetworkAdaptersDialog</computeroutput>
     4415                </para></entry>
     4416              <entry><para></para></entry>
     4417              <entry><para>
     4418                  Show the VM Network Adapters dialog
     4419                </para></entry>
    44594420            </row>
    44604421            <row>
    4461               <entry><computeroutput>SharedFoldersDialog</computeroutput></entry>
    4462               <entry></entry>
    4463               <entry>Show the VM shared folders dialog</entry>
     4422              <entry><para>
     4423                  <computeroutput>SharedFoldersDialog</computeroutput>
     4424                </para></entry>
     4425              <entry><para></para></entry>
     4426              <entry><para>
     4427                  Show the VM Shared Folders dialog
     4428                </para></entry>
    44644429            </row>
    44654430            <row>
    4466               <entry><computeroutput>InstallGuestAdditions</computeroutput></entry>
    4467               <entry>D</entry>
    4468               <entry>Mount the ISO containing the Guest Additions</entry>
     4431              <entry><para>
     4432                  <computeroutput>InstallGuestAdditions</computeroutput>
     4433                </para></entry>
     4434              <entry><para>
     4435                  D
     4436                </para></entry>
     4437              <entry><para>
     4438                  Mount the ISO containing the Guest Additions
     4439                </para></entry>
    44694440            </row>
    44704441          </tbody>
     
    44734444
    44744445      <para>
    4475         To disable the full screen mode as well as the seamless mode,
    4476         use the following command:
     4446        To disable full screen mode and seamless mode, use the following
     4447        command:
     4448      </para>
    44774449
    44784450<screen>VBoxManage setextradata global GUI/Input/MachineShortcuts "FullscreenMode=None,SeamlessMode=None"</screen>
    4479       </para>
    44804451
    44814452    </sect2>
     
    44874458      <para>
    44884459        You can disallow, or blacklist, certain actions when terminating
    4489         a VM. To disallow specific actions, type:
    4490       </para>
    4491 
    4492       <para>
     4460        a VM. To disallow specific actions, use the following command:
     4461      </para>
     4462
    44934463<screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" GUI/RestrictedCloseActions OPTION[,OPTION...]</screen>
    4494       </para>
    44954464
    44964465      <para>
     
    45834552        contrast to the setting decribed in the previous section, this
    45844553        setting allows only one action when the user terminates the VM.
    4585         No exit menu is shown.
    4586       </para>
    4587 
    4588       <para>
     4554        No exit menu is shown. Use the following command:
     4555      </para>
     4556
    45894557<screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" GUI/DefaultCloseAction ACTION</screen>
    4590       </para>
    45914558
    45924559      <para>
     
    46814648
    46824649      <para>
    4683         This behavior can be configured:
    4684       </para>
    4685 
    4686       <para>
     4650        This behavior can be configured as follows:
     4651      </para>
     4652
    46874653<screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" GUI/GuruMeditationHandler MODE</screen>
    4688       </para>
    46894654
    46904655      <para>
     
    47524717        guest window and the guest expects relative mouse coordinates at
    47534718        this time. This happens if the pointing device is configured as
    4754         PS/2 mouse and the guest has not yet started the VirtualBox
     4719        PS/2 mouse and the guest has not yet started the &product-name;
    47554720        Guest Additions. For instance, the guest is booting or the Guest
    47564721        Additions are not installed, or if the pointing device is
     
    47634728      <para>
    47644729        The default behavior is sometimes not desired. Therefore it can
    4765         be configured:
    4766       </para>
    4767 
    4768       <para>
     4730        be configured as follows:
     4731      </para>
     4732
    47694733<screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" GUI/MouseCapturePolicy MODE</screen>
    4770       </para>
    47714734
    47724735      <para>
     
    48274790
    48284791      <para>
    4829         As of version 4.3.16, VirtualBox uses special window manager
    4830         facilities to switch a multi-screen machine to full-screen on a
    4831         multi-monitor host system. However, not all window managers
    4832         provide these facilities correctly, so VirtualBox can be told to
    4833         use the old method of switching to full-screen mode instead
    4834         using the command:
    4835       </para>
    4836 
    4837       <para>
     4792        &product-name; uses special window manager facilities to switch
     4793        a multi-screen machine to full-screen on a multi-monitor host
     4794        system. However, not all window managers provide these
     4795        facilities correctly. &product-name; can be configured to use a
     4796        legacy method of switching to full-screen mode instead, by using
     4797        the command:
     4798      </para>
     4799
    48384800<screen>VBoxManage setextradata global GUI/Fullscreen/LegacyMode true</screen>
    4839       </para>
    4840 
    4841       <para>
    4842         You can go back to the new method using the command:
    4843       </para>
    4844 
    4845       <para>
     4801
     4802      <para>
     4803        You can go back to the default method by using the following
     4804        command:
     4805      </para>
     4806
    48464807<screen>VBoxManage setextradata global GUI/Fullscreen/LegacyMode</screen>
    4847       </para>
    48484808
    48494809      <para>
     
    48574817  <sect1 id="vboxwebsrv-daemon">
    48584818
    4859     <title>Starting the VirtualBox Web Service Automatically</title>
    4860 
    4861     <para>
    4862       The VirtualBox web service,
     4819    <title>Starting the &product-name; Web Service Automatically</title>
     4820
     4821    <para>
     4822      The &product-name; web service,
    48634823      <computeroutput>vboxwebsrv</computeroutput>, is used for
    4864       controlling VirtualBox remotely. It is documented in detail in the
    4865       VirtualBox Software Development Kit (SDK). See
     4824      controlling &product-name; remotely. It is documented in detail in
     4825      the &product-name; Software Development Kit (SDK). See
    48664826      <xref linkend="VirtualBoxAPI" />. As the client base using this
    48674827      interface is growing, we added start scripts for the various
    48684828      operation systems we support. The following sections describe how
    4869       to use them. The VirtualBox web service is never started
     4829      to use them. The &product-name; web service is never started
    48704830      automatically as a result of a standard installation.
    48714831    </para>
     
    48734833    <sect2 id="vboxwebsrv-linux">
    48744834
    4875       <title>Linux: Starting the Web Service via init</title>
     4835      <title>Linux: Starting the Web Service With init</title>
    48764836
    48774837      <para>
     
    48864846        example: <computeroutput>VBOXWEB_HOST</computeroutput> and
    48874847        <computeroutput>VBOXWEB_PORT</computeroutput>.
    4888 
    4889         <table id="table-websrv-config-params">
    4890           <title>Web Service Configuration Parameters</title>
    4891           <tgroup cols="3">
    4892             <thead>
    4893               <row>
    4894                 <entry><emphasis role="bold">Parameter</emphasis></entry>
    4895                 <entry><emphasis role="bold">Description</emphasis></entry>
    4896                 <entry><emphasis role="bold">Default</emphasis></entry>
    4897               </row>
    4898             </thead>
    4899             <tbody>
    4900               <row>
    4901                 <entry><computeroutput>USER</computeroutput></entry>
    4902                 <entry>The user as which the web service runs</entry>
    4903                 <entry></entry>
    4904               </row>
    4905               <row>
    4906                 <entry><computeroutput>HOST</computeroutput></entry>
    4907                 <entry>The host to bind the web service to</entry>
    4908                 <entry>localhost</entry>
    4909               </row>
    4910               <row>
    4911                 <entry><computeroutput>PORT</computeroutput></entry>
    4912                 <entry>The port to bind the web service to</entry>
    4913                 <entry>18083</entry>
    4914               </row>
    4915               <row>
    4916                 <entry><computeroutput>SSL_KEYFILE</computeroutput></entry>
    4917                 <entry>Server key and certificate file, PEM format</entry>
    4918                 <entry></entry>
    4919               </row>
    4920               <row>
    4921                 <entry><computeroutput>SSL_PASSWORDFILE</computeroutput></entry>
    4922                 <entry>File name for password to server key</entry>
    4923                 <entry></entry>
    4924               </row>
    4925               <row>
    4926                 <entry><computeroutput>SSL_CACERT</computeroutput></entry>
    4927                 <entry>CA certificate file, PEM format</entry>
    4928                 <entry></entry>
    4929               </row>
    4930               <row>
    4931                 <entry><computeroutput>SSL_CAPATH</computeroutput></entry>
    4932                 <entry>CA certificate path</entry>
    4933                 <entry></entry>
    4934               </row>
    4935               <row>
    4936                 <entry><computeroutput>SSL_DHFILE</computeroutput></entry>
    4937                 <entry>DH file name or DH key length in bits</entry>
    4938                 <entry></entry>
    4939               </row>
    4940               <row>
    4941                 <entry><computeroutput>SSL_RANDFILE</computeroutput></entry>
    4942                 <entry>File containing seed for random number generator</entry>
    4943                 <entry></entry>
    4944               </row>
    4945               <row>
    4946                 <entry><computeroutput>TIMEOUT</computeroutput></entry>
    4947                 <entry>Session timeout in seconds; 0 disables timeouts</entry>
    4948                 <entry>300</entry>
    4949               </row>
    4950               <row>
    4951                 <entry><computeroutput>CHECK_INTERVAL</computeroutput></entry>
    4952                 <entry>Frequency of timeout checks in seconds</entry>
    4953                 <entry>5</entry>
    4954               </row>
    4955               <row>
    4956                 <entry><computeroutput>THREADS</computeroutput></entry>
    4957                 <entry>Maximum number of worker threads to run in parallel</entry>
    4958                 <entry>100</entry>
    4959               </row>
    4960               <row>
    4961                 <entry><computeroutput>KEEPALIVE</computeroutput></entry>
    4962                 <entry>Maximum number of requests before a socket will be closed</entry>
    4963                 <entry>100</entry>
    4964               </row>
    4965               <row>
    4966                 <entry><computeroutput>ROTATE</computeroutput></entry>
    4967                 <entry>Number of log files; 0 disables log rotation</entry>
    4968                 <entry>10</entry>
    4969               </row>
    4970               <row>
    4971                 <entry><computeroutput>LOGSIZE</computeroutput></entry>
    4972                 <entry>Maximum size of a log file in bytes to trigger rotation</entry>
    4973                 <entry>1MB</entry>
    4974               </row>
    4975               <row>
    4976                 <entry><computeroutput>LOGINTERVAL</computeroutput></entry>
    4977                 <entry>Maximum time interval in seconds to trigger log rotation</entry>
    4978                 <entry>1 day</entry>
    4979               </row>
    4980             </tbody>
    4981           </tgroup>
    4982         </table>
    4983       </para>
     4848      </para>
     4849
     4850      <table id="table-websrv-config-params">
     4851        <title>Web Service Configuration Parameters</title>
     4852        <tgroup cols="3">
     4853          <thead>
     4854            <row>
     4855              <entry><para>
     4856                  <emphasis role="bold">Parameter</emphasis>
     4857                </para></entry>
     4858              <entry><para>
     4859                  <emphasis role="bold">Description</emphasis>
     4860                </para></entry>
     4861              <entry><para>
     4862                  <emphasis role="bold">Default</emphasis>
     4863                </para></entry>
     4864            </row>
     4865          </thead>
     4866          <tbody>
     4867            <row>
     4868              <entry><para>
     4869                  <computeroutput>USER</computeroutput>
     4870                </para></entry>
     4871              <entry><para>
     4872                  The user which the web service runs as
     4873                </para></entry>
     4874              <entry><para></para></entry>
     4875            </row>
     4876            <row>
     4877              <entry><para>
     4878                  <computeroutput>HOST</computeroutput>
     4879                </para></entry>
     4880              <entry><para>
     4881                  The host to bind the web service to
     4882                </para></entry>
     4883              <entry><para>
     4884                  localhost
     4885                </para></entry>
     4886            </row>
     4887            <row>
     4888              <entry><para>
     4889                  <computeroutput>PORT</computeroutput>
     4890                </para></entry>
     4891              <entry><para>
     4892                  The port to bind the web service to
     4893                </para></entry>
     4894              <entry><para>
     4895                  18083
     4896                </para></entry>
     4897            </row>
     4898            <row>
     4899              <entry><para>
     4900                  <computeroutput>SSL_KEYFILE</computeroutput>
     4901                </para></entry>
     4902              <entry><para>
     4903                  Server key and certificate file, in PEM format
     4904                </para></entry>
     4905              <entry><para></para></entry>
     4906            </row>
     4907            <row>
     4908              <entry><para>
     4909                  <computeroutput>SSL_PASSWORDFILE</computeroutput>
     4910                </para></entry>
     4911              <entry><para>
     4912                  File name for password to server key
     4913                </para></entry>
     4914              <entry><para></para></entry>
     4915            </row>
     4916            <row>
     4917              <entry><para>
     4918                  <computeroutput>SSL_CACERT</computeroutput>
     4919                </para></entry>
     4920              <entry><para>
     4921                  CA certificate file, in PEM format
     4922                </para></entry>
     4923              <entry><para></para></entry>
     4924            </row>
     4925            <row>
     4926              <entry><para>
     4927                  <computeroutput>SSL_CAPATH</computeroutput>
     4928                </para></entry>
     4929              <entry><para>
     4930                  CA certificate path
     4931                </para></entry>
     4932              <entry><para></para></entry>
     4933            </row>
     4934            <row>
     4935              <entry><para>
     4936                  <computeroutput>SSL_DHFILE</computeroutput>
     4937                </para></entry>
     4938              <entry><para>
     4939                  DH file name or DH key length in bits
     4940                </para></entry>
     4941              <entry><para></para></entry>
     4942            </row>
     4943            <row>
     4944              <entry><para>
     4945                  <computeroutput>SSL_RANDFILE</computeroutput>
     4946                </para></entry>
     4947              <entry><para>
     4948                  File containing seed for random number generator
     4949                </para></entry>
     4950              <entry><para></para></entry>
     4951            </row>
     4952            <row>
     4953              <entry><para>
     4954                  <computeroutput>TIMEOUT</computeroutput>
     4955                </para></entry>
     4956              <entry><para>
     4957                  Session timeout in seconds, 0 disables timeouts
     4958                </para></entry>
     4959              <entry><para>
     4960                  300
     4961                </para></entry>
     4962            </row>
     4963            <row>
     4964              <entry><para>
     4965                  <computeroutput>CHECK_INTERVAL</computeroutput>
     4966                </para></entry>
     4967              <entry><para>
     4968                  Frequency of timeout checks in seconds
     4969                </para></entry>
     4970              <entry><para>
     4971                  5
     4972                </para></entry>
     4973            </row>
     4974            <row>
     4975              <entry><para>
     4976                  <computeroutput>THREADS</computeroutput>
     4977                </para></entry>
     4978              <entry><para>
     4979                  Maximum number of worker threads to run in parallel
     4980                </para></entry>
     4981              <entry><para>
     4982                  100
     4983                </para></entry>
     4984            </row>
     4985            <row>
     4986              <entry><para>
     4987                  <computeroutput>KEEPALIVE</computeroutput>
     4988                </para></entry>
     4989              <entry><para>
     4990                  Maximum number of requests before a socket will be
     4991                  closed
     4992                </para></entry>
     4993              <entry><para>
     4994                  100
     4995                </para></entry>
     4996            </row>
     4997            <row>
     4998              <entry><para>
     4999                  <computeroutput>ROTATE</computeroutput>
     5000                </para></entry>
     5001              <entry><para>
     5002                  Number of log files, 0 disables log rotation
     5003                </para></entry>
     5004              <entry><para>
     5005                  10
     5006                </para></entry>
     5007            </row>
     5008            <row>
     5009              <entry><para>
     5010                  <computeroutput>LOGSIZE</computeroutput>
     5011                </para></entry>
     5012              <entry><para>
     5013                  Maximum log file size to trigger rotation, in bytes
     5014                </para></entry>
     5015              <entry><para>
     5016                  1MB
     5017                </para></entry>
     5018            </row>
     5019            <row>
     5020              <entry><para>
     5021                  <computeroutput>LOGINTERVAL</computeroutput>
     5022                </para></entry>
     5023              <entry><para>
     5024                  Maximum time interval to trigger log rotation, in
     5025                  seconds
     5026                </para></entry>
     5027              <entry><para>
     5028                  1 day
     5029                </para></entry>
     5030            </row>
     5031          </tbody>
     5032        </tgroup>
     5033      </table>
    49845034
    49855035      <para>
     
    49875037        <computeroutput>SSL_KEYFILE</computeroutput> enables the SSL/TLS
    49885038        support. Using encryption is strongly encouraged, as otherwise
    4989         everything (including passwords) is transferred in clear text.
     5039        everything, including passwords, is transferred in clear text.
    49905040      </para>
    49915041
     
    49945044    <sect2 id="vboxwebsrv-solaris">
    49955045
    4996       <title>Solaris: Starting the Web Service via SMF</title>
    4997 
    4998       <para>
    4999         On Solaris hosts, the VirtualBox web service daemon is
    5000         integrated into the SMF framework. You can change the
     5046      <title>Oracle Solaris: Starting the Web Service With SMF</title>
     5047
     5048      <para>
     5049        On Oracle Solaris hosts, the &product-name; web service daemon
     5050        is integrated into the SMF framework. You can change the
    50015051        parameters, but do not have to if the defaults below already
    50025052        match your needs:
     5053      </para>
    50035054
    50045055<screen>svccfg -s svc:/application/virtualbox/webservice:default setprop config/host=localhost
    50055056svccfg -s svc:/application/virtualbox/webservice:default setprop config/port=18083
    50065057svccfg -s svc:/application/virtualbox/webservice:default setprop config/user=root</screen>
    5007       </para>
    50085058
    50095059      <para>
    50105060        <xref linkend="table-websrv-config-params"/> showing the
    5011         parameter names and defaults also applies for Solaris. The
    5012         parameter names must be changed to lowercase and a prefix of
     5061        parameter names and defaults also applies for Oracle Solaris.
     5062        The parameter names must be changed to lowercase and a prefix of
    50135063        <computeroutput>config/</computeroutput> has to be added. For
    50145064        example: <computeroutput>config/user</computeroutput> or
     
    50165066        any change, do not forget to run the following command to put
    50175067        the changes into effect immediately:
     5068      </para>
    50185069
    50195070<screen>svcadm refresh svc:/application/virtualbox/webservice:default</screen>
    5020       </para>
    50215071
    50225072      <para>
    50235073        If you forget the above command then the previous settings are
    50245074        used when enabling the service. Check the current property
    5025         settings with:
     5075        settings as follows:
     5076      </para>
    50265077
    50275078<screen>svcprop -p config svc:/application/virtualbox/webservice:default</screen>
    5028       </para>
    50295079
    50305080      <para>
    50315081        When everything is configured correctly you can start the
    5032         VirtualBox web service with the following command:
     5082        &product-name; web service with the following command:
     5083      </para>
    50335084
    50345085<screen>svcadm enable svc:/application/virtualbox/webservice:default</screen>
    5035       </para>
    5036 
    5037       <para>
    5038         For more information about SMF, please refer to the Solaris
    5039         documentation.
     5086
     5087      <para>
     5088        For more information about SMF, please refer to the Oracle
     5089        Solaris documentation.
    50405090      </para>
    50415091
     
    50445094    <sect2 id="vboxwebsrv-osx">
    50455095
    5046       <title>Mac OS X: Starting the Web Service via launchd</title>
    5047 
    5048       <para>
    5049         On Mac OS X, launchd is used to start the VirtualBox webservice.
    5050         An example configuration file can be found in
     5096      <title>Mac OS X: Starting the Web Service With launchd</title>
     5097
     5098      <para>
     5099        On Mac OS X, launchd is used to start the &product-name;
     5100        webservice. An example configuration file can be found in
    50515101        <computeroutput>$HOME/Library/LaunchAgents/org.virtualbox.vboxwebsrv.plist</computeroutput>.
    50525102        It can be enabled by changing the
     
    50555105        <computeroutput>false</computeroutput>. To manually start the
    50565106        service use the following command:
     5107      </para>
    50575108
    50585109<screen>launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/org.virtualbox.vboxwebsrv.plist</screen>
    50595110
     5111      <para>
    50605112        For additional information on how launchd services could be
    50615113        configured see:
     
    50735125  <sect1 id="vboxwatchdog">
    50745126
    5075     <title>VirtualBox Watchdog</title>
    5076 
    5077     <para>
    5078       Starting with VirtualBox 4.2 the memory ballooning service
    5079       formerly known as <computeroutput>VBoxBalloonCtrl</computeroutput>
    5080       was renamed to VBoxWatchdog, which now incorporates several host
    5081       services that are meant to be run in a server environment.
    5082     </para>
    5083 
    5084     <para>
    5085       These services are as follows:
     5127    <title>&product-name; Watchdog</title>
     5128
     5129    <para>
     5130      The memory ballooning service, formerly known as
     5131      <computeroutput>VBoxBalloonCtrl</computeroutput>, was renamed to
     5132      VBoxWatchdog. This service now incorporates the following host
     5133      services that are meant to be run in a server environment:
    50865134    </para>
    50875135
     
    50905138      <listitem>
    50915139        <para>
    5092           Memory ballooning control, which automatically takes care of a
    5093           VM's configured memory balloon. See
    5094           <xref linkend="guestadd-balloon" />. This service is useful
    5095           for server environments where VMs may dynamically require more
    5096           or less memory during runtime.
     5140          <emphasis role="bold">Memory ballooning control.</emphasis>
     5141          This service automatically takes care of a VM's configured
     5142          memory balloon. See <xref linkend="guestadd-balloon" />. This
     5143          service is useful for server environments where VMs may
     5144          dynamically require more or less memory during runtime.
    50975145        </para>
    50985146
     
    51085156      <listitem>
    51095157        <para>
    5110           Host isolation detection, which provides a way to detect
    5111           whether the host cannot reach the specific VirtualBox server
    5112           instance anymore and take appropriate actions, such as
    5113           shutting down, saving the current state or even powering down
    5114           certain VMs.
     5158          <emphasis role="bold">Host isolation detection.</emphasis>
     5159          This service provides a way to detect whether the host cannot
     5160          reach the specific &product-name; server instance anymore and
     5161          take appropriate actions, such as shutting down, saving the
     5162          current state or even powering down certain VMs.
    51155163        </para>
    51165164      </listitem>
     
    51195167
    51205168    <para>
    5121       All configuration values can be either specified via command line
    5122       or global extradata, whereas command line values always have a
    5123       higher priority when set. Some of the configuration values also be
    5124       specified on a per-VM basis. So the overall lookup order is:
    5125       command line, per-VM basis extradata (if available), global
     5169      All configuration values can be either specified using the command
     5170      line or global extradata, whereas command line values always have
     5171      a higher priority when set. Some of the configuration values also
     5172      be specified on a per-VM basis. So the overall lookup order is:
     5173      command line, per-VM basis extradata if available, global
    51265174      extradata.
    51275175    </para>
     
    51395187      <para>
    51405188        To set up the memory ballooning control the maximum ballooning
    5141         size a VM can reach needs to be set. This can be specified via
    5142         the command line with:
     5189        size a VM can reach needs to be set. This can be specified using
     5190        the command line, as follows:
     5191      </para>
    51435192
    51445193<screen>--balloon-max &lt;Size in MB&gt;</screen>
    51455194
    5146         or on a per-VM basis extradata value with:
     5195      <para>
     5196        Using a per-VM basis extradata value, as follows:
     5197      </para>
    51475198
    51485199<screen>VBoxManage setextradata &lt;VM-Name&gt; VBoxInternal2/Watchdog/BalloonCtrl/BalloonSizeMax &lt;Size in MB&gt;</screen>
    51495200
    5150         or using a global extradata value with:
     5201      <para>
     5202        Using a global extradata value, as follows:
     5203      </para>
    51515204
    51525205<screen>VBoxManage setextradata global VBoxInternal2/Watchdog/BalloonCtrl/BalloonSizeMax &lt;Size in MB&gt;</screen>
    51535206
    5154         <note>
    5155           <para>
    5156             If no maximum ballooning size is specified by at least one
    5157             of the parameters above, no ballooning will be performed at
    5158             all.
    5159           </para>
    5160         </note>
    5161       </para>
    5162 
    5163       <para>
    5164         Setting the ballooning increment in MB can be either done via
    5165         command line with:
     5207      <note>
     5208        <para>
     5209          If no maximum ballooning size is specified by at least one of
     5210          the parameters above, no ballooning will be performed at all.
     5211        </para>
     5212      </note>
     5213
     5214      <para>
     5215        Setting the ballooning increment in MB can be either done using
     5216        command line, as follows:
     5217      </para>
    51665218
    51675219<screen>--balloon-inc &lt;Size in MB&gt;</screen>
    51685220
    5169         or using a global extradata value with:
     5221      <para>
     5222        Using a global extradata value, as follows:
     5223      </para>
    51705224
    51715225<screen>VBoxManage setextradata global VBoxInternal2/Watchdog/BalloonCtrl/BalloonIncrementMB &lt;Size in MB&gt;</screen>
    51725226
     5227      <para>
    51735228        The default ballooning increment is 256 MB if not specified.
    51745229      </para>
     
    51765231      <para>
    51775232        The same options apply for a ballooning decrement. Using the
    5178         command line with:
     5233        command line, as follows:
     5234      </para>
    51795235
    51805236<screen>--balloon-dec &lt;Size in MB&gt;</screen>
    51815237
    5182         or using a global extradata value with:
     5238      <para>
     5239        Using a global extradata value, as follows:
     5240      </para>
    51835241
    51845242<screen>VBoxManage setextradata global VBoxInternal2/Watchdog/BalloonCtrl/BalloonDecrementMB &lt;Size in MB&gt;</screen>
    51855243
     5244      <para>
    51865245        The default ballooning decrement is 128 MB if not specified.
    51875246      </para>
    51885247
    51895248      <para>
    5190         To define the lower limit in MB a balloon can be the command
    5191         line with:
     5249        The lower limit in MB for a balloon can be defined using the
     5250        command line, as follows:
     5251      </para>
    51925252
    51935253<screen>--balloon-lower-limit &lt;Size in MB&gt;</screen>
    51945254
    5195         can be used or using a global extradata value with:
     5255      <para>
     5256        Using a global extradata value, as follows:
     5257      </para>
    51965258
    51975259<screen>VBoxManage setextradata global VBoxInternal2/Watchdog/BalloonCtrl/BalloonLowerLimitMB &lt;Size in MB&gt;</screen>
    51985260
    5199         is available. Default lower limit is 128 if not specified.
     5261      <para>
     5262        The default lower limit is 128 MB if not specified.
    52005263      </para>
    52015264
     
    52085271      <para>
    52095272        To detect whether a host is being isolated, that is, the host
    5210         cannot reach the VirtualBox server instance anymore, the host
    5211         needs to set an alternating value to a global extradata value
    5212         within a time period. If this value is not set within that time
    5213         period a timeout occurred and the so-called host isolation
     5273        cannot reach the &product-name; server instance anymore, the
     5274        host needs to set an alternating value to a global extradata
     5275        value within a time period. If this value is not set within that
     5276        time period a timeout occurred and the so-called host isolation
    52145277        response will be performed to the VMs handled. Which VMs are
    52155278        handled can be controlled by defining VM groups and assigning
     
    52205283
    52215284      <para>
    5222         To set the groups handled by the host isolation detection via
     5285        Set the groups handled by the host isolation detection using the
     5286        following command line:
     5287      </para>
     5288
     5289<screen>--apimon-groups=&lt;string[,stringN]&gt;</screen>
     5290
     5291      <para>
     5292        Using a global extradata value, as follows:
     5293      </para>
     5294
     5295<screen>VBoxManage setextradata global VBoxInternal2/Watchdog/APIMonitor/Groups &lt;string[,stringN]&gt;</screen>
     5296
     5297      <para>
     5298        Set the host isolation timeout using the following command line:
     5299      </para>
     5300
     5301<screen>--apimon-isln-timeout=&lt;ms&gt;</screen>
     5302
     5303      <para>
     5304        Using a global extradata value, as follows:
     5305      </para>
     5306
     5307<screen>VBoxManage setextradata global VBoxInternal2/Watchdog/APIMonitor/IsolationTimeoutMS &lt;ms&gt;</screen>
     5308
     5309      <para>
     5310        Set the actual host isolation response using the following
    52235311        command line:
    5224 
    5225 <screen>--apimon-groups=&lt;string[,stringN]&gt;</screen>
    5226 
    5227         or using a global extradata value with:
    5228 
    5229 <screen>VBoxManage setextradata global VBoxInternal2/Watchdog/APIMonitor/Groups &lt;string[,stringN]&gt;</screen>
    5230       </para>
    5231 
    5232       <para>
    5233         To set the host isolation timeout via command line:
    5234 
    5235 <screen>--apimon-isln-timeout=&lt;ms&gt;</screen>
    5236 
    5237         or using a global extradata value with:
    5238 
    5239 <screen>VBoxManage setextradata global VBoxInternal2/Watchdog/APIMonitor/IsolationTimeoutMS &lt;ms&gt;</screen>
    5240       </para>
    5241 
    5242       <para>
    5243         To set the actual host isolation response via command line:
     5312      </para>
    52445313
    52455314<screen>--apimon-isln-response=&lt;cmd&gt;</screen>
    52465315
    5247         or using a global extradata value with:
     5316      <para>
     5317        Using a global extradata value, as follows:
     5318      </para>
    52485319
    52495320<screen>VBoxManage setextradata global VBoxInternal2/Watchdog/APIMonitor/IsolationResponse &lt;cmd&gt;</screen>
    52505321
     5322      <para>
    52515323        The following response commands are available:
    52525324      </para>
     
    53115383    <sect2 id="vboxwatchdog-linux">
    53125384
    5313       <title>Linux: Starting the Watchdog Service via init</title>
     5385      <title>Linux: Starting the Watchdog Service With init</title>
    53145386
    53155387      <para>
     
    53345406        <computeroutput>VBOXBALLOONCTRL_INTERVAL</computeroutput> can
    53355407        still be used.
    5336 
    5337         <table id="table-vboxwatchdog-config-params">
    5338           <title>VirtualBox Watchdog Configuration Parameters</title>
    5339           <tgroup cols="3">
    5340             <thead>
    5341               <row>
    5342                 <entry><emphasis role="bold">Parameter</emphasis></entry>
    5343                 <entry><emphasis role="bold">Description</emphasis></entry>
    5344                 <entry><emphasis role="bold">Default</emphasis></entry>
    5345               </row>
    5346             </thead>
    5347             <tbody>
    5348               <row>
    5349                 <entry><computeroutput>USER</computeroutput></entry>
    5350                 <entry>The user as which the watchdog service runs</entry>
    5351                 <entry></entry>
    5352               </row>
    5353               <row>
    5354                 <entry><computeroutput>ROTATE</computeroutput></entry>
    5355                 <entry>Number of log files; 0 disables log rotation</entry>
    5356                 <entry>10</entry>
    5357               </row>
    5358               <row>
    5359                 <entry><computeroutput>LOGSIZE</computeroutput></entry>
    5360                 <entry>Maximum size of a log file in bytes to trigger rotation</entry>
    5361                 <entry>1MB</entry>
    5362               </row>
    5363               <row>
    5364                 <entry><computeroutput>LOGINTERVAL</computeroutput></entry>
    5365                 <entry>Maximum time interval in seconds to trigger log rotation</entry>
    5366                 <entry>1 day</entry>
    5367               </row>
    5368               <row>
    5369                 <entry><computeroutput>BALLOON_INTERVAL</computeroutput></entry>
    5370                 <entry>Interval for checking the balloon size (msec)</entry>
    5371                 <entry>30000</entry>
    5372               </row>
    5373               <row>
    5374                 <entry><computeroutput>BALLOON_INCREMENT</computeroutput></entry>
    5375                 <entry>Balloon size increment (MByte)</entry>
    5376                 <entry>256</entry>
    5377               </row>
    5378               <row>
    5379                 <entry><computeroutput>BALLOON_DECREMENT</computeroutput></entry>
    5380                 <entry>Balloon size decrement (MByte)</entry>
    5381                 <entry>128</entry>
    5382               </row>
    5383               <row>
    5384                 <entry><computeroutput>BALLOON_LOWERLIMIT</computeroutput></entry>
    5385                 <entry>Balloon size lower limit (MByte)</entry>
    5386                 <entry>64</entry>
    5387               </row>
    5388               <row>
    5389                 <entry><computeroutput>BALLOON_SAFETYMARGIN</computeroutput></entry>
    5390                 <entry>Free memory required for decreasing the balloon size (MByte)</entry>
    5391                 <entry>1024</entry>
    5392               </row>
    5393             </tbody>
    5394           </tgroup>
    5395         </table>
    5396       </para>
     5408      </para>
     5409
     5410      <table id="table-vboxwatchdog-config-params">
     5411        <title>&product-name; Watchdog Configuration Parameters</title>
     5412        <tgroup cols="3">
     5413          <thead>
     5414            <row>
     5415              <entry><para>
     5416                  <emphasis role="bold">Parameter</emphasis>
     5417                </para></entry>
     5418              <entry><para>
     5419                  <emphasis role="bold">Description</emphasis>
     5420                </para></entry>
     5421              <entry><para>
     5422                  <emphasis role="bold">Default</emphasis>
     5423                </para></entry>
     5424            </row>
     5425          </thead>
     5426          <tbody>
     5427            <row>
     5428              <entry><para>
     5429                  <computeroutput>USER</computeroutput>
     5430                </para></entry>
     5431              <entry><para>
     5432                  The user which the watchdog service runs as
     5433                </para></entry>
     5434              <entry><para></para></entry>
     5435            </row>
     5436            <row>
     5437              <entry><para>
     5438                  <computeroutput>ROTATE</computeroutput>
     5439                </para></entry>
     5440              <entry><para>
     5441                  Number of log files, 0 disables log rotation
     5442                </para></entry>
     5443              <entry><para>
     5444                  10
     5445                </para></entry>
     5446            </row>
     5447            <row>
     5448              <entry><para>
     5449                  <computeroutput>LOGSIZE</computeroutput>
     5450                </para></entry>
     5451              <entry><para>
     5452                  Maximum log file size to trigger rotation, in bytes
     5453                </para></entry>
     5454              <entry><para>
     5455                  1MB
     5456                </para></entry>
     5457            </row>
     5458            <row>
     5459              <entry><para>
     5460                  <computeroutput>LOGINTERVAL</computeroutput>
     5461                </para></entry>
     5462              <entry><para>
     5463                  Maximum time interval to trigger log rotation, in
     5464                  seconds
     5465                </para></entry>
     5466              <entry><para>
     5467                  1 day
     5468                </para></entry>
     5469            </row>
     5470            <row>
     5471              <entry><para>
     5472                  <computeroutput>BALLOON_INTERVAL</computeroutput>
     5473                </para></entry>
     5474              <entry><para>
     5475                  Interval for checking the balloon size, in
     5476                  milliseconds
     5477                </para></entry>
     5478              <entry><para>
     5479                  30000
     5480                </para></entry>
     5481            </row>
     5482            <row>
     5483              <entry><para>
     5484                  <computeroutput>BALLOON_INCREMENT</computeroutput>
     5485                </para></entry>
     5486              <entry><para>
     5487                  Balloon size increment, in megabytes
     5488                </para></entry>
     5489              <entry><para>
     5490                  256
     5491                </para></entry>
     5492            </row>
     5493            <row>
     5494              <entry><para>
     5495                  <computeroutput>BALLOON_DECREMENT</computeroutput>
     5496                </para></entry>
     5497              <entry><para>
     5498                  Balloon size decrement, in megabytes
     5499                </para></entry>
     5500              <entry><para>
     5501                  128
     5502                </para></entry>
     5503            </row>
     5504            <row>
     5505              <entry><para>
     5506                  <computeroutput>BALLOON_LOWERLIMIT</computeroutput>
     5507                </para></entry>
     5508              <entry><para>
     5509                  Balloon size lower limit, in megabytes
     5510                </para></entry>
     5511              <entry><para>
     5512                  64
     5513                </para></entry>
     5514            </row>
     5515            <row>
     5516              <entry><para>
     5517                  <computeroutput>BALLOON_SAFETYMARGIN</computeroutput>
     5518                </para></entry>
     5519              <entry><para>
     5520                  Free memory required for decreasing the balloon size,
     5521                  in megabytes
     5522                </para></entry>
     5523              <entry><para>
     5524                  1024
     5525                </para></entry>
     5526            </row>
     5527          </tbody>
     5528        </tgroup>
     5529      </table>
    53975530
    53985531    </sect2>
     
    54005533    <sect2 id="vboxwatchdog-solaris">
    54015534
    5402       <title>Solaris: Starting the Watchdog Service via SMF</title>
    5403 
    5404       <para>
    5405         On Solaris hosts, the VirtualBox watchdog service daemon is
    5406         integrated into the SMF framework. You can change the
     5535      <title>Oracle Solaris: Starting the Watchdog Service With SMF</title>
     5536
     5537      <para>
     5538        On Oracle Solaris hosts, the &product-name; watchdog service
     5539        daemon is integrated into the SMF framework. You can change the
    54075540        parameters, but do not have to if the defaults already match
    54085541        your needs:
     
    54165549      <para>
    54175550        <xref linkend="table-vboxwatchdog-config-params"/> also applies
    5418         for Solaris. The parameter names must be changed to lowercase
    5419         and a prefix of <computeroutput>config/</computeroutput> has to
    5420         be added. For example:
    5421         <computeroutput>config/user</computeroutput> or
     5551        for Oracle Solaris. The parameter names must be changed to
     5552        lowercase and a prefix of
     5553        <computeroutput>config/</computeroutput> has to be added. For
     5554        example: <computeroutput>config/user</computeroutput> or
    54225555        <computeroutput>config/balloon_safetymargin</computeroutput>. If
    54235556        you made any change, do not forget to run the following command
    54245557        to put the changes into effect immediately:
     5558      </para>
    54255559
    54265560<screen>svcadm refresh svc:/application/virtualbox/balloonctrl:default</screen>
    5427       </para>
    54285561
    54295562      <para>
    54305563        If you forget the above command then the previous settings will
    54315564        be used when enabling the service. Check the current property
    5432         settings with:
     5565        settings with the following command:
     5566      </para>
    54335567
    54345568<screen>svcprop -p config svc:/application/virtualbox/balloonctrl:default</screen>
    5435       </para>
    54365569
    54375570      <para>
    54385571        When everything is configured correctly you can start the
    5439         VirtualBox watchdog service with the following command:
     5572        &product-name; watchdog service with the following command:
     5573      </para>
    54405574
    54415575<screen>svcadm enable svc:/application/virtualbox/balloonctrl:default</screen>
    5442       </para>
    5443 
    5444       <para>
    5445         For more information about SMF, please refer to the Solaris
    5446         documentation.
     5576
     5577      <para>
     5578        For more information about SMF, please refer to the Oracle
     5579        Solaris documentation.
    54475580      </para>
    54485581
     
    54565589
    54575590    <para>
    5458       Starting with VirtualBox 4.2.0 there is another extension pack,
    5459       <code>VNC</code>, which is open source and replaces the previous
    5460       integration of the VNC remote access protocol. This is
    5461       experimental code, and will be initially available in the
    5462       VirtualBox source code package only. It is to a large portion code
    5463       contributed by users, and is not supported in any way by Oracle.
     5591      Another extension pack called VNC is available. This extension
     5592      pack is open source and replaces the previous integration of the
     5593      VNC remote access protocol. This is experimental code, and is
     5594      initially available in the &product-name; source code package
     5595      only. It is to a large portion code contributed by users, and is
     5596      not supported in any way by Oracle.
    54645597    </para>
    54655598
     
    54735606
    54745607    <para>
    5475       It is possible to install both the Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension
    5476       Pack and VNC, but only one VRDE module can be active at any time.
    5477       The following command switches to the VNC VRDE module in VNC:
     5608      It is possible to install both the &product-name; Extension Pack
     5609      and VNC, but only one VRDE module can be active at any time. The
     5610      following command switches to the VNC VRDE module in VNC:
     5611    </para>
    54785612
    54795613<screen>VBoxManage setproperty vrdeextpack VNC</screen>
    5480     </para>
    54815614
    54825615    <para>
     
    54885621      other choice than having a clear-text password in the VM
    54895622      configuration, which can be set with the following command:
     5623    </para>
    54905624
    54915625<screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --vrdeproperty VNCPassword=secret</screen>
    5492     </para>
    54935626
    54945627    <para>
     
    54965629      should be removed when a VM configuration is passed to another
    54975630      person, for whatever purpose. Some VNC servers claim to have
    5498       "encrypted" passwords in the configuration. This is not true
    5499       encryption, it is only concealing the passwords, which is exactly
    5500       as secure as clear-text passwords.
     5631      encrypted passwords in the configuration. This is not true
     5632      encryption, it is only concealing the passwords, which is only as
     5633      secure as using clear-text passwords.
    55015634    </para>
    55025635
    55035636    <para>
    55045637      The following command switches back to VRDP, if installed:
    5505 
    5506 <screen>VBoxManage setproperty vrdeextpack "Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack"</screen>
    5507     </para>
     5638    </para>
     5639
     5640<screen>VBoxManage setproperty vrdeextpack "&product-name; Extension Pack"</screen>
    55085641
    55095642  </sect1>
     
    55145647
    55155648    <para>
    5516       Starting with VirtualBox 4.2.0 it is possible to start VMs
    5517       automatically during system boot on Linux, Solaris and Mac OS X
    5518       for all users.
     5649      You can start VMs automatically during system boot on Linux,
     5650      Oracle Solaris, and Mac OS X platforms for all users.
    55195651    </para>
    55205652
    55215653    <sect2 id="autostart-linux">
    55225654
    5523       <title>Linux: Starting the Autostart Service via init</title>
     5655      <title>Linux: Starting the Autostart Service With init</title>
    55245656
    55255657      <para>
     
    55495681      </para>
    55505682
    5551       <para>
    55525683<screen>
    55535684# Default policy is to deny starting a VM, the other option is "allow".
     
    55675698}
    55685699      </screen>
    5569       </para>
    55705700
    55715701      <para>
    55725702        Every user who wants to enable autostart for individual machines
    5573         has to set the path to the autostart database directory with
     5703        has to set the path to the autostart database directory with the
     5704        following command:
     5705      </para>
    55745706
    55755707<screen>VBoxManage setproperty autostartdbpath &lt;Autostart directory&gt;</screen>
    5576       </para>
    55775708
    55785709    </sect2>
     
    55805711    <sect2 id="autostart-solaris">
    55815712
    5582       <title>Solaris: Starting the Autostart Service via SMF</title>
    5583 
    5584       <para>
    5585         On Solaris hosts, the VirtualBox autostart daemon is integrated
    5586         into the SMF framework. To enable it you have to point the
    5587         service to an existing configuration file which has the same
    5588         format as on Linux, see <xref linkend="autostart-linux" />. For
    5589         example:
     5713      <title>Oracle Solaris: Starting the Autostart Service With SMF</title>
     5714
     5715      <para>
     5716        On Oracle Solaris hosts, the &product-name; autostart daemon is
     5717        integrated into the SMF framework. To enable it you have to
     5718        point the service to an existing configuration file which has
     5719        the same format as on Linux, see
     5720        <xref linkend="autostart-linux" />. For example:
     5721      </para>
    55905722
    55915723<screen>svccfg -s svc:/application/virtualbox/autostart:default setprop \
    55925724  config/config=/etc/vbox/autostart.cfg</screen>
    5593       </para>
    55945725
    55955726      <para>
    55965727        When everything is configured correctly you can start the
    5597         VirtualBox autostart service with the following command:
     5728        &product-name; autostart service with the following command:
     5729      </para>
    55985730
    55995731<screen>svcadm enable svc:/application/virtualbox/autostart:default</screen>
    5600       </para>
    5601 
    5602       <para>
    5603         For more information about SMF, please refer to the Solaris
    5604         documentation.
     5732
     5733      <para>
     5734        For more information about SMF, please refer to the Oracle
     5735        Solaris documentation.
    56055736      </para>
    56065737
     
    56095740    <sect2 id="autostart-osx">
    56105741
    5611       <title>Mac OS X: Starting the Autostart Service via launchd</title>
    5612 
    5613       <para>
    5614         On Mac OS X, launchd is used to start the VirtualBox autostart
    5615         service. An example configuration file can be found in
     5742      <title>Mac OS X: Starting the Autostart Service With launchd</title>
     5743
     5744      <para>
     5745        On Mac OS X, launchd is used to start the &product-name;
     5746        autostart service. An example configuration file can be found in
    56165747        <computeroutput>/Applications/VirtualBox.app/Contents/MacOS/org.virtualbox.vboxautostart.plist</computeroutput>.
    56175748        To enable the service copy the file to
     
    56225753        second parameter to an existing configuration file which has the
    56235754        same format as on Linux, see <xref linkend="autostart-linux" />.
     5755      </para>
     5756
     5757      <para>
    56245758        To manually start the service use the following command:
     5759      </para>
    56255760
    56265761<screen>launchctl load /Library/LaunchDaemons/org.virtualbox.vboxautostart.plist</screen>
    56275762
    5628         For additional information on how launchd services could be
     5763      <para>
     5764        For additional information on how launchd services can be
    56295765        configured see:
    56305766      </para>
     
    56415777  <sect1 id="vboxexpertstoragemgmt">
    56425778
    5643     <title>VirtualBox Expert Storage Management</title>
    5644 
    5645     <para>
    5646       In case the snapshot model of VirtualBox is not sufficient it is
    5647       possible to enable a special mode which makes it possible to
     5779    <title>&product-name; Expert Storage Management</title>
     5780
     5781    <para>
     5782      In case the snapshot model of &product-name; is not sufficient it
     5783      is possible to enable a special mode which makes it possible to
    56485784      reconfigure storage attachments while the VM is paused. The user
    56495785      has to make sure that the disk data stays consistent to the guest
     
    56735809
    56745810    <para>
    5675       Some host power management events are handled by VirtualBox. The
    5676       actual behavior depends on the platform:
     5811      Some host power management events are handled by &product-name;.
     5812      The actual behavior depends on the platform:
    56775813    </para>
    56785814
     
    56885824        <para>
    56895825          This event is currently only handled on Windows hosts and Mac
    5690           OS X hosts. When this event is generated, VirtualBox will
     5826          OS X hosts. When this event is generated, &product-name; will
    56915827          pause all running VMs.
    56925828        </para>
     
    57015837        <para>
    57025838          This event is currently only handled on Windows hosts and Mac
    5703           OS X hosts. When this event is generated, VirtualBox will
     5839          OS X hosts. When this event is generated, &product-name; will
    57045840          resume all VMs which are where paused before.
    57055841        </para>
     
    57155851        <para>
    57165852          This event is currently only handled on Windows hosts and Mac
    5717           OS X hosts. When this event is generated, VirtualBox will save
    5718           the state and terminate all VMs in preparation of a potential
    5719           host powerdown.
     5853          OS X hosts. When this event is generated, &product-name; will
     5854          save the state and terminate all VMs in preparation of a
     5855          potential host powerdown.
    57205856        </para>
    57215857
     
    57545890      To provide SSE 4.1/SSE 4.2 support to guests, the host CPU has to
    57555891      implement these instruction sets. The instruction sets are exposed
    5756       to guests by default, but it is possible to disable the instructions
    5757       for certain guests using the following commands:</para>
     5892      to guests by default, but it is possible to disable the
     5893      instructions for certain guests by using the following commands:
     5894    </para>
     5895
    57585896<screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" VBoxInternal/CPUM/IsaExts/SSE4.1 0
    57595897VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" VBoxInternal/CPUM/IsaExts/SSE4.2 0</screen>
    57605898
    57615899    <para>
    5762       These are a per-VM settings which are turned on by default.
     5900      These are per-VM settings which are enabled by default.
    57635901    </para>
    57645902
     
    57675905  <sect1 id="hidledssync">
    57685906
    5769     <title>Support for Keyboard Indicators Synchronization</title>
    5770 
    5771     <para>
    5772       This feature makes the host keyboard lights match those of the
    5773       virtual machine's emulated keyboard when the machine window is
    5774       selected. It is currently implemented for Mac OS X and Windows
    5775       hosts. The feature is enabled by default (on a supported host OS),
    5776       but can be disabled using the following command:
    5777     </para>
    5778 
    5779 <screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" GUI/HidLedsSync "0"</screen>
    5780 
    5781     <para>
    5782       This is a per-VM setting and it is enabled by default.
     5907    <title>Support for Keyboard Indicator Synchronization</title>
     5908
     5909    <para>
     5910      This feature makes the host keyboard indicators (LEDs) match those
     5911      of the VM's emulated keyboard when the machine window is active.
     5912      It is currently implemented for Mac OS X and Windows hosts. This
     5913      feature is enabled by default on supported host OSes. You can
     5914      disable this feature by running the following command:
     5915    </para>
     5916
     5917<screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" GUI/HidLedsSync 0</screen>
     5918
     5919    <para>
     5920      This is a per-VM setting, which is enabled by default.
    57835921    </para>
    57845922
     
    57905928
    57915929    <para>
    5792       Starting with VirtualBox 5.0 it is possible to capture USB traffic
    5793       for single USB devices or on the root hub level which captures the
    5794       traffic of all USB devices attached to the root hub. VirtualBox
    5795       stores the traffic in a format which is compatible with Wireshark.
    5796       To capture the traffic of a specific USB device it must be
    5797       attached to the VM with VBoxManage using the following command:
     5930      You can capture USB traffic for single USB devices or on the root
     5931      hub level, which captures the traffic of all USB devices attached
     5932      to the root hub. &product-name; stores the traffic in a format
     5933      which is compatible with Wireshark. To capture the traffic of a
     5934      specific USB device it must be attached to the VM with
     5935      <command>VBoxManage</command> using the following command:
    57985936    </para>
    57995937
     
    58235961
    58245962    <para>
    5825       VirtualBox ships a simple heartbeat service. Once the Guest
     5963      &product-name; ships a simple heartbeat service. Once the Guest
    58265964      Additions are active, the guest sends frequent heartbeat pings to
    58275965      the host. If the guest stops sending the heartbeat pings without
     
    58365974      interval</emphasis> defines the time between two heartbeat pings.
    58375975      The default value is 2 seconds, that is, the heartbeat service of
    5838       the VirtualBox Guest Additions will send a heartbeat ping every
    5839       two seconds. The value in nanoseconds can be configured like this:
     5976      the &product-name; Guest Additions will send a heartbeat ping
     5977      every two seconds. The value in nanoseconds can be configured like
     5978      this:
    58405979    </para>
    58415980
     
    58706009
    58716010    <para>
    5872       Starting with VirtualBox 5.0, it is possible to encrypt the data
    5873       stored in hard disk images transparently for the guest. It does
    5874       not depend on a specific image format to be used. Images which
    5875       have the data encrypted are not portable between VirtualBox and
    5876       other virtualization software.
    5877     </para>
    5878 
    5879     <para>
    5880       VirtualBox uses the AES algorithm in XTS mode and supports 128-bit
    5881       or 256-bit data encryption keys (DEK). The DEK is stored encrypted
    5882       in the medium properties and is decrypted during VM startup by
    5883       entering a password which was chosen when the image was encrypted.
     6011      &product-name; enables you to transparently encrypt the data
     6012      stored in hard disk images for the guest. It does not depend on a
     6013      specific image format to be used. Images which have the data
     6014      encrypted are not portable between &product-name; and other
     6015      virtualization software.
     6016    </para>
     6017
     6018    <para>
     6019      &product-name; uses the AES algorithm in XTS mode and supports
     6020      128-bit or 256-bit data encryption keys (DEK). The DEK is stored
     6021      encrypted in the medium properties and is decrypted during VM
     6022      startup by entering a password which was chosen when the image was
     6023      encrypted.
    58846024    </para>
    58856025
     
    59056045        <listitem>
    59066046          <para>
    5907             This feature is part of the Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension
    5908             Pack, which needs to be installed. Otherwise disk encryption
    5909             is unavailable.
     6047            This feature is part of the &product-name; Extension Pack,
     6048            which needs to be installed. Otherwise disk encryption is
     6049            unavailable.
    59106050          </para>
    59116051        </listitem>
     
    59426082          <para>
    59436083            When encrypting or decrypting the images, the password is
    5944             passed in clear text via the VirtualBox API. This needs to
    5945             be kept in mind, especially when using third party API
    5946             clients which make use of the webservice where the password
    5947             might be transmitted over the network. The use of HTTPS is
    5948             mandatory in such a case.
     6084            passed in clear text using the &product-name; API. This
     6085            needs to be kept in mind, especially when using third party
     6086            API clients which make use of the webservice where the
     6087            password might be transmitted over the network. The use of
     6088            HTTPS is mandatory in such a case.
    59496089          </para>
    59506090        </listitem>
     
    59546094            Encrypting images with differencing images is only possible
    59556095            if there are no snapshots or a linear chain of snapshots.
    5956             This limitation may be addressed in a future VirtualBox
     6096            This limitation may be addressed in a future &product-name;
    59576097            version.
    59586098          </para>
     
    59696109      <para>
    59706110        Encrypting disk images can be done either using the GUI or
    5971         VBoxManage. While the GUI is easier to use, it works on a per VM
    5972         basis and encrypts all disk images attached to the specific VM.
    5973         With VBoxManage one can encrypt individual images, including all
    5974         differencing images. To encrypt an unencrypted medium with
    5975         VBoxManage, use:
     6111        <command>VBoxManage</command>. While the GUI is easier to use,
     6112        it works on a per VM basis and encrypts all disk images attached
     6113        to the specific VM. With <command>VBoxManage</command> one can
     6114        encrypt individual images, including all differencing images. To
     6115        encrypt an unencrypted medium with
     6116        <command>VBoxManage</command>, use:
    59766117      </para>
    59776118
     
    59806121
    59816122      <para>
    5982         To supply the encryption password point VBoxManage to the file
    5983         where the password is stored or specify
    5984         <computeroutput>-</computeroutput> to let VBoxManage ask you for
    5985         the password on the command line.
     6123        To supply the encryption password point
     6124        <command>VBoxManage</command> to the file where the password is
     6125        stored or specify <option>-</option> to let VBoxManage ask you
     6126        for the password on the command line.
    59866127      </para>
    59876128
     
    60146155        used, the VM will be paused as soon as the guest tries to access
    60156156        an encrypted disk. The user needs to provide the passwords
    6016         through VBoxManage using the following command:
     6157        through <command>VBoxManage</command> using the following
     6158        command:
    60176159      </para>
    60186160
     
    60416183        In some circumstances it might be required to decrypt previously
    60426184        encrypted images. This can be done in the GUI for a complete VM
    6043         or using VBoxManage with the following command:
     6185        or using <command>VBoxManage</command> with the following
     6186        command:
    60446187      </para>
    60456188
     
    61636306
    61646307          <para>
    6165             Value: Hyper-V vendor signature reported via CPUID to the
     6308            Value: Hyper-V vendor signature reported by CPUID to the
    61666309            guest
    61676310          </para>
     
    61756318          <para>
    61766319            Specify the Hyper-V vendor signature which is exposed to the
    6177             guest via CPUID. For debugging Microsoft Windows guests, it
     6320            guest by CPUID. For debugging Microsoft Windows guests, it
    61786321            is required the hypervisor reports the Microsoft vendor.
    61796322          </para>
     
    62226365
    62236366          <para>
    6224             Specify whether to expose the "VS#1" (virtualization
    6225             service) interface to the guest. This interface is required
    6226             for debugging Microsoft Windows 10 32-bit guests, but is
     6367            Specify whether to expose the VS#1 virtualization service
     6368            interface to the guest. This interface is required for
     6369            debugging Microsoft Windows 10 32-bit guests, but is
    62276370            optional for other Windows versions.
    62286371          </para>
     
    62386381        <para>
    62396382          Windows supports debugging over a serial cable, USB, IEEE 1394
    6240           Firewire, and Ethernet (only Windows 8 and later). USB and
    6241           IEEE 1394 are not applicable for virtual machines, and
    6242           Ethernet requires Windows 8 or later. While serial connection
    6243           is universally usable, it is slow.
     6383          Firewire, and Ethernet. USB and IEEE 1394 are not applicable
     6384          for virtual machines, and Ethernet requires Windows 8 or
     6385          later. While a serial connection is universally usable, it is
     6386          slow.
    62446387        </para>
    62456388
     
    62636406            <para>
    62646407              A VM configured for Hyper-V paravirtualization running a
    6265               Windows Vista or newer Windows guest. You may check the
    6266               effective paravirtualization provider for your VM from the
    6267               output of the following VBoxManage command:
    6268             </para>
    6269 
    6270             <para>
     6408              Windows Vista or newer Windows guest. You can check the
     6409              effective paravirtualization provider for your VM with the
     6410              output of the following <command>VBoxManage</command>
     6411              command:
     6412            </para>
     6413
    62716414<screen>VBoxManage showvminfo "VM name"</screen>
    6272             </para>
    62736415          </listitem>
    62746416
     
    62876429              debugging with a Windows 7 or Vista guest, copy the file
    62886430              <computeroutput>kdvm.dll</computeroutput> from a Windows
    6289               8.0 installation
    6290 
    6291               <footnote>
    6292 
    6293                 <para>
    6294                   Only Windows 8.0 ships
    6295                   <computeroutput>kdvm.dll</computeroutput>. Windows 8.1
    6296                   and newer Windows versions do not.
    6297                 </para>
    6298 
    6299               </footnote>
    6300 
    6301               . This file is typically located in
     6431              8.0 installation. This file is typically located in
    63026432              <computeroutput>C:\Windows\System32</computeroutput>. Copy
    63036433              it to the same location in your Windows 7/Vista guest.
     
    63056435              which matches your guest OS.
    63066436            </para>
     6437
     6438            <note>
     6439              <para>
     6440                Only Windows 8.0 ships
     6441                <computeroutput>kdvm.dll</computeroutput>. Windows 8.1
     6442                and newer Windows versions do not.
     6443              </para>
     6444            </note>
    63076445          </listitem>
    63086446
     
    63236461          <listitem>
    63246462            <para>
    6325               Enable the debug options by executing the following
    6326               VBoxManage command:
    6327             </para>
    6328 
    6329             <para>
     6463              Enable the debug options with the following
     6464              <command>VBoxManage</command> command:
     6465            </para>
     6466
    63306467<screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --paravirtdebug "enabled=1"</screen>
    6331             </para>
    63326468
    63336469            <para>
     
    63356471              your host machine on UDP port 50000. However, if you need
    63366472              to run the debugger on a remote machine you may specify
    6337               the remote address and port here. For example::
    6338             </para>
    6339 
    6340             <para>
     6473              the remote address and port here. For example:
     6474            </para>
     6475
    63416476<screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --paravirtdebug "enabled=1,address=192.168.32.1,port=55000"</screen>
    6342             </para>
    63436477
    63446478            <para>
     
    63676501                </para>
    63686502
    6369                 <para>
    63706503<screen>bcdedit /dbgsettings net hostip:5.5.5.5 port:50000 key:1.2.3.4</screen>
    6371                 </para>
    63726504              </listitem>
    63736505
     
    63776509                </para>
    63786510
    6379                 <para>
    63806511<screen>bcdedit /set loadoptions host_ip=5.5.5.5,host_port=50000,encryption_key=1.2.3.4</screen>
    63816512
    63826513<screen>bcdedit /set dbgtransport kdvm.dll</screen>
    6383                 </para>
    63846514
    63856515                <para>
    63866516                  The IP address and port in the
    6387                   <computeroutput>bcdedit</computeroutput> command are
    6388                   ignored when using the Hyper-V debug transport. Any
    6389                   valid IP and a port number greater than 49151 and
    6390                   lower than 65536 can be entered.
     6517                  <command>bcdedit</command> command are ignored when
     6518                  using the Hyper-V debug transport. Any valid IP and a
     6519                  port number greater than 49151 and lower than 65536
     6520                  can be entered.
    63916521                </para>
    63926522
    63936523                <para>
    6394                   The encryption key in the
    6395                   <computeroutput>bcdedit</computeroutput> command is
    6396                   relevant and must be valid. The key "1.2.3.4" used in
    6397                   the above example is valid and may be used if security
    6398                   is not a concern. If you do not specify any encryption
    6399                   key, <computeroutput>bcdedit</computeroutput> will
    6400                   generate one for you and you will need to copy this
    6401                   key to later enter in Microsoft WinDbg on the remote
    6402                   end. This encryption key is used to encrypt the debug
    6403                   data exchanged between Windows and the debugger.
     6524                  The encryption key in the <command>bcdedit</command>
     6525                  command is relevant and must be valid. The key
     6526                  "1.2.3.4" used in the above example is valid and may
     6527                  be used if security is not a concern. If you do not
     6528                  specify any encryption key, <command>bcdedit</command>
     6529                  will generate one for you and you will need to copy
     6530                  this key to later enter in Microsoft WinDbg on the
     6531                  remote end. This encryption key is used to encrypt the
     6532                  debug data exchanged between Windows and the debugger.
    64046533                </para>
    64056534              </listitem>
     
    64076536              <listitem>
    64086537                <para>
    6409                   Execute one or more of the following commands to
    6410                   enable debugging for the appropriate phase or
    6411                   component of your Windows guest:
     6538                  Run one or more of the following commands to enable
     6539                  debugging for the appropriate phase or component of
     6540                  your Windows guest:
    64126541                </para>
    64136542
     6543<screen>bcdedit /set debug on</screen>
     6544
     6545<screen>bcdedit /set bootdebug on</screen>
     6546
     6547<screen>bcdedit /set {bootmgr} bootdebug on</screen>
     6548
    64146549                <para>
    6415 <screen>bcdedit /set debug on</screen>
    6416 
    6417 <screen>bcdedit /set bootdebug on</screen>
    6418 
    6419 <screen>bcdedit /set {bootmgr} bootdebug on</screen>
    6420                 </para>
    6421 
    6422                 <para>
    6423                   Please note that the
    6424                   <computeroutput>bootdebug</computeroutput> options are
    6425                   only effective on Windows 8 or newer when using the
    6426                   Hyper-V debug transport. Refer to Microsoft Windows
    6427                   documentation for detailed explanation of
    6428                   <computeroutput>bcdedit</computeroutput> options.
     6550                  Please note that the <command>bootdebug</command>
     6551                  options are only effective on Windows 8 or newer when
     6552                  using the Hyper-V debug transport. Refer to Microsoft
     6553                  Windows documentation for detailed explanation of
     6554                  <command>bcdedit</command> options.
    64296555                </para>
    64306556              </listitem>
     
    64426568              From the <emphasis role="bold">File</emphasis> menu,
    64436569              select <emphasis role="bold">Kernel Debug</emphasis>. On
    6444               the NET tab, specify the UDP port number you used in the
     6570              the <emphasis role="bold">NET</emphasis> tab, specify the
     6571              UDP port number you used in the
    64456572              <computeroutput>paravirtdebug</computeroutput> options. If
    64466573              you did not specify any, leave it as 50000. Ensure that
     
    64506577
    64516578            <para>
    6452               In the Key field, enter
     6579              In the <emphasis role="bold">Key</emphasis> field, enter
    64536580              <computeroutput>1.2.3.4</computeroutput> or the encryption
    64546581              key from the <computeroutput>bcdedit</computeroutput>
     
    64596586              Click <emphasis role="bold">OK</emphasis> to start
    64606587              listening for connections. Microsoft WinDbg typically
    6461               shows a "Waiting to reconnect" message during this phase.
    6462             </para>
    6463 
    6464             <para>
    6465               Alternatively, launch WinDbg from the command line to
    6466               directly start a debug session:
     6588              shows a Waiting to Reconnect message during this phase.
     6589            </para>
     6590
     6591            <para>
     6592              Alternatively, to directly start a debug session, run
     6593              WinDbg from the command line as follows :
     6594            </para>
    64676595
    64686596<screen>windbg.exe -k net:port=50000,key=1.2.3.4</screen>
    64696597
    6470               Please refer to the WinDbg documentation for complete
    6471               command line syntax.
     6598            <para>
     6599              See the WinDbg documentation for the complete command line
     6600              syntax.
    64726601            </para>
    64736602          </listitem>
     
    64956624      As an experimental feature, primarily due to being limited to
    64966625      Linux host only and unknown Linux distribution coverage,
    6497       VirtualBox supports passing through the PC speaker to the host.
    6498       The PC speaker, sometimes called the system speaker, is a way to
    6499       produce audible feedback such as beeps without the need for
     6626      &product-name; supports passing through the PC speaker to the
     6627      host. The PC speaker, sometimes called the system speaker, is a
     6628      way to produce audible feedback such as beeps without the need for
    65006629      regular audio and sound card support.
    65016630    </para>
    65026631
    65036632    <para>
    6504       The PC speaker passthrough feature in VirtualBox handles beeps
     6633      The PC speaker passthrough feature in &product-name; handles beeps
    65056634      only. Advanced PC speaker use by the VM, such as PCM audio, will
    65066635      not work, resulting in undefined host behavior.
     
    65086637
    65096638    <para>
    6510       Producing beeps on Linux is a very complex topic. VirtualBox
     6639      Producing beeps on Linux is a very complex topic. &product-name;
    65116640      offers a collection of options, in an attempt to make this work
    65126641      deterministically and reliably on as many Linux distributions and
     
    65206649        <thead>
    65216650          <row>
    6522             <entry><emphasis role="bold">Code</emphasis></entry>
    6523             <entry><emphasis role="bold">Device</emphasis></entry>
    6524             <entry><emphasis role="bold">Notes</emphasis></entry>
     6651            <entry><para>
     6652                <emphasis role="bold">Code</emphasis>
     6653              </para></entry>
     6654            <entry><para>
     6655                <emphasis role="bold">Device</emphasis>
     6656              </para></entry>
     6657            <entry><para>
     6658                <emphasis role="bold">Notes</emphasis>
     6659              </para></entry>
    65256660          </row>
    65266661        </thead>
    65276662        <tbody>
    65286663          <row>
    6529             <entry>1</entry>
    6530             <entry><computeroutput>/dev/input/ by-path/platform-
    6531               pcspkr-event-spkr</computeroutput></entry>
    6532             <entry>Direct host PC speaker use.</entry>
     6664            <entry><para>
     6665                1
     6666              </para></entry>
     6667            <entry><para>
     6668                <computeroutput>/dev/input/by-path/platform-
     6669                pcspkr-event-spkr</computeroutput>
     6670              </para></entry>
     6671            <entry><para>
     6672                Direct host PC speaker use.
     6673              </para></entry>
    65336674          </row>
    65346675          <row>
    6535             <entry>2</entry>
     6676            <entry><para>
     6677                2
     6678              </para></entry>
    65366679            <entry><computeroutput>/dev/tty</computeroutput></entry>
    6537             <entry>Uses the terminal association of the VM process. VM needs to be started
    6538               on a virtual console.</entry>
     6680            <entry><para>
     6681                Uses the terminal association of the VM process. VM
     6682                needs to be started on a virtual console.
     6683              </para></entry>
    65396684          </row>
    65406685          <row>
    6541             <entry>3</entry>
    6542             <entry><computeroutput>/dev/tty0</computeroutput> or
    6543               <computeroutput>/dev/vc/0</computeroutput></entry>
    6544             <entry>Can only be used by user <computeroutput>root</computeroutput> or users
    6545               with capability
    6546               <computeroutput>cap_sys_tty_config</computeroutput></entry>
     6686            <entry><para>
     6687                3
     6688              </para></entry>
     6689            <entry><para>
     6690                <computeroutput>/dev/tty0</computeroutput> or
     6691                <computeroutput>/dev/vc/0</computeroutput>
     6692              </para></entry>
     6693            <entry><para>
     6694                Can only be used by user
     6695                <computeroutput>root</computeroutput> or users with
     6696                <computeroutput>cap_sys_tty_config</computeroutput>
     6697                capability.
     6698              </para></entry>
    65476699          </row>
    65486700          <row>
    6549             <entry>9</entry>
    6550             <entry>user specified console or evdev device path</entry>
    6551             <entry>Like 1-3, just with a custom device path.</entry>
     6701            <entry><para>
     6702                9
     6703              </para></entry>
     6704            <entry><para>
     6705                A user-specified console or evdev device path.
     6706              </para></entry>
     6707            <entry><para>
     6708                As for codes 1 to 3, but with a custom device path.
     6709              </para></entry>
    65526710          </row>
    65536711          <row>
    6554             <entry>70</entry>
    6555             <entry><computeroutput>/dev/tty</computeroutput></entry>
    6556             <entry>Standard beep only. Loses frequency and length. See code 2.</entry>
     6712            <entry><para>
     6713                70
     6714              </para></entry>
     6715            <entry><para>
     6716                <computeroutput>/dev/tty</computeroutput>
     6717              </para></entry>
     6718            <entry><para>
     6719                Standard beep only. Loses frequency and length. See code
     6720                2.
     6721              </para></entry>
    65576722          </row>
    65586723          <row>
    6559             <entry>79</entry>
    6560             <entry>user specified terminal device path</entry>
    6561             <entry>Like 70, just with a custom device path.</entry>
     6724            <entry><para>
     6725                79
     6726              </para></entry>
     6727            <entry><para>
     6728                A user-specified terminal device path.
     6729              </para></entry>
     6730            <entry><para>
     6731                As for code 70, but with a custom device path.
     6732              </para></entry>
    65626733          </row>
    65636734          <row>
    6564             <entry>100</entry>
    6565             <entry>all of the above</entry>
    6566             <entry>Tries all above codes.</entry>
     6735            <entry><para>
     6736                100
     6737              </para></entry>
     6738            <entry><para>
     6739                All of the above.
     6740              </para></entry>
     6741            <entry><para>
     6742                Tries all the available codes.
     6743              </para></entry>
    65676744          </row>
    65686745        </tbody>
     
    65726749    <para>
    65736750      To enable PC speaker passthrough use the following command:
     6751    </para>
    65746752
    65756753<screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" "VBoxInternal/Devices/i8254/0/Config/PassthroughSpeaker" N</screen>
    65766754
     6755    <para>
    65776756      Replace <computeroutput>N</computeroutput> with the code
    65786757      representing the case you want to use. Changing this setting will
     
    65926771    <para>
    65936772      Enabling PC speaker passthrough for the VM is usually the simple
    6594       part. The real difficulty is making sure that VirtualBox can
     6773      part. The real difficulty is making sure that &product-name; can
    65956774      access the necessary device, because in a typical Linux install
    65966775      most of them can only be accessed by user
    65976776      <computeroutput>root</computeroutput>. You should follow the
    6598       preferred way to persistently change this, e.g. by referring to
     6777      preferred way to persistently change this, such as by referring to
    65996778      your distribution's documentation. Since there are countless Linux
    66006779      distribution variants, we can only give the general hints that
     
    66086787    <para>
    66096788      Sometimes additional rules are applied by the kernel to limit
    6610       access (e.g. that the VM process must have the same controlling
    6611       terminal as the device configured to be used for beeping,
    6612       something which is often very difficult to achieve for GUI
    6613       applications such as VirtualBox). The table above contains some
    6614       hints, but generally refer to the Linux documentation.
     6789      access. For example, that the VM process must have the same
     6790      controlling terminal as the device configured to be used for
     6791      beeping, something which is often very difficult to achieve for
     6792      GUI applications such as &product-name;. The table above contains
     6793      some hints, but in general refer to the Linux documentation.
    66156794    </para>
    66166795
     
    66236802      Check if the beeps are audible if you connect speakers to your
    66246803      sound card. Today almost all systems have one. Finally, check if
    6625       the audio mixer control has a channel named "beep" (could be
    6626       hidden in the mixer settings) and that it is not muted.
     6804      the audio mixer control has a channel named "beep", which could be
     6805      hidden in the mixer settings, and that it is not muted.
    66276806    </para>
    66286807
     
    66346813
    66356814    <para>
    6636       Starting with 5.1.0, VirtualBox supports passing through USB
    6637       devices which are exposed over the network using the USB over IP
    6638       protocol without the need to configure the client side provided by
    6639       the kernel and usbip tools. Furthermore, this feature works with
    6640       VirtualBox running on any supported host, rather than just Linux
    6641       alone, as is the case with the official client.
     6815      &product-name; supports passing through USB devices which are
     6816      exposed over the network using the USB over IP protocol without
     6817      the need to configure the client side provided by the kernel and
     6818      usbip tools. Furthermore, this feature works with &product-name;
     6819      running on any supported host, rather than just Linux alone, as is
     6820      the case with the official client.
    66426821    </para>
    66436822
     
    66466825      server exporting the devices must be added with the following
    66476826      command:
     6827    </para>
    66486828
    66496829<screen>VBoxManage usbdevsource add "Unique name" --backend "USBIP" --address "Device server[:port]"</screen>
    66506830
     6831    <para>
    66516832      USB devices exported on the device server are then accessible
    6652       through the GUI or VBoxManage, like any USB devices attached
    6653       locally. This can be used multiple times to access different
    6654       device servers.
     6833      through the GUI or <command>VBoxManage</command>, like any USB
     6834      devices attached locally. This can be used multiple times to
     6835      access different device servers.
    66556836    </para>
    66566837
    66576838    <para>
    66586839      To remove a device server, the following command can be used:
     6840    </para>
    66596841
    66606842<screen>VBoxManage usbdevsource remove "Unique name"</screen>
    6661     </para>
    66626843
    66636844    <sect2 id="usbip-setup-server">
     
    66746855        The particular installation method for the necessary tools
    66756856        depends on which distribution is used. For example, for Debian
    6676         based systems - the following command should be used to install
     6857        based systems, the following command should be used to install
    66776858        the required tools:
     6859      </para>
    66786860
    66796861<screen>apt-get install usbip-utils</screen>
    6680       </para>
    66816862
    66826863      <para>
    66836864        To check whether the necessary tools are already installed use
    66846865        the following command:
     6866      </para>
    66856867
    66866868<screen>
    66876869$ usbip list -l
    66886870      </screen>
    6689       </para>
    66906871
    66916872      <para>
    66926873        This should produce output similar to that shown in the example
    66936874        below:
     6875      </para>
    66946876
    66956877<screen>
     
    67006882   Logitech, Inc. : Unifying Receiver (046d:c52b)
    67016883      </screen>
    6702       </para>
    67036884
    67046885      <para>
     
    67066887        started as <computeroutput>root</computeroutput> using the
    67076888        following command:
     6889      </para>
    67086890
    67096891<screen>usbipd -D</screen>
    67106892
     6893      <para>
    67116894        Refer to the documentation for the installed distribution to
    67126895        determine how to start the service when the system boots.
     
    67156898      <para>
    67166899        By default, no device on the server is exported. This must be
    6717         done manually for each device. To export a device use:
     6900        done manually for each device. To export a device use the
     6901        following command:
     6902      </para>
    67186903
    67196904<screen>usbip bind -b "bus identifier"</screen>
    67206905
    6721         To export the multicard reader from above, for example - use:
     6906      <para>
     6907        To export the multicard reader in the previous example:
     6908      </para>
    67226909
    67236910<screen>usbip bind -b 4-2</screen>
    6724       </para>
    67256911
    67266912    </sect2>
     
    67456931  </sect1>
    67466932
    6747   <xi:include href="user_isomakercmd-man.xml"    xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
     6933  <sect1 id="hyperv-support">
     6934
     6935    <title>Using Hyper-V with &product-name;</title>
     6936
     6937    <para>
     6938      &product-name; can be used on a Windows host where Hyper-V is
     6939      running. This is an experimental feature.
     6940    </para>
     6941
     6942    <para>
     6943      No configuration is required. &product-name; detects Hyper-V
     6944      automatically and uses Hyper-V as the virtualization engine for
     6945      the host. The CPU icon in the VM window status bar indicates that
     6946      Hyper-V is being used.
     6947    </para>
     6948
     6949    <note>
     6950      <para>
     6951        When using this feature, you might experience significant
     6952        &product-name; performance degradation on some host systems.
     6953      </para>
     6954    </note>
     6955
     6956  </sect1>
     6957
     6958  <sect1 id="nested-virt">
     6959
     6960    <title>Nested Virtualization</title>
     6961
     6962    <para>
     6963      &product-name; supports <emphasis>nested virtualization</emphasis>
     6964      on host systems that run AMD CPUs. This feature enables the
     6965      passthrough of hardware virtualization functions to the guest VM.
     6966      That means that you can install a hypervisor, such as
     6967      &product-name; or KVM, on an &product-name; guest. You can then
     6968      create and run VMs within the guest VM.
     6969    </para>
     6970
     6971    <para>
     6972      You can enable the nested virtualization feature in one of the
     6973      following ways:
     6974    </para>
     6975
     6976    <itemizedlist>
     6977
     6978      <listitem>
     6979        <para>
     6980          From the VirtualBox Manager, select the
     6981          <emphasis role="bold">Enable Nested VT-x/AMD-V</emphasis>
     6982          check box on the <emphasis role="bold">System</emphasis> tab.
     6983          To disable the feature, deselect the check box.
     6984        </para>
     6985      </listitem>
     6986
     6987      <listitem>
     6988        <para>
     6989          Use the <option>--nested-hw-virt</option> option of the
     6990          <command>VBoxManage modifyvm</command> command to enable or
     6991          disable nested virtualization. See
     6992          <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm"/>.
     6993        </para>
     6994      </listitem>
     6995
     6996    </itemizedlist>
     6997
     6998  </sect1>
     6999
     7000  <xi:include href="user_isomakercmd-man.xml"    xpointer="element(/1)" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
    67487001
    67497002</chapter>
  • trunk/doc/manual/en_US/user_BasicConcepts.xml

    r75137 r76078  
    1010
    1111  <para>
    12     Whereas <xref linkend="Introduction" /> gave you a quick
    13     introduction to VirtualBox and how to get your first virtual machine
    14     running, the following chapter describes in detail how to configure
    15     virtual machines.
     12    This chapter provides detailed steps for configuring an
     13    &product-name; virtual machine (VM). For an introduction to
     14    &product-name; and steps to get your first virtual machine running,
     15    see <xref linkend="Introduction" />.
    1616  </para>
    1717
    1818  <para>
    19     You have considerable latitude in deciding what virtual hardware
    20     will be provided to the guest. The virtual hardware can be used for
    21     communicating with the host system or with other guests. For
    22     instance, if you provide VirtualBox with the image of a CD-ROM in an
    23     ISO file, VirtualBox can present this image to a guest system as if
    24     it were a physical CD-ROM. Similarly, you can give a guest system
    25     access to the real network via its virtual network card, and, if you
    26     so choose, give the host system, other guests, or computers on the
    27     Internet access to the guest system.
     19    You have considerable latitude when deciding what virtual hardware
     20    to provide to the guest. Use virtual hardware to communicate with
     21    the host system or with other guests. For example, you can use
     22    virtual hardware in the following ways:
    2823  </para>
    2924
     25  <itemizedlist>
     26
     27    <listitem>
     28      <para>
     29        Have &product-name; present an ISO CD-ROM image to a guest
     30        system as if it were a physical CD-ROM.
     31      </para>
     32    </listitem>
     33
     34    <listitem>
     35      <para>
     36        Provide a guest system access to the physical network through
     37        its virtual network card.
     38      </para>
     39    </listitem>
     40
     41    <listitem>
     42      <para>
     43        Provide the host system, other guests, and computers on the
     44        Internet access to the guest system.
     45      </para>
     46    </listitem>
     47
     48  </itemizedlist>
     49
    3050  <sect1 id="guestossupport">
    3151
     
    3353
    3454    <para>
    35       Since VirtualBox is designed to provide a generic virtualization
    36       environment for x86 systems, it may run operating systems of any
    37       kind, even those not listed here. However, the focus is to
    38       optimize VirtualBox for the following guest systems:
     55      Because &product-name; is designed to provide a generic
     56      virtualization environment for x86 systems, it can run operating
     57      systems (OSes) of any kind. However, &product-name; focuses on the
     58      following guest systems:
    3959    </para>
    4060
     
    4666        </para>
    4767
    48         <para>
    49           All versions, editions and service packs are fully supported.
    50           However, there are some issues with older service packs. We
    51           recommend that you install service pack 6a. Guest Additions
    52           are available with a limited feature set.
    53         </para>
     68        <itemizedlist>
     69
     70          <listitem>
     71            <para>
     72              Fully supports all versions, editions, and service packs.
     73              Note that you might encounter issues with some older
     74              service packs, so install at least service pack 6a.
     75            </para>
     76          </listitem>
     77
     78          <listitem>
     79            <para>
     80              Guest Additions are available with a limited feature set.
     81            </para>
     82          </listitem>
     83
     84        </itemizedlist>
    5485      </listitem>
    5586
    5687      <listitem>
    5788        <para>
    58           <emphasis role="bold">Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003/Vista/Server
    59           2008/7/8/8.1/10 RTM 10240/Server 2012:</emphasis>
    60         </para>
    61 
    62         <para>
    63           All versions, editions and service packs are fully supported,
    64           including 64-bit versions, under the preconditions listed
    65           below. Guest Additions are available. Windows 8 and later
    66           requires hardware virtualization to be enabled.
    67         </para>
     89          <emphasis role="bold">Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server
     90          2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, Windows
     91          8, Windows 8.1, Windows 10 RTM 10240, Windows Server
     92          2012:</emphasis>
     93        </para>
     94
     95        <itemizedlist>
     96
     97          <listitem>
     98            <para>
     99              Fully supports all versions, editions, and service packs,
     100              including 64-bit versions under the preconditions for
     101              MS-DOS, Windows 3.x, Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows
     102              ME.
     103            </para>
     104          </listitem>
     105
     106          <listitem>
     107            <para>
     108              Note that you must enable hardware virtualization when
     109              running at least Windows 8.
     110            </para>
     111          </listitem>
     112
     113          <listitem>
     114            <para>
     115              Guest Additions are available.
     116            </para>
     117          </listitem>
     118
     119        </itemizedlist>
    68120      </listitem>
    69121
    70122      <listitem>
    71123        <para>
    72           <emphasis role="bold">DOS/Windows 3.x/95/98/ME:</emphasis>
    73         </para>
    74 
    75         <para>
    76           Limited testing has been performed. Use beyond legacy
    77           installation mechanisms is not recommended. Guest Additions
    78           are not available.
    79         </para>
     124          <emphasis role="bold">MS-DOS, Windows 3.x, Windows 95, Windows
     125          98, Windows ME:</emphasis>
     126        </para>
     127
     128        <itemizedlist>
     129
     130          <listitem>
     131            <para>
     132              Limited testing has been performed.
     133            </para>
     134          </listitem>
     135
     136          <listitem>
     137            <para>
     138              Use beyond legacy installation mechanisms is not
     139              recommended.
     140            </para>
     141          </listitem>
     142
     143          <listitem>
     144            <para>
     145              Guest Additions are not available.
     146            </para>
     147          </listitem>
     148
     149        </itemizedlist>
    80150      </listitem>
    81151
     
    95165        </para>
    96166
    97         <para>
    98           All versions and editions are fully supported, both 32-bit and
    99           64-bit. Guest Additions are available.
    100         </para>
    101 
    102         <para>
    103           We strongly recommend using a Linux kernel version of 2.6.13
    104           or later for best performance.
    105         </para>
     167        <itemizedlist>
     168
     169          <listitem>
     170            <para>
     171              Fully supports all versions and editions, both 32-bit and
     172              64-bit.
     173            </para>
     174          </listitem>
     175
     176          <listitem>
     177            <para>
     178              For best performance, use at least Linux kernel version
     179              2.6.13.
     180            </para>
     181          </listitem>
     182
     183          <listitem>
     184            <para>
     185              Guest Additions are available.
     186            </para>
     187          </listitem>
     188
     189        </itemizedlist>
    106190
    107191        <note>
     
    109193            Certain Linux kernel releases have bugs that prevent them
    110194            from executing in a virtual environment. See
    111             <xref
    112                 linkend="ts_linux-buggy" />.
     195            <xref linkend="ts_linux-buggy" />.
    113196          </para>
    114197        </note>
     
    120203        </para>
    121204
    122         <para>
    123           All versions and editions are fully supported, both 32-bit and
    124           64-bit. Guest Additions are available.
    125         </para>
     205        <itemizedlist>
     206
     207          <listitem>
     208            <para>
     209              Fully supports all versions and editions, both 32-bit and
     210              64-bit.
     211            </para>
     212          </listitem>
     213
     214          <listitem>
     215            <para>
     216              Guest Additions are available.
     217            </para>
     218          </listitem>
     219
     220        </itemizedlist>
    126221      </listitem>
    127222
    128223      <listitem>
    129224        <para>
    130           <emphasis role="bold"> Solaris 10u6 and higher, Solaris 11,
    131           including Solaris 11 Express:</emphasis>
    132         </para>
    133 
    134         <para>
    135           Fully supported. 64-bit, prior to Solaris 11 11/11, and also
    136           32 32-bit. Guest Additions are available.
    137         </para>
     225          <emphasis role="bold"> Oracle Solaris 10 and Oracle Solaris
     226          11:</emphasis>
     227        </para>
     228
     229        <itemizedlist>
     230
     231          <listitem>
     232            <para>
     233              Fully supports all versions starting with Oracle Solaris
     234              10 8/08 and Oracle Solaris 11.
     235            </para>
     236          </listitem>
     237
     238          <listitem>
     239            <para>
     240              Supports 64-bit prior to Oracle Solaris 11 11/11, and
     241              32-bit.
     242            </para>
     243          </listitem>
     244
     245          <listitem>
     246            <para>
     247              Guest Additions are available.
     248            </para>
     249          </listitem>
     250
     251        </itemizedlist>
    138252      </listitem>
    139253
     
    143257        </para>
    144258
    145         <para>
    146           Requires hardware virtualization to be enabled. Limited
    147           support. Guest Additions are not available yet.
    148         </para>
     259        <itemizedlist>
     260
     261          <listitem>
     262            <para>
     263              Limited support.
     264            </para>
     265          </listitem>
     266
     267          <listitem>
     268            <para>
     269              Note that you must enable hardware virtualization when
     270              running FreeBSD.
     271            </para>
     272          </listitem>
     273
     274          <listitem>
     275            <para>
     276              Guest Additions are not available.
     277            </para>
     278          </listitem>
     279
     280        </itemizedlist>
    149281      </listitem>
    150282
     
    154286        </para>
    155287
    156         <para>
    157           Requires hardware virtualization to be enabled. Versions 3.7
    158           and later are supported. Guest Additions are not available
    159           yet.
    160         </para>
     288        <itemizedlist>
     289
     290          <listitem>
     291            <para>
     292              Supports at least version 3.7.
     293            </para>
     294          </listitem>
     295
     296          <listitem>
     297            <para>
     298              Note that you must enable hardware virtualization when
     299              running OpenBSD.
     300            </para>
     301          </listitem>
     302
     303          <listitem>
     304            <para>
     305              Guest Additions are not available.
     306            </para>
     307          </listitem>
     308
     309        </itemizedlist>
    161310      </listitem>
    162311
     
    166315        </para>
    167316
    168         <para>
    169           Requires hardware virtualization to be enabled. We officially
    170           support MCP2 only. Other OS/2 versions may or may not work.
    171           Guest Additions are available with a limited feature set. See
    172           <xref linkend="KnownIssues" />.
    173         </para>
     317        <itemizedlist>
     318
     319          <listitem>
     320            <para>
     321              Only MCP2 is supported. Other OS/2 versions might not
     322              work.
     323            </para>
     324          </listitem>
     325
     326          <listitem>
     327            <para>
     328              Note that you must enable hardware virtualization when
     329              running OS/2 Warp 4.5.
     330            </para>
     331          </listitem>
     332
     333          <listitem>
     334            <para>
     335              Guest Additions are available with a limited feature set.
     336              See <xref linkend="KnownIssues" />.
     337            </para>
     338          </listitem>
     339
     340        </itemizedlist>
    174341      </listitem>
    175342
     
    179346        </para>
    180347
    181         <para>
    182           VirtualBox 3.2 added experimental support for Mac OS X guests,
    183           but this comes with restrictions. See
    184           <xref linkend="intro-macosxguests"/> and also
    185           <xref linkend="KnownIssues" />.
    186         </para>
     348        <itemizedlist>
     349
     350          <listitem>
     351            <para>
     352              &product-name; 3.2 added experimental support for Mac OS X
     353              guests, with restrictions. See
     354              <xref linkend="intro-macosxguests"/> and
     355              <xref linkend="KnownIssues" />.
     356            </para>
     357          </listitem>
     358
     359          <listitem>
     360            <para>
     361              Guest Additions are not available.
     362            </para>
     363          </listitem>
     364
     365        </itemizedlist>
    187366      </listitem>
    188367
     
    194373
    195374      <para>
    196         Starting with version 3.2, VirtualBox has experimental support
    197         for Mac OS X guests. This allows you to install and execute
    198         unmodified versions of Mac OS X on supported host hardware.
    199       </para>
    200 
    201       <para>
    202         Whereas competing solutions perform modifications to the Mac OS
    203         X install DVDs, such as a different boot loader and replaced
    204         files, VirtualBox is the first product to provide the modern PC
    205         architecture expected by OS X without requiring any "hacks".
    206       </para>
    207 
    208       <para>
    209         You should be aware of a number of important issues before
    210         attempting to install a Mac OS X guest:
     375        &product-name; enables you to install and execute unmodified
     376        versions of Mac OS X guests on supported host hardware. Note
     377        that this feature is experimental and thus unsupported.
     378      </para>
     379
     380      <para>
     381        &product-name; is the first product to provide the modern PC
     382        architecture expected by OS X without requiring any of the
     383        modifications used by competing virtualization solutions. For
     384        example, some competing solutions perform modifications to the
     385        Mac OS X install DVDs, such as a different boot loader and
     386        replaced files.
     387      </para>
     388
     389      <para>
     390        Be aware of the following important issues before you attempt to
     391        install a Mac OS X guest:
    211392      </para>
    212393
     
    218399            <emphasis role="bold">both license and technical
    219400            restrictions</emphasis> that limit its use to certain
    220             hardware and usage scenarios. It is important that you
    221             understand and obey these restrictions.
    222           </para>
    223 
    224           <para>
    225             In particular, for most versions of Mac OS X, Apple
    226             prohibits installing them on non-Apple hardware.
     401            hardware and usage scenarios. You must understand and comply
     402            with these restrictions.
     403          </para>
     404
     405          <para>
     406            In particular, Apple prohibits the installation of most
     407            versions of Mac OS X on non-Apple hardware.
    227408          </para>
    228409
    229410          <para>
    230411            These license restrictions are also enforced on a technical
    231             level. Mac OS X verifies whether it is running on Apple
    232             hardware, and most DVDs that come with Apple hardware even
    233             check for an exact model. These restrictions are
    234             <emphasis>not</emphasis> circumvented by VirtualBox and
     412            level. Mac OS X verifies that it is running on Apple
     413            hardware. Most DVDs that accompany Apple hardware check for
     414            the exact model. These restrictions are
     415            <emphasis>not</emphasis> circumvented by &product-name; and
    235416            continue to apply.
    236417          </para>
     
    239420        <listitem>
    240421          <para>
    241             Only <emphasis role="bold">CPUs</emphasis> known and tested
    242             by Apple are supported. As a result, if your Intel CPU is
    243             newer than the build of Mac OS X, or if you have a non-Intel
    244             CPU, it will most likely panic during bootup with an
    245             "Unsupported CPU" exception. It is generally best to use the
    246             Mac OS X DVD that came with your Apple hardware.
    247           </para>
    248         </listitem>
    249 
    250         <listitem>
    251           <para>
    252             The Mac OS X installer expects the harddisk to be
    253             <emphasis role="bold">partitioned</emphasis> so when it does
    254             not offer a selection, you have to start the Disk Utility
    255             from the Tools menu and partition the hard disk. Then close
    256             the Disk Utility and proceed with the installation.
    257           </para>
    258         </listitem>
    259 
    260         <listitem>
    261           <para>
    262             In addition, as Mac OS X support in VirtualBox is currently
    263             still experimental, see also <xref linkend="KnownIssues" />.
     422            Only <emphasis role="bold">CPUs</emphasis> that are known
     423            and tested by Apple are supported. As a result, if your
     424            Intel CPU is newer than the Mac OS X build, or if you have a
     425            non-Intel CPU, you will likely encounter a panic during
     426            bootup with an "Unsupported CPU" exception.
     427          </para>
     428
     429          <para>
     430            Ensure that you use the Mac OS X DVD that comes with your
     431            Apple hardware.
     432          </para>
     433        </listitem>
     434
     435        <listitem>
     436          <para>
     437            The Mac OS X installer expects the hard disk to be
     438            <emphasis>partitioned</emphasis>. So, the installer will not
     439            offer a partition selection to you. Before you can install
     440            the software successfully, start the Disk Utility from the
     441            Tools menu and partition the hard disk. Close the Disk
     442            Utility and proceed with the installation.
     443          </para>
     444        </listitem>
     445
     446        <listitem>
     447          <para>
     448            In addition, Mac OS X support in &product-name; is an
     449            experimental feature. See <xref linkend="KnownIssues" />.
    264450          </para>
    265451        </listitem>
     
    274460
    275461      <para>
    276         VirtualBox supports 64-bit guest operating systems, even on
    277         32-bit host operating systems,
    278 
    279         <footnote>
    280 
    281           <para>
    282             64-bit guest support was added with VirtualBox 2.0; support
    283             for 64-bit guests on 32-bit hosts was added with VirtualBox
    284             2.1.
    285           </para>
    286 
    287         </footnote>
    288 
    289         provided that the following conditions are met:
     462        &product-name; enables you to run 64-bit guest OSes even on a
     463        32-bit host OS. To run a 64-bit guest OS on a 32-bit host
     464        system, ensure that you meet the following conditions:
    290465      </para>
    291466
     
    294469        <listitem>
    295470          <para>
    296             You need a 64-bit processor with hardware virtualization
     471            You need a 64-bit processor that has hardware virtualization
    297472            support. See <xref linkend="hwvirt" />.
    298473          </para>
     
    302477          <para>
    303478            You must enable hardware virtualization for the particular
    304             VM for which you want 64-bit support. Software
    305             virtualization is not supported for 64-bit VMs.
    306           </para>
    307         </listitem>
    308 
    309         <listitem>
    310           <para>
    311             If you want to use 64-bit guest support on a 32-bit host
    312             operating system, you must also select a 64-bit operating
    313             system for the particular VM. Since supporting 64 bits on
    314             32-bit hosts incurs additional overhead, VirtualBox only
    315             enables this support upon explicit request.
    316           </para>
    317 
    318           <para>
    319             On 64-bit hosts, which typically come with hardware
    320             virtualization support, 64-bit guest operating systems are
    321             always supported regardless of settings. So you can simply
    322             install a 64-bit operating system in the guest.
     479            VM that requires 64-bit support. Software virtualization is
     480            not supported for 64-bit VMs.
     481          </para>
     482        </listitem>
     483
     484        <listitem>
     485          <para>
     486            To use 64-bit guest support on a 32-bit host OS, you must
     487            select a 64-bit OS for the particular VM. Since supporting
     488            64 bits on 32-bit hosts incurs additional overhead,
     489            &product-name; only enables this support only upon explicit
     490            request.
     491          </para>
     492
     493          <para>
     494            64-bit hosts typically come with hardware virtualization
     495            support. So, you can install a 64-bit guest OS in the guest
     496            regardless of the settings.
    323497          </para>
    324498        </listitem>
     
    326500      </itemizedlist>
    327501
    328       <para>
    329         <warning>
    330           <para>
    331             On any host, you should enable <emphasis role="bold">I/O
    332             APIC</emphasis> for virtual machines that you intend to use
    333             in 64-bit mode. This is especially true for 64-bit Windows
    334             VMs. See <xref linkend="settings-general-advanced" />. In
    335             addition, for 64-bit Windows guests, you should make sure
    336             that the VM uses the <emphasis role="bold">Intel networking
    337             device</emphasis>, since there is no 64-bit driver support
    338             for the AMD PCNet card. See
    339             <xref
    340           linkend="nichardware" />.
    341           </para>
    342         </warning>
    343       </para>
    344 
    345       <para>
    346         If you use the <emphasis role="bold">Create VM </emphasis>
    347         wizard of the VirtualBox graphical user interface, see
    348         <xref linkend="gui-createvm" />, VirtualBox will automatically
    349         use the correct settings for each selected 64-bit operating
    350         system type.
     502      <warning>
     503        <para>
     504          Be sure to enable <emphasis role="bold">I/O APIC</emphasis>
     505          for virtual machines that you intend to use in 64-bit mode.
     506          This is especially true for 64-bit Windows VMs. See
     507          <xref linkend="settings-general-advanced" />. For 64-bit
     508          Windows guests, ensure that the VM uses the
     509          <emphasis role="bold">Intel networking device</emphasis>
     510          because there is no 64-bit driver support for the AMD PCNet
     511          card. See <xref linkend="nichardware" />.
     512        </para>
     513      </warning>
     514
     515      <para>
     516        If you use the <emphasis role="bold">Create VM</emphasis> wizard
     517        of the &product-name; graphical user interface (GUI),
     518        &product-name; automatically uses the correct settings for each
     519        selected 64-bit OS type. See <xref linkend="gui-createvm" />.
    351520      </para>
    352521
     
    360529
    361530    <para>
    362       VirtualBox is able to automatically install a guest by providing
    363       the installation medium as well as a few parameters like the name
    364       of the default user.
    365     </para>
    366 
    367     <para>
    368       To perform an unattended guest installation, a VM has to be
    369       prepared. A VM can be created using the GUI as described in
    370       <xref
    371     linkend="gui-createvm" /> or by using VBoxManage as
    372       described in <xref linkend="vboxmanage-createvm" />. In general
    373       it's sufficient to chose the type of the guest operating system
    374       and to use the proposed defaults for that operating system. See
    375       the following sections on how to change the VM settings for
    376       certain needs.
    377     </para>
    378 
    379     <para>
    380       After the VM was created, the VM has to be prepared for unattended
    381       guest execution use VBoxManage, see
    382       <xref
    383     linkend="vboxmanage-unattended" />. During this step
    384       VirtualBox scans the installation medium and changes certain
    385       parameters for a seamless installation as a guest running on
    386       VirtualBox.
    387     </para>
    388 
    389     <para>
    390       Once the preparation phase was successfully finished, the VM can
    391       be started either from the GUI or from VBoxManage, see
    392       <xref
    393     linkend="vboxmanage-startvm" />. The VM will now perform
    394       the automatic installation. Please note that the boot order was
    395       changed during the preparation phase by giving the virtual hard
    396       disk the highest priority. As the disk is normally empty before an
    397       automatic installation is started, the VM will boot from the
    398       virtual DVD drive as next available boot medium and the
    399       installation will start. If, for some reason, the virtual hard
    400       disk contains a bootable operating system then the installation
    401       will not start unless the boot order was manually changed by
    402       pressing F12 during the BIOS splash screen.
    403     </para>
     531      &product-name; is able to install a guest operating system
     532      automatically. You only need to provide the installation medium
     533      and a few other parameters, such as the name of the default user.
     534    </para>
     535
     536    <para>
     537      Performing an unattended guest installation involves the following
     538      steps:
     539    </para>
     540
     541    <itemizedlist>
     542
     543      <listitem>
     544        <para>
     545          <emphasis role="bold">Create a new VM.</emphasis> You can use
     546          either of the following to do this:
     547        </para>
     548
     549        <itemizedlist>
     550
     551          <listitem>
     552            <para>
     553              The VirtualBox Manager, see
     554              <xref linkend="gui-createvm" />.
     555            </para>
     556          </listitem>
     557
     558          <listitem>
     559            <para>
     560              The <command>VBoxManage</command> command, see
     561              <xref linkend="vboxmanage-createvm" />.
     562            </para>
     563          </listitem>
     564
     565        </itemizedlist>
     566
     567        <para>
     568          For the new VM, you can usually just choose the type of the
     569          guest operating system and accept the default settings for
     570          that operating system. The following sections in this chapter
     571          describe how to change the settings for a VM.
     572        </para>
     573      </listitem>
     574
     575      <listitem>
     576        <para>
     577          <emphasis role="bold">Prepare the VM for unattended guest
     578          installation.</emphasis> Use the <command>VBoxManage
     579          unattended</command> command, see
     580          <xref linkend="vboxmanage-unattended" />.
     581        </para>
     582
     583        <para>
     584          During this step, &product-name; scans the installation medium
     585          and changes certain parameters to ensure a seamless
     586          installation as a guest running on &product-name;.
     587        </para>
     588      </listitem>
     589
     590      <listitem>
     591        <para>
     592          <emphasis role="bold">Start the VM.</emphasis> You can use the
     593          VirtualBox Manager or the <command>VBoxManage
     594          startvm</command> command.
     595        </para>
     596
     597        <para>
     598          When you start the VM, the unattended installation is
     599          performed automatically.
     600        </para>
     601
     602        <para>
     603          Note that the boot order is changed during the preparation
     604          step, giving the virtual hard disk the highest priority. As
     605          this disk is normally empty before an automatic installation
     606          is started, the VM will instead boot from the virtual DVD
     607          drive as next available boot medium and the installation will
     608          start. If the virtual hard disk contains a bootable operating
     609          system, then the installation will not start. The boot order
     610          must be manually changed, by pressing F12 during the BIOS
     611          splash screen.
     612        </para>
     613      </listitem>
     614
     615    </itemizedlist>
     616
     617    <para>
     618      <xref linkend="unattended-guest-install-example"/> describes how
     619      to perform an unattended guest installation for an Oracle Linux
     620      guest.
     621    </para>
     622
     623    <sect2 id="unattended-guest-install-example">
     624
     625      <title>An Example of Unattended Guest Installation</title>
     626
     627      <para>
     628        The following example shows how to perform an unattended guest
     629        installation for an Oracle Linux virtual machine. The example
     630        uses various <command>VBoxManage</command> commands to prepare
     631        the guest VM. The <command>VBoxManage unattended
     632        install</command> command is then used to install and configure
     633        the guest operating system.
     634      </para>
     635
     636      <orderedlist>
     637
     638        <listitem>
     639          <para>
     640            Create the virtual machine.
     641          </para>
     642
     643<screen># VM="ol7-autoinstall"
     644# VBoxManage list ostypes
     645# VBoxManage createvm --name $VM --ostype "Oracle_64" --register</screen>
     646
     647          <para>
     648            Note the following:
     649          </para>
     650
     651          <itemizedlist>
     652
     653            <listitem>
     654              <para>
     655                The variable $VM represents the name of the VM.
     656              </para>
     657            </listitem>
     658
     659            <listitem>
     660              <para>
     661                The <command>VBoxManage list ostypes</command> command
     662                lists the guest operating systems supported by
     663                &product-name;, including the name used for each
     664                operating system in the <command>VBoxManage</command>
     665                commands.
     666              </para>
     667            </listitem>
     668
     669            <listitem>
     670              <para>
     671                A 64-bit Oracle Linux 7 VM is created and registered
     672                with &product-name;.
     673              </para>
     674            </listitem>
     675
     676            <listitem>
     677              <para>
     678                The VM has a unique UUID.
     679              </para>
     680            </listitem>
     681
     682            <listitem>
     683              <para>
     684                An XML settings file is generated.
     685              </para>
     686            </listitem>
     687
     688          </itemizedlist>
     689        </listitem>
     690
     691        <listitem>
     692          <para>
     693            Create a virtual hard disk and storage devices for the VM.
     694          </para>
     695
     696<screen># VBoxManage createhd --filename /VirtualBox/$VM/$VM.vdi --size 32768
     697# VBoxManage storagectl $VM --name "SATA Controller" --add sata --controller IntelAHCI
     698# VBoxManage storageattach $VM --storagectl "SATA Controller" --port 0 --device 0 \
     699--type hdd --medium /VirtualBox/$VM/$VM.vdi
     700# VBoxManage storagectl $VM --name "IDE Controller" --add ide
     701# VBoxManage storageattach $VM --storagectl "IDE Controller" --port 0 --device 0 \
     702--type dvddrive --medium /u01/Software/OL/OracleLinux-R7-U6-Server-x86_64-dvd.iso</screen>
     703
     704          <para>
     705            Note the following:
     706          </para>
     707
     708          <itemizedlist>
     709
     710            <listitem>
     711              <para>
     712                A 32768 MB virtual hard disk is created.
     713              </para>
     714            </listitem>
     715
     716            <listitem>
     717              <para>
     718                A SATA storage controller is created and the virtual
     719                hard disk is attached.
     720              </para>
     721            </listitem>
     722
     723            <listitem>
     724              <para>
     725                An IDE storage controller for a virtual DVD drive is
     726                created and an Oracle Linux installation ISO is
     727                attached.
     728              </para>
     729            </listitem>
     730
     731          </itemizedlist>
     732        </listitem>
     733
     734        <listitem>
     735          <para>
     736            (Optional) Configure some settings for the VM.
     737          </para>
     738
     739<screen># VBoxManage modifyvm $VM --ioapic on
     740# VBoxManage modifyvm $VM --boot1 dvd --boot2 disk --boot3 none --boot4 none
     741# VBoxManage modifyvm $VM --memory 8192 --vram 128</screen>
     742
     743          <para>
     744            Note the following:
     745          </para>
     746
     747          <itemizedlist>
     748
     749            <listitem>
     750              <para>
     751                I/O APIC is enabled for the motherboard of the VM.
     752              </para>
     753            </listitem>
     754
     755            <listitem>
     756              <para>
     757                The boot order for the VM is configured.
     758              </para>
     759            </listitem>
     760
     761            <listitem>
     762              <para>
     763                8192 MB of RAM and 128 MB of video RAM are allocated to
     764                the VM.
     765              </para>
     766            </listitem>
     767
     768          </itemizedlist>
     769        </listitem>
     770
     771        <listitem>
     772          <para>
     773            Perform an unattended install of the operating system.
     774          </para>
     775
     776<screen># VBoxManage unattended install $VM \
     777--iso=/u01/Software/OL/OracleLinux-R7-U6-Server-x86_64-dvd.iso \
     778--user=<replaceable>login</replaceable> --full-user-name=<replaceable>name</replaceable> --password <replaceable>password</replaceable> \
     779--install-additions --time-zone=CET</screen>
     780
     781          <para>
     782            Note the following:
     783          </para>
     784
     785          <itemizedlist>
     786
     787            <listitem>
     788              <para>
     789                An Oracle Linux ISO is specified as the installation
     790                ISO.
     791              </para>
     792            </listitem>
     793
     794            <listitem>
     795              <para>
     796                Specify a login name, full name, and login password for
     797                a default user on the guest operating system.
     798              </para>
     799
     800              <para>
     801                The specified password is also used for the root user
     802                account on the guest.
     803              </para>
     804            </listitem>
     805
     806            <listitem>
     807              <para>
     808                The Guest Additions are installed on the VM.
     809              </para>
     810            </listitem>
     811
     812            <listitem>
     813              <para>
     814                The time zone for the guest operating system is set to
     815                Central European Time (CET).
     816              </para>
     817            </listitem>
     818
     819          </itemizedlist>
     820        </listitem>
     821
     822        <listitem>
     823          <para>
     824            Start the virtual machine.
     825          </para>
     826
     827          <para>
     828            This step completes the unattended install process.
     829          </para>
     830
     831<screen># VBoxManage startvm $VM --type headless</screen>
     832
     833          <para>
     834            The VM is started in headless mode. The VirtualBox Manager
     835            window is not displayed.
     836          </para>
     837        </listitem>
     838
     839        <listitem>
     840          <para>
     841            (Optional) Update the guest operating system to use the
     842            latest Oracle Linux packages.
     843          </para>
     844
     845          <para>
     846            On the guest VM, run the following command:
     847          </para>
     848
     849<screen># yum update</screen>
     850        </listitem>
     851
     852      </orderedlist>
     853
     854    </sect2>
    404855
    405856  </sect1>
     
    410861
    411862    <para>
    412       VirtualBox virtualizes nearly all hardware of the host. Depending
    413       on a VM's configuration, the guest will see the following virtual
    414       hardware:
     863      &product-name; virtualizes nearly all hardware of the host.
     864      Depending on a VM's configuration, the guest will see the
     865      following virtual hardware:
    415866    </para>
    416867
     
    420871        <para>
    421872          <emphasis role="bold">Input devices.</emphasis> By default,
    422           VirtualBox emulates a standard PS/2 keyboard and mouse. These
    423           devices are supported by almost all past and present operating
    424           systems.
    425         </para>
    426 
    427         <para>
    428           In addition, VirtualBox can provide virtual USB input devices
    429           to avoid having to capture mouse and keyboard, as described in
    430           <xref
     873          &product-name; emulates a standard PS/2 keyboard and mouse.
     874          These devices are supported by almost all past and present
     875          operating systems.
     876        </para>
     877
     878        <para>
     879          In addition, &product-name; can provide virtual USB input
     880          devices to avoid having to capture mouse and keyboard, as
     881          described in <xref
    431882          linkend="keyb_mouse_normal" />.
    432883        </para>
     
    435886      <listitem>
    436887        <para>
    437           <emphasis role="bold">Graphics.</emphasis> The VirtualBox
    438           graphics device (sometimes referred to as VGA device) is,
    439           unlike nearly all other emulated devices, not based on any
    440           physical counterpart. It is a simple, synthetic device which
     888          <emphasis role="bold">Graphics.</emphasis> The &product-name;
     889          graphics device, sometimes referred to as a VGA device, is not
     890          based on any physical counterpart. This is unlike nearly all
     891          other emulated devices. It is a simple, synthetic device which
    441892          provides compatibility with standard VGA and several extended
    442893          registers used by the VESA BIOS Extensions (VBE).
     
    446897      <listitem>
    447898        <para>
    448           <emphasis role="bold">Storage.</emphasis> VirtualBox currently
    449           emulates the standard ATA interface found on Intel PIIX3/PIIX4
    450           chips, the SATA (AHCI) interface, and two SCSI adapters (LSI
    451           Logic and BusLogic). See
     899          <emphasis role="bold">Storage.</emphasis> &product-name;
     900          currently emulates the standard ATA interface found on Intel
     901          PIIX3/PIIX4 chips, the SATA (AHCI) interface, and two SCSI
     902          adapters (LSI Logic and BusLogic). See
    452903          <xref linkend="harddiskcontrollers" /> for details. Whereas
    453           providing one of these would be enough for VirtualBox by
     904          providing one of these would be enough for &product-name; by
    454905          itself, this multitude of storage adapters is required for
    455906          compatibility with other hypervisors. Windows is particularly
     
    470921      <listitem>
    471922        <para>
    472           <emphasis role="bold">USB.</emphasis> VirtualBox emulates
     923          <emphasis role="bold">USB.</emphasis> &product-name; emulates
    473924          three USB host controllers: xHCI, EHCI, and OHCI. While xHCI
    474925          handles all USB transfer speeds, only guest operating systems
     
    480931        <para>
    481932          Older operating systems typically support OHCI and EHCI. The
    482           two controllers are needed because OHCI only handles USB low-
    483           and full-speed devices (both USB 1.x and 2.0), while EHCI only
    484           handles high-speed devices (USB 2.0 only).
     933          two controllers are needed because OHCI only handles USB
     934          low-speed and full-speed devices (both USB 1.x and 2.0), while
     935          EHCI only handles high-speed devices (USB 2.0 only).
    485936        </para>
    486937
     
    488939          The emulated USB controllers do not communicate directly with
    489940          devices on the host but rather with a virtual USB layer which
    490           abstracts the USB protocol and allows the use of remote USB
     941          abstracts the USB protocol and enables the use of remote USB
    491942          devices.
    492943        </para>
     
    496947        <para>
    497948          <emphasis role="bold">Audio.</emphasis> See
    498           <xref
    499           linkend="settings-audio" />.
     949          <xref linkend="settings-audio" />.
    500950        </para>
    501951      </listitem>
     
    510960
    511961    <para>
    512       In the Settings window, under
     962      In the <emphasis role="bold">Settings</emphasis> window, under
    513963      <emphasis role="bold">General</emphasis>, you can configure the
    514964      most fundamental aspects of the virtual machine such as memory and
    515       essential hardware. There are three tabs: Basic, Advanced and
    516       Description.
     965      essential hardware. The following tabs are available.
    517966    </para>
    518967
     
    522971
    523972      <para>
    524         In the Basic tab of the General settings category, you can find
    525         these settings:
     973        In the <emphasis role="bold">Basic</emphasis> tab of the
     974        <emphasis role="bold">General</emphasis> settings category, you
     975        can find these settings:
    526976      </para>
    527977
     
    532982            <emphasis role="bold">Name:</emphasis> The name under which
    533983            the VM is shown in the list of VMs in the main window. Under
    534             this name, VirtualBox also saves the VM's configuration
    535             files. By changing the name, VirtualBox renames these files
    536             as well. As a result, you can only use characters which are
    537             allowed in your host operating system's file names.
    538           </para>
    539 
    540           <para>
    541             Note that internally, VirtualBox uses unique identifiers
     984            this name, &product-name; also saves the VM's configuration
     985            files. By changing the name, &product-name; renames these
     986            files as well. As a result, you can only use characters
     987            which are allowed in your host operating system's file
     988            names.
     989          </para>
     990
     991          <para>
     992            Note that internally, &product-name; uses unique identifiers
    542993            (UUIDs) to identify virtual machines. You can display these
    543             with <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput>.
    544           </para>
    545         </listitem>
    546 
    547         <listitem>
    548           <para>
    549             <emphasis role="bold">Operating system/version:</emphasis>
    550             The type of the guest operating system that is, or will be,
    551             installed in the VM. This is the same setting that was
    552             specified in the "New Virtual Machine" wizard. See
    553             <xref
    554             linkend="gui-createvm" />.
     994            with <command>VBoxManage</command>.
     995          </para>
     996        </listitem>
     997
     998        <listitem>
     999          <para>
     1000            <emphasis role="bold">Type:</emphasis> The type of the guest
     1001            operating system for the VM. This is the same setting that
     1002            is specified in the <emphasis role="bold">New Virtual
     1003            Machine</emphasis> wizard. See
     1004            <xref linkend="gui-createvm" />.
    5551005          </para>
    5561006
     
    5631013        </listitem>
    5641014
     1015        <listitem>
     1016          <para>
     1017            <emphasis role="bold">Version:</emphasis> The version of the
     1018            guest operating system for the VM. This is the same setting
     1019            that is specified in the <emphasis role="bold">New Virtual
     1020            Machine</emphasis> wizard. See
     1021            <xref linkend="gui-createvm" />.
     1022          </para>
     1023        </listitem>
     1024
    5651025      </itemizedlist>
    5661026
     
    5721032
    5731033      <para>
    574         The following settings are available in the Advanced tab:
     1034        The following settings are available in the
     1035        <emphasis role="bold">Advanced</emphasis> tab:
    5751036      </para>
    5761037
     
    5801041          <para>
    5811042            <emphasis role="bold">Snapshot Folder:</emphasis> By
    582             default, VirtualBox saves snapshot data together with your
    583             other VirtualBox configuration data. See
    584             <xref
    585               linkend="vboxconfigdata" />. With this
    586             setting, you can specify any other folder for each VM.
     1043            default, &product-name; saves snapshot data together with
     1044            your other &product-name; configuration data. See
     1045            <xref linkend="vboxconfigdata" />. With this setting, you
     1046            can specify any other folder for each VM.
    5871047          </para>
    5881048        </listitem>
     
    5941054            system should be shared with that of your host. If you
    5951055            select <emphasis role="bold">Bidirectional</emphasis>, then
    596             VirtualBox will always make sure that both clipboards
     1056            &product-name; will always make sure that both clipboards
    5971057            contain the same data. If you select
    5981058            <emphasis role="bold">Host to Guest</emphasis> or
    5991059            <emphasis role="bold">Guest to Host</emphasis>, then
    600             VirtualBox will only ever copy clipboard data in one
     1060            &product-name; will only ever copy clipboard data in one
    6011061            direction.
    6021062          </para>
    6031063
    6041064          <para>
    605             Clipboard sharing requires that the VirtualBox Guest
     1065            Clipboard sharing requires that the &product-name; Guest
    6061066            Additions be installed. In such a case, this setting has no
    6071067            effect. See <xref linkend="guestadditions" />.
     
    6091069
    6101070          <para>
    611             The shared clipboard is disabled by default. See
    612             <xref linkend="security_clipboard"/> for an explanation.
    613             This setting can be changed at any time using the "Shared
    614             Clipboard" menu item in the "Devices" menu of the virtual
    615             machine.
     1071            For security reasons, the shared clipboard is disabled by
     1072            default. This setting can be changed at any time using the
     1073            <emphasis role="bold">Shared Clipboard</emphasis> menu item
     1074            in the <emphasis role="bold">Devices</emphasis> menu of the
     1075            virtual machine.
    6161076          </para>
    6171077        </listitem>
     
    6351095              Drag and drop is disabled by default. This setting can be
    6361096              changed at any time using the <emphasis role="bold">Drag
    637               and Drop</emphasis> menu item in the Devices menu of the
     1097              and Drop</emphasis> menu item in the
     1098              <emphasis role="bold">Devices</emphasis> menu of the
    6381099              virtual machine.
    6391100            </para>
     
    6421103          <para>
    6431104            See <xref linkend="guestadd-dnd"/>.
    644 
    645             <footnote>
    646 
    647               <para>
    648                 Experimental support for drag and drop was added with
    649                 VirtualBox 4.2.
    650               </para>
    651 
    652             </footnote>
    6531105          </para>
    6541106        </listitem>
     
    6631115
    6641116      <para>
    665         Here you can enter any description for your virtual machine, if
    666         you want. This has no effect on the functionality of the
    667         machine, but you may find this space useful to note down things
    668         like the configuration of a virtual machine and the software
    669         that has been installed into it.
    670       </para>
    671 
    672       <para>
    673         To insert a line break into the description text field, press
    674         <emphasis>Shift+Enter</emphasis>.
     1117        On the <emphasis role="bold">Description</emphasis> tab you can
     1118        enter a description for your virtual machine. This has no effect
     1119        on the functionality of the machine, but you may find this space
     1120        useful to note down things such as the configuration of a
     1121        virtual machine and the software that has been installed into
     1122        it.
     1123      </para>
     1124
     1125      <para>
     1126        To insert a line break into the
     1127        <emphasis role="bold">Description</emphasis> text field, press
     1128        Shift+Enter.
    6751129      </para>
    6761130
    6771131    </sect2>
    6781132
     1133    <sect2 id="settings-disk-encryption">
     1134
     1135      <title>Disk Encryption Tab</title>
     1136
     1137      <para>
     1138        The <emphasis role="bold">Disk Encryption</emphasis> tab enables
     1139        you to encrypt disks that are attached to the virtual machine.
     1140      </para>
     1141
     1142      <para>
     1143        To enable disk encryption, select the
     1144        <emphasis role="bold">Enable Disk Encryption</emphasis> check
     1145        box.
     1146      </para>
     1147
     1148      <para>
     1149        Settings are available to configure the cipher used for
     1150        encryption and the encryption password.
     1151      </para>
     1152
     1153    </sect2>
     1154
    6791155  </sect1>
    6801156
     
    6841160
    6851161    <para>
    686       The System category groups various settings that are related to
    687       the basic hardware that is presented to the virtual machine.
     1162      The <emphasis role="bold">System</emphasis> category groups
     1163      various settings that are related to the basic hardware that is
     1164      presented to the virtual machine.
    6881165    </para>
    6891166
     
    6971174    </note>
    6981175
     1176    <para>
     1177      The following tabs are available.
     1178    </para>
     1179
    6991180    <sect2 id="settings-motherboard">
    7001181
     
    7021183
    7031184      <para>
    704         On the Motherboard tab, you can influence virtual hardware that
    705         would normally be on the motherboard of a real computer.
     1185        On the <emphasis role="bold">Motherboard</emphasis> tab, you can
     1186        configure virtual hardware that would normally be on the
     1187        motherboard of a real computer.
    7061188      </para>
    7071189
     
    7101192        <listitem>
    7111193          <para>
    712             <emphasis role="bold">Base memory:</emphasis> Sets the
     1194            <emphasis role="bold">Base Memory:</emphasis> Sets the
    7131195            amount of RAM that is allocated and given to the VM when it
    7141196            is running. The specified amount of memory will be requested
     
    7171199            start the VM and will not be available to the host while the
    7181200            VM is running. This is the same setting that was specified
    719             in the "New Virtual Machine" wizard, as described in
    720             <xref linkend="gui-createvm" />.
     1201            in the <emphasis role="bold">New Virtual Machine</emphasis>
     1202            wizard, as described in <xref linkend="gui-createvm" />.
    7211203          </para>
    7221204
     
    7311213        <listitem>
    7321214          <para>
    733             <emphasis role="bold">Boot order:</emphasis> Determines the
     1215            <emphasis role="bold">Boot Order:</emphasis> Determines the
    7341216            order in which the guest operating system will attempt to
    7351217            boot from the various virtual boot devices. Analogous to a
    736             real PC's BIOS setting, VirtualBox can tell a guest OS to
    737             start from the virtual floppy, the virtual CD/DVD drive, the
    738             virtual hard drive (each of these as defined by the other VM
    739             settings), the network, or none of these.
     1218            real PC's BIOS setting, &product-name; can tell a guest OS
     1219            to start from the virtual floppy, the virtual CD/DVD drive,
     1220            the virtual hard drive (each of these as defined by the
     1221            other VM settings), the network, or none of these.
    7401222          </para>
    7411223
    7421224          <para>
    7431225            If you select <emphasis role="bold">Network</emphasis>, the
    744             VM will attempt to boot from a network via the PXE
     1226            VM will attempt to boot from a network using the PXE
    7451227            mechanism. This needs to be configured in detail on the
    746             command line. See
    747             <xref
    748               linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" />.
     1228            command line. See <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" />.
    7491229          </para>
    7501230        </listitem>
     
    7531233          <para>
    7541234            <emphasis role="bold">Chipset:</emphasis> You can select
    755             which chipset will be presented to the virtual machine.
    756             Before VirtualBox 4.0, PIIX3 was the only available option
    757             here. For modern guest operating systems such as Mac OS X,
    758             that old chipset is no longer well supported. As a result,
    759             VirtualBox 4.0 introduced an emulation of the more modern
    760             ICH9 chipset, which supports PCI express, three PCI buses,
    761             PCI-to-PCI bridges and Message Signaled Interrupts (MSI).
    762             This allows modern operating systems to address more PCI
    763             devices and no longer requires IRQ sharing. Using the ICH9
    764             chipset it is also possible to configure up to 36 network
    765             cards, up to 8 network adapters with PIIX3. Note that the
    766             ICH9 support is experimental and not recommended for guest
    767             operating systems which do not require it.
     1235            which chipset will be presented to the virtual machine. In
     1236            legacy versions of &product-name;, PIIX3 was the only
     1237            available option. For modern guest operating systems such as
     1238            Mac OS X, that old chipset is no longer well supported. As a
     1239            result, &product-name; supports an emulation of the more
     1240            modern ICH9 chipset, which supports PCI express, three PCI
     1241            buses, PCI-to-PCI bridges and Message Signaled Interrupts
     1242            (MSI). This enables modern operating systems to address more
     1243            PCI devices and no longer requires IRQ sharing. Using the
     1244            ICH9 chipset it is also possible to configure up to 36
     1245            network cards, up to 8 network adapters with PIIX3. Note
     1246            that the ICH9 support is experimental and not recommended
     1247            for guest operating systems which do not require it.
    7681248          </para>
    7691249        </listitem>
     
    7741254            default virtual pointing devices for older guests is the
    7751255            traditional PS/2 mouse. If set to <emphasis>USB
    776             tablet</emphasis>, VirtualBox reports to the virtual machine
    777             that a USB tablet device is present and communicates mouse
    778             events to the virtual machine through this device. The third
    779             setting is a <emphasis>USB Multi-Touch Tablet</emphasis>
    780             which is suited for recent Windows guests.
     1256            tablet</emphasis>, &product-name; reports to the virtual
     1257            machine that a USB tablet device is present and communicates
     1258            mouse events to the virtual machine through this device. The
     1259            third setting is a <emphasis>USB Multi-Touch
     1260            Tablet</emphasis> which is suited for recent Windows guests.
    7811261          </para>
    7821262
     
    7841264            Using the virtual USB tablet has the advantage that
    7851265            movements are reported in absolute coordinates, instead of
    786             as relative position changes. This allows VirtualBox to
     1266            as relative position changes. This enables &product-name; to
    7871267            translate mouse events over the VM window into tablet events
    7881268            without having to "capture" the mouse in the guest as
    789             described in
    790             <xref
    791               linkend="keyb_mouse_normal" />. This
     1269            described in <xref linkend="keyb_mouse_normal" />. This
    7921270            makes using the VM less tedious even if Guest Additions are
    7931271            not installed.
    794 
    795             <footnote>
    796 
    797               <para>
    798                 The virtual USB tablet was added with VirtualBox 3.2.
    799                 Depending on the guest operating system selected, this
    800                 is now enabled by default for new virtual machines.
    801               </para>
    802 
    803             </footnote>
    8041272          </para>
    8051273        </listitem>
     
    8361304            <para>
    8371305              All Windows operating systems starting with Windows 2000
    838               install different kernels depending on whether an I/O APIC
    839               is available. As with ACPI, the I/O APIC therefore
     1306              install different kernels, depending on whether an I/O
     1307              APIC is available. As with ACPI, the I/O APIC therefore
    8401308              <emphasis>must not be turned off after
    8411309              installation</emphasis> of a Windows guest OS. Turning it
     
    8561324        <listitem>
    8571325          <para>
    858             <emphasis role="bold">Hardware clock in UTC time:</emphasis>
    859             If checked, VirtualBox will report the system time in UTC
    860             format to the guest instead of local (host) time. This
    861             affects how the virtual real-time clock (RTC) operates and
    862             may be useful for Unix-like guest operating systems, which
    863             typically expect the hardware clock to be set to UTC.
     1326            <emphasis role="bold">Hardware Clock in UTC Time:</emphasis>
     1327            If selected, &product-name; will report the system time in
     1328            UTC format to the guest instead of the local (host) time.
     1329            This affects how the virtual real-time clock (RTC) operates
     1330            and may be useful for UNIX-like guest operating systems,
     1331            which typically expect the hardware clock to be set to UTC.
    8641332          </para>
    8651333        </listitem>
     
    8701338        In addition, you can turn off the <emphasis role="bold">Advanced
    8711339        Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI)</emphasis> which
    872         VirtualBox presents to the guest operating system by default.
     1340        &product-name; presents to the guest operating system by
     1341        default.
     1342      </para>
     1343
     1344      <para>
    8731345        ACPI is the current industry standard to allow operating systems
    8741346        to recognize hardware, configure motherboards and other devices
    8751347        and manage power. As all modern PCs contain this feature and
    8761348        Windows and Linux have been supporting it for years, it is also
    877         enabled by default in VirtualBox. It can only be turned off on
    878         the command line. See
    879         <xref
    880       linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" />.
     1349        enabled by default in &product-name;. ACPI can only be turned
     1350        off using the command line. See
     1351        <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" />.
    8811352      </para>
    8821353
     
    8841355        <para>
    8851356          All Windows operating systems starting with Windows 2000
    886           install different kernels depending on whether ACPI is
    887           available, so ACPI <emphasis>must not be turned off</emphasis>
    888           after installation of a Windows guest OS. Turning it on after
    889           installation will have no effect however.
     1357          install different kernels, depending on whether ACPI is
     1358          available. This means that ACPI <emphasis>must not be turned
     1359          off</emphasis> after installation of a Windows guest OS.
     1360          However, turning it on after installation will have no effect.
    8901361        </para>
    8911362      </warning>
     
    8981369
    8991370      <para>
    900         On the Processor tab, you can set how many virtual
    901         <emphasis role="bold">CPU cores</emphasis> the guest operating
    902         systems should see. Starting with version 3.0, VirtualBox
    903         supports symmetrical multiprocessing (SMP) and can present up to
    904         32 virtual CPU cores to each virtual machine.
    905       </para>
    906 
    907       <para>
    908         You should not, however, configure virtual machines to use more
    909         CPU cores than are available physically (real cores, no
    910         hyperthreads).
    911       </para>
    912 
    913       <para>
    914         On this tab you can also set the <emphasis role="bold">CPU
    915         execution cap</emphasis>. This setting limits the amount of time
    916         a host CPU spends to emulate a virtual CPU. The default setting
    917         is 100% meaning that there is no limitation. A setting of 50%
    918         implies a single virtual CPU can use up to 50% of a single host
    919         CPU. Note that limiting the execution time of the virtual CPUs
    920         may induce guest timing problems.
    921       </para>
    922 
    923       <para>
    924         In addition, the <emphasis role="bold">Enable PAE/NX</emphasis>
    925         setting determines whether the PAE and NX capabilities of the
    926         host CPU will be exposed to the virtual machine. PAE stands for
    927         "Physical Address Extension". Normally, if enabled and supported
    928         by the operating system, then even a 32-bit x86 CPU can access
    929         more than 4 GB of RAM. This is made possible by adding another 4
    930         bits to memory addresses, so that with 36 bits, up to 64 GB can
    931         be addressed. Some operating systems, such as Ubuntu Server,
    932         require PAE support from the CPU and cannot be run in a virtual
    933         machine without it.
    934       </para>
     1371        On the <emphasis role="bold">Processor</emphasis> tab, you can
     1372        configure settings for the CPU used by the virtual machine.
     1373      </para>
     1374
     1375      <itemizedlist>
     1376
     1377        <listitem>
     1378          <para>
     1379            <emphasis role="bold">Processor(s):</emphasis> Sets the
     1380            number of virtual CPU cores the guest operating systems can
     1381            see. &product-name; supports symmetrical multiprocessing
     1382            (SMP) and can present up to 32 virtual CPU cores to each
     1383            virtual machine.
     1384          </para>
     1385
     1386          <para>
     1387            You should not configure virtual machines to use more CPU
     1388            cores than are available physically. This includes real
     1389            cores, with no hyperthreads.
     1390          </para>
     1391        </listitem>
     1392
     1393        <listitem>
     1394          <para>
     1395            <emphasis role="bold">Execution Cap:</emphasis> Configures
     1396            the CPU execution cap. This limits the amount of time a host
     1397            CPU spends to emulate a virtual CPU. The default setting is
     1398            100%, meaning that there is no limitation. A setting of 50%
     1399            implies a single virtual CPU can use up to 50% of a single
     1400            host CPU. Note that limiting the execution time of the
     1401            virtual CPUs may cause guest timing problems.
     1402          </para>
     1403
     1404          <para>
     1405            A warning is displayed at the bottom of the Processor tab if
     1406            an Execution Cap setting is made that may affect system
     1407            performance.
     1408          </para>
     1409        </listitem>
     1410
     1411        <listitem>
     1412          <para>
     1413            <emphasis role="bold">Enable PAE/NX:</emphasis> Determines
     1414            whether the PAE and NX capabilities of the host CPU will be
     1415            exposed to the virtual machine. To enable this feature,
     1416            select the <emphasis role="bold">Extended
     1417            Features</emphasis> check box.
     1418          </para>
     1419
     1420          <para>
     1421            PAE stands for Physical Address Extension. Normally, if
     1422            enabled and supported by the operating system, then even a
     1423            32-bit x86 CPU can access more than 4 GB of RAM. This is
     1424            made possible by adding another 4 bits to memory addresses,
     1425            so that with 36 bits, up to 64 GB can be addressed. Some
     1426            operating systems, such as Ubuntu Server, require PAE
     1427            support from the CPU and cannot be run in a virtual machine
     1428            without it.
     1429          </para>
     1430        </listitem>
     1431
     1432      </itemizedlist>
    9351433
    9361434      <para>
    9371435        With virtual machines running modern server operating systems,
    938         VirtualBox also supports CPU hot-plugging. For details, see
     1436        &product-name; also supports CPU hot-plugging. For details, see
    9391437        <xref linkend="cpuhotplug" />.
    9401438      </para>
     
    9471445
    9481446      <para>
    949         On this page, you can determine whether and how VirtualBox
    950         should use hardware virtualization extensions that your host CPU
    951         may support. This is the case with most CPUs built after 2006.
    952       </para>
    953 
    954       <para>
    955         You can select for each virtual machine individually whether
    956         VirtualBox should use software or hardware virtualization.
    957 
    958         <footnote>
    959 
    960           <para>
    961             Prior to VirtualBox version 2.2, software virtualization was
    962             the default; starting with version 2.2, VirtualBox will
    963             enable hardware virtualization by default for new virtual
    964             machines that you create. Existing virtual machines are not
    965             automatically changed for compatibility reasons, and the
    966             default can of course be changed for each virtual machine.
    967           </para>
    968 
    969         </footnote>
    970       </para>
    971 
    972       <para>
    973         In most cases, the default settings will be fine; VirtualBox
    974         will have picked sensible defaults depending on the operating
    975         system that you selected when you created the virtual machine.
    976         In certain situations, however, you may want to change these
    977         preconfigured defaults.
    978       </para>
    979 
    980       <para>
    981         Advanced users may be interested in technical details about
    982         software vs. hardware virtualization. See
    983         <xref
    984       linkend="hwvirt" />.
    985       </para>
    986 
    987       <para>
    988         If your host's CPU supports the <emphasis role="bold">nested
    989         paging</emphasis> (AMD-V) or
    990         <emphasis role="bold">EPT</emphasis> (Intel VT-x) features, then
    991         you can expect a significant performance increase by enabling
    992         nested paging in addition to hardware virtualization. For
    993         technical details, see <xref linkend="nestedpaging" />.
    994       </para>
    995 
    996       <para>
    997         Starting with version 5.0, VirtualBox provides
    998         paravirtualization interfaces to improve time-keeping accuracy
    999         and performance of guest operating systems. The options
    1000         available are documented under the
    1001         <computeroutput>paravirtprovider</computeroutput> option in
    1002         <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" />. For further details on
    1003         the paravirtualization providers, see
    1004         <xref linkend="gimproviders" />.
     1447        On this tab, you can configure &product-name; to use hardware
     1448        virtualization extensions that your host CPU supports.
     1449      </para>
     1450
     1451      <itemizedlist>
     1452
     1453        <listitem>
     1454          <para>
     1455            <emphasis role="bold">Paravirtualization
     1456            Interface:</emphasis> &product-name; provides
     1457            paravirtualization interfaces to improve time-keeping
     1458            accuracy and performance of guest operating systems. The
     1459            options available are documented under the
     1460            <computeroutput>paravirtprovider</computeroutput> option in
     1461            <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" />. For further details
     1462            on the paravirtualization providers, see
     1463            <xref linkend="gimproviders" />.
     1464          </para>
     1465        </listitem>
     1466
     1467        <listitem>
     1468          <para>
     1469            <emphasis role="bold">Hardware Virtualization:</emphasis>
     1470            You can select for each virtual machine individually whether
     1471            &product-name; should use software or hardware
     1472            virtualization.
     1473          </para>
     1474
     1475          <itemizedlist>
     1476
     1477            <listitem>
     1478              <para>
     1479                <emphasis role="bold">Enable VT-x/AMD-V:</emphasis>
     1480                Enables Intel VT-x and AMD-V hardware extensions if the
     1481                host CPU supports them.
     1482              </para>
     1483            </listitem>
     1484
     1485            <listitem>
     1486              <para>
     1487                <emphasis role="bold">Enable Nested Paging:</emphasis>
     1488                If the host CPU supports the nested paging (AMD-V) or
     1489                EPT (Intel VT-x) features, then you can expect a
     1490                significant performance increase by enabling nested
     1491                paging in addition to hardware virtualization. For
     1492                technical details, see <xref linkend="nestedpaging" />.
     1493              </para>
     1494            </listitem>
     1495
     1496          </itemizedlist>
     1497
     1498          <para>
     1499            Advanced users may be interested in technical details about
     1500            software versus hardware virtualization. See
     1501            <xref linkend="hwvirt" />.
     1502          </para>
     1503        </listitem>
     1504
     1505      </itemizedlist>
     1506
     1507      <para>
     1508        In most cases, the default settings on the
     1509        <emphasis role="bold">Acceleration</emphasis> tab will work
     1510        well. &product-name; selects sensible defaults, depending on the
     1511        operating system that you selected when you created the virtual
     1512        machine. In certain situations, however, you may want to change
     1513        the preconfigured defaults.
    10051514      </para>
    10061515
     
    10131522    <title>Display Settings</title>
    10141523
    1015     <itemizedlist>
    1016 
    1017       <listitem>
    1018         <para>
    1019           <emphasis role="bold">Video memory size:</emphasis> Sets the
    1020           size of the memory provided by the virtual graphics card
    1021           available to the guest, in MB. As with the main memory, the
    1022           specified amount will be allocated from the host's resident
    1023           memory. Based on the amount of video memory, higher
    1024           resolutions and color depths may be available.
    1025         </para>
    1026 
    1027         <para>
    1028           The GUI will show a warning if the amount of video memory is
    1029           too small to be able to switch the VM into full screen mode.
    1030           The minimum value depends on the number of virtual monitors,
    1031           the screen resolution and the color depth of the host display
    1032           as well as of the activation of <emphasis>3D
    1033           acceleration</emphasis> and <emphasis>2D video
    1034           acceleration</emphasis>. A rough estimate is (<emphasis>color
    1035           depth</emphasis> / 8) x <emphasis>vertical pixels</emphasis> x
    1036           <emphasis>horizontal pixels</emphasis> x <emphasis>number of
    1037           screens</emphasis> = <emphasis>number of bytes</emphasis>.
    1038           Like said above, there might be extra memory required for any
    1039           activated display acceleration setting.
    1040         </para>
    1041       </listitem>
    1042 
    1043       <listitem>
    1044         <para>
    1045           <emphasis role="bold">Monitor count:</emphasis> With this
    1046           setting VirtualBox can provide more than one virtual monitor
    1047           to a virtual machine. If a guest operating system, such as
    1048           Windows, supports multiple attached monitors, VirtualBox can
    1049           pretend that multiple virtual monitors are present.
    1050 
    1051           <footnote>
    1052 
    1053             <para>
    1054               Multiple monitor support was added with VirtualBox 3.2.
    1055             </para>
    1056 
    1057           </footnote>
    1058 
    1059           Up to eight such virtual monitors are supported.
    1060         </para>
    1061 
    1062         <para>
    1063           The output of the multiple monitors are displayed on the host
    1064           in multiple VM windows which are running side by side.
    1065         </para>
    1066 
    1067         <para>
    1068           However, in full screen and seamless mode, they use the
    1069           available physical monitors attached to the host. As a result,
    1070           for full screen and seamless modes to work with multiple
    1071           monitors, you will need at least as many physical monitors as
    1072           you have virtual monitors configured, or VirtualBox will
    1073           report an error. You can configure the relationship between
    1074           guest and host monitors using the view menu by pressing Host
    1075           key + Home when you are in full screen or seamless mode.
    1076         </para>
    1077 
    1078         <para>
    1079           See also <xref linkend="KnownIssues" />.
    1080         </para>
    1081       </listitem>
    1082 
    1083       <listitem>
    1084         <para>
    1085           <emphasis role="bold">Enable 3D acceleration:</emphasis> If a
    1086           virtual machine has Guest Additions installed, you can select
    1087           here whether the guest should support accelerated 3D graphics.
    1088           See <xref linkend="guestadd-3d" />.
    1089         </para>
    1090       </listitem>
    1091 
    1092       <listitem>
    1093         <para>
    1094           <emphasis role="bold">Enable 2D video acceleration:</emphasis>
    1095           If a virtual machine with Microsoft Windows has Guest
    1096           Additions installed, you can select here whether the guest
    1097           should support accelerated 2D video graphics. See
    1098           <xref
    1099           linkend="guestadd-2d" />.
    1100         </para>
    1101       </listitem>
    1102 
    1103       <listitem>
    1104         <para>
    1105           <emphasis role="bold">Remote display:</emphasis> On the
    1106           <emphasis role="bold">Remote Display</emphasis> tab, if the
    1107           VirtualBox Remote Display Extension (VRDE) is installed, you
    1108           can enable the VRDP server that is built into VirtualBox. This
    1109           enables you to connect to the console of the virtual machine
    1110           remotely with any standard RDP viewer, such as
    1111           <computeroutput>mstsc.exe</computeroutput> that comes with
    1112           Microsoft Windows. On Linux and Solaris systems you can use
    1113           the standard open source
    1114           <computeroutput>rdesktop</computeroutput> program. These
    1115           features are described in <xref linkend="vrde" />.
    1116         </para>
    1117       </listitem>
    1118 
    1119       <listitem>
    1120         <para>
    1121           <emphasis role="bold">Capture:</emphasis> On the
    1122           <emphasis role="bold">Capture</emphasis> tab you can
    1123           enable video and audio capturing, as well as changing related options
    1124           for this VM. Note that these features can also be enabled/disabled
    1125           while the VM is being executed.
    1126         </para>
    1127       </listitem>
    1128 
    1129     </itemizedlist>
     1524    <para>
     1525      The following tabs are available for configuring the display for a
     1526      virtual machine.
     1527    </para>
     1528
     1529    <sect2 id="settings-screen">
     1530
     1531      <title>Screen Tab</title>
     1532
     1533      <itemizedlist>
     1534
     1535        <listitem>
     1536          <para>
     1537            <emphasis role="bold">Video Memory:</emphasis> Sets the size
     1538            of the memory provided by the virtual graphics card
     1539            available to the guest, in MB. As with the main memory, the
     1540            specified amount will be allocated from the host's resident
     1541            memory. Based on the amount of video memory, higher
     1542            resolutions and color depths may be available.
     1543          </para>
     1544
     1545          <para>
     1546            The GUI will show a warning if the amount of video memory is
     1547            too small to be able to switch the VM into full screen mode.
     1548            The minimum value depends on the number of virtual monitors,
     1549            the screen resolution and the color depth of the host
     1550            display as well as on the use of <emphasis>3D
     1551            acceleration</emphasis> and <emphasis>2D video
     1552            acceleration</emphasis>. A rough estimate is
     1553            (<emphasis>color depth</emphasis> / 8) x <emphasis>vertical
     1554            pixels</emphasis> x <emphasis>horizontal pixels</emphasis> x
     1555            <emphasis>number of screens</emphasis> = <emphasis>number of
     1556            bytes</emphasis>. Extra memory may be required if display
     1557            acceleration is used.
     1558          </para>
     1559        </listitem>
     1560
     1561        <listitem>
     1562          <para>
     1563            <emphasis role="bold">Monitor Count:</emphasis> With this
     1564            setting, &product-name; can provide more than one virtual
     1565            monitor to a virtual machine. If a guest operating system
     1566            supports multiple attached monitors, &product-name; can
     1567            pretend that multiple virtual monitors are present. Up to
     1568            eight such virtual monitors are supported.
     1569          </para>
     1570
     1571          <para>
     1572            The output of the multiple monitors are displayed on the
     1573            host in multiple VM windows which are running side by side.
     1574            However, in full screen and seamless mode, they use the
     1575            available physical monitors attached to the host. As a
     1576            result, for full screen and seamless modes to work with
     1577            multiple monitors, you will need at least as many physical
     1578            monitors as you have virtual monitors configured, or
     1579            &product-name; will report an error.
     1580          </para>
     1581
     1582          <para>
     1583            You can configure the relationship between guest and host
     1584            monitors using the <emphasis role="bold">View</emphasis>
     1585            menu by pressing Host key + Home when you are in full screen
     1586            or seamless mode.
     1587          </para>
     1588
     1589          <para>
     1590            See also <xref linkend="KnownIssues" />.
     1591          </para>
     1592        </listitem>
     1593
     1594        <listitem>
     1595          <para>
     1596            <emphasis role="bold">Scale Factor:</emphasis> Enables
     1597            scaling of the display size. For multiple monitor displays,
     1598            you can set the scale factor for individual monitors, or
     1599            globally for all of the monitors. Use the slider to select a
     1600            scaling factor up to 200%.
     1601          </para>
     1602
     1603          <para>
     1604            You can set a default scale factor for all VMs. Use the
     1605            <emphasis role="bold">Display</emphasis> tab in the Global
     1606            Settings dialogs.
     1607          </para>
     1608        </listitem>
     1609
     1610        <listitem>
     1611          <para>
     1612            <emphasis role="bold">Enable 3D Acceleration:</emphasis> If
     1613            a virtual machine has Guest Additions installed, you can
     1614            select here whether the guest should support accelerated 3D
     1615            graphics. See <xref linkend="guestadd-3d" />.
     1616          </para>
     1617        </listitem>
     1618
     1619        <listitem>
     1620          <para>
     1621            <emphasis role="bold">Enable 2D Video
     1622            Acceleration:</emphasis> If a virtual machine with Microsoft
     1623            Windows has Guest Additions installed, you can select here
     1624            whether the guest should support accelerated 2D video
     1625            graphics. See <xref linkend="guestadd-2d" />.
     1626          </para>
     1627        </listitem>
     1628
     1629        <listitem>
     1630          <para>
     1631            <emphasis role="bold">Graphics Controller:</emphasis>
     1632            Specifies the graphics adapter type used by the VM. The
     1633            following options are available:
     1634          </para>
     1635
     1636          <itemizedlist>
     1637
     1638            <listitem>
     1639              <para>
     1640                <emphasis role="bold">VBoxSVGA:</emphasis> The default
     1641                graphics controller for new VMs that use Linux or
     1642                Windows 7 or later. Requires the Guest Additions.
     1643              </para>
     1644            </listitem>
     1645
     1646            <listitem>
     1647              <para>
     1648                <emphasis role="bold">VBoxVGA:</emphasis> Used for
     1649                legacy guest operating systems. This was the default
     1650                graphics controller in previous releases.
     1651              </para>
     1652
     1653              <para>
     1654                For Windows versions before Windows 7, this is the
     1655                default option. Does not require the Guest Additions.
     1656              </para>
     1657            </listitem>
     1658
     1659            <listitem>
     1660              <para>
     1661                <emphasis role="bold">VMSVGA:</emphasis> Used to emulate
     1662                a VMware SVGA graphic device. Requires the Guest
     1663                Additions.
     1664              </para>
     1665            </listitem>
     1666
     1667            <listitem>
     1668              <para>
     1669                <emphasis role="bold">None:</emphasis> Do not emulate a
     1670                graphics adapter type.
     1671              </para>
     1672            </listitem>
     1673
     1674          </itemizedlist>
     1675        </listitem>
     1676
     1677      </itemizedlist>
     1678
     1679    </sect2>
     1680
     1681    <sect2 id="settings-remote-display">
     1682
     1683      <title>Remote Display Tab</title>
     1684
     1685      <para>
     1686        On the <emphasis role="bold">Remote Display</emphasis> tab, if
     1687        the VirtualBox Remote Display Extension (VRDE) is installed, you
     1688        can enable the VRDP server that is built into &product-name;.
     1689        This enables you to connect to the console of the virtual
     1690        machine remotely with any standard RDP viewer, such as
     1691        <command>mstsc.exe</command> that comes with Microsoft Windows.
     1692        On Linux and Oracle Solaris systems you can use the standard
     1693        open source <command>rdesktop</command> program. These features
     1694        are described in <xref linkend="vrde" />.
     1695      </para>
     1696
     1697      <itemizedlist>
     1698
     1699        <listitem>
     1700          <para>
     1701            <emphasis role="bold">Enable Server:</emphasis> Select this
     1702            check box and configure settings for the remote display
     1703            connection.
     1704          </para>
     1705        </listitem>
     1706
     1707      </itemizedlist>
     1708
     1709    </sect2>
     1710
     1711    <sect2 id="settings-capture">
     1712
     1713      <title>Recording Tab</title>
     1714
     1715      <remark>
     1716        Renamed to Recording tab? Check against RC version.
     1717      </remark>
     1718
     1719      <para>
     1720        On the <emphasis role="bold">Recording</emphasis> tab you can
     1721        enable video and audio recording for a virtual machine and
     1722        change related settings. Note that these features can be enabled
     1723        and disabled while a VM is running.
     1724      </para>
     1725
     1726      <itemizedlist>
     1727
     1728        <listitem>
     1729          <para>
     1730            <emphasis role="bold">Enable Capture:</emphasis> Select this
     1731            check box and select a <emphasis role="bold">Capture
     1732            Mode</emphasis> option.
     1733          </para>
     1734        </listitem>
     1735
     1736        <listitem>
     1737          <para>
     1738            <emphasis role="bold">Capture Mode:</emphasis> You can
     1739            choose to record video, audio, or both video and audio.
     1740          </para>
     1741
     1742          <para>
     1743            Some settings on the
     1744            <emphasis role="bold">Recording</emphasis> tab may be grayed
     1745            out, depending on the <emphasis role="bold">Capture
     1746            Mode</emphasis> setting.
     1747          </para>
     1748        </listitem>
     1749
     1750        <listitem>
     1751          <para>
     1752            <emphasis role="bold">File Path:</emphasis> The file where
     1753            the recording is saved.
     1754          </para>
     1755        </listitem>
     1756
     1757        <listitem>
     1758          <para>
     1759            <emphasis role="bold">Frame Size:</emphasis> The video
     1760            resolution of the recorded video, in pixels. The drop-down
     1761            list enables you to select from common frame sizes.
     1762          </para>
     1763        </listitem>
     1764
     1765        <listitem>
     1766          <para>
     1767            <emphasis role="bold">Frame Rate:</emphasis> Use the slider
     1768            to set the maximum number of video frames per second (FPS)
     1769            to record. Frames that have a higher frequency are skipped.
     1770            Increasing this value reduces the number of skipped frames
     1771            and increases the file size.
     1772          </para>
     1773        </listitem>
     1774
     1775        <listitem>
     1776          <para>
     1777            <emphasis role="bold">Quality:</emphasis> Use the slider to
     1778            set the the bit rate of the video in kilobits per second.
     1779            Increasing this value improves the appearance of the video
     1780            at the cost of an increased file size.
     1781          </para>
     1782        </listitem>
     1783
     1784        <listitem>
     1785          <para>
     1786            <emphasis role="bold">Audio Quality:</emphasis> Use the
     1787            slider to set the quality of the audio recording. Increasing
     1788            this value improves the audio quality at the cost of an
     1789            increased file size.
     1790          </para>
     1791        </listitem>
     1792
     1793        <listitem>
     1794          <para>
     1795            <emphasis role="bold">Screens:</emphasis> For a multiple
     1796            monitor display, you can select which screens to record
     1797            video from.
     1798          </para>
     1799        </listitem>
     1800
     1801      </itemizedlist>
     1802
     1803      <para>
     1804        As you adjust the video and audio recording settings, the
     1805        approximate output file size for a five minute video is shown.
     1806      </para>
     1807
     1808    </sect2>
    11301809
    11311810  </sect1>
     
    11361815
    11371816    <para>
    1138       The Storage category in the VM settings enables you to connect
    1139       virtual hard disk, CD/DVD, and floppy images and drives to your
    1140       virtual machine.
    1141     </para>
    1142 
    1143     <para>
    1144       In a real PC, so-called "storage controllers" connect physical
    1145       disk drives to the rest of the computer. Similarly, VirtualBox
    1146       presents virtual storage controllers to a virtual machine. Under
    1147       each controller, the virtual devices, such as hard disks, CD/DVD
    1148       or floppy drives, attached to the controller are shown.
    1149 
    1150       <note>
    1151         <para>
    1152           This section can only give you a quick introduction to the
    1153           VirtualBox storage settings. Since VirtualBox gives you an
    1154           enormous wealth of options in this area, we have dedicated an
    1155           entire chapter of this User Manual to explaining all the
    1156           details. See <xref
    1157         linkend="storage" />.
    1158         </para>
    1159       </note>
    1160     </para>
     1817      The <emphasis role="bold">Storage</emphasis> category in the VM
     1818      settings enables you to connect virtual hard disk, CD/DVD, and
     1819      floppy images and drives to your virtual machine.
     1820    </para>
     1821
     1822    <para>
     1823      In a real PC, so-called <emphasis>storage controllers</emphasis>
     1824      connect physical disk drives to the rest of the computer.
     1825      Similarly, &product-name; presents virtual storage controllers to
     1826      a virtual machine. Under each controller, the virtual devices,
     1827      such as hard disks, CD/DVD or floppy drives, attached to the
     1828      controller are shown.
     1829    </para>
     1830
     1831    <note>
     1832      <para>
     1833        This section gives a quick introduction to the &product-name;
     1834        storage settings. See <xref linkend="storage" /> for a full
     1835        description of the available storage settings in &product-name;.
     1836      </para>
     1837    </note>
    11611838
    11621839    <para>
     
    11661843    </para>
    11671844
    1168     <para>
     1845    <figure id="fig-storage-settings">
     1846      <title>Storage Settings for a Virtual Machine</title>
    11691847      <mediaobject>
    11701848        <imageobject>
     
    11731851        </imageobject>
    11741852      </mediaobject>
    1175     </para>
     1853    </figure>
    11761854
    11771855    <para>
    11781856      Depending on the guest operating system type that you selected
    1179       when you created the VM, the typical layout of storage devices in
    1180       a new VM is as follows:
     1857      when you created the VM, a new VM includes the following storage
     1858      devices:
    11811859    </para>
    11821860
     
    11851863      <listitem>
    11861864        <para>
    1187           You will see an <emphasis role="bold">IDE
    1188           controller</emphasis>, to which a virtual CD/DVD drive has
    1189           been attached to the "secondary master" port of the IDE
    1190           controller.
     1865          <emphasis role="bold">IDE controller.</emphasis> A virtual
     1866          CD/DVD drive is attached to the secondary master port of the
     1867          IDE controller.
    11911868        </para>
    11921869      </listitem>
     
    11941871      <listitem>
    11951872        <para>
    1196           You will also see a <emphasis role="bold">SATA
    1197           controller</emphasis>, which is a more modern type of storage
    1198           controller for higher hard disk data throughput, to which the
    1199           virtual hard disks are attached. Initially you will normally
    1200           have one such virtual disk, but as you can see in the above
    1201           screenshot, you can have more than one. Each is represented by
    1202           a disk image file, VDI files in this case.
     1873          <emphasis role="bold">SATA controller.</emphasis> This is a
     1874          modern type of storage controller for higher hard disk data
     1875          throughput, to which the virtual hard disks are attached.
     1876          Initially you will normally have one such virtual disk, but as
     1877          shown in the previous screenshot, you can have more than one.
     1878          Each is represented by a disk image file, such as a VDI file
     1879          in this example.
    12031880        </para>
    12041881      </listitem>
     
    12071884
    12081885    <para>
    1209       If you created your VM with an older version of VirtualBox, the
    1210       default storage layout may differ. You might then only have an IDE
    1211       controller to which both the CD/DVD drive and the hard disks have
    1212       been attached. This might also apply if you selected an older
     1886      If you created your VM with an older version of &product-name;,
     1887      the default storage layout may differ. You might then only have an
     1888      IDE controller to which both the CD/DVD drive and the hard disks
     1889      have been attached. This might also apply if you selected an older
    12131890      operating system type when you created the VM. Since older
    12141891      operating systems do not support SATA without additional drivers,
    1215       VirtualBox will make sure that no such devices are present
    1216       initially. See <xref
    1217     linkend="harddiskcontrollers" />.
    1218     </para>
    1219 
    1220     <para>
    1221       VirtualBox also provides a <emphasis role="bold">floppy
     1892      &product-name; will make sure that no such devices are present
     1893      initially. See <xref linkend="harddiskcontrollers" />.
     1894    </para>
     1895
     1896    <para>
     1897      &product-name; also provides a <emphasis>floppy
    12221898      controller</emphasis>. You cannot add devices other than floppy
    12231899      drives to this controller. Virtual floppy drives, like virtual
     
    12431919          CD/DVD or floppy drive</emphasis>, select the storage
    12441920          controller to which it should be added (IDE, SATA, SCSI, SAS,
    1245           floppy controller) and then click on the
     1921          floppy controller) and then click the
    12461922          <emphasis role="bold">Add Disk</emphasis> button below the
    12471923          tree. You can then either select <emphasis role="bold">Add
     
    12611937          <listitem>
    12621938            <para>
    1263               You can then select to which
    1264               <emphasis
    1265                 role="bold">device
     1939              You can then select to which <emphasis role="bold">device
    12661940              slot</emphasis> of the controller the virtual disk should
    12671941              be connected to. IDE controllers have four slots which
    1268               have traditionally been called "primary master", "primary
    1269               slave", "secondary master" and "secondary slave". By
    1270               contrast, SATA and SCSI controllers offer you up to 30
    1271               slots to which virtual devices can be attached.
     1942              have traditionally been called primary master, primary
     1943              slave, secondary master, and secondary slave. By contrast,
     1944              SATA and SCSI controllers offer you up to 30 slots for
     1945              attaching virtual devices.
    12721946            </para>
    12731947          </listitem>
     
    12911965                  displays the <emphasis role="bold">Create New
    12921966                  Disk</emphasis> wizard, described in
    1293                   <xref
    1294                       linkend="gui-createvm" />.
     1967                  <xref linkend="gui-createvm" />.
     1968                </para>
     1969
     1970                <para>
     1971                  For virtual floppy drives, a dialog enables you to
     1972                  create and format a new floppy disk image
     1973                  automatically.
    12951974                </para>
    12961975
    12971976                <para>
    12981977                  For details on the image file types that are
    1299                   supported, see
    1300                   <xref
    1301                       linkend="vdidetails" />.
     1978                  supported, see <xref linkend="vdidetails" />.
    13021979                </para>
    13031980              </listitem>
     
    13342011
    13352012                    <para>
    1336                       If you want to write (burn) CDs or DVDs using the
    1337                       host drive, you need to also enable the
     2013                      If you want to write, or burn, CDs or DVDs using
     2014                      the host drive, you need to also enable the
    13382015                      <emphasis role="bold">Passthrough</emphasis>
    13392016                      option. See <xref linkend="storage-cds" />.
     
    13442021                    <para>
    13452022                      If you select <emphasis role="bold">Remove Disk
    1346                       from Virtual Drive</emphasis>, VirtualBox will
     2023                      from Virtual Drive</emphasis>, &product-name; will
    13472024                      present an empty CD/DVD drive to the guest into
    13482025                      which no media has been inserted.
     
    13722049    <para>
    13732050      Removable media, such as CD/DVDs and floppies, can be changed
    1374       while the guest is running. Since the Settings dialog is not
    1375       available at that time, you can also access these settings from
    1376       the <emphasis role="bold">Devices</emphasis> menu of your virtual
     2051      while the guest is running. Since the
     2052      <emphasis role="bold">Settings</emphasis> dialog is not available
     2053      at that time, you can also access these settings from the
     2054      <emphasis role="bold">Devices</emphasis> menu of your virtual
    13772055      machine window.
    13782056    </para>
     
    13852063
    13862064    <para>
    1387       The Audio section in a virtual machine's Settings window
    1388       determines whether the VM will see a sound card connected, and
    1389       whether the audio output should be heard on the host system.
    1390     </para>
    1391 
    1392     <para>
    1393       If audio is enabled for a guest, you can choose between the
    1394       emulation of an Intel AC'97 controller, an Intel HD Audio
    1395       controller
    1396 
    1397       <footnote>
    1398 
    1399         <para>
    1400           Intel HD Audio support was added with VirtualBox 4.0 because
    1401           Windows 7 and later (as well as 64-bit Windows Vista) do not
    1402           support the Intel AC'97 controller out of the box.
    1403         </para>
    1404 
    1405       </footnote>
    1406 
    1407       or a SoundBlaster 16 card. In any case, you can select what audio
    1408       driver VirtualBox will use on the host.
    1409     </para>
    1410 
    1411     <para>
    1412       On a Linux host, depending on your host configuration, you can
    1413       also select between the OSS, ALSA, or the PulseAudio subsystem. On
    1414       newer Linux distributions, the PulseAudio subsystem should be
    1415       preferred.
    1416     </para>
    1417 
    1418     <para>
    1419       Since VirtualBox 5.0 only OSS is supported on Solaris hosts. The
    1420       "Solaris Audio" audio backend is no longer supported on Solaris
    1421       hosts.
    1422     </para>
     2065      The <emphasis role="bold">Audio</emphasis> section in a virtual
     2066      machine's <emphasis role="bold">Settings</emphasis> window
     2067      determines whether the VM will detect a connected sound card, and
     2068      if the audio output should be played on the host system.
     2069    </para>
     2070
     2071    <para>
     2072      To enable audio for a guest, select the
     2073      <emphasis role="bold">Enable Audio</emphasis> check box. The
     2074      following settings are available:
     2075    </para>
     2076
     2077    <itemizedlist>
     2078
     2079      <listitem>
     2080        <para>
     2081          <emphasis role="bold">Host Audio Driver:</emphasis> The audio
     2082          driver that &product-name; uses on the host. On a Linux host,
     2083          depending on your host configuration, you can select between
     2084          the OSS, ALSA, or the PulseAudio subsystem. On newer Linux
     2085          distributions, the PulseAudio subsystem is preferred.
     2086        </para>
     2087
     2088        <para>
     2089          Only OSS is supported on Oracle Solaris hosts. The Oracle
     2090          Solaris Audio audio backend is no longer supported on Oracle
     2091          Solaris hosts.
     2092        </para>
     2093      </listitem>
     2094
     2095      <listitem>
     2096        <para>
     2097          <emphasis role="bold">Audio Controller:</emphasis> You can
     2098          choose between the emulation of an Intel AC'97 controller, an
     2099          Intel HD Audio controller, or a SoundBlaster 16 card.
     2100        </para>
     2101      </listitem>
     2102
     2103      <listitem>
     2104        <para>
     2105          <emphasis role="bold">Enable Audio Output:</emphasis> Enables
     2106          audio output only for the VM.
     2107        </para>
     2108      </listitem>
     2109
     2110      <listitem>
     2111        <para>
     2112          <emphasis role="bold">Enable Audio Input:</emphasis> Enables
     2113          audio input only for the VM.
     2114        </para>
     2115      </listitem>
     2116
     2117    </itemizedlist>
    14232118
    14242119  </sect1>
     
    14292124
    14302125    <para>
    1431       The Network section in a virtual machine's Settings window enables
    1432       you to configure how VirtualBox presents virtual network cards to
    1433       your VM, and how they operate.
    1434     </para>
    1435 
    1436     <para>
    1437       When you first create a virtual machine, VirtualBox by default
     2126      The <emphasis role="bold">Network</emphasis> section in a virtual
     2127      machine's <emphasis role="bold">Settings</emphasis> window enables
     2128      you to configure how &product-name; presents virtual network cards
     2129      to your VM, and how they operate.
     2130    </para>
     2131
     2132    <para>
     2133      When you first create a virtual machine, &product-name; by default
    14382134      enables one virtual network card and selects the Network Address
    14392135      Translation (NAT) mode for it. This way the guest can connect to
     
    14442140
    14452141    <para>
    1446       This default setup is good for the majority of VirtualBox users.
    1447       However, VirtualBox is extremely flexible in how it can virtualize
    1448       networking. It supports many virtual network cards per virtual
    1449       machine, the first four of which can be configured in detail in
    1450       the Manager window. Additional network cards can be configured on
    1451       the command line with VBoxManage.
    1452     </para>
    1453 
    1454     <para>
    1455       Because of the vast array of options available, we have dedicated
    1456       an entire chapter of this manual to discussing networking
    1457       configuration. See <xref linkend="networkingdetails" />.
     2142      This default setup is good for the majority of &product-name;
     2143      users. However, &product-name; is extremely flexible in how it can
     2144      virtualize networking. It supports many virtual network cards per
     2145      virtual machine. The first four virtual network cards can be
     2146      configured in detail in the VirtualBox Manager window. Additional
     2147      network cards can be configured using the
     2148      <command>VBoxManage</command> command.
     2149    </para>
     2150
     2151    <para>
     2152      Many networking options are available. See
     2153      <xref linkend="networkingdetails" /> for more information.
    14582154    </para>
    14592155
     
    14652161
    14662162    <para>
    1467       VirtualBox fully supports virtual serial ports in a virtual
    1468       machine in an easy-to-use manner.
    1469 
    1470       <footnote>
    1471 
    1472         <para>
    1473           Serial port support was added with VirtualBox 1.5.
    1474         </para>
    1475 
    1476       </footnote>
     2163      &product-name; supports the use of virtual serial ports in a
     2164      virtual machine.
    14772165    </para>
    14782166
     
    14862174
    14872175    <para>
    1488       While serial ports are no longer as ubiquitous as they used to be,
     2176      While serial ports are no longer as common as they used to be,
    14892177      there are still some important uses left for them. For example,
    14902178      serial ports can be used to set up a primitive network over a
     
    14992187    <para>
    15002188      If a virtual serial port is enabled, the guest operating system
    1501       sees a standard 16550A compatible UART device. Both receiving and
    1502       transmitting data is supported. How this virtual serial port is
    1503       then connected to the host is configurable, and the details depend
    1504       on your host operating system.
    1505     </para>
    1506 
    1507     <para>
    1508       You can use either the graphical user interface or the
    1509       command-line <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput> tool to
    1510       set up virtual serial ports. For the latter, see
    1511       <xref
    1512     linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" /> for information on the
    1513       <computeroutput>--uart</computeroutput> and
    1514       <computeroutput>--uartmode</computeroutput> options.
    1515     </para>
    1516 
    1517     <para>
    1518       In either case, you can configure up to four virtual serial ports
    1519       per virtual machine. For each such device, you will need to
    1520       determine the following:
     2189      sees a standard 16550A compatible UART device. Other UART types
     2190      can be configured using the <command>VBoxManage modifyvm</command>
     2191      command. Both receiving and transmitting data is supported. How
     2192      this virtual serial port is then connected to the host is
     2193      configurable, and the details depend on your host operating
     2194      system.
     2195    </para>
     2196
     2197    <para>
     2198      You can use either the Settings tabs or the
     2199      <command>VBoxManage</command> command to set up virtual serial
     2200      ports. For the latter, see <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" />
     2201      for information on the <computeroutput>--uart</computeroutput>,
     2202      <computeroutput>--uartmode</computeroutput> and
     2203      <computeroutput>--uarttype</computeroutput> options.
     2204    </para>
     2205
     2206    <para>
     2207      You can configure up to four virtual serial ports per virtual
     2208      machine. For each device, you must set the following:
    15212209    </para>
    15222210
     
    15252213      <listitem>
    15262214        <para>
    1527           What kind of serial port the virtual machine should see, by
    1528           selecting an I/O base address and interrupt (IRQ). For these,
    1529           we recommend you use the traditional values, as follows:
    1530 
    1531           <footnote>
    1532 
    1533             <para>
    1534               See, for example,
    1535               <ulink
     2215          <emphasis role="bold">Port Number:</emphasis> This determines
     2216          the serial port that the virtual machine should see. For best
     2217          results, use the traditional values as follows:
     2218        </para>
     2219
     2220        <itemizedlist>
     2221
     2222          <listitem>
     2223            <para>
     2224              COM1: I/O base 0x3F8, IRQ 4
     2225            </para>
     2226          </listitem>
     2227
     2228          <listitem>
     2229            <para>
     2230              COM2: I/O base 0x2F8, IRQ 3
     2231            </para>
     2232          </listitem>
     2233
     2234          <listitem>
     2235            <para>
     2236              COM3: I/O base 0x3E8, IRQ 4
     2237            </para>
     2238          </listitem>
     2239
     2240          <listitem>
     2241            <para>
     2242              COM4: I/O base 0x2E8, IRQ 3
     2243            </para>
     2244          </listitem>
     2245
     2246        </itemizedlist>
     2247
     2248        <para>
     2249          You can also configure a user-defined serial port. Enter an
     2250          I/O base address and interrupt (IRQ).
     2251        </para>
     2252
     2253        <para>
     2254          See also
     2255          <ulink
    15362256              url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COM_(hardware_interface)">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COM_(hardware_interface)</ulink>.
    1537             </para>
    1538 
    1539           </footnote>
     2257        </para>
     2258      </listitem>
     2259
     2260      <listitem>
     2261        <para>
     2262          <emphasis role="bold">Port Mode:</emphasis> What the virtual
     2263          port is connected to. For each virtual serial port, you have
     2264          the following options:
    15402265        </para>
    15412266
     
    15442269          <listitem>
    15452270            <para>
    1546               COM1: I/O base 0x3F8, IRQ 4
    1547             </para>
    1548           </listitem>
    1549 
    1550           <listitem>
    1551             <para>
    1552               COM2: I/O base 0x2F8, IRQ 3
    1553             </para>
    1554           </listitem>
    1555 
    1556           <listitem>
    1557             <para>
    1558               COM3: I/O base 0x3E8, IRQ 4
    1559             </para>
    1560           </listitem>
    1561 
    1562           <listitem>
    1563             <para>
    1564               COM4: I/O base 0x2E8, IRQ 3
    1565             </para>
    1566           </listitem>
    1567 
    1568         </itemizedlist>
    1569       </listitem>
    1570 
    1571       <listitem>
    1572         <para>
    1573           Then, you will need to determine what this virtual port should
    1574           be connected to. For each virtual serial port, you have the
    1575           following options:
    1576         </para>
    1577 
    1578         <itemizedlist>
    1579 
    1580           <listitem>
    1581             <para>
    1582               You can configure the virtual serial port to be
    1583               "disconnected". This means that the guest will see the
    1584               device, but it will behave as if no cable had been
    1585               connected to it.
    1586             </para>
    1587           </listitem>
    1588 
    1589           <listitem>
    1590             <para>
    1591               You can connect the virtual serial port to a physical
    1592               serial port on your host. On a Windows host, this will be
    1593               a name like <computeroutput>COM1</computeroutput>. On
    1594               Linux or Solaris hosts, it will be a device node like
    1595               <computeroutput>/dev/ttyS0</computeroutput>. VirtualBox
    1596               will then simply redirect all data received from and sent
    1597               to the virtual serial port to the physical device.
    1598             </para>
    1599           </listitem>
    1600 
    1601           <listitem>
    1602             <para>
    1603               You can tell VirtualBox to connect the virtual serial port
    1604               to a software pipe on the host. This depends on your host
     2271              <emphasis role="bold">Disconnected:</emphasis> The guest
     2272              will see the device, but it will behave as if no cable had
     2273              been connected to it.
     2274            </para>
     2275          </listitem>
     2276
     2277          <listitem>
     2278            <para>
     2279              <emphasis role="bold">Host Device:</emphasis> Connects the
     2280              virtual serial port to a physical serial port on your
     2281              host. On a Windows host, this will be a name like
     2282              <computeroutput>COM1</computeroutput>. On Linux or Oracle
     2283              Solaris hosts, it will be a device node like
     2284              <computeroutput>/dev/ttyS0</computeroutput>.
     2285              &product-name; will then simply redirect all data received
     2286              from and sent to the virtual serial port to the physical
     2287              device.
     2288            </para>
     2289          </listitem>
     2290
     2291          <listitem>
     2292            <para>
     2293              <emphasis role="bold">Host Pipe:</emphasis> Configure
     2294              &product-name; to connect the virtual serial port to a
     2295              software pipe on the host. This depends on your host
    16052296              operating system, as follows:
    16062297            </para>
     
    16222313              <listitem>
    16232314                <para>
    1624                   On a Mac, Linux, or Solaris host, a local domain
    1625                   socket is used instead. The socket filename must be
    1626                   chosen such that the user running VirtualBox has
    1627                   sufficient privileges to create and write to it. The
    1628                   <computeroutput>/tmp</computeroutput> directory is
    1629                   often a good candidate.
     2315                  On a Mac, Linux, or Oracle Solaris host, a local
     2316                  domain socket is used instead. The socket filename
     2317                  must be chosen such that the user running
     2318                  &product-name; has sufficient privileges to create and
     2319                  write to it. The <computeroutput>/tmp</computeroutput>
     2320                  directory is often a good candidate.
    16302321                </para>
    16312322
     
    16422333
    16432334            <para>
    1644               In this case, you can configure whether VirtualBox should
    1645               create the named pipe (or, on non-Windows hosts, the local
    1646               domain socket) itself or whether VirtualBox should assume
    1647               that the pipe or socket exists already. With the
    1648               <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput> command-line
    1649               options, this is referred to as "server" or "client" mode,
     2335              In this case, you can configure whether &product-name;
     2336              should create the named pipe, or the local domain socket
     2337              non-Windows hosts, itself or whether &product-name; should
     2338              assume that the pipe or socket exists already. With the
     2339              <command>VBoxManage</command> command-line options, this
     2340              is referred to as server mode or client mode,
    16502341              respectively.
    16512342            </para>
     
    16542345              For a direct connection between two virtual machines,
    16552346              corresponding to a null-modem cable, simply configure one
    1656               VM to create a pipe/socket and another to attach to it.
    1657             </para>
    1658           </listitem>
    1659 
    1660           <listitem>
    1661             <para>
    1662               You can send the virtual serial port output to a file.
    1663               This option is very useful for capturing diagnostic output
    1664               from a guest. Any file may be used for this purpose, as
    1665               long as the user running VirtualBox has sufficient
    1666               privileges to create and write to the file.
    1667             </para>
    1668           </listitem>
    1669 
    1670           <listitem>
    1671             <para>
    1672               TCP Socket: Useful for forwarding serial traffic over
    1673               TCP/IP, acting as a server, or it can act as a TCP client
    1674               connecting to other servers. It allows a remote machine to
    1675               directly connect to the guest's serial port via TCP.
     2347              VM to create a pipe or socket and another to attach to it.
     2348            </para>
     2349          </listitem>
     2350
     2351          <listitem>
     2352            <para>
     2353              <emphasis role="bold">Raw File:</emphasis> Send the
     2354              virtual serial port output to a file. This option is very
     2355              useful for capturing diagnostic output from a guest. Any
     2356              file may be used for this purpose, as long as the user
     2357              running &product-name; has sufficient privileges to create
     2358              and write to the file.
     2359            </para>
     2360          </listitem>
     2361
     2362          <listitem>
     2363            <para>
     2364              <emphasis role="bold">TCP Socket:</emphasis> Useful for
     2365              forwarding serial traffic over TCP/IP, acting as a server,
     2366              or it can act as a TCP client connecting to other servers.
     2367              This option enables a remote machine to directly connect
     2368              to the guest's serial port using TCP.
    16762369            </para>
    16772370
     
    16802373              <listitem>
    16812374                <para>
    1682                   TCP Server: Uncheck the <emphasis>Connect to existing
    1683                   pipe/socket</emphasis> checkbox and specify the
    1684                   <emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>port</computeroutput></emphasis>
    1685                   number. Typically 23 or 2023. Note that on UNIX-like
     2375                  <emphasis role="bold">TCP Server:</emphasis> Deselect
     2376                  the <emphasis role="bold">Connect to Existing
     2377                  Pipe/Socket</emphasis> check box and specify the port
     2378                  number in the
     2379                  <emphasis role="bold">Path/Address</emphasis> field.
     2380                  This is typically 23 or 2023. Note that on UNIX-like
    16862381                  systems you will have to use a port a number greater
    16872382                  than 1024 for regular users.
     
    16902385                <para>
    16912386                  The client can use software such as
    1692                   <computeroutput>PuTTY</computeroutput> or the
    1693                   <computeroutput>telnet</computeroutput> command line
    1694                   tool to access the TCP Server.
     2387                  <command>PuTTY</command> or the
     2388                  <command>telnet</command> command line tool to access
     2389                  the TCP Server.
    16952390                </para>
    16962391              </listitem>
     
    16982393              <listitem>
    16992394                <para>
    1700                   TCP Client: To create a virtual null-modem cable over
    1701                   the Internet or LAN, the other side can connect via
    1702                   TCP by specifying
    1703                   <computeroutput>hostname:port</computeroutput>. The
    1704                   TCP socket will act in client mode if you check the
    1705                   <emphasis role="bold">Connect to existing
    1706                   pipe/socket</emphasis> checkbox.
     2395                  <emphasis role="bold">TCP Client:</emphasis> To create
     2396                  a virtual null-modem cable over the Internet or LAN,
     2397                  the other side can connect using TCP by specifying
     2398                  <computeroutput>hostname:port</computeroutput> in the
     2399                  <emphasis role="bold">Path/Address</emphasis> field.
     2400                  The TCP socket will act in client mode if you select
     2401                  the <emphasis role="bold">Connect to Existing
     2402                  Pipe/Socket</emphasis> check box.
    17072403                </para>
    17082404              </listitem>
     
    17192415      Up to four serial ports can be configured per virtual machine, but
    17202416      you can pick any port numbers out of the above. However, serial
    1721       ports cannot reliably share interrupts; if both ports are to be
     2417      ports cannot reliably share interrupts. If both ports are to be
    17222418      used at the same time, they must use different interrupt levels,
    17232419      for example COM1 and COM2, but not COM1 and COM3.
     
    17352431
    17362432      <para>
    1737         The USB section in a virtual machine's Settings window enables
    1738         you to configure VirtualBox's sophisticated USB support.
    1739       </para>
    1740 
    1741       <para>
    1742         VirtualBox can enable virtual machines to access the USB devices
    1743         on your host directly. To achieve this, VirtualBox presents the
    1744         guest operating system with a virtual USB controller. As soon as
    1745         the guest system starts using a USB device, it will appear as
    1746         unavailable on the host.
     2433        The <emphasis role="bold">USB</emphasis> section in a virtual
     2434        machine's <emphasis role="bold">Settings</emphasis> window
     2435        enables you to configure &product-name;'s sophisticated USB
     2436        support.
     2437      </para>
     2438
     2439      <para>
     2440        &product-name; can enable virtual machines to access the USB
     2441        devices on your host directly. To achieve this, &product-name;
     2442        presents the guest operating system with a virtual USB
     2443        controller. As soon as the guest system starts using a USB
     2444        device, it will appear as unavailable on the host.
    17472445      </para>
    17482446
     
    17532451            <para>
    17542452              Be careful with USB devices that are currently in use on
    1755               the host! For example, if you allow your guest to connect
     2453              the host. For example, if you allow your guest to connect
    17562454              to your USB hard disk that is currently mounted on the
    17572455              host, when the guest is activated, it will be disconnected
     
    17632461          <listitem>
    17642462            <para>
    1765               Solaris hosts have a few known limitations regarding USB
    1766               support. See <xref linkend="KnownIssues" />.
     2463              Oracle Solaris hosts have a few known limitations
     2464              regarding USB support. See <xref linkend="KnownIssues" />.
    17672465            </para>
    17682466          </listitem>
     
    17732471      <para>
    17742472        In addition to allowing a guest access to your local USB
    1775         devices, VirtualBox even allows your guests to connect to remote
    1776         USB devices by use of the VirtualBox Remote Desktop Extension
    1777         (VRDE). See <xref linkend="usb-over-rdp" />.
    1778       </para>
    1779 
    1780       <para>
    1781         In the Settings dialog, you can first configure whether USB is
    1782         available in the guest at all, and then choose the level of USB
    1783         support: OHCI for USB 1.1, EHCI (which will also enable OHCI)
    1784         for USB 2.0, or xHCI for all USB speeds.
    1785       </para>
    1786 
    1787       <note>
    1788         <para>
    1789           The xHCI and EHCI controllers are shipped as a VirtualBox
    1790           extension package, which must be installed separately. See
    1791           <xref
    1792           linkend="intro-installing" />.
    1793         </para>
    1794       </note>
    1795 
    1796       <para>
    1797         When USB support is enabled for a VM, you can determine in
    1798         detail which devices will be automatically attached to the
    1799         guest. For this, you can create so-called "filters" by
    1800         specifying certain properties of the USB device. USB devices
    1801         with a matching filter will be automatically passed to the guest
    1802         once they are attached to the host. USB devices without a
    1803         matching filter can be passed manually to the guest, for example
    1804         by using the <emphasis role="bold">Devices</emphasis>,
    1805         <emphasis role="bold">USB</emphasis> menu.
    1806       </para>
    1807 
    1808       <para>
    1809         Clicking on the <emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis> button to the
    1810         right of the <emphasis role="bold">USB Device Filters</emphasis>
    1811         window creates a new filter. You can give the filter a name, for
    1812         later reference, and specify the filter criteria. The more
    1813         criteria you specify, the more precisely devices will be
    1814         selected. For instance, if you specify only a vendor ID of 046d,
    1815         all devices produced by Logitech will be available to the guest.
    1816         If you fill in all fields, on the other hand, the filter will
    1817         only apply to a particular device model from a particular
    1818         vendor, and not even to other devices of the same type with a
    1819         different revision and serial number.
    1820       </para>
    1821 
    1822       <para>
    1823         In detail, the following criteria are available:
     2473        devices, &product-name; even enables your guests to connect to
     2474        remote USB devices by use of the VirtualBox Remote Desktop
     2475        Extension (VRDE). See <xref linkend="usb-over-rdp" />.
     2476      </para>
     2477
     2478      <para>
     2479        To enable USB for a VM, select the <emphasis role="bold">Enable
     2480        USB Controller</emphasis> check box. The following settings are
     2481        available:
    18242482      </para>
    18252483
     
    18282486        <listitem>
    18292487          <para>
    1830             <emphasis role="bold">Vendor and product ID</emphasis>. With
    1831             USB, each vendor of USB products carries an identification
    1832             number that is unique world-wide, called the
    1833             <emphasis>vendor ID</emphasis>. Similarly, each line of
    1834             products is assigned a <emphasis>product ID</emphasis>
    1835             number. Both numbers are commonly written in hexadecimal
    1836             (that is, they are composed of the numbers 0-9 and the
    1837             letters A-F), and a colon separates the vendor from the
    1838             product ID. For example,
    1839             <computeroutput>046d:c016</computeroutput> stands for
    1840             Logitech as a vendor, and the M-UV69a Optical Wheel Mouse
    1841             product.
    1842           </para>
    1843 
    1844           <para>
    1845             Alternatively, you can also specify
    1846             <emphasis
    1847           role="bold">Manufacturer</emphasis> and
    1848             <emphasis
    1849           role="bold">Product</emphasis> by name.
    1850           </para>
    1851 
    1852           <para>
    1853             To list all the USB devices that are connected to your host
    1854             machine with their respective vendor IDs and product IDs,
    1855             use the following command:
     2488            <emphasis role="bold">USB Controller:</emphasis> Selects a
     2489            controller with the specified level of USB support, as
     2490            follows:
     2491          </para>
     2492
     2493          <itemizedlist>
     2494
     2495            <listitem>
     2496              <para>
     2497                OHCI for USB 1.1
     2498              </para>
     2499            </listitem>
     2500
     2501            <listitem>
     2502              <para>
     2503                EHCI for USB 2.0. This also enables OHCI.
     2504              </para>
     2505            </listitem>
     2506
     2507            <listitem>
     2508              <para>
     2509                xHCI for USB 3.0. This supports all USB speeds.
     2510              </para>
     2511            </listitem>
     2512
     2513          </itemizedlist>
     2514
     2515          <note>
     2516            <para>
     2517              The xHCI and EHCI controllers are shipped as an
     2518              &product-name; extension package, which must be installed
     2519              separately. See <xref linkend="intro-installing" />.
     2520            </para>
     2521          </note>
     2522        </listitem>
     2523
     2524        <listitem>
     2525          <para>
     2526            <emphasis role="bold">USB Device Filters:</emphasis> When
     2527            USB support is enabled for a VM, you can determine in detail
     2528            which devices will be automatically attached to the guest.
     2529            For this, you can create filters by specifying certain
     2530            properties of the USB device. USB devices with a matching
     2531            filter will be automatically passed to the guest once they
     2532            are attached to the host. USB devices without a matching
     2533            filter can be passed manually to the guest, for example by
     2534            using the <emphasis role="bold">Devices</emphasis>,
     2535            <emphasis role="bold">USB</emphasis> menu.
     2536          </para>
     2537
     2538          <para>
     2539            Clicking on the <emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis> button to
     2540            the right of the <emphasis role="bold">USB Device
     2541            Filters</emphasis> window creates a new filter. You can give
     2542            the filter a name, for later reference, and specify the
     2543            filter criteria. The more criteria you specify, the more
     2544            precisely devices will be selected. For instance, if you
     2545            specify only a vendor ID of 046d, all devices produced by
     2546            Logitech will be available to the guest. If you fill in all
     2547            fields, on the other hand, the filter will only apply to a
     2548            particular device model from a particular vendor, and not
     2549            even to other devices of the same type with a different
     2550            revision and serial number.
     2551          </para>
     2552
     2553          <para>
     2554            In detail, the following criteria are available:
     2555          </para>
     2556
     2557          <itemizedlist>
     2558
     2559            <listitem>
     2560              <para>
     2561                <emphasis role="bold">Vendor and Product ID.</emphasis>
     2562                With USB, each vendor of USB products carries an
     2563                identification number that is unique world-wide, called
     2564                the <emphasis>vendor ID</emphasis>. Similarly, each line
     2565                of products is assigned a <emphasis>product
     2566                ID</emphasis> number. Both numbers are commonly written
     2567                in hexadecimal, and a colon separates the vendor from
     2568                the product ID. For example,
     2569                <computeroutput>046d:c016</computeroutput> stands for
     2570                Logitech as a vendor, and the M-UV69a Optical Wheel
     2571                Mouse product.
     2572              </para>
     2573
     2574              <para>
     2575                Alternatively, you can also specify
     2576                <emphasis role="bold">Manufacturer</emphasis> and
     2577                <emphasis role="bold">Product</emphasis> by name.
     2578              </para>
     2579
     2580              <para>
     2581                To list all the USB devices that are connected to your
     2582                host machine with their respective vendor IDs and
     2583                product IDs, use the following command:
     2584              </para>
    18562585
    18572586<screen>VBoxManage list usbhost</screen>
    1858           </para>
    1859 
    1860           <para>
    1861             On Windows, you can also see all USB devices that are
    1862             attached to your system in the Device Manager. On Linux, you
    1863             can use the <computeroutput>lsusb</computeroutput> command.
    1864           </para>
    1865         </listitem>
    1866 
    1867         <listitem>
    1868           <para>
    1869             <emphasis role="bold">Serial number</emphasis>. While vendor
    1870             ID and product ID are quite specific to identify USB
    1871             devices, if you have two identical devices of the same brand
    1872             and product line, you will also need their serial numbers to
    1873             filter them out correctly.
    1874           </para>
    1875         </listitem>
    1876 
    1877         <listitem>
    1878           <para>
    1879             <emphasis role="bold">Remote</emphasis>. This setting
    1880             specifies whether the device will be local only, remote only
    1881             (such as over VRDP), or either.
     2587
     2588              <para>
     2589                On Windows, you can also see all USB devices that are
     2590                attached to your system in the Device Manager. On Linux,
     2591                you can use the <command>lsusb</command> command.
     2592              </para>
     2593            </listitem>
     2594
     2595            <listitem>
     2596              <para>
     2597                <emphasis role="bold">Serial Number.</emphasis> While
     2598                vendor ID and product ID are quite specific to identify
     2599                USB devices, if you have two identical devices of the
     2600                same brand and product line, you will also need their
     2601                serial numbers to filter them out correctly.
     2602              </para>
     2603            </listitem>
     2604
     2605            <listitem>
     2606              <para>
     2607                <emphasis role="bold">Remote.</emphasis> This setting
     2608                specifies whether the device will be local only, remote
     2609                only, such as over VRDP, or either.
     2610              </para>
     2611            </listitem>
     2612
     2613          </itemizedlist>
     2614
     2615          <para>
     2616            On a Windows host, you will need to unplug and reconnect a
     2617            USB device to use it after creating a filter for it.
     2618          </para>
     2619
     2620          <para>
     2621            As an example, you could create a new USB filter and specify
     2622            a vendor ID of 046d for Logitech, Inc, a manufacturer index
     2623            of 1, and "not remote". Then any USB devices on the host
     2624            system produced by Logitech, Inc with a manufacturer index
     2625            of 1 will be visible to the guest system.
     2626          </para>
     2627
     2628          <para>
     2629            Several filters can select a single device. For example, a
     2630            filter which selects all Logitech devices, and one which
     2631            selects a particular webcam.
     2632          </para>
     2633
     2634          <para>
     2635            You can deactivate filters without deleting them by
     2636            deselecting the check box next to the filter name.
    18822637          </para>
    18832638        </listitem>
     
    18852640      </itemizedlist>
    18862641
    1887       <para>
    1888         On a Windows host, you will need to unplug and reconnect a USB
    1889         device to use it after creating a filter for it.
    1890       </para>
    1891 
    1892       <para>
    1893         As an example, you could create a new USB filter and specify a
    1894         vendor ID of 046d (Logitech, Inc), a manufacturer index of 1,
    1895         and "not remote". Then any USB devices on the host system
    1896         produced by Logitech, Inc with a manufacturer index of 1 will be
    1897         visible to the guest system.
    1898       </para>
    1899 
    1900       <para>
    1901         Several filters can select a single device. For example, a
    1902         filter which selects all Logitech devices, and one which selects
    1903         a particular webcam.
    1904       </para>
    1905 
    1906       <para>
    1907         You can deactivate filters without deleting them by clicking in
    1908         the checkbox next to the filter name.
    1909       </para>
    1910 
    19112642    </sect2>
    19122643
     
    19172648      <para>
    19182649        On Windows hosts, a kernel mode device driver provides USB proxy
    1919         support. It implements both a USB monitor, which allows
    1920         VirtualBox to capture devices when they are plugged in, and a
    1921         USB device driver to claim USB devices for a particular virtual
    1922         machine. As opposed to VirtualBox versions before 1.4.0, system
    1923         reboots are no longer necessary after installing the driver.
    1924         Also, you no longer need to replug devices for VirtualBox to
    1925         claim them.
    1926       </para>
    1927 
    1928       <para>
    1929         On newer Linux hosts, VirtualBox accesses USB devices through
    1930         special files in the file system. When VirtualBox is installed,
    1931         these are made available to all users in the
     2650        support. It implements both a USB monitor, which enables
     2651        &product-name; to capture devices when they are plugged in, and
     2652        a USB device driver to claim USB devices for a particular
     2653        virtual machine. As opposed to &product-name; versions before
     2654        1.4.0, system reboots are no longer necessary after installing
     2655        the driver. Also, you no longer need to replug devices for
     2656        &product-name; to claim them.
     2657      </para>
     2658
     2659      <para>
     2660        On newer Linux hosts, &product-name; accesses USB devices
     2661        through special files in the file system. When &product-name; is
     2662        installed, these are made available to all users in the
    19322663        <computeroutput>vboxusers</computeroutput> system group. In
    19332664        order to be able to access USB from guest systems, make sure
     
    19382669        On older Linux hosts, USB devices are accessed using the
    19392670        <computeroutput>usbfs</computeroutput> file system. Therefore,
    1940         the user executing VirtualBox needs read and write permission to
    1941         the USB file system. Most distributions provide a group (e.g.
    1942         <computeroutput>usbusers</computeroutput>) which the VirtualBox
    1943         user needs to be added to. Also, VirtualBox can only proxy to
    1944         virtual machines USB devices which are not claimed by a Linux
    1945         host USB driver. The <computeroutput>Driver=</computeroutput>
    1946         entry in <computeroutput>/proc/bus/usb/devices</computeroutput>
    1947         will show you which devices are currently claimed. See also
     2671        the user executing &product-name; needs read and write
     2672        permission to the USB file system. Most distributions provide a
     2673        group, such as <computeroutput>usbusers</computeroutput>, which
     2674        the &product-name; user needs to be added to. Also,
     2675        &product-name; can only proxy to virtual machines USB devices
     2676        which are not claimed by a Linux host USB driver. The
     2677        <computeroutput>Driver=</computeroutput> entry in
     2678        <computeroutput>/proc/bus/usb/devices</computeroutput> will show
     2679        you which devices are currently claimed. See also
    19482680        <xref
    19492681      linkend="ts_usb-linux" /> for details about
     
    19622694      Shared folders enable you to easily exchange data between a
    19632695      virtual machine and your host. This feature requires that the
    1964       VirtualBox Guest Additions be installed in a virtual machine and
    1965       is described in detail in <xref linkend="sharedfolders" />.
     2696      &product-name; Guest Additions be installed in a virtual machine
     2697      and is described in detail in <xref linkend="sharedfolders" />.
    19662698    </para>
    19672699
     
    19732705
    19742706    <para>
    1975       The User Interface section allows you to change certain aspects of
    1976       the user interface of this VM.
     2707      The <emphasis role="bold">User Interface</emphasis> section
     2708      enables you to change certain aspects of the user interface of
     2709      this VM.
    19772710    </para>
    19782711
     
    19832716          <emphasis role="bold">Menu Bar:</emphasis> This widget enables
    19842717          you to disable menus by clicking on the menu to release it,
    1985           menu entries by unchecking the checkbox of the entry to
    1986           disable it and the complete menu bar by unchecking the
    1987           rightmost checkbox.
     2718          menu entries by deselecting the check box of the entry to
     2719          disable it and the complete menu bar by deselecting the
     2720          rightmost check box.
    19882721        </para>
    19892722      </listitem>
     
    19922725        <para>
    19932726          <emphasis role="bold">Mini ToolBar:</emphasis> In full screen
    1994           or seamless mode, VirtualBox can display a small toolbar that
    1995           contains some of the items that are normally available from
    1996           the virtual machine's menu bar. This toolbar reduces itself to
    1997           a small gray line unless you move the mouse over it. With the
    1998           toolbar, you can return from full screen or seamless mode,
    1999           control machine execution or enable certain devices. If you do
    2000           not want to see the toolbar, disable this setting.
     2727          or seamless mode, &product-name; can display a small toolbar
     2728          that contains some of the items that are normally available
     2729          from the virtual machine's menu bar. This toolbar reduces
     2730          itself to a small gray line unless you move the mouse over it.
     2731          With the toolbar, you can return from full screen or seamless
     2732          mode, control machine execution or enable certain devices. If
     2733          you do not want to see the toolbar, disable this setting.
    20012734        </para>
    20022735
     
    20102743        <para>
    20112744          <emphasis role="bold">Status Bar:</emphasis> This widget
    2012           allows you to disable icons on the status bar by unchecking
    2013           the checkbox of an icon to disable it, to rearrange icons by
     2745          enables you to disable icons on the status bar by deselecting
     2746          the check box of an icon to disable it, to rearrange icons by
    20142747          dragging and dropping the icon, and to disable the complete
    2015           status bar by unchecking the leftmost checkbox.
     2748          status bar by deselecting the leftmost check box.
    20162749        </para>
    20172750      </listitem>
     
    20262759
    20272760    <para>
    2028       Starting with release 3.1, VirtualBox includes experimental
    2029       support for the Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI), which is a
    2030       new industry standard intended to eventually replace the legacy
    2031       BIOS as the primary interface for bootstrapping computers and
    2032       certain system services later.
    2033     </para>
    2034 
    2035     <para>
    2036       By default, VirtualBox uses the BIOS firmware for virtual
     2761      &product-name; includes experimental support for the Extensible
     2762      Firmware Interface (EFI), which is a new industry standard
     2763      intended to eventually replace the legacy BIOS as the primary
     2764      interface for bootstrapping computers and certain system services
     2765      later.
     2766    </para>
     2767
     2768    <para>
     2769      By default, &product-name; uses the BIOS firmware for virtual
    20372770      machines. To use EFI for a given virtual machine, you can enable
    2038       EFI in the machine's Settings dialog. See
    2039       <xref linkend="settings-motherboard" />. Alternatively, use the
    2040       <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput> command line interface
    2041       as follows:
     2771      EFI in the machine's <emphasis role="bold">Settings</emphasis>
     2772      dialog. See <xref linkend="settings-motherboard"/>. Alternatively,
     2773      use the <command>VBoxManage</command> command line interface as
     2774      follows:
    20422775    </para>
    20432776
     
    20512784
    20522785    <para>
    2053       One notable user of EFI is Apple's Mac OS X, but more recent
    2054       Linuxes and Windows, starting with Vista, offer special versions
    2055       that can be booted using EFI as well.
    2056     </para>
    2057 
    2058     <para>
    2059       Another possible use of EFI in VirtualBox is development and
     2786      One notable user of EFI is Apple Mac OS X. More recent Linux
     2787      versions and Windows releases, starting with Vista, also offer
     2788      special versions that can be booted using EFI.
     2789    </para>
     2790
     2791    <para>
     2792      Another possible use of EFI in &product-name; is development and
    20602793      testing of EFI applications, without booting any OS.
    20612794    </para>
    20622795
    20632796    <para>
    2064       Note that the VirtualBox EFI support is experimental and will be
    2065       enhanced as EFI matures and becomes more widespread. Mac OS X,
     2797      Note that the &product-name; EFI support is experimental and will
     2798      be enhanced as EFI matures and becomes more widespread. Mac OS X,
    20662799      Linux, and newer Windows guests are known to work fine. Windows 7
    2067       guests are unable to boot with the VirtualBox EFI implementation.
     2800      guests are unable to boot with the &product-name; EFI
     2801      implementation.
    20682802    </para>
    20692803
     
    20762810        Protocol) and UGA (Universal Graphics Adapter). Modern operating
    20772811        systems, such as Mac OS X, generally use GOP, while some older
    2078         ones still use UGA. VirtualBox provides a configuration option
    2079         to control the graphics resolution for both interfaces, making
    2080         the difference mostly irrelevant for users.
     2812        ones still use UGA. &product-name; provides a configuration
     2813        option to control the graphics resolution for both interfaces,
     2814        making the difference mostly irrelevant for users.
    20812815      </para>
    20822816
     
    20842818        The default resolution is 1024x768. To select a graphics
    20852819        resolution for EFI, use the following
    2086         <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput> command:
     2820        <command>VBoxManage</command> command:
    20872821      </para>
    20882822
     
    24733207        If this list of default resolution does not cover your needs,
    24743208        see <xref linkend="customvesa" />. Note that the color depth
    2475         value specified in a custom video mode must be specified (8, 16,
    2476         24 and 32 are accepted), but it is silently assumed to be 32 by
    2477         EFI.
     3209        value specified in a custom video mode must be specified. Color
     3210        depths of 8, 16, 24, and 32 are accepted. EFI assumes a color
     3211        depth of 32 by default.
    24783212      </para>
    24793213
     
    24963230        "VBoxInternal2/EfiBootArgs" extradata can be passed to a VM in
    24973231        order to set the "boot-args" variable. To change the "boot-args"
    2498         EFI variable:
     3232        EFI variable, use the following command:
     3233      </para>
    24993234
    25003235<screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" VBoxInternal2/EfiBootArgs &lt;value&gt;</screen>
    2501       </para>
    25023236
    25033237    </sect2>
  • trunk/doc/manual/en_US/user_ChangeLog.xml

    r73276 r76078  
    55%all.entities;
    66]>
     7<chapter id="ChangeLog">
    78
    8 <chapter id="ChangeLog">
    99  <title>Change Log</title>
    1010
    11   <para>This section summarizes the changes between VirtualBox versions. Note
    12   that this change log is not exhaustive and not all changes are listed.</para>
     11  <para>
     12    This section summarizes the changes between VirtualBox versions.
     13    Note that this change log is not exhaustive and not all changes are
     14    listed.
     15  </para>
    1316
    14   <para>VirtualBox version numbers consist of three numbers separated by dots
    15   where the first and second number represent the major version and the 3rd number
    16   the minor version. Minor version numbers of official releases are always even.
    17   An odd minor version number represents an internal development or test build.
    18   In addition, each build contains a revision number.</para>
     17  <para>
     18    VirtualBox version numbers consist of three numbers separated by
     19    dots where the first and second number represent the major version
     20    and the third number the minor version. Minor version numbers of
     21    official releases are always even. An odd minor version number
     22    represents an internal development or test build. In addition, each
     23    build contains a revision number.
     24  </para>
    1925
    2026  <xi:include href="user_ChangeLogImpl.xml" xpointer="xpointer(/chapter/*)"
     
    2228
    2329  <sect1 id="change-log-older">
    24     <title>Older Change Log Details</title>
    25     <para>With VirtualBox 5.0, changelog information for versions before 4.3
    26     was removed in order to save space. To access this information, please
    27     consult the User Manual of VirtualBox version 4.3 or earlier.</para>
     30
     31    <title>Change Logs for Legacy Versions</title>
     32
     33    <para>
     34      To view the change log for a legacy version of VirtualBox see the
     35      documentation for the relevant VirtualBox release.
     36    </para>
     37
     38    <para>
     39      Change logs are also available at:
     40    </para>
     41
     42    <para>
     43      <ulink url="https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Changelog">https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Changelog</ulink>.
     44    </para>
     45
    2846  </sect1>
    2947
  • trunk/doc/manual/en_US/user_Frontends.xml

    r73276 r76078  
    1414
    1515    <para>
    16       VirtualBox can display virtual machines remotely, meaning that a
    17       virtual machine can execute on one computer even though the
     16      &product-name; can display virtual machines remotely, meaning that
     17      a virtual machine can execute on one computer even though the
    1818      machine will be displayed on a second computer, and the machine
    1919      will be controlled from there as well, as if the virtual machine
     
    2222
    2323    <para>
    24       For maximum flexibility, starting with VirtualBox 4.0, VirtualBox
    25       implements remote machine display through a generic extension
    26       interface, the VirtualBox Remote Desktop Extension (VRDE). The
    27       base open source VirtualBox package only provides this interface,
    28       while implementations can be supplied by third parties with
    29       VirtualBox extension packages, which must be installed separately
    30       from the base package. See
    31       <xref
    32     linkend="intro-installing" />.
     24      For maximum flexibility, &product-name; implements remote machine
     25      display through a generic extension interface called the
     26      VirtualBox Remote Desktop Extension (VRDE). The base open source
     27      &product-name; package only provides this interface, while
     28      implementations can be supplied by third parties with
     29      &product-name; extension packages, which must be installed
     30      separately from the base package. See
     31      <xref linkend="intro-installing" />.
    3332    </para>
    3433
    3534    <para>
    3635      Oracle provides support for the VirtualBox Remote Display Protocol
    37       (VRDP) in such a VirtualBox extension package. When this package
    38       is installed, VirtualBox versions 4.0 and later support VRDP the
    39       same way as binary (non-open source) versions of VirtualBox before
    40       4.0 did.
     36      (VRDP) in such an &product-name; extension package. When this
     37      package is installed, &product-name; versions 4.0 and later
     38      support VRDP the same way as binary, non-open source, versions of
     39      &product-name; before 4.0 did.
    4140    </para>
    4241
     
    5049      Even when the extension is installed, the VRDP server is disabled
    5150      by default. It can easily be enabled on a per-VM basis either in
    52       the VirtualBox Manager in the Display settings, see
    53       <xref
    54     linkend="settings-display" />, or with
    55       <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput>:
     51      the VirtualBox Manager in the
     52      <emphasis role="bold">Display</emphasis> settings, see
     53      <xref linkend="settings-display" />, or with the
     54      <command>VBoxManage</command> command, as follows:
    5655    </para>
    5756
     
    7069
    7170    <para>
    72       The port can be changed either in the Display settings of the
    73       graphical user interface or with
    74       <computeroutput>--vrdeport</computeroutput> option of the
    75       <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm</computeroutput> command. You
    76       can specify a comma-separated list of ports or ranges of ports.
    77       Use a dash between two port numbers to specify a range. The VRDP
    78       server will bind to <emphasis>one</emphasis> of the available
    79       ports from the specified list. For example,
    80       <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --vrdeport
    81       5000,5010-5012</computeroutput> will configure the server to bind
    82       to one of the ports 5000, 5010, 5011, or 5012. See
    83       <xref
    84     linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm-vrde" />.
     71      The port can be changed either in the
     72      <emphasis role="bold">Display</emphasis> settings of the graphical
     73      user interface or with the <option>--vrdeport</option> option of
     74      the <command>VBoxManage modifyvm</command> command. You can
     75      specify a comma-separated list of ports or ranges of ports. Use a
     76      dash between two port numbers to specify a range. The VRDP server
     77      will bind to <emphasis>one</emphasis> of the available ports from
     78      the specified list. For example, <computeroutput>VBoxManage
     79      modifyvm "VM name" --vrdeport 5000,5010-5012</computeroutput> will
     80      configure the server to bind to one of the ports 5000, 5010, 5011,
     81      or 5012. See <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm-vrde" />.
    8582    </para>
    8683
    8784    <para>
    8885      The actual port used by a running VM can be either queried with
    89       the <computeroutput>VBoxManage showvminfo</computeroutput> command
    90       or seen in the GUI on the Runtime tab of the Session Information
    91       dialog, which is accessible via the Machine menu of the VM window.
    92     </para>
    93 
    94     <para>
    95       Support for IPv6 has been implemented in VirtualBox 4.3. If the
    96       host OS supports IPv6 the VRDP server will automatically listen
    97       for IPv6 connections in addition to IPv4.
     86      the <command>VBoxManage showvminfo</command> command or seen in
     87      the GUI on the <emphasis role="bold">Runtime</emphasis> tab of the
     88      <emphasis role="bold">Session Information</emphasis> dialog, which
     89      is accessible from the <emphasis role="bold">Machine</emphasis>
     90      menu of the VM window.
     91    </para>
     92
     93    <para>
     94      Support for IPv6 has been implemented in &product-name; 4.3. If
     95      the host OS supports IPv6 the VRDP server will automatically
     96      listen for IPv6 connections in addition to IPv4.
    9897    </para>
    9998
     
    120119          <para>
    121120            On Windows, you can use the Microsoft Terminal Services
    122             Connector, <computeroutput>mstsc.exe</computeroutput>, that
    123             is included with Windows. Press the
    124             <emphasis role="bold">Windows key + R</emphasis>, to display
    125             the Run dialog. Enter <command>mstsc</command> to start the
    126             program. You can also find the program in
    127             <emphasis role="bold">Start</emphasis>,
     121            Connector, <command>mstsc.exe</command>, that is included
     122            with Windows. Press the Windows key + R, to display the
     123            <emphasis role="bold">Run</emphasis> dialog. Enter
     124            <command>mstsc</command> to start the program. You can also
     125            find the program in <emphasis role="bold">Start</emphasis>,
    128126            <emphasis role="bold">All Programs</emphasis>,
    129127            <emphasis role="bold">Accessories</emphasis>,
    130128            <emphasis role="bold">Remote Desktop Connection</emphasis>.
    131             If you use the Run dialog, you can type in options directly.
    132             For example:
     129            If you use the <emphasis role="bold">Run</emphasis> dialog,
     130            you can enter options directly. For example:
    133131          </para>
    134132
     
    158156                  <computeroutput>localhost</computeroutput> and
    159157                  <computeroutput>127.0.0.1</computeroutput> might not
    160                   work using <computeroutput>mstsc.exe</computeroutput>.
    161                   Instead, the address
     158                  work using <command>mstsc.exe</command>. Instead, the
     159                  address
    162160                  <computeroutput>127.0.0.2[:3389]</computeroutput> has
    163161                  to be used.
     
    172170          <para>
    173171            On other systems, you can use the standard open source
    174             <computeroutput>rdesktop</computeroutput> program. This
    175             ships with most Linux distributions, but VirtualBox also
    176             comes with a modified variant of rdesktop for remote USB
    177             support. See <xref
    178             linkend="usb-over-rdp" />.
    179           </para>
    180 
    181           <para>
    182             With rdesktop, use a command line such as the following:
     172            <command>rdesktop</command> program. This ships with most
     173            Linux distributions, but &product-name; also comes with a
     174            modified variant of <command>rdesktop</command> for remote
     175            USB support. See <xref linkend="usb-over-rdp" />.
     176          </para>
     177
     178          <para>
     179            With <command>rdesktop</command>, use a command line such as
     180            the following:
    183181          </para>
    184182
     
    200198        <listitem>
    201199          <para>
     200            The Remmina remote desktop client can be used with VRDP.
     201            This application is included with some Linux distributions,
     202            such as Debian and Ubuntu.
     203          </para>
     204        </listitem>
     205
     206        <listitem>
     207          <para>
    202208            If you run the KDE desktop, you can use
    203209            <computeroutput>krdc</computeroutput>, the KDE RDP viewer. A
     
    218224          <para>
    219225            With Sun Ray thin clients you can use
    220             <computeroutput>uttsc</computeroutput>, which is part of the
    221             Sun Ray Windows Connector package. See the Sun Ray
    222             documentation for details.
     226            <command>uttsc</command>, which is part of the Sun Ray
     227            Windows Connector package. See the Sun Ray documentation for
     228            details.
    223229          </para>
    224230        </listitem>
     
    240246        all your VMs are supposed to run remotely over VRDP, then it is
    241247        pointless to have a graphical user interface on the server at
    242         all. This is especially true for Linux or Solaris hosts, as the
    243         VirtualBox manager comes with dependencies on the Qt and SDL
    244         libraries. This is inconvenient if you would rather not have the
    245         X Window system on your server at all.
    246       </para>
    247 
    248       <para>
    249         VirtualBox therefore comes with a front-end called
     248        all. This is especially true for Linux or Oracle Solaris hosts,
     249        as the VirtualBox Manager comes with dependencies on the Qt and
     250        SDL libraries. This is inconvenient if you would rather not have
     251        the X Window system on your server at all.
     252      </para>
     253
     254      <para>
     255        &product-name; therefore comes with a front-end called
    250256        <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput>, which produces no
    251257        visible output on the host at all, but still can deliver VRDP
    252258        data. This front-end has no dependencies on the X Window system
    253         on Linux and Solaris hosts.
    254 
    255         <footnote>
    256 
    257           <para>
    258             Before VirtualBox 1.6, the headless server was called
    259             <computeroutput>VBoxVRDP</computeroutput>. For the sake of
    260             backwards compatibility, the VirtualBox installation still
    261             installs an executable with that name as well.
    262           </para>
    263 
    264         </footnote>
    265       </para>
     259        on Linux and Oracle Solaris hosts.
     260      </para>
     261
     262      <note>
     263        <para>
     264          Before &product-name; 1.6, the headless server was called
     265          <computeroutput>VBoxVRDP</computeroutput>. For the sake of
     266          backwards compatibility, the &product-name; installation still
     267          installs an executable with that name as well.
     268        </para>
     269      </note>
    266270
    267271      <para>
     
    275279        <listitem>
    276280          <para>
    277             Use the <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput> command,
    278             as follows:
     281            Use the <command>VBoxManage</command> command, as follows:
    279282          </para>
    280283
     
    283286          <para>
    284287            The <computeroutput>--type</computeroutput> option causes
    285             VirtualBox to use
     288            &product-name; to use
    286289            <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput> as the
    287290            front-end to the internal virtualization engine, instead of
     
    292295        <listitem>
    293296          <para>
    294             Use the <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput>
    295             command, as follows:
     297            Use the <command>VBoxHeadless</command> command, as follows:
    296298          </para>
    297299
     
    300302          <para>
    301303            This way of starting the VM helps troubleshooting problems
    302             reported by <computeroutput>VBoxManage startvm
    303             </computeroutput>, because you can sometimes see more
    304             detailed error messages, especially for early failures
    305             before the VM execution is started. In normal situations
    306             <computeroutput>VBoxManage startvm</computeroutput> is
    307             preferred, since it runs the VM directly as a background
    308             process which has to be done explicitly when directly
    309             starting <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput>.
     304            reported by <command>VBoxManage startvm</command>, because
     305            you can sometimes see more detailed error messages,
     306            especially for early failures before the VM execution is
     307            started. In normal situations <command>VBoxManage
     308            startvm</command> is preferred, since it runs the VM
     309            directly as a background process which has to be done
     310            explicitly when directly starting with
     311            <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput>.
    310312          </para>
    311313        </listitem>
     
    314316          <para>
    315317            Start <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput> from the
    316             VirtualBox Manager GUI, by holding the Shift key when
     318            VirtualBox Manager GUI, by pressing the Shift key when
    317319            starting a virtual machine or by selecting
    318320            <emphasis role="bold">Headless Start</emphasis> from the
     
    324326
    325327      <para>
    326         Since VirtualBox version 5.0, when you use
    327         <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput> to start a VM, the
    328         VRDP server will be enabled according to the VM configuration.
    329         You can override the VM's setting using
     328        When you use the <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput>
     329        command to start a VM, the VRDP server will be enabled according
     330        to the VM configuration. You can override the VM's setting using
    330331        <computeroutput>--vrde</computeroutput> command line parameter.
    331         To enable the VRDP server start the VM like this:
     332        To enable the VRDP server, start the VM as follows:
     333      </para>
    332334
    333335<screen>VBoxHeadless --startvm &lt;uuid|name&gt; --vrde on</screen>
    334336
     337      <para>
    335338        To disable the VRDP server:
     339      </para>
    336340
    337341<screen>VBoxHeadless --startvm &lt;uuid|name&gt; --vrde off</screen>
    338342
     343      <para>
    339344        To have the VRDP server enabled depending on the VM
    340         configuration, as the other front-ends would, you can use:
     345        configuration, as for other front-ends:
     346      </para>
    341347
    342348<screen>VBoxHeadless --startvm &lt;uuid|name&gt; --vrde config</screen>
    343349
    344         This command is the same as:
     350      <para>
     351        This command is the same as the following:
     352      </para>
    345353
    346354<screen>VBoxHeadless --startvm &lt;uuid|name&gt;</screen>
    347       </para>
    348 
    349       <para>
    350         If you start the VM with <computeroutput>VBoxManage
    351         startvm</computeroutput> then the configuration settings of the
    352         VM are always used.
     355
     356      <para>
     357        If you start the VM with <command>VBoxManage startvm</command>
     358        then the configuration settings of the VM are always used.
    353359      </para>
    354360
     
    372378        <listitem>
    373379          <para>
    374             VirtualBox on a server machine with a supported host
    375             operating system. The VirtualBox extension pack for the VRDP
    376             server must be installed, see <xref linkend="vrde"/>. The
    377             procedures assume a Linux server is used.
     380            &product-name; on a server machine with a supported host
     381            operating system. The &product-name; Extension Pack for the
     382            VRDP server must be installed, see <xref linkend="vrde"/>.
     383            The procedures assume a Linux server is used.
    378384          </para>
    379385        </listitem>
     
    407413      <para>
    408414        Note that on the server machine, since we will only use the
    409         headless server, Qt, SDL, and the X Window system are not
    410         required.
     415        headless server, Qt and the X Window system are not required.
    411416      </para>
    412417
     
    424429            If you do not specify
    425430            <computeroutput>--register</computeroutput>, you will have
    426             to manually use the
    427             <computeroutput>registervm</computeroutput> command later.
     431            to manually use the <command>registervm</command> command
     432            later.
    428433          </para>
    429434
     
    500505          <para>
    501506            Start the virtual machine using the
    502             <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput> command:
     507            <command>VBoxHeadless</command> command:
    503508          </para>
    504509
     
    534539
    535540      <para>
    536         As a special feature additional to the VRDP support, VirtualBox
    537         also supports remote USB devices over the wire. That is, the
    538         VirtualBox guest that runs on one computer can access the USB
    539         devices of the remote computer on which the VRDP data is being
    540         displayed the same way as USB devices that are connected to the
    541         actual host. This allows for running virtual machines on a
    542         VirtualBox host that acts as a server, where a client can
    543         connect from elsewhere that needs only a network adapter and a
    544         display capable of running an RDP viewer. When USB devices are
    545         plugged into the client, the remote VirtualBox server can access
    546         them.
     541        As a special feature additional to the VRDP support,
     542        &product-name; also supports remote USB devices over the wire.
     543        That is, an &product-name; guest that runs on one computer can
     544        access the USB devices of the remote computer on which the VRDP
     545        data is being displayed the same way as USB devices that are
     546        connected to the actual host. This enables running of virtual
     547        machines on an &product-name; host that acts as a server, where
     548        a client can connect from elsewhere that needs only a network
     549        adapter and a display capable of running an RDP viewer. When USB
     550        devices are plugged into the client, the remote &product-name;
     551        server can access them.
    547552      </para>
    548553
     
    556561      <para>
    557562        Accessing remote USB devices is only possible if the RDP client
    558         supports this extension. On Linux and Solaris hosts, the
    559         VirtualBox installation provides a suitable VRDP client called
    560         <computeroutput>rdesktop-vrdp</computeroutput>. Recent versions
    561         of <computeroutput>uttsc</computeroutput>, a client tailored for
    562         the use with Sun Ray thin clients, also support accessing remote
    563         USB devices. RDP clients for other platforms will be provided in
    564         future VirtualBox versions.
     563        supports this extension. On Linux and Oracle Solaris hosts, the
     564        &product-name; installation provides a suitable VRDP client
     565        called <command>rdesktop-vrdp</command>. Recent versions of
     566        <command>uttsc</command>, a client tailored for the use with Sun
     567        Ray thin clients, also support accessing remote USB devices. RDP
     568        clients for other platforms will be provided in future
     569        &product-name; versions.
    565570      </para>
    566571
    567572      <para>
    568573        To make a remote USB device available to a VM,
    569         <computeroutput>rdesktop-vrdp</computeroutput> should be started
    570         as follows:
     574        <command>rdesktop-vrdp</command> should be started as follows:
     575      </para>
    571576
    572577<screen>rdesktop-vrdp -r usb -a 16 -N my.host.address</screen>
    573578
    574         Please refer to <xref linkend="ts_usb-linux" /> for further
    575         details on how to properly set up the permissions for USB
    576         devices. Furthermore it is advisable to disable automatic
    577         loading of any host driver on the remote host which might work
    578         on USB devices to ensure that the devices are accessible by the
    579         RDP client. If the setup was properly done on the remote host,
    580         plug/unplug events are visible on the VBox.log file of the VM.
     579      <para>
     580        See <xref linkend="ts_usb-linux" /> for further details on how
     581        to properly set up the permissions for USB devices. Furthermore
     582        it is advisable to disable automatic loading of any host driver
     583        on the remote host which might work on USB devices to ensure
     584        that the devices are accessible by the RDP client. If the setup
     585        was properly done on the remote host, plug and unplug events are
     586        visible in the VBox.log file of the VM.
    581587      </para>
    582588
     
    588594
    589595      <para>
    590         For each virtual machine that is remotely accessible via RDP,
     596        For each virtual machine that is remotely accessible using RDP,
    591597        you can individually determine if and how client connections are
    592         authenticated. For this, use <computeroutput>VBoxManage
    593         modifyvm</computeroutput> command with the
    594         <computeroutput>--vrdeauthtype</computeroutput> option. See
    595         <xref
    596       linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" />. The following
    597         methods of authentication are available:
     598        authenticated. For this, use the <command>VBoxManage
     599        modifyvm</command> command with the
     600        <option>--vrdeauthtype</option> option. See
     601        <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" />. The following methods of
     602        authentication are available:
    598603      </para>
    599604
     
    613618            The <emphasis role="bold">external</emphasis> method
    614619            provides external authentication through a special
    615             authentication library. VirtualBox ships with two special
    616             authentication libraries:
     620            authentication library. &product-name; ships with two
     621            special authentication libraries:
    617622          </para>
    618623
     
    652657                    authenticates users against the host's directory
    653658                    service.
    654 
    655                     <footnote>
    656 
    657                       <para>
    658                         Support for Mac OS X was added in version 3.2.
    659                       </para>
    660 
    661                     </footnote>
    662659                  </para>
    663660                </listitem>
     
    718715                    <computeroutput>extradata</computeroutput> section
    719716                    the password needs to be written, is a plain text
    720                     file, VirtualBox uses hashes to encrypt passwords.
    721                     The following command must be used:
     717                    file, &product-name; uses hashes to encrypt
     718                    passwords. The following command must be used:
    722719                  </para>
    723720
     
    746743
    747744                  <para>
    748                     You then use VBoxManage setextradata to store this
    749                     value in the machine's
    750                     <computeroutput>extradata</computeroutput> section.
     745                    You then use <command>VBoxManage
     746                    setextradata</command> to store this value in the
     747                    machine's <computeroutput>extradata</computeroutput>
     748                    section.
    751749                  </para>
    752750
     
    789787        In addition to the methods described above, you can replace the
    790788        default external authentication module with any other module.
    791         For this, VirtualBox provides a well-defined interface that
    792         allows you to write your own authentication module. This is
    793         described in detail in the VirtualBox Software Development Kit
    794         (SDK) reference. See <xref
    795       linkend="VirtualBoxAPI" />.
     789        For this, &product-name; provides a well-defined interface that
     790        enables you to write your own authentication module. This is
     791        described in detail in the &product-name; Software Development
     792        Kit (SDK) reference. See <xref linkend="VirtualBoxAPI" />.
    796793      </para>
    797794
     
    820817            perform any checks in order to verify the identity of the
    821818            server it connects to. Since user credentials can be
    822             obtained using a "man in the middle" (MITM) attack, RDP4
     819            obtained using a man in the middle (MITM) attack, RDP4
    823820            authentication is insecure and should generally not be used.
    824821          </para>
     
    875872                Security is accepted. The client must support TLS.
    876873              </para>
     874
     875              <para>
     876                The OpenSSL library version determines which versions of
     877                TLS are supported. The &product-name; clients include at
     878                least Version 1.1.0 of the OpenSSL library. This library
     879                supports TLS versions 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2. Some clients
     880                might include newer versions of the OpenSSL library and
     881                thus support additional TLS versions.
     882              </para>
    877883            </listitem>
    878884
     
    880886
    881887          <para>
    882             For example, the following command allows a client to use
     888            For example, the following command enables a client to use
    883889            either Standard or Enhanced RDP Security connection:
    884890          </para>
     
    946952      <para>
    947953        As the client that connects to the server determines what type
    948         of encryption will be used, with rdesktop, the Linux RDP viewer,
    949         use the <computeroutput>-4</computeroutput> or
     954        of encryption will be used, with <command>rdesktop</command>,
     955        the Linux RDP viewer, use the
     956        <computeroutput>-4</computeroutput> or
    950957        <computeroutput>-5</computeroutput> options.
    951958      </para>
     
    958965
    959966      <para>
    960         The VRDP server of VirtualBox supports multiple simultaneous
     967        The VRDP server of &product-name; supports multiple simultaneous
    961968        connections to the same running VM from different clients. All
    962969        connected clients see the same screen output and share a mouse
     
    968975      <para>
    969976        The following command enables multiple connection mode:
     977      </para>
    970978
    971979<screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --vrdemulticon on</screen>
    972       </para>
    973980
    974981    </sect2>
     
    981988        To access two or more remote VM displays you have to enable the
    982989        VRDP multiconnection mode. See
    983         <xref
    984       linkend="vrde-multiconnection" />.
     990        <xref linkend="vrde-multiconnection"/>.
    985991      </para>
    986992
    987993      <para>
    988994        The RDP client can select the virtual monitor number to connect
    989         to using the <computeroutput>domain</computeroutput> logon
     995        to using the <computeroutput>domain</computeroutput> login
    990996        parameter (<computeroutput>-d</computeroutput>). If the
    991997        parameter ends with <computeroutput>@</computeroutput> followed
    992         by a number, VirtualBox interprets this number as the screen
     998        by a number, &product-name; interprets this number as the screen
    993999        index. The primary guest screen is selected with
    9941000        <computeroutput>@1</computeroutput>, the first secondary screen
     
    9981004      <para>
    9991005        The Microsoft RDP6 client does not let you specify a separate
    1000         domain name. Instead, use
     1006        domain name. Instead, enter
    10011007        <computeroutput>domain\username</computeroutput> in the
    1002         <computeroutput>Username:</computeroutput> field. For example,
     1008        <emphasis role="bold">Username</emphasis> field. For example,
    10031009        <computeroutput>@2\name</computeroutput>.
    10041010        <computeroutput>name</computeroutput> must be supplied, and must
     
    10151021
    10161022      <para>
    1017         Starting with VirtualBox 3.2, the VRDP server can redirect video
    1018         streams from the guest to the RDP client. Video frames are
    1019         compressed using the JPEG algorithm allowing a higher
    1020         compression ratio than standard RDP bitmap compression methods.
    1021         It is possible to increase the compression ratio by lowering the
    1022         video quality.
     1023        The VRDP server can redirect video streams from the guest to the
     1024        RDP client. Video frames are compressed using the JPEG algorithm
     1025        allowing a higher compression ratio than standard RDP bitmap
     1026        compression methods. It is possible to increase the compression
     1027        ratio by lowering the video quality.
    10231028      </para>
    10241029
     
    10401045      <para>
    10411046        The following command enables video redirection:
     1047      </para>
    10421048
    10431049<screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --vrdevideochannel on</screen>
    1044       </para>
    10451050
    10461051      <para>
     
    10491054        numbers mean lower quality but higher compression. The quality
    10501055        can be changed using the following command:
     1056      </para>
    10511057
    10521058<screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --vrdevideochannelquality 75</screen>
    1053       </para>
    10541059
    10551060    </sect2>
     
    10601065
    10611066      <para>
    1062         With VirtualBox 4.0 it is possible to disable display output,
     1067        With &product-name; it is possible to disable display output,
    10631068        mouse and keyboard input, audio, remote USB, or clipboard
    10641069        individually in the VRDP server.
     
    10661071
    10671072      <para>
    1068         The following commands change corresponding server settings:
     1073        The following commands change the corresponding server settings:
    10691074      </para>
    10701075
     
    10771082
    10781083      <para>
    1079         To reenable a feature use a similar command without the trailing
    1080         1. For example:
     1084        To reenable a feature, use a similar command without the
     1085        trailing 1. For example:
     1086      </para>
    10811087
    10821088<screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --vrdeproperty Client/DisableDisplay=</screen>
    1083       </para>
    1084 
    1085       <para>
    1086         These properties were introduced with VirtualBox 3.2.10.
    1087         However, in the 3.2.x series, it was necessary to use the
    1088         following commands to alter these settings instead:
    1089       </para>
    1090 
    1091 <screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" "VRDP/Feature/Client/DisableDisplay" 1
    1092 VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" "VRDP/Feature/Client/DisableInput" 1
    1093 VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" "VRDP/Feature/Client/DisableUSB" 1
    1094 VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" "VRDP/Feature/Client/DisableAudio" 1
    1095 VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" "VRDP/Feature/Client/DisableClipboard" 1</screen>
    1096 
    1097       <para>
    1098         To reenable a feature use a similar command without the trailing
    1099         1. For example:
    1100 
    1101 <screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" "VRDP/Feature/Client/DisableDisplay"</screen>
    1102       </para>
    11031089
    11041090    </sect2>
     
    11111097
    11121098    <para>
    1113       Starting with version 3.1, VirtualBox supports
    1114       <emphasis>teleporting</emphasis>. Teleporting is moving a virtual
    1115       machine over a network from one VirtualBox host to another, while
    1116       the virtual machine is running. This works regardless of the host
    1117       operating system that is running on the hosts. You can teleport
    1118       virtual machines between Solaris and Mac hosts, for example.
     1099      &product-name; supports <emphasis>teleporting</emphasis>.
     1100      Teleporting is moving a virtual machine over a network from one
     1101      &product-name; host to another, while the virtual machine is
     1102      running. This works regardless of the host operating system that
     1103      is running on the hosts. You can teleport virtual machines between
     1104      Oracle Solaris and Mac hosts, for example.
    11191105    </para>
    11201106
     
    11451131        <para>
    11461132          On the target host, you must configure a virtual machine in
    1147           VirtualBox with exactly the same hardware settings as the
     1133          &product-name; with exactly the same hardware settings as the
    11481134          machine on the source that you want to teleport. This does not
    11491135          apply to settings which are merely descriptive, such as the VM
     
    11611147          CD/DVD images. This means that they either use the same iSCSI
    11621148          targets or that the storage resides somewhere on the network
    1163           and both hosts have access to it via NFS or SMB/CIFS.
     1149          and both hosts have access to it using NFS or SMB/CIFS.
    11641150        </para>
    11651151
     
    11831169          machine to wait for a teleport request to arrive when it is
    11841170          started, instead of actually attempting to start the machine.
    1185           This is done with the following VBoxManage command:
     1171          This is done with the following <command>VBoxManage</command>
     1172          command:
    11861173        </para>
    11871174
     
    11941181          number to be used on both the source and the target hosts. For
    11951182          example, use 6000. See
    1196           <xref
    1197           linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm-teleport" />.
     1183          <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm-teleport" />.
    11981184        </para>
    11991185      </listitem>
     
    12181204        <para>
    12191205          where <computeroutput>&lt;sourcevmname&gt;</computeroutput> is
    1220           the name of the virtual machine on the source host (the
    1221           machine that is currently running),
     1206          the name of the virtual machine on the source host, which is
     1207          the machine that is currently running.
    12221208          <computeroutput>&lt;targethost&gt;</computeroutput> is the
    12231209          host or IP name of the target host on which the machine is
     
    12251211          <computeroutput>&lt;port&gt;</computeroutput> must be the same
    12261212          number as specified in the command on the target host. See
    1227           <xref
    1228           linkend="vboxmanage-controlvm" />.
     1213          <xref linkend="vboxmanage-controlvm" />.
    12291214        </para>
    12301215      </listitem>
     
    12451230        application software that is highly optimized to run on a
    12461231        particular CPU without correctly checking that certain CPU
    1247         features are actually present. VirtualBox filters what CPU
     1232        features are actually present. &product-name; filters what CPU
    12481233        capabilities are presented to the guest operating system.
    12491234        Advanced users can attempt to restrict these virtual CPU
    1250         capabilities with the <computeroutput>VBoxManage --modifyvm
     1235        capabilities with the <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm
    12511236        --cpuid</computeroutput> command. See
    1252         <xref
    1253         linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm-teleport" />.
     1237        <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm-teleport" />.
    12541238      </para>
    12551239    </note>
  • trunk/doc/manual/en_US/user_Glossary.xml

    r73276 r76078  
    1818          Advanced Configuration and Power Interface, an industry
    1919          specification for BIOS and hardware extensions to configure PC
    20           hardware and perform power management. Windows 2000 and higher
    21           as well as Linux 2.4 and higher support ACPI. Windows can only
     20          hardware and perform power management. Windows 2000 and later,
     21          as well as Linux 2.4 and later support ACPI. Windows can only
    2222          enable or disable ACPI support at installation time.
    2323        </para>
     
    7777          systems also contain an I/O APIC (input output APIC) as a
    7878          separate chip which provides more than 16 IRQs. Windows 2000
    79           and higher use a different kernel if they detect an I/O APIC
    80           during installation. Therefore an I/O APIC must not be removed
    81           after installation.
     79          and later use a different kernel if they detect an I/O APIC
     80          during installation. Therefore, an I/O APIC must not be
     81          removed after installation.
    8282        </para>
    8383
     
    115115          personal computers which is responsible of initializing the
    116116          hardware after the computer has been turned on and then
    117           booting an operating system. VirtualBox ships with its own
     117          booting an operating system. &product-name; ships with its own
    118118          virtual BIOS that runs when a virtual machine is started.
    119119        </para>
     
    135135        <para>
    136136          Microsoft Component Object Model, a programming infrastructure
    137           for modular software. COM allows applications to provide
     137          for modular software. COM enables applications to provide
    138138          application programming interfaces which can be accessed from
    139139          various other programming languages and applications.
    140           VirtualBox makes use of COM both internally and externally to
     140          &product-name; makes use of COM both internally and externally to
    141141          provide a comprehensive API to 3rd party developers.
    142142        </para>
     
    157157
    158158        <para>
    159           Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. This allows a networking
     159          Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. This enables a networking
    160160          device in a network to acquire its IP address and other
    161161          networking details automatically, in order to avoid having to
    162162          configure all devices in a network with fixed IP addresses.
    163           VirtualBox has a built-in DHCP server that delivers an IP
     163          &product-name; has a built-in DHCP server that delivers an IP
    164164          addresses to a virtual machine when networking is configured
    165165          to NAT. See <xref
     
    219219        <para>
    220220          Graphical User Interface. Commonly used as an antonym to a
    221           "command line interface". In the context of VirtualBox, we
     221          "command line interface". In the context of &product-name;, we
    222222          sometimes refer to the main graphical
    223223          <computeroutput>VirtualBox</computeroutput> program as the
    224224          "GUI", to differentiate it from the
    225           <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput> interface.
     225          <command>VBoxManage</command> interface.
    226226        </para>
    227227
     
    316316          As opposed to traditional pin-based interrupts, with MSI, a
    317317          small amount of data can accompany the actual interrupt
    318           message. This reduces the amount of hardware pins required,
     318          message. This reduces the amount of hardware pins required and
    319319          allows for more interrupts and better performance.
    320320        </para>
     
    339339          target IP addresses of network packets according to specific
    340340          rules. Commonly employed by routers and firewalls to shield an
    341           internal network from the Internet, VirtualBox can use NAT to
     341          internal network from the Internet, &product-name; can use NAT to
    342342          easily share a host's physical networking hardware with its
    343343          virtual machines. See <xref
     
    380380
    381381        <para>
    382           Physical Address Extension. This allows accessing more than 4
    383           GB of RAM even in 32-bit environments. See
     382          Physical Address Extension. This enables access to more than 4
     383          GB of RAM, even in 32-bit environments. See
    384384          <xref
    385385        linkend="settings-general-advanced" />.
     
    435435          transferred in both directions. Typically graphics updates and
    436436          audio are sent from the remote machine and keyboard and mouse
    437           input events are sent from the client. A VirtualBox extension
     437          input events are sent from the client. An &product-name; extension
    438438          package by Oracle provides VRDP, an enhanced implementation of
    439439          the relevant standards which is largely compatible with
     
    535535          A widely used file format for archiving. Originally, this
    536536          stood for Tape ARchive and was already supported by very early
    537           Unix versions for backing up data on tape. The file format is
     537          UNIX versions for backing up data on tape. The file format is
    538538          still widely used today. For example, with OVF archives using
    539539          an <computeroutput>.ova</computeroutput> file extension. See
     
    561561          and letters which can be computed dynamically and is
    562562          guaranteed to be unique. Generally, it is used as a global
    563           handle to identify entities. VirtualBox makes use of UUIDs to
     563          handle to identify entities. &product-name; makes use of UUIDs to
    564564          identify VMs, Virtual Disk Images (VDI files), and other
    565565          entities.
     
    581581
    582582        <para>
    583           Virtual Machine. A virtual computer that VirtualBox enables
     583          Virtual Machine. A virtual computer that &product-name; enables
    584584          you to run on top of your actual hardware. See
    585585          <xref
     
    596596
    597597        <para>
    598           Virtual Machine Manager. The component of VirtualBox that
     598          Virtual Machine Manager. The component of &product-name; that
    599599          controls VM execution. See
    600600          <xref linkend="technical-components" /> for a list of
    601           VirtualBox components.
     601          &product-name; components.
    602602        </para>
    603603
     
    612612        <para>
    613613          VirtualBox Remote Desktop Extension. This interface is built
    614           into VirtualBox to allow VirtualBox extension packages to
    615           supply remote access to virtual machines. A VirtualBox
     614          into &product-name; to allow &product-name; extension packages to
     615          supply remote access to virtual machines. An &product-name;
    616616          extension package by Oracle provides VRDP support. See
    617617          <xref linkend="vrde" />.
     
    688688          Mozilla Cross Platform Component Object Model, a programming
    689689          infrastructure developed by the Mozilla browser project which
    690           is similar to Microsoft COM and allows applications to provide
    691           a modular programming interface. VirtualBox makes use of XPCOM
    692           on Linux both internally and externally to provide a
     690          is similar to Microsoft COM and enables applications to
     691          provide a modular programming interface. &product-name; makes use
     692          of XPCOM on Linux both internally and externally to provide a
    693693          comprehensive API to third-party developers.
    694694        </para>
  • trunk/doc/manual/en_US/user_GuestAdditions.xml

    r75946 r76078  
    1010
    1111  <para>
    12     The previous chapter covered getting started with VirtualBox and
     12    The previous chapter covered getting started with &product-name; and
    1313    installing operating systems in a virtual machine. For any serious
    14     and interactive use, the VirtualBox Guest Additions will make your
    15     life much easier by providing closer integration between host and
    16     guest and improving the interactive performance of guest systems.
    17     This chapter describes the Guest Additions in detail.
     14    and interactive use, the &product-name; Guest Additions will make
     15    your life much easier by providing closer integration between host
     16    and guest and improving the interactive performance of guest
     17    systems. This chapter describes the Guest Additions in detail.
    1818  </para>
    1919
     
    2828      consist of device drivers and system applications that optimize
    2929      the guest operating system for better performance and usability.
    30       See <xref
    31     linkend="guestossupport" /> for details on what
    32       guest operating systems are fully supported with Guest Additions
    33       by VirtualBox.
    34     </para>
    35 
    36     <para>
    37       The VirtualBox Guest Additions for all supported guest operating
    38       systems are provided as a single CD-ROM image file which is called
    39       <computeroutput>VBoxGuestAdditions.iso</computeroutput>. This
    40       image file is located in the installation directory of VirtualBox.
    41       To install the Guest Additions for a particular VM, you mount this
    42       ISO file in your VM as a virtual CD-ROM and install from there.
     30      See <xref linkend="guestossupport" /> for details on what guest
     31      operating systems are fully supported with Guest Additions by
     32      &product-name;.
     33    </para>
     34
     35    <para>
     36      The &product-name; Guest Additions for all supported guest
     37      operating systems are provided as a single CD-ROM image file which
     38      is called <computeroutput>VBoxGuestAdditions.iso</computeroutput>.
     39      This image file is located in the installation directory of
     40      &product-name;. To install the Guest Additions for a particular
     41      VM, you mount this ISO file in your VM as a virtual CD-ROM and
     42      install from there.
    4343    </para>
    4444
     
    6868          an easy way to exchange files between the host and the guest.
    6969          Much like ordinary Windows network shares, you can tell
    70           VirtualBox to treat a certain host directory as a shared
    71           folder, and VirtualBox will make it available to the guest
     70          &product-name; to treat a certain host directory as a shared
     71          folder, and &product-name; will make it available to the guest
    7272          operating system as a network share, irrespective of whether
    7373          guest actually has a network. See
     
    8080        <para>
    8181          <emphasis role="bold">Better video support.</emphasis> While
    82           the virtual graphics card which VirtualBox emulates for any
    83           guest operating system provides all the basic features, the
    84           custom video drivers that are installed with the Guest
     82          the virtual graphics card which &product-name; emulates for
     83          any guest operating system provides all the basic features,
     84          the custom video drivers that are installed with the Guest
    8585          Additions provide you with extra high and non-standard video
    8686          modes, as well as accelerated video performance.
     
    8888
    8989        <para>
    90           In addition, with Windows, Linux, and Solaris guests, you can
    91           resize the virtual machine's window if the Guest Additions are
    92           installed. The video resolution in the guest will be
    93           automatically adjusted, as if you had manually entered an
    94           arbitrary resolution in the guest's display settings. See
    95           <xref
    96             linkend="intro-resize-window" />.
     90          In addition, with Windows, Linux, and Oracle Solaris guests,
     91          you can resize the virtual machine's window if the Guest
     92          Additions are installed. The video resolution in the guest
     93          will be automatically adjusted, as if you had manually entered
     94          an arbitrary resolution in the guest's
     95          <emphasis role="bold">Display</emphasis> settings. See
     96          <xref linkend="intro-resize-window" />.
    9797        </para>
    9898
     
    100100          If the Guest Additions are installed, 3D graphics and 2D video
    101101          for guest applications can be accelerated. See
    102           <xref
    103             linkend="guestadd-video" />.
     102          <xref linkend="guestadd-video" />.
    104103        </para>
    105104      </listitem>
     
    135134        <para>
    136135          <emphasis role="bold">Time synchronization.</emphasis> With
    137           the Guest Additions installed, VirtualBox can ensure that the
    138           guest's system time is better synchronized with that of the
    139           host.
     136          the Guest Additions installed, &product-name; can ensure that
     137          the guest's system time is better synchronized with that of
     138          the host.
    140139        </para>
    141140
     
    143142          For various reasons, the time in the guest might run at a
    144143          slightly different rate than the time on the host. The host
    145           could be receiving updates via NTP and its own time might not
    146           run linearly. A VM could also be paused, which stops the flow
    147           of time in the guest for a shorter or longer period of time.
    148           When the wall clock time between the guest and host only
     144          could be receiving updates through NTP and its own time might
     145          not run linearly. A VM could also be paused, which stops the
     146          flow of time in the guest for a shorter or longer period of
     147          time. When the wall clock time between the guest and host only
    149148          differs slightly, the time synchronization service attempts to
    150149          gradually and smoothly adjust the guest time in small
     
    173172      <listitem>
    174173        <para>
    175           <emphasis role="bold">Automated logons.</emphasis> Also called
     174          <emphasis role="bold">Automated logins.</emphasis> Also called
    176175          credentials passing. See <xref linkend="autologon" />.
    177176        </para>
     
    181180
    182181    <para>
    183       Each version of VirtualBox, even minor releases, ship with their
    184       own version of the Guest Additions. While the interfaces through
    185       which the VirtualBox core communicates with the Guest Additions
    186       are kept stable so that Guest Additions already installed in a VM
    187       should continue to work when VirtualBox is upgraded on the host,
    188       for best results, it is recommended to keep the Guest Additions at
    189       the same version.
    190     </para>
    191 
    192     <para>
    193       Starting with VirtualBox 3.1, the Windows and Linux Guest
    194       Additions therefore check automatically whether they have to be
    195       updated. If the host is running a newer VirtualBox version than
    196       the Guest Additions, a notification with further instructions is
    197       displayed in the guest.
     182      Each version of &product-name;, even minor releases, ship with
     183      their own version of the Guest Additions. While the interfaces
     184      through which the &product-name; core communicates with the Guest
     185      Additions are kept stable so that Guest Additions already
     186      installed in a VM should continue to work when &product-name; is
     187      upgraded on the host, for best results, it is recommended to keep
     188      the Guest Additions at the same version.
     189    </para>
     190
     191    <para>
     192      The Windows and Linux Guest Additions therefore check
     193      automatically whether they have to be updated. If the host is
     194      running a newer &product-name; version than the Guest Additions, a
     195      notification with further instructions is displayed in the guest.
    198196    </para>
    199197
     
    215213    <para>
    216214      Guest Additions are available for virtual machines running
    217       Windows, Linux, Solaris, or OS/2. The following sections describe
    218       the specifics of each variant in detail.
     215      Windows, Linux, Oracle Solaris, or OS/2. The following sections
     216      describe the specifics of each variant in detail.
    219217    </para>
    220218
     
    224222
    225223      <para>
    226         The VirtualBox Windows Guest Additions are designed to be
     224        The &product-name; Windows Guest Additions are designed to be
    227225        installed in a virtual machine running a Windows operating
    228226        system. The following versions of Windows guests are supported:
     
    298296
    299297        <para>
    300           In the Devices menu in the virtual machine's menu bar,
    301           VirtualBox has a menu item <emphasis role="bold">Insert Guest
    302           Additions CD Image</emphasis>, which mounts the Guest
    303           Additions ISO file inside your virtual machine. A Windows
    304           guest should then automatically start the Guest Additions
    305           installer, which installs the Guest Additions into your
    306           Windows guest. Other guest operating systems, or if automatic
    307           start of software on CD is disabled, need a manual start of
     298          In the <emphasis role="bold">Devices</emphasis> menu in the
     299          virtual machine's menu bar, &product-name; has a menu item
     300          <emphasis role="bold">Insert Guest Additions CD
     301          Image</emphasis>, which mounts the Guest Additions ISO file
     302          inside your virtual machine. A Windows guest should then
     303          automatically start the Guest Additions installer, which
     304          installs the Guest Additions on your Windows guest.
     305        </para>
     306
     307        <para>
     308          For other guest operating systems, or if automatic start of
     309          software on a CD is disabled, you need to do a manual start of
    308310          the installer.
    309311        </para>
     
    313315            For the basic Direct3D acceleration to work in a Windows
    314316            guest, you have to install the WDDM video driver available
    315             for Windows Vista or higher.
    316 
    317             <footnote>
    318 
    319               <para>
    320                 An experimental WDDM driver was added with VirtualBox
    321                 4.1.
    322               </para>
    323 
    324             </footnote>
    325 
    326             For Windows 8 and higher only the WDDM Direct3D video driver
     317            for Windows Vista or later.
     318          </para>
     319
     320          <para>
     321            For Windows 8 and later, only the WDDM Direct3D video driver
    327322            is available. For basic Direct3D acceleration to work in
    328323            Windows XP guests, you have to install the Guest Additions
     
    349344            <para>
    350345              Select <emphasis role="bold">Mount CD/DVD-ROM</emphasis>
    351               from the Devices menu in the virtual machine's menu bar
    352               and then <emphasis role="bold">CD/DVD-ROM
    353               Image</emphasis>. This displays the Virtual Media Manager,
    354               described in <xref
     346              from the <emphasis role="bold">Devices</emphasis> menu in
     347              the virtual machine's menu bar and then
     348              <emphasis role="bold">CD/DVD-ROM Image</emphasis>. This
     349              displays the Virtual Media Manager, described in
     350              <xref
    355351            linkend="vdis" />.
    356352            </para>
     
    370366              <listitem>
    371367                <para>
    372                   On a Windows host, this file is in the VirtualBox
     368                  On a Windows host, this file is in the &product-name;
    373369                  installation directory, usually in
    374370                  <computeroutput>C:\Program
     
    380376                <para>
    381377                  On Mac OS X hosts, this file is in the application
    382                   bundle of VirtualBox. Right-click on the VirtualBox
    383                   icon in Finder and choose <emphasis role="bold">Show
    384                   Package Contents</emphasis>. The file is located in
    385                   the <computeroutput>Contents/MacOS</computeroutput>
     378                  bundle of &product-name;. Right-click on the
     379                  &product-name; icon in Finder and choose
     380                  <emphasis role="bold">Show Package
     381                  Contents</emphasis>. The file is located in the
     382                  <computeroutput>Contents/MacOS</computeroutput>
    386383                  folder.
    387384                </para>
     
    392389                  On a Linux host, this file is in the
    393390                  <computeroutput>additions</computeroutput> folder
    394                   where you installed VirtualBox, usually
     391                  where you installed &product-name;, usually
    395392                  <computeroutput>/opt/VirtualBox/</computeroutput>.
    396393                </para>
     
    399396              <listitem>
    400397                <para>
    401                   On Solaris hosts, this file is in the
     398                  On Oracle Solaris hosts, this file is in the
    402399                  <computeroutput>additions</computeroutput> folder
    403                   where you installed VirtualBox, usually
     400                  where you installed &product-name;, usually
    404401                  <computeroutput>/opt/VirtualBox</computeroutput>.
    405402                </para>
     
    422419        <para>
    423420          Unless you have the Autostart feature disabled in your Windows
    424           guest, Windows will now autostart the VirtualBox Guest
     421          guest, Windows will now autostart the &product-name; Guest
    425422          Additions installation program from the Additions ISO. If the
    426423          Autostart feature has been turned off, choose
     
    468465          <listitem>
    469466            <para>
    470               VirtualBox Graphics Adapter
     467              &product-name; Graphics Adapter
    471468            </para>
    472469          </listitem>
     
    474471          <listitem>
    475472            <para>
    476               VirtualBox System Device
     473              &product-name; System Device
    477474            </para>
    478475          </listitem>
     
    493490
    494491        <para>
    495           As a prerequisite for avoid popups while performing an
    496           unattended installation of the VirtualBox Guest Additions, the
    497           code signing certificates used to sign the drivers needs to be
    498           installed in the right certificates stores in the guest
    499           system. Failing to do this will cause a typical windows
    500           installation to pop up a dialog asking whether its allowable
    501           to install each driver.
     492          To avoid popups when performing an unattended installation of
     493          the &product-name; Guest Additions, the code signing
     494          certificates used to sign the drivers needs to be installed in
     495          the correct certificate stores on the guest operating system.
     496          Failure to do this will cause a typical Windows installation
     497          to display multiple dialogs asking whether you want to install
     498          a particular driver.
    502499        </para>
    503500
    504501        <note>
    505502          <para>
    506             On some Windows versions like Windows 2000 and Windows XP
    507             the user intervention popups mentioned above always will be
     503            On some Windows versions, such as Windows 2000 and Windows
     504            XP, the user intervention popups mentioned above are always
    508505            displayed, even after importing the Oracle certificates.
    509506          </para>
     
    511508
    512509        <para>
    513           Since VirtualBox 4.2, installing the code signing certificates
    514           on a Windows guest can be done in an automated fashion using
    515           the <computeroutput>VBoxCertUtil.exe</computeroutput> utility
    516           found on the Guest Additions installation CD in the
    517           <computeroutput>cert</computeroutput> folder:
     510          Installing the code signing certificates on a Windows guest
     511          can be done automatically. Use the
     512          <computeroutput>VBoxCertUtil.exe</computeroutput> utility from
     513          the <computeroutput>cert</computeroutput> folder on the Guest
     514          Additions installation CD.
     515        </para>
     516
     517        <para>
     518          Use the following steps:
    518519        </para>
    519520
     
    528529          <listitem>
    529530            <para>
    530               Mount the VirtualBox Guest Additions .ISO.
     531              Mount the &product-name; Guest Additions .ISO.
    531532            </para>
    532533          </listitem>
     
    536537              Open a command line window on the guest and change to the
    537538              <computeroutput>cert</computeroutput> folder on the
    538               VirtualBox Guest Additions CD.
     539              &product-name; Guest Additions CD.
    539540            </para>
    540541          </listitem>
     
    557558
    558559        <para>
    559           Prior to VirtualBox 4.2 the code signing certificates need to
    560           be imported in more manual style using the
    561           <computeroutput>certutil.exe</computeroutput> utility, which
    562           is shipped since Windows Vista. For Windows versions before
    563           Vista you need to download and install
    564           <computeroutput>certutil.exe</computeroutput> manually. Since
    565           the certificates are not accompanied on the VirtualBox Guest
    566           Additions CD-ROM prior to 4.2, these need to get extracted
    567           from a signed VirtualBox executable first.
    568         </para>
    569 
    570         <para>
    571           In the following examples the required certificates are
    572           extracted from the VirtualBox Windows Guest Additions
    573           installer on the CD-ROM.
    574         </para>
    575 
    576         <para>
    577           For a VeriSign Code Signing CA certificate, do the following:
    578         </para>
    579 
    580         <orderedlist>
    581 
    582           <listitem>
    583             <para>
    584               Open the Windows Explorer.
    585             </para>
    586           </listitem>
    587 
    588           <listitem>
    589             <para>
    590               Right click on
    591               VBoxWindowsAdditions-<replaceable>arch</replaceable>.exe,
    592               and choose <emphasis role="bold">Properties</emphasis>.
    593             </para>
    594           </listitem>
    595 
    596           <listitem>
    597             <para>
    598               Go to the Digital Signatures tab, choose
    599               <emphasis role="bold">Oracle Corporation</emphasis> and
    600               click on <emphasis role="bold">Details</emphasis>.
    601             </para>
    602           </listitem>
    603 
    604           <listitem>
    605             <para>
    606               On the General tab, click on <emphasis role="bold">View
    607               Certificate</emphasis>.
    608             </para>
    609           </listitem>
    610 
    611           <listitem>
    612             <para>
    613               On the Certification Path tab, select
    614               <emphasis role="bold">VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary
    615               CA</emphasis>.
    616             </para>
    617           </listitem>
    618 
    619           <listitem>
    620             <para>
    621               Click <emphasis role="bold">View Certificate</emphasis>.
    622             </para>
    623           </listitem>
    624 
    625           <listitem>
    626             <para>
    627               On the Details tab, click <emphasis role="bold">Copy to
    628               File</emphasis>.
    629             </para>
    630           </listitem>
    631 
    632           <listitem>
    633             <para>
    634               In the displayed wizard choose <emphasis role="bold">DER
    635               Encoded Binary X.509 (.CER)</emphasis> and save the
    636               certificate file to a local path. Close the wizard.
    637             </para>
    638           </listitem>
    639 
    640           <listitem>
    641             <para>
    642               Close the certificate dialog for Verisign Class 3 Code
    643               Signing 2010 CA.
    644             </para>
    645           </listitem>
    646 
    647         </orderedlist>
    648 
    649         <para>
    650           For an Oracle Corporation CA certificate, do the following:
    651         </para>
    652 
    653         <orderedlist>
    654 
    655           <listitem>
    656             <para>
    657               Open the Windows Explorer.
    658             </para>
    659           </listitem>
    660 
    661           <listitem>
    662             <para>
    663               Right-click on
    664               VBoxWindowsAdditions-<replaceable>arch</replaceable>.exe
    665               and choose <emphasis role="bold">Properties</emphasis>.
    666             </para>
    667           </listitem>
    668 
    669           <listitem>
    670             <para>
    671               Go to the Digital Signatures tab, choose
    672               <emphasis role="bold">Oracle Corporation</emphasis> and
    673               click on <emphasis role="bold">Details</emphasis>.
    674             </para>
    675           </listitem>
    676 
    677           <listitem>
    678             <para>
    679               On the General tab, click on <emphasis role="bold">View
    680               Certificate</emphasis>.
    681             </para>
    682           </listitem>
    683 
    684           <listitem>
    685             <para>
    686               On the Details tab, click on <emphasis role="bold">Copy to
    687               File</emphasis>.
    688             </para>
    689           </listitem>
    690 
    691           <listitem>
    692             <para>
    693               In the displayed wizard choose <emphasis role="bold">DER
    694               Encoded Binary X.509 (.CER)</emphasis> and save the
    695               certificate file to a local path. Close the wizard
    696             </para>
    697           </listitem>
    698 
    699           <listitem>
    700             <para>
    701               Close the certificate dialog for Oracle Corporation.
    702             </para>
    703           </listitem>
    704 
    705         </orderedlist>
    706 
    707         <para>
    708           After exporting the two certificates above they can be
    709           imported into the certificate store using the
    710           <computeroutput>certutil.exe</computeroutput> utility, as
    711           follows:
    712         </para>
    713 
    714 <screen>certutil -addstore -f Root "&lt;Path to
    715           exported certificate file&gt;"</screen>
    716 
    717         <para>
    718           In order to allow for completely unattended guest
    719           installations, you can specify a command line parameter to the
    720           install launcher:
     560          To allow for completely unattended guest installations, you
     561          can specify a command line parameter to the install launcher:
    721562        </para>
    722563
     
    725566        <para>
    726567          This automatically installs the right files and drivers for
    727           the corresponding platform, 32-bit or 64-bit.
     568          the corresponding platform, either 32-bit or 64-bit.
    728569        </para>
    729570
     
    760601      <sect3 id="windows-guest-file-extraction">
    761602
    762         <title>Manual file Extraction</title>
     603        <title>Manual File Extraction</title>
    763604
    764605        <para>
    765606          If you would like to install the files and drivers manually,
    766607          you can extract the files from the Windows Guest Additions
    767           setup as follows
     608          setup as follows:
    768609        </para>
    769610
     
    790631
    791632      <para>
    792         Like the Windows Guest Additions, the VirtualBox Guest Additions
    793         for Linux are a set of device drivers and system applications
    794         which may be installed in the guest operating system.
     633        Like the Windows Guest Additions, the &product-name; Guest
     634        Additions for Linux are a set of device drivers and system
     635        applications which may be installed in the guest operating
     636        system.
    795637      </para>
    796638
     
    848690      <para>
    849691        Note that some Linux distributions already come with all or part
    850         of the VirtualBox Guest Additions. You may choose to keep the
    851         distribution's version of the Guest Additions but these are
     692        of the &product-name; Guest Additions. You may choose to keep
     693        the distribution's version of the Guest Additions but these are
    852694        often not up to date and limited in functionality, so we
    853695        recommend replacing them with the Guest Additions that come with
    854         VirtualBox. The VirtualBox Linux Guest Additions installer tries
    855         to detect existing installation and replace them but depending
    856         on how the distribution integrates the Guest Additions, this may
    857         require some manual interaction. It is highly recommended to
    858         take a snapshot of the virtual machine before replacing
    859         pre-installed Guest Additions.
     696        &product-name;. The &product-name; Linux Guest Additions
     697        installer tries to detect an existing installation and replace
     698        them but depending on how the distribution integrates the Guest
     699        Additions, this may require some manual interaction. It is
     700        highly recommended to take a snapshot of the virtual machine
     701        before replacing preinstalled Guest Additions.
    860702      </para>
    861703
     
    865707
    866708        <para>
    867           The VirtualBox Guest Additions for Linux are provided on the
    868           same virtual CD-ROM file as the Guest Additions for Windows.
    869           See <xref linkend="mountingadditionsiso"/>. They also come
    870           with an installation program that guides you through the setup
    871           process. However, due to the significant differences between
    872           Linux distributions, installation may be slightly more complex
    873           when compared to Windows.
     709          The &product-name; Guest Additions for Linux are provided on
     710          the same virtual CD-ROM file as the Guest Additions for
     711          Windows. See <xref linkend="mountingadditionsiso"/>. They also
     712          come with an installation program that guides you through the
     713          setup process. However, due to the significant differences
     714          between Linux distributions, installation may be slightly more
     715          complex when compared to Windows.
    874716        </para>
    875717
     
    885727              guest system for building external kernel modules. This
    886728              works as described in
    887               <xref
    888             linkend="externalkernelmodules" />,
    889               except that this step must be performed in your Linux
     729              <xref linkend="externalkernelmodules" />, except that this
     730              step must be performed in your Linux
    890731              <emphasis>guest</emphasis> instead of on a Linux host
    891732              system.
     
    907748              file into your Linux guest's virtual CD-ROM drive, as
    908749              described for a Windows guest in
    909               <xref
    910             linkend="mountingadditionsiso" />.
     750              <xref linkend="mountingadditionsiso" />.
    911751            </para>
    912752          </listitem>
     
    930770
    931771        <para>
    932           In Linux and Solaris guests, VirtualBox graphics and mouse
    933           integration goes through the X Window System. VirtualBox can
    934           use the X.Org variant of the system, or XFree86 version 4.3
    935           which is identical to the first X.Org release. During the
    936           installation process, the X.Org display server will be set up
    937           to use the graphics and mouse drivers which come with the
    938           Guest Additions.
     772          In Linux and Oracle Solaris guests, &product-name; graphics
     773          and mouse integration goes through the X Window System.
     774          &product-name; can use the X.Org variant of the system, or
     775          XFree86 version 4.3 which is identical to the first X.Org
     776          release. During the installation process, the X.Org display
     777          server will be set up to use the graphics and mouse drivers
     778          which come with the Guest Additions.
    939779        </para>
    940780
    941781        <para>
    942782          After installing the Guest Additions into a fresh installation
    943           of a supported Linux distribution or Solaris system, many
    944           unsupported systems will work correctly too, the guest's
    945           graphics mode will change to fit the size of the VirtualBox
    946           window on the host when it is resized. You can also ask the
    947           guest system to switch to a particular resolution by sending a
    948           video mode hint using the
    949           <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput> tool.
     783          of a supported Linux distribution or Oracle Solaris system,
     784          many unsupported systems will work correctly too, the guest's
     785          graphics mode will change to fit the size of the
     786          &product-name; window on the host when it is resized. You can
     787          also ask the guest system to switch to a particular resolution
     788          by sending a video mode hint using the
     789          <command>VBoxManage</command> tool.
    950790        </para>
    951791
     
    988828          virtual machine and wish to remove it without installing new
    989829          ones, you can do so by inserting the Guest Additions CD image
    990           into the virtual CD-ROM drive as described above and running
    991           the installer for the current Guest Additions with the
     830          into the virtual CD-ROM drive as described above. Then run the
     831          installer for the current Guest Additions with the
    992832          <computeroutput>uninstall</computeroutput> parameter from the
    993           path that the CD image is mounted on in the guest:
     833          path that the CD image is mounted on in the guest, as follows:
     834        </para>
    994835
    995836<screen>sh ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run uninstall</screen>
    996         </para>
    997837
    998838        <para>
     
    1006846
    1007847        <para>
    1008           Starting with version 3.1.0, you can uninstall the Additions
    1009           as follows:
     848          You can uninstall the Additions as follows:
    1010849        </para>
    1011850
     
    1024863    <sect2 id="additions-solaris">
    1025864
    1026       <title>Guest Additions for Solaris</title>
    1027 
    1028       <para>
    1029         Like the Windows Guest Additions, the VirtualBox Guest Additions
    1030         for Solaris take the form of a set of device drivers and system
    1031         applications which may be installed in the guest operating
    1032         system.
    1033       </para>
    1034 
    1035       <para>
    1036         The following Solaris distributions are officially supported:
     865      <title>Guest Additions for Oracle Solaris</title>
     866
     867      <para>
     868        Like the Windows Guest Additions, the &product-name; Guest
     869        Additions for Oracle Solaris take the form of a set of device
     870        drivers and system applications which may be installed in the
     871        guest operating system.
     872      </para>
     873
     874      <para>
     875        The following Oracle Solaris distributions are officially
     876        supported:
    1037877      </para>
    1038878
     
    1041881        <listitem>
    1042882          <para>
    1043             Solaris 11, including Solaris 11 Express
    1044           </para>
    1045         </listitem>
    1046 
    1047         <listitem>
    1048           <para>
    1049             Solaris 10 u5 and higher
     883            Oracle Solaris 11, including Oracle Solaris 11 Express
     884          </para>
     885        </listitem>
     886
     887        <listitem>
     888          <para>
     889            Oracle Solaris 10 4/08 and later
    1050890          </para>
    1051891        </listitem>
     
    1060900      <sect3 id="additions-solaris-install">
    1061901
    1062         <title>Installing the Solaris Guest Additions</title>
    1063 
    1064         <para>
    1065           The VirtualBox Guest Additions for Solaris are provided on the
    1066           same ISO CD-ROM as the Additions for Windows and Linux. They
    1067           come with an installation program that guides you through the
    1068           setup process.
     902        <title>Installing the Oracle Solaris Guest Additions</title>
     903
     904        <para>
     905          The &product-name; Guest Additions for Oracle Solaris are
     906          provided on the same ISO CD-ROM as the Additions for Windows
     907          and Linux. They come with an installation program that guides
     908          you through the setup process.
    1069909        </para>
    1070910
     
    1079919              Mount the
    1080920              <computeroutput>VBoxGuestAdditions.iso</computeroutput>
    1081               file as your Solaris guest's virtual CD-ROM drive, exactly
    1082               the same way as described for a Windows guest in
     921              file as your Oracle Solaris guest's virtual CD-ROM drive,
     922              exactly the same way as described for a Windows guest in
    1083923              <xref
    1084924            linkend="mountingadditionsiso" />.
     
    1087927            <para>
    1088928              If the CD-ROM drive on the guest does not get mounted, as
    1089               seen with some versions of Solaris 10, run the following
    1090               command as root:
     929              seen with some versions of Oracle Solaris 10, run the
     930              following command as root:
    1091931            </para>
    1092932
     
    1118958      <sect3 id="additions-solaris-uninstall">
    1119959
    1120         <title>Uninstalling the Solaris Guest Additions</title>
    1121 
    1122         <para>
    1123           The Solaris Guest Additions can be safely removed by removing
    1124           the package from the guest. Open a root terminal session and
    1125           run the following command:
    1126         </para>
    1127 
    1128         <para>
     960        <title>Uninstalling the Oracle Solaris Guest Additions</title>
     961
     962        <para>
     963          The Oracle Solaris Guest Additions can be safely removed by
     964          removing the package from the guest. Open a root terminal
     965          session and run the following command:
     966        </para>
     967
    1129968<screen>pkgrm SUNWvboxguest</screen>
    1130         </para>
    1131969
    1132970      </sect3>
     
    1134972      <sect3 id="additions-solaris-updating">
    1135973
    1136         <title>Updating the Solaris Guest Additions</title>
     974        <title>Updating the Oracle Solaris Guest Additions</title>
    1137975
    1138976        <para>
     
    1152990
    1153991      <para>
    1154         VirtualBox also ships with a set of drivers that improve running
    1155         OS/2 in a virtual machine. Due to restrictions of OS/2 itself,
    1156         this variant of the Guest Additions has a limited feature set.
    1157         See <xref
    1158       linkend="KnownIssues" /> for details.
     992        &product-name; also ships with a set of drivers that improve
     993        running OS/2 in a virtual machine. Due to restrictions of OS/2
     994        itself, this variant of the Guest Additions has a limited
     995        feature set. See <xref
     996      linkend="KnownIssues" /> for
     997        details.
    1159998      </para>
    1160999
     
    11821021
    11831022    <para>
    1184       With the <emphasis>shared folders</emphasis> feature of VirtualBox, you
    1185       can access files of your host system from within the guest system. This
    1186       is similar how you would use network shares in Windows networks, except
    1187       that shared folders do not require networking, only the Guest Additions.
    1188       Shared Folders are supported with Windows 2000 or later, Linux, and
    1189       Solaris guests.  (There are also experimental support for Mac OS X and
    1190       OS/2 guests shipping with VirtualBox 6.0.)
    1191     </para>
    1192 
    1193     <para>
    1194       Shared folders physically reside on the <emphasis>host</emphasis> and are
    1195       then shared with the guest, which uses a special file system driver in
    1196       the Guest Addition to talk to the host.  For Windows guests, shared
    1197       folders are implemented as a pseudo-network redirector.  For Linux and
    1198       Solaris guests, the Guest Additions provide a virtual file system.
    1199     </para>
    1200 
    1201     <para>
    1202       To share a host folder with a virtual machine in VirtualBox, you
    1203       must specify the path of that folder and choose a <emphasis>share name</emphasis>
    1204       for it.  This happens on the host.   In the guest you then uses the name
    1205       connect to it and access the files.
     1023      With the <emphasis>shared folders</emphasis> feature of
     1024      &product-name;, you can access files of your host system from
     1025      within the guest system. This is similar to how you would use
     1026      network shares in Windows networks, except that shared folders do
     1027      not require networking, only the Guest Additions. Shared folders
     1028      are supported with Windows 2000 or later, Linux, and Oracle
     1029      Solaris guests. &product-name; release 6.0 includes experimental
     1030      support for Mac OS X and OS/2 guests.
     1031    </para>
     1032
     1033    <para>
     1034      Shared folders physically reside on the <emphasis>host</emphasis>
     1035      and are then shared with the guest, which uses a special file
     1036      system driver in the Guest Additions to talk to the host. For
     1037      Windows guests, shared folders are implemented as a pseudo-network
     1038      redirector. For Linux and Oracle Solaris guests, the Guest
     1039      Additions provide a virtual file system.
     1040    </para>
     1041
     1042    <para>
     1043      To share a host folder with a virtual machine in &product-name;,
     1044      you must specify the path of the folder and choose a
     1045      <emphasis>share name</emphasis> that the guest can use to access
     1046      the shared folder. This happens on the host. In the guest you can
     1047      then use the share name to connect to it and access files.
    12061048    </para>
    12071049
     
    12251067        <para>
    12261068          If a VM is not currently running, you can configure shared
    1227           folders in the virtual machine's Settings dialog.
     1069          folders in the virtual machine's
     1070          <emphasis role="bold">Settings</emphasis> dialog.
    12281071        </para>
    12291072      </listitem>
     
    12321075        <para>
    12331076          From the command line, you can create shared folders using
    1234           VBoxManage, as follows:
     1077          <command>VBoxManage</command>, as follows:
    12351078        </para>
    12361079
     
    12481091    </para>
    12491092
    1250     <orderedlist>
     1093    <itemizedlist>
    12511094
    12521095      <listitem>
    12531096        <para>
    1254           Permanent shares that are saved with the VM settings.
     1097          Permanent shares, that are saved with the VM settings.
    12551098        </para>
    12561099      </listitem>
     
    12581101      <listitem>
    12591102        <para>
    1260           Transient shares that are added at runtime and disappear when the VM
    1261           is powered off.  There is a checkbox for this in the GUI and
    1262           VBoxManage has a <computeroutput>--transient</computeroutput> option
    1263           for it.
     1103          Transient shares, that are added at runtime and disappear when
     1104          the VM is powered off. These can be created using a checkbox
     1105          in the VirtualBox Manager, or by using the
     1106          <computeroutput>--transient</computeroutput> option of the
     1107          <command>VBoxManage sharedfolder add</command> command.
    12641108        </para>
    12651109      </listitem>
    12661110
    1267     </orderedlist>
    1268 
    1269     <para>
    1270       Shared folders can either be read-write or read-only, meaning the guest
    1271       is either allowed to both read and write or just read files on the host.
    1272       There is a checkbox for read-only in the GUI, default being read-write,
    1273       and similarly a <computeroutput>--readonly</computeroutput> option for
    1274       VBoxManage.
    1275     </para>
    1276 
    1277     <para>
    1278       Starting with version 4.0, VirtualBox shared folders also support
    1279       symbolic links (<emphasis>symlinks</emphasis>), under the
    1280       following conditions:
    1281     </para>
    1282 
    1283     <orderedlist>
     1111    </itemizedlist>
     1112
     1113    <para>
     1114      Shared folders can either be read-write or read-only. This means
     1115      that the guest is either allowed to both read and write, or just
     1116      read files on the host. By default, shared folders are read-write.
     1117      Read-only folders can be created using a checkbox in the
     1118      VirtualBox Manager, or with the
     1119      <computeroutput>--readonly</computeroutput> option of the
     1120      <command>VBoxManage sharedfolder add</command> command.
     1121    </para>
     1122
     1123    <para>
     1124      &product-name; shared folders also support symbolic links, also
     1125      called <emphasis>symlinks</emphasis>, under the following
     1126      conditions:
     1127    </para>
     1128
     1129    <itemizedlist>
    12841130
    12851131      <listitem>
    12861132        <para>
    12871133          The host operating system must support symlinks. For example,
    1288           a Mac OS X, Linux, or Solaris host is required.
     1134          a Mac OS X, Linux, or Oracle Solaris host is required.
    12891135        </para>
    12901136      </listitem>
     
    12921138      <listitem>
    12931139        <para>
    1294           Currently only Linux and Solaris Guest Additions support
    1295           symlinks.
     1140          Currently only Linux and Oracle Solaris Guest Additions
     1141          support symlinks.
    12961142        </para>
    12971143      </listitem>
     
    13081154      </listitem>
    13091155
    1310     </orderedlist>
     1156    </itemizedlist>
    13111157
    13121158    <sect2 id="sf_mount_manual">
     
    13281174            and look for the folder in <emphasis role="bold">My
    13291175            Networking Place</emphasis>s, <emphasis role="bold">Entire
    1330             Network</emphasis>, <emphasis role="bold">VirtualBox Shared
    1331             Folders</emphasis>. By right-clicking on a shared folder and
    1332             selecting <emphasis role="bold">Map Network Drive</emphasis>
    1333             from the menu that pops up, you can assign a drive letter to
    1334             that shared folder.
     1176            Network</emphasis>, <emphasis role="bold">&product-name;
     1177            Shared Folders</emphasis>. By right-clicking on a shared
     1178            folder and selecting <emphasis role="bold">Map Network
     1179            Drive</emphasis> from the menu that pops up, you can assign
     1180            a drive letter to that shared folder.
    13351181          </para>
    13361182
     
    13481194            the drive letter that you want to use for the share, and
    13491195            <replaceable>sharename</replaceable> with the share name
    1350             specified with <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput>.
     1196            specified with <command>VBoxManage</command>.
    13511197          </para>
    13521198        </listitem>
     
    13691215        <listitem>
    13701216          <para>
    1371             In a Solaris guest, use the following command:
     1217            In a Oracle Solaris guest, use the following command:
    13721218          </para>
    13731219
     
    13771223            Replace <replaceable>sharename</replaceable>, use a
    13781224            lowercase string, with the share name specified with
    1379             <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput> or the GUI.
    1380             Replace <replaceable>mountpoint</replaceable> with the path
    1381             where you want the share to be mounted on the guest, such as
     1225            <command>VBoxManage</command> or the GUI. Replace
     1226            <replaceable>mountpoint</replaceable> with the path where
     1227            you want the share to be mounted on the guest, such as
    13821228            <computeroutput>/mnt/share</computeroutput>. The usual mount
    13831229            rules apply. For example, create this directory first if it
     
    13871233          <para>
    13881234            Here is an example of mounting the shared folder for the
    1389             user jack on Solaris:
     1235            user jack on Oracle Solaris:
    13901236          </para>
    13911237
     
    14011247          <para>
    14021248            Beyond the standard options supplied by the
    1403             <computeroutput>mount</computeroutput> command, the
    1404             following are available:
     1249            <command>mount</command> command, the following are
     1250            available:
    14051251          </para>
    14061252
     
    14381284        <listitem>
    14391285          <para>
    1440             In an OS/2 guest, use VBoxControl to manage shared folders:
     1286            In an OS/2 guest, use the <command>VBoxControl</command>
     1287            command to manage shared folders. For example:
    14411288          </para>
    14421289
    14431290<screen>VBoxControl sharedfolder use D: MyShareName
    1444 VBoxControl sharedfolder unuse D:
     1291VBoxControl sharedfolder unuse D: 
    14451292VBoxControl sharedfolder list</screen>
    14461293
    1447           <para>Like for Windows guests, shared folders can also be accessed via
    1448             UNC using <computeroutput>\\VBoxSF\</computeroutput>,
     1294          <para>
     1295            As with Windows guests, shared folders can also be accessed
     1296            via UNC using <computeroutput>\\VBoxSF\</computeroutput>,
    14491297            <computeroutput>\\VBoxSvr\</computeroutput> or
    1450             <computeroutput>\\VBoxSrv\</computeroutput> as the server name and
    1451             the shared folder name as share.
     1298            <computeroutput>\\VBoxSrv\</computeroutput> as the server
     1299            name and the shared folder name as
     1300            <replaceable>sharename</replaceable>.
    14521301          </para>
    14531302        </listitem>
     
    14621311
    14631312      <para>
    1464         VirtualBox provides the option to mount shared folders
    1465         automatically.   When automatic mounting is enabled for a shared
    1466         folder, the guest additions service will mount it for you.  A
    1467         preferred drive letter (Windows, OS/2) or mount point directory
    1468         (Linux, Solaris) can also be specified if desired.</para>
    1469 
    1470       <para>
    1471         When no drive letter or mount point is given, or should it be
    1472         in use already, an alternative location will be found
    1473 
    1474         the service will search for an alternative
    1475         location depending on the guest OS:</para>
     1313        &product-name; provides the option to mount shared folders
     1314        automatically. When automatic mounting is enabled for a shared
     1315        folder, the Guest Additions service will mount it for you
     1316        automatically. For Windows or OS/2, a preferred drive letter can
     1317        also be specified. For Linux or Oracle Solaris, a mount point
     1318        directory can also be specified.
     1319      </para>
     1320
     1321      <para>
     1322        If a drive letter or mount point is not specified, or is in use
     1323        already, an alternative location is found by the Guest Additions
     1324        service. The service searches for an alternative location
     1325        depending on the guest OS, as follows:
     1326      </para>
    14761327
    14771328      <itemizedlist>
     
    14791330        <listitem>
    14801331          <para>
    1481             <emphasis role="bold">Windows and OS/2 guests:</emphasis>
    1482             Search for a free drive letter starting at
    1483             <computeroutput>Z:</computeroutput>.  If all drive letter are
    1484             assigned, the folder will not be mounted.
    1485           </para>
    1486         </listitem>
    1487 
    1488         <listitem>
    1489           <para>
    1490             <emphasis role="bold">Linux and Solaris guests:</emphasis>
    1491             Folders are mounted under the <computeroutput>/media</computeroutput>
    1492             directory.  The folder name is normalized (no spaces, slashes,
    1493             colons) and prefixed with <computeroutput>sf_</computeroutput>.
    1494             Say you have a shared folder called <computeroutput>myfiles</computeroutput>
    1495             it will appear as <computeroutput>/media/sf_myfiles</computeroutput> in the guest.
     1332            <emphasis role="bold">Windows and OS/2 guests.</emphasis>
     1333            Search for a free drive letter, starting at
     1334            <computeroutput>Z:</computeroutput>. If all drive letters
     1335            are assigned, the folder is not mounted.
     1336          </para>
     1337        </listitem>
     1338
     1339        <listitem>
     1340          <para>
     1341            <emphasis role="bold">Linux and Oracle Solaris
     1342            guests.</emphasis> Folders are mounted under the
     1343            <computeroutput>/media</computeroutput> directory. The
     1344            folder name is normalized (no spaces, slashes or colons) and
     1345            is prefixed with <computeroutput>sf_</computeroutput>.
     1346          </para>
     1347
     1348          <para>
     1349            For example, if you have a shared folder called
     1350            <computeroutput>myfiles</computeroutput>, it will appear as
     1351            <computeroutput>/media/sf_myfiles</computeroutput> in the
     1352            guest.
    14961353          </para>
    14971354
    14981355          <para>
    14991356            The guest properties
    1500             <computeroutput>/VirtualBox/GuestAdd/SharedFolders/MountDir</computeroutput> and
     1357            <computeroutput>/VirtualBox/GuestAdd/SharedFolders/MountDir</computeroutput>
     1358            and
    15011359            <computeroutput>/VirtualBox/GuestAdd/SharedFolders/MountPrefix</computeroutput>
    1502             can be used override the automatic mount directory and prefix.
    1503             See <xref linkend="guestadd-guestprops" />.
    1504           </para>
    1505 
    1506         </listitem>
     1360            can be used to override the automatic mount directory and
     1361            prefix. See <xref linkend="guestadd-guestprops" />.
     1362          </para>
     1363        </listitem>
     1364
    15071365      </itemizedlist>
    15081366
    15091367      <para>
    1510         Access to an automatically mounted shared folder is granted to everyone
    1511         in a Windows guest, that includes the Guest user.  For Linux and Solaris
    1512         guests the access is restricted to members of the group
    1513         <computeroutput>vboxsf</computeroutput> and <computeroutput>root</computeroutput>.
     1368        Access to an automatically mounted shared folder is granted to
     1369        everyone in a Windows guest, including the guest user. For Linux
     1370        and Oracle Solaris guests, access is restricted to members of
     1371        the group <computeroutput>vboxsf</computeroutput> and the
     1372        <computeroutput>root</computeroutput> user.
    15141373      </para>
    15151374
     
    15231382
    15241383    <para>
    1525       Starting with version 5.0, VirtualBox enables you to drag and drop
    1526       content from the host to the guest, and vice versa. For this to
    1527       work the latest Guest Additions must be installed on the guest.
     1384      &product-name; enables you to drag and drop content from the host
     1385      to the guest, and vice versa. For this to work the latest Guest
     1386      Additions must be installed on the guest.
    15281387    </para>
    15291388
     
    15311390      Drag and drop transparently allows copying or opening files,
    15321391      directories, and even certain clipboard formats from one end to
    1533       the other. for example, from the host to the guest or from the
     1392      the other. For example, from the host to the guest or from the
    15341393      guest to the host. You then can perform drag and drop operations
    15351394      between the host and a VM, as it would be a native drag and drop
     
    15431402      most common one, XDND, is supported for now. Applications using
    15441403      other protocols, such as Motif or OffiX, will not be recognized by
    1545       VirtualBox.
     1404      &product-name;.
    15461405    </para>
    15471406
     
    15531412      Transferring data from the source to the target can be done in
    15541413      various ways, such as copying, moving, or linking.
    1555 
    1556       <footnote>
    1557 
    1558         <para>
    1559           At the moment only copying of data is supported. Moving or
    1560           linking is not yet implemented.
    1561         </para>
    1562 
    1563       </footnote>
    1564     </para>
     1414    </para>
     1415
     1416    <note>
     1417      <para>
     1418        At the moment only copying of data is supported. Moving or
     1419        linking is not yet implemented.
     1420      </para>
     1421    </note>
    15651422
    15661423    <para>
     
    15741431      For security reasons drag and drop can be configured at runtime on
    15751432      a per-VM basis either using the <emphasis role="bold">Drag and
    1576       Drop</emphasis> menu item in the "Devices" menu of the virtual
    1577       machine or VBoxManage. The following modes are available:
    1578     </para>
    1579 
    1580     <para>
     1433      Drop</emphasis> menu item in the
     1434      <emphasis role="bold">Devices</emphasis> menu of the virtual
     1435      machine, as shown below, or the <command>VBoxManage</command>.
     1436    </para>
     1437
     1438    <figure id="fig-drag-drop-options">
     1439      <title>Drag and Drop Menu Options</title>
    15811440      <mediaobject>
    15821441        <imageobject>
     
    15851444        </imageobject>
    15861445      </mediaobject>
     1446    </figure>
     1447
     1448    <para>
     1449      The following drag and drop modes are available:
    15871450    </para>
    15881451
     
    15921455        <para>
    15931456          <emphasis role="bold">Disabled.</emphasis> Disables the drag
    1594           and drop feature entirely. This is the default when creating
    1595           new VMs.
     1457          and drop feature entirely. This is the default when creating a
     1458          new VM.
    15961459        </para>
    15971460      </listitem>
     
    16141477        <para>
    16151478          <emphasis role="bold">Bidirectional.</emphasis> Enables drag
    1616           and drop operations in both directions. From from the host to
    1617           the guest, and from the guest to the host.
     1479          and drop operations in both directions: from the host to the
     1480          guest, and from the guest to the host.
    16181481        </para>
    16191482      </listitem>
     
    16301493
    16311494    <para>
    1632       To use VBoxManage for controlling the current drag and drop mode,
    1633       see <xref
    1634     linkend="vboxmanage" />. The commands
    1635       <computeroutput>modifyvm</computeroutput> and
    1636       <computeroutput>controlvm</computeroutput> allow setting of the
    1637       VM's current drag and drop mode via the command line.
     1495      To use the <command>VBoxManage</command> command to control the
     1496      current drag and drop mode, see <xref linkend="vboxmanage" />. The
     1497      <command>modifyvm</command> and <command>controlvm</command>
     1498      commands enable setting of a VM's current drag and drop mode from
     1499      the command line.
    16381500    </para>
    16391501
     
    16431505
    16441506      <para>
    1645         As VirtualBox can run on a variety of host operating systems and
    1646         also supports a wide range of guests, certain data formats must
    1647         be translated after transfer. This is so that the target
     1507        As &product-name; can run on a variety of host operating systems
     1508        and also supports a wide range of guests, certain data formats
     1509        must be translated after transfer. This is so that the target
    16481510        operating system, which receiving the data, is able to handle
    16491511        them in an appropriate manner.
     
    16601522
    16611523      <para>
    1662         The following formats are handled by the VirtualBox drag and
     1524        The following formats are handled by the &product-name; drag and
    16631525        drop service:
    16641526      </para>
     
    17041566        UAC-elevated (User Account Control) programs and
    17051567        non-UAC-elevated programs is not allowed. If you start
    1706         VirtualBox with Administrator privileges then drag and drop will
    1707         not work with Windows Explorer, which runs with regular user
    1708         privileges by default.
     1568        &product-name; with Administrator privileges then drag and drop
     1569        will not work with Windows Explorer, which runs with regular
     1570        user privileges by default.
    17091571      </para>
    17101572
     
    17221584
    17231585      <para>
    1724         The VirtualBox Guest Additions contain experimental hardware 3D
    1725         support for Windows, Linux, and Solaris guests.
    1726 
    1727         <footnote>
    1728 
    1729           <para>
    1730             OpenGL support for Windows guests was added with VirtualBox
    1731             2.1; support for Linux and Solaris followed with VirtualBox
    1732             2.2. With VirtualBox 3.0, Direct3D 8/9 support was added for
    1733             Windows guests. OpenGL 2.0 is now supported as well. With
    1734             VirtualBox 4.1 Windows Aero theme support is added for
    1735             Windows Vista and Windows 7 guests (experimental)
    1736           </para>
    1737 
    1738         </footnote>
     1586        The &product-name; Guest Additions contain experimental hardware
     1587        3D support for Windows, Linux, and Oracle Solaris guests.
    17391588      </para>
    17401589
     
    17431592        uses 3D features through the OpenGL or Direct3D 8/9 programming
    17441593        interfaces, instead of emulating them in software, which would
    1745         be slow, VirtualBox will attempt to use your host's 3D hardware.
    1746         This works for all supported host platforms, provided that your
    1747         host operating system can make use of your accelerated 3D
    1748         hardware in the first place.
     1594        be slow, &product-name; will attempt to use your host's 3D
     1595        hardware. This works for all supported host platforms, provided
     1596        that your host operating system can make use of your accelerated
     1597        3D hardware in the first place.
    17491598      </para>
    17501599
     
    17581607        <listitem>
    17591608          <para>
    1760             It is only available for certain Windows, Linux, and Solaris
    1761             guests. In particular:
     1609            It is only available for certain Windows, Linux, and Oracle
     1610            Solaris guests. In particular:
    17621611          </para>
    17631612
     
    17671616              <para>
    17681617                3D acceleration with Windows guests requires Windows
    1769                 2000, Windows XP, Vista or Windows 7. Both OpenGL and
    1770                 Direct3D 8/9 (not with Windows 2000) are supported
    1771                 (experimental).
     1618                2000, Windows XP, Vista, or Windows 7. Apart from on
     1619                Windows 2000 guests, both OpenGL and Direct3D 8/9 are
     1620                supported on an experimental basis.
    17721621              </para>
    17731622            </listitem>
     
    17751624            <listitem>
    17761625              <para>
    1777                 OpenGL on Linux requires kernel 2.6.27 and higher as
    1778                 well as X.org server version 1.5 and higher. Ubuntu
    1779                 10.10 and Fedora 14 have been tested and confirmed as
    1780                 working.
     1626                OpenGL on Linux requires kernel 2.6.27 or later, as well
     1627                as X.org server version 1.5 or later. Ubuntu 10.10 and
     1628                Fedora 14 have been tested and confirmed as working.
    17811629              </para>
    17821630            </listitem>
     
    17841632            <listitem>
    17851633              <para>
    1786                 OpenGL on Solaris guests requires X.org server version
    1787                 1.5 and higher.
     1634                OpenGL on Oracle Solaris guests requires X.org server
     1635                version 1.5 or later.
    17881636              </para>
    17891637            </listitem>
     
    18001648            <para>
    18011649              For the basic Direct3D acceleration to work in a Windows
    1802               Guest, VirtualBox needs to replace Windows system files in
    1803               the virtual machine. As a result, the Guest Additions
    1804               installation program offers Direct3D acceleration as an
    1805               option that must be explicitly enabled. Also, you must
    1806               install the Guest Additions in Safe Mode. This does
    1807               <emphasis>not</emphasis> apply to the WDDM Direct3D video
    1808               driver available for Vista and higher. See
    1809               <xref linkend="KnownIssues" /> for details.
     1650              Guest, &product-name; needs to replace Windows system
     1651              files in the virtual machine. As a result, the Guest
     1652              Additions installation program offers Direct3D
     1653              acceleration as an option that must be explicitly enabled.
     1654              Also, you must install the Guest Additions in Safe Mode.
     1655              This does <emphasis>not</emphasis> apply to the WDDM
     1656              Direct3D video driver available for Windows Vista and
     1657              later. See <xref linkend="KnownIssues" /> for details.
    18101658            </para>
    18111659          </note>
     
    18241672            <para>
    18251673              Untrusted guest systems should not be allowed to use
    1826               VirtualBox's 3D acceleration features, just as untrusted
    1827               host software should not be allowed to use 3D
     1674              &product-name;'s 3D acceleration features, just as
     1675              untrusted host software should not be allowed to use 3D
    18281676              acceleration. Drivers for 3D hardware are generally too
    18291677              complex to be made properly secure and any software which
     
    18311679              operating system running them. In addition, enabling 3D
    18321680              acceleration gives the guest direct access to a large body
    1833               of additional program code in the VirtualBox host process
    1834               which it might conceivably be able to use to crash the
    1835               virtual machine.
     1681              of additional program code in the &product-name; host
     1682              process which it might conceivably be able to use to crash
     1683              the virtual machine.
    18361684            </para>
    18371685          </note>
     
    18411689
    18421690      <para>
    1843         To enable Aero theme support, the VirtualBox WDDM video driver
    1844         must be installed, which is available with the Guest Additions
    1845         installation. The WDDM driver is not installed by default for
    1846         Vista and Windows 7 guest and must be <emphasis>manually
    1847         selected</emphasis> in the Guest Additions installer by clicking
    1848         <emphasis role="bold">No</emphasis> in the
     1691        To enable Aero theme support, the &product-name; WDDM video
     1692        driver must be installed, which is available with the Guest
     1693        Additions installation. The WDDM driver is not installed by
     1694        default for Vista and Windows 7 guest and must be
     1695        <emphasis>manually selected</emphasis> in the Guest Additions
     1696        installer by clicking <emphasis role="bold">No</emphasis> in the
    18491697        <emphasis role="bold">Would You Like to Install Basic Direct3D
    18501698        Support</emphasis> dialog displayed when the Direct3D feature is
     
    18651713            <emphasis role="bold">Personalize</emphasis>, then select
    18661714            <emphasis role="bold">Windows Color and
    1867             Appearance</emphasis> in the Personalization window. In the
    1868             Appearance Settings dialog, select
    1869             <emphasis role="bold">Windows Aero</emphasis> and click
    1870             <emphasis role="bold">OK</emphasis>.
     1715            Appearance</emphasis> in the
     1716            <emphasis role="bold">Personalization</emphasis> window. In
     1717            the <emphasis role="bold">Appearance Settings</emphasis>
     1718            dialog, select <emphasis role="bold">Windows Aero</emphasis>
     1719            and click <emphasis role="bold">OK</emphasis>.
    18711720          </para>
    18721721        </listitem>
     
    18771726            Right-click on the desktop and select
    18781727            <emphasis role="bold">Personalize</emphasis>. Select any
    1879             Aero theme in the Personalization window.
     1728            Aero theme in the
     1729            <emphasis role="bold">Personalization</emphasis> window.
    18801730          </para>
    18811731        </listitem>
     
    18841734
    18851735      <para>
    1886         Technically, VirtualBox implements this by installing an
     1736        Technically, &product-name; implements this by installing an
    18871737        additional hardware 3D driver inside your guest when the Guest
    18881738        Additions are installed. This driver acts as a hardware 3D
    18891739        driver and reports to the guest operating system that the
    1890         (virtual) hardware is capable of 3D hardware acceleration. When
    1891         an application in the guest then requests hardware acceleration
     1740        virtual hardware is capable of 3D hardware acceleration. When an
     1741        application in the guest then requests hardware acceleration
    18921742        through the OpenGL or Direct3D programming interfaces, these are
    18931743        sent to the host through a special communication tunnel
    1894         implemented by VirtualBox, and then the
     1744        implemented by &product-name;, and then the
    18951745        <emphasis>host</emphasis> performs the requested 3D operation
    1896         via the host's programming interfaces.
     1746        using the host's programming interfaces.
    18971747      </para>
    18981748
     
    19041754
    19051755      <para>
    1906         Starting with version 3.1, the VirtualBox Guest Additions
    1907         contain experimental hardware 2D video acceleration support for
    1908         Windows guests.
     1756        The &product-name; Guest Additions contain experimental hardware
     1757        2D video acceleration support for Windows guests.
    19091758      </para>
    19101759
     
    19121761        With this feature, if an application such as a video player
    19131762        inside your Windows VM uses 2D video overlays to play a movie
    1914         clip, then VirtualBox will attempt to use your host's video
     1763        clip, then &product-name; will attempt to use your host's video
    19151764        acceleration hardware instead of performing overlay stretching
    19161765        and color conversion in software, which would be slow. This
     
    19291778        <listitem>
    19301779          <para>
    1931             Only available for Windows guests (XP or later).
     1780            Only available for Windows guests, running Windows XP or
     1781            later.
    19321782          </para>
    19331783        </listitem>
     
    19521802
    19531803      <para>
    1954         Technically, VirtualBox implements this by exposing video
     1804        Technically, &product-name; implements this by exposing video
    19551805        overlay DirectDraw capabilities in the Guest Additions video
    19561806        driver. The driver sends all overlay commands to the host
    19571807        through a special communication tunnel implemented by
    1958         VirtualBox. On the host side, OpenGL is then used to implement
    1959         color space transformation and scaling
     1808        &product-name;. On the host side, OpenGL is then used to
     1809        implement color space transformation and scaling
    19601810      </para>
    19611811
     
    19701820    <para>
    19711821      With the <emphasis>seamless windows</emphasis> feature of
    1972       VirtualBox, you can have the windows that are displayed within a
    1973       virtual machine appear side by side next to the windows of your
     1822      &product-name;, you can have the windows that are displayed within
     1823      a virtual machine appear side by side next to the windows of your
    19741824      host. This feature is supported for the following guest operating
    19751825      systems, provided that the Guest Additions are installed:
     
    19801830      <listitem>
    19811831        <para>
    1982           Windows guests (support added with VirtualBox 1.5)
     1832          Windows guests. Support was added in &product-name; 1.5.
    19831833        </para>
    19841834      </listitem>
     
    19861836      <listitem>
    19871837        <para>
    1988           Supported Linux or Solaris guests running the X Window System
    1989           (added with VirtualBox 1.6)
     1838          Supported Linux or Oracle Solaris guests running the X Window
     1839          System. Support was added with &product-name; 1.6.
    19901840        </para>
    19911841      </listitem>
     
    19941844
    19951845    <para>
    1996       After seamless windows are enabled, VirtualBox suppresses the
     1846      After seamless windows are enabled, &product-name; suppresses the
    19971847      display of the desktop background of your guest, allowing you to
    19981848      run the windows of your guest operating system seamlessly next to
     
    20001850    </para>
    20011851
    2002     <mediaobject>
    2003       <imageobject>
    2004         <imagedata align="center" fileref="images/seamless.png" width="14cm" />
    2005       </imageobject>
    2006     </mediaobject>
     1852    <figure id="fig-seamless-windows">
     1853      <title>Seamless Windows on a Host Desktop</title>
     1854      <mediaobject>
     1855        <imageobject>
     1856          <imagedata align="center" fileref="images/seamless.png" width="14cm" />
     1857        </imageobject>
     1858      </mediaobject>
     1859    </figure>
    20071860
    20081861    <para>
     
    20231876
    20241877    <para>
    2025       Starting with version 2.1, VirtualBox enables requesting of
    2026       certain properties from a running guest, provided that the
    2027       VirtualBox Guest Additions are installed and the VM is running.
    2028       This provides the following advantages:
     1878      &product-name; enables requests of some properties from a running
     1879      guest, provided that the &product-name; Guest Additions are
     1880      installed and the VM is running. This provides the following
     1881      advantages:
    20291882    </para>
    20301883
     
    20341887        <para>
    20351888          A number of predefined VM characteristics are automatically
    2036           maintained by VirtualBox and can be retrieved on the host. For
    2037           example, to monitor VM performance and statistics.
     1889          maintained by &product-name; and can be retrieved on the host.
     1890          For example, to monitor VM performance and statistics.
    20381891        </para>
    20391892      </listitem>
     
    20491902
    20501903    <para>
    2051       To accomplish this, VirtualBox establishes a private communication
    2052       channel between the VirtualBox Guest Additions and the host, and
    2053       software on both sides can use this channel to exchange string
    2054       data for arbitrary purposes. Guest properties are simply string
    2055       keys to which a value is attached. They can be set, or written to,
    2056       by either the host and the guest. They can also be read from both
    2057       sides.
     1904      To accomplish this, &product-name; establishes a private
     1905      communication channel between the &product-name; Guest Additions
     1906      and the host, and software on both sides can use this channel to
     1907      exchange string data for arbitrary purposes. Guest properties are
     1908      simply string keys to which a value is attached. They can be set,
     1909      or written to, by either the host and the guest. They can also be
     1910      read from both sides.
    20581911    </para>
    20591912
     
    20611914      In addition to establishing the general mechanism of reading and
    20621915      writing values, a set of predefined guest properties is
    2063       automatically maintained by the VirtualBox Guest Additions to
     1916      automatically maintained by the &product-name; Guest Additions to
    20641917      allow for retrieving interesting guest data such as the guest's
    20651918      exact operating system and service pack level, the installed
     
    20741927      Some of this runtime information is shown when you select
    20751928      <emphasis role="bold">Session Information Dialog</emphasis> from a
    2076       virtual machine's Machine menu.
    2077     </para>
    2078 
    2079     <para>
    2080       A more flexible way to use this channel is via the
    2081       <computeroutput>VBoxManage guestproperty</computeroutput> command.
    2082       See <xref linkend="vboxmanage-guestproperty" />. For example, to
    2083       have <emphasis>all</emphasis> the available guest properties for a
     1929      virtual machine's <emphasis role="bold">Machine</emphasis> menu.
     1930    </para>
     1931
     1932    <para>
     1933      A more flexible way to use this channel is with the
     1934      <command>VBoxManage guestproperty</command> command. See
     1935      <xref linkend="vboxmanage-guestproperty" />. For example, to have
     1936      <emphasis>all</emphasis> the available guest properties for a
    20841937      given running VM listed with their respective values, use this
    20851938      command:
     
    21582011      To add or change guest properties from the guest, use the tool
    21592012      <computeroutput>VBoxControl</computeroutput>. This tool is
    2160       included in the Guest Additions of VirtualBox 2.2 or later. When
    2161       started from a Linux guest, this tool requires root privileges for
    2162       security reasons:
     2013      included in the Guest Additions of &product-name; 2.2 or later.
     2014      When started from a Linux guest, this tool requires root
     2015      privileges for security reasons:
    21632016    </para>
    21642017
     
    21752028
    21762029    <para>
    2177       For more complex needs, you can use the VirtualBox programming
     2030      For more complex needs, you can use the &product-name; programming
    21782031      interfaces. See <xref linkend="VirtualBoxAPI" />.
    21792032    </para>
     
    21812034  </sect1>
    21822035
     2036  <sect1 id="guestadd-gc-file-manager">
     2037
     2038    <title>Guest Control File Manager</title>
     2039
     2040    <para>
     2041      The Guest Control File Manager is a feature of the Guest Additions
     2042      that enables easy copying and moving of files between a guest and
     2043      the host system.
     2044    </para>
     2045
     2046    <para>
     2047      Other file management operations are supported, such as creating
     2048      new folders and renaming files or deleting files.
     2049    </para>
     2050
     2051    <figure id="fig-guest-control-fm">
     2052      <title>Guest Control File Manager</title>
     2053      <mediaobject>
     2054        <imageobject>
     2055          <imagedata align="center" fileref="images/guest-fm.png"
     2056            width="10cm" />
     2057        </imageobject>
     2058      </mediaobject>
     2059    </figure>
     2060
     2061    <para>
     2062      The Guest Control File Manager works by mounting the host file
     2063      system. Guest users must authenticate and create a guest session
     2064      before they can transfer files.
     2065    </para>
     2066
     2067    <sect2 id="guestadd-gc-file-manager-using">
     2068
     2069      <title>Using the Guest Control File Manager</title>
     2070
     2071      <para>
     2072        The following steps describe how to use the Guest Control File
     2073        Manager.
     2074      </para>
     2075
     2076      <orderedlist>
     2077
     2078        <listitem>
     2079          <para>
     2080            Display the Guest Control File Manager.
     2081          </para>
     2082
     2083          <para>
     2084            In the guest VM, select
     2085            <emphasis role="bold">Machine</emphasis>,
     2086            <emphasis role="bold">File Manager</emphasis>.
     2087          </para>
     2088
     2089          <para>
     2090            The Guest Control File Manager is displayed. Files on the
     2091            host system are shown in the left pane.
     2092          </para>
     2093        </listitem>
     2094
     2095        <listitem>
     2096          <para>
     2097            Create a guest session.
     2098          </para>
     2099
     2100          <para>
     2101            In the panel at the bottom of the Guest Control File
     2102            Manager, enter authentication credentials for a user on the
     2103            guest system.
     2104          </para>
     2105
     2106          <para>
     2107            Click <emphasis role="bold">Create Session</emphasis>.
     2108          </para>
     2109
     2110          <para>
     2111            The guest VM file system is shown in the right pane of the
     2112            Guest Control File Manager.
     2113          </para>
     2114        </listitem>
     2115
     2116        <listitem>
     2117          <para>
     2118            Transfer files between the guest and the host.
     2119          </para>
     2120
     2121          <para>
     2122            Use the file transfer icons to copy or move files between
     2123            the guest and host.
     2124          </para>
     2125
     2126          <para>
     2127            You can copy and move files from guest to host, or from host
     2128            to guest.
     2129          </para>
     2130        </listitem>
     2131
     2132        <listitem>
     2133          <para>
     2134            Close down the Guest Control File Manager.
     2135          </para>
     2136
     2137          <para>
     2138            Click <emphasis role="bold">Close</emphasis>. The guest
     2139            session is ended and the Guest Control File Manager is
     2140            closed down.
     2141          </para>
     2142        </listitem>
     2143
     2144      </orderedlist>
     2145
     2146    </sect2>
     2147
     2148  </sect1>
     2149
    21832150  <sect1 id="guestadd-guestcontrol">
    21842151
    2185     <title>Guest Control</title>
    2186 
    2187     <para>
    2188       Starting with version 3.2, the Guest Additions of VirtualBox allow
    2189       starting applications inside a VM from the host system.
     2152    <title>Guest Control of Applications</title>
     2153
     2154    <para>
     2155      The Guest Additions enable starting of applications inside a VM
     2156      from the host system.
    21902157    </para>
    21912158
     
    22052172
    22062173    <para>
    2207       Starting with version 4.0, the Guest Additions for Windows allow
    2208       for automatic updating. This applies for already installed Guest
    2209       Additions version 4.0 or later. Also, copying files from host to
    2210       the guest as well as remotely creating guest directories is
    2211       available.
    2212     </para>
    2213 
    2214     <para>
    2215       To use these features, use the VirtualBox command line. See
    2216       <xref
    2217     linkend="vboxmanage-guestcontrol" />.
     2174      The Guest Additions for Windows allow for automatic updating. This
     2175      applies for already installed Guest Additions version 4.0 or
     2176      later. Also, copying files from host to the guest as well as
     2177      remotely creating guest directories is available.
     2178    </para>
     2179
     2180    <para>
     2181      To use these features, use the &product-name; command line. See
     2182      <xref linkend="vboxmanage-guestcontrol" />.
    22182183    </para>
    22192184
     
    22372202
    22382203      <para>
    2239         Starting with version 3.2, the Guest Additions of VirtualBox can
    2240         change the amount of host memory that a VM uses while the
    2241         machine is running. Because of how this is implemented, this
    2242         feature is called <emphasis>memory ballooning</emphasis>.
     2204        The Guest Additions can change the amount of host memory that a
     2205        VM uses, while the machine is running. Because of how this is
     2206        implemented, this feature is called <emphasis>memory
     2207        ballooning</emphasis>.
    22432208      </para>
    22442209
     
    22482213          <listitem>
    22492214            <para>
    2250               VirtualBox supports memory ballooning only on 64-bit
     2215              &product-name; supports memory ballooning only on 64-bit
    22512216              hosts. It is not supported on Mac OS X hosts.
    22522217            </para>
     
    22742239
    22752240      <para>
    2276         When memory ballooning is requested, the VirtualBox Guest
     2241        When memory ballooning is requested, the &product-name; Guest
    22772242        Additions, which run inside the guest, allocate physical memory
    22782243        from the guest operating system on the kernel level and lock
     
    22802245        not use that memory any longer. No guest applications can
    22812246        allocate it, and the guest kernel will not use it either.
    2282         VirtualBox can then reuse this memory and give it to another
     2247        &product-name; can then reuse this memory and give it to another
    22832248        virtual machine.
    22842249      </para>
     
    22862251      <para>
    22872252        The memory made available through the ballooning mechanism is
    2288         only available for reuse by VirtualBox. It is
     2253        only available for reuse by &product-name;. It is
    22892254        <emphasis>not</emphasis> returned as free memory to the host.
    22902255        Requesting balloon memory from a running guest will therefore
     
    23012266      <para>
    23022267        At this time, memory ballooning is only supported through
    2303         VBoxManage. Use the following command to increase or decrease
    2304         the size of the memory balloon within a running virtual machine
    2305         that has Guest Additions installed:
     2268        <command>VBoxManage</command>. Use the following command to
     2269        increase or decrease the size of the memory balloon within a
     2270        running virtual machine that has Guest Additions installed:
    23062271      </para>
    23072272
     
    23202285        requested from the VM every time after it has started up with
    23212286        the following command:
     2287      </para>
    23222288
    23232289<screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --guestmemoryballoon n</screen>
    2324       </para>
    23252290
    23262291      <para>
     
    23452310
    23462311      <para>
    2347         In a server environment running several similar VMs, for example
    2348         with identical operating systems, on the same host, lots of
    2349         memory pages are identical. VirtualBox's Page Fusion technology,
    2350         introduced with VirtualBox 3.2, is a novel technique to
    2351         efficiently identify these identical memory pages and share them
    2352         between multiple VMs.
     2312        In a server environment running several similar VMs on the same
     2313        host, lots of memory pages are identical. For example, if the
     2314        VMs are using identical operating systems. &product-name;'s Page
     2315        Fusion technology can efficiently identify these identical
     2316        memory pages and share them between multiple VMs.
    23532317      </para>
    23542318
    23552319      <note>
    23562320        <para>
    2357           VirtualBox supports Page Fusion only on 64-bit hosts, and it
    2358           is not supported on Mac OS X hosts. Page Fusion currently
     2321          &product-name; supports Page Fusion only on 64-bit hosts, and
     2322          it is not supported on Mac OS X hosts. Page Fusion currently
    23592323          works only with Windows 2000 and later guests.
    23602324        </para>
     
    23912355          <para>
    23922356            Traditional hypervisors scan <emphasis>all</emphasis> guest
    2393             memory and compute checksums (hashes) for every single
    2394             memory page. Then, they look for pages with identical hashes
    2395             and compare the entire content of those pages. If two pages
    2396             produce the same hash, it is very likely that the pages are
    2397             identical in content. This process can take rather long,
    2398             especially if the system is not idling. As a result, the
    2399             additional memory only becomes available after a significant
    2400             amount of time, such as hours or sometimes days. Even worse,
    2401             this kind of page sharing algorithm generally consumes
    2402             significant CPU resources and increases the virtualization
    2403             overhead by 10 to 20%.
    2404           </para>
    2405 
    2406           <para>
    2407             Page Fusion in VirtualBox uses logic in the VirtualBox Guest
    2408             Additions to quickly identify memory cells that are most
    2409             likely identical across VMs. It can therefore achieve most
    2410             of the possible savings of page sharing almost immediately
    2411             and with almost no overhead.
     2357            memory and compute checksums, also called hashes, for every
     2358            single memory page. Then, they look for pages with identical
     2359            hashes and compare the entire content of those pages. If two
     2360            pages produce the same hash, it is very likely that the
     2361            pages are identical in content. This process can take rather
     2362            long, especially if the system is not idling. As a result,
     2363            the additional memory only becomes available after a
     2364            significant amount of time, such as hours or sometimes days.
     2365            Even worse, this kind of page sharing algorithm generally
     2366            consumes significant CPU resources and increases the
     2367            virtualization overhead by 10 to 20%.
     2368          </para>
     2369
     2370          <para>
     2371            Page Fusion in &product-name; uses logic in the
     2372            &product-name; Guest Additions to quickly identify memory
     2373            cells that are most likely identical across VMs. It can
     2374            therefore achieve most of the possible savings of page
     2375            sharing almost immediately and with almost no overhead.
    24122376          </para>
    24132377        </listitem>
     
    24272391      <para>
    24282392        At this time, Page Fusion can only be controlled with
    2429         VBoxManage, and only while a VM is shut down. To enable Page
    2430         Fusion for a VM, use the following command:
     2393        <command>VBoxManage</command>, and only while a VM is shut down.
     2394        To enable Page Fusion for a VM, use the following command:
    24312395      </para>
    24322396
     
    24482412          Enabling Page Fusion might indirectly increase the chances for
    24492413          malicious guests to successfully attack other VMs running on
    2450           the same host. See <xref linkend="pot-insecure"/>.
     2414          the same host.
     2415
     2416<!--See <xref linkend="pot-insecure"/>.-->
    24512417        </para>
    24522418      </note>
  • trunk/doc/manual/en_US/user_Installation.xml

    r73276 r76078  
    88
    99  <title>Installation Details</title>
    10 
    1110  <para>
    12     As installation of VirtualBox varies depending on your host
    13     operating system, we provide installation instructions in four
    14     separate chapters for Windows, Mac OS X, Linux and Solaris,
    15     respectively.
     11    As installation of &product-name; varies depending on your host
     12    operating system, the following sections provide installation
     13    instructions for Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, and Oracle Solaris.
    1614  </para>
    1715
     
    3230
    3331      <para>
    34         In addition, Windows Installer 1.1 or higher must be present on
     32        In addition, Windows Installer 1.1 or later must be present on
    3533        your system. This should be the case if you have all recent
    3634        Windows updates installed.
     
    4442
    4543      <para>
    46         The VirtualBox installation can be started in either of the
     44        The &product-name; installation can be started in either of the
    4745        following ways:
    4846      </para>
     
    7674
    7775      <para>
    78         Using either way displays the installation Welcome dialog and
    79         enables you to choose where to install VirtualBox, and which
    80         components to install. In addition to the VirtualBox
    81         application, the following components are available:
     76        Using either way displays the installation
     77        <emphasis role="bold">Welcome</emphasis> dialog and enables you
     78        to choose where to install &product-name;, and which components to
     79        install. In addition to the &product-name; application, the
     80        following components are available:
    8281      </para>
    8382
     
    8887            <emphasis role="bold">USB support.</emphasis> This package
    8988            contains special drivers for your Windows host that
    90             VirtualBox requires to fully support USB devices inside your
     89            &product-name; requires to fully support USB devices inside your
    9190            virtual machines.
    9291          </para>
     
    9796            <emphasis role="bold">Networking.</emphasis> This package
    9897            contains extra networking drivers for your Windows host that
    99             VirtualBox needs to support Bridged Networking. This enables
     98            &product-name; needs to support Bridged Networking. This enables
    10099            your VM's virtual network cards to be accessed from other
    101100            machines on your physical network.
     
    106105          <para>
    107106            <emphasis role="bold">Python support.</emphasis> This
    108             package contains Python scripting support for the VirtualBox
     107            package contains Python scripting support for the &product-name;
    109108            API, see <xref linkend="VirtualBoxAPI" />. For this to work,
    110109            an already working Windows Python installation on the system
     
    120119          <note>
    121120            <para>
    122               Python version at least 2.6 is required. Since VirtualBox
     121              Python version at least 2.6 is required. Since &product-name;
    123122              5.1, Python 3 is also supported.
    124123            </para>
     
    132131        about unsigned drivers, or similar. Click
    133132        <emphasis role="bold">Continue</emphasis> for these warnings, as
    134         otherwise VirtualBox might not function correctly after
     133        otherwise &product-name; might not function correctly after
    135134        installation.
    136135      </para>
    137136
    138137      <para>
    139         The installer will create a VirtualBox group in the Windows
    140         Start menu, which allows you to launch the application and
    141         access its documentation.
    142       </para>
    143 
    144       <para>
    145         With standard settings, VirtualBox will be installed for all
     138        The installer will create a &product-name; group in the Windows
     139        <emphasis role="bold">Start</emphasis> menu, which enables you
     140        to launch the application and access its documentation.
     141      </para>
     142
     143      <para>
     144        With standard settings, &product-name; will be installed for all
    146145        users on the local system. If this is not wanted, you must
    147146        invoke the installer by first extracting as follows:
     
    152151      <para>
    153152        Then, run either of the following commands on the extracted .MSI
    154         files. This will install VirtualBox only for the current user.
     153        files. This will install &product-name; only for the current user.
    155154      </para>
    156155
     
    160159
    161160      <para>
    162         If you do not want to install all features of VirtualBox, you
     161        If you do not want to install all features of &product-name;, you
    163162        can set the optional <computeroutput>ADDLOCAL</computeroutput>
    164163        parameter to explicitly name the features to be installed. The
     
    175174          <listitem>
    176175            <para>
    177               Main binaries of VirtualBox.
    178 
    179               <note>
    180                 <para>
    181                   This feature must not be absent, since it contains the
    182                   minimum set of files to have working VirtualBox
    183                   installation.
    184                 </para>
    185               </note>
     176              Main binaries of &product-name;.
    186177            </para>
     178
     179            <note>
     180              <para>
     181                This feature must not be absent, since it contains the
     182                minimum set of files to have working &product-name;
     183                installation.
     184              </para>
     185            </note>
    187186          </listitem>
    188187        </varlistentry>
     
    250249              <para>
    251250                Python version at least 2.6 is required. Since
    252                 VirtualBox 5.1, Python 3 is also supported.
     251                &product-name; 5.1, Python 3 is also supported.
    253252              </para>
    254253            </note>
     
    293292
    294293      <para>
    295         As VirtualBox uses the standard Microsoft Windows installer,
    296         VirtualBox can be safely uninstalled at any time. Click the
     294        As &product-name; uses the standard Microsoft Windows installer,
     295        &product-name; can be safely uninstalled at any time. Click the
    297296        program entry in the <emphasis role="bold">Add/Remove
    298297        Programs</emphasis> list in the Windows Control Panel.
     
    317316
    318317      <para>
    319         Public properties can be specified via MSI API, to control
     318        Public properties can be specified with the MSI API, to control
    320319        additional behavior and features of the Windows host installer.
    321320        Use either of the following commands:
     
    338337
    339338          <para>
    340             Specifies whether or not a VirtualBox icon on the desktop
     339            Specifies whether or not an &product-name; icon on the desktop
    341340            should be created.
    342341          </para>
     
    354353
    355354          <para>
    356             Specifies whether or not a VirtualBox icon in the Quick
     355            Specifies whether or not an &product-name; icon in the Quick
    357356            Launch Bar should be created.
    358357          </para>
     
    372371            Specifies whether or not the file extensions .vbox,
    373372            .vbox-extpack, .ovf, .ova, .vdi, .vmdk, .vhd and .vdd should
    374             be associated with VirtualBox. Files of these types then
    375             will be opened with VirtualBox.
     373            be associated with &product-name;. Files of these types then
     374            will be opened with &product-name;.
    376375          </para>
    377376
     
    388387
    389388          <para>
    390             Specifies whether or not VirtualBox should be started right
     389            Specifies whether to start &product-name; right
    391390            after successful installation.
    392391          </para>
     
    413412
    414413      <para>
    415         For Mac OS X hosts, VirtualBox ships in a disk image
    416         (<computeroutput>dmg</computeroutput>) file. Perform the
    417         following steps to install on a Mac OS X host:
     414        For Mac OS X hosts, &product-name; ships in a
     415        <computeroutput>dmg</computeroutput> disk image file. Perform
     416        the following steps to install on a Mac OS X host:
    418417      </para>
    419418
     
    437436        <listitem>
    438437          <para>
    439             This will start the installer, which allows you to select
    440             where to install VirtualBox.
     438            This will start the installer, which enables you to select
     439            where to install &product-name;.
    441440          </para>
    442441        </listitem>
     
    445444
    446445      <para>
    447         After installation, you can find a VirtualBox icon in the
     446        After installation, you can find an &product-name; icon in the
    448447        "Applications" folder in the Finder.
    449448      </para>
     
    456455
    457456      <para>
    458         To uninstall VirtualBox, open the disk image
     457        To uninstall &product-name;, open the disk image
    459458        <computeroutput>dmg</computeroutput> file and double-click on
    460459        the uninstall icon shown.
     
    468467
    469468      <para>
    470         To perform a non-interactive installation of VirtualBox you can
     469        To perform a non-interactive installation of &product-name; you can
    471470        use the command line version of the installer application.
    472471      </para>
    473472
    474473      <para>
    475         Mount the disk image (<computeroutput>dmg</computeroutput>)
    476         file, as described in the installation procedure, or use the
    477         following command line:
     474        Mount the <computeroutput>dmg</computeroutput> disk image file,
     475        as described in the installation procedure, or use the following
     476        command line:
    478477      </para>
    479478
     
    507506        You will need to install the following packages on your Linux
    508507        system before starting the installation. Some systems will do
    509         this for you automatically when you install VirtualBox.
     508        this for you automatically when you install &product-name;.
    510509      </para>
    511510
     
    514513        <listitem>
    515514          <para>
    516             Qt 5.3.2 or higher. Qt 5.6.2 or higher is recommended.
    517           </para>
    518         </listitem>
    519 
    520         <listitem>
    521           <para>
    522             SDL 1.2.7 or higher. This graphics library is typically
     515            Qt 5.3.2 or later. Qt 5.6.2 or later is recommended.
     516          </para>
     517        </listitem>
     518
     519        <listitem>
     520          <para>
     521            SDL 1.2.7 or later. This graphics library is typically
    523522            called <computeroutput>libsdl</computeroutput> or similar.
    524523          </para>
     
    530529        <para>
    531530          These packages are only required if you want to run the
    532           VirtualBox graphical user interfaces. In particular,
     531          &product-name; graphical user interfaces. In particular,
    533532          <computeroutput>VirtualBox</computeroutput>, the graphical
    534           VirtualBox manager, requires both Qt and SDL.
    535           <computeroutput>VBoxSDL</computeroutput>, the simplified GUI,
    536           requires only SDL. If you only want to run
    537           <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput>, neither Qt nor
    538           SDL are required.
     533          VirtualBox Manager, requires both Qt and SDL.
     534          If you only want to run <command>VBoxHeadless</command>,
     535          neither Qt nor SDL are required.
    539536        </para>
    540537      </note>
     
    544541    <sect2 id="externalkernelmodules">
    545542
    546       <title>The VirtualBox Driver Modules</title>
     543      <title>The &product-name; Driver Modules</title>
    547544
    548545      <para>
    549546        In order to run other operating systems in virtual machines
    550         alongside your main operating system, VirtualBox needs to
     547        alongside your main operating system, &product-name; needs to
    551548        integrate very tightly into the system. To do this it installs a
    552549        driver module called <computeroutput>vboxdrv</computeroutput>
     
    554551        the part of the operating system which controls your processor
    555552        and physical hardware. Without this kernel module, you can still
    556         use the VirtualBox manager to configure virtual machines, but
     553        use the VirtualBox Manager to configure virtual machines, but
    557554        they will not start. It also installs network drivers called
    558555        <computeroutput>vboxnetflt</computeroutput> and
     
    577574        list includes some instructions for common distributions. For
    578575        most of them you may want to start by finding the version name
    579         of your kernel, using the command <computeroutput>uname
    580         -r</computeroutput> in a terminal. The instructions assume that
    581         you have not changed too much from the original installation,
    582         particularly not installed a different kernel type. If you have,
    583         then you will need to determine yourself what to set up.
     576        of your kernel, using the command <command>uname -r</command> in
     577        a terminal. The instructions assume that you have not changed
     578        too much from the original installation, particularly not
     579        installed a different kernel type. If you have, then you will
     580        need to determine yourself what to set up.
    584581      </para>
    585582
     
    642639
    643640      <para>
    644         VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to
    645         various common Linux distributions> See
    646         <xref linkend="hostossupport" />. In addition, there is an
     641        &product-name; is available in a number of package formats native to
     642        various common Linux distributions. See
     643        <xref linkend="hostossupport"/>. In addition, there is an
    647644        alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most
    648645        Linux distributions. The generic installer packages are built on
    649         EL5 systems and thus require reasonably old versions of glibc
    650         (version 2.5) and other system libraries.
     646        EL5 systems and thus require reasonably old versions of glibc,
     647        such as version 2.5, and other system libraries.
    651648      </para>
    652649
    653650      <sect3 id="install-linux-debian-ubuntu">
    654651
    655         <title>Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu Package</title>
     652        <title>Installing &product-name; from a Debian/Ubuntu Package</title>
    656653
    657654        <para>
     
    693690
    694691        <para>
    695           Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and
     692          Once &product-name; has been successfully installed and
    696693          configured, you can start it by clicking
    697           <emphasis role="bold">VirtualBox</emphasis> in your Start menu
    698           or from the command line. See
    699           <xref linkend="startingvboxonlinux" />.
     694          <emphasis role="bold">VirtualBox</emphasis> in your
     695          <emphasis role="bold">Start</emphasis> menu or from the
     696          command line. See <xref linkend="startingvboxonlinux" />.
    700697        </para>
    701698
     
    715712          <listitem>
    716713            <para>
    717               Unpacks the application files to the target directory,
    718 
    719 <screen>/opt/VirtualBox/</screen>
    720 
    721               which cannot be changed.
     714              Unpacks the application files to the target directory
     715              <computeroutput>/opt/VirtualBox/</computeroutput>, which
     716              cannot be changed.
    722717            </para>
    723718          </listitem>
     
    725720          <listitem>
    726721            <para>
    727               Builds and installs the VirtualBox kernel modules:
     722              Builds and installs the &product-name; kernel modules:
    728723              <computeroutput>vboxdrv</computeroutput>,
    729724              <computeroutput>vboxnetflt</computeroutput>, and
     
    735730            <para>
    736731              Creates <computeroutput>/sbin/rcvboxdrv</computeroutput>,
    737               an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.
     732              an init script to start the &product-name; kernel module.
    738733            </para>
    739734          </listitem>
     
    753748              <computeroutput>/opt/VirtualBox/VBox</computeroutput>
    754749              which does some sanity checks and dispatches to the actual
    755               executables: <computeroutput>VirtualBox</computeroutput>,
    756               <computeroutput>VBoxSDL</computeroutput>,
    757               <computeroutput>VBoxVRDP</computeroutput>,
    758               <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput> and
    759               <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput>
     750              executables: <command>VirtualBox</command>,
     751              <command>VBoxVRDP</command>,
     752              <command>VBoxHeadless</command> and
     753              <command>VBoxManage</command>.
    760754            </para>
    761755          </listitem>
     
    784778          <computeroutput>install</computeroutput> or
    785779          <computeroutput>uninstall</computeroutput> as the first
    786           parameter. For example;
     780          parameter. For example:
    787781        </para>
    788782
     
    790784
    791785        <para>
    792           Or if you do not have the
    793           <computeroutput>sudo</computeroutput> command available, run
    794           the following as root instead:
     786          Or if you do not have the <command>sudo</command> command
     787          available, run the following as root instead:
     788        </para>
    795789
    796790<screen>./VirtualBox.run install</screen>
    797         </para>
    798791
    799792        <para>
     
    808801        <note>
    809802          <para>
    810             The <computeroutput>usermod</computeroutput> command of some
    811             older Linux distributions does not support the
    812             <computeroutput>-a</computeroutput> option, which adds the
    813             user to the given group without affecting membership of
    814             other groups. In this case, find out the current group
    815             memberships with the <computeroutput>groups</computeroutput>
    816             command and add all these groups in a comma-separated list
    817             to the command line after the
    818             <computeroutput>-G</computeroutput> option. For example:
     803            The <command>usermod</command> command of some older Linux
     804            distributions does not support the <option>-a</option>
     805            option, which adds the user to the given group without
     806            affecting membership of other groups. In this case, find out
     807            the current group memberships with the
     808            <command>groups</command> command and add all these groups
     809            in a comma-separated list to the command line after the
     810            <option>-G</option> option. For example:
    819811            <computeroutput>usermod -G group1,group2,vboxusers
    820812            username</computeroutput>.
     
    831823          If you cannot use the shell script installer described in
    832824          <xref linkend="install-linux-alt-installer"/>, you can perform
    833           a manual installation. Invoke the installer as follows:
     825          a manual installation. Run the installer as follows:
    834826        </para>
    835827
     
    839831          This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the
    840832          directory <computeroutput>install</computeroutput> under the
    841           current directory. The VirtualBox application files are
     833          current directory. The &product-name; application files are
    842834          contained in
    843835          <computeroutput>VirtualBox.tar.bz2</computeroutput> which you
     
    849841
    850842        <para>
    851           or as root:
     843          To run the same example as root, use the following commands:
     844        </para>
    852845
    853846<screen>mkdir /opt/VirtualBox
    854847tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox</screen>
    855         </para>
    856 
    857         <para>
    858           The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the
     848
     849        <para>
     850          The sources for &product-name;'s kernel module are provided in the
    859851          <computeroutput>src</computeroutput> directory. To build the
    860           module, change to the directory and issue
     852          module, change to the directory and use the following command:
    861853        </para>
    862854
     
    864856
    865857        <para>
    866           If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to
     858          If everything builds correctly, run the following command to
    867859          install the module to the appropriate module directory:
    868860        </para>
     
    873865          In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root
    874866          and run the following command:
     867        </para>
    875868
    876869<screen>make install</screen>
    877         </para>
    878 
    879         <para>
    880           The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate.
    881           The above make command will tell you how to create the device
    882           node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is
    883           slightly different for a classical Linux setup with a
    884           <computeroutput>/dev</computeroutput> directory, a system with
    885           the now deprecated <computeroutput>devfs</computeroutput> and
    886           a modern Linux system with
    887           <computeroutput>udev</computeroutput>.
     870
     871        <para>
     872          The &product-name; kernel module needs a device node to operate.
     873          The above <command>make</command> command will tell you how to
     874          create the device node, depending on your Linux system. The
     875          procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup
     876          with a <computeroutput>/dev</computeroutput> directory, a
     877          system with the now deprecated <command>devfs</command> and a
     878          modern Linux system with <command>udev</command>.
    888879        </para>
    889880
     
    906897          kernel module and activate the initialization script using the
    907898          right method for your distribution, as follows:
     899        </para>
    908900
    909901<screen>cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv</screen>
    910902
    911           This example assumes you installed VirtualBox to the
     903        <para>
     904          This example assumes you installed &product-name; to the
    912905          <computeroutput>/opt/VirtualBox</computeroutput> directory.
    913           Create a configuration file for VitrualBox:
     906        </para>
     907
     908        <para>
     909          Create a configuration file for &product-name;, as follows:
     910        </para>
    914911
    915912<screen>mkdir /etc/vbox
    916913echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox &gt; /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg</screen>
    917914
     915        <para>
    918916          Create the following symbolic links:
    919917        </para>
     
    921919<screen>ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox
    922920ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
    923 ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless
    924 ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL</screen>
     921ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless</screen>
    925922
    926923      </sect3>
     
    928925      <sect3 id="install-linux-update-uninstall">
    929926
    930         <title>Updating and Uninstalling VirtualBox</title>
    931 
    932         <para>
    933           Before updating or uninstalling VirtualBox, you must terminate
     927        <title>Updating and Uninstalling &product-name;</title>
     928
     929        <para>
     930          Before updating or uninstalling &product-name;, you must terminate
    934931          any virtual machines which are currently running and exit the
    935           VirtualBox or VBoxSVC applications. To update VirtualBox,
     932          &product-name; or VBoxSVC applications. To update &product-name;,
    936933          simply run the installer of the updated version. To uninstall
    937           VirtualBox, invoke the installer like this:
     934          &product-name;, run the installer as follows:
     935        </para>
    938936
    939937<screen>sudo ./VirtualBox.run uninstall</screen>
    940938
    941           or as root:
     939        <para>
     940          As root, you can use the following command:
     941        </para>
    942942
    943943<screen>./VirtualBox.run uninstall</screen>
    944944
    945           Starting with version 2.2.2, you can uninstall the .run
    946           package as follows:
     945        <para>
     946          You can uninstall the .run package as follows:
     947        </para>
    947948
    948949<screen>/opt/VirtualBox/uninstall.sh</screen>
    949950
    950           To manually uninstall VirtualBox, simply perform the manual
     951        <para>
     952          To manually uninstall &product-name;, perform the manual
    951953          installation steps in reverse order.
    952954        </para>
     
    965967          <computeroutput>vboxconf</computeroutput> can contain the
    966968          following debconf settings:
     969        </para>
    967970
    968971<screen>virtualbox virtualbox/module-compilation-allowed boolean true
    969972virtualbox virtualbox/delete-old-modules boolean true</screen>
    970973
    971           The first line allows compilation of the vboxdrv kernel module
    972           if no module was found for the current kernel. The second line
    973           allows the package to delete any old vboxdrv kernel modules
    974           compiled by previous installations.
     974        <para>
     975          The first line enables compilation of the vboxdrv kernel
     976          module if no module was found for the current kernel. The
     977          second line enables the package to delete any old vboxdrv
     978          kernel modules compiled by previous installations.
    975979        </para>
    976980
    977981        <para>
    978982          These default settings can be applied prior to the
    979           installation of the VirtualBox Debian package, as follows:
     983          installation of the &product-name; Debian package, as follows:
    980984        </para>
    981985
     
    10001004          <xref
    10011005        linkend="linux_install_opts" /> for how to set
    1002           some common installation options provided by VirtualBox.
     1006          some common installation options provided by &product-name;.
    10031007        </para>
    10041008
     
    10131017          packages, you can create a response file named
    10141018          <computeroutput>/etc/default/virtualbox</computeroutput>. The
    1015           automatic generation of the udev rule can be prevented by the
    1016           following setting:
     1019          automatic generation of the udev rule can be prevented with
     1020          the following setting:
     1021        </para>
    10171022
    10181023<screen>INSTALL_NO_UDEV=1</screen>
    10191024
     1025        <para>
    10201026          The creation of the group vboxusers can be prevented as
    10211027          follows:
     1028        </para>
    10221029
    10231030<screen>INSTALL_NO_GROUP=1</screen>
    10241031
     1032        <para>
    10251033          If the following line is specified, the package installer will
    10261034          not try to build the <computeroutput>vboxdrv</computeroutput>
     
    10421050        The Linux installers create the system user group
    10431051        <computeroutput>vboxusers</computeroutput> during installation.
    1044         Any system user who is going to use USB devices from VirtualBox
     1052        Any system user who is going to use USB devices from &product-name;
    10451053        guests must be a member of that group. A user can be made a
    10461054        member of the group <computeroutput>vboxusers</computeroutput>
     
    10551063    <sect2 id="startingvboxonlinux">
    10561064
    1057       <title>Starting VirtualBox on Linux</title>
    1058 
    1059       <para>
    1060         The easiest way to start a VirtualBox program is by running the
    1061         program of your choice
    1062         (<computeroutput>VirtualBox</computeroutput>,
    1063         <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput>,
    1064         <computeroutput>VBoxSDL</computeroutput>, or
    1065         <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput>) from a terminal.
    1066         These are symbolic links to
    1067         <computeroutput>VBox.sh</computeroutput> that start the required
    1068         program for you.
     1065      <title>Starting &product-name; on Linux</title>
     1066
     1067      <para>
     1068        The easiest way to start a &product-name; program is by running the
     1069        program of your choice (<command>VirtualBox</command>,
     1070        <command>VBoxManage</command>, or
     1071        <command>VBoxHeadless</command>) from a terminal. These are
     1072        symbolic links to <command>VBox.sh</command> that start the
     1073        required program for you.
    10691074      </para>
    10701075
    10711076      <para>
    10721077        The following detailed instructions should only be of interest
    1073         if you wish to execute VirtualBox without installing it first.
     1078        if you wish to execute &product-name; without installing it first.
    10741079        You should start by compiling the
    10751080        <computeroutput>vboxdrv</computeroutput> kernel module and
    1076         inserting it into the Linux kernel. VirtualBox consists of a
     1081        inserting it into the Linux kernel. &product-name; consists of a
    10771082        service daemon, <computeroutput>VBoxSVC</computeroutput>, and
    10781083        several application programs. The daemon is automatically
    1079         started if necessary. All VirtualBox applications will
    1080         communicate with the daemon through Unix local domain sockets.
     1084        started if necessary. All &product-name; applications will
     1085        communicate with the daemon through UNIX local domain sockets.
    10811086        There can be multiple daemon instances under different user
    10821087        accounts and applications can only communicate with the daemon
     
    10901095
    10911096      <para>
    1092         All VirtualBox applications
    1093         (<computeroutput>VirtualBox</computeroutput>,
    1094         <computeroutput>VBoxSDL</computeroutput>,
    1095         <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput>, and
    1096         <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput>) require the
    1097         VirtualBox directory to be in the library path, as follows:
     1097        All &product-name; applications (<command>VirtualBox</command>,
     1098        <command>VBoxManage</command>, and
     1099        <command>VBoxHeadless</command>) require the &product-name;
     1100        directory to be in the library path, as follows:
    10981101      </para>
    10991102
     
    11061109  <sect1 id="install-solaris-host">
    11071110
    1108     <title>Installing on Solaris Hosts</title>
     1111    <title>Installing on Oracle Solaris Hosts</title>
    11091112
    11101113    <para>
    1111       For the specific versions of Solaris that are supported as host
     1114      For the specific versions of Oracle Solaris that are supported as host
    11121115      operating systems, see <xref
    11131116    linkend="hostossupport" />.
     
    11151118
    11161119    <para>
    1117       If you have a previously installed instance of VirtualBox on your
    1118       Solaris host, please uninstall it first before installing a new
     1120      If you have a previously installed instance of &product-name; on your
     1121      Oracle Solaris host, please uninstall it first before installing a new
    11191122      instance. See <xref linkend="uninstall-solaris-host" /> for
    11201123      uninstall instructions.
     
    11261129
    11271130      <para>
    1128         VirtualBox is available as a standard Solaris package. Download
    1129         the VirtualBox SunOS package which includes the 64-bit versions
    1130         of VirtualBox. <emphasis>The installation must be performed as
    1131         root and from the global zone</emphasis> as the VirtualBox
     1131        &product-name; is available as a standard Oracle Solaris package. Download
     1132        the &product-name; SunOS package which includes the 64-bit versions
     1133        of &product-name;. <emphasis>The installation must be performed as
     1134        root and from the global zone</emphasis> as the &product-name;
    11321135        installer loads kernel drivers which cannot be done from
    11331136        non-global zones. To verify which zone you are currently in,
    1134         execute the <computeroutput>zonename</computeroutput> command.
    1135         Execute the following commands:
     1137        execute the <command>zonename</command> command. Execute the
     1138        following commands:
    11361139      </para>
    11371140
     
    11391142
    11401143      <para>
    1141         Starting with VirtualBox 3.1 the VirtualBox kernel package is no
    1142         longer a separate package and has been integrated into the main
    1143         package. Install the VirtualBox package as follows:
     1144        The &product-name; kernel package is no longer a separate package
     1145        and has been integrated into the main package. Install the
     1146        &product-name; package as follows:
    11441147      </para>
    11451148
     
    11531156        script to be executed. Choose <emphasis role="bold">y</emphasis>
    11541157        and proceed, as it is essential to execute this script which
    1155         installs the VirtualBox kernel module. Following this
    1156         confirmation the installer will install VirtualBox and execute
     1158        installs the &product-name; kernel module. Following this
     1159        confirmation the installer will install &product-name; and execute
    11571160        the postinstall setup script.
    11581161      </para>
     
    11621165        is now complete. You may now safely delete the uncompressed
    11631166        package and <computeroutput>autoresponse</computeroutput> files
    1164         from your system. VirtualBox is installed in
     1167        from your system. &product-name; is installed in
    11651168        <computeroutput>/opt/VirtualBox</computeroutput>.
    11661169      </para>
     
    11681171      <note>
    11691172        <para>
    1170           If you need to use VirtualBox from non-global zones, see
     1173          If you need to use &product-name; from non-global zones, see
    11711174          <xref linkend="solaris-zones" />.
    11721175        </para>
     
    11801183
    11811184      <para>
    1182         Starting with VirtualBox 4.1, the installer creates the system
    1183         user group <computeroutput>vboxuser</computeroutput> during
    1184         installation for Solaris hosts that support the USB features
    1185         required by VirtualBox. Any system user who is going to use USB
    1186         devices from VirtualBox guests must be a member of this group. A
    1187         user can be made a member of this group through the GUI
    1188         user/group management or at the command line by executing as
    1189         root:
     1185        The installer creates the system user group
     1186        <computeroutput>vboxuser</computeroutput> during installation
     1187        for Oracle Solaris hosts that support the USB features required by
     1188        &product-name;. Any system user who is going to use USB devices from
     1189        &product-name; guests must be a member of this group. A user can be
     1190        made a member of this group through the GUI user/group
     1191        management or at the command line by executing as root:
    11901192      </para>
    11911193
     
    12021204    <sect2 id="install-solaris-starting">
    12031205
    1204       <title>Starting VirtualBox on Solaris</title>
    1205 
    1206       <para>
    1207         The easiest way to start a VirtualBox program is by running the
    1208         program of your choice
    1209         (<computeroutput>VirtualBox</computeroutput>,
    1210         <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput>,
    1211         <computeroutput>VBoxSDL</computeroutput>, or
    1212         <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput>) from a terminal.
    1213         These are symbolic links to
    1214         <computeroutput>VBox.sh</computeroutput> that start the required
    1215         program for you.
     1206      <title>Starting &product-name; on Oracle Solaris</title>
     1207
     1208      <para>
     1209        The easiest way to start a &product-name; program is by running the
     1210        program of your choice (<command>VirtualBox</command>,
     1211        <command>VBoxManage</command>, or
     1212        <command>VBoxHeadless</command>) from a terminal. These are
     1213        symbolic links to <command>VBox.sh</command> that start the
     1214        required program for you.
    12161215      </para>
    12171216
     
    12191218        Alternatively, you can directly invoke the required programs
    12201219        from <computeroutput>/opt/VirtualBox</computeroutput>. Using the
    1221         links provided is easier as you do not have to type the full
     1220        links provided is easier as you do not have to enter the full
    12221221        path.
    12231222      </para>
     
    12251224      <para>
    12261225        You can configure some elements of the
    1227         <computeroutput>VirtualBox</computeroutput> Qt GUI, such as
    1228         fonts and colours, by running
    1229         <computeroutput>VBoxQtconfig</computeroutput> from the terminal.
     1226        <command>VirtualBox</command> Qt GUI, such as fonts and colours,
     1227        by running <command>VBoxQtconfig</command> from the terminal.
    12301228      </para>
    12311229
     
    12371235
    12381236      <para>
    1239         Uninstallation of VirtualBox on Solaris requires root
     1237        Uninstallation of &product-name; on Oracle Solaris requires root
    12401238        permissions. To perform the uninstallation, start a root
    12411239        terminal session and run the following command:
     
    12451243
    12461244      <para>
    1247         After confirmation, this will remove VirtualBox from your
     1245        After confirmation, this will remove &product-name; from your
    12481246        system.
    12491247      </para>
    12501248
    12511249      <para>
    1252         If you are uninstalling VirtualBox version 3.0 or lower, you
    1253         need to remove the VirtualBox kernel interface package, as
     1250        If you are uninstalling &product-name; version 3.0 or lower, you
     1251        need to remove the &product-name; kernel interface package, as
    12541252        follows:
    12551253      </para>
    12561254
    1257       <para>
    12581255<screen>pkgrm SUNWvboxkern</screen>
    1259       </para>
    12601256
    12611257    </sect2>
     
    12661262
    12671263      <para>
    1268         To perform a non-interactive installation of VirtualBox there is
     1264        To perform a non-interactive installation of &product-name; there is
    12691265        a response file named
    12701266        <computeroutput>autoresponse</computeroutput>, that the
     
    12921288    <sect2 id="solaris-zones">
    12931289
    1294       <title>Configuring a Zone for Running VirtualBox</title>
    1295 
    1296       <para>
    1297         Assuming that VirtualBox has already been installed into your
    1298         zone, you need to give the zone access to VirtualBox's device
     1290      <title>Configuring a Zone for Running &product-name;</title>
     1291
     1292      <para>
     1293        Assuming that &product-name; has already been installed into your
     1294        zone, you need to give the zone access to &product-name;'s device
    12991295        node. This is done by performing the following steps. Start a
    13001296        root terminal and run the following command:
     
    13051301      <para>
    13061302        Replace "vboxzone" with the name of the zone where you intend to
    1307         run VirtualBox.
     1303        run &product-name;.
    13081304      </para>
    13091305
     
    13241320
    13251321      <para>
    1326         If you are running VirtualBox 2.2.0 or above on Solaris 11 or
     1322        If you are running &product-name; 2.2.0 or above on Oracle Solaris 11 or
    13271323        above, you may also add a device for
    13281324        <computeroutput>/dev/vboxusbmon</computeroutput>, similar to
    1329         that shown above. This does not apply to Solaris 10 hosts, due
     1325        that shown above. This does not apply to Oracle Solaris 10 hosts, due
    13301326        to lack of USB support.
    13311327      </para>
     
    13491345      <para>
    13501346        Reboot the zone using <computeroutput>zoneadm</computeroutput>
    1351         and you should be able to run VirtualBox from within the
     1347        and you should be able to run &product-name; from within the
    13521348        configured zone.
    13531349      </para>
  • trunk/doc/manual/en_US/user_Introduction.xml

    r73276 r76078  
    1010
    1111  <para>
    12     Welcome to Oracle VM VirtualBox.
     12    Welcome to &product-name;.
    1313  </para>
    1414
    1515  <para>
    16     VirtualBox is a cross-platform virtualization application. What does
    17     that mean? For one thing, it installs on your existing Intel or
     16    &product-name; is a cross-platform virtualization application. What
     17    does that mean? For one thing, it installs on your existing Intel or
    1818    AMD-based computers, whether they are running Windows, Mac, Linux or
    19     Solaris operating systems. Secondly, it extends the capabilities of
    20     your existing computer so that it can run multiple operating
    21     systems, inside multiple virtual machines, at the same time. So, for
    22     example, you can run Windows and Linux on your Mac, run Windows
    23     Server 2008 on your Linux server, run Linux on your Windows PC, and
    24     so on, all alongside your existing applications. You can install and
    25     run as many virtual machines as you like. The only practical limits
    26     are disk space and memory.
     19    Oracle Solaris operating systems. Secondly, it extends the
     20    capabilities of your existing computer so that it can run multiple
     21    operating systems, inside multiple virtual machines, at the same
     22    time. So, for example, you can run Windows and Linux on your Mac,
     23    run Windows Server 2008 on your Linux server, run Linux on your
     24    Windows PC, and so on, all alongside your existing applications. You
     25    can install and run as many virtual machines as you like. The only
     26    practical limits are disk space and memory.
    2727  </para>
    2828
    2929  <para>
    30     VirtualBox is deceptively simple yet also very powerful. It can run
    31     everywhere from small embedded systems or desktop class machines all
    32     the way up to datacenter deployments and even Cloud environments.
     30    &product-name; is deceptively simple yet also very powerful. It can
     31    run everywhere from small embedded systems or desktop class machines
     32    all the way up to datacenter deployments and even Cloud
     33    environments.
    3334  </para>
    3435
    3536  <para>
    36     The following screenshot shows how VirtualBox, installed on a Mac
    37     computer, is running Windows 8 in a virtual machine window:
     37    The following screenshot shows how &product-name;, installed on a
     38    Mac computer, is running Windows 8 in a virtual machine window:
    3839  </para>
    3940
    40   <mediaobject>
    41     <imageobject>
    42       <imagedata align="center" fileref="images/vm-vista-running.png"
     41  <figure id="fig-win8-intro">
     42    <title>Windows 8 Virtual Machine, Displayed on a Mac OS X Host</title>
     43    <mediaobject>
     44      <imageobject>
     45        <imagedata align="center" fileref="images/vm-vista-running.png"
    4346                   width="14cm" />
    44     </imageobject>
    45   </mediaobject>
     47      </imageobject>
     48    </mediaobject>
     49  </figure>
    4650
    4751  <para>
    4852    In this User Manual, we will begin simply with a quick introduction
    4953    to virtualization and how to get your first virtual machine running
    50     with the easy-to-use VirtualBox graphical user interface. Subsequent
    51     chapters will go into much more detail covering more powerful tools
    52     and features, but fortunately, it is not necessary to read the
    53     entire User Manual before you can use VirtualBox.
     54    with the easy-to-use &product-name; graphical user interface.
     55    Subsequent chapters will go into much more detail covering more
     56    powerful tools and features, but fortunately, it is not necessary to
     57    read the entire User Manual before you can use &product-name;.
    5458  </para>
    5559
    5660  <para>
    57     You can find a summary of VirtualBox's capabilities in
    58     <xref
    59   linkend="features-overview" />. For existing VirtualBox
    60     users who just want to see what is new in this release, there is a
    61     detailed list in <xref
    62   linkend="ChangeLog" />.
     61    You can find a summary of &product-name;'s capabilities in
     62    <xref linkend="features-overview" />. For existing &product-name;
     63    users who just want to find out what is new in this release, see the
     64    <emphasis>&product-name; Release Notes</emphasis>.
    6365  </para>
    6466
     
    6870
    6971    <para>
    70       The techniques and features that VirtualBox provides are useful in
    71       the following scenarios:
     72      The techniques and features that &product-name; provides are
     73      useful in the following scenarios:
    7274    </para>
    7375
     
    7779        <para>
    7880          <emphasis role="bold">Running multiple operating systems
    79           simultaneously.</emphasis> VirtualBox allows you to run more
    80           than one operating system at a time. This way, you can run
    81           software written for one operating system on another, such as
    82           Windows software on Linux or a Mac, without having to reboot
    83           to use it. Since you can configure what kinds of "virtual"
    84           hardware should be presented to each such operating system,
    85           you can install an old operating system such as DOS or OS/2
    86           even if your real computer's hardware is no longer supported
    87           by that operating system.
     81          simultaneously.</emphasis> &product-name; enables you to run
     82          more than one operating system at a time. This way, you can
     83          run software written for one operating system on another, such
     84          as Windows software on Linux or a Mac, without having to
     85          reboot to use it. Since you can configure what kinds of
     86          <emphasis>virtual</emphasis> hardware should be presented to
     87          each such operating system, you can install an old operating
     88          system such as DOS or OS/2 even if your real computer's
     89          hardware is no longer supported by that operating system.
    8890        </para>
    8991      </listitem>
     
    9597          machines to ship entire software configurations. For example,
    9698          installing a complete mail server solution on a real machine
    97           can be a tedious task. With VirtualBox, such a complex setup,
    98           often called an "appliance", can be packed into a virtual
    99           machine. Installing and running a mail server becomes as easy
    100           as importing such an appliance into VirtualBox.
     99          can be a tedious task. With &product-name;, such a complex
     100          setup, often called an <emphasis>appliance</emphasis>, can be
     101          packed into a virtual machine. Installing and running a mail
     102          server becomes as easy as importing such an appliance into
     103          &product-name;.
    101104        </para>
    102105      </listitem>
     
    106109          <emphasis role="bold">Testing and disaster
    107110          recovery.</emphasis> Once installed, a virtual machine and its
    108           virtual hard disks can be considered a "container" that can be
    109           arbitrarily frozen, woken up, copied, backed up, and
    110           transported between hosts.
    111         </para>
    112 
    113         <para>
    114           On top of that, with the use of another VirtualBox feature
    115           called "snapshots", one can save a particular state of a
    116           virtual machine and revert back to that state, if necessary.
    117           This way, one can freely experiment with a computing
    118           environment. If something goes wrong , such as prolems after
    119           installing software or infecting the guest with a virus, you
    120           can easily switch back to a previous snapshot and avoid the
    121           need of frequent backups and restores.
     111          virtual hard disks can be considered a
     112          <emphasis>container</emphasis> that can be arbitrarily frozen,
     113          woken up, copied, backed up, and transported between hosts.
     114        </para>
     115
     116        <para>
     117          On top of that, with the use of another &product-name; feature
     118          called <emphasis>snapshots</emphasis>, one can save a
     119          particular state of a virtual machine and revert back to that
     120          state, if necessary. This way, one can freely experiment with
     121          a computing environment. If something goes wrong, such as
     122          prolems after installing software or infecting the guest with
     123          a virus, you can easily switch back to a previous snapshot and
     124          avoid the need of frequent backups and restores.
    122125        </para>
    123126
     
    164167          <emphasis role="strong">Host operating system (host
    165168          OS).</emphasis> This is the operating system of the physical
    166           computer on which VirtualBox was installed. There are versions
    167           of VirtualBox for Windows, Mac OS X, Linux and Solaris hosts.
    168           See <xref linkend="hostossupport" />.
    169         </para>
    170 
    171         <para>
    172           Most of the time, this manual discusses all VirtualBox
     169          computer on which &product-name; was installed. There are
     170          versions of &product-name; for Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, and
     171          Oracle Solaris hosts. See <xref linkend="hostossupport" />.
     172        </para>
     173
     174        <para>
     175          Most of the time, this manual discusses all &product-name;
    173176          versions together. There may be platform-specific differences
    174177          which we will point out where appropriate.
     
    180183          <emphasis role="strong"> Guest operating system (guest
    181184          OS).</emphasis> This is the operating system that is running
    182           inside the virtual machine. Theoretically, VirtualBox can run
    183           any x86 operating system. such as DOS, Windows, OS/2, FreeBSD,
    184           and OpenBSD. But to achieve near-native performance of the
    185           guest code on your machine, we had to go through a lot of
    186           optimizations that are specific to certain operating systems.
    187           So while your favorite operating system
     185          inside the virtual machine. Theoretically, &product-name; can
     186          run any x86 operating system. such as DOS, Windows, OS/2,
     187          FreeBSD, and OpenBSD. But to achieve near-native performance
     188          of the guest code on your machine, we had to go through a lot
     189          of optimizations that are specific to certain operating
     190          systems. So while your favorite operating system
    188191          <emphasis>may</emphasis> run as a guest, we officially support
    189192          and optimize for a select few, which include the most common
     
    199202        <para>
    200203          <emphasis role="strong">Virtual machine (VM).</emphasis> This
    201           is the special environment that VirtualBox creates for your
    202           guest operating system while it is running. In other words,
    203           you run your guest operating system "in" a VM. Normally, a VM
    204           will be shown as a window on your computer's desktop, but
    205           depending on which of the various frontends of VirtualBox you
    206           use, it can be displayed in full screen mode or remotely on
    207           another computer.
    208         </para>
    209 
    210         <para>
    211           In a more abstract way, internally, VirtualBox thinks of a VM
    212           as a set of parameters that determine its behavior. They
     204          is the special environment that &product-name; creates for
     205          your guest operating system while it is running. In other
     206          words, you run your guest operating system
     207          <emphasis>in</emphasis> a VM. Normally, a VM will be shown as
     208          a window on your computer's desktop, but depending on which of
     209          the various frontends of &product-name; you use, it can be
     210          displayed in full screen mode or remotely on another computer.
     211        </para>
     212
     213        <para>
     214          In a more abstract way, internally, &product-name; thinks of a
     215          VM as a set of parameters that determine its behavior. They
    213216          include hardware settings, such as: how much memory the VM
    214           should have, what hard disks VirtualBox should virtualize
     217          should have, what hard disks &product-name; should virtualize
    215218          through which container files, what CDs are mounted. They also
    216219          include state information, such as: whether the VM is
    217220          currently running, saved, if the VM has snapshots. These
    218           settings are mirrored in the VirtualBox Manager window as well
    219           as the <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput> command
    220           line program. See <xref linkend="vboxmanage" />. In other
    221           words, a VM is also what you can see in its settings dialog.
     221          settings are mirrored in the VirtualBox Manager window, as
     222          well as the <command>VBoxManage</command> command. See
     223          <xref linkend="vboxmanage" />. In other words, a VM is also
     224          what you can see in its
     225          <emphasis role="bold">Settings</emphasis> dialog.
    222226        </para>
    223227      </listitem>
     
    227231          <emphasis role="strong">Guest Additions.</emphasis> This
    228232          refers to special software packages which are shipped with
    229           VirtualBox but designed to be installed
     233          &product-name; but designed to be installed
    230234          <emphasis>inside</emphasis> a VM to improve performance of the
    231235          guest OS and to add extra features. See
    232           <xref
    233           linkend="guestadditions" />.
     236          <xref linkend="guestadditions" />.
    234237        </para>
    235238      </listitem>
     
    244247
    245248    <para>
    246       The following is a brief outline of VirtualBox's main features:
     249      The following is a brief outline of &product-name;'s main
     250      features:
    247251    </para>
    248252
     
    251255      <listitem>
    252256        <para>
    253           <emphasis role="bold">Portability.</emphasis> VirtualBox runs
    254           on a large number of 32-bit and 64-bit host operating systems
    255           See <xref linkend="hostossupport" />.
    256         </para>
    257 
    258         <para>
    259           VirtualBox is a so-called <emphasis>hosted</emphasis>
     257          <emphasis role="bold">Portability.</emphasis> &product-name;
     258          runs on a large number of 32-bit and 64-bit host operating
     259          systems See <xref linkend="hostossupport" />.
     260        </para>
     261
     262        <para>
     263          &product-name; is a so-called <emphasis>hosted</emphasis>
    260264          hypervisor, sometimes referred to as a <emphasis>type
    261265          2</emphasis> hypervisor. Whereas a
    262266          <emphasis>bare-metal</emphasis> or <emphasis>type 1</emphasis>
    263           hypervisor would run directly on the hardware, VirtualBox
     267          hypervisor would run directly on the hardware, &product-name;
    264268          requires an existing operating system to be installed. It can
    265269          thus run alongside existing applications on that host.
     
    267271
    268272        <para>
    269           To a very large degree, VirtualBox is functionally identical
    270           on all of the host platforms, and the same file and image
    271           formats are used. This allows you to run virtual machines
    272           created on one host on another host with a different host
    273           operating system. For example, you can create a virtual
     273          To a very large degree, &product-name; is functionally
     274          identical on all of the host platforms, and the same file and
     275          image formats are used. This enables you to run virtual
     276          machines created on one host on another host with a different
     277          host operating system. For example, you can create a virtual
    274278          machine on Windows and then run it under Linux.
    275279        </para>
     
    280284          industry standard created for this purpose. You can even
    281285          import OVFs that were created with a different virtualization
    282           software. See <xref
    283             linkend="ovf" />.
     286          software. See <xref linkend="ovf" />.
    284287        </para>
    285288      </listitem>
     
    288291        <para>
    289292          <emphasis role="bold">No hardware virtualization
    290           required.</emphasis> For many scenarios, VirtualBox does not
    291           require the processor features built into newer hardware like
    292           Intel VT-x or AMD-V. As opposed to many other virtualization
    293           solutions, you can therefore use VirtualBox even on older
    294           hardware where these features are not present. See
    295           <xref
     293          required.</emphasis> For many scenarios, &product-name; does
     294          not require the processor features built into newer hardware
     295          like Intel VT-x or AMD-V. As opposed to many other
     296          virtualization solutions, you can therefore use &product-name;
     297          even on older hardware where these features are not present.
     298          See <xref
    296299        linkend="hwvirt" />.
    297300        </para>
     
    301304        <para>
    302305          <emphasis role="bold">Guest Additions: shared folders,
    303           seamless windows, 3D virtualization.</emphasis> The VirtualBox
    304           Guest Additions are software packages which can be installed
    305           <emphasis>inside</emphasis> of supported guest systems to
    306           improve their performance and to provide additional
     306          seamless windows, 3D virtualization.</emphasis> The
     307          &product-name; Guest Additions are software packages which can
     308          be installed <emphasis>inside</emphasis> of supported guest
     309          systems to improve their performance and to provide additional
    307310          integration and communication with the host system. After
    308311          installing the Guest Additions, a virtual machine will support
    309312          automatic adjustment of video resolutions, seamless windows,
    310313          accelerated 3D graphics and more. See
    311           <xref
    312         linkend="guestadditions" />.
     314          <xref linkend="guestadditions" />.
    313315        </para>
    314316
     
    316318          In particular, Guest Additions provide for "shared folders",
    317319          which let you access files from the host system from within a
    318           guest machine. See <xref
    319         linkend="sharedfolders" />.
     320          guest machine. See <xref linkend="sharedfolders" />.
    320321        </para>
    321322      </listitem>
     
    324325        <para>
    325326          <emphasis role="bold">Great hardware support.</emphasis> Among
    326           others, VirtualBox supports the following:
     327          others, &product-name; supports the following:
    327328        </para>
    328329
     
    332333            <para>
    333334              <emphasis role="bold">Guest multiprocessing
    334               (SMP).</emphasis> VirtualBox can present up to 32 virtual
    335               CPUs to each virtual machine, irrespective of how many CPU
    336               cores are physically present on your host.
     335              (SMP).</emphasis> &product-name; can present up to 32
     336              virtual CPUs to each virtual machine, irrespective of how
     337              many CPU cores are physically present on your host.
    337338            </para>
    338339          </listitem>
     
    341342            <para>
    342343              <emphasis role="bold">USB device support.</emphasis>
    343               VirtualBox implements a virtual USB controller and allows
    344               you to connect arbitrary USB devices to your virtual
    345               machines without having to install device-specific drivers
    346               on the host. USB support is not limited to certain device
    347               categories. See <xref linkend="settings-usb" />.
     344              &product-name; implements a virtual USB controller and
     345              enables you to connect arbitrary USB devices to your
     346              virtual machines without having to install device-specific
     347              drivers on the host. USB support is not limited to certain
     348              device categories. See <xref linkend="settings-usb" />.
    348349            </para>
    349350          </listitem>
     
    352353            <para>
    353354              <emphasis role="bold">Hardware compatibility.</emphasis>
    354               VirtualBox virtualizes a vast array of virtual devices,
    355               among them many devices that are typically provided by
    356               other virtualization platforms. That includes IDE, SCSI
    357               and SATA hard disk controllers, several virtual network
    358               cards and sound cards, virtual serial and parallel ports
    359               and an Input/Output Advanced Programmable Interrupt
     355              &product-name; virtualizes a vast array of virtual
     356              devices, among them many devices that are typically
     357              provided by other virtualization platforms. That includes
     358              IDE, SCSI and SATA hard disk controllers, several virtual
     359              network cards and sound cards, virtual serial and parallel
     360              ports and an Input/Output Advanced Programmable Interrupt
    360361              Controller (I/O APIC), which is found in many modern PC
    361362              systems. This eases cloning of PC images from real
    362363              machines and importing of third-party virtual machines
    363               into VirtualBox.
     364              into &product-name;.
    364365            </para>
    365366          </listitem>
     
    369370              <emphasis role="bold">Full ACPI support.</emphasis> The
    370371              Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) is fully
    371               supported by VirtualBox. This eases cloning of PC images
    372               from real machines or third-party virtual machines into
    373               VirtualBox. With its unique <emphasis>ACPI power status
    374               support</emphasis>, VirtualBox can even report to
    375               ACPI-aware guest operating systems the power status of the
    376               host. For mobile systems running on battery, the guest can
    377               thus enable energy saving and notify the user of the
     372              supported by &product-name;. This eases cloning of PC
     373              images from real machines or third-party virtual machines
     374              into &product-name;. With its unique <emphasis>ACPI power
     375              status support</emphasis>, &product-name; can even report
     376              to ACPI-aware guest operating systems the power status of
     377              the host. For mobile systems running on battery, the guest
     378              can thus enable energy saving and notify the user of the
    378379              remaining power, for example in full screen modes.
    379380            </para>
     
    383384            <para>
    384385              <emphasis role="bold">Multiscreen resolutions.</emphasis>
    385               VirtualBox virtual machines support screen resolutions
     386              &product-name; virtual machines support screen resolutions
    386387              many times that of a physical screen, allowing them to be
    387388              spread over a large number of screens attached to the host
     
    393394            <para>
    394395              <emphasis role="bold">Built-in iSCSI support.</emphasis>
    395               This unique feature allows you to connect a virtual
     396              This unique feature enables you to connect a virtual
    396397              machine directly to an iSCSI storage server without going
    397398              through the host system. The VM accesses the iSCSI target
    398399              directly without the extra overhead that is required for
    399400              virtualizing hard disks in container files. See
    400               <xref
    401             linkend="storage-iscsi" />.
     401              <xref linkend="storage-iscsi" />.
    402402            </para>
    403403          </listitem>
     
    406406            <para>
    407407              <emphasis role="bold">PXE Network boot.</emphasis> The
    408               integrated virtual network cards of VirtualBox fully
    409               support remote booting via the Preboot Execution
     408              integrated virtual network cards of &product-name; fully
     409              support remote booting using the Preboot Execution
    410410              Environment (PXE).
    411411            </para>
     
    418418        <para>
    419419          <emphasis role="bold">Multigeneration branched
    420           snapshots.</emphasis> VirtualBox can save arbitrary snapshots
    421           of the state of the virtual machine. You can go back in time
    422           and revert the virtual machine to any such snapshot and start
    423           an alternative VM configuration from there, effectively
    424           creating a whole snapshot tree. See
     420          snapshots.</emphasis> &product-name; can save arbitrary
     421          snapshots of the state of the virtual machine. You can go back
     422          in time and revert the virtual machine to any such snapshot
     423          and start an alternative VM configuration from there,
     424          effectively creating a whole snapshot tree. See
    425425          <xref linkend="snapshots" />. You can create and delete
    426426          snapshots while the virtual machine is running.
     
    430430      <listitem>
    431431        <para>
    432           <emphasis role="bold">VM groups.</emphasis> VirtualBox
     432          <emphasis role="bold">VM groups.</emphasis> &product-name;
    433433          provides a groups feature that enables the user to organize
    434434          and control virtual machines collectively, as well as
     
    439439          groups are the same as those that can be applied to individual
    440440          VMs: Start, Pause, Reset, Close (Save state, Send Shutdown,
    441           Poweroff), Discard Saved State, Show in fileSystem, Sort.
    442         </para>
    443       </listitem>
    444 
    445       <listitem>
    446         <para>
    447           <emphasis role="bold">Clean architecture; unprecedented
    448           modularity.</emphasis> VirtualBox has an extremely modular
     441          Poweroff), Discard Saved State, Show in File System, Sort.
     442        </para>
     443      </listitem>
     444
     445      <listitem>
     446        <para>
     447          <emphasis role="bold">Clean architecture and unprecedented
     448          modularity.</emphasis> &product-name; has an extremely modular
    449449          design with well-defined internal programming interfaces and a
    450450          clean separation of client and server code. This makes it easy
    451451          to control it from several interfaces at once. For example,
    452452          you can start a VM simply by clicking on a button in the
    453           VirtualBox graphical user interface and then control that
     453          &product-name; graphical user interface and then control that
    454454          machine from the command line, or even remotely. See
    455455          <xref linkend="frontends" />.
     
    457457
    458458        <para>
    459           Due to its modular architecture, VirtualBox can also expose
    460           its full functionality and configurability through a
     459          Due to its modular architecture, &product-name; can also
     460          expose its full functionality and configurability through a
    461461          comprehensive <emphasis role="bold">software development kit
    462           (SDK),</emphasis> which allows for integrating every aspect of
    463           VirtualBox with other software systems. See
     462          (SDK),</emphasis> which enables integration of &product-name;
     463          with other software systems. See
    464464          <xref linkend="VirtualBoxAPI" />.
    465465        </para>
     
    469469        <para>
    470470          <emphasis role="bold">Remote machine display.</emphasis> The
    471           VirtualBox Remote Desktop Extension (VRDE) allows for
     471          VirtualBox Remote Desktop Extension (VRDE) enables
    472472          high-performance remote access to any running virtual machine.
    473473          This extension supports the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
     
    478478        <para>
    479479          The VRDE does not rely on the RDP server that is built into
    480           Microsoft Windows; instead, it is plugged directly into the
    481           virtualization layer. As a result, it works with guest
     480          Microsoft Windows. Instead, the VRDE is plugged directly into
     481          the virtualization layer. As a result, it works with guest
    482482          operating systems other than Windows, even in text mode, and
    483483          does not require application support in the virtual machine
     
    487487
    488488        <para>
    489           On top of this special capacity, VirtualBox offers you more
    490           unique features:
     489          On top of this special capacity, &product-name; offers you
     490          more unique features:
    491491        </para>
    492492
     
    496496            <para>
    497497              <emphasis role="bold">Extensible RDP
    498               authentication.</emphasis> VirtualBox already supports
     498              authentication.</emphasis> &product-name; already supports
    499499              Winlogon on Windows and PAM on Linux for RDP
    500500              authentication. In addition, it includes an easy-to-use
    501               SDK which allows you to create arbitrary interfaces for
     501              SDK which enables you to create arbitrary interfaces for
    502502              other methods of authentication. See
    503503              <xref linkend="vbox-auth" />.
     
    507507          <listitem>
    508508            <para>
    509               <emphasis role="bold">USB over RDP.</emphasis> Via RDP
    510               virtual channel support, VirtualBox also allows you to
    511               connect arbitrary USB devices locally to a virtual machine
    512               which is running remotely on a VirtualBox RDP server. See
    513               <xref
    514               linkend="usb-over-rdp" />.
     509              <emphasis role="bold">USB over RDP.</emphasis> Using RDP
     510              virtual channel support, &product-name; also enables you
     511              to connect arbitrary USB devices locally to a virtual
     512              machine which is running remotely on a &product-name; RDP
     513              server. See <xref linkend="usb-over-rdp" />.
    515514            </para>
    516515          </listitem>
     
    528527
    529528    <para>
    530       Currently, VirtualBox runs on the following host operating
     529      Currently, &product-name; runs on the following host operating
    531530      systems:
    532531    </para>
     
    537536        <para>
    538537          <emphasis role="bold">Windows hosts:</emphasis>
    539 
    540           <footnote>
    541 
    542             <para>
    543               Support for 64-bit Windows was added with VirtualBox 1.5.
    544               Support for Windows XP was removed with VirtualBox 5.0.
    545               Support for Windows Vista was removed with VirtualBox 5.2.
    546             </para>
    547 
    548           </footnote>
    549538        </para>
    550539
     
    611600        <para>
    612601          <emphasis role="bold">Mac OS X hosts (64-bit):</emphasis>
    613 
    614           <footnote>
    615 
    616             <para>
    617               Preliminary Mac OS X support (beta stage) was added with
    618               VirtualBox 1.4, full support with 1.6. Mac OS X 10.4
    619               (Tiger) support was removed with VirtualBox 3.1. Support
    620               for Mac OS X 10.7 (Lion) and earlier was removed with
    621               VirtualBox 5.0. Support for Mac OS X 10.8 (Mountain Lion)
    622               was removed with VirtualBox 5.1. Support for Mac OS X 10.9
    623               (Mavericks) was removed with VirtualBox 5.2.
    624             </para>
    625 
    626           </footnote>
    627602        </para>
    628603
     
    664639      <listitem>
    665640        <para>
    666           <emphasis role="bold">Linux hosts (32-bit and 64-bit).
    667           Includes the following:</emphasis>
    668 
    669           <footnote>
    670 
    671             <para>
    672               Support for 64-bit Linux was added with VirtualBox 1.4.
    673             </para>
    674 
    675           </footnote>
     641          <emphasis role="bold">Linux hosts (32-bit and
     642          64-bit).</emphasis> Includes the following:
    676643        </para>
    677644
     
    693660          <listitem>
    694661            <para>
    695               Oracle Enterprise Linux 5, Oracle Linux 6, and 7
     662              Oracle Enterprise Linux 5, Oracle Linux 6, and Oracle
     663              Linux 7
    696664            </para>
    697665          </listitem>
     
    724692
    725693        <para>
    726           It should be possible to use VirtualBox on most systems based
    727           on Linux kernel 2.6 or 3.x using either the VirtualBox
    728           installer or by doing a manual installation. See
    729           <xref linkend="install-linux-host" />. However, the formally
    730           tested and supported Linux distributions are those for which
    731           we offer a dedicated package.
    732         </para>
    733 
    734         <para>
    735           Note that starting with VirtualBox 2.1, Linux 2.4-based host
    736           operating systems are no longer supported.
    737         </para>
    738       </listitem>
    739 
    740       <listitem>
    741         <para>
    742           <emphasis role="bold">Solaris hosts (64-bit only).</emphasis>
    743           The following versions are supported with the restrictions
    744           listed in <xref
    745         linkend="KnownIssues" />:
     694          It should be possible to use &product-name; on most systems
     695          based on Linux kernel 2.6 or 3.x using either the
     696          &product-name; installer or by doing a manual installation.
     697          See <xref linkend="install-linux-host" />. However, the
     698          formally tested and supported Linux distributions are those
     699          for which we offer a dedicated package.
     700        </para>
     701
     702        <para>
     703          Note that Linux 2.4-based host operating systems are no longer
     704          supported.
     705        </para>
     706      </listitem>
     707
     708      <listitem>
     709        <para>
     710          <emphasis role="bold">Oracle Solaris hosts (64-bit
     711          only).</emphasis> The following versions are supported with
     712          the restrictions listed in <xref linkend="KnownIssues" />:
    746713        </para>
    747714
     
    750717          <listitem>
    751718            <para>
    752               Solaris 11
    753             </para>
    754           </listitem>
    755 
    756           <listitem>
    757             <para>
    758               Solaris 10 (U10 and higher)
     719              Oracle Solaris 11
     720            </para>
     721          </listitem>
     722
     723          <listitem>
     724            <para>
     725              Oracle Solaris 10 8/11 and later
    759726            </para>
    760727          </listitem>
     
    780747
    781748    <para>
    782       SSE2 is required starting with VirtualBox version 5.2.10 and
     749      SSE2 is required, starting with &product-name; version 5.2.10 and
    783750      version 5.1.24.
    784751    </para>
     
    788755  <sect1 id="intro-installing">
    789756
    790     <title>Installing VirtualBox and Extension Packs</title>
    791 
    792     <para>
    793       VirtualBox comes in many different packages, and installation
     757    <title>Installing &product-name; and Extension Packs</title>
     758
     759    <para>
     760      &product-name; comes in many different packages, and installation
    794761      depends on your host operating system. If you have installed
    795762      software before, installation should be straightforward. On each
    796       host platform, VirtualBox uses the installation method that is
     763      host platform, &product-name; uses the installation method that is
    797764      most common and easy to use. If you run into trouble or have
    798765      special requirements, see <xref linkend="installation" /> for
     
    801768
    802769    <para>
    803       Starting with version 4.0, VirtualBox is split into several
    804       components:
    805     </para>
    806 
    807     <orderedlist>
    808 
    809       <listitem>
    810         <para>
    811           The base package consists of all open source components and is
    812           licensed under the GNU General Public License V2.
    813         </para>
    814       </listitem>
    815 
    816       <listitem>
    817         <para>
    818           Additional extension packs can be downloaded which extend the
    819           functionality of the VirtualBox base package. Currently,
     770      &product-name; is split into the following components:
     771    </para>
     772
     773    <itemizedlist>
     774
     775      <listitem>
     776        <para>
     777          <emphasis role="bold">Base package.</emphasis> The base
     778          package consists of all open source components and is licensed
     779          under the GNU General Public License V2.
     780        </para>
     781      </listitem>
     782
     783      <listitem>
     784        <para>
     785          <emphasis role="bold">Extension packs.</emphasis> Additional
     786          extension packs can be downloaded which extend the
     787          functionality of the &product-name; base package. Currently,
    820788          Oracle provides a single extension pack, available from:
    821789          <ulink
     
    829797            <para>
    830798              The virtual USB 2.0 (EHCI) device. See
    831               <xref
    832                 linkend="settings-usb" />.
     799              <xref linkend="settings-usb" />.
    833800            </para>
    834801          </listitem>
     
    852819            <para>
    853820              Host webcam passthrough. See
    854               <xref
    855                     linkend="webcam-passthrough" />.
     821              <xref linkend="webcam-passthrough" />.
    856822            </para>
    857823          </listitem>
     
    880846
    881847        <para>
    882           VirtualBox extension packages have a
     848          &product-name; extension packages have a
    883849          <computeroutput>.vbox-extpack</computeroutput> file name
    884850          extension. To install an extension, simply double-click on the
    885           package file and a Network Operations Manager window will
    886           appear, guiding you through the required steps.
     851          package file and a <emphasis role="bold">Network Operations
     852          Manager</emphasis> window is shown to guide you through the
     853          required steps.
    887854        </para>
    888855
     
    900867
    901868        <para>
    902           Alternatively, you can use the VBoxManage command line. See
    903           <xref linkend="vboxmanage-extpack" />.
    904         </para>
    905       </listitem>
    906 
    907     </orderedlist>
     869          Alternatively, you can use the <command>VBoxManage</command>
     870          command line. See <xref linkend="vboxmanage-extpack" />.
     871        </para>
     872      </listitem>
     873
     874    </itemizedlist>
    908875
    909876  </sect1>
     
    911878  <sect1 id="intro-starting">
    912879
    913     <title>Starting VirtualBox</title>
    914 
    915     <para>
    916       After installation, you can start VirtualBox as follows:
     880    <title>Starting &product-name;</title>
     881
     882    <para>
     883      After installation, you can start &product-name; as follows:
    917884    </para>
    918885
     
    921888      <listitem>
    922889        <para>
    923           On a Windows host, in the Programs menu, click on the item in
    924           the <emphasis role="bold">VirtualBox</emphasis> group. On
    925           Vista or Windows 7, you can also type
     890          On a Windows host, in the
     891          <emphasis role="bold">Programs</emphasis> menu, click on the
     892          item in the <emphasis role="bold">VirtualBox</emphasis> group.
     893          On Vista or Windows 7, you can also enter
    926894          <computeroutput>VirtualBox</computeroutput> in the search box
    927           of the Start menu.
     895          of the <emphasis role="bold">Start</emphasis> menu.
    928896        </para>
    929897      </listitem>
     
    933901          On a Mac OS X host, in the Finder, double-click on the
    934902          <emphasis role="bold">VirtualBox</emphasis> item in the
    935           "Applications" folder. You may want to drag this item onto
    936           your Dock.
    937         </para>
    938       </listitem>
    939 
    940       <listitem>
    941         <para>
    942           On a Linux or Solaris host, depending on your desktop
    943           environment, a VirtualBox item may have been placed in either
    944           the System or System Tools group of your Applications menu.
    945           Alternatively, you can type
    946           <computeroutput>VirtualBox</computeroutput> in a terminal.
     903          Applications folder. You may want to drag this item onto your
     904          Dock.
     905        </para>
     906      </listitem>
     907
     908      <listitem>
     909        <para>
     910          On a Linux or Oracle Solaris host, depending on your desktop
     911          environment, an &product-name; item may have been placed in
     912          either the System or System Tools group of your
     913          <emphasis role="bold">Applications</emphasis> menu.
     914          Alternatively, you can enter
     915          <computeroutput>VirtualBox</computeroutput> in a terminal
     916          window.
    947917        </para>
    948918      </listitem>
     
    951921
    952922    <para>
    953       When you start VirtualBox for the first time, a window like the
    954       following is displayed:
    955     </para>
    956 
    957     <mediaobject>
    958       <imageobject>
    959         <imagedata align="center" fileref="images/virtualbox-main-empty.png"
     923      When you start &product-name; for the first time, a window like
     924      the following is displayed:
     925    </para>
     926
     927    <figure id="fig-vbox-manager-initial">
     928      <title>VirtualBox Manager Window, After Initial Startup</title>
     929      <mediaobject>
     930        <imageobject>
     931          <imagedata align="center" fileref="images/virtualbox-main-empty.png"
    960932                     width="10cm" />
    961       </imageobject>
    962     </mediaobject>
    963 
    964     <para>
    965       This window is called the <emphasis
    966     role="bold">"VirtualBox
    967       Manager"</emphasis>. On the left, you can see a pane that will
     933        </imageobject>
     934      </mediaobject>
     935    </figure>
     936
     937    <para>
     938      This window is called the <emphasis role="bold">VirtualBox
     939      Manager</emphasis>. On the left, you can see a pane that will
    968940      later list all your virtual machines. Since you have not created
    969       any, the list is empty. A row of buttons above it allows you to
     941      any, the list is empty. A row of buttons above it enables you to
    970942      create new VMs and work on existing VMs, once you have some. The
    971943      pane on the right displays the properties of the virtual machine
     
    975947
    976948    <para>
    977       To give you an idea what VirtualBox might look like later, after
    978       you have created many machines, here is another example:
    979     </para>
    980 
    981     <mediaobject>
    982       <imageobject>
    983         <imagedata align="center" fileref="images/virtualbox-main.png"
     949      To give you an idea what &product-name; might look like later,
     950      after you have created many machines, here is another example:
     951    </para>
     952
     953    <figure id="fig-vbox-manager-populated">
     954      <title>VirtualBox Manager Window, After Creating Virtual Machines</title>
     955      <mediaobject>
     956        <imageobject>
     957          <imagedata align="center" fileref="images/virtualbox-main.png"
    984958                     width="10cm" />
    985       </imageobject>
    986     </mediaobject>
     959        </imageobject>
     960      </mediaobject>
     961    </figure>
    987962
    988963  </sect1>
     
    993968
    994969    <para>
    995       Click on the <emphasis role="bold">New</emphasis> button at the
    996       top of the VirtualBox Manager window. A wizard will pop up to
    997       guide you through setting up a new virtual machine (VM):
    998     </para>
    999 
    1000     <para>
     970      Click the <emphasis role="bold">New</emphasis> button at the top
     971      of the VirtualBox Manager window. A wizard is shown, to guide you
     972      through setting up a new virtual machine (VM):
     973    </para>
     974
     975    <figure id="fig-new-vm-name">
     976      <title>Creating a New Virtual Machine: Name and Operating System</title>
    1001977      <mediaobject>
    1002978        <imageobject>
     
    1005981        </imageobject>
    1006982      </mediaobject>
    1007 
     983    </figure>
     984
     985    <para>
    1008986      On the following pages, the wizard will ask you for the bare
    1009987      minimum of information that is needed to create a VM, in
     
    1016994        <para>
    1017995          The <emphasis role="bold">Name</emphasis> of the VM will later
    1018           be shown in the VM list of the VirtualBox Manager window, and
    1019           it will be used for the VM's files on disk. Even though any
    1020           name can be used, bear in mind that if you create a few VMs,
    1021           you will appreciate if you have given your VMs rather
     996          be shown in the machine list of the VirtualBox Manager window,
     997          and it will be used for the VM's files on disk. Even though
     998          any name can be used, bear in mind that if you create a few
     999          VMs, you will appreciate if you have given your VMs rather
    10221000          informative names."My VM" would thus be less useful than
    10231001          "Windows XP SP2 with OpenOffice", for example.
     
    10321010          install something very unusual that is not listed, select
    10331011          <emphasis role="bold">Other</emphasis>. Depending on your
    1034           selection, VirtualBox will enable or disable certain VM
     1012          selection, &product-name; will enable or disable certain VM
    10351013          settings that your guest operating system may require. This is
    10361014          particularly important for 64-bit guests. See
    1037           <xref
    1038           linkend="intro-64bitguests" />. It is
    1039           therefore recommended to always set it to the correct value.
     1015          <xref linkend="intro-64bitguests" />. It is therefore
     1016          recommended to always set it to the correct value.
    10401017        </para>
    10411018      </listitem>
     
    10441021        <para>
    10451022          On the next page, select the <emphasis role="bold">Memory
    1046           (RAM)</emphasis> that VirtualBox should allocate every time
    1047           the virtual machine is started. The amount of memory given
    1048           here will be taken away from your host machine and presented
    1049           to the guest operating system, which will report this size as
    1050           the virtual computer's installed RAM.
     1023          (RAM)</emphasis> that &product-name; should allocate every
     1024          time the virtual machine is started. The amount of memory
     1025          given here will be taken away from your host machine and
     1026          presented to the guest operating system, which will report
     1027          this size as the virtual computer's installed RAM.
    10511028        </para>
    10521029
     
    10991076        <para>
    11001077          There are many and potentially complicated ways in which
    1101           VirtualBox can provide hard disk space to a VM, see
    1102           <xref
    1103           linkend="storage" />, but the most common way
    1104           is to use a large image file on your "real" hard disk, whose
    1105           contents VirtualBox presents to your VM as if it were a
    1106           complete hard disk. This file represents an entire hard disk
    1107           then, so you can even copy it to another host and use it with
    1108           another VirtualBox installation.
     1078          &product-name; can provide hard disk space to a VM, see
     1079          <xref linkend="storage" />, but the most common way is to use
     1080          a large image file on your "real" hard disk, whose contents
     1081          &product-name; presents to your VM as if it were a complete
     1082          hard disk. This file represents an entire hard disk then, so
     1083          you can even copy it to another host and use it with another
     1084          &product-name; installation.
    11091085        </para>
    11101086
     
    11131089        </para>
    11141090
    1115         <para>
     1091        <figure id="fig-new-vm-hard-disk">
     1092          <title>Creating a New Virtual Machine: Hard Disk</title>
    11161093          <mediaobject>
    11171094            <imageobject>
     
    11201097            </imageobject>
    11211098          </mediaobject>
    1122         </para>
     1099        </figure>
    11231100
    11241101        <para>
     
    11311108            <para>
    11321109              To create a new, empty virtual hard disk, click the
    1133               <emphasis role="bold">New</emphasis> button.
    1134             </para>
    1135           </listitem>
    1136 
    1137           <listitem>
    1138             <para>
    1139               You can pick an
    1140               <emphasis
    1141                >existing</emphasis> disk image
     1110              <emphasis role="bold">Create</emphasis> button.
     1111            </para>
     1112          </listitem>
     1113
     1114          <listitem>
     1115            <para>
     1116              You can pick an <emphasis>existing</emphasis> disk image
    11421117              file.
    11431118            </para>
     
    11451120            <para>
    11461121              The drop-down list presented in the window lists all disk
    1147               images which are currently remembered by VirtualBox. These
    1148               disk images are currently attached to a virtual machine,
    1149               or have been attached to a virtual machine.
     1122              images which are currently remembered by &product-name;.
     1123              These disk images are currently attached to a virtual
     1124              machine, or have been attached to a virtual machine.
    11501125            </para>
    11511126
    11521127            <para>
    11531128              Alternatively, click on the small
    1154               <emphasis
    1155                 role="bold">folder
    1156               icon</emphasis> next to the drop-down list to display a
    1157               standard file dialog, where you can select any disk image
    1158               file on your host disk.
     1129              <emphasis role="bold">folder icon</emphasis> next to the
     1130              drop-down list. In the displayed file dialog, you can
     1131              click <emphasis role="bold">Add</emphasis> to select any
     1132              disk image file on your host disk.
    11591133            </para>
    11601134          </listitem>
     
    11631137
    11641138        <para>
    1165           If you are using VirtualBox for the first time, you will want
    1166           to create a new disk image. Click the
    1167           <emphasis role="bold">New</emphasis> button.
    1168         </para>
    1169 
    1170         <para>
    1171           This displays another window, the
    1172           <emphasis
    1173           role="bold">Create New Virtual Disk
    1174           Wizard</emphasis>. This wizard helps you to create a new disk
    1175           image file in the new virtual machine's folder.
    1176         </para>
    1177 
    1178         <para>
    1179           VirtualBox supports the following types of image files:
     1139          If you are using &product-name; for the first time, you will
     1140          want to create a new disk image. Click the
     1141          <emphasis role="bold">Create</emphasis> button.
     1142        </para>
     1143
     1144        <para>
     1145          This displays another window, the <emphasis role="bold">Create
     1146          Virtual Hard Disk Wizard</emphasis> wizard. This wizard helps
     1147          you to create a new disk image file in the new virtual
     1148          machine's folder.
     1149        </para>
     1150
     1151        <para>
     1152          &product-name; supports the following types of image files:
    11801153        </para>
    11811154
     
    12081181        <para>
    12091182          For details about the differences, see
    1210           <xref
    1211           linkend="vdidetails" />.
     1183          <xref linkend="vdidetails" />.
    12121184        </para>
    12131185
    12141186        <para>
    12151187          To prevent your physical hard disk from running full,
    1216           VirtualBox limits the size of the image file. Still, it needs
    1217           to be large enough to hold the contents of your operating
    1218           system and the applications you want to install. For a modern
    1219           Windows or Linux guest, you will probably need several
    1220           gigabytes for any serious use. The limit of the image file
    1221           size can be changed later, see
    1222           <xref
    1223           linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvdi"/>.
    1224         </para>
    1225 
    1226         <mediaobject>
    1227           <imageobject>
    1228             <imagedata align="center" fileref="images/create-vdi-1.png"
     1188          &product-name; limits the size of the image file. Still, it
     1189          needs to be large enough to hold the contents of your
     1190          operating system and the applications you want to install. For
     1191          a modern Windows or Linux guest, you will probably need
     1192          several gigabytes for any serious use. The limit of the image
     1193          file size can be changed later, see
     1194          <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvdi"/>.
     1195        </para>
     1196
     1197        <figure id="fig-new-vm-vdi">
     1198          <title>Creating a New Virtual Machine: File Location and Size</title>
     1199          <mediaobject>
     1200            <imageobject>
     1201              <imagedata align="center" fileref="images/create-vdi-1.png"
    12291202                         width="10cm" />
    1230           </imageobject>
    1231         </mediaobject>
    1232 
    1233         <para>
    1234           After having selected or created your image file, again click
     1203            </imageobject>
     1204          </mediaobject>
     1205        </figure>
     1206
     1207        <para>
     1208          After having selected or created your image file, click
    12351209          <emphasis role="bold">Next</emphasis> to go to the next page.
    12361210        </para>
     
    12391213      <listitem>
    12401214        <para>
    1241           After clicking on <emphasis role="bold">Finish</emphasis>
    1242           button, your new virtual machine is created. The virtual
    1243           machine is displayed in the list on the left side of the
    1244           Manager window, with the name that you entered initially.
     1215          Click <emphasis role="bold">Create</emphasis>, to create your
     1216          new virtual machine. The virtual machine is displayed in the
     1217          list on the left side of the VirtualBox Manager window, with
     1218          the name that you entered initially.
    12451219        </para>
    12461220      </listitem>
     
    12711245      <listitem>
    12721246        <para>
    1273           Double-click on its entry in the list within the Manager
    1274           window.
    1275         </para>
    1276       </listitem>
    1277 
    1278       <listitem>
    1279         <para>
    1280           Select its entry in the list in the Manager window, and click
    1281           the <emphasis role="bold">Start</emphasis> button at the top.
    1282         </para>
    1283       </listitem>
    1284 
    1285       <listitem>
    1286         <para>
    1287           For virtual machines created with VirtualBox 4.0 or later,
    1288           navigate to the <computeroutput>VirtualBox
    1289           VMs</computeroutput> folder in your system user's home
    1290           directory. Find the subdirectory of the machine you want to
    1291           start and double-click on the machine settings file, which has
    1292           a <computeroutput>.vbox</computeroutput> file extension.
     1247          Double-click on the VM's entry in the list in the VirtualBox
     1248          Manager window.
     1249        </para>
     1250      </listitem>
     1251
     1252      <listitem>
     1253        <para>
     1254          Select the VM's entry in the list in the VirtualBox Manager
     1255          window, and click <emphasis role="bold">Start</emphasis> at
     1256          the top of the window.
     1257        </para>
     1258      </listitem>
     1259
     1260      <listitem>
     1261        <para>
     1262          Go to the <computeroutput>VirtualBox VMs</computeroutput>
     1263          folder in your system user's home directory. Find the
     1264          subdirectory of the machine you want to start and double-click
     1265          on the machine settings file. This file has a
     1266          <computeroutput>.vbox</computeroutput> file extension.
    12931267        </para>
    12941268      </listitem>
     
    13531327            in the form of an ISO image file such as with a Linux
    13541328            distribution, you would normally burn this file to an empty
    1355             CD or DVD and proceed as described above. With VirtualBox
    1356             however, you can skip this step and mount the ISO file
    1357             directly. VirtualBox will then present this file as a CD or
    1358             DVD-ROM drive to the virtual machine, much like it does with
    1359             virtual hard disk images.
     1329            CD or DVD and proceed as described above. With
     1330            &product-name; however, you can skip this step and mount the
     1331            ISO file directly. &product-name; will then present this
     1332            file as a CD or DVD-ROM drive to the virtual machine, much
     1333            like it does with virtual hard disk images.
    13601334          </para>
    13611335
     
    13631337            In this case, the wizard's drop-down list contains a list of
    13641338            installation media that were previously used with
    1365             VirtualBox.
     1339            &product-name;.
    13661340          </para>
    13671341
    13681342          <para>
    13691343            If your medium is not in the list, especially if you are
    1370             using VirtualBox for the first time, click the small folder
    1371             icon next to the drop-down list to display a standard file
    1372             dialog. Here you can pick an image file on your host disks.
     1344            using &product-name; for the first time, click the small
     1345            folder icon next to the drop-down list to display a standard
     1346            file dialog. Here you can pick an image file on your host
     1347            disks.
    13731348          </para>
    13741349        </listitem>
     
    13881363
    13891364      <para>
    1390         As of version 3.2, VirtualBox provides a virtual USB tablet
    1391         device to new virtual machines through which mouse events are
    1392         communicated to the guest operating system. If you are running a
    1393         modern guest operating system that can handle such devices,
    1394         mouse support may work out of the box without the mouse being
     1365        &product-name; provides a virtual USB tablet device to new
     1366        virtual machines through which mouse events are communicated to
     1367        the guest operating system. If you are running a modern guest
     1368        operating system that can handle such devices, mouse support may
     1369        work out of the box without the mouse being
    13951370        <emphasis>captured</emphasis> as described below. See
    13961371        <xref linkend="settings-motherboard" />.
     
    14191394      <para>
    14201395        To return ownership of keyboard and mouse to your host operating
    1421         system, VirtualBox reserves a special key on your keyboard: the
    1422         <emphasis role="bold">Host key</emphasis>. By default, this is
    1423         the <emphasis>right Ctrl key</emphasis> on your keyboard. On a
    1424         Mac host, the default Host key is the left Command key. You can
    1425         change this default in the VirtualBox Global Settings. See
    1426         <xref
    1427         linkend="globalsettings" />. The current setting
    1428         for the Host key is always displayed at the bottom right of your
    1429         VM window.
    1430       </para>
    1431 
    1432       <mediaobject>
    1433         <imageobject>
    1434           <imagedata align="center" fileref="images/vm-hostkey.png"
     1396        system, &product-name; reserves a special key on your keyboard:
     1397        the <emphasis>Host key</emphasis>. By default, this is the
     1398        <emphasis>right Ctrl key</emphasis> on your keyboard. On a Mac
     1399        host, the default Host key is the left Command key. You can
     1400        change this default in the &product-name; Global Settings. See
     1401        <xref linkend="globalsettings" />. The current setting for the
     1402        Host key is always displayed at the bottom right of your VM
     1403        window.
     1404      </para>
     1405
     1406      <figure id="fig-host-key">
     1407        <title>Host Key Setting on the Virtual Machine Task Bar</title>
     1408        <mediaobject>
     1409          <imageobject>
     1410            <imagedata align="center" fileref="images/vm-hostkey.png"
    14351411                       width="7cm" />
    1436         </imageobject>
    1437       </mediaobject>
     1412          </imageobject>
     1413        </mediaobject>
     1414      </figure>
    14381415
    14391416      <para>
     
    14491426            keyboard focus. If you have many windows open in your guest
    14501427            operating system, the window that has the focus in your VM
    1451             is used. This means that if you want to type within your VM,
    1452             click on the title bar of your VM window first.
     1428            is used. This means that if you want to enter text within
     1429            your VM, click on the title bar of your VM window first.
    14531430          </para>
    14541431
     
    14851462            Note that mouse ownership is independent of that of the
    14861463            keyboard. Even after you have clicked on a titlebar to be
    1487             able to type into the VM window, your mouse is not
     1464            able to enter text into the VM window, your mouse is not
    14881465            necessarily owned by the VM yet.
    14891466          </para>
     
    14981475
    14991476      <para>
    1500         As this behavior can be inconvenient, VirtualBox provides a set
    1501         of tools and device drivers for guest systems called the
    1502         VirtualBox Guest Additions which make VM keyboard and mouse
     1477        As this behavior can be inconvenient, &product-name; provides a
     1478        set of tools and device drivers for guest systems called the
     1479        &product-name; Guest Additions which make VM keyboard and mouse
    15031480        operation a lot more seamless. Most importantly, the Additions
    15041481        will get rid of the second "guest" mouse pointer and make your
    1505         host mouse pointer work directly in the guest.
    1506       </para>
    1507 
    1508       <para>
    1509         This is described in <xref
    1510       linkend="guestadditions" />.
     1482        host mouse pointer work directly in the guest. See
     1483        <xref linkend="guestadditions" />.
    15111484      </para>
    15121485
     
    15221495        difficult to enter into a virtual machine, as there are three
    15231496        candidates as to who receives keyboard input: the host operating
    1524         system, VirtualBox, or the guest operating system. Which of
     1497        system, &product-name;, or the guest operating system. Which of
    15251498        these three receives keypresses depends on a number of factors,
    15261499        including the key itself.
     
    15331506            Host operating systems reserve certain key combinations for
    15341507            themselves. For example, it is impossible to enter the
    1535             <emphasis
    1536           role="bold">Ctrl+Alt+Delete</emphasis>
    1537             combination if you want to reboot the guest operating system
    1538             in your virtual machine, because this key combination is
    1539             usually hard-wired into the host OS, both Windows and Linux
     1508            <emphasis role="bold">Ctrl+Alt+Delete</emphasis> combination
     1509            if you want to reboot the guest operating system in your
     1510            virtual machine, because this key combination is usually
     1511            hard-wired into the host OS, both Windows and Linux
    15401512            intercept this, and pressing this key combination will
    15411513            therefore reboot your <emphasis>host</emphasis>.
     
    15431515
    15441516          <para>
    1545             On Linux and Solaris hosts, which use the X Window System,
    1546             the key combination
    1547             <emphasis
    1548           role="bold">Ctrl+Alt+Backspace</emphasis>
    1549             normally resets the X server and restarts the entire
    1550             graphical user interface. As the X server intercepts this
    1551             combination, pressing it will usually restart your
     1517            On Linux and Oracle Solaris hosts, which use the X Window
     1518            System, the key combination
     1519            <emphasis role="bold">Ctrl+Alt+Backspace</emphasis> normally
     1520            resets the X server and restarts the entire graphical user
     1521            interface. As the X server intercepts this combination,
     1522            pressing it will usually restart your
    15521523            <emphasis>host</emphasis> graphical user interface and kill
    1553             all running programs, including VirtualBox, in the process.
     1524            all running programs, including &product-name;, in the
     1525            process.
    15541526          </para>
    15551527
     
    15581530            combination <emphasis role="bold">Ctrl+Alt+Fx</emphasis>,
    15591531            where Fx is one of the function keys from F1 to F12,
    1560             normally allows you to switch between virtual terminals. As
     1532            normally enables you to switch between virtual terminals. As
    15611533            with Ctrl+Alt+Delete, these combinations are intercepted by
    15621534            the host operating system and therefore always switch
     
    15801552                <emphasis role="bold">Insert Ctrl+Alt+Delete</emphasis>
    15811553                and <emphasis role="bold">Ctrl+Alt+Backspace</emphasis>.
    1582                 The latter will only have an effect with Linux or
     1554                The latter will only have an effect with Linux or Oracle
    15831555                Solaris guests, however.
     1556              </para>
     1557
     1558              <para>
     1559                This menu also includes an option for inserting the Host
     1560                key combination.
    15841561              </para>
    15851562            </listitem>
     
    15881565              <para>
    15891566                Use special key combinations with the Host key, normally
    1590                 the right Control key. VirtualBox will then translate
    1591                 these key combinations for the virtual machine:
     1567                the right Control key. &product-name; will then
     1568                translate these key combinations for the virtual
     1569                machine:
    15921570              </para>
    15931571
     
    16061584                    Backspace</emphasis> to send Ctrl+Alt+Backspace to
    16071585                    restart the graphical user interface of a Linux or
    1608                     Solaris guest.
     1586                    Oracle Solaris guest.
    16091587                  </para>
    16101588                </listitem>
     
    16281606          <para>
    16291607            For some other keyboard combinations such as
    1630             <emphasis
    1631           role="bold">Alt-Tab</emphasis> to switch
    1632             between open windows, VirtualBox allows you to configure
     1608            <emphasis role="bold">Alt-Tab</emphasis> to switch between
     1609            open windows, &product-name; enables you to configure
    16331610            whether these combinations will affect the host or the
    16341611            guest, if a virtual machine currently has the focus. This is
    16351612            a global setting for all virtual machines and can be found
    1636             under "File", "Preferences", "Input".
     1613            under <emphasis role="bold">File</emphasis>,
     1614            <emphasis role="bold">Preferences</emphasis>,
     1615            <emphasis role="bold">Input</emphasis>.
    16371616          </para>
    16381617        </listitem>
     
    16491628        While a virtual machine is running, you can change removable
    16501629        media in the <emphasis role="bold">Devices</emphasis> menu of
    1651         the VM's window. Here you can select in detail what VirtualBox
    1652         presents to your VM as a CD, DVD, or floppy.
     1630        the VM's window. Here you can select in detail what
     1631        &product-name; presents to your VM as a CD, DVD, or floppy.
    16531632      </para>
    16541633
    16551634      <para>
    16561635        The settings are the same as would be available for the VM in
    1657         the Settings dialog of the VirtualBox main window, but since
    1658         that dialog is disabled while the VM is in the "running" or
    1659         "saved" state, this extra menu saves you from having to shut
    1660         down and restart the VM every time you want to change media.
    1661       </para>
    1662 
    1663       <para>
    1664         Hence, in the Devices menu, VirtualBox allows you to attach the
    1665         host drive to the guest or select a floppy or DVD image using
    1666         the Disk Image Manager, as described in
    1667         <xref
    1668       linkend="configbasics" />.
     1636        the <emphasis role="bold">Settings</emphasis> dialog of the
     1637        &product-name; main window. But as the
     1638        <emphasis role="bold">Settings</emphasis> dialog is disabled
     1639        while the VM is in the Running or Saved state, this extra menu
     1640        saves you from having to shut down and restart the VM every time
     1641        you want to change media.
     1642      </para>
     1643
     1644      <para>
     1645        Hence, in the <emphasis role="bold">Devices</emphasis> menu,
     1646        &product-name; enables you to attach the host drive to the guest
     1647        or select a floppy or DVD image using the Disk Image Manager, as
     1648        described in <xref linkend="configbasics" />.
    16691649      </para>
    16701650
     
    16771657      <para>
    16781658        You can resize the virtual machine's window when it is running.
    1679         In that case, one of three things will happen:
     1659        In that case, one of the following things will happen:
    16801660      </para>
    16811661
     
    17041684          <para>
    17051685            The aspect ratio of the guest screen is preserved when
    1706             resizing the window. To ignore the aspect ratio, press Shift
    1707             during the resize operation.
     1686            resizing the window. To ignore the aspect ratio, press
     1687            <emphasis role="bold">Shift</emphasis> during the resize
     1688            operation.
    17081689          </para>
    17091690
     
    17501731        button of your virtual machine window, at the top right of the
    17511732        window, just like you would close any other window on your
    1752         system, VirtualBox asks you whether you want to save or power
    1753         off the VM. As a shortcut, you can also press Host key + Q.
    1754       </para>
    1755 
    1756       <para>
     1733        system, &product-name; asks you whether you want to save or
     1734        power off the VM. As a shortcut, you can also press
     1735        <emphasis role="bold">Host key + Q</emphasis>.
     1736      </para>
     1737
     1738      <figure id="fig-vm-close">
     1739        <title>Closing Down a Virtual Machine</title>
    17571740        <mediaobject>
    17581741          <imageobject>
     
    17611744          </imageobject>
    17621745        </mediaobject>
    1763 
     1746      </figure>
     1747
     1748      <para>
    17641749        The difference between the three options is crucial. They mean
    17651750        the following:
     
    17711756          <para>
    17721757            <emphasis role="bold">Save the machine state:</emphasis>
    1773             With this option, VirtualBox <emphasis>freezes</emphasis>
    1774             the virtual machine by completely saving its state to your
    1775             local disk.
     1758            With this option, &product-name;
     1759            <emphasis>freezes</emphasis> the virtual machine by
     1760            completely saving its state to your local disk.
    17761761          </para>
    17771762
     
    17991784          <para>
    18001785            <emphasis role="bold">Power off the machine:</emphasis> With
    1801             this option, VirtualBox also stops running the virtual
     1786            this option, &product-name; also stops running the virtual
    18021787            machine, but <emphasis>without</emphasis> saving its state.
    18031788          </para>
     
    18721857            </para>
    18731858
    1874             <para>
     1859            <figure id="fig-vm-groups">
     1860              <title>Creating a Group of Virtual Machines</title>
    18751861              <mediaobject>
    18761862                <imageobject>
     
    18791865                </imageobject>
    18801866              </mediaobject>
    1881             </para>
     1867            </figure>
    18821868          </listitem>
    18831869
     
    19711957      state, even though you may have changed the VM considerably since
    19721958      then. A snapshot of a virtual machine is thus similar to a machine
    1973       in "saved" state, as described above, but there can be many of
    1974       them, and these saved states are preserved.
     1959      in Saved state, but there can be many of them, and these saved
     1960      states are preserved.
    19751961    </para>
    19761962
    19771963    <para>
    19781964      You can see the snapshots of a virtual machine by first selecting
    1979       a machine in the VirtualBox Manager and then clicking on the
    1980       <emphasis role="bold">Snapshots</emphasis> button at the top
    1981       right. Until you take a snapshot of the machine, the list of
    1982       snapshots will be empty except for the
    1983       <emphasis role="bold">Current State</emphasis> item, which
    1984       represents the "now" point in the lifetime of the virtual machine.
     1965      a machine in the VirtualBox Manager and then clicking
     1966      <emphasis role="bold">Snapshots</emphasis> at the top right. Until
     1967      you take a snapshot of the machine, the list of snapshots will be
     1968      empty except for the <emphasis role="bold">Current
     1969      State</emphasis> item, which represents the "now" point in the
     1970      lifetime of the virtual machine.
    19851971    </para>
    19861972
     
    20172003                If your VM is currently in either the Saved or the
    20182004                Powered Off state, as displayed next to the VM in the
    2019                 VirtualBox main window, click on the
     2005                &product-name; main window, click on the
    20202006                <emphasis role="bold">Snapshots </emphasis>tab on the
    20212007                top right of the main window. Do one of the following:
     
    20502036            useful name would be "Fresh installation from scratch, no
    20512037            Guest Additions", or "Service Pack 3 just installed". You
    2052             can also add a longer text in the Description field.
     2038            can also add a longer text in the
     2039            <emphasis role="bold">Description</emphasis> field.
    20532040          </para>
    20542041
     
    20632050          </para>
    20642051
    2065           <mediaobject>
    2066             <imageobject>
    2067               <imagedata align="center" fileref="images/snapshots-1.png"
     2052          <figure id="fig-snapshots-list">
     2053            <title>Snapshots List for a Virtual Machine</title>
     2054            <mediaobject>
     2055              <imageobject>
     2056                <imagedata align="center" fileref="images/snapshots-1.png"
    20682057                             width="12cm" />
    2069             </imageobject>
    2070           </mediaobject>
    2071 
    2072           <para>
    2073             VirtualBox imposes no limits on the number of snapshots you
    2074             can take. The only practical limitation is disk space on
     2058              </imageobject>
     2059            </mediaobject>
     2060          </figure>
     2061
     2062          <para>
     2063            &product-name; imposes no limits on the number of snapshots
     2064            you can take. The only practical limitation is disk space on
    20752065            your host. Each snapshot stores the state of the virtual
    20762066            machine and thus occupies some disk space. See
     
    20882078            and the machine is restored to the exact state it was in
    20892079            when the snapshot was taken.
    2090 
    2091             <footnote>
    2092 
    2093               <para>
    2094                 Both the terminology and the functionality of restoring
    2095                 snapshots has changed with VirtualBox 3.1. Before that
    2096                 version, it was only possible to go back to the very
    2097                 last snapshot taken -- not earlier ones, and the
    2098                 operation was called "Discard current state" instead of
    2099                 "Restore last snapshot". The limitation has been lifted
    2100                 with version 3.1. It is now possible to restore
    2101                 <emphasis>any</emphasis> snapshot, going backward and
    2102                 forward in time.
    2103               </para>
    2104 
    2105             </footnote>
    21062080          </para>
    21072081
     
    21152089              lost. </emphasis>In order to prevent such data loss while
    21162090              still making use of the snapshot feature, it is possible
    2117               to add a second hard drive in "write-through" mode using
    2118               the <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput> interface
    2119               and use it to store your data. As write-through hard
    2120               drives are <emphasis>not</emphasis> included in snapshots,
    2121               they remain unaltered when a machine is reverted. See
     2091              to add a second hard drive in
     2092              <emphasis>write-through</emphasis> mode using the
     2093              <command>VBoxManage</command> interface and use it to
     2094              store your data. As write-through hard drives are
     2095              <emphasis>not</emphasis> included in snapshots, they
     2096              remain unaltered when a machine is reverted. See
    21222097              <xref
    21232098              linkend="hdimagewrites" />.
     
    21442119            <emphasis role="bold">Delete a snapshot</emphasis>. This
    21452120            does not affect the state of the virtual machine, but only
    2146             releases the files on disk that VirtualBox used to store the
    2147             snapshot data, thus freeing disk space. To delete a
     2121            releases the files on disk that &product-name; used to store
     2122            the snapshot data, thus freeing disk space. To delete a
    21482123            snapshot, right-click on it in the snapshots tree and select
    21492124            <emphasis role="bold">Delete</emphasis>. Snapshots can be
     
    22172192            in "normal" mode. You can configure disks to behave
    22182193            differently with snapshots, see
    2219             <xref
    2220             linkend="hdimagewrites" />. Even more
    2221             formally and technically correct, it is not the virtual disk
    2222             itself that is restored when a snapshot is restored.
    2223             Instead, when a snapshot is taken, VirtualBox creates
    2224             differencing images which contain only the changes since the
    2225             snapshot were taken, and when the snapshot is restored,
    2226             VirtualBox throws away that differencing image, thus going
    2227             back to the previous state. This is both faster and uses
    2228             less disk space. For the details, which can be complex, see
    2229             <xref linkend="diffimages" />.
     2194            <xref linkend="hdimagewrites" />. Even more formally and
     2195            technically correct, it is not the virtual disk itself that
     2196            is restored when a snapshot is restored. Instead, when a
     2197            snapshot is taken, &product-name; creates differencing
     2198            images which contain only the changes since the snapshot
     2199            were taken, and when the snapshot is restored,
     2200            &product-name; throws away that differencing image, thus
     2201            going back to the previous state. This is both faster and
     2202            uses less disk space. For the details, which can be complex,
     2203            see <xref linkend="diffimages" />.
    22302204          </para>
    22312205
     
    22682242
    22692243    <para>
    2270       When you select a virtual machine from the list in the Manager
    2271       window, you will see a summary of that machine's settings on the
    2272       right.
     2244      When you select a virtual machine from the list in the VirtualBox
     2245      Manager window, you will see a summary of that machine's settings
     2246      on the right.
    22732247    </para>
    22742248
     
    22852259    <note>
    22862260      <para>
    2287         The Settings button is disabled while a VM is either in the
    2288         Running or Saved state. This is because the settings dialog
    2289         allows you to change fundamental characteristics of the virtual
     2261        The <emphasis role="bold">Settings</emphasis> button is disabled
     2262        while a VM is either in the Running or Saved state. This is
     2263        because the <emphasis role="bold">Settings</emphasis> dialog
     2264        enables you to change fundamental characteristics of the virtual
    22902265        computer that is created for your guest operating system, and
    22912266        this operating system may perform well when, for example, half
    2292         of its memory is taken away. As a result, if the Settings button
    2293         is disabled, shut down the current VM first.
     2267        of its memory is taken away. As a result, if the
     2268        <emphasis role="bold">Settings</emphasis> button is disabled,
     2269        shut down the current VM first.
    22942270      </para>
    22952271    </note>
    22962272
    22972273    <para>
    2298       VirtualBox provides a wide range of parameters that can be changed
    2299       for a virtual machine. The various settings that can be changed in
    2300       the Settings window are described in detail in
    2301       <xref
    2302     linkend="BasicConcepts" />. Even more parameters are
    2303       available with the VirtualBox command line interface. See
    2304       <xref
    2305     linkend="vboxmanage" />.
     2274      &product-name; provides a wide range of parameters that can be
     2275      changed for a virtual machine. The various settings that can be
     2276      changed in the <emphasis role="bold">Settings</emphasis> window
     2277      are described in detail in <xref linkend="BasicConcepts" />. Even
     2278      more parameters are available with the &product-name; command line
     2279      interface. See <xref linkend="vboxmanage" />.
    23062280    </para>
    23072281
     
    23102284  <sect1 id="intro-removing">
    23112285
    2312     <title>Removing Virtual Machines</title>
    2313 
    2314     <para>
    2315       To remove a virtual machine which you no longer need, right-click
    2316       on it in the Manager's VM list and select
    2317       <emphasis role="bold">Remove</emphasis>.
    2318     </para>
    2319 
    2320     <para>
    2321       A confirmation window is displayed that allows you to select
    2322       whether the machine should only be removed from the list of
    2323       machines or whether the files associated with it should also be
    2324       deleted.
    2325     </para>
    2326 
    2327     <para>
    2328       The Remove menu item is disabled while a machine is running.
     2286    <title>Removing and Moving Virtual Machines</title>
     2287
     2288    <para>
     2289      You can easily remove a virtual machine from &product-name;.
     2290      Alternatively, you can move the virtual machine and associated
     2291      files, such as a disk image, to another location on the host.
     2292    </para>
     2293
     2294    <itemizedlist>
     2295
     2296      <listitem>
     2297        <para>
     2298          <emphasis role="bold">Removing a VM.</emphasis> To remove a
     2299          virtual machine which you no longer need, right-click on the
     2300          VM in the VirtualBox Manager's machine list and select
     2301          <emphasis role="bold">Remove</emphasis>.
     2302        </para>
     2303
     2304        <para>
     2305          A confirmation dialog is displayed that enables you to select
     2306          whether the virtual machine should only be removed from the
     2307          list of machines, or whether the files associated with it
     2308          should also be deleted.
     2309        </para>
     2310
     2311        <para>
     2312          The <emphasis role="bold">Remove</emphasis> menu item is
     2313          disabled while a VM is running.
     2314        </para>
     2315      </listitem>
     2316
     2317      <listitem>
     2318        <para>
     2319          <emphasis role="bold">Moving a VM.</emphasis> To move a
     2320          virtual machine to a new location on the host, right-click on
     2321          the VM in the VirtualBox Manager's machine list and select
     2322          <emphasis role="bold">Move</emphasis>.
     2323        </para>
     2324
     2325        <para>
     2326          A file dialog prompts you to select a new location for the
     2327          virtual machine.
     2328        </para>
     2329
     2330        <para>
     2331          When you move a VM, &product-name; configuration files are
     2332          updated automatically to use the new location on the host.
     2333        </para>
     2334
     2335        <para>
     2336          The <emphasis role="bold">Move</emphasis> menu item is
     2337          disabled while a VM is running.
     2338        </para>
     2339
     2340        <para>
     2341          You can also use the <command>VBoxManage</command> command to
     2342          move a VM. See <xref linkend="vboxmanage-movevm"/>.
     2343        </para>
     2344      </listitem>
     2345
     2346    </itemizedlist>
     2347
     2348    <para>
     2349      For details of removing or moving a disk image file from
     2350      &product-name;, see <xref linkend="vdis"/>.
    23292351    </para>
    23302352
     
    23372359    <para>
    23382360      To experiment with a VM configuration, test different guest OS
    2339       levels or to simply backup a VM, VirtualBox can create a full or a
    2340       linked copy of an existing VM.
    2341 
    2342       <footnote>
    2343 
    2344         <para>
    2345           Cloning support was introduced with VirtualBox 4.1.
    2346         </para>
    2347 
    2348       </footnote>
    2349     </para>
    2350 
    2351     <para>
    2352       A wizard guides you through the clone process.
    2353     </para>
    2354 
    2355     <mediaobject>
    2356       <imageobject>
    2357         <imagedata align="center" fileref="images/clone-vm.png"
     2361      levels or to simply backup a VM, &product-name; can create a full
     2362      or a linked copy of an existing VM. This is called
     2363      <emphasis>cloning</emphasis> a virtual machine.
     2364    </para>
     2365
     2366    <para>
     2367      The <emphasis role="bold">Clone Virtual Machine</emphasis> wizard
     2368      guides you through the cloning process.
     2369    </para>
     2370
     2371    <figure id="fig-clone-wizard">
     2372      <title>The Clone Virtual Machine Wizard</title>
     2373      <mediaobject>
     2374        <imageobject>
     2375          <imagedata align="center" fileref="images/clone-vm.png"
    23582376                   width="10cm" />
    2359       </imageobject>
    2360     </mediaobject>
    2361 
    2362     <para>
    2363       This wizard can be started from the right-click menu of the
    2364       Manager's VM list, by clicking
    2365       <emphasis role="bold">Clone</emphasis>, or the
     2377        </imageobject>
     2378      </mediaobject>
     2379    </figure>
     2380
     2381    <para>
     2382      Start the wizard by clicking
     2383      <emphasis role="bold">Clone</emphasis> in the right-click menu of
     2384      the VirtualBox Manager's machine list, or in the
    23662385      <emphasis role="bold">Snapshots</emphasis> view of the selected
    2367       VM. First choose a new name for the clone. When you select
    2368       <emphasis
    2369     role="bold">Reinitialize the MAC address of all
    2370       network cards</emphasis> every network card get a new MAC address
    2371       assigned. This is useful when both the source VM and the cloned VM
    2372       have to operate on the same network. If you leave this unchanged,
    2373       all network cards have the same MAC address like the one in the
    2374       source VM. Depending on how you invoke the wizard you have
    2375       different choices for the cloning operation. First you need to
    2376       decide if the clone should be linked to the source VM or if a
    2377       fully independent clone should be created.
     2386      VM.
     2387    </para>
     2388
     2389    <para>
     2390      Enter a new <emphasis role="bold">Name</emphasis> for the clone.
     2391      You can choose a <emphasis role="bold">Path</emphasis> for the
     2392      cloned virtual machine, otherwise the default machines folder is
     2393      used.
     2394    </para>
     2395
     2396    <para>
     2397      The <emphasis role="bold">Clone Type</emphasis> option is used to
     2398      specify if the clone should be linked to the source VM, or if a
     2399      fully independent clone should be created, as follows:
    23782400    </para>
    23792401
     
    23822404      <listitem>
    23832405        <para>
    2384           <emphasis role="bold">Full clone:</emphasis> In this mode, all
     2406          <emphasis role="bold">Full Clone:</emphasis> In this mode, all
    23852407          dependent disk images are copied to the new VM folder. The
    23862408          clone can fully operate without the source VM.
     
    23902412      <listitem>
    23912413        <para>
    2392           <emphasis role="bold">Linked clone:</emphasis> In this mode,
     2414          <emphasis role="bold">Linked Clone:</emphasis> In this mode,
    23932415          new differencing disk images are created where the parent disk
    23942416          images are the source disk images. If you selected the current
     
    24012423
    24022424    <para>
    2403       After selecting the clone mode, you need to decide what exactly
    2404       should be cloned. You can always create a clone of the
    2405       <emphasis>current state</emphasis> only or
    2406       <emphasis>all</emphasis>. When you select
    2407       <emphasis>all</emphasis>, the current state and in addition all
    2408       snapshots are cloned. If you started from a snapshot which has
    2409       additional children, you can also clone the
    2410       <emphasis role="italic">current state and all children</emphasis>.
    2411       This creates a clone starting with this snapshot and includes all
    2412       child snapshots.
    2413     </para>
     2425      The <emphasis role="bold">Snapshots</emphasis> option determines
     2426      what should be cloned. You can create a clone of the
     2427      <emphasis role="bold">Current Machine State</emphasis> only or
     2428      <emphasis role="bold">Everything</emphasis>. When you select
     2429      <emphasis role="bold">Everything</emphasis>, the current machine
     2430      state and additionally all snapshots are cloned. If you started
     2431      from a snapshot which has additional children, you can also clone
     2432      the <emphasis role="bold">Current Machine State and All
     2433      Children</emphasis>. This creates a clone starting with this
     2434      snapshot and includes all child snapshots.
     2435    </para>
     2436
     2437    <para>
     2438      The following clone options are available:
     2439    </para>
     2440
     2441    <itemizedlist>
     2442
     2443      <listitem>
     2444        <para>
     2445          <emphasis role="bold">MAC Address Policy:</emphasis> Select an
     2446          option for retaining network card MAC addresses when cloning
     2447          the VM.
     2448        </para>
     2449
     2450        <para>
     2451          For example, when you select <emphasis role="bold">Generate
     2452          New MAC Addresses For All Network Adapters</emphasis> every
     2453          network card is assigned a new MAC address during cloning.
     2454          This is the default setting, and is useful when both the
     2455          source VM and the cloned VM have to operate on the same
     2456          network. Other options enable you to retain existing MAC
     2457          addresses in the cloned VM.
     2458        </para>
     2459      </listitem>
     2460
     2461      <listitem>
     2462        <para>
     2463          <emphasis role="bold">Keep Disk Names:</emphasis> The names of
     2464          disk images are retained when cloning the VM.
     2465        </para>
     2466      </listitem>
     2467
     2468      <listitem>
     2469        <para>
     2470          <emphasis role="bold">Keep Hardware UUIDs:</emphasis> Hardware
     2471          UUIDs are retained when cloning the VM.
     2472        </para>
     2473      </listitem>
     2474
     2475    </itemizedlist>
    24142476
    24152477    <para>
     
    24212483
    24222484    <para>
    2423       The Clone menu item is disabled while a machine is running.
     2485      The <emphasis role="bold">Clone</emphasis> menu item is disabled
     2486      while a machine is running.
    24242487    </para>
    24252488
    24262489    <para>
    24272490      To clone a VM from the command line, see
    2428       <xref
    2429     linkend="vboxmanage-clonevm" />.
     2491      <xref linkend="vboxmanage-clonevm" />.
    24302492    </para>
    24312493
     
    24372499
    24382500    <para>
    2439       VirtualBox can import and export virtual machines in the
    2440       industry-standard Open Virtualization Format (OVF).
    2441 
    2442       <footnote>
    2443 
    2444         <para>
    2445           OVF support was originally introduced with VirtualBox 2.2 and
    2446           has seen major improvements with every version since.
    2447         </para>
    2448 
    2449       </footnote>
    2450     </para>
    2451 
    2452     <para>
    2453       OVF is a cross-platform standard supported by many virtualization
    2454       products which allows for creating ready-made virtual machines
    2455       that can then be imported into a virtualizer such as VirtualBox.
    2456       VirtualBox makes OVF import and export easy to access and supports
    2457       it from the Manager window as well as its command-line interface.
    2458       This allows for packaging so-called <emphasis>virtual
    2459       appliances</emphasis>. These are disk images, together with
    2460       configuration settings that can be distributed easily. This way
    2461       one can offer complete ready-to-use software packages, including
    2462       operating systems with applications, that need no configuration or
    2463       installation except for importing into VirtualBox.
    2464     </para>
    2465 
    2466     <note>
    2467       <para>
    2468         The OVF standard is complex, and support in VirtualBox is an
    2469         ongoing process. In particular, no guarantee is made that
    2470         VirtualBox supports all appliances created by other
    2471         virtualization software. For a list of known limitations, see
    2472         <xref
     2501      &product-name; can import and export virtual machines in the
     2502      following formats:
     2503    </para>
     2504
     2505    <itemizedlist>
     2506
     2507      <listitem>
     2508        <para>
     2509          <emphasis role="bold">Open Virtualization Format
     2510          (OVF).</emphasis> This is the industry-standard format. See
     2511          <xref linkend="ovf-about"/>.
     2512        </para>
     2513      </listitem>
     2514
     2515      <listitem>
     2516        <para>
     2517          <emphasis role="bold">Cloud service formats.</emphasis> Export
     2518          to cloud services such as &oci; is supported. Import is not
     2519          supported. See <xref linkend="ovf-export-oci"/>.
     2520        </para>
     2521      </listitem>
     2522
     2523    </itemizedlist>
     2524
     2525    <sect2 id="ovf-about">
     2526
     2527      <title>About the OVF Format</title>
     2528
     2529      <para>
     2530        OVF is a cross-platform standard supported by many
     2531        virtualization products which enables the creation of ready-made
     2532        virtual machines that can then be imported into a hypervisor
     2533        such as &product-name;. &product-name; makes OVF import and
     2534        export easy to do, using the VirtualBox Manager window or the
     2535        command-line interface.
     2536      </para>
     2537
     2538      <para>
     2539        Using OVF enables packaging of <emphasis>virtual
     2540        appliances</emphasis>. These are disk images, together with
     2541        configuration settings that can be distributed easily. This way
     2542        one can offer complete ready-to-use software packages, including
     2543        operating systems with applications, that need no configuration
     2544        or installation except for importing into &product-name;.
     2545      </para>
     2546
     2547      <note>
     2548        <para>
     2549          The OVF standard is complex, and support in &product-name; is
     2550          an ongoing process. In particular, no guarantee is made that
     2551          &product-name; supports all appliances created by other
     2552          virtualization software. For a list of known limitations, see
     2553          <xref
    24732554        linkend="KnownIssues" />.
    2474       </para>
    2475     </note>
    2476 
    2477     <para>
    2478       Appliances in OVF format can appear in the following variants:
    2479     </para>
    2480 
    2481     <itemizedlist>
    2482 
    2483       <listitem>
    2484         <para>
    2485           They can come in several files, as one or several disk images,
    2486           typically in the widely-used VMDK format. See
    2487           <xref
    2488           linkend="vdidetails" />. They also include a
    2489           textual description file in an XML dialect with an
    2490           <computeroutput>.ovf</computeroutput> extension. These files
    2491           must then reside in the same directory for VirtualBox to be
    2492           able to import them.
    2493         </para>
    2494       </listitem>
    2495 
    2496       <listitem>
    2497         <para>
    2498           Alternatively, the above files can be packed together into a
    2499           single archive file, typically with an
    2500           <computeroutput>.ova</computeroutput> extension. Such archive
    2501           files use a variant of the TAR archive format and can
    2502           therefore be unpacked outside of VirtualBox with any utility
    2503           that can unpack standard TAR files.
    2504         </para>
    2505       </listitem>
    2506 
    2507     </itemizedlist>
    2508 
    2509     <para>
    2510       To <emphasis role="bold">import an appliance</emphasis> in one of
    2511       the above formats, double-click on the OVF/OVA file.
    2512 
    2513       <footnote>
    2514 
    2515         <para>
    2516           Starting with version 4.0, VirtualBox creates file type
    2517           associations for OVF and OVA files on your host operating
    2518           system.
    2519         </para>
    2520 
    2521       </footnote>
    2522 
    2523       Alternatively, select <emphasis role="bold">File</emphasis>,
    2524       <emphasis role="bold">Import Appliance</emphasis> from the Manager
    2525       window. In the displayed file dialog, navigate to the file with
    2526       either the <computeroutput>.ovf</computeroutput> or the
    2527       <computeroutput>.ova</computeroutput> file extension.
    2528     </para>
    2529 
    2530     <para>
    2531       If VirtualBox can handle the file, a dialog similar to the
    2532       following will appear:
    2533     </para>
    2534 
    2535     <mediaobject>
    2536       <imageobject>
    2537         <imagedata align="center" fileref="images/ovf-import.png"
     2555        </para>
     2556      </note>
     2557
     2558      <para>
     2559        Appliances in OVF format can appear in the following variants:
     2560      </para>
     2561
     2562      <itemizedlist>
     2563
     2564        <listitem>
     2565          <para>
     2566            They can come in several files, as one or several disk
     2567            images, typically in the widely-used VMDK format. See
     2568            <xref linkend="vdidetails" />. They also include a textual
     2569            description file in an XML dialect with an
     2570            <computeroutput>.ovf</computeroutput> extension. These files
     2571            must then reside in the same directory for &product-name; to
     2572            be able to import them.
     2573          </para>
     2574        </listitem>
     2575
     2576        <listitem>
     2577          <para>
     2578            Alternatively, the above files can be packed together into a
     2579            single archive file, typically with an
     2580            <computeroutput>.ova</computeroutput> extension. Such
     2581            archive files use a variant of the TAR archive format and
     2582            can therefore be unpacked outside of &product-name; with any
     2583            utility that can unpack standard TAR files.
     2584          </para>
     2585        </listitem>
     2586
     2587      </itemizedlist>
     2588
     2589      <note>
     2590        <para>
     2591          OVF cannot describe snapshots that were taken for a virtual
     2592          machine. As a result, when you export a virtual machine that
     2593          has snapshots, only the current state of the machine will be
     2594          exported. The disk images in the export will have a
     2595          <emphasis>flattened</emphasis> state identical to the current
     2596          state of the virtual machine.
     2597        </para>
     2598      </note>
     2599
     2600    </sect2>
     2601
     2602    <sect2 id="ovf-import-appliance">
     2603
     2604      <title>Importing an Appliance in OVF Format</title>
     2605
     2606      <para>
     2607        To import an appliance in OVF format, use the following steps.
     2608      </para>
     2609
     2610      <orderedlist>
     2611
     2612        <listitem>
     2613          <para>
     2614            Double-click on the OVF or OVA file.
     2615          </para>
     2616
     2617          <para>
     2618            &product-name; creates file type associations automatically
     2619            for any OVF and OVA files on your host operating system.
     2620          </para>
     2621        </listitem>
     2622
     2623        <listitem>
     2624          <para>
     2625            Select <emphasis role="bold">File</emphasis>,
     2626            <emphasis role="bold">Import Appliance</emphasis> in the
     2627            VirtualBox Manager window. In the displayed file dialog,
     2628            navigate to the file with either the
     2629            <computeroutput>.ovf</computeroutput> or the
     2630            <computeroutput>.ova</computeroutput> file extension.
     2631          </para>
     2632
     2633          <para>
     2634            Click <emphasis role="bold">Import</emphasis>. The
     2635            <emphasis role="bold">Appliance Settings</emphasis> screen
     2636            is shown.
     2637          </para>
     2638
     2639          <figure id="fig-import-appliance">
     2640            <title>Appliance Settings Screen for Import Appliance</title>
     2641            <mediaobject>
     2642              <imageobject>
     2643                <imagedata align="center" fileref="images/ovf-import.png"
    25382644                     width="12cm" />
    2539       </imageobject>
    2540     </mediaobject>
    2541 
    2542     <para>
    2543       This presents the virtual machines described in the OVF file and
    2544       allows you to change the virtual machine settings by
    2545       double-clicking on the description items. Once you click on
    2546       <emphasis
    2547     role="bold">"Import"</emphasis>, VirtualBox will
    2548       copy the disk images and create local virtual machines with the
    2549       settings described in the dialog. These will then show up in the
    2550       Manager's list of virtual machines.
    2551     </para>
    2552 
    2553     <para>
    2554       Note that since disk images tend to be big, and VMDK images that
    2555       come with virtual appliances are typically shipped in a special
    2556       compressed format that is unsuitable for being used by virtual
    2557       machines directly, the images will need to be unpacked and copied
    2558       first, which can take a few minutes.
    2559     </para>
    2560 
    2561     <para>
    2562       To import an image using the command line, see
    2563       <xref
    2564     linkend="vboxmanage-import" />.
    2565     </para>
    2566 
    2567     <para>
    2568       To <emphasis role="bold">export virtual machines</emphasis> that
    2569       you already have in VirtualBox, select
    2570       <emphasis role="bold">File</emphasis>, <emphasis role="bold">
    2571       Export Appliance</emphasis>. A dialog window is displayed that
    2572       enables you to combine several virtual machines into an OVF
    2573       appliance. Select the target location where the target files
    2574       should be stored, and the conversion process begins. This can take
    2575       a while.
    2576     </para>
    2577 
    2578     <para>
    2579       To export an image using the command line, see
    2580       <xref
    2581     linkend="vboxmanage-export" />.
    2582     </para>
    2583 
    2584     <note>
    2585       <para>
    2586         OVF cannot describe snapshots that were taken for a virtual
    2587         machine. As a result, when you export a virtual machine that has
    2588         snapshots, only the current state of the machine will be
    2589         exported. The disk images in the export will have a "flattened"
    2590         state identical to the current state of the virtual machine.
    2591       </para>
    2592     </note>
     2645              </imageobject>
     2646            </mediaobject>
     2647          </figure>
     2648
     2649          <para>
     2650            This screen shows the virtual machines described in the OVF
     2651            or OVA file and enables you to change the virtual machine
     2652            settings.
     2653          </para>
     2654
     2655          <para>
     2656            By default, membership of VM groups is preserved on import
     2657            for VMs that were initially exported from &product-name;.
     2658            This can be changed using the <emphasis role="bold">Primary
     2659            Group</emphasis> setting for the VM.
     2660          </para>
     2661
     2662          <para>
     2663            The following global settings apply for all of the VMs that
     2664            you are importing:
     2665          </para>
     2666
     2667          <itemizedlist>
     2668
     2669            <listitem>
     2670              <para>
     2671                <emphasis role="bold">Base Folder:</emphasis> The
     2672                directory on the host where the imported VMs are stored.
     2673              </para>
     2674
     2675              <para>
     2676                If there are multiple VMs in an appliance, you can
     2677                specify a different directory for each VM by editing the
     2678                <emphasis role="bold">Base Folder</emphasis> setting for
     2679                the VM.
     2680              </para>
     2681            </listitem>
     2682
     2683            <listitem>
     2684              <para>
     2685                <emphasis role="bold">MAC Address Policy</emphasis>: By
     2686                default, MAC addresses of network cards on your VMs are
     2687                reinitialized before import. You can choose to preserve
     2688                MAC addresses on import.
     2689              </para>
     2690            </listitem>
     2691
     2692            <listitem>
     2693              <para>
     2694                <emphasis role="bold">Import Hard Drives as
     2695                VDI:</emphasis> By default, hard drives are imported in
     2696                VMDK format. This option enables import in VDI format.
     2697              </para>
     2698            </listitem>
     2699
     2700          </itemizedlist>
     2701        </listitem>
     2702
     2703        <listitem>
     2704          <para>
     2705            Click <emphasis role="bold">Import</emphasis> to import the
     2706            appliance.
     2707          </para>
     2708
     2709          <para>
     2710            &product-name; copies the disk images and creates local
     2711            virtual machines with the settings described in the
     2712            <emphasis role="bold">Appliance Settings</emphasis> screen.
     2713            The imported VMs are shown in the list of virtual machines
     2714            in VirtualBox Manager.
     2715          </para>
     2716
     2717          <para>
     2718            Note that since disk images tend to be big, and VMDK images
     2719            that come with virtual appliances are typically shipped in a
     2720            special compressed format that is unsuitable for being used
     2721            by virtual machines directly, the images are unpacked and
     2722            copied first, which can take a few minutes.
     2723          </para>
     2724        </listitem>
     2725
     2726      </orderedlist>
     2727
     2728      <para>
     2729        To import an appliance using the command line, see
     2730        <xref linkend="vboxmanage-import" />.
     2731      </para>
     2732
     2733    </sect2>
     2734
     2735    <sect2 id="ovf-export-appliance">
     2736
     2737      <title>Exporting an Appliance in OVF Format</title>
     2738
     2739      <para>
     2740        To export an appliance in OVF format, use the following steps.
     2741      </para>
     2742
     2743      <orderedlist>
     2744
     2745        <listitem>
     2746          <para>
     2747            Select <emphasis role="bold">File</emphasis>,
     2748            <emphasis role="bold"> Export Appliance</emphasis>.
     2749          </para>
     2750
     2751          <para>
     2752            The <emphasis role="bold">Export Virtual
     2753            Appliance</emphasis> wizard is shown. The initial window
     2754            enables you to combine several virtual machines into an OVF
     2755            appliance.
     2756          </para>
     2757
     2758          <para>
     2759            Select one or more VMs to export and click
     2760            <emphasis role="bold">Next</emphasis>.
     2761          </para>
     2762        </listitem>
     2763
     2764        <listitem>
     2765          <para>
     2766            The <emphasis role="bold">Appliance Settings</emphasis>
     2767            screen is shown, where you can choose the following
     2768            settings:
     2769          </para>
     2770
     2771          <itemizedlist>
     2772
     2773            <listitem>
     2774              <para>
     2775                <emphasis role="bold">Format:</emphasis> Select an
     2776                <emphasis role="bold">Open Virtualization
     2777                Format</emphasis> option for the output files.
     2778              </para>
     2779
     2780              <para>
     2781                The <emphasis role="bold">&oci;</emphasis> option is
     2782                used for export to &oci;. See
     2783                <xref linkend="ovf-export-oci"/>.
     2784              </para>
     2785            </listitem>
     2786
     2787            <listitem>
     2788              <para>
     2789                <emphasis role="bold">File:</emphasis> Select the
     2790                location where the exported files are to be stored.
     2791              </para>
     2792            </listitem>
     2793
     2794            <listitem>
     2795              <para>
     2796                <emphasis role="bold">MAC Address Policy:</emphasis>
     2797                Select an option for retaining network card MAC
     2798                addresses on export.
     2799              </para>
     2800            </listitem>
     2801
     2802            <listitem>
     2803              <para>
     2804                <emphasis role="bold">Write Manifest File:</emphasis>
     2805                Enables you to include a manifest file in the exported
     2806                archive file.
     2807              </para>
     2808            </listitem>
     2809
     2810            <listitem>
     2811              <para>
     2812                <emphasis role="bold">Include ISO Image
     2813                Files:</emphasis> Enables you to include ISO image files
     2814                in the exported archive file.
     2815              </para>
     2816            </listitem>
     2817
     2818          </itemizedlist>
     2819        </listitem>
     2820
     2821        <listitem>
     2822          <para>
     2823            Click <emphasis role="bold">Next</emphasis> to display the
     2824            <emphasis role="bold">Virtual System Settings</emphasis>
     2825            screen.
     2826          </para>
     2827
     2828          <para>
     2829            You can edit settings for the virtual appliance. For
     2830            example, you can change the name and add product information
     2831            such as vendor details or license text.
     2832          </para>
     2833
     2834          <para>
     2835            To change a setting, double-click on the required field.
     2836          </para>
     2837        </listitem>
     2838
     2839        <listitem>
     2840          <para>
     2841            Click <emphasis role="bold">Export</emphasis> and the export
     2842            process begins. Note that this can take a while.
     2843          </para>
     2844        </listitem>
     2845
     2846      </orderedlist>
     2847
     2848      <para>
     2849        To export an appliance using the command line, see
     2850        <xref linkend="vboxmanage-export" />.
     2851      </para>
     2852
     2853    </sect2>
     2854
     2855<!-- New content for 6.0 -->
     2856
     2857    <sect2 id="ovf-export-oci">
     2858
     2859      <title>Exporting an Appliance to &oci;</title>
     2860
     2861      <para>
     2862        &product-name; supports the export of VMs to an &oci; service.
     2863      </para>
     2864
     2865      <para>
     2866        Before you export a VM to &oci;, you need to do the following:
     2867      </para>
     2868
     2869      <itemizedlist>
     2870
     2871        <listitem>
     2872          <para>
     2873            Generate an API signing key pair. This is used for API
     2874            requests to &oci;.
     2875          </para>
     2876
     2877          <itemizedlist>
     2878
     2879            <listitem>
     2880              <para>
     2881                The key pair is usually installed in the
     2882                <computeroutput>.oci</computeroutput> folder in your
     2883                home directory. For example,
     2884                <computeroutput>~/.oci</computeroutput> on a Linux
     2885                system.
     2886              </para>
     2887            </listitem>
     2888
     2889            <listitem>
     2890              <para>
     2891                The public key of the key pair must be uploaded to the
     2892                cloud service.
     2893              </para>
     2894            </listitem>
     2895
     2896          </itemizedlist>
     2897
     2898          <para>
     2899            Instructions for creating and uploading an API signing key
     2900            for &oci; are at:
     2901          </para>
     2902
     2903          <para>
     2904            <ulink url="https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/iaas/Content/API/Concepts/apisigningkey.htm#How">https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/iaas/Content/API/Concepts/apisigningkey.htm#How</ulink>
     2905          </para>
     2906        </listitem>
     2907
     2908        <listitem>
     2909          <para>
     2910            Create a profile for your cloud account.
     2911          </para>
     2912
     2913          <para>
     2914            The cloud profile contains resource identifiers for your
     2915            cloud account, such as your user OCID, and the fingerprint
     2916            for your public key. You can create a cloud profile in the
     2917            following ways:
     2918          </para>
     2919
     2920          <itemizedlist>
     2921
     2922            <listitem>
     2923              <para>
     2924                Automatically, using the <emphasis role="bold">Cloud
     2925                Profile Manager</emphasis>. See
     2926                <xref linkend="ovf-cloud-profile-manager"/>.
     2927              </para>
     2928            </listitem>
     2929
     2930            <listitem>
     2931              <para>
     2932                Manually, by creating an
     2933                <computeroutput>oci_config</computeroutput> file in your
     2934                &product-name; global configuration directory. For
     2935                example, this is
     2936                <computeroutput>$HOME/.config/VirtualBox/oci_config</computeroutput>
     2937                on a Linux host.
     2938              </para>
     2939            </listitem>
     2940
     2941            <listitem>
     2942              <para>
     2943                Manually, by creating a
     2944                <computeroutput>config</computeroutput> file in your
     2945                &oci; configuration directory. For example, this is
     2946                <computeroutput>$HOME/.oci/config</computeroutput> on a
     2947                Linux host.
     2948              </para>
     2949
     2950              <para>
     2951                This is the same file that is used by the &oci; Command
     2952                Line Interface.
     2953              </para>
     2954
     2955              <para>
     2956                &product-name; uses this file automatically if a cloud
     2957                profile file is not present in your global configuration
     2958                directory. Alternatively, you can import this file
     2959                manually into the Cloud Profile Manager.
     2960              </para>
     2961            </listitem>
     2962
     2963          </itemizedlist>
     2964
     2965          <para>
     2966            For information on cloud profile settings used by &oci; see
     2967            the following:
     2968          </para>
     2969
     2970          <para>
     2971            <ulink url="https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/iaas/Content/API/Concepts/sdkconfig.htm">https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/iaas/Content/API/Concepts/sdkconfig.htm</ulink>
     2972          </para>
     2973        </listitem>
     2974
     2975        <listitem>
     2976          <para>
     2977            Ensure that the subnet used by source VMs are available in
     2978            the target compartment on the cloud service.
     2979          </para>
     2980        </listitem>
     2981
     2982      </itemizedlist>
     2983
     2984      <para>
     2985        To export a VM to &oci;, use the following steps.
     2986      </para>
     2987
     2988      <orderedlist>
     2989
     2990        <listitem>
     2991          <para>
     2992            Select <emphasis role="bold">File</emphasis>,
     2993            <emphasis role="bold"> Export Appliance</emphasis>.
     2994          </para>
     2995
     2996          <para>
     2997            The <emphasis role="bold">Export Virtual
     2998            Appliance</emphasis> wizard is shown.
     2999          </para>
     3000
     3001          <para>
     3002            Select a VM to export and click
     3003            <emphasis role="bold">Next</emphasis>.
     3004          </para>
     3005        </listitem>
     3006
     3007        <listitem>
     3008          <para>
     3009            The <emphasis role="bold">Appliance Settings</emphasis>
     3010            screen is shown.
     3011          </para>
     3012
     3013          <para>
     3014            In the <emphasis role="bold">Format</emphasis> drop-down
     3015            list, select <emphasis role="bold">&oci;</emphasis>.
     3016          </para>
     3017
     3018          <para>
     3019            In the <emphasis role="bold">Account</emphasis> drop-down
     3020            list, select your &oci; account.
     3021          </para>
     3022
     3023          <para>
     3024            &oci; accounts can be set up using the Cloud Profile
     3025            Manager.
     3026          </para>
     3027
     3028          <para>
     3029            The window below the
     3030            <emphasis role="bold">Account</emphasis> field displays the
     3031            profile settings for your cloud account.
     3032          </para>
     3033
     3034          <figure id="fig-export-appliance-oci">
     3035            <title>Appliance Settings Screen, Showing Cloud Profile Settings</title>
     3036            <mediaobject>
     3037              <imageobject>
     3038                <imagedata align="center" fileref="images/export-appliance-oci.png"
     3039                  width="12cm" />
     3040              </imageobject>
     3041            </mediaobject>
     3042          </figure>
     3043
     3044          <para>
     3045            Click <emphasis role="bold">Next</emphasis>. &product-name;
     3046            makes an API request to the &oci; service.
     3047          </para>
     3048        </listitem>
     3049
     3050        <listitem>
     3051          <para>
     3052            The <emphasis role="bold">Virtual System Settings</emphasis>
     3053            screen is shown.
     3054          </para>
     3055
     3056          <para>
     3057            You can edit settings used for the virtual machine on &oci;.
     3058            For example, you can edit the Disk Size and Shape used for
     3059            the VM instance.
     3060          </para>
     3061
     3062          <para>
     3063            Click <emphasis role="bold">Export</emphasis> to export the
     3064            virtual machines to the cloud service.
     3065          </para>
     3066        </listitem>
     3067
     3068        <listitem>
     3069          <para>
     3070            The VMs are uploaded to &oci;.
     3071          </para>
     3072
     3073          <para>
     3074            Instances are created for the uploaded VMs.
     3075          </para>
     3076
     3077          <para>
     3078            If the <emphasis role="bold">Launch Instance</emphasis>
     3079            setting was enabled on the <emphasis role="bold">Virtual
     3080            System Settings</emphasis> screen, the VM instance is
     3081            started.
     3082          </para>
     3083
     3084          <para>
     3085            You can monitor the export process using the &oci; Console.
     3086          </para>
     3087        </listitem>
     3088
     3089      </orderedlist>
     3090
     3091    </sect2>
     3092
     3093    <sect2 id="ovf-cloud-profile-manager">
     3094
     3095      <title>The Cloud Profile Manager</title>
     3096
     3097      <para>
     3098        The Cloud Profile Manager is a component of &product-name; that
     3099        enables you to create, edit, and manage cloud profiles for your
     3100        cloud service accounts.
     3101      </para>
     3102
     3103      <figure id="fig-cloud-profile-manager">
     3104        <title>The Cloud Profile Manager</title>
     3105        <mediaobject>
     3106          <imageobject>
     3107            <imagedata align="center" fileref="images/cloud-profile-manager.png"
     3108              width="12cm" />
     3109          </imageobject>
     3110        </mediaobject>
     3111      </figure>
     3112
     3113      <para>
     3114        To display the Cloud Profile Manager select
     3115        <emphasis role="bold">File</emphasis>,
     3116        <emphasis role="bold">Cloud Profile Manager</emphasis> in the
     3117        VirtualBox Manager window.
     3118      </para>
     3119
     3120      <para>
     3121        You can use the Cloud Profile Manager to create a new cloud
     3122        profile automatically, or you can create a cloud profile by
     3123        importing settings from your &oci; configuration file into the
     3124        Cloud Profile Manager.
     3125      </para>
     3126
     3127      <para>
     3128        To create a new cloud profile, do the following:
     3129      </para>
     3130
     3131      <orderedlist>
     3132
     3133        <listitem>
     3134          <para>
     3135            Click the <emphasis role="bold">Add</emphasis> icon and
     3136            specify a <emphasis role="bold">Name</emphasis> for the
     3137            profile.
     3138          </para>
     3139        </listitem>
     3140
     3141        <listitem>
     3142          <para>
     3143            Click <emphasis role="bold">Properties</emphasis> and enter
     3144            the following settings for the profile:
     3145          </para>
     3146
     3147          <itemizedlist>
     3148
     3149            <listitem>
     3150              <para>
     3151                Compartment OCID
     3152              </para>
     3153            </listitem>
     3154
     3155            <listitem>
     3156              <para>
     3157                Fingerprint of the public key
     3158              </para>
     3159            </listitem>
     3160
     3161            <listitem>
     3162              <para>
     3163                Location of the private key on the client device
     3164              </para>
     3165            </listitem>
     3166
     3167            <listitem>
     3168              <para>
     3169                (Optional) Passphrase for the private key, if the key is
     3170                encrypted
     3171              </para>
     3172            </listitem>
     3173
     3174            <listitem>
     3175              <para>
     3176                Region OCID
     3177              </para>
     3178            </listitem>
     3179
     3180            <listitem>
     3181              <para>
     3182                Tenancy OCID
     3183              </para>
     3184            </listitem>
     3185
     3186            <listitem>
     3187              <para>
     3188                User OCID
     3189              </para>
     3190            </listitem>
     3191
     3192          </itemizedlist>
     3193
     3194          <para>
     3195            Some of these are settings for your &oci; account. They can
     3196            be viewed using the &oci; Console.
     3197          </para>
     3198        </listitem>
     3199
     3200        <listitem>
     3201          <para>
     3202            Click <emphasis role="bold">Apply</emphasis> to save your
     3203            changes.
     3204          </para>
     3205
     3206          <para>
     3207            Settings for your cloud profile are added to the
     3208            <computeroutput>oci_config</computeroutput> file in your
     3209            &product-name; global settings directory.
     3210          </para>
     3211        </listitem>
     3212
     3213      </orderedlist>
     3214
     3215      <para>
     3216        To import an existing &oci; configuration file, do the
     3217        following:
     3218      </para>
     3219
     3220      <orderedlist>
     3221
     3222        <listitem>
     3223          <para>
     3224            Ensure that a <computeroutput>config</computeroutput> file
     3225            is present in your &oci; configuration directory. For
     3226            example, this is
     3227            <computeroutput>$HOME/.oci/config</computeroutput> on a
     3228            Linux host.
     3229          </para>
     3230        </listitem>
     3231
     3232        <listitem>
     3233          <para>
     3234            Click the <emphasis role="bold">Import</emphasis> icon.
     3235          </para>
     3236
     3237          <para>
     3238            A dialog prompting you to import cloud profiles from
     3239            external files is shown.
     3240          </para>
     3241
     3242          <warning>
     3243            <para>
     3244              The dialog warns you that any cloud profiles in your
     3245              &product-name; global settings directory will be
     3246              overwritten.
     3247            </para>
     3248          </warning>
     3249        </listitem>
     3250
     3251        <listitem>
     3252          <para>
     3253            Click <emphasis role="bold">Import</emphasis>.
     3254          </para>
     3255
     3256          <para>
     3257            Settings for your cloud profile are added to the
     3258            <computeroutput>oci_config</computeroutput> file in your
     3259            &product-name; global settings directory.
     3260          </para>
     3261        </listitem>
     3262
     3263        <listitem>
     3264          <para>
     3265            Click <emphasis role="bold">Properties</emphasis> to display
     3266            settings for the cloud profile.
     3267          </para>
     3268
     3269          <para>
     3270            To change a setting, double-click on the required field.
     3271          </para>
     3272        </listitem>
     3273
     3274        <listitem>
     3275          <para>
     3276            Click <emphasis role="bold">Apply</emphasis> to save your
     3277            changes.
     3278          </para>
     3279        </listitem>
     3280
     3281      </orderedlist>
     3282
     3283    </sect2>
    25933284
    25943285  </sect1>
     
    25993290
    26003291    <para>
    2601       The Global Settings dialog can be displayed using the
    2602       <emphasis role="bold">File</emphasis> menu, by clicking the
    2603       <emphasis role="bold">Preferences</emphasis> item. This dialog
    2604       offers a selection of settings, most of which apply to all virtual
    2605       machines of the current user. The
     3292      The <emphasis role="bold">Global Settings</emphasis> dialog can be
     3293      displayed using the <emphasis role="bold">File</emphasis> menu, by
     3294      clicking the <emphasis role="bold">Preferences</emphasis> item.
     3295      This dialog offers a selection of settings, most of which apply to
     3296      all virtual machines of the current user. The
    26063297      <emphasis role="bold">Extensions</emphasis> option applies to the
    26073298      entire system.
     
    26253316        <para>
    26263317          <emphasis role="bold">Input.</emphasis> Enables the user to
    2627           specify the Host yey. It identifies the key that toggles
     3318          specify the Host key. It identifies the key that toggles
    26283319          whether the cursor is in the focus of the VM or the Host
    26293320          operating system windows, see
    26303321          <xref linkend="keyb_mouse_normal"/>, and which is also used to
    26313322          trigger certain VM actions, see
    2632           <xref
    2633          linkend="specialcharacters"/>.
     3323          <xref linkend="specialcharacters"/>.
    26343324        </para>
    26353325      </listitem>
     
    26523342        <para>
    26533343          <emphasis role="bold">Display.</emphasis> Enables the user to
    2654           specify the screen resolution, and its width and height.
     3344          specify the screen resolution, and its width and height. A
     3345          default scale factor can be specified for all guest screens.
    26553346        </para>
    26563347      </listitem>
     
    26873378    <para>
    26883379      As briefly mentioned in <xref linkend="features-overview" />,
    2689       VirtualBox has a very flexible internal design that allows for
    2690       using multiple interfaces to control the same virtual machines.
    2691       For example, you can start a virtual machine with the VirtualBox
    2692       Manager window and then stop it from the command line. With
    2693       VirtualBox's support for the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), you
    2694       can even run virtual machines remotely on a headless server and
    2695       have all the graphical output redirected over the network.
    2696     </para>
    2697 
    2698     <para>
    2699       The following front-ends are shipped in the standard VirtualBox
    2700       package:
     3380      &product-name; has a very flexible internal design that enables
     3381      you to use multiple interfaces to control the same virtual
     3382      machines. For example, you can start a virtual machine with the
     3383      VirtualBox Manager window and then stop it from the command line.
     3384      With &product-name;'s support for the Remote Desktop Protocol
     3385      (RDP), you can even run virtual machines remotely on a headless
     3386      server and have all the graphical output redirected over the
     3387      network.
     3388    </para>
     3389
     3390    <para>
     3391      The following front-ends are shipped in the standard
     3392      &product-name; package:
    27013393    </para>
    27023394
     
    27053397      <listitem>
    27063398        <para>
    2707           <computeroutput>VirtualBox</computeroutput> is the VirtualBox
    2708           Manager. This graphical user interface uses the Qt toolkit,
    2709           and is described throughout this User Manual. While this is
    2710           the simplest and easiest front-end to use, some of the more
    2711           advanced VirtualBox features are not included.
    2712         </para>
    2713       </listitem>
    2714 
    2715       <listitem>
    2716         <para>
    2717           <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput> is a command-line
     3399          <emphasis role="bold">VirtualBox.</emphasis> This is the
     3400          VirtualBox Manager, a graphical user interface that uses the
     3401          Qt toolkit. This interface is described throughout this
     3402          manual. While this is the simplest and easiest front-end to
     3403          use, some of the more advanced &product-name; features are not
     3404          included.
     3405        </para>
     3406      </listitem>
     3407
     3408      <listitem>
     3409        <para>
     3410          <emphasis role="bold">VBoxManage.</emphasis> A command-line
    27183411          interface for automated and detailed control of every aspect
    2719           of VirtualBox. See <xref
     3412          of &product-name;. See
     3413          <xref
    27203414          linkend="vboxmanage" />.
    27213415        </para>
     
    27243418      <listitem>
    27253419        <para>
    2726           <computeroutput>VBoxSDL</computeroutput> is an alternative,
    2727           simple graphical front-end with an intentionally limited
    2728           feature set, designed to only display virtual machines that
    2729           are controlled in detail with
    2730           <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput>. This can be used
    2731           in environments where displaying all the features of the full
    2732           GUI is not feasible. See <xref
    2733           linkend="vboxsdl" />.
    2734         </para>
    2735       </listitem>
    2736 
    2737       <listitem>
    2738         <para>
    2739           <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput> is a front-end
     3420          <emphasis role="bold">VBoxHeadless.</emphasis> A front-end
    27403421          that produces no visible output on the host at all, but can
    27413422          act as a RDP server if the VirtualBox Remote Desktop Extension
     
    27453426          host your virtual machines on a headless Linux server that has
    27463427          no X Window system installed. See
    2747           <xref
    2748           linkend="vboxheadless" />.
     3428          <xref linkend="vboxheadless" />.
    27493429        </para>
    27503430      </listitem>
     
    27553435      If the above front-ends still do not satisfy your particular
    27563436      needs, it is possible to create yet another front-end to the
    2757       complex virtualization engine that is the core of VirtualBox, as
    2758       the VirtualBox core neatly exposes all of its features in a clean
    2759       API. See <xref linkend="VirtualBoxAPI" />.
     3437      complex virtualization engine that is the core of &product-name;,
     3438      as the &product-name; core neatly exposes all of its features in a
     3439      clean API. See <xref linkend="VirtualBoxAPI" />.
    27603440    </para>
    27613441
  • trunk/doc/manual/en_US/user_KnownIssues.xml

    r75474 r76078  
    1414
    1515    <para>
    16       Some VirtualBox features are labeled as experimental. Such
     16      Some &product-name; features are labeled as experimental. Such
    1717      features are provided on an "as-is" basis and are not formally
    1818      supported. However, feedback and suggestions about such features
     
    2626        <para>
    2727          Hardware 3D acceleration support for Windows, Linux, and
    28           Solaris guests
     28          Oracle Solaris guests
    2929        </para>
    3030      </listitem>
     
    6969      <listitem>
    7070        <para>
    71           Support of iSCSI via internal networking
     71          Support of iSCSI using internal networking
     72        </para>
     73      </listitem>
     74
     75      <listitem>
     76        <para>
     77          Using &product-name; and Hyper-V on the same host
    7278        </para>
    7379      </listitem>
     
    8389    <para>
    8490      The following section describes known problems with this release
    85       of VirtualBox. Unless marked otherwise, these issues are planned
    86       to be fixed in later releases.
     91      of &product-name;. Unless marked otherwise, these issues are
     92      planned to be fixed in later releases.
    8793    </para>
    8894
     
    101107              <emphasis role="bold">Poor performance</emphasis> with
    102108              32-bit guests on AMD CPUs. This affects mainly Windows and
    103               Solaris guests, but possibly also some Linux kernel
    104               revisions. Partially solved in 3.0.6 for 32 bits Windows
    105               NT, 2000, XP and 2003 guests. Requires 3.0.6 or higher
    106               Guest Additions to be installed.
     109              Oracle Solaris guests, but possibly also some Linux kernel
     110              revisions. Partially solved in 3.0.6 for 32-bit Windows
     111              NT, 2000, XP, and 2003 guests. Requires Guest Additions
     112              3.0.6 or later to be installed.
    107113            </para>
    108114          </listitem>
     
    113119              32-bit guests on certain Intel CPU models that do not
    114120              include virtual APIC hardware optimization support. This
    115               affects mainly Windows and Solaris guests, but possibly
    116               also some Linux kernel revisions. Partially solved in
    117               3.0.12 for 32 bits Windows NT, 2000, XP, and 2003 guests.
    118               Requires 3.0.12 or higher Guest Additions to be installed.
     121              affects mainly Windows and Oracle Solaris guests, but
     122              possibly also some Linux kernel revisions. Partially
     123              solved in 3.0.12 for 32-bit Windows NT, 2000, XP, and 2003
     124              guests. Requires Guest Additions 3.0.12 or later to be
     125              installed.
    119126            </para>
    120127          </listitem>
     
    136143          For <emphasis role="bold">basic Direct3D support in Windows
    137144          guests</emphasis> to work, the Guest Additions must be
    138           installed in Windows "safe mode". Press F8 when the Windows
    139           guest is booting and select "Safe mode", then install the
    140           Guest Additions. Otherwise the Windows file protection
    141           mechanism will interfere with the replacement DLLs installed
    142           by VirtualBox and keep restoring the original Windows system
    143           DLLs.
    144 
    145           <note>
    146             <para>
    147               This does <emphasis>not</emphasis> apply to the WDDM
    148               Direct3D video driver available for Vista and Windows 7
    149               guests shipped with VirtualBox 4.1.
    150             </para>
    151           </note>
    152         </para>
     145          installed in Windows safe mode. Press F8 when the Windows
     146          guest is booting and select <emphasis role="bold">Safe
     147          Mode</emphasis>, then install the Guest Additions. Otherwise
     148          the Windows file protection mechanism will interfere with the
     149          replacement DLLs installed by &product-name; and keep
     150          restoring the original Windows system DLLs.
     151        </para>
     152
     153        <note>
     154          <para>
     155            This does <emphasis>not</emphasis> apply to the WDDM
     156            Direct3D video driver available for Vista and Windows 7
     157            guests shipped with &product-name; 4.1.
     158          </para>
     159        </note>
    153160      </listitem>
    154161
     
    156163        <para>
    157164          <emphasis role="bold">Guest control.</emphasis> On Windows
    158           guests, a process lauched via the guest control execute
     165          guests, a process started using the guest control execute
    159166          support will not be able to display a graphical user interface
    160167          <emphasis>unless</emphasis> the user account under which it is
     
    166173          guest's group policy must be changed. To do so, open the group
    167174          policy editor on the command line by typing
    168           <computeroutput>gpedit.msc</computeroutput>, open the key
    169           <emphasis>Computer Configuration\Windows Settings\Security
    170           Settings\Local Policies\Security Options</emphasis> and change
    171           the value of <emphasis>Accounts: Limit local account use of
    172           blank passwords to console logon only</emphasis> to
    173           <emphasis>Disabled</emphasis>.
     175          <command>gpedit.msc</command>, open the key
     176          <computeroutput>Computer Configuration\Windows
     177          Settings\Security Settings\Local Policies\Security
     178          Options</computeroutput> and change the value of
     179          <computeroutput>Accounts: Limit local account use of blank
     180          passwords to console logon only</computeroutput> to Disabled.
    174181        </para>
    175182      </listitem>
     
    178185        <para>
    179186          <emphasis role="bold">Compacting virtual disk images is
    180           limited to VDI files.</emphasis> The <code>VBoxManage modifyhd
    181           --compact</code> command is currently only implemented for VDI
    182           files. At the moment the only way to optimize the size of a
    183           virtual disk images in other formats (VMDK, VHD) is to clone
    184           the image and then use the cloned image in the VM
    185           configuration.
     187          limited to VDI files.</emphasis> The <command>VBoxManage
     188          modifyhd --compact</command> command is currently only
     189          implemented for VDI files. At the moment the only way to
     190          optimize the size of a virtual disk images in other formats,
     191          such as VMDK or VHD, is to clone the image and then use the
     192          cloned image in the VM configuration.
    186193        </para>
    187194      </listitem>
     
    218225          <listitem>
    219226            <para>
    220               Remote files via HTTP or other mechanisms are not yet
     227              Remote files using HTTP or other mechanisms are not yet
    221228              supported.
    222229            </para>
     
    238245      <listitem>
    239246        <para>
    240           The RDP server in the VirtualBox extension pack supports only
    241           audio streams in format 22.05kHz stereo 16 bit. If the RDP
    242           client requests any other audio format there will be no audio.
     247          The RDP server in the &product-name; extension pack supports
     248          only audio streams in format 22.05kHz stereo 16 bit. If the
     249          RDP client requests any other audio format there will be no
     250          audio.
    243251        </para>
    244252      </listitem>
     
    298306          <listitem>
    299307            <para>
    300               VirtualBox does not provide Guest Additions for Mac OS X
    301               at this time.
     308              &product-name; does not provide Guest Additions for Mac OS
     309              X at this time.
    302310            </para>
    303311          </listitem>
     
    330338          <listitem>
    331339            <para>
    332               By default, the VirtualBox EFI enables debug output of the
    333               Mac OS X kernel to help you diagnose boot problems. Note
    334               that there is a lot of output and not all errors are
     340              By default, the &product-name; EFI enables debug output of
     341              the Mac OS X kernel to help you diagnose boot problems.
     342              Note that there is a lot of output and not all errors are
    335343              fatal. They would also show when using a physical Apple
    336344              Macintosh computer. You can turn off these messages by
    337               issuing this command:
     345              using the following command:
     346            </para>
    338347
    339348<screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" "VBoxInternal2/EfiBootArgs" "  "</screen>
    340349
    341               To revert to the previous behavior, use:
     350            <para>
     351              To revert to the previous behavior, use the following
     352              command:
     353            </para>
    342354
    343355<screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" "VBoxInternal2/EfiBootArgs" ""</screen>
    344             </para>
    345356          </listitem>
    346357
     
    358369      <listitem>
    359370        <para>
    360           <emphasis role="bold">Solaris hosts:</emphasis>
     371          <emphasis role="bold">Oracle Solaris hosts:</emphasis>
    361372        </para>
    362373
     
    365376          <listitem>
    366377            <para>
    367               There is no support for USB devices connected to Solaris
    368               10 hosts.
    369             </para>
    370           </listitem>
    371 
    372           <listitem>
    373             <para>
    374               USB support on Solaris hosts requires Solaris 11 version
    375               snv_124 or higher. Webcams and other isochronous devices
    376               are known to have poor performance.
     378              There is no support for USB devices connected to Oracle
     379              Solaris 10 hosts.
     380            </para>
     381          </listitem>
     382
     383          <listitem>
     384            <para>
     385              USB support on Oracle Solaris hosts requires Oracle
     386              Solaris 11 version snv_124 or later. Webcams and other
     387              isochronous devices are known to have poor performance.
    377388            </para>
    378389          </listitem>
     
    381392            <para>
    382393              Host Webcam passthrough is restricted to 640x480 frames at
    383               20 frames per second due to limitations in the Solaris
    384               V4L2 API. This may be addressed in a future Solaris
    385               release.
     394              20 frames per second due to limitations in the Oracle
     395              Solaris V4L2 API. This may be addressed in a future Oracle
     396              Solaris release.
    386397            </para>
    387398          </listitem>
     
    403414          <listitem>
    404415            <para>
    405               Crossbow-based bridged networking on Solaris 11 hosts does
    406               not work directly with aggregate links. However, you can
    407               use <computeroutput>dladm</computeroutput> to manually
    408               create a VNIC over the aggregate link and use that with a
    409               VM. This limitation does not exist in Solaris 11u1 build
    410               17 and newer.
     416              Crossbow-based bridged networking on Oracle Solaris 11
     417              hosts does not work directly with aggregate links.
     418              However, you can use
     419              <computeroutput>dladm</computeroutput> to manually create
     420              a VNIC over the aggregate link and use that with a VM.
     421              This limitation does not exist in Oracle Solaris 11u1
     422              build 17 and newer.
    411423            </para>
    412424          </listitem>
     
    418430        <para>
    419431          <emphasis role="bold">Guest Additions of version 4.1, 4.1.2
    420           and 4.1.4 for Windows.</emphasis> The VirtualBox WDDM Video
    421           driver may be installed and remain in the guest system when
    422           Guest additions uninstallation is performed. This is caused by
    423           a bug in Guest Additions uninstaller.
     432          and 4.1.4 for Windows.</emphasis> The &product-name; WDDM
     433          Video driver may be installed and remain in the guest system
     434          when Guest additions uninstallation is performed. This is
     435          caused by a bug in Guest Additions uninstaller.
    424436        </para>
    425437
     
    433445
    434446        <para>
    435           To solve this problem, uninstall the VirtualBox WDDM Video
     447          To solve this problem, uninstall the &product-name; WDDM Video
    436448          driver manually. Open Device Manager, and check whether the
    437           Display Adapter is named "VirtualBox Graphics Adapter ..". If
    438           not, there is nothing to be done. If it is, right-click the
    439           VirtualBox Graphics Adapter in Device Manager, select
     449          Display Adapter is named "&product-name; Graphics Adapter ..".
     450          If not, there is nothing to be done. If it is, right-click the
     451          &product-name; Graphics Adapter in Device Manager, select
    440452          <emphasis role="bold">Uninstall</emphasis>, check
    441453          <emphasis role="bold">Delete the Driver Software for this
    442454          Device</emphasis> and click
    443455          <emphasis role="bold">OK</emphasis>. Once uninstallation is
    444           done, start Device Manager, go to the Action menu and select
     456          done, start Device Manager, go to the
     457          <emphasis role="bold">Action</emphasis> menu and select
    445458          <emphasis role="bold">Scan for Hardware Change</emphasis>s to
    446459          ensure that the correct Windows default driver be picked up
  • trunk/doc/manual/en_US/user_Networking.xml

    r75206 r76078  
    1010
    1111  <para>
    12     As mentioned in <xref linkend="settings-network" />, VirtualBox
     12    As mentioned in <xref linkend="settings-network" />, &product-name;
    1313    provides up to eight virtual PCI Ethernet cards for each virtual
    1414    machine. For each such card, you can individually select the
     
    3434
    3535  <para>
    36     Four of the network cards can be configured in the Network section
    37     of the settings dialog in the graphical user interface of
    38     VirtualBox. You can configure all eight network cards on the command
    39     line using VBoxManage modifyvm. See
    40     <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" />.
     36    Four of the network cards can be configured in the
     37    <emphasis role="bold">Network</emphasis> section of the
     38    <emphasis role="bold">Settings</emphasis> dialog in the graphical
     39    user interface of &product-name;. You can configure all eight
     40    network cards on the command line using <command>VBoxManage
     41    modifyvm</command>. See <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" />.
    4142  </para>
    4243
     
    5354      For each card, you can individually select what kind of
    5455      <emphasis>hardware</emphasis> will be presented to the virtual
    55       machine. VirtualBox can virtualize the following types of
     56      machine. &product-name; can virtualize the following types of
    5657      networking hardware:
    5758    </para>
     
    115116    <para>
    116117      The Paravirtualized network adapter (virtio-net) is special. If
    117       you select this adapter, then VirtualBox does
     118      you select this adapter, then &product-name; does
    118119      <emphasis>not</emphasis> virtualize common networking hardware
    119120      that is supported by common guest operating systems. Instead,
    120       VirtualBox expects a special software interface for virtualized
    121       environments to be provided by the guest, thus avoiding the
    122       complexity of emulating networking hardware and improving network
    123       performance. Starting with version 3.1, VirtualBox provides
    124       support for the industry-standard <emphasis>virtio</emphasis>
    125       networking drivers, which are part of the open source KVM project.
     121      &product-name; expects a special software interface for
     122      virtualized environments to be provided by the guest, thus
     123      avoiding the complexity of emulating networking hardware and
     124      improving network performance. &product-name; provides support for
     125      the industry-standard <emphasis>virtio</emphasis> networking
     126      drivers, which are part of the open source KVM project.
    126127    </para>
    127128
     
    149150        <para>
    150151          <ulink
    151               url="http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/WindowsGuestDrivers"/>.
     152            url="http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/WindowsGuestDrivers">http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/WindowsGuestDrivers</ulink>.
    152153        </para>
    153154      </listitem>
     
    156157
    157158    <para>
    158       VirtualBox also has limited support for <emphasis>jumbo
     159      &product-name; also has limited support for <emphasis>jumbo
    159160      frames</emphasis>. These are networking packets with more than
    160161      1500 bytes of data, provided that you use the Intel card
     
    185186        <para>
    186187          <emphasis role="bold">Not attached.</emphasis> In this mode,
    187           VirtualBox reports to the guest that a network card is
     188          &product-name; reports to the guest that a network card is
    188189          present, but that there is no connection. This is as if no
    189190          Ethernet cable was plugged into the card. Using this mode, it
     
    209210      <listitem>
    210211        <para>
    211           <emphasis role="bold">NAT Network.</emphasis> The NAT network
    212           is a new NAT flavour introduced in VirtualBox 4.3. See
    213           <xref linkend="network_nat_service"/>.
     212          <emphasis role="bold">NAT Network.</emphasis> A NAT network is
     213          a type of internal network that allows outbound connections.
     214          See <xref linkend="network_nat_service"/>.
    214215        </para>
    215216      </listitem>
     
    220221          for more advanced networking needs, such as network
    221222          simulations and running servers in a guest. When enabled,
    222           VirtualBox connects to one of your installed network cards and
    223           exchanges network packets directly, circumventing your host
    224           operating system's network stack.
     223          &product-name; connects to one of your installed network cards
     224          and exchanges network packets directly, circumventing your
     225          host operating system's network stack.
    225226        </para>
    226227      </listitem>
     
    251252          used modes which share the same generic network interface, by
    252253          allowing the user to select a driver which can be included
    253           with VirtualBox or be distributed in an extension pack.
     254          with &product-name; or be distributed in an extension pack.
    254255        </para>
    255256
     
    275276              Distributed Ethernet switch on a Linux or a FreeBSD host.
    276277              At the moment this option requires compilation of
    277               VirtualBox from sources, as the Oracle packages do not
     278              &product-name; from sources, as the Oracle packages do not
    278279              include it.
    279280            </para>
     
    302303          <row>
    303304            <entry></entry>
    304             <entry><emphasis role="bold">VM&rarr;Host</emphasis></entry>
    305             <entry><emphasis role="bold">VM&larr;Host</emphasis></entry>
    306             <entry><emphasis role="bold">VM1&harr;VM2</emphasis></entry>
    307             <entry><emphasis role="bold">VM&rarr;Net/LAN</emphasis></entry>
    308             <entry><emphasis role="bold">VM&larr;Net/LAN</emphasis></entry>
     305            <entry><para>
     306                <emphasis role="bold">VM&rarr;Host</emphasis>
     307              </para></entry>
     308            <entry><para>
     309                <emphasis role="bold">VM&larr;Host</emphasis>
     310              </para></entry>
     311            <entry><para>
     312                <emphasis role="bold">VM1&harr;VM2</emphasis>
     313              </para></entry>
     314            <entry><para>
     315                <emphasis role="bold">VM&rarr;Net/LAN</emphasis>
     316              </para></entry>
     317            <entry><para>
     318                <emphasis role="bold">VM&larr;Net/LAN</emphasis>
     319              </para></entry>
    309320          </row>
    310321        </thead>
    311322        <tbody valign="middle">
    312323          <row>
    313             <entry>Host-only</entry>
    314             <entry><emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis></entry>
    315             <entry><emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis></entry>
    316             <entry align="center"><emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis></entry>
    317             <entry>&ndash;</entry>
    318             <entry>&ndash;</entry>
     324            <entry><para>
     325                Host-only
     326              </para></entry>
     327            <entry><para>
     328                <emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis>
     329              </para></entry>
     330            <entry><para>
     331                <emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis>
     332              </para></entry>
     333            <entry align="center"><para>
     334                <emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis>
     335              </para></entry>
     336            <entry><para>
     337                &ndash;
     338              </para></entry>
     339            <entry><para>
     340                &ndash;
     341              </para></entry>
    319342          </row>
    320343          <row>
    321             <entry>Internal</entry>
    322             <entry>&ndash;</entry>
    323             <entry>&ndash;</entry>
    324             <entry><emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis></entry>
    325             <entry>&ndash;</entry>
    326             <entry>&ndash;</entry>
     344            <entry><para>
     345                Internal
     346              </para></entry>
     347            <entry><para>
     348                &ndash;
     349              </para></entry>
     350            <entry><para>
     351                &ndash;
     352              </para></entry>
     353            <entry><para>
     354                <emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis>
     355              </para></entry>
     356            <entry><para>
     357                &ndash;
     358              </para></entry>
     359            <entry><para>
     360                &ndash;
     361              </para></entry>
    327362          </row>
    328363          <row>
    329             <entry>Bridged</entry>
    330             <entry><emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis></entry>
    331             <entry><emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis></entry>
    332             <entry><emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis></entry>
    333             <entry><emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis></entry>
    334             <entry><emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis></entry>
     364            <entry><para>
     365                Bridged
     366              </para></entry>
     367            <entry><para>
     368                <emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis>
     369              </para></entry>
     370            <entry><para>
     371                <emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis>
     372              </para></entry>
     373            <entry><para>
     374                <emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis>
     375              </para></entry>
     376            <entry><para>
     377                <emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis>
     378              </para></entry>
     379            <entry><para>
     380                <emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis>
     381              </para></entry>
    335382          </row>
    336383          <row>
    337             <entry>NAT</entry>
    338             <entry><emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis></entry>
    339             <entry><link linkend="natforward">Port forward</link></entry>
    340             <entry>&ndash;</entry>
    341             <entry><emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis></entry>
    342             <entry><link linkend="natforward">Port forward</link></entry>
     384            <entry><para>
     385                NAT
     386              </para></entry>
     387            <entry><para>
     388                <emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis>
     389              </para></entry>
     390            <entry><para>
     391                <link linkend="natforward">Port forward</link>
     392              </para></entry>
     393            <entry><para>
     394                &ndash;
     395              </para></entry>
     396            <entry><para>
     397                <emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis>
     398              </para></entry>
     399            <entry><para>
     400                <link linkend="natforward">Port forward</link>
     401              </para></entry>
    343402          </row>
    344403          <row>
    345             <entry>NATservice</entry>
    346             <entry><emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis></entry>
    347             <entry><link linkend="network_nat_service">Port forward</link></entry>
    348             <entry><emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis></entry>
    349             <entry><emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis></entry>
    350             <entry><link linkend="network_nat_service">Port forward</link></entry>
     404            <entry><para>
     405                NATservice
     406              </para></entry>
     407            <entry><para>
     408                <emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis>
     409              </para></entry>
     410            <entry><para>
     411                <link linkend="network_nat_service">Port forward</link>
     412              </para></entry>
     413            <entry><para>
     414                <emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis>
     415              </para></entry>
     416            <entry><para>
     417                <emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis>
     418              </para></entry>
     419            <entry><para>
     420                <link linkend="network_nat_service">Port forward</link>
     421              </para></entry>
    351422          </row>
    352423        </tbody>
     
    369440      an external network from a virtual machine. Usually, it does not
    370441      require any configuration on the host network and guest system.
    371       For this reason, it is the default networking mode in VirtualBox.
     442      For this reason, it is the default networking mode in
     443      &product-name;.
    372444    </para>
    373445
     
    375447      A virtual machine with NAT enabled acts much like a real computer
    376448      that connects to the Internet through a router. The router, in
    377       this case, is the VirtualBox networking engine, which maps traffic
    378       from and to the virtual machine transparently. In VirtualBox this
    379       router is placed between each virtual machine and the host. This
    380       separation maximizes security since by default virtual machines
    381       cannot talk to each other.
     449      this case, is the &product-name; networking engine, which maps
     450      traffic from and to the virtual machine transparently. In
     451      &product-name; this router is placed between each virtual machine
     452      and the host. This separation maximizes security since by default
     453      virtual machines cannot talk to each other.
    382454    </para>
    383455
     
    391463    <para>
    392464      The network frames sent out by the guest operating system are
    393       received by VirtualBox's NAT engine, which extracts the TCP/IP
     465      received by &product-name;'s NAT engine, which extracts the TCP/IP
    394466      data and resends it using the host operating system. To an
    395467      application on the host, or to another computer on the same
    396468      network as the host, it looks like the data was sent by the
    397       VirtualBox application on the host, using an IP address belonging
    398       to the host. VirtualBox listens for replies to the packages sent,
    399       and repacks and resends them to the guest machine on its private
    400       network.
     469      &product-name; application on the host, using an IP address
     470      belonging to the host. &product-name; listens for replies to the
     471      packages sent, and repacks and resends them to the guest machine
     472      on its private network.
    401473    </para>
    402474
     
    404476      The virtual machine receives its network address and configuration
    405477      on the private network from a DHCP server integrated into
    406       VirtualBox. The IP address thus assigned to the virtual machine is
    407       usually on a completely different network than the host. As more
    408       than one card of a virtual machine can be set up to use NAT, the
    409       first card is connected to the private network 10.0.2.0, the
    410       second card to the network 10.0.3.0 and so on. If you need to
    411       change the guest-assigned IP range, see
     478      &product-name;. The IP address thus assigned to the virtual
     479      machine is usually on a completely different network than the
     480      host. As more than one card of a virtual machine can be set up to
     481      use NAT, the first card is connected to the private network
     482      10.0.2.0, the second card to the network 10.0.3.0 and so on. If
     483      you need to change the guest-assigned IP range, see
    412484      <xref linkend="changenat" />.
    413485    </para>
     
    419491      <para>
    420492        As the virtual machine is connected to a private network
    421         internal to VirtualBox and invisible to the host, network
     493        internal to &product-name; and invisible to the host, network
    422494        services on the guest are not accessible to the host machine or
    423495        to other computers on the same network. However, like a physical
    424         router, VirtualBox can make selected services available to the
    425         world outside the guest through <emphasis>port
    426         forwarding</emphasis>. This means that VirtualBox listens to
     496        router, &product-name; can make selected services available to
     497        the world outside the guest through <emphasis>port
     498        forwarding</emphasis>. This means that &product-name; listens to
    427499        certain ports on the host and resends all packets which arrive
    428500        there to the guest, on the same or a different port.
     
    430502
    431503      <para>
    432         To an application on the host or other physical (or virtual)
     504        To an application on the host or other physical or virtual
    433505        machines on the network, it looks as though the service being
    434506        proxied is actually running on the host. This also means that
     
    442514
    443515      <para>
    444         To configure port forwarding you can use the graphical Port
    445         Forwarding editor which can be found in the Network Settings
    446         dialog for network adaptors configured to use NAT. Here, you can
    447         map host ports to guest ports to allow network traffic to be
    448         routed to a specific port in the guest.
     516        To configure port forwarding you can use the graphical
     517        <emphasis role="bold">Port Forwarding</emphasis> editor which
     518        can be found in the <emphasis role="bold">Network
     519        Settings</emphasis> dialog for network adaptors configured to
     520        use NAT. Here, you can map host ports to guest ports to allow
     521        network traffic to be routed to a specific port in the guest.
    449522      </para>
    450523
    451524      <para>
    452525        Alternatively, the command line tool
    453         <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput> can be used. See
     526        <command>VBoxManage</command> can be used. See
    454527        <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" />.
    455528      </para>
     
    463536        <computeroutput>ssh</computeroutput> server in the guest, use
    464537        the following command:
     538      </para>
    465539
    466540<screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --natpf1 "guestssh,tcp,,2222,,22"</screen>
    467541
    468         With the above example, all TCP traffic arriving on port 2222 on
     542      <para>
     543        In the above example, all TCP traffic arriving on port 2222 on
    469544        any host interface will be forwarded to port 22 in the guest.
    470545        The protocol name <computeroutput>tcp</computeroutput> is a
     
    473548        used. The name <computeroutput>guestssh</computeroutput> is
    474549        purely descriptive and will be auto-generated if omitted. The
    475         number after <computeroutput>--natpf</computeroutput> denotes
    476         the network card, as with other VBoxManage command.
     550        number after <option>--natpf</option> denotes the network card,
     551        as with other <command>VBoxManage</command> commands.
    477552      </para>
    478553
    479554      <para>
    480555        To remove this forwarding rule, use the following command:
     556      </para>
    481557
    482558<screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --natpf1 delete "guestssh"</screen>
    483       </para>
    484559
    485560      <para>
    486561        If for some reason the guest uses a static assigned IP address
    487562        not leased from the built-in DHCP server, it is required to
    488         specify the guest IP when registering the forwarding rule:
     563        specify the guest IP when registering the forwarding rule, as
     564        follows:
     565      </para>
    489566
    490567<screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --natpf1 "guestssh,tcp,,2222,10.0.2.19,22"</screen>
    491568
     569      <para>
    492570        This example is identical to the previous one, except that the
    493571        NAT engine is being told that the guest can be found at the
     
    498576        To forward <emphasis>all</emphasis> incoming traffic from a
    499577        specific host interface to the guest, specify the IP of that
    500         host interface like this:
     578        host interface as follows:
     579      </para>
    501580
    502581<screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --natpf1 "guestssh,tcp,127.0.0.1,2222,,22"</screen>
    503582
    504         This forwards all TCP traffic arriving on the localhost
    505         interface (127.0.0.1) via port 2222 to port 22 in the guest.
     583      <para>
     584        This example forwards all TCP traffic arriving on the localhost
     585        interface at 127.0.0.1 through port 2222 to port 22 in the
     586        guest.
    506587      </para>
    507588
     
    546627            <computeroutput>ping</computeroutput> or tracerouting, rely
    547628            on the ICMP protocol for sending and receiving messages.
    548             While ICMP support has been improved with VirtualBox 2.1,
    549             meaning <computeroutput>ping</computeroutput> should now
    550             work, some other tools may not work reliably.
     629            While ICMP support has been improved with &product-name;
     630            2.1, meaning <computeroutput>ping</computeroutput> should
     631            now work, some other tools may not work reliably.
    551632          </para>
    552633        </listitem>
     
    579660          <para>
    580661            <emphasis role="bold">Forwarding host ports below
    581             1024.</emphasis> On Unix-based hosts, such as Linux,
     662            1024.</emphasis> On UNIX-based hosts, such as Linux, Oracle
    582663            Solaris, and Mac OS X, it is not possible to bind to ports
    583664            below 1024 from applications that are not run by
     
    621702      network. The name of internal network is chosen when the NAT
    622703      service is created and the internal network will be created if it
    623       does not already exist. An example command to create a NAT network
    624       is:
    625     </para>
    626 
    627     <para>
     704      does not already exist. The following is an example command to
     705      create a NAT network:
     706    </para>
     707
    628708<screen>VBoxManage natnetwork add --netname natnet1 --network "192.168.15.0/24" --enable</screen>
    629     </para>
    630709
    631710    <para>
     
    635714      will be assigned the address 192.168.15.1, the address following
    636715      the interface address, though this is subject to change. To attach
    637       a DHCP server to the internal network, we modify the example as
    638       follows:
    639     </para>
    640 
    641     <para>
     716      a DHCP server to the internal network, modify the example command
     717      as follows:
     718    </para>
     719
    642720<screen>VBoxManage natnetwork add --netname natnet1 --network "192.168.15.0/24" --enable --dhcp on</screen>
    643     </para>
    644 
    645     <para>
    646       To add a DHCP server to an existing network:
    647     </para>
    648 
    649     <para>
     721
     722    <para>
     723      To add a DHCP server to an existing network, use the following
     724      command:
     725    </para>
     726
    650727<screen>VBoxManage natnetwork modify --netname natnet1 --dhcp on</screen>
    651     </para>
    652 
    653     <para>
    654       To disable the DHCP server:
    655     </para>
    656 
    657     <para>
     728
     729    <para>
     730      To disable the DHCP server, use the following command:
     731    </para>
     732
    658733<screen>VBoxManage natnetwork modify --netname natnet1 --dhcp off</screen>
    659     </para>
    660734
    661735    <para>
     
    668742    </para>
    669743
    670     <para>
    671744<screen>VBoxManage natnetwork start --netname natnet1</screen>
    672     </para>
    673745
    674746    <para>
     
    678750
    679751    <para>
    680       To stops the NAT network service, together with any DHCP server:
    681     </para>
    682 
    683     <para>
     752      To stop the NAT network service, together with any DHCP server:
     753    </para>
     754
    684755<screen>VBoxManage natnetwork stop --netname natnet1</screen>
    685     </para>
    686756
    687757    <para>
     
    689759    </para>
    690760
    691     <para>
    692761<screen>VBoxManage natnetwork remove --netname natnet1</screen>
    693     </para>
    694762
    695763    <para>
     
    705773    </para>
    706774
    707     <para>
    708775<screen>VBoxManage natnetwork modify \
    709776  --netname natnet1 --port-forward-4 "ssh:tcp:[]:1022:[192.168.15.5]:22"</screen>
    710     </para>
    711777
    712778    <para>
    713779      This adds a port-forwarding rule from the host's TCP 1022 port to
    714780      the port 22 on the guest with IP address 192.168.15.5. Host port,
    715       guest port and guest IP are mandatory. To delete the rule, use:
    716     </para>
    717 
    718     <para>
     781      guest port and guest IP are mandatory. To delete the rule, use the
     782      following command:
     783    </para>
     784
    719785<screen>VBoxManage natnetwork modify --netname natnet1 --port-forward-4 delete ssh</screen>
    720     </para>
    721786
    722787    <para>
     
    728793
    729794    <para>
    730       To see the list of registered NAT networks, use:
    731     </para>
    732 
    733     <para>
     795      To see the list of registered NAT networks, use the following
     796      command:
     797    </para>
     798
    734799<screen>VBoxManage list natnetworks</screen>
    735     </para>
    736800
    737801  </sect1>
     
    742806
    743807    <para>
    744       With bridged networking, VirtualBox uses a device driver on your
    745       <emphasis>host</emphasis> system that filters data from your
     808      With bridged networking, &product-name; uses a device driver on
     809      your <emphasis>host</emphasis> system that filters data from your
    746810      physical network adapter. This driver is therefore called a
    747       <emphasis>net filter</emphasis> driver. This allows VirtualBox to
    748       intercept data from the physical network and inject data into it,
    749       effectively creating a new network interface in software. When a
    750       guest is using such a new software interface, it looks to the host
    751       system as though the guest were physically connected to the
    752       interface using a network cable. The host can send data to the
    753       guest through that interface and receive data from it. This means
    754       that you can set up routing or bridging between the guest and the
    755       rest of your network.
    756     </para>
    757 
    758     <para>
    759       For this to work, VirtualBox needs a device driver on your host
    760       system. The way bridged networking works has been completely
    761       rewritten with VirtualBox 2.0 and 2.1, depending on the host
    762       operating system. From the user perspective, the main difference
    763       is that complex configuration is no longer necessary on any of the
    764       supported host operating systems.
    765 
    766       <footnote>
    767 
    768         <para>
    769           For Mac OS X and Solaris hosts, net filter drivers were
    770           already added in VirtualBox 2.0, as initial support for Host
    771           Interface Networking on these platforms. With VirtualBox 2.1,
    772           net filter drivers were also added for the Windows and Linux
    773           hosts, replacing the mechanisms previously present in
    774           VirtualBox for those platforms; especially on Linux, the
    775           earlier method required creating TAP interfaces and bridges,
    776           which was complex and varied from one distribution to the
    777           next. None of this is necessary anymore. Bridged network was
    778           formerly called Host Interface Networking and has been renamed
    779           with version 2.2 without any change in functionality.
    780         </para>
    781 
    782       </footnote>
     811      <emphasis>net filter</emphasis> driver. This enables
     812      &product-name; to intercept data from the physical network and
     813      inject data into it, effectively creating a new network interface
     814      in software. When a guest is using such a new software interface,
     815      it looks to the host system as though the guest were physically
     816      connected to the interface using a network cable. The host can
     817      send data to the guest through that interface and receive data
     818      from it. This means that you can set up routing or bridging
     819      between the guest and the rest of your network.
    783820    </para>
    784821
    785822    <note>
    786823      <para>
    787         Even though TAP is no longer necessary on Linux with bridged
    788         networking, you <emphasis>can</emphasis> still use TAP
     824        Even though TAP interfaces are no longer necessary on Linux for
     825        bridged networking, you <emphasis>can</emphasis> still use TAP
    789826        interfaces for certain advanced setups, since you can connect a
    790827        VM to any host interface.
     
    793830
    794831    <para>
    795       To enable bridged networking, open the Settings dialog of a
    796       virtual machine, go to the Network page and select
    797       <emphasis role="bold">Bridged Network</emphasis> in the drop-down
    798       list for the Attached To field. Select a host interface from the
    799       list at the bottom of the page, which contains the physical
    800       network interfaces of your systems. On a typical MacBook, for
    801       example, this will allow you to select between en1: AirPort, which
    802       is the wireless interface, and en0: Ethernet, which represents the
    803       interface with a network cable.
     832      To enable bridged networking, open the
     833      <emphasis role="bold">Settings</emphasis> dialog of a virtual
     834      machine, go to the <emphasis role="bold">Network</emphasis> page
     835      and select <emphasis role="bold">Bridged Network</emphasis> in the
     836      drop-down list for the <emphasis role="bold">Attached
     837      To</emphasis> field. Select a host interface from the list at the
     838      bottom of the page, which contains the physical network interfaces
     839      of your systems. On a typical MacBook, for example, this will
     840      allow you to select between en1: AirPort, which is the wireless
     841      interface, and en0: Ethernet, which represents the interface with
     842      a network cable.
    804843    </para>
    805844
     
    809848        bridging to a wired interface, because most wireless adapters do
    810849        not support promiscuous mode. All traffic has to use the MAC
    811         address of the host's wireless adapter, and therefore VirtualBox
    812         needs to replace the source MAC address in the Ethernet header
    813         of an outgoing packet to make sure the reply will be sent to the
    814         host interface. When VirtualBox sees an incoming packet with a
    815         destination IP address that belongs to one of the virtual
    816         machine adapters it replaces the destination MAC address in the
    817         Ethernet header with the VM adapter's MAC address and passes it
    818         on. VirtualBox examines ARP and DHCP packets in order to learn
    819         the IP addresses of virtual machines.
     850        address of the host's wireless adapter, and therefore
     851        &product-name; needs to replace the source MAC address in the
     852        Ethernet header of an outgoing packet to make sure the reply
     853        will be sent to the host interface. When &product-name; sees an
     854        incoming packet with a destination IP address that belongs to
     855        one of the virtual machine adapters it replaces the destination
     856        MAC address in the Ethernet header with the VM adapter's MAC
     857        address and passes it on. &product-name; examines ARP and DHCP
     858        packets in order to learn the IP addresses of virtual machines.
    820859      </para>
    821860    </note>
     
    832871          <emphasis role="bold">Mac OS X hosts.</emphasis> Functionality
    833872          is limited when using AirPort, the Mac's wireless networking
    834           system, for bridged networking. Currently, VirtualBox supports
    835           only IPv4 and IPv6 over AirPort. For other protocols, such as
    836           IPX, you must choose a wired interface.
     873          system, for bridged networking. Currently, &product-name;
     874          supports only IPv4 and IPv6 over AirPort. For other protocols,
     875          such as IPX, you must choose a wired interface.
    837876        </para>
    838877      </listitem>
     
    842881          <emphasis role="bold">Linux hosts.</emphasis> Functionality is
    843882          limited when using wireless interfaces for bridged networking.
    844           Currently, VirtualBox supports only IPv4 and IPv6 over
     883          Currently, &product-name; supports only IPv4 and IPv6 over
    845884          wireless. For other protocols, such as IPX, you must choose a
    846885          wired interface.
     
    856895        <para>
    857896          Some adapters strip VLAN tags in hardware. This does not allow
    858           to use VLAN trunking between VM and the external network with
    859           pre-2.6.27 Linux kernels nor with host operating systems other
    860           than Linux.
    861         </para>
    862       </listitem>
    863 
    864       <listitem>
    865         <para>
    866           <emphasis role="bold">Solaris hosts.</emphasis> There is no
    867           support for using wireless interfaces. Filtering guest traffic
    868           using IPFilter is also not completely supported due to
    869           technical restrictions of the Solaris networking subsystem.
    870           These issues would be addressed in a future release of Solaris
    871           11.
    872         </para>
    873 
    874         <para>
    875           Starting with VirtualBox 4.1, on Solaris 11 hosts build 159
    876           and above, it is possible to use Solaris Crossbow Virtual
    877           Network Interfaces (VNICs) directly with VirtualBox without
    878           any additional configuration other than each VNIC must be
    879           exclusive for every guest network interface.
    880         </para>
    881 
    882         <para>
    883           Starting with VirtualBox 2.0.4 and up to VirtualBox 4.0, VNICs
    884           can be used, but with the following caveats:
    885         </para>
    886 
    887         <itemizedlist>
    888 
    889           <listitem>
    890             <para>
    891               A VNIC cannot be shared between multiple guest network
    892               interfaces. For example, each guest network interface must
    893               have its own, exclusive VNIC.
    894             </para>
    895           </listitem>
    896 
    897           <listitem>
    898             <para>
    899               The VNIC and the guest network interface that uses the
    900               VNIC must be assigned identical MAC addresses.
    901             </para>
    902           </listitem>
    903 
    904         </itemizedlist>
    905 
    906         <para>
    907           When using VLAN interfaces with VirtualBox, they must be named
    908           according to the PPA-hack naming scheme, such as e1000g513001.
    909           Otherwise, the guest may receive packets in an unexpected
    910           format.
     897          you to use VLAN trunking between VM and the external network
     898          with pre-2.6.27 Linux kernels, or with host operating systems
     899          other than Linux.
     900        </para>
     901      </listitem>
     902
     903      <listitem>
     904        <para>
     905          <emphasis role="bold">Oracle Solaris hosts.</emphasis> There
     906          is no support for using wireless interfaces. Filtering guest
     907          traffic using IPFilter is also not completely supported due to
     908          technical restrictions of the Oracle Solaris networking
     909          subsystem. These issues may be addressed in later releases of
     910          Oracle Solaris 11.
     911        </para>
     912
     913        <para>
     914          On Oracle Solaris 11 hosts build 159 and above, it is possible
     915          to use Oracle Solaris Crossbow Virtual Network Interfaces
     916          (VNICs) directly with &product-name; without any additional
     917          configuration other than each VNIC must be exclusive for every
     918          guest network interface.
     919        </para>
     920
     921        <para>
     922          When using VLAN interfaces with &product-name;, they must be
     923          named according to the PPA-hack naming scheme, such as
     924          e1000g513001. Otherwise, the guest may receive packets in an
     925          unexpected format.
    911926        </para>
    912927      </listitem>
     
    944959      central configuration. Every internal network is identified simply
    945960      by its name. Once there is more than one active virtual network
    946       card with the same internal network ID, the VirtualBox support
     961      card with the same internal network ID, the &product-name; support
    947962      driver will automatically <emphasis>wire</emphasis> the cards and
    948       act as a network switch. The VirtualBox support driver implements
    949       a complete Ethernet switch and supports both broadcast/multicast
    950       frames and promiscuous mode.
     963      act as a network switch. The &product-name; support driver
     964      implements a complete Ethernet switch and supports both
     965      broadcast/multicast frames and promiscuous mode.
    951966    </para>
    952967
     
    961976      <listitem>
    962977        <para>
    963           Use the VM's Settings dialog in the VirtualBox graphical user
    964           interface. In the Networking category of the settings dialog,
    965           select <emphasis role="bold">Internal Networking</emphasis>
    966           from the drop-down list of networking modes. Select the name
    967           of an existing internal network from the drop-down list below,
    968           or enter a new name into the entry field.
     978          Use the VM's <emphasis role="bold">Settings</emphasis> dialog
     979          in the &product-name; graphical user interface. In the
     980          <emphasis role="bold">Networking</emphasis> category of the
     981          settings dialog, select <emphasis role="bold">Internal
     982          Networking</emphasis> from the drop-down list of networking
     983          modes. Select the name of an existing internal network from
     984          the drop-down list below, or enter a new name into the
     985          <emphasis role="bold">Name</emphasis> field.
    969986        </para>
    970987      </listitem>
     
    9961013      operating systems that are participating in the internal network
    9971014      to use static IP addresses, you may want to use the DHCP server
    998       that is built into VirtualBox to manage IP addresses for the
     1015      that is built into &product-name; to manage IP addresses for the
    9991016      internal network. See <xref linkend="vboxmanage-dhcpserver" />.
    10001017    </para>
     
    10161033    <para>
    10171034      Host-only networking is another networking mode that was added
    1018       with version 2.2 of VirtualBox. It can be thought of as a hybrid
    1019       between the bridged and internal networking modes. As with bridged
    1020       networking, the virtual machines can talk to each other and the
    1021       host as if they were connected through a physical Ethernet switch.
    1022       As with internal networking, a physical networking interface need
    1023       not be present, and the virtual machines cannot talk to the world
    1024       outside the host since they are not connected to a physical
    1025       networking interface.
    1026     </para>
    1027 
    1028     <para>
    1029       When host-only networking is used, VirtualBox creates a new
     1035      with version 2.2 of &product-name;. It can be thought of as a
     1036      hybrid between the bridged and internal networking modes. As with
     1037      bridged networking, the virtual machines can talk to each other
     1038      and the host as if they were connected through a physical Ethernet
     1039      switch. As with internal networking, a physical networking
     1040      interface need not be present, and the virtual machines cannot
     1041      talk to the world outside the host since they are not connected to
     1042      a physical networking interface.
     1043    </para>
     1044
     1045    <para>
     1046      When host-only networking is used, &product-name; creates a new
    10301047      software interface on the host which then appears next to your
    10311048      existing network interfaces. In other words, whereas with bridged
     
    10441061      machine may contain a web server and a second one a database, and
    10451062      since they are intended to talk to each other, the appliance can
    1046       instruct VirtualBox to set up a host-only network for the two. A
    1047       second, bridged, network would then connect the web server to the
    1048       outside world to serve data to, but the outside world cannot
     1063      instruct &product-name; to set up a host-only network for the two.
     1064      A second, bridged, network would then connect the web server to
     1065      the outside world to serve data to, but the outside world cannot
    10491066      connect to the database.
    10501067    </para>
     
    10591076      <listitem>
    10601077        <para>
    1061           Go to the Network page in the virtual machine's Settings
     1078          Go to the <emphasis role="bold">Network</emphasis> page in the
     1079          virtual machine's <emphasis role="bold">Settings</emphasis>
    10621080          dialog and select <emphasis role="bold">Host-Only
    10631081          Networking</emphasis>.
     
    10671085      <listitem>
    10681086        <para>
    1069           On the command line, type <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm
     1087          On the command line, enter <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm
    10701088          "VM name" --nic&lt;x&gt; hostonly</computeroutput>. See
    10711089          <xref
     
    10981116    <para>
    10991117      For host-only networking, as with internal networking, you may
    1100       find the DHCP server useful that is built into VirtualBox. This
    1101       can be enabled to then manage the IP addresses in the host-only
    1102       network since otherwise you would need to configure all IP
    1103       addresses statically.
     1118      find the DHCP server useful that is built into &product-name;.
     1119      This can be enabled to then manage the IP addresses in the
     1120      host-only network since otherwise you would need to configure all
     1121      IP addresses statically.
    11041122    </para>
    11051123
     
    11081126      <listitem>
    11091127        <para>
    1110           In the VirtualBox graphical user interface, you can configure
    1111           all these items in the global settings by choosing
     1128          In the &product-name; graphical user interface, you can
     1129          configure all these items in the global settings by choosing
    11121130          <emphasis role="bold">File</emphasis>,
    11131131          <emphasis role="bold">Preferences</emphasis>,
     
    11221140      <listitem>
    11231141        <para>
    1124           Alternatively, you can use <computeroutput>VBoxManage
    1125           dhcpserver</computeroutput> on the command line. See
     1142          Alternatively, you can use <command>VBoxManage
     1143          dhcpserver</command> on the command line. See
    11261144          <xref
    11271145          linkend="vboxmanage-dhcpserver" />.
     
    11341152      <para>
    11351153        On Linux and Mac OS X hosts the number of host-only interfaces
    1136         is limited to 128. There is no such limit for Solaris and
     1154        is limited to 128. There is no such limit for Oracle Solaris and
    11371155        Windows hosts.
    11381156      </para>
     
    11461164
    11471165    <para>
    1148       This networking mode allows you to interconnect virtual machines
     1166      This networking mode enables you to interconnect virtual machines
    11491167      running on different hosts.
    11501168    </para>
     
    12211239    <note>
    12221240      <para>
    1223         On Unix-based hosts, such as Linux, Solaris, and Mac OS X, it is
    1224         not possible to bind to ports below 1024 from applications that
    1225         are not run by <computeroutput>root</computeroutput>. As a
    1226         result, if you try to configure such a source UDP port, the VM
    1227         will refuse to start.
     1241        On UNIX-based hosts, such as Linux, Oracle Solaris, and Mac OS
     1242        X, it is not possible to bind to ports below 1024 from
     1243        applications that are not run by
     1244        <computeroutput>root</computeroutput>. As a result, if you try
     1245        to configure such a source UDP port, the VM will refuse to
     1246        start.
    12281247      </para>
    12291248    </note>
     
    12361255
    12371256    <para>
    1238       Virtual Distributed Ethernet (VDE)
    1239 
    1240       <footnote>
    1241 
    1242         <para>
    1243           VDE is a project developed by Renzo Davoli, Associate
    1244           Professor at the University of Bologna, Italy.
    1245         </para>
    1246 
    1247       </footnote>
    1248 
    1249       is a flexible, virtual network infrastructure system, spanning
    1250       across multiple hosts in a secure way. It allows for L2/L3
    1251       switching, including spanning-tree protocol, VLANs, and WAN
    1252       emulation. It is an optional part of VirtualBox which is only
    1253       included in the source code.
     1257      Virtual Distributed Ethernet (VDE) is a flexible, virtual network
     1258      infrastructure system, spanning across multiple hosts in a secure
     1259      way. It enables L2/L3 switching, including spanning-tree protocol,
     1260      VLANs, and WAN emulation. It is an optional part of &product-name;
     1261      which is only included in the source code.
     1262    </para>
     1263
     1264    <para>
     1265      VDE is a project developed by Renzo Davoli, Associate Professor at
     1266      the University of Bologna, Italy.
    12541267    </para>
    12551268
    12561269    <para>
    12571270      The basic building blocks of the infrastructure are VDE switches,
    1258       VDE plugs and VDE wires which inter-connect the switches.
    1259     </para>
    1260 
    1261     <para>
    1262       The VirtualBox VDE driver has a single parameter: VDE network.
     1271      VDE plugs, and VDE wires which interconnect the switches.
     1272    </para>
     1273
     1274    <para>
     1275      The &product-name; VDE driver has a single parameter: VDE network.
    12631276      This is the name of the VDE network switch socket to which the VM
    12641277      will be connected.
     
    13261339      VDE is available on Linux and FreeBSD hosts only. It is only
    13271340      available if the VDE software and the VDE plugin library from the
    1328       VirtualSquare project are installed on the host system
    1329 
    1330       <footnote>
    1331 
    1332         <para>
    1333           For Linux hosts, the shared library libvdeplug.so must be
    1334           available in the search path for shared libraries
    1335         </para>
    1336 
    1337       </footnote>
    1338 
    1339       . For more information on setting up VDE networks, please see the
    1340       documentation accompanying the software.
    1341 
    1342       <footnote>
    1343 
    1344         <para>
    1345           <ulink
     1341      VirtualSquare project are installed on the host system.
     1342    </para>
     1343
     1344    <note>
     1345      <para>
     1346        For Linux hosts, the shared library libvdeplug.so must be
     1347        available in the search path for shared libraries.
     1348      </para>
     1349    </note>
     1350
     1351    <para>
     1352      For more information on setting up VDE networks, please see the
     1353      documentation accompanying the software. See also
     1354      <ulink
    13461355        url="http://wiki.virtualsquare.org/wiki/index.php/VDE_Basic_Networking">http://wiki.virtualsquare.org/wiki/index.php/VDE_Basic_Networking</ulink>.
    1347         </para>
    1348 
    1349       </footnote>
    13501356    </para>
    13511357
     
    13541360  <sect1 id="network_bandwidth_limit">
    13551361
    1356     <title>Limiting Bandwidth for Network I/O</title>
    1357 
    1358     <para>
    1359       Starting with version 4.2, VirtualBox allows for limiting the
    1360       maximum bandwidth used for network transmission. Several network
    1361       adapters of one VM may share limits through bandwidth groups. It
    1362       is possible to have more than one such limit.
     1362    <title>Limiting Bandwidth for Network Input/Output</title>
     1363
     1364    <para>
     1365      &product-name; supports limiting of the maximum bandwidth used for
     1366      network transmission. Several network adapters of one VM may share
     1367      limits through bandwidth groups. It is possible to have more than
     1368      one such limit.
    13631369    </para>
    13641370
    13651371    <note>
    13661372      <para>
    1367         VirtualBox shapes VM traffic only in the transmit direction,
     1373        &product-name; shapes VM traffic only in the transmit direction,
    13681374        delaying the packets being sent by virtual machines. It does not
    13691375        limit the traffic being received by virtual machines.
     
    13721378
    13731379    <para>
    1374       Limits are configured through
    1375       <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput>. The example below
    1376       creates a bandwidth group named Limit, sets the limit to 20 Mbps
    1377       and assigns the group to the first and second adapters of the VM:
     1380      Limits are configured through <command>VBoxManage</command>. The
     1381      following example creates a bandwidth group named Limit, sets the
     1382      limit to 20 Mbps and assigns the group to the first and second
     1383      adapters of the VM:
     1384    </para>
    13781385
    13791386<screen>VBoxManage bandwidthctl "VM name" add Limit --type network --limit 20m
    13801387VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --nicbandwidthgroup1 Limit
    13811388VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --nicbandwidthgroup2 Limit</screen>
    1382     </para>
    13831389
    13841390    <para>
     
    13911397    <para>
    13921398      The limits for each group can be changed while the VM is running,
    1393       with changes being picked up immediately. The example below
    1394       changes the limit for the group created in the example above to
     1399      with changes being picked up immediately. The following example
     1400      changes the limit for the group created in the previous example to
    13951401      100 Kbps:
     1402    </para>
    13961403
    13971404<screen>VBoxManage bandwidthctl "VM name" set Limit --limit 100k</screen>
    1398     </para>
    13991405
    14001406    <para>
    14011407      To completely disable shaping for the first adapter of VM use the
    14021408      following command:
     1409    </para>
    14031410
    14041411<screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --nicbandwidthgroup1 none</screen>
    1405     </para>
    14061412
    14071413    <para>
     
    14091415      to a bandwidth group while VM is running, by specifying the zero
    14101416      limit for the group. For example, for the bandwidth group named
    1411       Limit use:
     1417      Limit:
     1418    </para>
    14121419
    14131420<screen>VBoxManage bandwidthctl "VM name" set Limit --limit 0</screen>
    1414     </para>
    14151421
    14161422  </sect1>
     
    14211427
    14221428    <para>
    1423       VirtualBox provides a variety of virtual network adapters that can
    1424       be attached to the host's network in a number of ways. Depending
    1425       on which types of adapters and attachments are used the network
    1426       performance will be different. Performance-wise the virtio network
    1427       adapter is preferable over Intel PRO/1000 emulated adapters, which
    1428       are preferred over the PCNet family of adapters. Both virtio and
    1429       Intel PRO/1000 adapters enjoy the benefit of segmentation and
    1430       checksum offloading. Segmentation offloading is essential for high
    1431       performance as it allows for less context switches, dramatically
    1432       increasing the sizes of packets that cross the VM/host boundary.
     1429      &product-name; provides a variety of virtual network adapters that
     1430      can be attached to the host's network in a number of ways.
     1431      Depending on which types of adapters and attachments are used the
     1432      network performance will be different. Performance-wise the virtio
     1433      network adapter is preferable over Intel PRO/1000 emulated
     1434      adapters, which are preferred over the PCNet family of adapters.
     1435      Both virtio and Intel PRO/1000 adapters enjoy the benefit of
     1436      segmentation and checksum offloading. Segmentation offloading is
     1437      essential for high performance as it allows for less context
     1438      switches, dramatically increasing the sizes of packets that cross
     1439      the VM/host boundary.
    14331440    </para>
    14341441
     
    14831490          Usually it will be enabled by default. You can check and
    14841491          modify offloading settings using the
    1485           <computeroutput>ethtool</computeroutput> command on Linux
    1486           guests.
     1492          <command>ethtool</command> command on Linux guests.
    14871493        </para>
    14881494      </listitem>
     
    15001506        <para>
    15011507          To setup a promiscuous mode policy, either select from the
    1502           drop down list located in the Network Settings dialog for the
    1503           network adaptor or use the command line tool
    1504           <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput>. See
     1508          drop down list located in the <emphasis role="bold">Network
     1509          Settings</emphasis> dialog for the network adaptor or use the
     1510          command line tool <command>VBoxManage</command>. See
    15051511          <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" />.
    15061512        </para>
  • trunk/doc/manual/en_US/user_PrivacyPolicy.xml

    r73276 r76078  
    55%all.entities;
    66]>
     7<appendix id="privacy">
    78
    8 <appendix id="privacy">
    9   <title>VirtualBox Privacy Information</title>
     9  <title>&product-name; Privacy Information</title>
    1010
    11   <para>Version 5, Dec 13, 2012</para>
     11  <para>
     12    Version 5, Dec 13, 2012
     13  </para>
    1214
    13   <para>The Oracle Privacy Policies posted on
    14   <ulink url="http://www.oracle.com/html/privacy.html">http://www.oracle.com/html/privacy.html</ulink>
    15   apply to your personal data collected and used by Oracle. The following
    16   privacy information describes in more detail which information is exchanged
    17   between the VirtualBox application and Oracle, and which information is
    18   collected by the virtualbox.org website.</para>
     15  <para>
     16    The Oracle Privacy Policies posted on
     17    <ulink url="http://www.oracle.com/html/privacy.html">http://www.oracle.com/html/privacy.html</ulink>
     18    apply to your personal data collected and used by Oracle. The
     19    following privacy information describes in more detail which
     20    information is exchanged between the &product-name; application and
     21    Oracle, and which information is collected by the virtualbox.org
     22    website.
     23  </para>
    1924
    20   <para><emphasis role="bold">§ 1 virtualbox.org.</emphasis> The
    21   "virtualbox.org" website logs anonymous usage information such as your IP
    22   address, geographical location, browser type, referral source, length of
    23   visit and number of page views while you visit (collectively, "anonymous
    24   data"). In addition, but only if you choose to register, the website's bug
    25   tracking and forum services store the data you choose to reveal upon
    26   registration, such as your user name and contact information.</para>
     25  <para>
     26    <emphasis role="bold">§ 1 virtualbox.org.</emphasis> The
     27    "virtualbox.org" website logs anonymous usage information such as
     28    your IP address, geographical location, browser type, referral
     29    source, length of visit and number of page views while you visit
     30    (collectively, "anonymous data"). In addition, but only if you
     31    choose to register, the website's bug tracking and forum services
     32    store the data you choose to reveal upon registration, such as your
     33    user name and contact information.
     34  </para>
    2735
    28   <para><emphasis role="bold">§ 2 Cookies.</emphasis> The virtualbox.org
    29   website, the bug tracker and the forum services use cookies to identify and
    30   track the visiting web browser and, if you have registered, to facilitate
    31   login. Most browsers allow you to refuse to accept cookies. While you can
    32   still visit the website with cookies disabled, logging into the bug tracker
    33   and forum services will most likely not work without them.</para>
     36  <para>
     37    <emphasis role="bold">§ 2 Cookies.</emphasis> The virtualbox.org
     38    website, the bug tracker and the forum services use cookies to
     39    identify and track the visiting web browser and, if you have
     40    registered, to facilitate login. Most browsers allow you to refuse
     41    to accept cookies. While you can still visit the website with
     42    cookies disabled, logging into the bug tracker and forum services
     43    will most likely not work without them.
     44  </para>
    3445
    35   <para><emphasis role="bold">§ 3 VirtualBox registration process.</emphasis>
    36   The VirtualBox application may ask that the user optionally register with
    37   Oracle. If you choose to register, your name, e-mail address, country and
    38   company will be submitted to Oracle and stored together with the IP address
    39   of the submitter as well as product version and platform being used.</para>
     46  <para>
     47    <emphasis role="bold">§ 3 &product-name; registration
     48    process.</emphasis> The &product-name; application may ask that the
     49    user optionally register with Oracle. If you choose to register,
     50    your name, e-mail address, country and company will be submitted to
     51    Oracle and stored together with the IP address of the submitter as
     52    well as product version and platform being used.
     53  </para>
    4054
    41   <para><emphasis role="bold">§ 4 Update notifications.</emphasis> The
    42   VirtualBox application may contact Oracle to find out whether a new version
    43   of VirtualBox has been released and notify the user if that is the case. In
    44   the process, anonymous data such as your IP address and a non-identifying
    45   counter, together with the product version and the platform being used, is
    46   sent so that the server can find out whether an update is available. By
    47   default, this check is performed once a day. You change this interval or
    48   disable these checks altogether in the VirtualBox preferences.</para>
     55  <para>
     56    <emphasis role="bold">§ 4 Update notifications.</emphasis> The
     57    &product-name; application may contact Oracle to find out whether a
     58    new version of &product-name; has been released and notify the user
     59    if that is the case. In the process, anonymous data such as your IP
     60    address and a non-identifying counter, together with the product
     61    version and the platform being used, is sent so that the server can
     62    find out whether an update is available. By default, this check is
     63    performed once a day. You change this interval or disable these
     64    checks altogether in the &product-name; preferences.
     65  </para>
    4966
    50   <para><emphasis role="bold">§ 5 Usage of personal information.</emphasis>
    51   Oracle may use anonymous and personal data collected by the means above for
    52   statistical purposes as well as to automatically inform you about new
    53   notices related to your posts on the bug tracker and forum services, to
    54   administer the website and to contact you due to technical issues. Oracle
    55   may also inform you about new product releases related to VirtualBox.</para>
     67  <para>
     68    <emphasis role="bold">§ 5 Usage of personal information.</emphasis>
     69    Oracle may use anonymous and personal data collected by the means
     70    above for statistical purposes as well as to automatically inform
     71    you about new notices related to your posts on the bug tracker and
     72    forum services, to administer the website and to contact you due to
     73    technical issues. Oracle may also inform you about new product
     74    releases related to &product-name;.
     75  </para>
    5676
    57   <para>In no event will personal data without your express consent be
    58   provided to any third parties, unless Oracle may be required to do so by law
    59   or in connection with legal proceedings.</para>
     77  <para>
     78    In no event will personal data without your express consent be
     79    provided to any third parties, unless Oracle may be required to do
     80    so by law or in connection with legal proceedings.
     81  </para>
    6082
    61   <para><emphasis role="bold">§ 6 Updates.</emphasis> Oracle may update the
    62   privacy policy at any time by posting a new version at
    63   <ulink url="http://www.oracle.com/html/privacy.html">http://www.oracle.com/html/privacy.html</ulink> and the privacy information will be kept up to date
    64   in the documentation which comes with the VirtualBox application. You
    65   should check these places occasionally to ensure you are happy with any
    66   changes.</para>
     83  <para>
     84    <emphasis role="bold">§ 6 Updates.</emphasis> Oracle may update the
     85    privacy policy at any time by posting a new version at
     86    <ulink url="http://www.oracle.com/html/privacy.html">http://www.oracle.com/html/privacy.html</ulink>
     87    and the privacy information will be kept up to date in the
     88    documentation which comes with the &product-name; application. You
     89    should check these places occasionally to ensure you are happy with
     90    any changes.
     91  </para>
     92
    6793</appendix>
  • trunk/doc/manual/en_US/user_Security.xml

    r73276 r76078  
    2525          One of the principles of good security practise is to keep all
    2626          software versions and patches up to date. Activate the
    27           VirtualBox update notification to get notified when a new
    28           VirtualBox release is available. When updating VirtualBox, do
    29           not forget to update the Guest Additions. Keep the host
    30           operating system as well as the guest operating system up to
    31           date.
     27          &product-name; update notification to get notified when a new
     28          &product-name; release is available. When updating
     29          &product-name;, do not forget to update the Guest Additions.
     30          Keep the host operating system as well as the guest operating
     31          system up to date.
    3232        </para>
    3333      </listitem>
     
    4949          privilege.</emphasis> The principle of least privilege states
    5050          that users should be given the least amount of privilege
    51           necessary to perform their jobs. Always execute VirtualBox as
    52           a regular user. We strongly discourage anyone from executing
    53           VirtualBox with system privileges.
     51          necessary to perform their jobs. Always execute &product-name;
     52          as a regular user. We strongly discourage anyone from
     53          executing &product-name; with system privileges.
    5454        </para>
    5555
     
    9595
    9696      <para>
    97         The VirtualBox base package should be downloaded only from a
     97        The &product-name; base package should be downloaded only from a
    9898        trusted source, for instance the official website
    9999        <ulink url="http://www.virtualbox.org">http://www.virtualbox.org</ulink>.
     
    104104
    105105      <para>
    106         General VirtualBox installation instructions for the supported
    107         hosts can be found in <xref linkend="installation"/>.
    108       </para>
    109 
    110       <para>
    111         On Windows hosts, the installer allows for disabling USB
     106        General &product-name; installation instructions for the
     107        supported hosts can be found in <xref linkend="installation"/>.
     108      </para>
     109
     110      <para>
     111        On Windows hosts, the installer can be used to disable USB
    112112        support, support for bridged networking, support for host-only
    113113        networking and the Python language binding. See
     
    116116        appropriate if the corresponding functionality is not required
    117117        by any virtual machine. The Python language bindings are only
    118         required if the VirtualBox API is to be used by external Python
    119         applications. In particular USB support and support for the two
    120         networking modes require the installation of Windows kernel
    121         drivers on the host. Therefore disabling those selected features
    122         can not only be used to restrict the user to certain
     118        required if the &product-name; API is to be used by external
     119        Python applications. In particular USB support and support for
     120        the two networking modes require the installation of Windows
     121        kernel drivers on the host. Therefore disabling those selected
     122        features can not only be used to restrict the user to certain
    123123        functionality but also to minimize the surface provided to a
    124124        potential attacker.
     
    126126
    127127      <para>
    128         The general case is to install the complete VirtualBox package.
    129         The installation must be done with system privileges. All
    130         VirtualBox binaries should be executed as a regular user and
    131         never as a privileged user.
    132       </para>
    133 
    134       <para>
    135         The Oracle VM VirtualBox extension pack provides additional
    136         features and must be downloaded and installed separately, see
     128        The general case is to install the complete &product-name;
     129        package. The installation must be done with system privileges.
     130        All &product-name; binaries should be executed as a regular user
     131        and never as a privileged user.
     132      </para>
     133
     134      <para>
     135        The &product-name; Extension Pack provides additional features
     136        and must be downloaded and installed separately, see
    137137        <xref linkend="intro-installing"/>. As for the base package, the
    138138        SHA256 checksum of the extension pack should be verified. As the
    139         installation requires system privileges, VirtualBox will ask for
    140         the system password during the installation of the extension
     139        installation requires system privileges, &product-name; will ask
     140        for the system password during the installation of the extension
    141141        pack.
    142142      </para>
     
    150150      <para>
    151151        Normally there is no post installation configuration of
    152         VirtualBox components required. However, on Solaris and Linux
    153         hosts it is necessary to configure the proper permissions for
    154         users executing VMs and who should be able to access certain
    155         host resources. For instance, Linux users must be member of the
    156         <emphasis>vboxusers</emphasis> group to be able to pass USB
    157         devices to a guest. If a serial host interface should be
    158         accessed from a VM, the proper permissions must be granted to
     152        &product-name; components required. However, on Oracle Solaris
     153        and Linux hosts it is necessary to configure the proper
     154        permissions for users executing VMs and who should be able to
     155        access certain host resources. For instance, Linux users must be
     156        member of the <emphasis>vboxusers</emphasis> group to be able to
     157        pass USB devices to a guest. If a serial host interface should
     158        be accessed from a VM, the proper permissions must be granted to
    159159        the user to be able to access that device. The same applies to
    160160        other resources like raw partitions, DVD/CD drives, and sound
     
    172172    <para>
    173173      This section outlines the specific security mechanisms offered by
    174       VirtualBox.
     174      &product-name;.
    175175    </para>
    176176
     
    180180
    181181      <para>
    182         One property of virtual machine monitors (VMMs) like VirtualBox
    183         is to encapsulate a guest by executing it in a protected
    184         environment, a virtual machine, running as a user process on the
    185         host operating system. The guest cannot communicate directly
    186         with the hardware or other computers but only through the VMM.
    187         The VMM provides emulated physical resources and devices to the
    188         guest which are accessed by the guest operating system to
    189         perform the required tasks. The VM settings control the
    190         resources provided to the guest, for example the amount of guest
    191         memory or the number of guest processors and the enabled
    192         features for that guest. For example remote control, certain
    193         screen settings and others. See
     182        One property of virtual machine monitors (VMMs) like
     183        &product-name; is to encapsulate a guest by executing it in a
     184        protected environment, a virtual machine, running as a user
     185        process on the host operating system. The guest cannot
     186        communicate directly with the hardware or other computers but
     187        only through the VMM. The VMM provides emulated physical
     188        resources and devices to the guest which are accessed by the
     189        guest operating system to perform the required tasks. The VM
     190        settings control the resources provided to the guest, for
     191        example the amount of guest memory or the number of guest
     192        processors and the enabled features for that guest. For example
     193        remote control, certain screen settings and others. See
    194194        <xref linkend="generalsettings"/>.
    195195      </para>
     
    247247
    248248        <para>
    249           When using the VirtualBox extension pack provided by Oracle
    250           for VRDP remote desktop support, you can optionally use
     249          When using the &product-name; Extension Pack provided by
     250          Oracle for VRDP remote desktop support, you can optionally use
    251251          various methods to configure RDP authentication. The "null"
    252252          method is very insecure and should be avoided in a public
     
    261261
    262262        <para>
    263           The shared clipboard allows users to share data between the
     263          The shared clipboard enables users to share data between the
    264264          host and the guest. Enabling the clipboard in Bidirectional
    265           mode allows the guest to read and write the host clipboard.
     265          mode enables the guest to read and write the host clipboard.
    266266          The Host to Guest mode and the Guest to Host mode limit the
    267267          access to one direction. If the guest is able to access the
     
    298298
    299299        <para>
    300           Enabling 3D graphics via the Guest Additions exposes the host
    301           to additional security risks. See
     300          Enabling 3D graphics using the Guest Additions exposes the
     301          host to additional security risks. See
    302302          <xref
    303303          linkend="guestadd-3d" />.
     
    311311
    312312        <para>
    313           Enabling CD/DVD passthrough allows the guest to perform
     313          Enabling CD/DVD passthrough enables the guest to perform
    314314          advanced operations on the CD/DVD drive, see
    315315          <xref linkend="storage-cds"/>. This could induce a security
     
    341341
    342342      <para>
    343         The following components of VirtualBox can use passwords for
     343        The following components of &product-name; can use passwords for
    344344        authentication:
    345345      </para>
     
    351351            When using remote iSCSI storage and the storage server
    352352            requires authentication, an initiator secret can optionally
    353             be supplied with the <computeroutput>VBoxManage
    354             storageattach</computeroutput> command. As long as no
    355             settings password is provided, by using the command line
    356             option <option>--settingspwfile</option>, then this secret
    357             is stored <emphasis>unencrypted</emphasis> in the machine
     353            be supplied with the <command>VBoxManage
     354            storageattach</command> command. As long as no settings
     355            password is provided, by using the command line option
     356            <option>--settingspwfile</option>, then this secret is
     357            stored <emphasis>unencrypted</emphasis> in the machine
    358358            configuration and is therefore potentially readable on the
    359             host. See <xref
    360           linkend="storage-iscsi" /> and
    361             <xref
    362           linkend="vboxmanage-storageattach" />.
    363           </para>
    364         </listitem>
    365 
    366         <listitem>
    367           <para>
    368             When using the VirtualBox web service to control a
    369             VirtualBox host remotely, connections to the web service are
    370             authenticated in various ways. This is described in detail
    371             in the VirtualBox Software Development Kit (SDK) reference.
    372             See <xref
    373           linkend="VirtualBoxAPI" />.
     359            host. See <xref linkend="storage-iscsi" /> and
     360            <xref linkend="vboxmanage-storageattach" />.
     361          </para>
     362        </listitem>
     363
     364        <listitem>
     365          <para>
     366            When using the &product-name; web service to control an
     367            &product-name; host remotely, connections to the web service
     368            are authenticated in various ways. This is described in
     369            detail in the &product-name; Software Development Kit (SDK)
     370            reference. See <xref linkend="VirtualBoxAPI" />.
    374371          </para>
    375372        </listitem>
     
    398395
    399396      <para>
    400         The following features of VirtualBox can present security
     397        The following features of &product-name; can present security
    401398        problems:
    402399      </para>
     
    406403        <listitem>
    407404          <para>
    408             Enabling 3D graphics via the Guest Additions exposes the
     405            Enabling 3D graphics using the Guest Additions exposes the
    409406            host to additional security risks. See
    410407            <xref
     
    431428            When Page Fusion, see <xref linkend="guestadd-pagefusion"/>,
    432429            is enabled, it is possible that a side-channel opens up that
    433             allows a malicious guest to determine the address space of
     430            enables a malicious guest to determine the address space of
    434431            another VM running on the same host layout. For example,
    435432            where DLLs are typically loaded. This information leak in
    436433            itself is harmless, however the malicious guest may use it
    437             to optimize attack against that VM via unrelated attack
     434            to optimize attack against that VM through unrelated attack
    438435            vectors. It is recommended to only enable Page Fusion if you
    439436            do not think this is a concern in your setup.
     
    443440        <listitem>
    444441          <para>
    445             When using the VirtualBox web service to control a
    446             VirtualBox host remotely, connections to the web service,
    447             over which the API calls are transferred using SOAP XML, are
    448             not encrypted. They use plain HTTP by default. This is a
    449             potential security risk. For details about the web service,
    450             see <xref linkend="VirtualBoxAPI" />.
     442            When using the &product-name; web service to control an
     443            &product-name; host remotely, connections to the web
     444            service, over which the API calls are transferred using SOAP
     445            XML, are not encrypted. They use plain HTTP by default. This
     446            is a potential security risk. For details about the web
     447            service, see <xref linkend="VirtualBoxAPI" />.
    451448          </para>
    452449
     
    474471          <para>
    475472            Because of shortcomings in older Windows versions, using
    476             VirtualBox on Windows versions older than Vista with Service
    477             Pack 1 is not recommended.
     473            &product-name; on Windows versions older than Vista with
     474            Service Pack 1 is not recommended.
    478475          </para>
    479476        </listitem>
     
    488485
    489486      <para>
    490         The following components of VirtualBox use encryption to protect
    491         sensitive data:
     487        The following components of &product-name; use encryption to
     488        protect sensitive data:
    492489      </para>
    493490
     
    496493        <listitem>
    497494          <para>
    498             When using the VirtualBox extension pack provided by Oracle
    499             for VRDP remote desktop support, RDP data can optionally be
    500             encrypted. See <xref linkend="vrde-crypt" />. Only the
    501             Enhanced RDP Security method (RDP5.2) with TLS protocol
    502             provides a secure connection. Standard RDP Security (RDP4
    503             and RDP5.1) is vulnerable to a man-in-the-middle attack.
     495            When using the &product-name; Extension Pack provided by
     496            Oracle for VRDP remote desktop support, RDP data can
     497            optionally be encrypted. See <xref linkend="vrde-crypt" />.
     498            Only the Enhanced RDP Security method (RDP5.2) with TLS
     499            protocol provides a secure connection. Standard RDP Security
     500            (RDP4 and RDP5.1) is vulnerable to a man-in-the-middle
     501            attack.
    504502          </para>
    505503        </listitem>
  • trunk/doc/manual/en_US/user_Storage.xml

    r73276 r76078  
    1111  <para>
    1212    As the virtual machine will most probably expect to see a hard disk
    13     built into its virtual computer, VirtualBox must be able to present
    14     real storage to the guest as a virtual hard disk. There are
     13    built into its virtual computer, &product-name; must be able to
     14    present real storage to the guest as a virtual hard disk. There are
    1515    presently three methods by which to achieve this:
    1616  </para>
     
    2020    <listitem>
    2121      <para>
    22         VirtualBox can use large image files on a real hard disk and
     22        &product-name; can use large image files on a real hard disk and
    2323        present them to a guest as a virtual hard disk. This is the most
    2424        common method, described in <xref linkend="vdidetails" />.
     
    2828    <listitem>
    2929      <para>
    30         iSCSI storage servers can be attached to VirtualBox. This is
    31         described in <xref
    32       linkend="storage-iscsi" />.
     30        iSCSI storage servers can be attached to &product-name;. This is
     31        described in <xref linkend="storage-iscsi" />.
    3332      </para>
    3433    </listitem>
     
    4746    Each such virtual storage device, such as an image file, iSCSI
    4847    target, or physical hard disk, needs to be connected to the virtual
    49     hard disk controller that VirtualBox presents to a virtual machine.
    50     This is explained in the next section.
     48    hard disk controller that &product-name; presents to a virtual
     49    machine. This is explained in the next section.
    5150  </para>
    5251
     
    5857      In a real PC, hard disks and CD/DVD drives are connected to a
    5958      device called hard disk controller which drives hard disk
    60       operation and data transfers. VirtualBox can emulate the five most
    61       common types of hard disk controllers typically found in today's
    62       PCs: IDE, SATA (AHCI), SCSI, SAS, USB-based, and NVMe mass storage
    63       devices.
    64 
    65       <footnote>
    66 
    67         <para>
    68           SATA support was added with VirtualBox 1.6; experimental SCSI
    69           support was added with 2.1 and fully implemented with 2.2.
    70           Generally, storage attachments were made much more flexible
    71           with VirtualBox 3.1. Support for the LSI Logic SAS controller
    72           was added with VirtualBox 3.2. USB mass storage devices are
    73           supported since VirtualBox 5.0. NVMe controller support was
    74           added with VirtualBox 5.1.
    75         </para>
    76 
    77       </footnote>
     59      operation and data transfers. &product-name; can emulate the five
     60      most common types of hard disk controllers typically found in
     61      today's PCs: IDE, SATA (AHCI), SCSI, SAS, USB-based, and NVMe mass
     62      storage devices.
    7863    </para>
    7964
     
    9681
    9782        <para>
    98           In VirtualBox, each virtual machine may have one IDE
     83          In &product-name;, each virtual machine may have one IDE
    9984          controller enabled, which gives you up to four virtual storage
    10085          devices that you can attach to the machine. By default, one of
    101           these four, the secondary master, is preconfigured to be the
    102           machine's virtual CD/DVD drive, but this can be changed.
    103 
    104           <footnote>
    105 
    106             <para>
    107               The assignment of the machine's CD/DVD drive to the
    108               secondary master was fixed before VirtualBox 3.1. It is
    109               now changeable, and the drive can be at other slots of the
    110               IDE controller, and there can be more than one such drive.
    111             </para>
    112 
    113           </footnote>
    114 
    115           )
     86          these virtual storage devices, the secondary master, is
     87          preconfigured to be the virtual machine's virtual CD/DVD
     88          drive. However, you can change the default setting.
    11689        </para>
    11790
     
    12497        <para>
    12598          You can also select which exact type of IDE controller
    126           hardware VirtualBox should present to the virtual machine:
     99          hardware &product-name; should present to the virtual machine:
    127100          PIIX3, PIIX4, or ICH6. This makes no difference in terms of
    128101          performance, but if you import a virtual machine from another
     
    133106
    134107        <para>
    135           After you have created a new virtual machine with the New
    136           Virtual Machine wizard of the graphical user interface, you
    137           will typically see one IDE controller in the machine's Storage
    138           settings. The virtual CD/DVD drive will be attached to one of
    139           the four ports of this controller.
     108          After you have created a new virtual machine with the
     109          <emphasis role="bold">New Virtual Machine</emphasis> wizard of
     110          the graphical user interface, you will typically see one IDE
     111          controller in the machine's
     112          <emphasis role="bold">Storage</emphasis> settings. The virtual
     113          CD/DVD drive will be attached to one of the four ports of this
     114          controller.
    140115        </para>
    141116      </listitem>
     
    152127
    153128        <para>
    154           Like a real SATA controller, VirtualBox's virtual SATA
     129          Like a real SATA controller, &product-name;'s virtual SATA
    155130          controller operates faster and also consumes fewer CPU
    156           resources than the virtual IDE controller. Also, this allows
     131          resources than the virtual IDE controller. Also, this enables
    157132          you to connect up to 30 virtual hard disks to one machine
    158           instead of just three, when compared to the VirtualBox IDE
     133          instead of just three, when compared to the &product-name; IDE
    159134          controller with a DVD drive attached.
    160135        </para>
    161136
    162137        <para>
    163           For this reason, starting with version 3.2 and depending on
    164           the selected guest operating system, VirtualBox uses SATA as
    165           the default for newly created virtual machines. One virtual
    166           SATA controller is created by default, and the default disk
    167           that is created with a new VM is attached to this controller.
     138          For this reason, depending on the selected guest operating
     139          system, &product-name; uses SATA as the default for newly
     140          created virtual machines. One virtual SATA controller is
     141          created by default, and the default disk that is created with
     142          a new VM is attached to this controller.
    168143        </para>
    169144
     
    174149            seen by operating systems that do not have device support
    175150            for AHCI. In particular, <emphasis>there is no support for
    176             AHCI in Windows before Windows Vista</emphasis>, so Windows
    177             XP (even SP3) will not see such disks unless you install
     151            AHCI in Windows before Windows Vista</emphasis>. So Windows
     152            XP, even SP3, will not see such disks unless you install
    178153            additional drivers. It is possible to switch from IDE to
    179154            SATA after installation by installing the SATA drivers and
    180             changing the controller type in the VM settings dialog.
    181 
    182             <footnote>
    183 
    184               <para>
    185                 VirtualBox recommends the Intel Matrix Storage drivers,
    186                 which can be downloaded from
    187                 <ulink
     155            changing the controller type in the VM
     156            <emphasis role="bold">Settings</emphasis> dialog.
     157          </para>
     158
     159          <para>
     160            &product-name; recommends the Intel Matrix Storage drivers,
     161            which can be downloaded from
     162            <ulink
    188163                  url="http://downloadcenter.intel.com/Product_Filter.aspx?ProductID=2101">http://downloadcenter.intel.com/Product_Filter.aspx?ProductID=2101</ulink>.
    189               </para>
    190 
    191             </footnote>
    192164          </para>
    193165        </warning>
     
    196168          To add a SATA controller to a machine for which it has not
    197169          been enabled by default, either because it was created by an
    198           earlier version of VirtualBox, or because SATA is not
     170          earlier version of &product-name;, or because SATA is not
    199171          supported by default by the selected guest operating system,
    200           do the following. Go to the Storage page of the machine's
    201           settings dialog, click <emphasis role="bold">Add
    202           Controller</emphasis> under the Storage Tree box and then
    203           select <emphasis role="bold">Add SATA Controller</emphasis>.
    204           The new controller appears as a separate PCI device in the
    205           virtual machine, and you can add virtual disks to it.
     172          do the following. Go to the
     173          <emphasis role="bold">Storage</emphasis> page of the machine's
     174          <emphasis role="bold">Settings</emphasis> dialog, click
     175          <emphasis role="bold">Add Controller</emphasis> under the
     176          Storage Tree box and then select <emphasis role="bold">Add
     177          SATA Controller</emphasis>. The new controller appears as a
     178          separate PCI device in the virtual machine, and you can add
     179          virtual disks to it.
    206180        </para>
    207181
    208182        <para>
    209183          To change the IDE compatibility mode settings for the SATA
    210           controller, see
    211           <xref
    212           linkend="vboxmanage-storagectl" />.
     184          controller, see <xref linkend="vboxmanage-storagectl" />.
    213185        </para>
    214186      </listitem>
     
    228200        <para>
    229201          Primarily for compatibility with other virtualization
    230           software, VirtualBox optionally supports LSI Logic and
     202          software, &product-name; optionally supports LSI Logic and
    231203          BusLogic SCSI controllers, to each of which up to 15 virtual
    232204          hard disks can be attached.
     
    234206
    235207        <para>
    236           To enable a SCSI controller, on the Storage page of a virtual
    237           machine's settings dialog, click <emphasis role="bold">Add
    238           Controller</emphasis> under the Storage Tree box and then
    239           select <emphasis role="bold">Add SCSI Controller</emphasis>.
    240           The new controller appears as a separate PCI device in the
    241           virtual machine.
     208          To enable a SCSI controller, on the
     209          <emphasis role="bold">Storage</emphasis> page of a virtual
     210          machine's <emphasis role="bold">Settings</emphasis> dialog,
     211          click <emphasis role="bold">Add Controller</emphasis> under
     212          the Storage Tree box and then select <emphasis role="bold">Add
     213          SCSI Controller</emphasis>. The new controller appears as a
     214          separate PCI device in the virtual machine.
    242215        </para>
    243216
     
    261234          are used instead of parallel ones, which simplifies physical
    262235          device connections. In some ways, therefore, SAS is to SCSI
    263           what SATA is to IDE: it allows for more reliable and faster
     236          what SATA is to IDE: it enables more reliable and faster
    264237          connections.
    265238        </para>
     
    267240        <para>
    268241          To support high-end guests which require SAS controllers,
    269           VirtualBox emulates a LSI Logic SAS controller, which can be
    270           enabled much the same way as a SCSI controller. At this time,
    271           up to eight devices can be connected to the SAS controller.
     242          &product-name; emulates a LSI Logic SAS controller, which can
     243          be enabled much the same way as a SCSI controller. At this
     244          time, up to eight devices can be connected to the SAS
     245          controller.
    272246        </para>
    273247
     
    277251            operating systems with device support for it. In particular,
    278252            <emphasis>there is no support for SAS in Windows before
    279             Windows Vista</emphasis>, so Windows XP (even SP3) will not
     253            Windows Vista</emphasis>. So Windows XP, even SP3, will not
    280254            see such disks unless you install additional drivers.
    281255          </para>
     
    296270
    297271        <para>
    298           The virtual USB storage controller offered by VirtualBox works
    299           differently to the other storage controller types. While most
    300           storage controllers appear as a single PCI device to the guest
    301           with multiple disks attached to it, the USB-based storage
    302           controller does not appear as virtual storage controller. Each
    303           disk attached to the controller appears as a dedicated USB
    304           device to the guest.
     272          The virtual USB storage controller offered by &product-name;
     273          works differently to the other storage controller types. While
     274          most storage controllers appear as a single PCI device to the
     275          guest with multiple disks attached to it, the USB-based
     276          storage controller does not appear as virtual storage
     277          controller. Each disk attached to the controller appears as a
     278          dedicated USB device to the guest.
    305279        </para>
    306280
    307281        <warning>
    308282          <para>
    309             Booting from drives attached via USB is when EFI is used as
    310             the BIOS lacks USB support.
     283            Booting from drives attached using USB is only supported
     284            when EFI is used as the BIOS lacks USB support.
    311285          </para>
    312286        </warning>
     
    325299          8.1 added native NVMe support. For Windows 7, native support
    326300          was added with an update.
    327 
    328           <footnote>
    329 
    330             <para>
    331               The NVMe controller is part of the extension pack.
    332             </para>
    333 
    334           </footnote>
     301        </para>
     302
     303        <para>
     304          The NVMe controller is part of the extension pack.
    335305        </para>
    336306
    337307        <warning>
    338308          <para>
    339             Booting from drives attached via NVMe is only supported when
    340             EFI is used as the BIOS lacks the appropriate driver.
     309            Booting from drives attached using NVMe is only supported
     310            when EFI is used as the BIOS lacks the appropriate driver.
    341311          </para>
    342312        </warning>
     
    346316
    347317    <para>
    348       In summary, VirtualBox gives you the following categories of
     318      In summary, &product-name; gives you the following categories of
    349319      virtual storage slots:
    350320    </para>
     
    402372      the only controller supported by your guest. Whether you use SATA,
    403373      SCSI, or SAS does not make any real difference. The variety of
    404       controllers is only supplied by VirtualBox for compatibility with
    405       existing hardware and other hypervisors.
     374      controllers is only supplied by &product-name; for compatibility
     375      with existing hardware and other hypervisors.
    406376    </para>
    407377
     
    415385      Disk image files reside on the host system and are seen by the
    416386      guest systems as hard disks of a certain geometry. When a guest
    417       operating system reads from or writes to a hard disk, VirtualBox
    418       redirects the request to the image file.
    419     </para>
    420 
    421     <para>
    422       Like a physical disk, a virtual disk has a size (capacity), which
    423       must be specified when the image file is created. As opposed to a
    424       physical disk however, VirtualBox allows you to expand an image
    425       file after creation, even if it has data already. See
    426       <xref
    427     linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvdi" />.
    428 
    429       <footnote>
    430 
    431         <para>
    432           Image resizing was added with VirtualBox 4.0.
    433         </para>
    434 
    435       </footnote>
    436     </para>
    437 
    438     <para>
    439       VirtualBox supports the following types of disk image files:
     387      operating system reads from or writes to a hard disk,
     388      &product-name; redirects the request to the image file.
     389    </para>
     390
     391    <para>
     392      Like a physical disk, a virtual disk has a size, or capacity,
     393      which must be specified when the image file is created. As opposed
     394      to a physical disk however, &product-name; enables you to expand
     395      an image file after creation, even if it has data already. See
     396      <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvdi" />.
     397    </para>
     398
     399    <para>
     400      &product-name; supports the following types of disk image files:
    440401    </para>
    441402
     
    444405      <listitem>
    445406        <para>
    446           <emphasis role="bold">VDI.</emphasis> Normally, VirtualBox
     407          <emphasis role="bold">VDI.</emphasis> Normally, &product-name;
    447408          uses its own container format for guest hard disks. This is
    448409          called a Virtual Disk Image (VDI) file. This format is used
     
    453414      <listitem>
    454415        <para>
    455           <emphasis role="bold">VMDK.</emphasis> VirtualBox also fully
    456           supports the popular and open VMDK container format that is
    457           used by many other virtualization products, in particular, by
    458           VMware.
    459 
    460           <footnote>
    461 
    462             <para>
    463               Initial support for VMDK was added with VirtualBox 1.4.
    464               Since version 2.1, VirtualBox supports VMDK fully, meaning
    465               that you can create snapshots and use all the other
    466               advanced features described above for VDI images with VMDK
    467               also.
    468             </para>
    469 
    470           </footnote>
    471         </para>
    472       </listitem>
    473 
    474       <listitem>
    475         <para>
    476           <emphasis role="bold">VHD.</emphasis> VirtualBox also fully
    477           supports the VHD format used by Microsoft.
     416          <emphasis role="bold">VMDK.</emphasis> &product-name; also
     417          fully supports the popular and open VMDK container format that
     418          is used by many other virtualization products, such as VMware.
     419        </para>
     420      </listitem>
     421
     422      <listitem>
     423        <para>
     424          <emphasis role="bold">VHD.</emphasis> &product-name; also
     425          fully supports the VHD format used by Microsoft.
    478426        </para>
    479427      </listitem>
     
    483431          <emphasis role="bold">HDD.</emphasis> Image files of Parallels
    484432          version 2 (HDD format) are also supported.
    485 
    486           <footnote>
    487 
    488             <para>
    489               Support was added with VirtualBox 3.1.
    490             </para>
    491 
    492           </footnote>
    493 
     433        </para>
     434
     435        <para>
    494436          Due to lack of documentation of the format, newer versions
    495437          such as 3 and 4 are not supported. You can however convert
     
    530472          drive reaches the maximum capacity chosen when the drive was
    531473          created. While this format takes less space initially, the
    532           fact that VirtualBox needs to expand the image file consumes
    533           additional computing resources, so until the disk file size
    534           has stabilized, write operations may be slower than with fixed
    535           size disks. However, after a time the rate of growth will slow
    536           and the average penalty for write operations will be
    537           negligible.
     474          fact that &product-name; needs to expand the image file
     475          consumes additional computing resources, so until the disk
     476          file size has stabilized, write operations may be slower than
     477          with fixed size disks. However, after a time the rate of
     478          growth will slow and the average penalty for write operations
     479          will be negligible.
    538480        </para>
    539481      </listitem>
     
    548490
    549491    <para>
    550       VirtualBox keeps track of all the hard disk, CD/DVD-ROM, and
     492      &product-name; keeps track of all the hard disk, CD/DVD-ROM, and
    551493      floppy disk images which are in use by virtual machines. These are
    552494      often referred to as <emphasis>known media</emphasis> and come
     
    564506      <listitem>
    565507        <para>
    566           Registered media, for compatibility with VirtualBox versions
    567           older than version 4.0. For details about how media
     508          Registered media, for compatibility with &product-name;
     509          versions older than version 4.0. For details about how media
    568510          registration has changed with version 4.0, see
    569           <xref
    570           linkend="vboxconfigdata" />.
     511          <xref linkend="vboxconfigdata" />.
    571512        </para>
    572513      </listitem>
     
    575516
    576517    <para>
    577       The known media can be viewed and changed in the
    578       <emphasis
    579     role="bold">Virtual Media Manager</emphasis>, which
    580       you can access from the File menu in the VirtualBox main window.
    581     </para>
    582 
    583     <mediaobject>
    584       <imageobject>
    585         <imagedata align="center" fileref="images/virtual-disk-manager.png"
     518      The known media can be viewed and changed using the
     519      <emphasis role="bold">Virtual Media Manager</emphasis>, which you
     520      can access from the <emphasis role="bold">File</emphasis> menu in
     521      the VirtualBox Manager window.
     522    </para>
     523
     524    <figure id="fig-virtual-media-manager">
     525      <title>The Virtual Media Manager</title>
     526      <mediaobject>
     527        <imageobject>
     528          <imagedata align="center" fileref="images/virtual-disk-manager.png"
    586529                     width="12cm" />
    587       </imageobject>
    588     </mediaobject>
     530        </imageobject>
     531      </mediaobject>
     532    </figure>
    589533
    590534    <para>
    591535      The known media are conveniently grouped in separate tabs for the
    592       three possible formats. These formats are:
     536      supported formats. These formats are:
    593537    </para>
    594538
     
    597541      <listitem>
    598542        <para>
    599           Hard disk images, either in VirtualBox's own Virtual Disk
     543          Hard disk images, either in &product-name;'s own Virtual Disk
    600544          Image (VDI) format, or in the third-party formats listed in
    601545          <xref linkend="vdidetails"/>.
     
    620564      For each image, the Virtual Media Manager shows you the full path
    621565      of the image file and other information, such as the virtual
    622       machine the image is currently attached to, if any.
     566      machine the image is currently attached to.
    623567    </para>
    624568
     
    628572
    629573    <itemizedlist>
     574
     575      <listitem>
     576        <para>
     577          <emphasis role="bold">Add</emphasis> an image to the registry.
     578        </para>
     579      </listitem>
     580
     581      <listitem>
     582        <para>
     583          <emphasis role="bold">Copy</emphasis> a virtual hard disk, to
     584          create another one. The target type can be different.
     585          Available options are: VDI, VHD, or VMDK.
     586        </para>
     587      </listitem>
     588
     589      <listitem>
     590        <para>
     591          <emphasis role="bold">Move</emphasis> an image that is
     592          currently in the registry. A file dialog prompts you for the
     593          new image file location.
     594        </para>
     595
     596        <para>
     597          When you move a disk image using the Virtual Media Manager,
     598          any related &product-name; configuration files are updated
     599          automatically.
     600        </para>
     601
     602        <note>
     603          <para>
     604            If possible, always use the Virtual Media Manager or the
     605            <command>VBoxManage modifymedium</command> command to move a
     606            disk image.
     607          </para>
     608
     609          <para>
     610            If you move a disk image to a new location by using a file
     611            management feature of the host operating system, use the
     612            <computeroutput>--setlocation</computeroutput> option of the
     613            <command>VBoxManage modifymedium</command> command to
     614            configure the new path of the disk image on the host file
     615            system. This updates the &product-name; configuration
     616            automatically.
     617          </para>
     618        </note>
     619      </listitem>
    630620
    631621      <listitem>
     
    647637      <listitem>
    648638        <para>
    649           <emphasis role="bold">Copy</emphasis> a virtual hard disk, to
    650           create another one. The target type can be different.
    651           Available options are: VDI, VHD, or VMDK.
    652         </para>
    653       </listitem>
    654 
    655       <listitem>
    656         <para>
    657           <emphasis role="bold">Modify</emphasis> the attributes of the
    658           disk image file. Available options are: Normal, Immutable,
    659           Writethrough, Shareable, Multi-attach.
    660         </para>
     639          Display and edit the
     640          <emphasis role="bold">Properties</emphasis> of a disk image.
     641        </para>
     642
     643        <para>
     644          Available properties include the following:
     645        </para>
     646
     647        <itemizedlist>
     648
     649          <listitem>
     650            <para>
     651              <emphasis role="bold">Type:</emphasis> Defines the
     652              snapshot behavior of the disk. See
     653              <xref linkend="hdimagewrites"/>.
     654            </para>
     655          </listitem>
     656
     657          <listitem>
     658            <para>
     659              <emphasis role="bold">Location:</emphasis> The location of
     660              the disk image file on the host system. A file dialog
     661              selector is available.
     662            </para>
     663          </listitem>
     664
     665          <listitem>
     666            <para>
     667              <emphasis role="bold">Description:</emphasis> A short
     668              description of the disk image.
     669            </para>
     670          </listitem>
     671
     672          <listitem>
     673            <para>
     674              <emphasis role="bold">Size:</emphasis> The size of the
     675              disk image. Use the slider to increase or decrease the
     676              disk image size.
     677            </para>
     678          </listitem>
     679
     680          <listitem>
     681            <para>
     682              <emphasis role="bold">Information:</emphasis> Further
     683              details about the disk image can be added on the
     684              <emphasis role="bold">Information</emphasis> tab.
     685            </para>
     686          </listitem>
     687
     688        </itemizedlist>
    661689      </listitem>
    662690
     
    671699
    672700    <para>
    673       These commands are accessible once a medium has been selected
    674       either by selecting from the options shown at the top of the
    675       window, or by right-clicking the medium and selecting from the
    676       options shown on the drop-down menu.
    677     </para>
    678 
    679     <para>
    680       Starting with version 4.0, to create a new disk image, you use the
    681       Storage page in a virtual machine's settings dialog. This is
    682       because disk images are now by default stored in each machine's
    683       own folder.
     701      To perform these actions, highlight the medium in the Virtual
     702      Media Manager. Then do either of the following:
     703    </para>
     704
     705    <itemizedlist>
     706
     707      <listitem>
     708        <para>
     709          Click an icon in the Virtual Media Manager task bar.
     710        </para>
     711      </listitem>
     712
     713      <listitem>
     714        <para>
     715          Right-click the medium and select an option.
     716        </para>
     717      </listitem>
     718
     719    </itemizedlist>
     720
     721    <para>
     722      To create a new disk image, you use the
     723      <emphasis role="bold">Storage</emphasis> page in a virtual
     724      machine's <emphasis role="bold">Settings</emphasis> dialog. This
     725      is because disk images are by default stored in each machine's own
     726      folder.
    684727    </para>
    685728
    686729    <para>
    687730      Hard disk image files can be copied to other host systems and
    688       imported into virtual machines there, although certain guest
    689       systems, notably Windows 2000 and XP, will require that the new
    690       virtual machine be set up in a similar way to the old one.
     731      imported into virtual machines there. However, certain guest
     732      operating systems, such as Windows 2000 and Windows XP, require
     733      that the new virtual machine be set up in a similar way to the old
     734      one.
    691735    </para>
    692736
     
    694738      <para>
    695739        Do not simply make copies of virtual disk images. If you import
    696         such a second copy into a virtual machine, VirtualBox will
    697         complain with an error, since VirtualBox assigns a unique
     740        such a second copy into a virtual machine, &product-name; will
     741        complain with an error, since &product-name; assigns a unique
    698742        identifier (UUID) to each disk image to make sure it is only
    699         used once. See <xref
    700         linkend="cloningvdis" />. Also, if
    701         you want to copy a virtual machine to another system, VirtualBox
    702         has an import/export facility that might be better suited for
    703         your needs. See <xref linkend="ovf" />.
     743        used once. See <xref linkend="cloningvdis" />. Also, if you want
     744        to copy a virtual machine to another system, &product-name; has
     745        import and export features that might be better suited for your
     746        needs. See <xref linkend="ovf" />.
    704747      </para>
    705748    </note>
     
    712755
    713756    <para>
    714       For each virtual disk image supported by VirtualBox, you can
     757      For each virtual disk image supported by &product-name;, you can
    715758      determine separately how it should be affected by write operations
    716759      from a virtual machine and snapshot operations. This applies to
     
    723766      By default, images are in <emphasis>normal</emphasis> mode. To
    724767      mark an existing image with one of the non-standard modes listed
    725       below, use <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyhd</computeroutput>.
    726       See <xref
    727     linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvdi" />. Alternatively,
    728       use VBoxManage to attach the image to a VM and use the
    729       <computeroutput>--mtype</computeroutput> argument. See
     768      below, use <command>VBoxManage modifyhd</command>. See
     769      <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvdi" />. Alternatively, use
     770      <command>VBoxManage</command> to attach the image to a VM and use
     771      the <option>--mtype</option> argument. See
    730772      <xref linkend="vboxmanage-storageattach" />.
    731773    </para>
     
    753795        <para>
    754796          The image file itself is not reset. Instead, when a snapshot
    755           is taken, VirtualBox "freezes" the image file and no longer
    756           writes to it. For the write operations from the VM, a second,
    757           <emphasis>differencing</emphasis> image file is created which
    758           receives only the changes to the original image. See
    759           <xref linkend="diffimages"/>.
     797          is taken, &product-name; "freezes" the image file and no
     798          longer writes to it. For the write operations from the VM, a
     799          second, <emphasis>differencing</emphasis> image file is
     800          created which receives only the changes to the original image.
     801          See <xref linkend="diffimages"/>.
    760802        </para>
    761803
     
    766808          otherwise there would be conflicts if several machines write
    767809          to the same image file.
    768 
    769           <footnote>
    770 
    771             <para>
    772               This restriction is more lenient now than it was before
    773               VirtualBox 2.2. Previously, each normal disk image could
    774               only be <emphasis>attached</emphasis> to one single
    775               machine. Now it can be attached to more than one machine
    776               so long as only one of these machines is running.
    777             </para>
    778 
    779           </footnote>
    780810        </para>
    781811      </listitem>
     
    803833          disk concurrently. Only fixed size images can be used in this
    804834          way, and dynamically allocated images are rejected.
    805 
    806           <warning>
    807             <para>
    808               This is an expert feature, and misuse can lead to data
    809               loss, as regular filesystems are not prepared to handle
    810               simultaneous changes by several parties.
    811             </para>
    812           </warning>
    813         </para>
     835        </para>
     836
     837        <warning>
     838          <para>
     839            This is an expert feature, and misuse can lead to data loss,
     840            as regular filesystems are not prepared to handle
     841            simultaneous changes by several parties.
     842          </para>
     843        </warning>
    814844      </listitem>
    815845
     
    855885
    856886        <para>
    857           VirtualBox never writes to an immutable image directly at all.
    858           All write operations from the machine are directed to a
     887          &product-name; never writes to an immutable image directly at
     888          all. All write operations from the machine are directed to a
    859889          differencing image. The next time the VM is powered on, the
    860890          differencing image is reset so that every time the VM starts,
    861891          its immutable images have exactly the same content.
    862 
    863           <footnote>
    864 
    865             <para>
    866               This behavior also changed with VirtualBox 2.2.
    867               Previously, the differencing images were discarded when
    868               the machine session <emphasis>ended</emphasis>; now they
    869               are discarded every time the machine is powered on.
    870             </para>
    871 
    872           </footnote>
    873 
     892        </para>
     893
     894        <para>
    874895          The differencing image is only reset when the machine is
    875           powered on from within VirtualBox, not when you reboot by
     896          powered on from within &product-name;, not when you reboot by
    876897          requesting a reboot from within the machine. This is also why
    877898          immutable images behave as described above when snapshots are
     
    882903          If the automatic discarding of the differencing image on VM
    883904          startup does not fit your needs, you can turn it off using the
    884           <computeroutput>autoreset</computeroutput> parameter of
    885           <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyhd</computeroutput>. See
    886           <xref
    887         linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvdi"/>.
     905          <option>autoreset</option> parameter of <command>VBoxManage
     906          modifyhd</command>. See
     907          <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvdi"/>.
    888908        </para>
    889909      </listitem>
     
    9841004      When the machine reads a sector from such a virtual hard disk, it
    9851005      looks into the differencing image first. If the sector is present,
    986       it is returned from there. If not, VirtualBox looks into the
     1006      it is returned from there. If not, &product-name; looks into the
    9871007      parent. In other words, the parent becomes
    9881008      <emphasis>read-only</emphasis>. It is never written to again, but
     
    9971017      read-only as well, and write operations only go to the
    9981018      second-level differencing image. When reading from the virtual
    999       disk, VirtualBox needs to look into the second differencing image
    1000       first, then into the first if the sector was not found, and then
    1001       into the original image.
     1019      disk, &product-name; needs to look into the second differencing
     1020      image first, then into the first if the sector was not found, and
     1021      then into the original image.
    10021022    </para>
    10031023
     
    10091029      Write operations always go to the one <emphasis>active</emphasis>
    10101030      differencing image that is attached to the machine, and for read
    1011       operations, VirtualBox may need to look up all the parents in the
    1012       chain until the sector in question is found. You can view such a
    1013       tree in the Virtual Media Manager:
    1014     </para>
    1015 
    1016     <mediaobject>
    1017       <imageobject>
    1018         <imagedata align="center" fileref="images/virtual-disk-manager2.png"
     1031      operations, &product-name; may need to look up all the parents in
     1032      the chain until the sector in question is found. You can view such
     1033      a tree in the Virtual Media Manager.
     1034    </para>
     1035
     1036    <figure id="fig-diff-images">
     1037      <title>Differencing Images, Shown in Virtual Media Manager</title>
     1038      <mediaobject>
     1039        <imageobject>
     1040          <imagedata align="center" fileref="images/virtual-disk-manager2.png"
    10191041                     width="12cm" />
    1020       </imageobject>
    1021     </mediaobject>
     1042        </imageobject>
     1043      </mediaobject>
     1044    </figure>
    10221045
    10231046    <para>
     
    10251048      machine, the virtual hard disk behaves like any other disk. While
    10261049      the virtual machine is running, there is a slight run-time I/O
    1027       overhead because VirtualBox might need to look up sectors several
    1028       times. This is not noticeable however since the tables with sector
    1029       information are always kept in memory and can be looked up
    1030       quickly.
     1050      overhead because &product-name; might need to look up sectors
     1051      several times. This is not noticeable however since the tables
     1052      with sector information are always kept in memory and can be
     1053      looked up quickly.
    10311054    </para>
    10321055
     
    10401063        <para>
    10411064          <emphasis role="bold">Snapshots.</emphasis> When you create a
    1042           snapshot, as explained in the previous section, VirtualBox
     1065          snapshot, as explained in the previous section, &product-name;
    10431066          "freezes" the images attached to the virtual machine and
    10441067          creates differencing images for each image that is not in
     
    10671090          <listitem>
    10681091            <para>
    1069               VirtualBox copies the virtual machine settings that were
    1070               copied into the snapshot back to the virtual machine. As a
    1071               result, if you have made changes to the machine
     1092              &product-name; copies the virtual machine settings that
     1093              were copied into the snapshot back to the virtual machine.
     1094              As a result, if you have made changes to the machine
    10721095              configuration since taking the snapshot, they are undone.
    10731096            </para>
     
    11051128          differencing images becomes obsolete. In this case, the
    11061129          differencing image of the disk attachment cannot simply be
    1107           deleted. Instead, VirtualBox needs to look at each sector of
    1108           the differencing image and needs to copy it back into its
     1130          deleted. Instead, &product-name; needs to look at each sector
     1131          of the differencing image and needs to copy it back into its
    11091132          parent. This is called "merging" images and can be a
    11101133          potentially lengthy process, depending on how large the
     
    11431166      system setup. However, you should <emphasis>only</emphasis> make
    11441167      copies of virtual disk images using the utility supplied with
    1145       VirtualBox. See <xref
    1146     linkend="vboxmanage-clonevdi" />. This
    1147       is because VirtualBox assigns a unique identity number (UUID) to
    1148       each disk image, which is also stored inside the image, and
    1149       VirtualBox will refuse to work with two images that use the same
    1150       number. If you do accidentally try to reimport a disk image which
    1151       you copied normally, you can make a second copy using VirtualBox's
    1152       utility and import that instead.
     1168      &product-name;. See <xref linkend="vboxmanage-clonevdi" />. This
     1169      is because &product-name; assigns a unique identity number (UUID)
     1170      to each disk image, which is also stored inside the image, and
     1171      &product-name; will refuse to work with two images that use the
     1172      same number. If you do accidentally try to reimport a disk image
     1173      which you copied normally, you can make a second copy using
     1174      &product-name;'s utility and import that instead.
    11531175    </para>
    11541176
    11551177    <para>
    11561178      Note that newer Linux distributions identify the boot hard disk
    1157       from the ID of the drive. The ID VirtualBox reports for a drive is
    1158       determined from the UUID of the virtual disk image. So if you
    1159       clone a disk image and try to boot the copied image the guest
     1179      from the ID of the drive. The ID &product-name; reports for a
     1180      drive is determined from the UUID of the virtual disk image. So if
     1181      you clone a disk image and try to boot the copied image the guest
    11601182      might not be able to determine its own boot disk as the UUID
    11611183      changed. In this case you have to adapt the disk ID in your boot
     
    11771199  <sect1 id="iocaching">
    11781200
    1179     <title>Host I/O Caching</title>
    1180 
    1181     <para>
    1182       Starting with version 3.2, VirtualBox can optionally disable the
    1183       I/O caching that the host operating system would otherwise perform
    1184       on disk image files.
    1185     </para>
    1186 
    1187     <para>
    1188       Traditionally, VirtualBox has opened disk image files as normal
    1189       files, which results in them being cached by the host operating
    1190       system like any other file. The main advantage of this is speed:
    1191       when the guest OS writes to disk and the host OS cache uses
    1192       delayed writing, the write operation can be reported as completed
    1193       to the guest OS quickly while the host OS can perform the
    1194       operation asynchronously. Also, when you start a VM a second time
    1195       and have enough memory available for the OS to use for caching,
    1196       large parts of the virtual disk may be in system memory, and the
    1197       VM can access the data much faster.
     1201    <title>Host Input/Output Caching</title>
     1202
     1203    <para>
     1204      &product-name; can optionally disable the I/O caching that the
     1205      host operating system would otherwise perform on disk image files.
     1206    </para>
     1207
     1208    <para>
     1209      Traditionally, &product-name; has opened disk image files as
     1210      normal files, which results in them being cached by the host
     1211      operating system like any other file. The main advantage of this
     1212      is speed: when the guest OS writes to disk and the host OS cache
     1213      uses delayed writing, the write operation can be reported as
     1214      completed to the guest OS quickly while the host OS can perform
     1215      the operation asynchronously. Also, when you start a VM a second
     1216      time and have enough memory available for the OS to use for
     1217      caching, large parts of the virtual disk may be in system memory,
     1218      and the VM can access the data much faster.
    11981219    </para>
    11991220
     
    12021223      occur for virtual disks residing on remote iSCSI storage, which is
    12031224      the more common scenario in enterprise-class setups. See
    1204       <xref
    1205     linkend="storage-iscsi" />.
     1225      <xref linkend="storage-iscsi" />.
    12061226    </para>
    12071227
     
    12511271    <para>
    12521272      If you decide to disable host I/O caching for the above reasons,
    1253       VirtualBox uses its own small cache to buffer writes, but no read
    1254       caching since this is typically already performed by the guest OS.
    1255       In addition, VirtualBox fully supports asynchronous I/O for its
    1256       virtual SATA, SCSI and SAS controllers through multiple I/O
    1257       threads.
     1273      &product-name; uses its own small cache to buffer writes, but no
     1274      read caching since this is typically already performed by the
     1275      guest OS. In addition, &product-name; fully supports asynchronous
     1276      I/O for its virtual SATA, SCSI and SAS controllers through
     1277      multiple I/O threads.
    12581278    </para>
    12591279
     
    12651285
    12661286    <para>
    1267       For this reason, VirtualBox allows you to configure whether the
    1268       host I/O cache is used for each I/O controller separately. Either
    1269       select the <emphasis role="bold">Use Host I/O Cache</emphasis>
    1270       check box in the Storage settings for a given virtual storage
    1271       controller, or use the following VBoxManage command to disable the
    1272       host I/O cache for a virtual storage controller:
     1287      For this reason, &product-name; enables you to configure whether
     1288      the host I/O cache is used for each I/O controller separately.
     1289      Either select the <emphasis role="bold">Use Host I/O
     1290      Cache</emphasis> check box in the
     1291      <emphasis role="bold">Storage</emphasis> settings for a given
     1292      virtual storage controller, or use the following
     1293      <command>VBoxManage</command> command to disable the host I/O
     1294      cache for a virtual storage controller:
    12731295    </para>
    12741296
     
    12801302
    12811303    <para>
    1282       For the above reasons, VirtualBox now uses SATA controllers by
     1304      For the above reasons, &product-name; now uses SATA controllers by
    12831305      default for new virtual machines.
    12841306    </para>
     
    12911313
    12921314    <para>
    1293       Starting with version 4.0, VirtualBox allows for limiting the
    1294       maximum bandwidth used for asynchronous I/O. Additionally it
    1295       supports sharing limits through bandwidth groups for several
    1296       images. It is possible to have more than one such limit.
    1297     </para>
    1298 
    1299     <para>
    1300       Limits are configured using
    1301       <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput>. The example below
    1302       creates a bandwidth group named Limit, sets the limit to 20 MB per
    1303       second, and assigns the group to the attached disks of the VM:
     1315      &product-name; supports limiting of the maximum bandwidth used for
     1316      asynchronous I/O. Additionally it supports sharing limits through
     1317      bandwidth groups for several images. It is possible to have more
     1318      than one such limit.
     1319    </para>
     1320
     1321    <para>
     1322      Limits are configured using <command>VBoxManage</command>. The
     1323      example below creates a bandwidth group named Limit, sets the
     1324      limit to 20 MB per second, and assigns the group to the attached
     1325      disks of the VM:
    13041326    </para>
    13051327
     
    13731395
    13741396    <para>
    1375       Medium changes can be prevented by the guest, and VirtualBox
     1397      Medium changes can be prevented by the guest, and &product-name;
    13761398      reflects that by locking the host drive if appropriate. You can
    1377       force a medium removal in such situations via the VirtualBox GUI
    1378       or the VBoxManage command line tool. Effectively this is the
    1379       equivalent of the emergency eject which many CD/DVD drives
    1380       provide, with all associated side effects. The guest OS can issue
    1381       error messages, just like on real hardware, and guest applications
    1382       may misbehave. Use this with caution.
     1399      force a medium removal in such situations by using the
     1400      &product-name; GUI or the <command>VBoxManage</command> command
     1401      line tool. Effectively this is the equivalent of the emergency
     1402      eject which many CD/DVD drives provide, with all associated side
     1403      effects. The guest OS can issue error messages, just like on real
     1404      hardware, and guest applications may misbehave. Use this with
     1405      caution.
    13831406    </para>
    13841407
     
    13951418
    13961419    <para>
    1397       The standard CD/DVD emulation allows for reading standard data CD
     1420      The standard CD/DVD emulation enables reading of standard data CD
    13981421      and DVD formats only. As an experimental feature, for additional
    13991422      capabilities, it is possible to give the guest direct access to
     
    14271450
    14281451    <para>
    1429       There is a Passthrough check box in the GUI dialog for configuring
    1430       the media attached to a storage controller, or you can use the
    1431       <computeroutput>--passthrough</computeroutput> option with
    1432       <computeroutput>VBoxManage storageattach</computeroutput>. See
    1433       <xref
    1434     linkend="vboxmanage-storageattach" />.
     1452      There is a <emphasis role="bold">Passthrough</emphasis> check box
     1453      in the GUI dialog for configuring the media attached to a storage
     1454      controller, or you can use the <option>--passthrough</option>
     1455      option with <command>VBoxManage storageattach</command>. See
     1456      <xref linkend="vboxmanage-storageattach" />.
    14351457    </para>
    14361458
     
    14431465
    14441466    <para>
    1445       On Solaris hosts, passthrough requires running VirtualBox with
    1446       real root permissions due to security measures enforced by the
    1447       host.
     1467      On Oracle Solaris hosts, passthrough requires running
     1468      &product-name; with real root permissions due to security measures
     1469      enforced by the host.
    14481470    </para>
    14491471
     
    14551477
    14561478    <para>
    1457       iSCSI stands for "Internet SCSI" and is a standard that allows for
    1458       using the SCSI protocol over Internet (TCP/IP) connections.
     1479      iSCSI stands for "Internet SCSI" and is a standard that supports
     1480      use of the SCSI protocol over Internet (TCP/IP) connections.
    14591481      Especially with the advent of Gigabit Ethernet, it has become
    14601482      affordable to attach iSCSI storage servers simply as remote hard
     
    14671489
    14681490    <para>
    1469       VirtualBox can transparently present iSCSI remote storage to a
     1491      &product-name; can transparently present iSCSI remote storage to a
    14701492      virtual machine as a virtual hard disk. The guest operating system
    14711493      will not see any difference between a virtual disk image (VDI
    1472       file) and an iSCSI target. To achieve this, VirtualBox has an
     1494      file) and an iSCSI target. To achieve this, &product-name; has an
    14731495      integrated iSCSI initiator.
    14741496    </para>
    14751497
    14761498    <para>
    1477       VirtualBox's iSCSI support has been developed according to the
     1499      &product-name;'s iSCSI support has been developed according to the
    14781500      iSCSI standard and should work with all standard-conforming iSCSI
    1479       targets. To use an iSCSI target with VirtualBox, you must use the
    1480       command line. See <xref linkend="vboxmanage-storageattach" />.
     1501      targets. To use an iSCSI target with &product-name;, you must use
     1502      the command line. See <xref linkend="vboxmanage-storageattach" />.
    14811503    </para>
    14821504
  • trunk/doc/manual/en_US/user_Technical.xml

    r73276 r76078  
    1010
    1111  <para>
    12     The contents of this chapter are not required to use VirtualBox
    13     successfully. The following is provided as additional information
    14     for readers who are more familiar with computer architecture and
    15     technology and wish to find out more about how VirtualBox works
    16     "under the hood".
     12    This chapter provides additional information for readers who are
     13    familiar with computer architecture and technology and wish to find
     14    out more about how &product-name; works <emphasis>under the
     15    hood</emphasis>. The contents of this chapter are not required
     16    reading in order to use &product-name; successfully.
    1717  </para>
    1818
    1919  <sect1 id="vboxconfigdata">
    2020
    21     <title>Where VirtualBox Stores its Files</title>
    22 
    23     <para>
    24       In VirtualBox, a virtual machine and its settings are described in
    25       a virtual machine settings file in XML format. In addition, most
    26       virtual machine have one or more virtual hard disks, which are
    27       typically represented by disk images, such as those in VDI format.
    28       Where all these files are stored depends on which version of
    29       VirtualBox created the machine.
    30     </para>
    31 
    32     <sect2 id="vboxconfigdata-pre-version-four">
    33 
    34       <title>Machines Created by VirtualBox Version 4.0 or Later</title>
    35 
    36       <para>
    37         Starting with version 4.0, by default, each virtual machine has
    38         one directory on your host computer where all the files of that
    39         machine are stored: the XML settings file, with a
    40         <computeroutput>.vbox</computeroutput> file extension, and its
    41         disk images.
    42       </para>
    43 
    44       <para>
    45         By default, this <replaceable>machine folder</replaceable> is
    46         placed in a common folder called <computeroutput>VirtualBox
    47         VMs</computeroutput>, which VirtualBox creates in the current
    48         system user's home directory. The location of this home
     21    <title>Where &product-name; Stores its Files</title>
     22
     23    <para>
     24      In &product-name;, a virtual machine and its settings are
     25      described in a virtual machine settings file in XML format. In
     26      addition, most virtual machine have one or more virtual hard
     27      disks, which are typically represented by disk images, such as
     28      those in VDI format. Where all these files are stored depends on
     29      which version of &product-name; created the machine.
     30    </para>
     31
     32    <sect2 id="vboxconfigdata-post-version-four">
     33
     34      <title>Machines Created by &product-name; Version 4.0 or Later</title>
     35
     36      <para>
     37        By default, each virtual machine has one directory on your host
     38        computer where all the files of that machine are stored: the XML
     39        settings file, with a <computeroutput>.vbox</computeroutput>
     40        file extension, and its disk images.
     41      </para>
     42
     43      <para>
     44        By default, this <emphasis>machine folder</emphasis> is placed
     45        in a common folder called <computeroutput>VirtualBox
     46        VMs</computeroutput>, which &product-name; creates in the
     47        current system user's home directory. The location of this home
    4948        directory depends on the conventions of the host operating
    50         system:
     49        system, as follows:
    5150      </para>
    5251
     
    7170        <listitem>
    7271          <para>
    73             On Linux, Mac OS X and Solaris, this is generally taken from
    74             the environment variable
     72            On Linux, Mac OS X, and Oracle Solaris, this is generally
     73            taken from the environment variable
    7574            <computeroutput>$HOME</computeroutput>, except for the user
    7675            <computeroutput>root</computeroutput> where it is taken from
    7776            the account database. This is a workaround for the frequent
    78             trouble caused by users using VirtualBox in combination with
    79             the tool <computeroutput>sudo</computeroutput> which by
     77            trouble caused by users using &product-name; in combination
     78            with the tool <computeroutput>sudo</computeroutput> which by
    8079            default does not reset the environment variable
    8180            <computeroutput>$HOME</computeroutput>. A typical location
    82             on Linux and Solaris is
     81            on Linux and Oracle Solaris is
    8382            <computeroutput>/home/username</computeroutput> and on Mac
    8483            OS X <computeroutput>/Users/username</computeroutput>.
     
    9796      <para>
    9897        As an example, when you create a virtual machine called "Example
    99         VM", you will find that VirtualBox creates the following:
     98        VM", &product-name; creates the following:
    10099      </para>
    101100
     
    126125
    127126      <para>
    128         This is the default layout if you use the Create New Virtual
    129         Machine wizard described in <xref linkend="gui-createvm" />.
    130         Once you start working with the VM, additional files are added.
    131         Log files are in a subfolder called
    132         <computeroutput>Logs</computeroutput>, and if you have taken
    133         snapshots, they are in a
     127        This is the default layout if you use the
     128        <emphasis role="bold">Create New Virtual Machine</emphasis>
     129        wizard described in <xref linkend="gui-createvm" />. Once you
     130        start working with the VM, additional files are added. Log files
     131        are in a subfolder called <computeroutput>Logs</computeroutput>,
     132        and if you have taken snapshots, they are in a
    134133        <computeroutput>Snapshots</computeroutput> subfolder. For each
    135134        VM, you can change the location of its snapshots folder in the
     
    139138      <para>
    140139        You can change the default machine folder by selecting
    141         <emphasis role="bold">Preferences</emphasis> from the File menu
    142         in the VirtualBox main window. Then, in the displayed window,
    143         click on the <emphasis role="bold">General</emphasis> tab.
    144         Alternatively, use <computeroutput>VBoxManage setproperty
    145         machinefolder</computeroutput>. See
    146         <xref
    147       linkend="vboxmanage-setproperty" />.
     140        <emphasis role="bold">Preferences</emphasis> from the
     141        <emphasis role="bold">File</emphasis> menu in the &product-name;
     142        main window. Then, in the displayed window, click on the
     143        <emphasis role="bold">General</emphasis> tab. Alternatively, use
     144        <command>VBoxManage setproperty machinefolder</command>. See
     145        <xref linkend="vboxmanage-setproperty" />.
    148146      </para>
    149147
    150148    </sect2>
    151149
    152     <sect2 id="vboxconfigdata-post-version-four">
    153 
    154       <title>Machines Created by VirtualBox Versions Before 4.0</title>
    155 
    156       <para>
    157         If you have upgraded to VirtualBox 4.0 from an earlier version
    158         of VirtualBox, you probably have settings files and disks in the
    159         earlier file system layout.
    160       </para>
    161 
    162       <para>
    163         Before version 4.0, VirtualBox separated the machine settings
    164         files from virtual disk images. The machine settings files had
    165         an <computeroutput>.xml</computeroutput> file extension and
    166         resided in a folder called "Machines" under the global
    167         VirtualBox configuration directory. See
     150    <sect2 id="vboxconfigdata-pre-version-four">
     151
     152      <title>Machines Created by &product-name; Versions Before 4.0</title>
     153
     154      <para>
     155        If you have upgraded to &product-name; 4.0 from an earlier
     156        version of &product-name;, you probably have settings files and
     157        disks in the earlier file system layout.
     158      </para>
     159
     160      <para>
     161        Before version 4.0, &product-name; separated the machine
     162        settings files from virtual disk images. The machine settings
     163        files had an <computeroutput>.xml</computeroutput> file
     164        extension and resided in a folder called
     165        <computeroutput>Machines</computeroutput> under the global
     166        &product-name; configuration directory. See
    168167        <xref linkend="vboxconfigdata-global"/>. On Linux, for example,
    169         this was the hidden
    170         <computeroutput>$HOME/.VirtualBox/Machines</computeroutput>
    171         directory. The default hard disks folder was called "HardDisks"
    172         and resided in the <computeroutput>.VirtualBox</computeroutput>
    173         folder as well. Both locations could be changed by the user in
    174         the global preferences. The concept of a default hard disk
    175         folder has been abandoned with VirtualBox 4.0, since disk images
    176         now reside in each machine's folder by default.
     168        this was the hidden directory
     169        <computeroutput>$HOME/.VirtualBox/Machines</computeroutput>. The
     170        default hard disks folder was called
     171        <computeroutput>HardDisks</computeroutput> and was also located
     172        in the <computeroutput>.VirtualBox</computeroutput> folder. Both
     173        locations could be changed by the user in the global
     174        preferences. The concept of a default hard disk folder was
     175        abandoned with &product-name; 4.0, since disk images now reside
     176        in each machine's folder by default.
    177177      </para>
    178178
     
    189189            the same folder. In addition, the virtual media of all
    190190            machines were registered with a global registry in the
    191             central VirtualBox settings file,
     191            central &product-name; settings file,
    192192            <computeroutput>$HOME/.VirtualBox/VirtualBox.xml</computeroutput>.
    193193          </para>
     
    208208            under the hidden
    209209            <computeroutput>.VirtualBox</computeroutput> directory, at
    210             least on Linux and Solaris hosts, made many users wonder
    211             where their disk space had gone.
     210            least on Linux and Oracle Solaris hosts, made many users
     211            wonder where their disk space had gone.
    212212          </para>
    213213        </listitem>
     
    216216
    217217      <para>
    218         Whereas new VMs created with VirtualBox 4.0 or later will
     218        Whereas new VMs created with &product-name; 4.0 or later will
    219219        conform to the new layout, for maximum compatibility, old VMs
    220220        are <emphasis>not</emphasis> converted to the new layout.
    221221        Otherwise machine settings would be irrevocably broken if a user
    222         downgraded from 4.0 back to an older version of VirtualBox.
     222        downgraded from 4.0 back to an older version of &product-name;.
    223223      </para>
    224224
     
    230230
    231231      <para>
    232         In addition to the files of the virtual machines, VirtualBox
    233         maintains global configuration data. On Linux and Solaris as of
    234         VirtualBox 4.3, this is in the hidden directory
    235         <computeroutput>$HOME/.config/VirtualBox</computeroutput>,
    236         although <computeroutput>$HOME/.VirtualBox</computeroutput> will
    237         be used if it exists for compatibility with earlier versions. On
    238         Windows, and on Linux and Solaris with VirtualBox 4.2 and
    239         earlier, this is in
    240         <computeroutput>$HOME/.VirtualBox</computeroutput>. On Mac OS X,
    241         it resides in
    242         <computeroutput>$HOME/Library/VirtualBox</computeroutput>.
    243       </para>
    244 
    245       <para>
    246         VirtualBox creates this configuration directory automatically if
    247         necessary. Optionally, you can supply an alternate configuration
    248         directory by setting the
    249         <computeroutput><literal>VBOX_USER_HOME</literal></computeroutput>
    250         environment variable, or additionally on Linux or Solaris by
    251         using the standard
    252         <computeroutput><literal>XDG_CONFIG_HOME</literal></computeroutput>
     232        In addition to the files of the virtual machines, &product-name;
     233        maintains global configuration data in the following directory:
     234      </para>
     235
     236      <itemizedlist>
     237
     238        <listitem>
     239          <para>
     240            <emphasis role="bold">Linux and Oracle Solaris:</emphasis>
     241            <computeroutput>$HOME/.config/VirtualBox</computeroutput>.
     242          </para>
     243
     244          <para>
     245            <computeroutput>$HOME/.VirtualBox</computeroutput> is used
     246            if it exists, for compatibility with legacy versions before
     247            &product-name; 4.3.
     248          </para>
     249        </listitem>
     250
     251        <listitem>
     252          <para>
     253            <emphasis role="bold">Windows:</emphasis>
     254            <computeroutput>$HOME/.VirtualBox</computeroutput>.
     255          </para>
     256        </listitem>
     257
     258        <listitem>
     259          <para>
     260            <emphasis role="bold">Mac OS X:</emphasis>
     261            <computeroutput>$HOME/Library/VirtualBox</computeroutput>.
     262          </para>
     263        </listitem>
     264
     265      </itemizedlist>
     266
     267      <para>
     268        &product-name; creates this configuration directory
     269        automatically, if necessary. Optionally, you can specify an
     270        alternate configuration directory by setting the
     271        <computeroutput>VBOX_USER_HOME</computeroutput> environment
     272        variable, or additionally on Linux or Oracle Solaris by using
     273        the standard <computeroutput>XDG_CONFIG_HOME</computeroutput>
    253274        variable. Since the global
    254275        <computeroutput>VirtualBox.xml</computeroutput> settings file
    255         points to all other configuration files, this allows for
    256         switching between several VirtualBox configurations entirely.
    257       </para>
    258 
    259       <para>
    260         Most importantly, in this directory, VirtualBox stores its
     276        points to all other configuration files, this enables switching
     277        between several &product-name; configurations.
     278      </para>
     279
     280      <para>
     281        Most importantly, in this directory, &product-name; stores its
    261282        global settings file, another XML file called
    262283        <computeroutput>VirtualBox.xml</computeroutput>. This includes
     
    264285        machines with pointers to their XML settings files. Neither the
    265286        location of this file nor its directory has changed with
    266         VirtualBox 4.0.
    267       </para>
    268 
    269       <para>
    270         Before VirtualBox 4.0, all virtual media (disk image files) were
    271         also contained in a global registry in this settings file. For
    272         compatibility, this media registry still exists if you upgrade
    273         VirtualBox and there are media from machines which were created
    274         with a version before 4.0. If you have no such machines, then
    275         there will be no global media registry. With VirtualBox 4.0,
    276         each machine XML file has its own media registry.
    277       </para>
    278 
    279       <para>
    280         Also before VirtualBox 4.0, the default "Machines" folder and
    281         the default "HardDisks" folder resided under the VirtualBox
    282         configuration directory, such as
     287        &product-name; 4.0.
     288      </para>
     289
     290      <para>
     291        Before &product-name; 4.0, all virtual media, such as disk image
     292        files, were also contained in a global registry in this settings
     293        file. For compatibility, this media registry still exists if you
     294        upgrade &product-name; and there are media from machines which
     295        were created with a version before 4.0. If you have no such
     296        machines, then there will be no global media registry. With
     297        &product-name; 4.0, each machine XML file has its own media
     298        registry.
     299      </para>
     300
     301      <para>
     302        Also before &product-name; 4.0, the default
     303        <computeroutput>Machines</computeroutput> folder and the default
     304        <computeroutput>HardDisks</computeroutput> folder resided under
     305        the &product-name; configuration directory, such as
    283306        <computeroutput>$HOME/.VirtualBox/Machines</computeroutput> on
    284         Linux. If you are upgrading from a VirtualBox version before
    285         4.0, files in these directories are not automatically moved in
    286         order not to break backwards compatibility.
     307        Linux. If you are upgrading from an &product-name; version
     308        before 4.0, files in these directories are not automatically
     309        moved in order not to break backwards compatibility.
    287310      </para>
    288311
     
    304327          <thead>
    305328            <row>
    306               <entry><emphasis role="bold">Setting</emphasis></entry>
    307               <entry><emphasis role="bold">Before 4.0</emphasis></entry>
    308               <entry><emphasis role="bold">4.0 or above</emphasis></entry>
     329              <entry><para>
     330                  <emphasis role="bold">Setting</emphasis>
     331                </para></entry>
     332              <entry><para>
     333                  <emphasis role="bold">Before 4.0</emphasis>
     334                </para></entry>
     335              <entry><para>
     336                  <emphasis role="bold">4.0 or above</emphasis>
     337                </para></entry>
    309338            </row>
    310339          </thead>
    311340          <tbody>
    312341            <row>
    313               <entry>Default machines folder</entry>
    314               <entry><computeroutput>$HOME/.VirtualBox/Machines</computeroutput></entry>
    315               <entry><computeroutput>$HOME/VirtualBox VMs</computeroutput></entry>
     342              <entry><para>
     343                  Default machines folder
     344                </para></entry>
     345              <entry><para>
     346                  <computeroutput>$HOME/.VirtualBox/Machines</computeroutput>
     347                </para></entry>
     348              <entry><para>
     349                  <computeroutput>$HOME/VirtualBox VMs</computeroutput>
     350                </para></entry>
    316351            </row>
    317352            <row>
    318               <entry>Default disk image location</entry>
    319               <entry><computeroutput>$HOME/.VirtualBox/HardDisks</computeroutput></entry>
    320               <entry>In each machine's folder</entry>
     353              <entry><para>
     354                  Default disk image location
     355                </para></entry>
     356              <entry><para>
     357                  <computeroutput>$HOME/.VirtualBox/HardDisks</computeroutput>
     358                </para></entry>
     359              <entry><para>
     360                  In each machine's folder
     361                </para></entry>
    321362            </row>
    322363            <row>
    323               <entry>Machine settings file extension</entry>
    324               <entry><computeroutput>.xml</computeroutput></entry>
    325               <entry><computeroutput>.vbox</computeroutput></entry>
     364              <entry><para>
     365                  Machine settings file extension
     366                </para></entry>
     367              <entry><para>
     368                  <computeroutput>.xml</computeroutput>
     369                </para></entry>
     370              <entry><para>
     371                  <computeroutput>.vbox</computeroutput>
     372                </para></entry>
    326373            </row>
    327374            <row>
    328               <entry>Media registry</entry>
    329               <entry>Global <computeroutput>VirtualBox.xml</computeroutput> file</entry>
    330               <entry>Each machine settings file</entry>
     375              <entry><para>
     376                  Media registry
     377                </para></entry>
     378              <entry><para>
     379                  Global <computeroutput>VirtualBox.xml</computeroutput>
     380                  file
     381                </para></entry>
     382              <entry><para>
     383                  Each machine settings file
     384                </para></entry>
    331385            </row>
    332386            <row>
    333               <entry>Media registration</entry>
    334               <entry>Explicit open/close required</entry>
    335               <entry>Automatic on attach</entry>
     387              <entry><para>
     388                  Media registration
     389                </para></entry>
     390              <entry><para>
     391                  Explicit open/close required
     392                </para></entry>
     393              <entry><para>
     394                  Automatic on attach
     395                </para></entry>
    336396            </row>
    337397          </tbody>
     
    343403    <sect2 id="vboxconfigdata-XML-files">
    344404
    345       <title>VirtualBox XML Files</title>
    346 
    347       <para>
    348         VirtualBox uses XML for both the machine settings files and the
    349         global configuration file,
     405      <title>&product-name; XML Files</title>
     406
     407      <para>
     408        &product-name; uses XML for both the machine settings files and
     409        the global configuration file,
    350410        <computeroutput>VirtualBox.xml</computeroutput>.
    351411      </para>
    352412
    353413      <para>
    354         All VirtualBox XML files are versioned. When a new settings file
    355         is created, for example because a new virtual machine is
    356         created, VirtualBox automatically uses the settings format of
    357         the current VirtualBox version. These files may not be readable
    358         if you downgrade to an earlier version of VirtualBox. However,
    359         when VirtualBox encounters a settings file from an earlier
    360         version, such as after upgrading VirtualBox, it attempts to
    361         preserve the settings format as much as possible. It will only
    362         silently upgrade the settings format if the current settings
    363         cannot be expressed in the old format, for example because you
    364         enabled a feature that was not present in an earlier version of
    365         VirtualBox.
    366 
    367         <footnote>
    368 
    369           <para>
    370             As an example, before VirtualBox 3.1, it was only possible
    371             to enable or disable a single DVD drive in a virtual
    372             machine. If it was enabled, then it would always be visible
    373             as the secondary master of the IDE controller. With
    374             VirtualBox 3.1, DVD drives can be attached to arbitrary
    375             slots of arbitrary controllers, so they could be the
    376             secondary slave of an IDE controller or in a SATA slot. If
    377             you have a machine settings file from an earlier version and
    378             upgrade VirtualBox to 3.1 and then move the DVD drive from
    379             its default position, this cannot be expressed in the old
    380             settings format; the XML machine file would get written in
    381             the new format, and a backup file of the old format would be
    382             kept.
    383           </para>
    384 
    385         </footnote>
    386 
    387         In such cases, VirtualBox backs up the old settings file in the
    388         virtual machine's configuration directory. If you need to go
    389         back to the earlier version of VirtualBox, then you will need to
    390         manually copy these backup files back.
     414        All &product-name; XML files are versioned. When a new settings
     415        file is created, for example because a new virtual machine is
     416        created, &product-name; automatically uses the settings format
     417        of the current &product-name; version. These files may not be
     418        readable if you downgrade to an earlier version of
     419        &product-name;. However, when &product-name; encounters a
     420        settings file from an earlier version, such as after upgrading
     421        &product-name;, it attempts to preserve the settings format as
     422        much as possible. It will only silently upgrade the settings
     423        format if the current settings cannot be expressed in the old
     424        format, for example because you enabled a feature that was not
     425        present in an earlier version of &product-name;.
     426      </para>
     427
     428      <para>
     429        As an example, before &product-name; 3.1, it was only possible
     430        to enable or disable a single DVD drive in a virtual machine. If
     431        it was enabled, then it would always be visible as the secondary
     432        master of the IDE controller. With &product-name; 3.1, DVD
     433        drives can be attached to arbitrary slots of arbitrary
     434        controllers, so they could be the secondary slave of an IDE
     435        controller or in a SATA slot. If you have a machine settings
     436        file from an earlier version and upgrade &product-name; to 3.1
     437        and then move the DVD drive from its default position, this
     438        cannot be expressed in the old settings format; the XML machine
     439        file would get written in the new format, and a backup file of
     440        the old format would be kept.
     441      </para>
     442
     443      <para>
     444        In such cases, &product-name; backs up the old settings file in
     445        the virtual machine's configuration directory. If you need to go
     446        back to the earlier version of &product-name;, then you will
     447        need to manually copy these backup files back.
    391448      </para>
    392449
    393450      <para>
    394451        We intentionally do not document the specifications of the
    395         VirtualBox XML files, as we must reserve the right to modify
     452        &product-name; XML files, as we must reserve the right to modify
    396453        them in the future. We therefore strongly suggest that you do
    397         not edit these files manually. VirtualBox provides complete
     454        not edit these files manually. &product-name; provides complete
    398455        access to its configuration data through its the
    399         <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput> command line tool,
    400         see <xref linkend="vboxmanage" /> and its API, see
    401         <xref
    402       linkend="VirtualBoxAPI" />.
     456        <command>VBoxManage</command> command line tool, see
     457        <xref linkend="vboxmanage" /> and its API, see
     458        <xref linkend="VirtualBoxAPI" />.
    403459      </para>
    404460
     
    409465  <sect1 id="technical-components">
    410466
    411     <title>VirtualBox Executables and Components</title>
    412 
    413     <para>
    414       VirtualBox was designed to be modular and flexible. When the
    415       VirtualBox graphical user interface (GUI) is opened and a VM is
    416       started, at least the following three processes are running:
     467    <title>&product-name; Executables and Components</title>
     468
     469    <para>
     470      &product-name; was designed to be modular and flexible. When the
     471      &product-name; graphical user interface (GUI) is opened and a VM
     472      is started, at least the following three processes are running:
    417473    </para>
    418474
     
    421477      <listitem>
    422478        <para>
    423           <computeroutput>VBoxSVC</computeroutput>, the VirtualBox
     479          <computeroutput>VBoxSVC</computeroutput>, the &product-name;
    424480          service process which always runs in the background. This
    425           process is started automatically by the first VirtualBox
     481          process is started automatically by the first &product-name;
    426482          client process and exits a short time after the last client
    427           exits. The first VirtualBox service can be the GUI,
     483          exits. The first &product-name; service can be the GUI,
    428484          <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput>,
    429485          <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput>, the web service
    430486          amongst others. The service is responsible for bookkeeping,
    431487          maintaining the state of all VMs, and for providing
    432           communication between VirtualBox components. This
    433           communication is implemented via COM/XPCOM.
     488          communication between &product-name; components. This
     489          communication is implemented using COM/XPCOM.
    434490        </para>
    435491
    436492        <note>
    437493          <para>
    438             When we refer to "clients" here, we mean the local clients
    439             of a particular <computeroutput>VBoxSVC</computeroutput>
    440             server process, not clients in a network. VirtualBox employs
    441             its own client/server design to allow its processes to
    442             cooperate, but all these processes run under the same user
    443             account on the host operating system, and this is totally
    444             transparent to the user.
     494            When we refer to <emphasis>clients</emphasis> here, we mean
     495            the local clients of a particular
     496            <computeroutput>VBoxSVC</computeroutput> server process, not
     497            clients in a network. &product-name; employs its own
     498            client/server design to allow its processes to cooperate,
     499            but all these processes run under the same user account on
     500            the host operating system, and this is totally transparent
     501            to the user.
    445502          </para>
    446503        </note>
     
    449506      <listitem>
    450507        <para>
    451           The GUI process, <computeroutput>VirtualBox</computeroutput>,
    452           a client application based on the cross-platform Qt library.
    453           When started without the
    454           <computeroutput>--startvm</computeroutput> option, this
    455           application acts as the VirtualBox manager, displaying the VMs
    456           and their settings. It then communicates settings and state
    457           changes to <computeroutput>VBoxSVC</computeroutput> and also
    458           reflects changes effected through other means, such as
    459           <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput>.
    460         </para>
    461       </listitem>
    462 
    463       <listitem>
    464         <para>
    465           If the <computeroutput>VirtualBox</computeroutput> client
     508          The GUI process,
     509          <computeroutput>VirtualBoxVM</computeroutput>, a client
     510          application based on the cross-platform Qt library. When
     511          started without the <computeroutput>--startvm</computeroutput>
     512          option, this application acts as the &product-name; manager,
     513          displaying the VMs and their settings. It then communicates
     514          settings and state changes to
     515          <computeroutput>VBoxSVC</computeroutput> and also reflects
     516          changes effected through other means, such as the
     517          <command>VBoxManage</command> command.
     518        </para>
     519      </listitem>
     520
     521      <listitem>
     522        <para>
     523          If the <computeroutput>VirtualBoxVM</computeroutput> client
    466524          application is started with the
    467525          <computeroutput>--startvm</computeroutput> argument, it loads
     
    475533
    476534    <para>
    477       Any VirtualBox front-end, or client, will communicate with the
     535      Any &product-name; front-end, or client, will communicate with the
    478536      service process and can both control and reflect the current
    479537      state. For example, either the VM selector or the VM window or
     
    483541
    484542    <para>
    485       The VirtualBox GUI application is only one of several available
    486       front ends, or clients. The complete list shipped with VirtualBox
    487       is as follows:
     543      The &product-name; GUI application is only one of several
     544      available front ends, or clients. The complete list shipped with
     545      &product-name; is as follows:
    488546    </para>
    489547
     
    492550      <listitem>
    493551        <para>
    494           <computeroutput>VirtualBox</computeroutput>: The Qt front end
    495           implementing the manager and running VMs.
     552          <computeroutput>VirtualBoxVM</computeroutput>: The Qt front
     553          end implementing the manager and running VMs.
    496554        </para>
    497555      </listitem>
     
    501559          <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput>: A less
    502560          user-friendly but more powerful alternative. See
    503           <xref
    504           linkend="vboxmanage" />.
    505         </para>
    506       </listitem>
    507 
    508       <listitem>
    509         <para>
    510           <computeroutput>VBoxSDL</computeroutput>: A simple graphical
    511           front end based on the SDL library. See
    512           <xref
    513           linkend="vboxsdl" />.
     561          <xref linkend="vboxmanage" />.
    514562        </para>
    515563      </listitem>
     
    518566        <para>
    519567          <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput>: A VM front end
    520           which does not directly provide any video output and
    521           keyboard/mouse input, but allows redirection via VirtualBox
     568          which does not directly provide any video output and keyboard
     569          or mouse input, but enables redirection through the VirtualBox
    522570          Remote Desktop Extension. See <xref linkend="vboxheadless" />.
    523571        </para>
     
    526574      <listitem>
    527575        <para>
    528           <computeroutput>vboxwebsrv</computeroutput>: The VirtualBox
    529           web service process which allows for controlling a VirtualBox
    530           host remotely. This is described in detail in the VirtualBox
    531           Software Development Kit (SDK) reference. See
    532           <xref
    533           linkend="VirtualBoxAPI" />.
    534         </para>
    535       </listitem>
    536 
    537       <listitem>
    538         <para>
    539           The VirtualBox Python shell: A Python alternative to
    540           VBoxManage. This is also described in the SDK reference.
     576          <computeroutput>vboxwebsrv</computeroutput>: The
     577          &product-name; web service process which enables control of an
     578          &product-name; host remotely. This is described in detail in
     579          the &product-name; Software Development Kit (SDK) reference.
     580          See <xref linkend="VirtualBoxAPI" />.
     581        </para>
     582      </listitem>
     583
     584      <listitem>
     585        <para>
     586          The &product-name; Python shell: A Python alternative to
     587          <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput>. This is also
     588          described in the SDK reference.
    541589        </para>
    542590      </listitem>
     
    545593
    546594    <para>
    547       Internally, VirtualBox consists of many more or less separate
    548       components. You may encounter these when analyzing VirtualBox
     595      Internally, &product-name; consists of many more or less separate
     596      components. You may encounter these when analyzing &product-name;
    549597      internal error messages or log files. These include the following:
    550598    </para>
     
    555603        <para>
    556604          IPRT: A portable runtime library which abstracts file access,
    557           threading, and string manipulation. Whenever VirtualBox
     605          threading, and string manipulation. Whenever &product-name;
    558606          accesses host operating features, it does so through this
    559607          library for cross-platform portability.
     
    607655          implementations from VMM internals and makes it easy to add
    608656          new emulated devices. Through PDM, third-party developers can
    609           add new virtual devices to VirtualBox without having to change
    610           VirtualBox itself.
     657          add new virtual devices to &product-name; without having to
     658          change &product-name; itself.
    611659        </para>
    612660      </listitem>
     
    662710      <listitem>
    663711        <para>
    664           VirtualBox emulates a number of devices to provide the
     712          &product-name; emulates a number of devices to provide the
    665713          hardware environment that various guests need. Most of these
    666714          are standard devices found in many PC compatible machines and
     
    676724          Guest Additions for various guest operating systems. This is
    677725          code that is installed from within a virtual machine. See
    678           <xref
    679         linkend="guestadditions" />.
     726          <xref linkend="guestadditions" />.
    680727        </para>
    681728      </listitem>
     
    684731        <para>
    685732          The "Main" component is special. It ties all the above bits
    686           together and is the only public API that VirtualBox provides.
    687           All the client processes listed above use only this API and
    688           never access the hypervisor components directly. As a result,
    689           third-party applications that use the VirtualBox Main API can
    690           rely on the fact that it is always well-tested and that all
    691           capabilities of VirtualBox are fully exposed. It is this API
    692           that is described in the VirtualBox SDK. See
    693           <xref linkend="VirtualBoxAPI" />.
     733          together and is the only public API that &product-name;
     734          provides. All the client processes listed above use only this
     735          API and never access the hypervisor components directly. As a
     736          result, third-party applications that use the &product-name;
     737          Main API can rely on the fact that it is always well-tested
     738          and that all capabilities of &product-name; are fully exposed.
     739          It is this API that is described in the &product-name; SDK.
     740          See <xref linkend="VirtualBoxAPI" />.
    694741        </para>
    695742      </listitem>
     
    704751
    705752    <para>
    706       VirtualBox allows software in the virtual machine to run directly
    707       on the processor of the host, but an array of complex techniques
    708       is employed to intercept operations that would interfere with your
    709       host. Whenever the guest attempts to do something that could be
    710       harmful to your computer and its data, VirtualBox steps in and
    711       takes action. In particular, for lots of hardware that the guest
    712       believes to be accessing, VirtualBox simulates a certain "virtual"
    713       environment according to how you have configured a virtual
    714       machine. For example, when the guest attempts to access a hard
    715       disk, VirtualBox redirects these requests to whatever you have
    716       configured to be the virtual machine's virtual hard disk. This is
    717       normally an image file on your host.
     753      &product-name; enables software in the virtual machine to run
     754      directly on the processor of the host, but an array of complex
     755      techniques is employed to intercept operations that would
     756      interfere with your host. Whenever the guest attempts to do
     757      something that could be harmful to your computer and its data,
     758      &product-name; steps in and takes action. In particular, for lots
     759      of hardware that the guest believes to be accessing,
     760      &product-name; simulates a certain "virtual" environment according
     761      to how you have configured a virtual machine. For example, when
     762      the guest attempts to access a hard disk, &product-name; redirects
     763      these requests to whatever you have configured to be the virtual
     764      machine's virtual hard disk. This is normally an image file on
     765      your host.
    718766    </para>
    719767
    720768    <para>
    721769      Unfortunately, the x86 platform was never designed to be
    722       virtualized. Detecting situations in which VirtualBox needs to
     770      virtualized. Detecting situations in which &product-name; needs to
    723771      take control over the guest code that is executing, as described
    724772      above, is difficult. There are two ways in which to achieve this:
     
    731779          Since 2006, Intel and AMD processors have had support for
    732780          so-called <emphasis>hardware virtualization</emphasis>. This
    733           means that these processors can help VirtualBox to intercept
    734           potentially dangerous operations that a guest operating system
    735           may be attempting and also makes it easier to present virtual
    736           hardware to a virtual machine.
     781          means that these processors can help &product-name; to
     782          intercept potentially dangerous operations that a guest
     783          operating system may be attempting and also makes it easier to
     784          present virtual hardware to a virtual machine.
    737785        </para>
    738786
     
    747795          <para>
    748796            On many systems, the hardware virtualization features first
    749             need to be enabled in the BIOS before VirtualBox can use
     797            need to be enabled in the BIOS before &product-name; can use
    750798            them.
    751799          </para>
     
    756804        <para>
    757805          As opposed to other virtualization software, for many usage
    758           scenarios, VirtualBox does not <emphasis>require</emphasis>
    759           hardware virtualization features to be present. Through
    760           sophisticated techniques, VirtualBox virtualizes many guest
    761           operating systems entirely in <emphasis>software</emphasis>.
    762           This means that you can run virtual machines even on older
    763           processors which do not support hardware virtualization.
     806          scenarios, &product-name; does not
     807          <emphasis>require</emphasis> hardware virtualization features
     808          to be present. Through sophisticated techniques,
     809          &product-name; virtualizes many guest operating systems
     810          entirely in <emphasis>software</emphasis>. This means that you
     811          can run virtual machines even on older processors which do not
     812          support hardware virtualization.
    764813        </para>
    765814      </listitem>
     
    768817
    769818    <para>
    770       Even though VirtualBox does not always require hardware
     819      Even though &product-name; does not always require hardware
    771820      virtualization, enabling it is <emphasis>required</emphasis> in
    772821      the following scenarios:
     
    787836      <listitem>
    788837        <para>
    789           VirtualBox's 64-bit guest support (added with version 2.0) and
    790           multiprocessing (SMP, added with version 3.0) both require
    791           hardware virtualization to be enabled. This is not much of a
    792           limitation since the vast majority of today's 64-bit and
    793           multicore CPUs ship with hardware virtualization anyway. The
    794           exceptions to this rule are older Intel Celeron and AMD
     838          &product-name;'s 64-bit guest support, added with version 2.0,
     839          and multiprocessing (SMP), added with version 3.0, both
     840          require hardware virtualization to be enabled. This is not
     841          much of a limitation since the vast majority of today's 64-bit
     842          and multicore CPUs ship with hardware virtualization anyway.
     843          The exceptions to this rule are older Intel Celeron and AMD
    795844          Opteron CPUs, for example.
    796845        </para>
     
    802851      <para>
    803852        Do not run other hypervisors, either open source or commercial
    804         virtualization products, together with VirtualBox. While several
    805         hypervisors can normally be <emphasis>installed</emphasis> in
    806         parallel, do not attempt to <emphasis>run</emphasis> several
    807         virtual machines from competing hypervisors at the same time.
    808         VirtualBox cannot track what another hypervisor is currently
    809         attempting to do on the same host, and especially if several
    810         products attempt to use hardware virtualization features such as
    811         VT-x, this can crash the entire host. Also, within VirtualBox,
    812         you can mix software and hardware virtualization when running
    813         multiple VMs. In certain cases a small performance penalty will
    814         be unavoidable when mixing VT-x and software virtualization VMs.
    815         We recommend not mixing virtualization modes if maximum
    816         performance and low overhead are essential. This does
    817         <emphasis>not</emphasis> apply to AMD-V.
     853        virtualization products, together with &product-name;. While
     854        several hypervisors can normally be
     855        <emphasis>installed</emphasis> in parallel, do not attempt to
     856        <emphasis>run</emphasis> several virtual machines from competing
     857        hypervisors at the same time. &product-name; cannot track what
     858        another hypervisor is currently attempting to do on the same
     859        host, and especially if several products attempt to use hardware
     860        virtualization features such as VT-x, this can crash the entire
     861        host. Also, within &product-name;, you can mix software and
     862        hardware virtualization when running multiple VMs. In certain
     863        cases a small performance penalty will be unavoidable when
     864        mixing VT-x and software virtualization VMs. We recommend not
     865        mixing virtualization modes if maximum performance and low
     866        overhead are essential. This does <emphasis>not</emphasis> apply
     867        to AMD-V.
    818868      </para>
    819869    </warning>
     
    826876
    827877    <para>
    828       VirtualBox allows exposing a paravirtualization interface to
    829       facilitate accurate and efficient execution of software within a
    830       virtual machine. These interfaces require the guest operating
    831       system to recognize their presence and make use of them in order
    832       to leverage the benefits of communicating with the VirtualBox
    833       hypervisor.
     878      &product-name; enables the exposure of a paravirtualization
     879      interface, to facilitate accurate and efficient execution of
     880      software within a virtual machine. These interfaces require the
     881      guest operating system to recognize their presence and make use of
     882      them in order to leverage the benefits of communicating with the
     883      &product-name; hypervisor.
    834884    </para>
    835885
     
    847897      the <emphasis>Hyper-V</emphasis> paravirtualization provider can
    848898      be used for VMs to run on any host platform supported by
    849       VirtualBox and not just Windows.
    850     </para>
    851 
    852     <para>
    853       VirtualBox provides the following interfaces:
     899      &product-name; and not just Windows.
     900    </para>
     901
     902    <para>
     903      &product-name; provides the following interfaces:
    854904    </para>
    855905
     
    869919          <emphasis role="bold">KVM</emphasis>: Presents a Linux KVM
    870920          hypervisor interface which is recognized by Linux kernels
    871           starting with version 2.6.25. VirtualBox's implementation
     921          version 2.6.25 or later. &product-name;'s implementation
    872922          currently supports paravirtualized clocks and SMP spinlocks.
    873923          This provider is recommended for Linux guests.
     
    879929          <emphasis role="bold">Hyper-V</emphasis>: Presents a Microsoft
    880930          Hyper-V hypervisor interface which is recognized by Windows 7
    881           and newer operating systems. VirtualBox's implementation
     931          and newer operating systems. &product-name;'s implementation
    882932          currently supports paravirtualized clocks, APIC frequency
    883933          reporting, guest debugging, guest crash reporting and relaxed
     
    908958      in the 1980s with the 286 CPU architecture and then again with the
    909959      Intel 386 and its 32-bit architecture. Whereas the 386 did have
    910       limited virtualization support for real mode operation (V86 mode,
    911       as used by the "DOS Box" of Windows 3.x and OS/2 2.x), no support
    912       was provided for virtualizing the entire architecture.
     960      limited virtualization support for real mode operation with V86
     961      mode, as used by the "DOS Box" of Windows 3.x and OS/2 2.x, no
     962      support was provided for virtualizing the entire architecture.
    913963    </para>
    914964
     
    944994      to either modify or see the true state of the CPU, and only then
    945995      executed. This process is obviously highly complex and costly in
    946       terms of performance. VirtualBox contains a recompiler based on
    947       QEMU which can be used for pure software emulation, but the
     996      terms of performance. &product-name; contains a recompiler based
     997      on QEMU which can be used for pure software emulation, but the
    948998      recompiler is only activated in special situations, described
    949999      below.
     
    9621012
    9631013    <para>
    964       VirtualBox chooses a different approach. When starting a virtual
    965       machine, through its ring-0 support kernel driver, VirtualBox has
    966       set up the host system so that it can run most of the guest code
    967       natively, but it has inserted itself at the "bottom" of the
    968       picture. It can then assume control when needed. If a privileged
    969       instruction is executed, the guest traps, in particular because an
    970       I/O register was accessed and a device needs to be virtualized, or
    971       external interrupts occur. VirtualBox may then handle this and
    972       either route a request to a virtual device or possibly delegate
    973       handling such things to the guest or host OS. In guest context,
    974       VirtualBox can therefore be in one of three states:
     1014      &product-name; chooses a different approach. When starting a
     1015      virtual machine, through its ring-0 support kernel driver,
     1016      &product-name; has set up the host system so that it can run most
     1017      of the guest code natively, but it has inserted itself at the
     1018      "bottom" of the picture. It can then assume control when needed.
     1019      If a privileged instruction is executed, the guest traps, in
     1020      particular because an I/O register was accessed and a device needs
     1021      to be virtualized, or external interrupts occur. &product-name;
     1022      may then handle this and either route a request to a virtual
     1023      device or possibly delegate handling such things to the guest or
     1024      host OS. In guest context, &product-name; can therefore be in one
     1025      of three states:
    9751026    </para>
    9761027
     
    9901041      <listitem>
    9911042        <para>
    992           For guest code in ring 0, VirtualBox employs a clever trick.
    993           It actually reconfigures the guest so that its ring-0 code is
    994           run in ring 1 instead, which is normally not used in x86
    995           operating systems). As a result, when guest ring-0 code,
     1043          For guest code in ring 0, &product-name; employs a clever
     1044          trick. It actually reconfigures the guest so that its ring-0
     1045          code is run in ring 1 instead, which is normally not used in
     1046          x86 operating systems). As a result, when guest ring-0 code,
    9961047          actually running n ring 1, such as a guest device driver
    9971048          attempts to write to an I/O register or execute a privileged
    998           instruction, the VirtualBox hypervisor in the "real" ring 0
    999           can take over.
     1049          instruction, the &product-name; hypervisor in the "real" ring
     1050          0 can take over.
    10001051        </para>
    10011052      </listitem>
     
    10041055        <para>
    10051056          The hypervisor (VMM) can be active. Every time a fault occurs,
    1006           VirtualBox looks at the offending instruction and can relegate
    1007           it to a virtual device or the host OS or the guest OS or run
    1008           it in the recompiler.
     1057          &product-name; looks at the offending instruction and can
     1058          relegate it to a virtual device or the host OS or the guest OS
     1059          or run it in the recompiler.
    10091060        </para>
    10101061
    10111062        <para>
    10121063          In particular, the recompiler is used when guest code disables
    1013           interrupts and VirtualBox cannot figure out when they will be
    1014           switched back on. In these situations, VirtualBox actually
    1015           analyzes the guest code using its own disassembler. Also,
    1016           certain privileged instructions such as LIDT need to be
     1064          interrupts and &product-name; cannot figure out when they will
     1065          be switched back on. In these situations, &product-name;
     1066          actually analyzes the guest code using its own disassembler.
     1067          Also, certain privileged instructions such as LIDT need to be
    10171068          handled specially. Finally, any real-mode or protected-mode
    10181069          code, such as BIOS code, a DOS guest, or any operating system
     
    10901141          register in 32-bit mode. Accesses to this register must be
    10911142          trapped by the hypervisor. But certain guest operating
    1092           systems, notably Windows and Solaris, write this register very
    1093           often, which adversely affects virtualization performance.
     1143          systems, notably Windows and Oracle Solaris, write this
     1144          register very often, which adversely affects virtualization
     1145          performance.
    10941146        </para>
    10951147      </listitem>
     
    10981150
    10991151    <para>
    1100       To fix these performance and security issues, VirtualBox contains
    1101       a Code Scanning and Analysis Manager (CSAM), which disassembles
    1102       guest code, and the Patch Manager (PATM), which can replace it at
    1103       runtime.
     1152      To fix these performance and security issues, &product-name;
     1153      contains a Code Scanning and Analysis Manager (CSAM), which
     1154      disassembles guest code, and the Patch Manager (PATM), which can
     1155      replace it at runtime.
    11041156    </para>
    11051157
     
    11171169
    11181170    <para>
    1119       In addition, every time a fault occurs, VirtualBox analyzes the
    1120       offending code to determine if it is possible to patch it in order
    1121       to prevent it from causing more faults in the future. This
     1171      In addition, every time a fault occurs, &product-name; analyzes
     1172      the offending code to determine if it is possible to patch it in
     1173      order to prevent it from causing more faults in the future. This
    11221174      approach works well in practice and dramatically improves software
    11231175      virtualization performance.
     
    12331285      In addition to normal hardware virtualization, your processor may
    12341286      also support the following additional sophisticated techniques:
    1235 
    1236       <footnote>
    1237 
    1238         <para>
    1239           VirtualBox 2.0 added support for AMD's nested paging; support
    1240           for Intel's EPT and VPIDs was added with version 2.1.
    1241         </para>
    1242 
    1243       </footnote>
    12441287    </para>
    12451288
     
    12481291      <listitem>
    12491292        <para>
    1250           A newer feature called <emphasis>nested paging</emphasis>
    1251           implements some memory management in hardware, which can
    1252           greatly accelerate hardware virtualization since these tasks
    1253           no longer need to be performed by the virtualization software.
     1293          Nested paging implements some memory management in hardware,
     1294          which can greatly accelerate hardware virtualization since
     1295          these tasks no longer need to be performed by the
     1296          virtualization software.
    12541297        </para>
    12551298
     
    12751318        <para>
    12761319          On AMD processors, nested paging has been available starting
    1277           with the Barcelona (K10) architecture. They now call it "rapid
    1278           virtualization indexing" (RVI). Intel added support for nested
     1320          with the Barcelona (K10) architecture. They now call it rapid
     1321          virtualization indexing (RVI). Intel added support for nested
    12791322          paging, which they call extended page tables (EPT), with their
    12801323          Core i7 (Nehalem) processors.
     
    12821325
    12831326        <para>
    1284           If nested paging is enabled, the VirtualBox hypervisor can
    1285           also use <emphasis role="bold">large pages</emphasis> to
    1286           reduce TLB usage and overhead. This can yield a performance
    1287           improvement of up to 5%. To enable this feature for a VM, you
    1288           need to use the <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm
     1327          If nested paging is enabled, the &product-name; hypervisor can
     1328          also use <emphasis>large pages</emphasis> to reduce TLB usage
     1329          and overhead. This can yield a performance improvement of up
     1330          to 5%. To enable this feature for a VM, you need to use the
     1331          <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm
    12891332          </computeroutput><computeroutput>--largepages</computeroutput>
    12901333          command. See <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" />.
     
    12941337      <listitem>
    12951338        <para>
    1296           On Intel CPUs, another hardware feature called Virtual
    1297           Processor Identifiers" (VPIDs) can greatly accelerate context
    1298           switching by reducing the need for expensive flushing of the
    1299           processor's Translation Lookaside Buffers (TLBs).
     1339          On Intel CPUs, a hardware feature called Virtual Processor
     1340          Identifiers (VPIDs) can greatly accelerate context switching
     1341          by reducing the need for expensive flushing of the processor's
     1342          Translation Lookaside Buffers (TLBs).
    13001343        </para>
    13011344
     
    13041347          <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm --vtxvpid</computeroutput>
    13051348          and <computeroutput>--largepages</computeroutput> commands.
    1306           See <xref
    1307           linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" />.
     1349          See <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" />.
    13081350        </para>
    13091351      </listitem>
  • trunk/doc/manual/en_US/user_ThirdParty.xml

    r73278 r76078  
    55%all.entities;
    66]>
    7 
    87<appendix id="ThirdParty">
     8
    99  <title>Third-Party Materials and Licenses</title>
    1010
    11   <para>VirtualBox incorporates materials from several Open Source software
    12   projects. Therefore the use of these materials by VirtualBox is governed by
    13   different Open Source licenses. This document reproduces these licenses and
    14   provides a list of the materials used and their respective licensing
    15   conditions. Section 1 contains a list of the materials used. Section 2
    16   reproduces the applicable Open Source licenses. For each material, a
    17   reference to its license is provided.</para>
    18 
    19   <para>The source code for the materials listed below as well as the rest of
    20   the VirtualBox code which is released as open source are available at <ulink
    21   url="http://www.virtualbox.org">http://www.virtualbox.org</ulink>, both as
    22   tarballs for particular releases and as a live SVN repository.</para>
     11  <para>
     12    &product-name; incorporates materials from several Open Source
     13    software projects. Therefore the use of these materials by
     14    &product-name; is governed by different Open Source licenses. This
     15    document reproduces these licenses and provides a list of the
     16    materials used and their respective licensing conditions. Section 1
     17    contains a list of the materials used. Section 2 reproduces the
     18    applicable Open Source licenses. For each material, a reference to
     19    its license is provided.
     20  </para>
     21
     22  <para>
     23    The source code for the materials listed below as well as the rest
     24    of the &product-name; code which is released as open source are
     25    available at
     26    <ulink
     27  url="http://www.virtualbox.org">http://www.virtualbox.org</ulink>,
     28    both as tarballs for particular releases and as a live SVN
     29    repository.
     30  </para>
    2331
    2432  <sect1 id="third-party-materials">
     33
    2534    <title>Third-Party Materials</title>
    2635
    2736    <itemizedlist>
     37
    2838      <listitem>
    29         <para>VirtualBox contains portions of QEMU which is governed by the
    30         licenses in <xref linkend="licX11" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
    31         <xref linkend="licLGPL" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and</para>
    32 
    33         <para>(C) 2003-2005 Fabrice Bellard; Copyright (C) 2004-2005 Vassili
    34         Karpov (malc); Copyright (c) 2004 Antony T Curtis; Copyright (C) 2003
    35         Jocelyn Mayer</para>
     39        <para>
     40          &product-name; contains portions of QEMU which is governed by
     41          the licenses in
     42          <xref linkend="licX11" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
     43          <xref linkend="licLGPL" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
     44        </para>
     45
     46        <para>
     47          (C) 2003-2005 Fabrice Bellard; Copyright (C) 2004-2005 Vassili
     48          Karpov (malc); Copyright (c) 2004 Antony T Curtis; Copyright
     49          (C) 2003 Jocelyn Mayer
     50        </para>
    3651      </listitem>
    3752
    3853      <listitem>
    39         <para>VirtualBox contains code which is governed by the license in
    40         <xref linkend="licX11" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and</para>
    41 
    42         <para>Copyright 2004 by the Massachusetts Institute of
    43         Technology.</para>
     54        <para>
     55          &product-name; contains code which is governed by the license
     56          in <xref linkend="licX11" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
     57        </para>
     58
     59        <para>
     60          Copyright 2004 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
     61        </para>
    4462      </listitem>
    4563
    4664      <listitem>
    47         <para>VirtualBox contains code of the BOCHS VGA BIOS which is governed
    48         by the license in <xref linkend="licLGPL" xrefstyle="template: %n" />
    49         and</para>
    50 
    51         <para>Copyright (C) 2001, 2002 the LGPL VGABios developers
    52         Team.</para>
     65        <para>
     66          &product-name; contains code of the BOCHS VGA BIOS which is
     67          governed by the license in
     68          <xref linkend="licLGPL" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
     69        </para>
     70
     71        <para>
     72          Copyright (C) 2001, 2002 the LGPL VGABios developers Team.
     73        </para>
    5374      </listitem>
    5475
    5576      <listitem>
    56         <para>VirtualBox contains code of the BOCHS ROM BIOS which is governed
    57         by the license in <xref linkend="licLGPL" xrefstyle="template: %n" />
    58         and</para>
    59 
    60         <para>Copyright (C) 2002 MandrakeSoft S.A.; Copyright (C) 2004 Fabrice
    61         Bellard; Copyright (C) 2005 Struan Bartlett.</para>
     77        <para>
     78          &product-name; contains code of the BOCHS ROM BIOS which is
     79          governed by the license in
     80          <xref linkend="licLGPL" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
     81        </para>
     82
     83        <para>
     84          Copyright (C) 2002 MandrakeSoft S.A.; Copyright (C) 2004
     85          Fabrice Bellard; Copyright (C) 2005 Struan Bartlett.
     86        </para>
    6287      </listitem>
    6388
    6489      <listitem>
    65         <para>VirtualBox contains the zlib library which is governed by the
    66         license in <xref linkend="licZLIB" xrefstyle="template: %n" />
    67         and</para>
    68 
    69         <para>Copyright (C) 1995-2003 Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler.</para>
     90        <para>
     91          &product-name; contains the zlib library which is governed by
     92          the license in
     93          <xref linkend="licZLIB" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
     94        </para>
     95
     96        <para>
     97          Copyright (C) 1995-2003 Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler.
     98        </para>
    7099      </listitem>
    71100
    72101      <listitem>
    73         <para>VirtualBox may contain OpenSSL which is governed by the license
    74         in <xref linkend="licSSL" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and</para>
    75 
    76         <para>Copyright (C) 1995-1998 Eric Young ([email protected]). This
    77         product includes software written by Tim Hudson
    78         ([email protected]).</para>
     102        <para>
     103          &product-name; may contain OpenSSL which is governed by the
     104          license in <xref linkend="licSSL" xrefstyle="template: %n" />
     105          and
     106        </para>
     107
     108        <para>
     109          Copyright (C) 1995-1998 Eric Young ([email protected]). This
     110          product includes software written by Tim Hudson
     111          ([email protected]).
     112        </para>
    79113      </listitem>
    80114
    81115      <listitem>
    82         <para>VirtualBox may contain NSPR and XPCOM which is governed by the
    83         license in <xref linkend="licMPL" xrefstyle="template: %n" />
    84         and</para>
    85 
    86         <para>Copyright (C) The Authors.</para>
     116        <para>
     117          &product-name; may contain NSPR and XPCOM which is governed by
     118          the license in
     119          <xref linkend="licMPL" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
     120        </para>
     121
     122        <para>
     123          Copyright (C) The Authors.
     124        </para>
    87125      </listitem>
    88126
    89127      <listitem>
    90         <para>VirtualBox contains Slirp which is governed by the license in
    91         <xref linkend="licSlirp" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and was written
    92         by Danny Gasparovski.</para>
    93 
    94         <para>Copyright (C) 1995, 1996 All Rights Reserved.</para>
     128        <para>
     129          &product-name; contains Slirp which is governed by the license
     130          in <xref linkend="licSlirp" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
     131          was written by Danny Gasparovski.
     132        </para>
     133
     134        <para>
     135          Copyright (C) 1995, 1996 All Rights Reserved.
     136        </para>
    95137      </listitem>
    96138
    97139      <listitem>
    98         <para>VirtualBox contains liblzf which is governed by the license in
    99         <xref linkend="licLZF" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and</para>
    100 
    101         <para>Copyright (C) 2000-2005 Marc Alexander Lehmann
    102         &lt;[email protected]&gt;</para>
     140        <para>
     141          &product-name; contains liblzf which is governed by the
     142          license in <xref linkend="licLZF" xrefstyle="template: %n" />
     143          and
     144        </para>
     145
     146        <para>
     147          Copyright (C) 2000-2005 Marc Alexander Lehmann
     148          &lt;[email protected]&gt;
     149        </para>
    103150      </listitem>
    104151
    105152      <listitem>
    106         <para>VirtualBox may ship with a modified copy of rdesktop which is
    107         governed by the license in <xref linkend="licGPL"
    108         xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and</para>
    109 
    110         <para>Copyright (C) Matthew Chapman and others.</para>
     153        <para>
     154          &product-name; may ship with a modified copy of rdesktop which
     155          is governed by the license in
     156          <xref linkend="licGPL"
     157        xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
     158        </para>
     159
     160        <para>
     161          Copyright (C) Matthew Chapman and others.
     162        </para>
    111163      </listitem>
    112164
    113165      <listitem>
    114         <para>VirtualBox may ship with a copy of kchmviewer which is governed
    115         by the license in <xref linkend="licGPL" xrefstyle="template: %n" />
    116         and</para>
    117 
    118         <para>Copyright (C) George Yunaev and others.</para>
     166        <para>
     167          &product-name; may ship with a copy of kchmviewer which is
     168          governed by the license in
     169          <xref linkend="licGPL" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
     170        </para>
     171
     172        <para>
     173          Copyright (C) George Yunaev and others.
     174        </para>
    119175      </listitem>
    120176
    121177      <listitem>
    122         <para>VirtualBox may contain Etherboot which is governed by the
    123         license in <xref linkend="licGPL" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> with the
    124         exception that aggregating Etherboot with another work does not
    125         require the other work to be released under the same license (see
    126         <literal><ulink
    127         url="http://etherboot.sourceforge.net/clinks.html">http://etherboot.sourceforge.net/clinks.html</ulink></literal>).
    128         Etherboot is</para>
    129 
    130         <para>Copyright (C) Etherboot team.</para>
     178        <para>
     179          &product-name; may contain Etherboot which is governed by the
     180          license in <xref linkend="licGPL" xrefstyle="template: %n" />
     181          with the exception that aggregating Etherboot with another
     182          work does not require the other work to be released under the
     183          same license (see
     184          <ulink
     185        url="http://etherboot.sourceforge.net/clinks.html">http://etherboot.sourceforge.net/clinks.html</ulink>).
     186          Etherboot is
     187        </para>
     188
     189        <para>
     190          Copyright (C) Etherboot team.
     191        </para>
    131192      </listitem>
    132193
    133194      <listitem>
    134         <para>VirtualBox may contain iPXE which is governed by the license
    135           in <xref linkend="licGPL" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and</para>
    136         <para>Copyright (C) Michael Brown &lt;[email protected]&gt;
    137           and others.</para>
     195        <para>
     196          &product-name; may contain iPXE which is governed by the
     197          license in <xref linkend="licGPL" xrefstyle="template: %n" />
     198          and
     199        </para>
     200
     201        <para>
     202          Copyright (C) Michael Brown &lt;[email protected]&gt;
     203          and others.
     204        </para>
    138205      </listitem>
    139206
    140207      <listitem>
    141         <para>VirtualBox contains code from Wine which is governed by the
    142         license in <xref linkend="licLGPL" xrefstyle="template: %n" />
    143         and</para>
    144 
    145         <para>Copyright 1993 Bob Amstadt, Copyright 1996 Albrecht Kleine,
    146         Copyright 1997 David Faure, Copyright 1998 Morten Welinder, Copyright
    147         1998 Ulrich Weigand, Copyright 1999 Ove Koven</para>
     208        <para>
     209          &product-name; contains code from Wine which is governed by
     210          the license in
     211          <xref linkend="licLGPL" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
     212        </para>
     213
     214        <para>
     215          Copyright 1993 Bob Amstadt, Copyright 1996 Albrecht Kleine,
     216          Copyright 1997 David Faure, Copyright 1998 Morten Welinder,
     217          Copyright 1998 Ulrich Weigand, Copyright 1999 Ove Koven
     218        </para>
    148219      </listitem>
    149220
    150221      <listitem>
    151         <para>VirtualBox contains code from lwIP which is governed by the
    152         license in <xref linkend="licLWIP" xrefstyle="template: %n" />
    153         and</para>
    154 
    155         <para>Copyright (C) 2001, 2002 Swedish Institute of Computer
    156         Science.</para>
     222        <para>
     223          &product-name; contains code from lwIP which is governed by
     224          the license in
     225          <xref linkend="licLWIP" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
     226        </para>
     227
     228        <para>
     229          Copyright (C) 2001, 2002 Swedish Institute of Computer
     230          Science.
     231        </para>
    157232      </listitem>
    158233
    159234      <listitem>
    160         <para>VirtualBox contains libxml which is governed by the license in
    161         <xref linkend="licLibXML" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and</para>
    162 
    163         <para>Copyright (C) 1998-2003 Daniel Veillard.</para>
     235        <para>
     236          &product-name; contains libxml which is governed by the
     237          license in
     238          <xref linkend="licLibXML" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
     239        </para>
     240
     241        <para>
     242          Copyright (C) 1998-2003 Daniel Veillard.
     243        </para>
    164244      </listitem>
    165245
    166246      <listitem>
    167         <para>VirtualBox contains libxslt which is governed by the license in
    168         <xref linkend="licLibXSLT" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and</para>
    169 
    170         <para>Copyright (C) 2001-2002 Daniel Veillard and Copyright (C)
    171         2001-2002 Thomas Broyer, Charlie Bozeman and Daniel Veillard.</para>
     247        <para>
     248          &product-name; contains libxslt which is governed by the
     249          license in
     250          <xref linkend="licLibXSLT" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
     251        </para>
     252
     253        <para>
     254          Copyright (C) 2001-2002 Daniel Veillard and Copyright (C)
     255          2001-2002 Thomas Broyer, Charlie Bozeman and Daniel Veillard.
     256        </para>
    172257      </listitem>
    173258
    174259      <listitem>
    175         <para>VirtualBox contains code from the gSOAP XML web services
    176         tools, which are licensed under the license in <xref
    177         linkend="licgSOAP" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and</para>
    178 
    179         <para>Copyright (C) 2000-2007, Robert van Engelen, Genivia Inc., and
    180         others.</para>
     260        <para>
     261          &product-name; contains code from the gSOAP XML web services
     262          tools, which are licensed under the license in
     263          <xref
     264        linkend="licgSOAP" xrefstyle="template: %n" />
     265          and
     266        </para>
     267
     268        <para>
     269          Copyright (C) 2000-2007, Robert van Engelen, Genivia Inc., and
     270          others.
     271        </para>
    181272      </listitem>
    182273
    183274      <listitem>
    184         <para>VirtualBox ships with the application tunctl (shipped as
    185         VBoxTunctl) from the User-mode Linux suite which is governed by the
    186         license in <xref linkend="licGPL" xrefstyle="template: %n" />
    187         and</para>
    188 
    189         <para>Copyright (C) 2002 Jeff Dike.</para>
     275        <para>
     276          &product-name; ships with the application tunctl (shipped as
     277          VBoxTunctl) from the User-mode Linux suite which is governed
     278          by the license in
     279          <xref linkend="licGPL" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
     280        </para>
     281
     282        <para>
     283          Copyright (C) 2002 Jeff Dike.
     284        </para>
    190285      </listitem>
    191286
    192287      <listitem>
    193         <para>VirtualBox contains code from Chromium, an OpenGL
    194         implementation, which is goverened by the licenses in <xref
    195         linkend="licChromium" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and</para>
    196 
    197         <para>Copyright (C) Stanford University, The Regents of the University
    198         of California, Red Hat, and others.</para>
     288        <para>
     289          &product-name; contains code from Chromium, an OpenGL
     290          implementation, which is goverened by the licenses in
     291          <xref
     292        linkend="licChromium" xrefstyle="template: %n" />
     293          and
     294        </para>
     295
     296        <para>
     297          Copyright (C) Stanford University, The Regents of the
     298          University of California, Red Hat, and others.
     299        </para>
    199300      </listitem>
    200301
    201302      <listitem>
    202         <para>VirtualBox contains libcurl which is governed by the license in
    203         <xref linkend="licLibCurl" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and</para>
    204 
    205         <para>Copyright (C) 1996-2009, Daniel Stenberg.</para>
     303        <para>
     304          &product-name; contains libcurl which is governed by the
     305          license in
     306          <xref linkend="licLibCurl" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
     307        </para>
     308
     309        <para>
     310          Copyright (C) 1996-2009, Daniel Stenberg.
     311        </para>
    206312      </listitem>
    207313
    208314      <listitem>
    209         <para>VirtualBox contains dnsproxy which is governed by the license in
    210         <xref linkend="licMIT" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and</para>
    211 
    212         <para>Copyright (c) 2003, 2004, 2005 Armin Wolfermann.</para>
     315        <para>
     316          &product-name; contains dnsproxy which is governed by the
     317          license in <xref linkend="licMIT" xrefstyle="template: %n" />
     318          and
     319        </para>
     320
     321        <para>
     322          Copyright (c) 2003, 2004, 2005 Armin Wolfermann.
     323        </para>
    213324      </listitem>
    214325
    215326      <listitem>
    216         <para>VirtualBox may contain iniparser which is governed by the
    217         license in <xref linkend="licMIT" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and</para>
    218 
    219         <para>Copyright (c) 2000-2008 by Nicolas Devillard.</para>
     327        <para>
     328          &product-name; may contain iniparser which is governed by the
     329          license in <xref linkend="licMIT" xrefstyle="template: %n" />
     330          and
     331        </para>
     332
     333        <para>
     334          Copyright (c) 2000-2008 by Nicolas Devillard.
     335        </para>
    220336      </listitem>
    221337
    222338      <listitem>
    223         <para>VirtualBox contains some code from libgd which is governed by
    224         the license in <xref linkend="licLibgd" xrefstyle="template: %n"/> and</para>
    225 
    226         <para>Copyright 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
    227         Pierre-Alain Joye ([email protected]).</para>
     339        <para>
     340          &product-name; contains some code from libgd which is governed
     341          by the license in
     342          <xref linkend="licLibgd" xrefstyle="template: %n"/> and
     343        </para>
     344
     345        <para>
     346          Copyright 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
     347          Pierre-Alain Joye ([email protected]).
     348        </para>
    228349      </listitem>
    229350
    230351      <listitem>
    231         <para>VirtualBox contains code from the EFI Development Kit II
     352        <para>
     353          &product-name; contains code from the EFI Development Kit II
    232354          which is governed by the license in
    233           <xref linkend="licBsdIntel" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and</para>
    234 
    235         <para>Copyright (c) 2004-2008, Intel Corporation.</para>
     355          <xref linkend="licBsdIntel" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
     356        </para>
     357
     358        <para>
     359          Copyright (c) 2004-2008, Intel Corporation.
     360        </para>
    236361      </listitem>
    237362
    238363      <listitem>
    239         <para>VirtualBox contains libjpeg which is governed by the
    240         license in <xref linkend="licJPEG" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and</para>
    241 
    242         <para>Copyright (C) 1991-2010, Thomas G. Lane, Guido Vollbeding.</para>
     364        <para>
     365          &product-name; contains libjpeg which is governed by the
     366          license in <xref linkend="licJPEG" xrefstyle="template: %n" />
     367          and
     368        </para>
     369
     370        <para>
     371          Copyright (C) 1991-2010, Thomas G. Lane, Guido Vollbeding.
     372        </para>
    243373      </listitem>
    244374
    245375      <listitem>
    246         <para>VirtualBox may contain x86 SIMD extension for IJG JPEG library
    247         which is governed by the license in <xref linkend="licJPEGSIMD"
    248         xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and</para>
    249 
    250         <para>Copyright 2009 Pierre Ossman &lt;[email protected]&gt; for Cendio AB;
    251         Copyright 2010 D. R. Commander; Copyright (C) 1999-2006, MIYASAKA Masaru.
     376        <para>
     377          &product-name; may contain x86 SIMD extension for IJG JPEG
     378          library which is governed by the license in
     379          <xref linkend="licJPEGSIMD"
     380        xrefstyle="template: %n" />
     381          and
     382        </para>
     383
     384        <para>
     385          Copyright 2009 Pierre Ossman &lt;[email protected]&gt; for
     386          Cendio AB; Copyright 2010 D. R. Commander; Copyright (C)
     387          1999-2006, MIYASAKA Masaru.
    252388        </para>
    253389      </listitem>
    254390
    255391      <listitem>
    256         <para>VirtualBox may ship a copy of Qt which is governed by the license in
    257           <xref linkend="licLGPL" xrefstyle="template: %n" />
    258         and</para>
    259 
    260         <para>Copyright (C) 2010, 2011 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies).</para>
     392        <para>
     393          &product-name; may ship a copy of Qt which is governed by the
     394          license in <xref linkend="licLGPL" xrefstyle="template: %n" />
     395          and
     396        </para>
     397
     398        <para>
     399          Copyright (C) 2010, 2011 Nokia Corporation and/or its
     400          subsidiary(-ies).
     401        </para>
    261402      </listitem>
    262403
    263404      <listitem>
    264         <para>VirtualBox contains parts of the FreeBSD kernel which is governed by
    265           the license in <xref linkend="licFreeBsd" xrefstyle="template: %n" />.
     405        <para>
     406          &product-name; contains parts of the FreeBSD kernel which is
     407          governed by the license in
     408          <xref linkend="licFreeBsd" xrefstyle="template: %n" />.
    266409        </para>
    267410      </listitem>
    268411
    269412      <listitem>
    270         <para>VirtualBox contains parts of the NetBSD kernel which is governed by
    271           the license in <xref linkend="licNetBsd" xrefstyle="template: %n" />.
     413        <para>
     414          &product-name; contains parts of the NetBSD kernel which is
     415          governed by the license in
     416          <xref linkend="licNetBsd" xrefstyle="template: %n" />.
    272417        </para>
    273418      </listitem>
    274419
    275420      <listitem>
    276         <para>VirtualBox contains portions of liblightdm-gobject which is governed by the
    277         license in <xref linkend="licLGPL" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and</para>
    278 
    279         <para>Copyright (C) 2010-2013 Canonical Ltd.; Copyright (C) 2010-2011 Robert Ancell.</para>
     421        <para>
     422          &product-name; contains portions of liblightdm-gobject which
     423          is governed by the license in
     424          <xref linkend="licLGPL" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
     425        </para>
     426
     427        <para>
     428          Copyright (C) 2010-2013 Canonical Ltd.; Copyright (C)
     429          2010-2011 Robert Ancell.
     430        </para>
    280431      </listitem>
    281432
    282433      <listitem>
    283         <para>VirtualBox contains portions of glib which is governed by the
    284           license in <xref linkend="licLGPL" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and</para>
    285 
    286         <para>Copyright (C) 1995-2011 The Glib team</para>
     434        <para>
     435          &product-name; contains portions of glib which is governed by
     436          the license in
     437          <xref linkend="licLGPL" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
     438        </para>
     439
     440        <para>
     441          Copyright (C) 1995-2011 The Glib team
     442        </para>
    287443      </listitem>
    288444
    289445      <listitem>
    290         <para>VirtualBox contains portions of PCRE which is governed by the
    291           license in <xref linkend="licPcre" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and</para>
    292         <para>Copyright (c) 1997-2012 University of Cambridge;
    293           Copyright(c) 2009-2012 Zoltan Herczeg;
    294           Copyright (c) 2007-2012, Google Inc.
     446        <para>
     447          &product-name; contains portions of PCRE which is governed by
     448          the license in
     449          <xref linkend="licPcre" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
     450        </para>
     451
     452        <para>
     453          Copyright (c) 1997-2012 University of Cambridge; Copyright(c)
     454          2009-2012 Zoltan Herczeg; Copyright (c) 2007-2012, Google Inc.
    295455        </para>
    296456      </listitem>
    297457
    298458      <listitem>
    299         <para>VirtualBox contains portions of libffi which is governed by the
    300           license in <xref linkend="licLibffi" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and</para>
    301         <para>
    302           Copyright (c) 1996-2012  Anthony Green, Red Hat, Inc and others.
    303           See source files for details.
     459        <para>
     460          &product-name; contains portions of libffi which is governed
     461          by the license in
     462          <xref linkend="licLibffi" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
     463        </para>
     464
     465        <para>
     466          Copyright (c) 1996-2012 Anthony Green, Red Hat, Inc and
     467          others. See source files for details.
    304468        </para>
    305469      </listitem>
    306470
    307471      <listitem>
    308         <para>VirtualBox contains portions of FLTK which is governed by the
    309           licenses in <xref linkend="licFltk" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
    310           <xref linkend="licLGPL" xrefstyle="template: %n"/> and  </para>
    311         <para>
    312           Copyright (C) 1991-2012  The FLTK team
     472        <para>
     473          &product-name; contains portions of FLTK which is governed by
     474          the licenses in
     475          <xref linkend="licFltk" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
     476          <xref linkend="licLGPL" xrefstyle="template: %n"/> and
     477        </para>
     478
     479        <para>
     480          Copyright (C) 1991-2012 The FLTK team
    313481        </para>
    314482      </listitem>
    315483
    316484      <listitem>
    317         <para>VirtualBox contains portions of Expat which is governed by the
    318           license in <xref linkend="licExpat" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and</para>
    319         <para>
    320           Copyright (c) 1998, 1999, 2000 Thai Open Source Software Center Ltd
    321           and Clark Cooper; Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Expat
    322           maintainers.
     485        <para>
     486          &product-name; contains portions of Expat which is governed by
     487          the license in
     488          <xref linkend="licExpat" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
     489        </para>
     490
     491        <para>
     492          Copyright (c) 1998, 1999, 2000 Thai Open Source Software
     493          Center Ltd and Clark Cooper; Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003,
     494          2004, 2005, 2006 Expat maintainers.
    323495        </para>
    324496      </listitem>
    325497
    326498      <listitem>
    327         <para>VirtualBox contains portions of Fontconfig which is governed by the
    328           license in <xref linkend="licFontconfig" xrefstyle="template: %n" />
    329           and</para>
     499        <para>
     500          &product-name; contains portions of Fontconfig which is
     501          governed by the license in
     502          <xref linkend="licFontconfig" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
     503        </para>
     504
    330505        <para>
    331506          Copyright (C) 2001, 2003 Keith Packard
     
    334509
    335510      <listitem>
    336         <para>VirtualBox contains portions of Freetype which is governed by the
    337           license in <xref linkend="licFreetype" xrefstyle="template: %n" />
    338           and</para>
    339         <para>
    340           Copyright 2012 The FreeType Project (www.freetype.org). All rights reserved.
     511        <para>
     512          &product-name; contains portions of Freetype which is governed
     513          by the license in
     514          <xref linkend="licFreetype" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
     515        </para>
     516
     517        <para>
     518          Copyright 2012 The FreeType Project (www.freetype.org). All
     519          rights reserved.
    341520        </para>
    342521      </listitem>
    343522
    344523      <listitem>
    345         <para>VirtualBox may contain code from the WebM VP8 Codec SDK which
    346           is governed by the license in <xref linkend="licVPX" xrefstyle="template: %n" />
    347           and </para>
    348         <para>
    349           Copyright (c) 2010, The WebM Project authors. All rights reserved.
     524        <para>
     525          &product-name; may contain code from the WebM VP8 Codec SDK
     526          which is governed by the license in
     527          <xref linkend="licVPX" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
     528        </para>
     529
     530        <para>
     531          Copyright (c) 2010, The WebM Project authors. All rights
     532          reserved.
    350533        </para>
    351534      </listitem>
    352535
    353536      <listitem>
    354         <para>VirtualBox may contain code from libopus ("Opus") which
    355           is governed by the license in <xref linkend="licOpus" xrefstyle="template: %n" />
    356           and </para>
     537        <para>
     538          &product-name; may contain code from libopus ("Opus") which is
     539          governed by the license in
     540          <xref linkend="licOpus" xrefstyle="template: %n" /> and
     541        </para>
     542
    357543        <para>
    358544          Copyright 2001-2011 Xiph.Org, Skype Limited, Octasic,
    359                               Jean-Marc Valin, Timothy B. Terriberry,
    360                               CSIRO, Gregory Maxwell, Mark Borgerding,
    361                               Erik de Castro Lopo
     545          Jean-Marc Valin, Timothy B. Terriberry, CSIRO, Gregory
     546          Maxwell, Mark Borgerding, Erik de Castro Lopo
    362547        </para>
    363548      </listitem>
    364549
    365550    </itemizedlist>
     551
    366552  </sect1>
    367553
    368554  <sect1 id="third-party-licenses">
     555
    369556    <title>Third-Party Licenses</title>
    370557
    371558    <sect2 id="licGPL">
     559
    372560      <title>GNU General Public License (GPL)</title>
    373561
    374       <para>GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2, June 1991</para>
    375 
    376       <para>Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</para>
    377 
    378       <para>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA</para>
    379 
    380       <para>Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of
    381       this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</para>
    382 
    383       <para>Preamble</para>
    384 
    385       <para>The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
    386       freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
    387       License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
    388       software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
    389       General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's
    390       software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it.
    391       (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU
    392       Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your
    393       programs, too.</para>
    394 
    395       <para>When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
    396       price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
    397       have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
    398       this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if
    399       you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
    400       free programs; and that you know you can do these things.</para>
    401 
    402       <para>To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
    403       anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
    404       These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
    405       distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.</para>
    406 
    407       <para>For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
    408       gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
    409       you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
    410       source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
    411       rights.</para>
    412 
    413       <para>We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software,
    414       and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
    415       distribute and/or modify the software.</para>
    416 
    417       <para>Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make
    418       certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this
    419       free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed
    420       on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the
    421       original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on
    422       the original authors' reputations.</para>
    423 
    424       <para>Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
    425       patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
    426       program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
    427       program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
    428       patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at
    429       all.</para>
    430 
    431       <para>The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
    432       modification follow.</para>
    433 
    434       <para>GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING,
    435       DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION</para>
    436 
    437       <para>0. This License applies to any program or other work which
    438       contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be
    439       distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The
    440       "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based
    441       on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under
    442       copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a
    443       portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated
    444       into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without
    445       limitation in the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as
    446       "you".</para>
    447 
    448       <para>Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are
    449       not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
    450       running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
    451       is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program
    452       (independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether that
    453       is true depends on what the Program does.</para>
    454 
    455       <para>1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
    456       source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
    457       conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
    458       copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices
    459       that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give
    460       any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with
    461       the Program.</para>
    462 
    463       <para>You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,
    464       and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a
    465       fee.</para>
    466 
    467       <para>2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any
    468       portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
    469       distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
    470       above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:</para>
    471 
    472       <para>a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
    473       stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.</para>
    474 
    475       <para>b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
    476       whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part
    477       thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties
    478       under the terms of this License.</para>
    479 
    480       <para>c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
    481       when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive
    482       use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement
    483       including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no
    484       warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users
    485       may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the
    486       user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program
    487       itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement,
    488       your work based on the Program is not required to print an
    489       announcement.)</para>
    490 
    491       <para>These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
    492       identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and
    493       can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
    494       themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
    495       sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
    496       distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on
    497       the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this
    498       License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire
    499       whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote
    500       it.</para>
    501 
    502       <para>Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or
    503       contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent
    504       is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
    505       collective works based on the Program.</para>
    506 
    507       <para>In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the
    508       Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a
    509       volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work
    510       under the scope of this License.</para>
    511 
    512       <para>3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
    513       under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
    514       Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the
    515       following:</para>
    516 
    517       <para>a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
    518       source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and
    519       2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange;
    520       or,</para>
    521 
    522       <para>b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
    523       years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of
    524       physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable
    525       copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms
    526       of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software
    527       interchange; or,</para>
    528 
    529       <para>c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
    530       to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed
    531       only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program
    532       in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with
    533       Subsection b above.)</para>
    534 
    535       <para>The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work
    536       for making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
    537       code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
    538       associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control
    539       compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a special
    540       exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is
    541       normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major
    542       components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on
    543       which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the
    544       executable.</para>
    545 
    546       <para>If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
    547       access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access
    548       to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of
    549       the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the
    550       source along with the object code.</para>
    551 
    552       <para>4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
    553       except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise
    554       to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will
    555       automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties
    556       who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will
    557       not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in
    558       full compliance.</para>
    559 
    560       <para>5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
    561       signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
    562       distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
    563       prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
    564       modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
    565       Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all
    566       its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the
    567       Program or works based on it.</para>
    568 
    569       <para>6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on
    570       the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
    571       original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
    572       these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions
    573       on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not
    574       responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this
    575       License.</para>
    576 
    577       <para>7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of
    578       patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent
    579       issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order,
    580       agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License,
    581       they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you
    582       cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under
    583       this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence
    584       you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
    585       license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
    586       all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
    587       the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
    588       refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.</para>
    589 
    590       <para>If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable
    591       under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is
    592       intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in
    593       other circumstances.</para>
    594 
    595       <para>It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe
    596       any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
    597       such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
    598       integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented
    599       by public license practices. Many people have made generous
    600       contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that
    601       system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to
    602       the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute
    603       software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that
    604       choice.</para>
    605 
    606       <para>This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed
    607       to be a consequence of the rest of this License.</para>
    608 
    609       <para>8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
    610       certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
    611       original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may
    612       add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those
    613       countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries
    614       not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the
    615       limitation as if written in the body of this License.</para>
    616 
    617       <para>9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new
    618       versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new
    619       versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
    620       differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.</para>
    621 
    622       <para>Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
    623       Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it
    624       and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and
    625       conditions either of that version or of any later version published by
    626       the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version
    627       number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the
    628       Free Software Foundation.</para>
    629 
    630       <para>10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other
    631       free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the
    632       author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the
    633       Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we
    634       sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the
    635       two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free
    636       software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software
    637       generally.</para>
    638 
    639       <para>NO WARRANTY</para>
    640 
    641       <para>11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO
    642       WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.
    643       EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR
    644       OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
    645       EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
    646       WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE
    647       ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH
    648       YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL
    649       NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.</para>
    650 
    651       <para>12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN
    652       WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY
    653       AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR
    654       DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL
    655       DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM
    656       (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED
    657       INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF
    658       THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR
    659       OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.</para>
    660 
    661       <para>END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS</para>
     562      <para>
     563        GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2, June 1991
     564      </para>
     565
     566      <para>
     567        Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
     568      </para>
     569
     570      <para>
     571        51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
     572      </para>
     573
     574      <para>
     575        Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of
     576        this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
     577      </para>
     578
     579      <para>
     580        Preamble
     581      </para>
     582
     583      <para>
     584        The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
     585        freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General
     586        Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share
     587        and change free software--to make sure the software is free for
     588        all its users. This General Public License applies to most of
     589        the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program
     590        whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software
     591        Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public
     592        License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too.
     593      </para>
     594
     595      <para>
     596        When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
     597        price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure
     598        that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software
     599        (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive
     600        source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change
     601        the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that
     602        you know you can do these things.
     603      </para>
     604
     605      <para>
     606        To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
     607        anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the
     608        rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities
     609        for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you
     610        modify it.
     611      </para>
     612
     613      <para>
     614        For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
     615        gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights
     616        that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can
     617        get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they
     618        know their rights.
     619      </para>
     620
     621      <para>
     622        We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the
     623        software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal
     624        permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.
     625      </para>
     626
     627      <para>
     628        Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make
     629        certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for
     630        this free software. If the software is modified by someone else
     631        and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they
     632        have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by
     633        others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations.
     634      </para>
     635
     636      <para>
     637        Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
     638        patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a
     639        free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect
     640        making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it
     641        clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use
     642        or not licensed at all.
     643      </para>
     644
     645      <para>
     646        The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
     647        modification follow.
     648      </para>
     649
     650      <para>
     651        GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING,
     652        DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
     653      </para>
     654
     655      <para>
     656        0. This License applies to any program or other work which
     657        contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may
     658        be distributed under the terms of this General Public License.
     659        The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a
     660        "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any
     661        derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work
     662        containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or
     663        with modifications and/or translated into another language.
     664        (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the
     665        term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
     666      </para>
     667
     668      <para>
     669        Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are
     670        not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act
     671        of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from
     672        the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work
     673        based on the Program (independent of having been made by running
     674        the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program
     675        does.
     676      </para>
     677
     678      <para>
     679        1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
     680        source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
     681        conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an
     682        appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep
     683        intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the
     684        absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the
     685        Program a copy of this License along with the Program.
     686      </para>
     687
     688      <para>
     689        You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a
     690        copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in
     691        exchange for a fee.
     692      </para>
     693
     694      <para>
     695        2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any
     696        portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and
     697        copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms
     698        of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these
     699        conditions:
     700      </para>
     701
     702      <para>
     703        a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
     704        stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
     705      </para>
     706
     707      <para>
     708        b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that
     709        in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or
     710        any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all
     711        third parties under the terms of this License.
     712      </para>
     713
     714      <para>
     715        c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
     716        when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
     717        interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
     718        announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
     719        notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you
     720        provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program
     721        under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy
     722        of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself is
     723        interactive but does not normally print such an announcement,
     724        your work based on the Program is not required to print an
     725        announcement.)
     726      </para>
     727
     728      <para>
     729        These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
     730        identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the
     731        Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and
     732        separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms,
     733        do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as
     734        separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as
     735        part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the
     736        distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License,
     737        whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire
     738        whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote
     739        it.
     740      </para>
     741
     742      <para>
     743        Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or
     744        contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the
     745        intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of
     746        derivative or collective works based on the Program.
     747      </para>
     748
     749      <para>
     750        In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the
     751        Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program)
     752        on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring
     753        the other work under the scope of this License.
     754      </para>
     755
     756      <para>
     757        3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on
     758        it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the
     759        terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of
     760        the following:
     761      </para>
     762
     763      <para>
     764        a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
     765        source code, which must be distributed under the terms of
     766        Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software
     767        interchange; or,
     768      </para>
     769
     770      <para>
     771        b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
     772        years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
     773        cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
     774        machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
     775        distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a
     776        medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
     777      </para>
     778
     779      <para>
     780        c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the
     781        offer to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative
     782        is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
     783        received the program in object code or executable form with such
     784        an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
     785      </para>
     786
     787      <para>
     788        The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work
     789        for making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete
     790        source code means all the source code for all modules it
     791        contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus
     792        the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the
     793        executable. However, as a special exception, the source code
     794        distributed need not include anything that is normally
     795        distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major
     796        components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system
     797        on which the executable runs, unless that component itself
     798        accompanies the executable.
     799      </para>
     800
     801      <para>
     802        If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
     803        access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
     804        access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
     805        distribution of the source code, even though third parties are
     806        not compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
     807      </para>
     808
     809      <para>
     810        4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the
     811        Program except as expressly provided under this License. Any
     812        attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the
     813        Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights
     814        under this License. However, parties who have received copies,
     815        or rights, from you under this License will not have their
     816        licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full
     817        compliance.
     818      </para>
     819
     820      <para>
     821        5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have
     822        not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to
     823        modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These
     824        actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.
     825        Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work
     826        based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this
     827        License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying,
     828        distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.
     829      </para>
     830
     831      <para>
     832        6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on
     833        the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license
     834        from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the
     835        Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not
     836        impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of
     837        the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing
     838        compliance by third parties to this License.
     839      </para>
     840
     841      <para>
     842        7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of
     843        patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to
     844        patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court
     845        order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of
     846        this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this
     847        License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy
     848        simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other
     849        pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not
     850        distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license
     851        would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
     852        all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you,
     853        then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License
     854        would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
     855      </para>
     856
     857      <para>
     858        If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable
     859        under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is
     860        intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to
     861        apply in other circumstances.
     862      </para>
     863
     864      <para>
     865        It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe
     866        any patents or other property right claims or to contest
     867        validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose
     868        of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution
     869        system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many
     870        people have made generous contributions to the wide range of
     871        software distributed through that system in reliance on
     872        consistent application of that system; it is up to the
     873        author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute
     874        software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose
     875        that choice.
     876      </para>
     877
     878      <para>
     879        This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is
     880        believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.
     881      </para>
     882
     883      <para>
     884        8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted
     885        in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted
     886        interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program
     887        under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution
     888        limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is
     889        permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such
     890        case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in
     891        the body of this License.
     892      </para>
     893
     894      <para>
     895        9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new
     896        versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such
     897        new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,
     898        but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
     899      </para>
     900
     901      <para>
     902        Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
     903        Program specifies a version number of this License which applies
     904        to it and "any later version", you have the option of following
     905        the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later
     906        version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the
     907        Program does not specify a version number of this License, you
     908        may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
     909        Foundation.
     910      </para>
     911
     912      <para>
     913        10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other
     914        free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write
     915        to the author to ask for permission. For software which is
     916        copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free
     917        Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our
     918        decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free
     919        status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting
     920        the sharing and reuse of software generally.
     921      </para>
     922
     923      <para>
     924        NO WARRANTY
     925      </para>
     926
     927      <para>
     928        11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO
     929        WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE
     930        LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
     931        HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT
     932        WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING,
     933        BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
     934        AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE
     935        QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
     936        PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY
     937        SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
     938      </para>
     939
     940      <para>
     941        12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO
     942        IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY
     943        MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE
     944        LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL,
     945        INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR
     946        INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS
     947        OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
     948        YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH
     949        ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN
     950        ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
     951      </para>
     952
     953      <para>
     954        END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
     955      </para>
     956
    662957    </sect2>
    663958
    664959    <sect2 id="licLGPL">
     960
    665961      <title>GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)</title>
    666962
    667       <para>GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2.1, February
    668       1999</para>
    669 
    670       <para>Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple
    671       Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to
    672       copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but
    673       changing it is not allowed.</para>
    674 
    675       <para>[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also
    676       counts as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2,
    677       hence the version number 2.1.]</para>
    678 
    679       <para>Preamble</para>
    680 
    681       <para>The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
    682       freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
    683       Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
    684       software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.</para>
    685 
    686       <para>This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some
    687       specially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the Free
    688       Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You can use
    689       it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether this
    690       license or the ordinary General Public License is the better strategy to
    691       use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.</para>
    692 
    693       <para>When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of
    694       use, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure
    695       that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and
    696       charge for this service if you wish); that you receive source code or
    697       can get it if you want it; that you can change the software and use
    698       pieces of it in new free programs; and that you are informed that you
    699       can do these things.</para>
    700 
    701       <para>To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
    702       distributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these
    703       rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you
    704       if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.</para>
    705 
    706       <para>For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether
    707       gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we
    708       gave you. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
    709       source code. If you link other code with the library, you must provide
    710       complete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them
    711       with the library after making changes to the library and recompiling it.
    712       And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.</para>
    713 
    714       <para>We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright
    715       the library, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal
    716       permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.</para>
    717 
    718       <para>To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that
    719       there is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is
    720       modified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know that
    721       what they have is not the original version, so that the original
    722       author's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be
    723       introduced by others.</para>
    724 
    725       <para>Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence
    726       of any free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot
    727       effectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a
    728       restrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that any
    729       patent license obtained for a version of the library must be consistent
    730       with the full freedom of use specified in this license.</para>
    731 
    732       <para>Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the
    733       ordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser
    734       General Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and is
    735       quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use this
    736       license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those libraries
    737       into non-free programs.</para>
    738 
    739       <para>When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or
    740       using a shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a
    741       combined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary
    742       General Public License therefore permits such linking only if the entire
    743       combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General Public
    744       License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with the
    745       library.</para>
    746 
    747       <para>We call this license the "Lesser" General Public License because
    748       it does Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General
    749       Public License. It also provides other free software developers Less of
    750       an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages are
    751       the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many
    752       libraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain
    753       special circumstances.</para>
    754 
    755       <para>For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to
    756       encourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it
    757       becomes a de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be
    758       allowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free library
    759       does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this case, there
    760       is little to gain by limiting the free library to free software only, so
    761       we use the Lesser General Public License.</para>
    762 
    763       <para>In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free
    764       programs enables a greater number of people to use a large body of free
    765       software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in non-free
    766       programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU operating system,
    767       as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating system.</para>
    768 
    769       <para>Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of
    770       the users' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is
    771       linked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run that
    772       program using a modified version of the Library.</para>
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     1075      <para>
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     1533        version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or
     1534        concerns.
     1535      </para>
     1536
     1537      <para>
     1538        Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
     1539        Library specifies a version number of this License which applies
     1540        to it and "any later version", you have the option of following
     1541        the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later
     1542        version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the
     1543        Library does not specify a license version number, you may
     1544        choose any version ever published by the Free Software
     1545        Foundation.
     1546      </para>
     1547
     1548      <para>
     1549        14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other
     1550        free programs whose distribution conditions are incompatible
     1551        with these, write to the author to ask for permission. For
     1552        software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation,
     1553        write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make
     1554        exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two
     1555        goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our
     1556        free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software
     1557        generally.
     1558      </para>
     1559
     1560      <para>
     1561        NO WARRANTY
     1562      </para>
     1563
     1564      <para>
     1565        15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO
     1566        WARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE
     1567        LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
     1568        HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY "AS IS" WITHOUT
     1569        WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING,
     1570        BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
     1571        AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE
     1572        QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE LIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
     1573        LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY
     1574        SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
     1575      </para>
     1576
     1577      <para>
     1578        16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO
     1579        IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY
     1580        MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE
     1581        LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL,
     1582        INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR
     1583        INABILITY TO USE THE LIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS
     1584        OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
     1585        YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH
     1586        ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN
     1587        ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
     1588      </para>
     1589
     1590      <para>
     1591        END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
     1592      </para>
     1593
    11201594    </sect2>
    11211595
    11221596    <sect2 id="licMPL">
     1597
    11231598      <title>Mozilla Public License (MPL)</title>
    11241599
    1125       <para>MOZILLA PUBLIC LICENSE Version 1.1</para>
    1126 
    1127       <para>1. Definitions.</para>
    1128 
    1129       <para>1.0.1. "Commercial Use" means distribution or otherwise making the
    1130       Covered Code available to a third party.</para>
    1131 
    1132       <para>1.1. "Contributor" means each entity that creates or contributes
    1133       to the creation of Modifications.</para>
    1134 
    1135       <para>1.2. "Contributor Version" means the combination of the Original
    1136       Code, prior Modifications used by a Contributor, and the Modifications
    1137       made by that particular Contributor.</para>
    1138 
    1139       <para>1.3. "Covered Code" means the Original Code or Modifications or
    1140       the combination of the Original Code and Modifications, in each case
    1141       including portions thereof.</para>
    1142 
    1143       <para>1.4. "Electronic Distribution Mechanism" means a mechanism
    1144       generally accepted in the software development community for the
    1145       electronic transfer of data.</para>
    1146 
    1147       <para>1.5. "Executable" means Covered Code in any form other than Source
    1148       Code.</para>
    1149 
    1150       <para>1.6. "Initial Developer" means the individual or entity identified
    1151       as the Initial Developer in the Source Code notice required by Exhibit
    1152       A.</para>
    1153 
    1154       <para>1.7. "Larger Work" means a work which combines Covered Code or
    1155       portions thereof with code not governed by the terms of this
    1156       License.</para>
    1157 
    1158       <para>1.8. "License" means this document.</para>
    1159 
    1160       <para>1.8.1. "Licensable" means having the right to grant, to the
    1161       maximum extent possible, whether at the time of the initial grant or
    1162       subsequently acquired, any and all of the rights conveyed herein.</para>
    1163 
    1164       <para>1.9. "Modifications" means any addition to or deletion from the
    1165       substance or structure of either the Original Code or any previous
    1166       Modifications. When Covered Code is released as a series of files, a
    1167       Modification is:</para>
    1168 
    1169       <para>A. Any addition to or deletion from the contents of a file
    1170       containing Original Code or previous Modifications.</para>
    1171 
    1172       <para>B. Any new file that contains any part of the Original Code or
    1173       previous Modifications.</para>
    1174 
    1175       <para>1.10. "Original Code" means Source Code of computer software code
    1176       which is described in the Source Code notice required by Exhibit A as
    1177       Original Code, and which, at the time of its release under this License
    1178       is not already Covered Code governed by this License.</para>
    1179 
    1180       <para>1.10.1. "Patent Claims" means any patent claim(s), now owned or
    1181       hereafter acquired, including without limitation, method, process, and
    1182       apparatus claims, in any patent Licensable by grantor.</para>
    1183 
    1184       <para>1.11. "Source Code" means the preferred form of the Covered Code
    1185       for making modifications to it, including all modules it contains, plus
    1186       any associated interface definition files, scripts used to control
    1187       compilation and installation of an Executable, or source code
    1188       differential comparisons against either the Original Code or another
    1189       well known, available Covered Code of the Contributor's choice. The
    1190       Source Code can be in a compressed or archival form, provided the
    1191       appropriate decompression or de-archiving software is widely available
    1192       for no charge.</para>
    1193 
    1194       <para>1.12. "You" (or "Your") means an individual or a legal entity
    1195       exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this
    1196       License or a future version of this License issued under Section 6.1.
    1197       For legal entities, "You" includes any entity which controls, is
    1198       controlled by, or is under common control with You. For purposes of this
    1199       definition, "control" means (a) the power, direct or indirect, to cause
    1200       the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
    1201       otherwise, or (b) ownership of more than fifty percent (50%) of the
    1202       outstanding shares or beneficial ownership of such entity.</para>
    1203 
    1204       <para>2. Source Code License.</para>
    1205 
    1206       <para>2.1. The Initial Developer Grant. The Initial Developer hereby
    1207       grants You a world-wide, royalty-free, non-exclusive license, subject to
    1208       third party intellectual property claims:</para>
    1209 
    1210       <para>(a) under intellectual property rights (other than patent or
    1211       trademark) Licensable by Initial Developer to use, reproduce, modify,
    1212       display, perform, sublicense and distribute the Original Code (or
    1213       portions thereof) with or without Modifications, and/or as part of a
    1214       Larger Work; and</para>
    1215 
    1216       <para>(b) under Patents Claims infringed by the making, using or selling
    1217       of Original Code, to make, have made, use, practice, sell, and offer for
    1218       sale, and/or otherwise dispose of the Original Code (or portions
    1219       thereof).</para>
    1220 
    1221       <para>(c) the licenses granted in this Section 2.1(a) and (b) are
    1222       effective on the date Initial Developer first distributes Original Code
    1223       under the terms of this License.</para>
    1224 
    1225       <para>(d) Notwithstanding Section 2.1(b) above, no patent license is
    1226       granted: 1) for code that You delete from the Original Code; 2) separate
    1227       from the Original Code; or 3) for infringements caused by: i) the
    1228       modification of the Original Code or ii) the combination of the Original
    1229       Code with other software or devices.</para>
    1230 
    1231       <para>2.2. Contributor Grant. Subject to third party intellectual
    1232       property claims, each Contributor hereby grants You a world-wide,
    1233       royalty-free, non-exclusive license</para>
    1234 
    1235       <para>(a) under intellectual property rights (other than patent or
    1236       trademark) Licensable by Contributor, to use, reproduce, modify,
    1237       display, perform, sublicense and distribute the Modifications created by
    1238       such Contributor (or portions thereof) either on an unmodified basis,
    1239       with other Modifications, as Covered Code and/or as part of a Larger
    1240       Work; and</para>
    1241 
    1242       <para>(b) under Patent Claims infringed by the making, using, or selling
    1243       of Modifications made by that Contributor either alone and/or in
    1244       combination with its Contributor Version (or portions of such
    1245       combination), to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and/or
    1246       otherwise dispose of: 1) Modifications made by that Contributor (or
    1247       portions thereof); and 2) the combination of Modifications made by that
    1248       Contributor with its Contributor Version (or portions of such
    1249       combination).</para>
    1250 
    1251       <para>(c) the licenses granted in Sections 2.2(a) and 2.2(b) are
    1252       effective on the date Contributor first makes Commercial Use of the
    1253       Covered Code.</para>
    1254 
    1255       <para>(d) Notwithstanding Section 2.2(b) above, no patent license is
    1256       granted: 1) for any code that Contributor has deleted from the
    1257       Contributor Version; 2) separate from the Contributor Version; 3) for
    1258       infringements caused by: i) third party modifications of Contributor
    1259       Version or ii) the combination of Modifications made by that Contributor
    1260       with other software (except as part of the Contributor Version) or other
    1261       devices; or 4) under Patent Claims infringed by Covered Code in the
    1262       absence of Modifications made by that Contributor.</para>
    1263 
    1264       <para>3. Distribution Obligations.</para>
    1265 
    1266       <para>3.1. Application of License. The Modifications which You create or
    1267       to which You contribute are governed by the terms of this License,
    1268       including without limitation Section 2.2. The Source Code version of
    1269       Covered Code may be distributed only under the terms of this License or
    1270       a future version of this License released under Section 6.1, and You
    1271       must include a copy of this License with every copy of the Source Code
    1272       You distribute. You may not offer or impose any terms on any Source Code
    1273       version that alters or restricts the applicable version of this License
    1274       or the recipients' rights hereunder. However, You may include an
    1275       additional document offering the additional rights described in Section
    1276       3.5.</para>
    1277 
    1278       <para>3.2. Availability of Source Code. Any Modification which You
    1279       create or to which You contribute must be made available in Source Code
    1280       form under the terms of this License either on the same media as an
    1281       Executable version or via an accepted Electronic Distribution Mechanism
    1282       to anyone to whom you made an Executable version available; and if made
    1283       available via Electronic Distribution Mechanism, must remain available
    1284       for at least twelve (12) months after the date it initially became
    1285       available, or at least six (6) months after a subsequent version of that
    1286       particular Modification has been made available to such recipients. You
    1287       are responsible for ensuring that the Source Code version remains
    1288       available even if the Electronic Distribution Mechanism is maintained by
    1289       a third party.</para>
    1290 
    1291       <para>3.3. Description of Modifications. You must cause all Covered Code
    1292       to which You contribute to contain a file documenting the changes You
    1293       made to create that Covered Code and the date of any change. You must
    1294       include a prominent statement that the Modification is derived, directly
    1295       or indirectly, from Original Code provided by the Initial Developer and
    1296       including the name of the Initial Developer in (a) the Source Code, and
    1297       (b) in any notice in an Executable version or related documentation in
    1298       which You describe the origin or ownership of the Covered Code.</para>
    1299 
    1300       <para>3.4. Intellectual Property Matters</para>
    1301 
    1302       <para>(a) Third Party Claims. If Contributor has knowledge that a
    1303       license under a third party's intellectual property rights is required
    1304       to exercise the rights granted by such Contributor under Sections 2.1 or
    1305       2.2, Contributor must include a text file with the Source Code
    1306       distribution titled "LEGAL" which describes the claim and the party
    1307       making the claim in sufficient detail that a recipient will know whom to
    1308       contact. If Contributor obtains such knowledge after the Modification is
    1309       made available as described in Section 3.2, Contributor shall promptly
    1310       modify the LEGAL file in all copies Contributor makes available
    1311       thereafter and shall take other steps (such as notifying appropriate
    1312       mailing lists or newsgroups) reasonably calculated to inform those who
    1313       received the Covered Code that new knowledge has been obtained.</para>
    1314 
    1315       <para>(b) Contributor APIs. If Contributor's Modifications include an
    1316       application programming interface and Contributor has knowledge of
    1317       patent licenses which are reasonably necessary to implement that API,
    1318       Contributor must also include this information in the LEGAL file.</para>
    1319 
    1320       <para>3.5. Required Notices. You must duplicate the notice in Exhibit A
    1321       in each file of the Source Code. If it is not possible to put such
    1322       notice in a particular Source Code file due to its structure, then You
    1323       must include such notice in a location (such as a relevant directory)
    1324       where a user would be likely to look for such a notice. If You created
    1325       one or more Modification(s) You may add your name as a Contributor to
    1326       the notice described in Exhibit A. You must also duplicate this License
    1327       in any documentation for the Source Code where You describe recipients'
    1328       rights or ownership rights relating to Covered Code. You may choose to
    1329       offer, and to charge a fee for, warranty, support, indemnity or
    1330       liability obligations to one or more recipients of Covered Code.
    1331       However, You may do so only on Your own behalf, and not on behalf of the
    1332       Initial Developer or any Contributor. You must make it absolutely clear
    1333       than any such warranty, support, indemnity or liability obligation is
    1334       offered by You alone, and You hereby agree to indemnify the Initial
    1335       Developer and every Contributor for any liability incurred by the
    1336       Initial Developer or such Contributor as a result of warranty, support,
    1337       indemnity or liability terms You offer.</para>
    1338 
    1339       <para>3.6. Distribution of Executable Versions. You may distribute
    1340       Covered Code in Executable form only if the requirements of Section
    1341       3.1-3.5 have been met for that Covered Code, and if You include a notice
    1342       stating that the Source Code version of the Covered Code is available
    1343       under the terms of this License, including a description of how and
    1344       where You have fulfilled the obligations of Section 3.2. The notice must
    1345       be conspicuously included in any notice in an Executable version,
    1346       related documentation or collateral in which You describe recipients'
    1347       rights relating to the Covered Code. You may distribute the Executable
    1348       version of Covered Code or ownership rights under a license of Your
    1349       choice, which may contain terms different from this License, provided
    1350       that You are in compliance with the terms of this License and that the
    1351       license for the Executable version does not attempt to limit or alter
    1352       the recipient's rights in the Source Code version from the rights set
    1353       forth in this License. If You distribute the Executable version under a
    1354       different license You must make it absolutely clear that any terms which
    1355       differ from this License are offered by You alone, not by the Initial
    1356       Developer or any Contributor. You hereby agree to indemnify the Initial
    1357       Developer and every Contributor for any liability incurred by the
    1358       Initial Developer or such Contributor as a result of any such terms You
    1359       offer.</para>
    1360 
    1361       <para>3.7. Larger Works. You may create a Larger Work by combining
    1362       Covered Code with other code not governed by the terms of this License
    1363       and distribute the Larger Work as a single product. In such a case, You
    1364       must make sure the requirements of this License are fulfilled for the
    1365       Covered Code.</para>
    1366 
    1367       <para>4. Inability to Comply Due to Statute or Regulation.If it is
    1368       impossible for You to comply with any of the terms of this License with
    1369       respect to some or all of the Covered Code due to statute, judicial
    1370       order, or regulation then You must: (a) comply with the terms of this
    1371       License to the maximum extent possible; and (b) describe the limitations
    1372       and the code they affect. Such description must be included in the LEGAL
    1373       file described in Section 3.4 and must be included with all
    1374       distributions of the Source Code. Except to the extent prohibited by
    1375       statute or regulation, such description must be sufficiently detailed
    1376       for a recipient of ordinary skill to be able to understand it.</para>
    1377 
    1378       <para>5. Application of this License. This License applies to code to
    1379       which the Initial Developer has attached the notice in Exhibit A and to
    1380       related Covered Code.</para>
    1381 
    1382       <para>6. Versions of the License.</para>
    1383 
    1384       <para>6.1. New Versions. Netscape Communications Corporation
    1385       ("Netscape") may publish revised and/or new versions of the License from
    1386       time to time. Each version will be given a distinguishing version
    1387       number.</para>
    1388 
    1389       <para>6.2. Effect of New Versions. Once Covered Code has been published
    1390       under a particular version of the License, You may always continue to
    1391       use it under the terms of that version. You may also choose to use such
    1392       Covered Code under the terms of any subsequent version of the License
    1393       published by Netscape. No one other than Netscape has the right to
    1394       modify the terms applicable to Covered Code created under this
    1395       License.</para>
    1396 
    1397       <para>6.3. Derivative Works. If You create or use a modified version of
    1398       this License (which you may only do in order to apply it to code which
    1399       is not already Covered Code governed by this License), You must (a)
    1400       rename Your license so that the phrases "Mozilla", "MOZILLAPL", "MOZPL",
    1401       "Netscape", "MPL", "NPL" or any confusingly similar phrase do not appear
    1402       in your license (except to note that your license differs from this
    1403       License) and (b) otherwise make it clear that Your version of the
    1404       license contains terms which differ from the Mozilla Public License and
    1405       Netscape Public License. (Filling in the name of the Initial Developer,
    1406       Original Code or Contributor in the notice described in Exhibit A shall
    1407       not of themselves be deemed to be modifications of this License.)</para>
    1408 
    1409       <para>7. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY.</para>
    1410 
    1411       <para>COVERED CODE IS PROVIDED UNDER THIS LICENSE ON AN "AS IS" BASIS,
    1412       WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING,
    1413       WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES THAT THE COVERED CODE IS FREE OF DEFECTS,
    1414       MERCHANTABLE, FIT FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGING. THE ENTIRE
    1415       RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE COVERED CODE IS WITH YOU.
    1416       SHOULD ANY COVERED CODE PROVE DEFECTIVE IN ANY RESPECT, YOU (NOT THE
    1417       INITIAL DEVELOPER OR ANY OTHER CONTRIBUTOR) ASSUME THE COST OF ANY
    1418       NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. THIS DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY
    1419       CONSTITUTES AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THIS LICENSE. NO USE OF ANY COVERED
    1420       CODE IS AUTHORIZED HEREUNDER EXCEPT UNDER THIS DISCLAIMER.</para>
    1421 
    1422       <para>8. TERMINATION.</para>
    1423 
    1424       <para>8.1. This License and the rights granted hereunder will terminate
    1425       automatically if You fail to comply with terms herein and fail to cure
    1426       such breach within 30 days of becoming aware of the breach. All
    1427       sublicenses to the Covered Code which are properly granted shall survive
    1428       any termination of this License. Provisions which, by their nature, must
    1429       remain in effect beyond the termination of this License shall
    1430       survive.</para>
    1431 
    1432       <para>8.2. If You initiate litigation by asserting a patent infringement
    1433       claim (excluding declaratory judgment actions) against Initial Developer
    1434       or a Contributor (the Initial Developer or Contributor against whom You
    1435       file such action is referred to as "Participant") alleging that:</para>
    1436 
    1437       <para>(a) such Participant's Contributor Version directly or indirectly
    1438       infringes any patent, then any and all rights granted by such
    1439       Participant to You under Sections 2.1 and/or 2.2 of this License shall,
    1440       upon 60 days notice from Participant terminate prospectively, unless if
    1441       within 60 days after receipt of notice You either: (i) agree in writing
    1442       to pay Participant a mutually agreeable reasonable royalty for Your past
    1443       and future use of Modifications made by such Participant, or (ii)
    1444       withdraw Your litigation claim with respect to the Contributor Version
    1445       against such Participant. If within 60 days of notice, a reasonable
    1446       royalty and payment arrangement are not mutually agreed upon in writing
    1447       by the parties or the litigation claim is not withdrawn, the rights
    1448       granted by Participant to You under Sections 2.1 and/or 2.2
    1449       automatically terminate at the expiration of the 60 day notice period
    1450       specified above.</para>
    1451 
    1452       <para>(b) any software, hardware, or device, other than such
    1453       Participant's Contributor Version, directly or indirectly infringes any
    1454       patent, then any rights granted to You by such Participant under
    1455       Sections 2.1(b) and 2.2(b) are revoked effective as of the date You
    1456       first made, used, sold, distributed, or had made, Modifications made by
    1457       that Participant.</para>
    1458 
    1459       <para>8.3. If You assert a patent infringement claim against Participant
    1460       alleging that such Participant's Contributor Version directly or
    1461       indirectly infringes any patent where such claim is resolved (such as by
    1462       license or settlement) prior to the initiation of patent infringement
    1463       litigation, then the reasonable value of the licenses granted by such
    1464       Participant under Sections 2.1 or 2.2 shall be taken into account in
    1465       determining the amount or value of any payment or license.</para>
    1466 
    1467       <para>8.4. In the event of termination under Sections 8.1 or 8.2 above,
    1468       all end user license agreements (excluding distributors and resellers)
    1469       which have been validly granted by You or any distributor hereunder
    1470       prior to termination shall survive termination.</para>
    1471 
    1472       <para>9. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES AND UNDER NO
    1473       LEGAL THEORY, WHETHER TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), CONTRACT, OR
    1474       OTHERWISE, SHALL YOU, THE INITIAL DEVELOPER, ANY OTHER CONTRIBUTOR, OR
    1475       ANY DISTRIBUTOR OF COVERED CODE, OR ANY SUPPLIER OF ANY OF SUCH PARTIES,
    1476       BE LIABLE TO ANY PERSON FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR
    1477       CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY CHARACTER INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
    1478       DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF GOODWILL, WORK STOPPAGE, COMPUTER FAILURE OR
    1479       MALFUNCTION, OR ANY AND ALL OTHER COMMERCIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES, EVEN IF
    1480       SUCH PARTY SHALL HAVE BEEN INFORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
    1481       THIS LIMITATION OF LIABILITY SHALL NOT APPLY TO LIABILITY FOR DEATH OR
    1482       PERSONAL INJURY RESULTING FROM SUCH PARTY'S NEGLIGENCE TO THE EXTENT
    1483       APPLICABLE LAW PROHIBITS SUCH LIMITATION. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT
    1484       ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL
    1485       DAMAGES, SO THIS EXCLUSION AND LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.</para>
    1486 
    1487       <para>10. U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS. The Covered Code is a "commercial
    1488       item," as that term is defined in 48 C.F.R. 2.101 (Oct. 1995),
    1489       consisting of "commercial computer software" and "commercial computer
    1490       software documentation," as such terms are used in 48 C.F.R. 12.212
    1491       (Sept. 1995). Consistent with 48 C.F.R. 12.212 and 48 C.F.R. 227.7202-1
    1492       through 227.7202-4 (June 1995), all U.S. Government End Users acquire
    1493       Covered Code with only those rights set forth herein.</para>
    1494 
    1495       <para>11. MISCELLANEOUS. This License represents the complete agreement
    1496       concerning subject matter hereof. If any provision of this License is
    1497       held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the
    1498       extent necessary to make it enforceable. This License shall be governed
    1499       by California law provisions (except to the extent applicable law, if
    1500       any, provides otherwise), excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. With
    1501       respect to disputes in which at least one party is a citizen of, or an
    1502       entity chartered or registered to do business in the United States of
    1503       America, any litigation relating to this License shall be subject to the
    1504       jurisdiction of the Federal Courts of the Northern District of
    1505       California, with venue lying in Santa Clara County, California, with the
    1506       losing party responsible for costs, including without limitation, court
    1507       costs and reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses. The application of
    1508       the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of
    1509       Goods is expressly excluded. Any law or regulation which provides that
    1510       the language of a contract shall be construed against the drafter shall
    1511       not apply to this License.</para>
    1512 
    1513       <para>12. RESPONSIBILITY FOR CLAIMS. As between Initial Developer and
    1514       the Contributors, each party is responsible for claims and damages
    1515       arising, directly or indirectly, out of its utilization of rights under
    1516       this License and You agree to work with Initial Developer and
    1517       Contributors to distribute such responsibility on an equitable basis.
    1518       Nothing herein is intended or shall be deemed to constitute any
    1519       admission of liability.</para>
    1520 
    1521       <para>13. MULTIPLE-LICENSED CODE. Initial Developer may designate
    1522       portions of the Covered Code as "Multiple-Licensed". "Multiple-Licensed"
    1523       means that the Initial Developer permits you to utilize portions of the
    1524       Covered Code under Your choice of the NPL or the alternative licenses,
    1525       if any, specified by the Initial Developer in the file described in
    1526       Exhibit A.</para>
    1527 
    1528       <para>EXHIBIT A -Mozilla Public License.</para>
    1529 
    1530       <para>``The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public
    1531       License Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
    1532       compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
    1533       http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/</para>
    1534 
    1535       <para>Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS
    1536       IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
    1537       the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
    1538       under the License.</para>
    1539 
    1540       <para>The Original Code is
    1541       ______________________________________.</para>
    1542 
    1543       <para>The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
    1544       ________________________. Portions created by ______________________ are
    1545       Copyright (C) ______ _______________________. All Rights
    1546       Reserved.</para>
    1547 
    1548       <para>Contributor(s): ______________________________________.</para>
    1549 
    1550       <para>Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the
    1551       terms of the _____ license (the "[___] License"), in which case the
    1552       provisions of [______] License are applicable instead of those above. If
    1553       you wish to allow use of your version of this file only under the terms
    1554       of the [____] License and not to allow others to use your version of
    1555       this file under the MPL, indicate your decision by deleting the
    1556       provisions above and replace them with the notice and other provisions
    1557       required by the [___] License. If you do not delete the provisions
    1558       above, a recipient may use your version of this file under either the
    1559       MPL or the [___] License."</para>
    1560 
    1561       <para>[NOTE: The text of this Exhibit A may differ slightly from the
    1562       text of the notices in the Source Code files of the Original Code. You
    1563       should use the text of this Exhibit A rather than the text found in the
    1564       Original Code Source Code for Your Modifications.]</para>
     1600      <para>
     1601        MOZILLA PUBLIC LICENSE Version 1.1
     1602      </para>
     1603
     1604      <para>
     1605        1. Definitions.
     1606      </para>
     1607
     1608      <para>
     1609        1.0.1. "Commercial Use" means distribution or otherwise making
     1610        the Covered Code available to a third party.
     1611      </para>
     1612
     1613      <para>
     1614        1.1. "Contributor" means each entity that creates or contributes
     1615        to the creation of Modifications.
     1616      </para>
     1617
     1618      <para>
     1619        1.2. "Contributor Version" means the combination of the Original
     1620        Code, prior Modifications used by a Contributor, and the
     1621        Modifications made by that particular Contributor.
     1622      </para>
     1623
     1624      <para>
     1625        1.3. "Covered Code" means the Original Code or Modifications or
     1626        the combination of the Original Code and Modifications, in each
     1627        case including portions thereof.
     1628      </para>
     1629
     1630      <para>
     1631        1.4. "Electronic Distribution Mechanism" means a mechanism
     1632        generally accepted in the software development community for the
     1633        electronic transfer of data.
     1634      </para>
     1635
     1636      <para>
     1637        1.5. "Executable" means Covered Code in any form other than
     1638        Source Code.
     1639      </para>
     1640
     1641      <para>
     1642        1.6. "Initial Developer" means the individual or entity
     1643        identified as the Initial Developer in the Source Code notice
     1644        required by Exhibit A.
     1645      </para>
     1646
     1647      <para>
     1648        1.7. "Larger Work" means a work which combines Covered Code or
     1649        portions thereof with code not governed by the terms of this
     1650        License.
     1651      </para>
     1652
     1653      <para>
     1654        1.8. "License" means this document.
     1655      </para>
     1656
     1657      <para>
     1658        1.8.1. "Licensable" means having the right to grant, to the
     1659        maximum extent possible, whether at the time of the initial
     1660        grant or subsequently acquired, any and all of the rights
     1661        conveyed herein.
     1662      </para>
     1663
     1664      <para>
     1665        1.9. "Modifications" means any addition to or deletion from the
     1666        substance or structure of either the Original Code or any
     1667        previous Modifications. When Covered Code is released as a
     1668        series of files, a Modification is:
     1669      </para>
     1670
     1671      <para>
     1672        A. Any addition to or deletion from the contents of a file
     1673        containing Original Code or previous Modifications.
     1674      </para>
     1675
     1676      <para>
     1677        B. Any new file that contains any part of the Original Code or
     1678        previous Modifications.
     1679      </para>
     1680
     1681      <para>
     1682        1.10. "Original Code" means Source Code of computer software
     1683        code which is described in the Source Code notice required by
     1684        Exhibit A as Original Code, and which, at the time of its
     1685        release under this License is not already Covered Code governed
     1686        by this License.
     1687      </para>
     1688
     1689      <para>
     1690        1.10.1. "Patent Claims" means any patent claim(s), now owned or
     1691        hereafter acquired, including without limitation, method,
     1692        process, and apparatus claims, in any patent Licensable by
     1693        grantor.
     1694      </para>
     1695
     1696      <para>
     1697        1.11. "Source Code" means the preferred form of the Covered Code
     1698        for making modifications to it, including all modules it
     1699        contains, plus any associated interface definition files,
     1700        scripts used to control compilation and installation of an
     1701        Executable, or source code differential comparisons against
     1702        either the Original Code or another well known, available
     1703        Covered Code of the Contributor's choice. The Source Code can be
     1704        in a compressed or archival form, provided the appropriate
     1705        decompression or de-archiving software is widely available for
     1706        no charge.
     1707      </para>
     1708
     1709      <para>
     1710        1.12. "You" (or "Your") means an individual or a legal entity
     1711        exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of,
     1712        this License or a future version of this License issued under
     1713        Section 6.1. For legal entities, "You" includes any entity which
     1714        controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with You.
     1715        For purposes of this definition, "control" means (a) the power,
     1716        direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such
     1717        entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (b) ownership of
     1718        more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding shares or
     1719        beneficial ownership of such entity.
     1720      </para>
     1721
     1722      <para>
     1723        2. Source Code License.
     1724      </para>
     1725
     1726      <para>
     1727        2.1. The Initial Developer Grant. The Initial Developer hereby
     1728        grants You a world-wide, royalty-free, non-exclusive license,
     1729        subject to third party intellectual property claims:
     1730      </para>
     1731
     1732      <para>
     1733        (a) under intellectual property rights (other than patent or
     1734        trademark) Licensable by Initial Developer to use, reproduce,
     1735        modify, display, perform, sublicense and distribute the Original
     1736        Code (or portions thereof) with or without Modifications, and/or
     1737        as part of a Larger Work; and
     1738      </para>
     1739
     1740      <para>
     1741        (b) under Patents Claims infringed by the making, using or
     1742        selling of Original Code, to make, have made, use, practice,
     1743        sell, and offer for sale, and/or otherwise dispose of the
     1744        Original Code (or portions thereof).
     1745      </para>
     1746
     1747      <para>
     1748        (c) the licenses granted in this Section 2.1(a) and (b) are
     1749        effective on the date Initial Developer first distributes
     1750        Original Code under the terms of this License.
     1751      </para>
     1752
     1753      <para>
     1754        (d) Notwithstanding Section 2.1(b) above, no patent license is
     1755        granted: 1) for code that You delete from the Original Code; 2)
     1756        separate from the Original Code; or 3) for infringements caused
     1757        by: i) the modification of the Original Code or ii) the
     1758        combination of the Original Code with other software or devices.
     1759      </para>
     1760
     1761      <para>
     1762        2.2. Contributor Grant. Subject to third party intellectual
     1763        property claims, each Contributor hereby grants You a
     1764        world-wide, royalty-free, non-exclusive license
     1765      </para>
     1766
     1767      <para>
     1768        (a) under intellectual property rights (other than patent or
     1769        trademark) Licensable by Contributor, to use, reproduce, modify,
     1770        display, perform, sublicense and distribute the Modifications
     1771        created by such Contributor (or portions thereof) either on an
     1772        unmodified basis, with other Modifications, as Covered Code
     1773        and/or as part of a Larger Work; and
     1774      </para>
     1775
     1776      <para>
     1777        (b) under Patent Claims infringed by the making, using, or
     1778        selling of Modifications made by that Contributor either alone
     1779        and/or in combination with its Contributor Version (or portions
     1780        of such combination), to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have
     1781        made, and/or otherwise dispose of: 1) Modifications made by that
     1782        Contributor (or portions thereof); and 2) the combination of
     1783        Modifications made by that Contributor with its Contributor
     1784        Version (or portions of such combination).
     1785      </para>
     1786
     1787      <para>
     1788        (c) the licenses granted in Sections 2.2(a) and 2.2(b) are
     1789        effective on the date Contributor first makes Commercial Use of
     1790        the Covered Code.
     1791      </para>
     1792
     1793      <para>
     1794        (d) Notwithstanding Section 2.2(b) above, no patent license is
     1795        granted: 1) for any code that Contributor has deleted from the
     1796        Contributor Version; 2) separate from the Contributor Version;
     1797        3) for infringements caused by: i) third party modifications of
     1798        Contributor Version or ii) the combination of Modifications made
     1799        by that Contributor with other software (except as part of the
     1800        Contributor Version) or other devices; or 4) under Patent Claims
     1801        infringed by Covered Code in the absence of Modifications made
     1802        by that Contributor.
     1803      </para>
     1804
     1805      <para>
     1806        3. Distribution Obligations.
     1807      </para>
     1808
     1809      <para>
     1810        3.1. Application of License. The Modifications which You create
     1811        or to which You contribute are governed by the terms of this
     1812        License, including without limitation Section 2.2. The Source
     1813        Code version of Covered Code may be distributed only under the
     1814        terms of this License or a future version of this License
     1815        released under Section 6.1, and You must include a copy of this
     1816        License with every copy of the Source Code You distribute. You
     1817        may not offer or impose any terms on any Source Code version
     1818        that alters or restricts the applicable version of this License
     1819        or the recipients' rights hereunder. However, You may include an
     1820        additional document offering the additional rights described in
     1821        Section 3.5.
     1822      </para>
     1823
     1824      <para>
     1825        3.2. Availability of Source Code. Any Modification which You
     1826        create or to which You contribute must be made available in
     1827        Source Code form under the terms of this License either on the
     1828        same media as an Executable version or via an accepted
     1829        Electronic Distribution Mechanism to anyone to whom you made an
     1830        Executable version available; and if made available via
     1831        Electronic Distribution Mechanism, must remain available for at
     1832        least twelve (12) months after the date it initially became
     1833        available, or at least six (6) months after a subsequent version
     1834        of that particular Modification has been made available to such
     1835        recipients. You are responsible for ensuring that the Source
     1836        Code version remains available even if the Electronic
     1837        Distribution Mechanism is maintained by a third party.
     1838      </para>
     1839
     1840      <para>
     1841        3.3. Description of Modifications. You must cause all Covered
     1842        Code to which You contribute to contain a file documenting the
     1843        changes You made to create that Covered Code and the date of any
     1844        change. You must include a prominent statement that the
     1845        Modification is derived, directly or indirectly, from Original
     1846        Code provided by the Initial Developer and including the name of
     1847        the Initial Developer in (a) the Source Code, and (b) in any
     1848        notice in an Executable version or related documentation in
     1849        which You describe the origin or ownership of the Covered Code.
     1850      </para>
     1851
     1852      <para>
     1853        3.4. Intellectual Property Matters
     1854      </para>
     1855
     1856      <para>
     1857        (a) Third Party Claims. If Contributor has knowledge that a
     1858        license under a third party's intellectual property rights is
     1859        required to exercise the rights granted by such Contributor
     1860        under Sections 2.1 or 2.2, Contributor must include a text file
     1861        with the Source Code distribution titled "LEGAL" which describes
     1862        the claim and the party making the claim in sufficient detail
     1863        that a recipient will know whom to contact. If Contributor
     1864        obtains such knowledge after the Modification is made available
     1865        as described in Section 3.2, Contributor shall promptly modify
     1866        the LEGAL file in all copies Contributor makes available
     1867        thereafter and shall take other steps (such as notifying
     1868        appropriate mailing lists or newsgroups) reasonably calculated
     1869        to inform those who received the Covered Code that new knowledge
     1870        has been obtained.
     1871      </para>
     1872
     1873      <para>
     1874        (b) Contributor APIs. If Contributor's Modifications include an
     1875        application programming interface and Contributor has knowledge
     1876        of patent licenses which are reasonably necessary to implement
     1877        that API, Contributor must also include this information in the
     1878        LEGAL file.
     1879      </para>
     1880
     1881      <para>
     1882        3.5. Required Notices. You must duplicate the notice in Exhibit
     1883        A in each file of the Source Code. If it is not possible to put
     1884        such notice in a particular Source Code file due to its
     1885        structure, then You must include such notice in a location (such
     1886        as a relevant directory) where a user would be likely to look
     1887        for such a notice. If You created one or more Modification(s)
     1888        You may add your name as a Contributor to the notice described
     1889        in Exhibit A. You must also duplicate this License in any
     1890        documentation for the Source Code where You describe recipients'
     1891        rights or ownership rights relating to Covered Code. You may
     1892        choose to offer, and to charge a fee for, warranty, support,
     1893        indemnity or liability obligations to one or more recipients of
     1894        Covered Code. However, You may do so only on Your own behalf,
     1895        and not on behalf of the Initial Developer or any Contributor.
     1896        You must make it absolutely clear than any such warranty,
     1897        support, indemnity or liability obligation is offered by You
     1898        alone, and You hereby agree to indemnify the Initial Developer
     1899        and every Contributor for any liability incurred by the Initial
     1900        Developer or such Contributor as a result of warranty, support,
     1901        indemnity or liability terms You offer.
     1902      </para>
     1903
     1904      <para>
     1905        3.6. Distribution of Executable Versions. You may distribute
     1906        Covered Code in Executable form only if the requirements of
     1907        Section 3.1-3.5 have been met for that Covered Code, and if You
     1908        include a notice stating that the Source Code version of the
     1909        Covered Code is available under the terms of this License,
     1910        including a description of how and where You have fulfilled the
     1911        obligations of Section 3.2. The notice must be conspicuously
     1912        included in any notice in an Executable version, related
     1913        documentation or collateral in which You describe recipients'
     1914        rights relating to the Covered Code. You may distribute the
     1915        Executable version of Covered Code or ownership rights under a
     1916        license of Your choice, which may contain terms different from
     1917        this License, provided that You are in compliance with the terms
     1918        of this License and that the license for the Executable version
     1919        does not attempt to limit or alter the recipient's rights in the
     1920        Source Code version from the rights set forth in this License.
     1921        If You distribute the Executable version under a different
     1922        license You must make it absolutely clear that any terms which
     1923        differ from this License are offered by You alone, not by the
     1924        Initial Developer or any Contributor. You hereby agree to
     1925        indemnify the Initial Developer and every Contributor for any
     1926        liability incurred by the Initial Developer or such Contributor
     1927        as a result of any such terms You offer.
     1928      </para>
     1929
     1930      <para>
     1931        3.7. Larger Works. You may create a Larger Work by combining
     1932        Covered Code with other code not governed by the terms of this
     1933        License and distribute the Larger Work as a single product. In
     1934        such a case, You must make sure the requirements of this License
     1935        are fulfilled for the Covered Code.
     1936      </para>
     1937
     1938      <para>
     1939        4. Inability to Comply Due to Statute or Regulation.If it is
     1940        impossible for You to comply with any of the terms of this
     1941        License with respect to some or all of the Covered Code due to
     1942        statute, judicial order, or regulation then You must: (a) comply
     1943        with the terms of this License to the maximum extent possible;
     1944        and (b) describe the limitations and the code they affect. Such
     1945        description must be included in the LEGAL file described in
     1946        Section 3.4 and must be included with all distributions of the
     1947        Source Code. Except to the extent prohibited by statute or
     1948        regulation, such description must be sufficiently detailed for a
     1949        recipient of ordinary skill to be able to understand it.
     1950      </para>
     1951
     1952      <para>
     1953        5. Application of this License. This License applies to code to
     1954        which the Initial Developer has attached the notice in Exhibit A
     1955        and to related Covered Code.
     1956      </para>
     1957
     1958      <para>
     1959        6. Versions of the License.
     1960      </para>
     1961
     1962      <para>
     1963        6.1. New Versions. Netscape Communications Corporation
     1964        ("Netscape") may publish revised and/or new versions of the
     1965        License from time to time. Each version will be given a
     1966        distinguishing version number.
     1967      </para>
     1968
     1969      <para>
     1970        6.2. Effect of New Versions. Once Covered Code has been
     1971        published under a particular version of the License, You may
     1972        always continue to use it under the terms of that version. You
     1973        may also choose to use such Covered Code under the terms of any
     1974        subsequent version of the License published by Netscape. No one
     1975        other than Netscape has the right to modify the terms applicable
     1976        to Covered Code created under this License.
     1977      </para>
     1978
     1979      <para>
     1980        6.3. Derivative Works. If You create or use a modified version
     1981        of this License (which you may only do in order to apply it to
     1982        code which is not already Covered Code governed by this
     1983        License), You must (a) rename Your license so that the phrases
     1984        "Mozilla", "MOZILLAPL", "MOZPL", "Netscape", "MPL", "NPL" or any
     1985        confusingly similar phrase do not appear in your license (except
     1986        to note that your license differs from this License) and (b)
     1987        otherwise make it clear that Your version of the license
     1988        contains terms which differ from the Mozilla Public License and
     1989        Netscape Public License. (Filling in the name of the Initial
     1990        Developer, Original Code or Contributor in the notice described
     1991        in Exhibit A shall not of themselves be deemed to be
     1992        modifications of this License.)
     1993      </para>
     1994
     1995      <para>
     1996        7. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY.
     1997      </para>
     1998
     1999      <para>
     2000        COVERED CODE IS PROVIDED UNDER THIS LICENSE ON AN "AS IS" BASIS,
     2001        WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED,
     2002        INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES THAT THE COVERED CODE
     2003        IS FREE OF DEFECTS, MERCHANTABLE, FIT FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
     2004        OR NON-INFRINGING. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND
     2005        PERFORMANCE OF THE COVERED CODE IS WITH YOU. SHOULD ANY COVERED
     2006        CODE PROVE DEFECTIVE IN ANY RESPECT, YOU (NOT THE INITIAL
     2007        DEVELOPER OR ANY OTHER CONTRIBUTOR) ASSUME THE COST OF ANY
     2008        NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. THIS DISCLAIMER OF
     2009        WARRANTY CONSTITUTES AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THIS LICENSE. NO USE
     2010        OF ANY COVERED CODE IS AUTHORIZED HEREUNDER EXCEPT UNDER THIS
     2011        DISCLAIMER.
     2012      </para>
     2013
     2014      <para>
     2015        8. TERMINATION.
     2016      </para>
     2017
     2018      <para>
     2019        8.1. This License and the rights granted hereunder will
     2020        terminate automatically if You fail to comply with terms herein
     2021        and fail to cure such breach within 30 days of becoming aware of
     2022        the breach. All sublicenses to the Covered Code which are
     2023        properly granted shall survive any termination of this License.
     2024        Provisions which, by their nature, must remain in effect beyond
     2025        the termination of this License shall survive.
     2026      </para>
     2027
     2028      <para>
     2029        8.2. If You initiate litigation by asserting a patent
     2030        infringement claim (excluding declaratory judgment actions)
     2031        against Initial Developer or a Contributor (the Initial
     2032        Developer or Contributor against whom You file such action is
     2033        referred to as "Participant") alleging that:
     2034      </para>
     2035
     2036      <para>
     2037        (a) such Participant's Contributor Version directly or
     2038        indirectly infringes any patent, then any and all rights granted
     2039        by such Participant to You under Sections 2.1 and/or 2.2 of this
     2040        License shall, upon 60 days notice from Participant terminate
     2041        prospectively, unless if within 60 days after receipt of notice
     2042        You either: (i) agree in writing to pay Participant a mutually
     2043        agreeable reasonable royalty for Your past and future use of
     2044        Modifications made by such Participant, or (ii) withdraw Your
     2045        litigation claim with respect to the Contributor Version against
     2046        such Participant. If within 60 days of notice, a reasonable
     2047        royalty and payment arrangement are not mutually agreed upon in
     2048        writing by the parties or the litigation claim is not withdrawn,
     2049        the rights granted by Participant to You under Sections 2.1
     2050        and/or 2.2 automatically terminate at the expiration of the 60
     2051        day notice period specified above.
     2052      </para>
     2053
     2054      <para>
     2055        (b) any software, hardware, or device, other than such
     2056        Participant's Contributor Version, directly or indirectly
     2057        infringes any patent, then any rights granted to You by such
     2058        Participant under Sections 2.1(b) and 2.2(b) are revoked
     2059        effective as of the date You first made, used, sold,
     2060        distributed, or had made, Modifications made by that
     2061        Participant.
     2062      </para>
     2063
     2064      <para>
     2065        8.3. If You assert a patent infringement claim against
     2066        Participant alleging that such Participant's Contributor Version
     2067        directly or indirectly infringes any patent where such claim is
     2068        resolved (such as by license or settlement) prior to the
     2069        initiation of patent infringement litigation, then the
     2070        reasonable value of the licenses granted by such Participant
     2071        under Sections 2.1 or 2.2 shall be taken into account in
     2072        determining the amount or value of any payment or license.
     2073      </para>
     2074
     2075      <para>
     2076        8.4. In the event of termination under Sections 8.1 or 8.2
     2077        above, all end user license agreements (excluding distributors
     2078        and resellers) which have been validly granted by You or any
     2079        distributor hereunder prior to termination shall survive
     2080        termination.
     2081      </para>
     2082
     2083      <para>
     2084        9. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES AND UNDER NO
     2085        LEGAL THEORY, WHETHER TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), CONTRACT, OR
     2086        OTHERWISE, SHALL YOU, THE INITIAL DEVELOPER, ANY OTHER
     2087        CONTRIBUTOR, OR ANY DISTRIBUTOR OF COVERED CODE, OR ANY SUPPLIER
     2088        OF ANY OF SUCH PARTIES, BE LIABLE TO ANY PERSON FOR ANY
     2089        INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY
     2090        CHARACTER INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF
     2091        GOODWILL, WORK STOPPAGE, COMPUTER FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION, OR ANY
     2092        AND ALL OTHER COMMERCIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES, EVEN IF SUCH PARTY
     2093        SHALL HAVE BEEN INFORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
     2094        THIS LIMITATION OF LIABILITY SHALL NOT APPLY TO LIABILITY FOR
     2095        DEATH OR PERSONAL INJURY RESULTING FROM SUCH PARTY'S NEGLIGENCE
     2096        TO THE EXTENT APPLICABLE LAW PROHIBITS SUCH LIMITATION. SOME
     2097        JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF
     2098        INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THIS EXCLUSION AND
     2099        LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
     2100      </para>
     2101
     2102      <para>
     2103        10. U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS. The Covered Code is a "commercial
     2104        item," as that term is defined in 48 C.F.R. 2.101 (Oct. 1995),
     2105        consisting of "commercial computer software" and "commercial
     2106        computer software documentation," as such terms are used in 48
     2107        C.F.R. 12.212 (Sept. 1995). Consistent with 48 C.F.R. 12.212 and
     2108        48 C.F.R. 227.7202-1 through 227.7202-4 (June 1995), all U.S.
     2109        Government End Users acquire Covered Code with only those rights
     2110        set forth herein.
     2111      </para>
     2112
     2113      <para>
     2114        11. MISCELLANEOUS. This License represents the complete
     2115        agreement concerning subject matter hereof. If any provision of
     2116        this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall
     2117        be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.
     2118        This License shall be governed by California law provisions
     2119        (except to the extent applicable law, if any, provides
     2120        otherwise), excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. With
     2121        respect to disputes in which at least one party is a citizen of,
     2122        or an entity chartered or registered to do business in the
     2123        United States of America, any litigation relating to this
     2124        License shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the Federal
     2125        Courts of the Northern District of California, with venue lying
     2126        in Santa Clara County, California, with the losing party
     2127        responsible for costs, including without limitation, court costs
     2128        and reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses. The application of
     2129        the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International
     2130        Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any law or regulation which
     2131        provides that the language of a contract shall be construed
     2132        against the drafter shall not apply to this License.
     2133      </para>
     2134
     2135      <para>
     2136        12. RESPONSIBILITY FOR CLAIMS. As between Initial Developer and
     2137        the Contributors, each party is responsible for claims and
     2138        damages arising, directly or indirectly, out of its utilization
     2139        of rights under this License and You agree to work with Initial
     2140        Developer and Contributors to distribute such responsibility on
     2141        an equitable basis. Nothing herein is intended or shall be
     2142        deemed to constitute any admission of liability.
     2143      </para>
     2144
     2145      <para>
     2146        13. MULTIPLE-LICENSED CODE. Initial Developer may designate
     2147        portions of the Covered Code as "Multiple-Licensed".
     2148        "Multiple-Licensed" means that the Initial Developer permits you
     2149        to utilize portions of the Covered Code under Your choice of the
     2150        NPL or the alternative licenses, if any, specified by the
     2151        Initial Developer in the file described in Exhibit A.
     2152      </para>
     2153
     2154      <para>
     2155        EXHIBIT A -Mozilla Public License.
     2156      </para>
     2157
     2158      <para>
     2159        ``The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public
     2160        License Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file
     2161        except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
     2162        the License at http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
     2163      </para>
     2164
     2165      <para>
     2166        Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS
     2167        IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or
     2168        implied. See the License for the specific language governing
     2169        rights and limitations under the License.
     2170      </para>
     2171
     2172      <para>
     2173        The Original Code is ______________________________________.
     2174      </para>
     2175
     2176      <para>
     2177        The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
     2178        ________________________. Portions created by
     2179        ______________________ are Copyright (C) ______
     2180        _______________________. All Rights Reserved.
     2181      </para>
     2182
     2183      <para>
     2184        Contributor(s): ______________________________________.
     2185      </para>
     2186
     2187      <para>
     2188        Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the
     2189        terms of the _____ license (the "[___] License"), in which case
     2190        the provisions of [______] License are applicable instead of
     2191        those above. If you wish to allow use of your version of this
     2192        file only under the terms of the [____] License and not to allow
     2193        others to use your version of this file under the MPL, indicate
     2194        your decision by deleting the provisions above and replace them
     2195        with the notice and other provisions required by the [___]
     2196        License. If you do not delete the provisions above, a recipient
     2197        may use your version of this file under either the MPL or the
     2198        [___] License."
     2199      </para>
     2200
     2201      <para>
     2202        [NOTE: The text of this Exhibit A may differ slightly from the
     2203        text of the notices in the Source Code files of the Original
     2204        Code. You should use the text of this Exhibit A rather than the
     2205        text found in the Original Code Source Code for Your
     2206        Modifications.]
     2207      </para>
     2208
    15652209    </sect2>
    15662210
    15672211    <sect2 id="licMIT">
     2212
    15682213      <title>MIT License</title>
    15692214
    1570       <para>Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
    1571       obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
    1572       (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
    1573       without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
    1574       distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
    1575       permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
    1576       the following conditions:</para>
    1577 
    1578       <para>The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
    1579       included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.</para>
    1580 
    1581       <para>THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
    1582       EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
    1583       MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
    1584       IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
    1585       CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
    1586       TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
    1587       SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.</para>
     2215      <para>
     2216        Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
     2217        obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
     2218        files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
     2219        restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
     2220        copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
     2221        sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
     2222        Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
     2223        conditions:
     2224      </para>
     2225
     2226      <para>
     2227        The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
     2228        included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
     2229      </para>
     2230
     2231      <para>
     2232        THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
     2233        EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
     2234        OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
     2235        NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
     2236        HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
     2237        WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
     2238        FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
     2239        OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
     2240      </para>
     2241
    15882242    </sect2>
    15892243
    15902244    <sect2 id="licX11">
     2245
    15912246      <title>X Consortium License (X11)</title>
    15922247
    1593       <para>Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
    1594       obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
    1595       (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
    1596       without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
    1597       distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
    1598       permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
    1599       the following conditions:</para>
    1600 
    1601       <para>The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
    1602       included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.</para>
    1603 
    1604       <para>THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
    1605       EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
    1606       MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
    1607       IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
    1608       CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
    1609       TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
    1610       SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.</para>
     2248      <para>
     2249        Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
     2250        obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
     2251        files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
     2252        restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
     2253        copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
     2254        sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
     2255        Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
     2256        conditions:
     2257      </para>
     2258
     2259      <para>
     2260        The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
     2261        included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
     2262      </para>
     2263
     2264      <para>
     2265        THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
     2266        EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
     2267        OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
     2268        NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
     2269        HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
     2270        WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
     2271        FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
     2272        OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
     2273      </para>
     2274
    16112275    </sect2>
    16122276
    16132277    <sect2 id="licZLIB">
     2278
    16142279      <title>zlib License</title>
    16152280
    1616       <para>This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
    1617       warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
    1618       arising from the use of this software.</para>
    1619 
    1620       <para>Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any
    1621       purpose, including commercial applications, and to alter it and
    1622       redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:</para>
    1623 
    1624       <para>1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you
    1625       must not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this
    1626       software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation
    1627       would be appreciated but is not required.</para>
    1628 
    1629       <para>2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and
    1630       must not be misrepresented as being the original software.</para>
    1631 
    1632       <para>3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source
    1633       distribution.</para>
    1634 
    1635       <screen>Jean-loup Gailly        Mark Adler
     2281      <para>
     2282        This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or
     2283        implied warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable
     2284        for any damages arising from the use of this software.
     2285      </para>
     2286
     2287      <para>
     2288        Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any
     2289        purpose, including commercial applications, and to alter it and
     2290        redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:
     2291      </para>
     2292
     2293      <para>
     2294        1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you
     2295        must not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use
     2296        this software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product
     2297        documentation would be appreciated but is not required.
     2298      </para>
     2299
     2300      <para>
     2301        2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and
     2302        must not be misrepresented as being the original software.
     2303      </para>
     2304
     2305      <para>
     2306        3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source
     2307        distribution.
     2308      </para>
     2309
     2310<screen>Jean-loup Gailly        Mark Adler
    16362311[email protected]          [email protected]</screen>
     2312
    16372313    </sect2>
    16382314
    16392315    <sect2 id="licSSL">
     2316
    16402317      <title>OpenSSL License</title>
    16412318
    1642       <para>This package is an SSL implementation written by Eric Young
    1643       ([email protected]). The implementation was written so as to conform
    1644       with Netscape's SSL.</para>
    1645 
    1646       <para>This library is free for commercial and non-commercial use as long
    1647       as the following conditions are adhered to. The following conditions
    1648       apply to all code found in this distribution, be it the RC4, RSA, lhash,
    1649       DES, etc., code; not just the SSL code. The SSL documentation included
    1650       with this distribution is covered by the same copyright terms except
    1651       that the holder is Tim Hudson ([email protected]).</para>
    1652 
    1653       <para>Copyright remains Eric Young's, and as such any Copyright notices
    1654       in the code are not to be removed. If this package is used in a product,
    1655       Eric Young should be given attribution as the author of the parts of the
    1656       library used. This can be in the form of a textual message at program
    1657       startup or in documentation (online or textual) provided with the
    1658       package.</para>
    1659 
    1660       <para>Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    1661       modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
    1662       met:</para>
    1663 
    1664       <para>1. Redistributions of source code must retain the copyright
    1665       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.</para>
    1666 
    1667       <para>2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
    1668       copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
    1669       in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
    1670       distribution.</para>
    1671 
    1672       <para>3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this
    1673       software must display the following acknowledgement: "This product
    1674       includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young
    1675       ([email protected])" The word 'cryptographic' can be left out if the
    1676       routines from the library being used are not cryptographic related
    1677       :-).</para>
    1678 
    1679       <para>4. If you include any Windows specific code (or a derivative
    1680       thereof) from the apps directory (application code) you must include an
    1681       acknowledgement: "This product includes software written by Tim Hudson
    1682       ([email protected])"</para>
    1683 
    1684       <para>THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY ERIC YOUNG ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
    1685       OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
    1686       WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
    1687       DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
    1688       ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
    1689       DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
    1690       OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
    1691       HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
    1692       STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
    1693       ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
    1694       POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.</para>
    1695 
    1696       <para>The licence and distribution terms for any publicly available
    1697       version or derivative of this code cannot be changed. i.e. this code
    1698       cannot simply be copied and put under another distribution licence
    1699       [including the GNU Public Licence.]</para>
    1700     </sect2>
    1701 
    1702     <sect2 id="licSlirp">
    1703       <title>Slirp License</title>
    1704 
    1705       <para>Copyright (c) 1995,1996 Danny Gasparovski.  All rights reserved.</para>
    1706 
    1707       <para>Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    1708       modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
    1709       met:</para>
    1710 
    1711       <para>1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
    1712       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.</para>
    1713 
    1714       <para>2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
    1715       copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
    1716       in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
    1717       distribution.</para>
    1718 
    1719       <para>3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this
    1720       software must display the following acknowledgment: This product
    1721       includes software developed by Danny Gasparovski.</para>
    1722 
    1723       <para>THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
    1724       WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
    1725       MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN
    1726       NO EVENT SHALL DANNY GASPAROVSKI OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
    1727       DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
    1728       DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
    1729       OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
    1730       HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
    1731       STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
    1732       ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
    1733       POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.</para>
    1734     </sect2>
    1735 
    1736     <sect2 id="licLZF">
    1737       <title>liblzf License</title>
    1738 
    1739       <para>Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    1740       modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
    1741       met:</para>
    1742 
    1743       <para>1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
    1744       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.</para>
    1745 
    1746       <para>2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
    1747       copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
    1748       in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
    1749       distribution.</para>
    1750 
    1751       <para>3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
    1752       products derived from this software without specific prior written
    1753       permission.</para>
    1754 
    1755       <para>THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
    1756       OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
    1757       WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
    1758       DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
    1759       INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
    1760       (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
    1761       SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
    1762       HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
    1763       STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
    1764       ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
    1765       POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.</para>
    1766     </sect2>
    1767 
    1768     <sect2 id="liclibping">
    1769       <title>libpng License</title>
    1770 
    1771       <para>The PNG Reference Library is supplied "AS IS". The Contributing
    1772       Authors and Group 42, Inc. disclaim all warranties, expressed or
    1773       implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of
    1774       merchantability and of fitness for any purpose. The Contributing Authors
    1775       and Group 42, Inc. assume no liability for direct, indirect, incidental,
    1776       special, exemplary, or consequential damages, which may result from the
    1777       use of the PNG Reference Library, even if advised of the possibility of
    1778       such damage.</para>
    1779 
    1780       <para>Permission is hereby granted to use, copy, modify, and distribute
    1781       this source code, or portions hereof, for any purpose, without fee,
    1782       subject to the following restrictions:</para>
    1783 
    1784       <para>1. The origin of this source code must not be
    1785       misrepresented.</para>
    1786 
    1787       <para>2. Altered versions must be plainly marked as such and must not be
    1788       misrepresented as being the original source.</para>
    1789 
    1790       <para>3. This Copyright notice may not be removed or altered from any
    1791       source or altered source distribution.</para>
    1792 
    1793       <para>The Contributing Authors and Group 42, Inc. specifically permit,
    1794       without fee, and encourage the use of this source code as a component to
    1795       supporting the PNG file format in commercial products. If you use this
    1796       source code in a product, acknowledgment is not required but would be
    1797       appreciated.</para>
    1798     </sect2>
    1799 
    1800     <sect2 id="licLWIP">
    1801       <title>lwIP License</title>
    1802 
    1803       <para>Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    1804       modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
    1805       met:</para>
    1806 
    1807       <para>1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
    1808       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.</para>
    1809 
    1810       <para>2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
    1811       copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
    1812       in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
    1813       distribution.</para>
    1814 
    1815       <para>3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
    1816       products derived from this software without specific prior written
    1817       permission.</para>
    1818 
    1819       <para>THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
    1820       OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
    1821       WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
    1822       DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
    1823       INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
    1824       (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
    1825       SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
    1826       HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
    1827       STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
    1828       ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
    1829       POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.</para>
    1830     </sect2>
    1831 
    1832     <sect2 id="licLibXML">
    1833       <title>libxml License</title>
    1834 
    1835       <para>Except where otherwise noted in the source code (e.g. the files
    1836       hash.c, list.c and the trio files, which are covered by a similar
    1837       licence but with different Copyright notices) all the files are:</para>
    1838 
    1839       <para>Copyright (C) 1998-2003 Daniel Veillard. All Rights
    1840       Reserved.</para>
    1841 
    1842       <para>Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
    1843       obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
    1844       (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
    1845       without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
    1846       distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
    1847       permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
    1848       the following conditions:</para>
    1849 
    1850       <para>The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
    1851       included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.</para>
    1852 
    1853       <para>THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
    1854       EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
    1855       MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
    1856       IN NO EVENT SHALL THE DANIEL VEILLARD BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES
    1857       OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
    1858       ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
    1859       OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.</para>
    1860 
    1861       <para>Except as contained in this notice, the name of Daniel Veillard
    1862       shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use
    1863       or other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization
    1864       from him.</para>
    1865     </sect2>
    1866 
    1867     <sect2 id="licLibXSLT">
    1868       <title>libxslt Licenses</title>
    1869 
    1870       <para>Licence for libxslt except libexslt:</para>
    1871 
    1872       <para>Copyright (C) 2001-2002 Daniel Veillard. All Rights
    1873       Reserved.</para>
    1874 
    1875       <para>Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
    1876       obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
    1877       (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
    1878       without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
    1879       distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
    1880       permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
    1881       the following conditions:</para>
    1882 
    1883       <para>The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
    1884       included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.</para>
    1885 
    1886       <para>THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
    1887       EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
    1888       MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
    1889       IN NO EVENT SHALL THE DANIEL VEILLARD BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES
    1890       OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
    1891       ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
    1892       OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.</para>
    1893 
    1894       <para>Except as contained in this notice, the name of Daniel Veillard
    1895       shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use
    1896       or other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization
    1897       from him.</para>
    1898 
    1899       <para>Licence for libexslt:</para>
    1900 
    1901       <para>Copyright (C) 2001-2002 Thomas Broyer, Charlie Bozeman and Daniel
    1902       Veillard. All Rights Reserved.</para>
    1903 
    1904       <para>Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
    1905       obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
    1906       (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
    1907       without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
    1908       distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
    1909       permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
    1910       the following conditions:</para>
    1911 
    1912       <para>The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
    1913       included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.</para>
    1914 
    1915       <para>THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
    1916       EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
    1917       MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
    1918       IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
    1919       LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
    1920       FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
    1921       DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.</para>
    1922 
    1923       <para>Except as contained in this notice, the name of the authors shall
    1924       not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or
    1925       other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization from
    1926       him.</para>
    1927     </sect2>
    1928 
    1929     <sect2 id="licgSOAP">
    1930       <title>gSOAP Public License Version 1.3a</title>
    1931 
    1932       <para>The gSOAP public license is derived from the Mozilla Public
    1933       License (MPL1.1). The sections that were deleted from the original
    1934       MPL1.1 text are 1.0.1, 2.1.(c),(d), 2.2.(c),(d), 8.2.(b), 10, and 11.
    1935       Section 3.8 was added. The modified sections are 2.1.(b), 2.2.(b), 3.2
    1936       (simplified), 3.5 (deleted the last sentence), and 3.6
    1937       (simplified).</para>
    1938 
    1939       <para>1 DEFINITIONS</para>
    1940 
    1941       <para>1.1. "Contributor" means each entity that creates or contributes
    1942       to the creation of Modifications.</para>
    1943 
    1944       <para>1.2. "Contributor Version" means the combination of the Original
    1945       Code, prior Modifications used by a Contributor, and the Modifications
    1946       made by that particular Contributor.</para>
    1947 
    1948       <para>1.3. "Covered Code" means the Original Code, or Modifications or
    1949       the combination of the Original Code, and Modifications, in each case
    1950       including portions thereof.</para>
    1951 
    1952       <para>1.4. "Electronic Distribution Mechanism" means a mechanism
    1953       generally accepted in the software development community for the
    1954       electronic transfer of data.</para>
    1955 
    1956       <para>1.5. "Executable" means Covered Code in any form other than Source
    1957       Code.</para>
    1958 
    1959       <para>1.6. "Initial Developer" means the individual or entity identified
    1960       as the Initial Developer in the Source Code notice required by Exhibit
    1961       A.</para>
    1962 
    1963       <para>1.7. "Larger Work" means a work which combines Covered Code or
    1964       portions thereof with code not governed by the terms of this
    1965       License.</para>
    1966 
    1967       <para>1.8. "License" means this document.</para>
    1968 
    1969       <para>1.8.1. "Licensable" means having the right to grant, to the
    1970       maximum extent possible, whether at the time of the initial grant or
    1971       subsequently acquired, any and all of the rights conveyed herein.</para>
    1972 
    1973       <para>1.9. "Modifications" means any addition to or deletion from the
    1974       substance or structure of either the Original Code or any previous
    1975       Modifications. When Covered Code is released as a series of files, a
    1976       Modification is:</para>
    1977 
    1978       <para>A. Any addition to or deletion from the contents of a file
    1979       containing Original Code or previous Modifications.</para>
    1980 
    1981       <para>B. Any new file that contains any part of the Original Code, or
    1982       previous Modifications.</para>
    1983 
    1984       <para>1.10. "Original Code" means Source Code of computer software code
    1985       which is described in the Source Code notice required by Exhibit A as
    1986       Original Code, and which, at the time of its release under this License
    1987       is not already Covered Code governed by this License.</para>
    1988 
    1989       <para>1.10.1. "Patent Claims" means any patent claim(s), now owned or
    1990       hereafter acquired, including without limitation, method, process, and
    1991       apparatus claims, in any patent Licensable by grantor.</para>
    1992 
    1993       <para>1.11. "Source Code" means the preferred form of the Covered Code
    1994       for making modifications to it, including all modules it contains, plus
    1995       any associated interface definition files, scripts used to control
    1996       compilation and installation of an Executable, or source code
    1997       differential comparisons against either the Original Code or another
    1998       well known, available Covered Code of the Contributor's choice. The
    1999       Source Code can be in a compressed or archival form, provided the
    2000       appropriate decompression or de-archiving software is widely available
    2001       for no charge.</para>
    2002 
    2003       <para>1.12. "You" (or "Your") means an individual or a legal entity
    2004       exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this
    2005       License or a future version of this License issued under Section 6.1.
    2006       For legal entities, "You" includes any entity which controls, is
    2007       controlled by, or is under common control with You. For purposes of this
    2008       definition, "control" means (a) the power, direct or indirect, to cause
    2009       the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
    2010       otherwise, or (b) ownership of more than fifty percent (50%) of the
    2011       outstanding shares or beneficial ownership of such entity.</para>
    2012 
    2013       <para>2 SOURCE CODE LICENSE.</para>
    2014 
    2015       <para>2.1. The Initial Developer Grant.</para>
    2016 
    2017       <para>The Initial Developer hereby grants You a world-wide,
    2018       royalty-free, non-exclusive license, subject to third party intellectual
    2019       property claims:</para>
    2020 
    2021       <para>(a) under intellectual property rights (other than patent or
    2022       trademark) Licensable by Initial Developer to use, reproduce, modify,
    2023       display, perform, sublicense and distribute the Original Code (or
    2024       portions thereof) with or without Modifications, and/or as part of a
    2025       Larger Work; and</para>
    2026 
    2027       <para>(b) under patents now or hereafter owned or controlled by Initial
    2028       Developer, to make, have made, use and sell ("offer to sell and import")
    2029       the Original Code, Modifications, or portions thereof, but solely to the
    2030       extent that any such patent is reasonably necessary to enable You to
    2031       utilize, alone or in combination with other software, the Original Code,
    2032       Modifications, or any combination or portions thereof.</para>
    2033 
    2034       <para>(c)</para>
    2035 
    2036       <para>(d)</para>
    2037 
    2038       <para>2.2. Contributor Grant.</para>
    2039 
    2040       <para>Subject to third party intellectual property claims, each
    2041       Contributor hereby grants You a world-wide, royalty-free, non-exclusive
    2042       license</para>
    2043 
    2044       <para>(a) under intellectual property rights (other than patent or
    2045       trademark) Licensable by Contributor, to use, reproduce, modify,
    2046       display, perform, sublicense and distribute the Modifications created by
    2047       such Contributor (or portions thereof) either on an unmodified basis,
    2048       with other Modifications, as Covered Code and/or as part of a Larger
    2049       Work; and</para>
    2050 
    2051       <para>(b) under patents now or hereafter owned or controlled by
    2052       Contributor, to make, have made, use and sell ("offer to sell and
    2053       import") the Contributor Version (or portions thereof), but solely to
    2054       the extent that any such patent is reasonably necessary to enable You to
    2055       utilize, alone or in combination with other software, the Contributor
    2056       Version (or portions thereof).</para>
    2057 
    2058       <para>(c)</para>
    2059 
    2060       <para>(d)</para>
    2061 
    2062       <para>3 DISTRIBUTION OBLIGATIONS.</para>
    2063 
    2064       <para>3.1. Application of License.</para>
    2065 
    2066       <para>The Modifications which You create or to which You contribute are
    2067       governed by the terms of this License, including without limitation
    2068       Section 2.2. The Source Code version of Covered Code may be distributed
    2069       only under the terms of this License or a future version of this License
    2070       released under Section 6.1, and You must include a copy of this License
    2071       with every copy of the Source Code You distribute. You may not offer or
    2072       impose any terms on any Source Code version that alters or restricts the
    2073       applicable version of this License or the recipients' rights hereunder.
    2074       However, You may include an additional document offering the additional
    2075       rights described in Section 3.5.</para>
    2076 
    2077       <para>3.2. Availability of Source Code.</para>
    2078 
    2079       <para>Any Modification created by You will be provided to the Initial
    2080       Developer in Source Code form and are subject to the terms of the
    2081       License. 3.3. Description of Modifications.</para>
    2082 
    2083       <para>You must cause all Covered Code to which You contribute to contain
    2084       a file documenting the changes You made to create that Covered Code and
    2085       the date of any change. You must include a prominent statement that the
    2086       Modification is derived, directly or indirectly, from Original Code
    2087       provided by the Initial Developer and including the name of the Initial
    2088       Developer in (a) the Source Code, and (b) in any notice in an Executable
    2089       version or related documentation in which You describe the origin or
    2090       ownership of the Covered Code.</para>
    2091 
    2092       <para>3.4. Intellectual Property Matters.</para>
    2093 
    2094       <para>(a) Third Party Claims. If Contributor has knowledge that a
    2095       license under a third party's intellectual property rights is required
    2096       to exercise the rights granted by such Contributor under Sections 2.1 or
    2097       2.2, Contributor must include a text file with the Source Code
    2098       distribution titled "LEGAL" which describes the claim and the party
    2099       making the claim in sufficient detail that a recipient will know whom to
    2100       contact. If Contributor obtains such knowledge after the Modification is
    2101       made available as described in Section 3.2, Contributor shall promptly
    2102       modify the LEGAL file in all copies Contributor makes available
    2103       thereafter and shall take other steps (such as notifying appropriate
    2104       mailing lists or newsgroups) reasonably calculated to inform those who
    2105       received the Covered Code that new knowledge has been obtained.</para>
    2106 
    2107       <para>(b) Contributor APIs. If Contributor's Modifications include an
    2108       application programming interface and Contributor has knowledge of
    2109       patent licenses which are reasonably necessary to implement that API,
    2110       Contributor must also include this information in the LEGAL file.</para>
    2111 
    2112       <para>(c) Representations. Contributor represents that, except as
    2113       disclosed pursuant to Section 3.4(a) above, Contributor believes that
    2114       Contributor's Modifications are Contributor's original creation(s)
    2115       and/or Contributor has sufficient rights to grant the rights conveyed by
    2116       this License.</para>
    2117 
    2118       <para>3.5. Required Notices. You must duplicate the notice in Exhibit A
    2119       in each file of the Source Code. If it is not possible to put such
    2120       notice in a particular Source Code file due to its structure, then You
    2121       must include such notice in a location (such as a relevant directory)
    2122       where a user would be likely to look for such a notice. If You created
    2123       one or more Modification(s) You may add your name as a Contributor to
    2124       the notice described in Exhibit A. You must also duplicate this License
    2125       in any documentation for the Source Code where You describe recipients'
    2126       rights or ownership rights relating to Covered Code. You may choose to
    2127       offer, and to charge a fee for, warranty, support, indemnity or
    2128       liability obligations to one or more recipients of Covered Code.
    2129       However, You may do so only on Your own behalf, and not on behalf of the
    2130       Initial Developer or any Contributor.</para>
    2131 
    2132       <para>3.6. Distribution of Executable Versions. You may distribute
    2133       Covered Code in Executable form only if the requirements of Section
    2134       3.1-3.5 have been met for that Covered Code. You may distribute the
    2135       Executable version of Covered Code or ownership rights under a license
    2136       of Your choice, which may contain terms different from this License,
    2137       provided that You are in compliance with the terms of this License and
    2138       that the license for the Executable version does not attempt to limit or
    2139       alter the recipient's rights in the Source Code version from the rights
    2140       set forth in this License. If You distribute the Executable version
    2141       under a different license You must make it absolutely clear that any
    2142       terms which differ from this License are offered by You alone, not by
    2143       the Initial Developer or any Contributor. If you distribute executable
    2144       versions containing Covered Code as part of a product, you must
    2145       reproduce the notice in Exhibit B in the documentation and/or other
    2146       materials provided with the product.</para>
    2147 
    2148       <para>3.7. Larger Works. You may create a Larger Work by combining
    2149       Covered Code with other code not governed by the terms of this License
    2150       and distribute the Larger Work as a single product. In such a case, You
    2151       must make sure the requirements of this License are fulfilled for the
    2152       Covered Code.</para>
    2153 
    2154       <para>3.8. Restrictions. You may not remove any product identification,
    2155       copyright, proprietary notices or labels from gSOAP.</para>
    2156 
    2157       <para>4 INABILITY TO COMPLY DUE TO STATUTE OR REGULATION.</para>
    2158 
    2159       <para>If it is impossible for You to comply with any of the terms of
    2160       this License with respect to some or all of the Covered Code due to
    2161       statute, judicial order, or regulation then You must: (a) comply with
    2162       the terms of this License to the maximum extent possible; and (b)
    2163       describe the limitations and the code they affect. Such description must
    2164       be included in the LEGAL file described in Section 3.4 and must be
    2165       included with all distributions of the Source Code. Except to the extent
    2166       prohibited by statute or regulation, such description must be
    2167       sufficiently detailed for a recipient of ordinary skill to be able to
    2168       understand it.</para>
    2169 
    2170       <para>5 APPLICATION OF THIS LICENSE.</para>
    2171 
    2172       <para>This License applies to code to which the Initial Developer has
    2173       attached the notice in Exhibit A and to related Covered Code.</para>
    2174 
    2175       <para>6 VERSIONS OF THE LICENSE.</para>
    2176 
    2177       <para>6.1. New Versions.</para>
    2178 
    2179       <para>Grantor may publish revised and/or new versions of the License
    2180       from time to time. Each version will be given a distinguishing version
    2181       number.</para>
    2182 
    2183       <para>6.2. Effect of New Versions.</para>
    2184 
    2185       <para>Once Covered Code has been published under a particular version of
    2186       the License, You may always continue to use it under the terms of that
    2187       version. You may also choose to use such Covered Code under the terms of
    2188       any subsequent version of the License.</para>
    2189 
    2190       <para>6.3. Derivative Works.</para>
    2191 
    2192       <para>If You create or use a modified version of this License (which you
    2193       may only do in order to apply it to code which is not already Covered
    2194       Code governed by this License), You must (a) rename Your license so that
    2195       the phrase "gSOAP" or any confusingly similar phrase do not appear in
    2196       your license (except to note that your license differs from this
    2197       License) and (b) otherwise make it clear that Your version of the
    2198       license contains terms which differ from the gSOAP Public License.
    2199       (Filling in the name of the Initial Developer, Original Code or
    2200       Contributor in the notice described in Exhibit A shall not of themselves
    2201       be deemed to be modifications of this License.)</para>
    2202 
    2203       <para>7 DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY.</para>
    2204 
    2205       <para>COVERED CODE IS PROVIDED UNDER THIS LICENSE ON AN "AS IS" BASIS,
    2206       WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY,
    2207       INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
    2208       MERCHANTABILITY, OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NONINFRINGEMENT OF
    2209       THIRD PARTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS, AND ANY WARRANTY THAT MAY
    2210       ARISE BY REASON OF TRADE USAGE, CUSTOM, OR COURSE OF DEALING. WITHOUT
    2211       LIMITING THE FOREGOING, YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED
    2212       "AS IS" AND THAT THE AUTHORS DO NOT WARRANT THE SOFTWARE WILL RUN
    2213       UNINTERRUPTED OR ERROR FREE. LIMITED LIABILITY THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO
    2214       RESULTS AND PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE IS ASSUMED BY YOU. UNDER NO
    2215       CIRCUMSTANCES WILL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT,
    2216       INCIDENTAL, EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND OR NATURE
    2217       WHATSOEVER, WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, WARRANTY, TORT (INCLUDING
    2218       NEGLIGENCE), STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY
    2219       RELATED TO THE SOFTWARE, EVEN IF THE AUTHORS HAVE BEEN ADVISED ON THE
    2220       POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE OR IF SUCH DAMAGE COULD HAVE BEEN REASONABLY
    2221       FORESEEN, AND NOTWITHSTANDING ANY FAILURE OF ESSENTIAL PURPOSE OF ANY
    2222       EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED. SUCH LIMITATION ON DAMAGES INCLUDES, BUT IS
    2223       NOT LIMITED TO, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF GOODWILL, LOST PROFITS, LOSS OF DATA
    2224       OR SOFTWARE, WORK STOPPAGE, COMPUTER FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION OR
    2225       IMPAIRMENT OF OTHER GOODS. IN NO EVENT WILL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR
    2226       THE COSTS OF PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE SOFTWARE OR SERVICES. YOU
    2227       ACKNOWLEDGE THAT THIS SOFTWARE IS NOT DESIGNED FOR USE IN ON-LINE
    2228       EQUIPMENT IN HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS SUCH AS OPERATION OF NUCLEAR
    2229       FACILITIES, AIRCRAFT NAVIGATION OR CONTROL, OR LIFE-CRITICAL
    2230       APPLICATIONS. THE AUTHORS EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY LIABILITY RESULTING
    2231       FROM USE OF THE SOFTWARE IN ANY SUCH ON-LINE EQUIPMENT IN HAZARDOUS
    2232       ENVIRONMENTS AND ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY IN RESPECT OF ANY ACTIONS OR
    2233       CLAIMS BASED ON THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE IN ANY SUCH ON-LINE EQUIPMENT IN
    2234       HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS BY YOU. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS PARAGRAPH, THE TERM
    2235       "LIFE-CRITICAL APPLICATION" MEANS AN APPLICATION IN WHICH THE
    2236       FUNCTIONING OR MALFUNCTIONING OF THE SOFTWARE MAY RESULT DIRECTLY OR
    2237       INDIRECTLY IN PHYSICAL INJURY OR LOSS OF HUMAN LIFE. THIS DISCLAIMER OF
    2238       WARRANTY CONSTITUTES AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THIS LICENSE. NO USE OF ANY
    2239       COVERED CODE IS AUTHORIZED HEREUNDER EXCEPT UNDER THIS
    2240       DISCLAIMER.</para>
    2241 
    2242       <para>8 TERMINATION.</para>
    2243 
    2244       <para>8.1.</para>
    2245 
    2246       <para>This License and the rights granted hereunder will terminate
    2247       automatically if You fail to comply with terms herein and fail to cure
    2248       such breach within 30 days of becoming aware of the breach. All
    2249       sublicenses to the Covered Code which are properly granted shall survive
    2250       any termination of this License. Provisions which, by their nature, must
    2251       remain in effect beyond the termination of this License shall
    2252       survive.</para>
    2253 
    2254       <para>8.2.</para>
    2255 
    2256       <para>8.3.</para>
    2257 
    2258       <para>If You assert a patent infringement claim against Participant
    2259       alleging that such Participant's Contributor Version directly or
    2260       indirectly infringes any patent where such claim is resolved (such as by
    2261       license or settlement) prior to the initiation of patent infringement
    2262       litigation, then the reasonable value of the licenses granted by such
    2263       Participant under Sections 2.1 or 2.2 shall be taken into account in
    2264       determining the amount or value of any payment or license.</para>
    2265 
    2266       <para>8.4. In the event of termination under Sections 8.1 or 8.2 above,
    2267       all end user license agreements (excluding distributors and resellers)
    2268       which have been validly granted by You or any distributor hereunder
    2269       prior to termination shall survive termination.</para>
    2270 
    2271       <para>9 LIMITATION OF LIABILITY.</para>
    2272 
    2273       <para>UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES AND UNDER NO LEGAL THEORY, WHETHER TORT
    2274       (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), CONTRACT, OR OTHERWISE, SHALL YOU, THE INITIAL
    2275       DEVELOPER, ANY OTHER CONTRIBUTOR, OR ANY DISTRIBUTOR OF COVERED CODE, OR
    2276       ANY SUPPLIER OF ANY OF SUCH PARTIES, BE LIABLE TO ANY PERSON FOR ANY
    2277       INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY CHARACTER
    2278       INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF GOODWILL, WORK
    2279       STOPPAGE, COMPUTER FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION, OR ANY AND ALL OTHER
    2280       COMMERCIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES, EVEN IF SUCH PARTY SHALL HAVE BEEN
    2281       INFORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THIS LIMITATION OF
    2282       LIABILITY SHALL NOT APPLY TO LIABILITY FOR DEATH OR PERSONAL INJURY
    2283       RESULTING FROM SUCH PARTY'S NEGLIGENCE TO THE EXTENT APPLICABLE LAW
    2284       PROHIBITS SUCH LIMITATION. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION
    2285       OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THIS EXCLUSION
    2286       AND LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.</para>
    2287 
    2288       <para>10 U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS.</para>
    2289 
    2290       <para>11 MISCELLANEOUS.</para>
    2291 
    2292       <para>12 RESPONSIBILITY FOR CLAIMS.</para>
    2293 
    2294       <para>As between Initial Developer and the Contributors, each party is
    2295       responsible for claims and damages arising, directly or indirectly, out
    2296       of its utilization of rights under this License and You agree to work
    2297       with Initial Developer and Contributors to distribute such
    2298       responsibility on an equitable basis. Nothing herein is intended or
    2299       shall be deemed to constitute any admission of liability.</para>
    2300 
    2301       <para>EXHIBIT A.</para>
    2302 
    2303       <para>"The contents of this file are subject to the gSOAP Public License
    2304       Version 1.3 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
    2305       compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
    2306       <ulink
    2307       url="http://www.cs.fsu.edu/~engelen/soaplicense.html">http://www.cs.fsu.edu/~engelen/soaplicense.html</ulink>.
    2308       Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
    2309       basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
    2310       License for the specific language governing rights and limitations under
    2311       the License.</para>
    2312 
    2313       <para>The Original Code of the gSOAP Software is: stdsoap.h, stdsoap2.h,
    2314       stdsoap.c, stdsoap2.c, stdsoap.cpp, stdsoap2.cpp, soapcpp2.h,
    2315       soapcpp2.c, soapcpp2_lex.l, soapcpp2_yacc.y, error2.h, error2.c,
    2316       symbol2.c, init2.c, soapdoc2.html, and soapdoc2.pdf, httpget.h,
    2317       httpget.c, stl.h, stldeque.h, stllist.h, stlvector.h, stlset.h.</para>
    2318 
    2319       <para>The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Robert A. van
    2320       Engelen. Portions created by Robert A. van Engelen are Copyright (C)
    2321       2001-2004 Robert A. van Engelen, Genivia inc. All Rights
    2322       Reserved.</para>
    2323 
    2324       <para>Contributor(s): "________________________." [Note: The text of
    2325       this Exhibit A may differ slightly form the text of the notices in the
    2326       Source Code files of the Original code. You should use the text of this
    2327       Exhibit A rather than the text found in the Original Code Source Code
    2328       for Your Modifications.]</para>
    2329 
    2330       <para>EXHIBIT B.</para>
    2331 
    2332       <para>"Part of the software embedded in this product is gSOAP software.
    2333       Portions created by gSOAP are Copyright (C) 2001-2004 Robert A. van
    2334       Engelen, Genivia inc. All Rights Reserved. THE SOFTWARE IN THIS PRODUCT
    2335       WAS IN PART PROVIDED BY GENIVIA INC AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
    2336       WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
    2337       MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN
    2338       NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
    2339       INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
    2340       NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
    2341       USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
    2342       ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
    2343       (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
    2344       THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
    2345       DAMAGE."</para>
    2346     </sect2>
    2347 
    2348     <sect2 id="licChromium">
    2349       <title>Chromium Licenses</title>
    2350 
    2351       <sect3>
    2352         <title>Main License</title>
    2353 
    2354         <para>Copyright (c) 2002, Stanford University All rights
    2355         reserved.</para>
    2356 
    2357         <para>Some portions of Chromium are copyrighted by individiual
    2358         organizations. Please see the files COPYRIGHT.LLNL and
    2359         COPYRIGHT.REDHAT for more information.</para>
    2360 
    2361         <para>Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
     2319      <para>
     2320        This package is an SSL implementation written by Eric Young
     2321        ([email protected]). The implementation was written so as to
     2322        conform with Netscape's SSL.
     2323      </para>
     2324
     2325      <para>
     2326        This library is free for commercial and non-commercial use as
     2327        long as the following conditions are adhered to. The following
     2328        conditions apply to all code found in this distribution, be it
     2329        the RC4, RSA, lhash, DES, etc., code; not just the SSL code. The
     2330        SSL documentation included with this distribution is covered by
     2331        the same copyright terms except that the holder is Tim Hudson
     2332        ([email protected]).
     2333      </para>
     2334
     2335      <para>
     2336        Copyright remains Eric Young's, and as such any Copyright
     2337        notices in the code are not to be removed. If this package is
     2338        used in a product, Eric Young should be given attribution as the
     2339        author of the parts of the library used. This can be in the form
     2340        of a textual message at program startup or in documentation
     2341        (online or textual) provided with the package.
     2342      </para>
     2343
     2344      <para>
     2345        Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
    23622346        without modification, are permitted provided that the following
    2363         conditions are met:</para>
    2364         <itemizedlist>
    2365             <listitem>
    2366               <para>Redistributions of source code must retain the above
    2367               copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
    2368               disclaimer.</para>
    2369             </listitem>
    2370 
    2371             <listitem>
    2372               <para>Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
    2373               copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
    2374               disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
    2375               with the distribution.</para>
    2376             </listitem>
    2377 
    2378             <listitem>
    2379               <para>Neither the name of Stanford University nor the names of
    2380               its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
    2381               derived from this software without specific prior written
    2382               permission.</para>
    2383             </listitem>
    2384           </itemizedlist>
    2385 
    2386         <para>THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
    2387         CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING,
    2388         BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
    2389         FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
    2390         COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
    2391         INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
    2392         BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
    2393         OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
    2394         ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR
    2395         TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE
    2396         USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
    2397         DAMAGE.</para>
    2398       </sect3>
    2399 
    2400       <sect3>
    2401         <title>COPYRIGHT.LLNL File</title>
    2402 
    2403         <para>This Chromium distribution contains information and code which
    2404         is covered under the following notice:</para>
    2405 
    2406         <para>Copyright (c) 2002, The Regents of the University of California.
    2407         Produced at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory For details,
    2408         contact: Randall Frank ([email protected]). UCRL-CODE-2002-058 All
    2409         rights reserved.</para>
    2410 
    2411         <para>This file is part of Chromium. For details, see accompanying
    2412         documentation.</para>
    2413 
    2414         <para>Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
    2415         without modification, are permitted provided that the following
    2416         conditions are met:</para>
    2417 
    2418         <para>Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
    2419         notice, this list of conditions and the disclaimer below.</para>
    2420 
    2421         <para>Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
    2422         copyright notice, this list of conditions and the disclaimer (as noted
    2423         below) in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
    2424         distribution.</para>
    2425 
    2426         <para>Neither the name of the UC/LLNL nor the names of its
    2427         contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
    2428         this software without specific prior written permission.</para>
    2429 
    2430         <para>THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
    2431         CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING,
    2432         BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
    2433         FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
    2434         REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
     2347        conditions are met:
     2348      </para>
     2349
     2350      <para>
     2351        1. Redistributions of source code must retain the copyright
     2352        notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     2353      </para>
     2354
     2355      <para>
     2356        2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
     2357        copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
     2358        disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
     2359        with the distribution.
     2360      </para>
     2361
     2362      <para>
     2363        3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this
     2364        software must display the following acknowledgement: "This
     2365        product includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young
     2366        ([email protected])" The word 'cryptographic' can be left out if
     2367        the routines from the library being used are not cryptographic
     2368        related :-).
     2369      </para>
     2370
     2371      <para>
     2372        4. If you include any Windows specific code (or a derivative
     2373        thereof) from the apps directory (application code) you must
     2374        include an acknowledgement: "This product includes software
     2375        written by Tim Hudson ([email protected])"
     2376      </para>
     2377
     2378      <para>
     2379        THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY ERIC YOUNG ``AS IS'' AND ANY
     2380        EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
     2381        THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
     2382        PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR
    24352383        OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
    24362384        SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
    2437         LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
    2438         DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
    2439         THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
    2440         (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
    2441         OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
    2442         DAMAGE.</para>
    2443 
    2444         <para>Additional BSD Notice</para>
    2445 
    2446         <para>1. This notice is required to be provided under our contract
    2447         with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). This work was produced at
    2448         the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
    2449         under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-48 with the DOE.</para>
    2450 
    2451         <para>2. Neither the United States Government nor the University of
    2452         California nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or
    2453         implied, or assumes any liability or responsibility for the accuracy,
    2454         completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or
    2455         process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe
    2456         privately-owned rights.</para>
    2457 
    2458         <para>3. Also, reference herein to any specific commercial products,
    2459         process, or services by trade name, trademark, manufacturer or
    2460         otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement,
    2461         recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or the
    2462         University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed
    2463         herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States
    2464         Government or the University of California, and shall not be used for
    2465         advertising or product endorsement purposes.</para>
     2385        LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
     2386        USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
     2387        AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
     2388        LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
     2389        IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF
     2390        THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
     2391      </para>
     2392
     2393      <para>
     2394        The licence and distribution terms for any publicly available
     2395        version or derivative of this code cannot be changed. i.e. this
     2396        code cannot simply be copied and put under another distribution
     2397        licence [including the GNU Public Licence.]
     2398      </para>
     2399
     2400    </sect2>
     2401
     2402    <sect2 id="licSlirp">
     2403
     2404      <title>Slirp License</title>
     2405
     2406      <para>
     2407        Copyright (c) 1995,1996 Danny Gasparovski. All rights reserved.
     2408      </para>
     2409
     2410      <para>
     2411        Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
     2412        without modification, are permitted provided that the following
     2413        conditions are met:
     2414      </para>
     2415
     2416      <para>
     2417        1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above
     2418        copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
     2419        disclaimer.
     2420      </para>
     2421
     2422      <para>
     2423        2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
     2424        copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
     2425        disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
     2426        with the distribution.
     2427      </para>
     2428
     2429      <para>
     2430        3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this
     2431        software must display the following acknowledgment: This product
     2432        includes software developed by Danny Gasparovski.
     2433      </para>
     2434
     2435      <para>
     2436        THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
     2437        WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
     2438        WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
     2439        PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL DANNY GASPAROVSKI OR
     2440        CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
     2441        SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
     2442        LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
     2443        USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
     2444        AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
     2445        LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
     2446        IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF
     2447        THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
     2448      </para>
     2449
     2450    </sect2>
     2451
     2452    <sect2 id="licLZF">
     2453
     2454      <title>liblzf License</title>
     2455
     2456      <para>
     2457        Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
     2458        without modification, are permitted provided that the following
     2459        conditions are met:
     2460      </para>
     2461
     2462      <para>
     2463        1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above
     2464        copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
     2465        disclaimer.
     2466      </para>
     2467
     2468      <para>
     2469        2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
     2470        copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
     2471        disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
     2472        with the distribution.
     2473      </para>
     2474
     2475      <para>
     2476        3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
     2477        products derived from this software without specific prior
     2478        written permission.
     2479      </para>
     2480
     2481      <para>
     2482        THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY
     2483        EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
     2484        THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
     2485        PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR
     2486        BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
     2487        EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
     2488        TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
     2489        DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
     2490        ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
     2491        LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
     2492        IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF
     2493        THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
     2494      </para>
     2495
     2496    </sect2>
     2497
     2498    <sect2 id="liclibping">
     2499
     2500      <title>libpng License</title>
     2501
     2502      <para>
     2503        The PNG Reference Library is supplied "AS IS". The Contributing
     2504        Authors and Group 42, Inc. disclaim all warranties, expressed or
     2505        implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of
     2506        merchantability and of fitness for any purpose. The Contributing
     2507        Authors and Group 42, Inc. assume no liability for direct,
     2508        indirect, incidental, special, exemplary, or consequential
     2509        damages, which may result from the use of the PNG Reference
     2510        Library, even if advised of the possibility of such damage.
     2511      </para>
     2512
     2513      <para>
     2514        Permission is hereby granted to use, copy, modify, and
     2515        distribute this source code, or portions hereof, for any
     2516        purpose, without fee, subject to the following restrictions:
     2517      </para>
     2518
     2519      <para>
     2520        1. The origin of this source code must not be misrepresented.
     2521      </para>
     2522
     2523      <para>
     2524        2. Altered versions must be plainly marked as such and must not
     2525        be misrepresented as being the original source.
     2526      </para>
     2527
     2528      <para>
     2529        3. This Copyright notice may not be removed or altered from any
     2530        source or altered source distribution.
     2531      </para>
     2532
     2533      <para>
     2534        The Contributing Authors and Group 42, Inc. specifically permit,
     2535        without fee, and encourage the use of this source code as a
     2536        component to supporting the PNG file format in commercial
     2537        products. If you use this source code in a product,
     2538        acknowledgment is not required but would be appreciated.
     2539      </para>
     2540
     2541    </sect2>
     2542
     2543    <sect2 id="licLWIP">
     2544
     2545      <title>lwIP License</title>
     2546
     2547      <para>
     2548        Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
     2549        without modification, are permitted provided that the following
     2550        conditions are met:
     2551      </para>
     2552
     2553      <para>
     2554        1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above
     2555        copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
     2556        disclaimer.
     2557      </para>
     2558
     2559      <para>
     2560        2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
     2561        copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
     2562        disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
     2563        with the distribution.
     2564      </para>
     2565
     2566      <para>
     2567        3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
     2568        products derived from this software without specific prior
     2569        written permission.
     2570      </para>
     2571
     2572      <para>
     2573        THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY
     2574        EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
     2575        THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
     2576        PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR
     2577        BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
     2578        EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
     2579        TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
     2580        DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
     2581        ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
     2582        LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
     2583        IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF
     2584        THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
     2585      </para>
     2586
     2587    </sect2>
     2588
     2589    <sect2 id="licLibXML">
     2590
     2591      <title>libxml License</title>
     2592
     2593      <para>
     2594        Except where otherwise noted in the source code (e.g. the files
     2595        hash.c, list.c and the trio files, which are covered by a
     2596        similar licence but with different Copyright notices) all the
     2597        files are:
     2598      </para>
     2599
     2600      <para>
     2601        Copyright (C) 1998-2003 Daniel Veillard. All Rights Reserved.
     2602      </para>
     2603
     2604      <para>
     2605        Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
     2606        obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
     2607        files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
     2608        restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
     2609        copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
     2610        sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
     2611        Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
     2612        conditions:
     2613      </para>
     2614
     2615      <para>
     2616        The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
     2617        included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
     2618      </para>
     2619
     2620      <para>
     2621        THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
     2622        EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
     2623        OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
     2624        NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE DANIEL VEILLARD BE LIABLE
     2625        FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
     2626        OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
     2627        CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
     2628        SOFTWARE.
     2629      </para>
     2630
     2631      <para>
     2632        Except as contained in this notice, the name of Daniel Veillard
     2633        shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the
     2634        sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior
     2635        written authorization from him.
     2636      </para>
     2637
     2638    </sect2>
     2639
     2640    <sect2 id="licLibXSLT">
     2641
     2642      <title>libxslt Licenses</title>
     2643
     2644      <para>
     2645        Licence for libxslt except libexslt:
     2646      </para>
     2647
     2648      <para>
     2649        Copyright (C) 2001-2002 Daniel Veillard. All Rights Reserved.
     2650      </para>
     2651
     2652      <para>
     2653        Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
     2654        obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
     2655        files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
     2656        restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
     2657        copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
     2658        sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
     2659        Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
     2660        conditions:
     2661      </para>
     2662
     2663      <para>
     2664        The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
     2665        included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
     2666      </para>
     2667
     2668      <para>
     2669        THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
     2670        EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
     2671        OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
     2672        NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE DANIEL VEILLARD BE LIABLE
     2673        FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
     2674        OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
     2675        CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
     2676        SOFTWARE.
     2677      </para>
     2678
     2679      <para>
     2680        Except as contained in this notice, the name of Daniel Veillard
     2681        shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the
     2682        sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior
     2683        written authorization from him.
     2684      </para>
     2685
     2686      <para>
     2687        Licence for libexslt:
     2688      </para>
     2689
     2690      <para>
     2691        Copyright (C) 2001-2002 Thomas Broyer, Charlie Bozeman and
     2692        Daniel Veillard. All Rights Reserved.
     2693      </para>
     2694
     2695      <para>
     2696        Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
     2697        obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
     2698        files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
     2699        restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
     2700        copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
     2701        sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
     2702        Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
     2703        conditions:
     2704      </para>
     2705
     2706      <para>
     2707        The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
     2708        included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
     2709      </para>
     2710
     2711      <para>
     2712        THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
     2713        EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
     2714        OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
     2715        NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
     2716        CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
     2717        CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
     2718        CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
     2719        SOFTWARE.
     2720      </para>
     2721
     2722      <para>
     2723        Except as contained in this notice, the name of the authors
     2724        shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the
     2725        sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior
     2726        written authorization from him.
     2727      </para>
     2728
     2729    </sect2>
     2730
     2731    <sect2 id="licgSOAP">
     2732
     2733      <title>gSOAP Public License Version 1.3a</title>
     2734
     2735      <para>
     2736        The gSOAP public license is derived from the Mozilla Public
     2737        License (MPL1.1). The sections that were deleted from the
     2738        original MPL1.1 text are 1.0.1, 2.1.(c),(d), 2.2.(c),(d),
     2739        8.2.(b), 10, and 11. Section 3.8 was added. The modified
     2740        sections are 2.1.(b), 2.2.(b), 3.2 (simplified), 3.5 (deleted
     2741        the last sentence), and 3.6 (simplified).
     2742      </para>
     2743
     2744      <para>
     2745        1 DEFINITIONS
     2746      </para>
     2747
     2748      <para>
     2749        1.1. "Contributor" means each entity that creates or contributes
     2750        to the creation of Modifications.
     2751      </para>
     2752
     2753      <para>
     2754        1.2. "Contributor Version" means the combination of the Original
     2755        Code, prior Modifications used by a Contributor, and the
     2756        Modifications made by that particular Contributor.
     2757      </para>
     2758
     2759      <para>
     2760        1.3. "Covered Code" means the Original Code, or Modifications or
     2761        the combination of the Original Code, and Modifications, in each
     2762        case including portions thereof.
     2763      </para>
     2764
     2765      <para>
     2766        1.4. "Electronic Distribution Mechanism" means a mechanism
     2767        generally accepted in the software development community for the
     2768        electronic transfer of data.
     2769      </para>
     2770
     2771      <para>
     2772        1.5. "Executable" means Covered Code in any form other than
     2773        Source Code.
     2774      </para>
     2775
     2776      <para>
     2777        1.6. "Initial Developer" means the individual or entity
     2778        identified as the Initial Developer in the Source Code notice
     2779        required by Exhibit A.
     2780      </para>
     2781
     2782      <para>
     2783        1.7. "Larger Work" means a work which combines Covered Code or
     2784        portions thereof with code not governed by the terms of this
     2785        License.
     2786      </para>
     2787
     2788      <para>
     2789        1.8. "License" means this document.
     2790      </para>
     2791
     2792      <para>
     2793        1.8.1. "Licensable" means having the right to grant, to the
     2794        maximum extent possible, whether at the time of the initial
     2795        grant or subsequently acquired, any and all of the rights
     2796        conveyed herein.
     2797      </para>
     2798
     2799      <para>
     2800        1.9. "Modifications" means any addition to or deletion from the
     2801        substance or structure of either the Original Code or any
     2802        previous Modifications. When Covered Code is released as a
     2803        series of files, a Modification is:
     2804      </para>
     2805
     2806      <para>
     2807        A. Any addition to or deletion from the contents of a file
     2808        containing Original Code or previous Modifications.
     2809      </para>
     2810
     2811      <para>
     2812        B. Any new file that contains any part of the Original Code, or
     2813        previous Modifications.
     2814      </para>
     2815
     2816      <para>
     2817        1.10. "Original Code" means Source Code of computer software
     2818        code which is described in the Source Code notice required by
     2819        Exhibit A as Original Code, and which, at the time of its
     2820        release under this License is not already Covered Code governed
     2821        by this License.
     2822      </para>
     2823
     2824      <para>
     2825        1.10.1. "Patent Claims" means any patent claim(s), now owned or
     2826        hereafter acquired, including without limitation, method,
     2827        process, and apparatus claims, in any patent Licensable by
     2828        grantor.
     2829      </para>
     2830
     2831      <para>
     2832        1.11. "Source Code" means the preferred form of the Covered Code
     2833        for making modifications to it, including all modules it
     2834        contains, plus any associated interface definition files,
     2835        scripts used to control compilation and installation of an
     2836        Executable, or source code differential comparisons against
     2837        either the Original Code or another well known, available
     2838        Covered Code of the Contributor's choice. The Source Code can be
     2839        in a compressed or archival form, provided the appropriate
     2840        decompression or de-archiving software is widely available for
     2841        no charge.
     2842      </para>
     2843
     2844      <para>
     2845        1.12. "You" (or "Your") means an individual or a legal entity
     2846        exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of,
     2847        this License or a future version of this License issued under
     2848        Section 6.1. For legal entities, "You" includes any entity which
     2849        controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with You.
     2850        For purposes of this definition, "control" means (a) the power,
     2851        direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such
     2852        entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (b) ownership of
     2853        more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding shares or
     2854        beneficial ownership of such entity.
     2855      </para>
     2856
     2857      <para>
     2858        2 SOURCE CODE LICENSE.
     2859      </para>
     2860
     2861      <para>
     2862        2.1. The Initial Developer Grant.
     2863      </para>
     2864
     2865      <para>
     2866        The Initial Developer hereby grants You a world-wide,
     2867        royalty-free, non-exclusive license, subject to third party
     2868        intellectual property claims:
     2869      </para>
     2870
     2871      <para>
     2872        (a) under intellectual property rights (other than patent or
     2873        trademark) Licensable by Initial Developer to use, reproduce,
     2874        modify, display, perform, sublicense and distribute the Original
     2875        Code (or portions thereof) with or without Modifications, and/or
     2876        as part of a Larger Work; and
     2877      </para>
     2878
     2879      <para>
     2880        (b) under patents now or hereafter owned or controlled by
     2881        Initial Developer, to make, have made, use and sell ("offer to
     2882        sell and import") the Original Code, Modifications, or portions
     2883        thereof, but solely to the extent that any such patent is
     2884        reasonably necessary to enable You to utilize, alone or in
     2885        combination with other software, the Original Code,
     2886        Modifications, or any combination or portions thereof.
     2887      </para>
     2888
     2889      <para>
     2890        (c)
     2891      </para>
     2892
     2893      <para>
     2894        (d)
     2895      </para>
     2896
     2897      <para>
     2898        2.2. Contributor Grant.
     2899      </para>
     2900
     2901      <para>
     2902        Subject to third party intellectual property claims, each
     2903        Contributor hereby grants You a world-wide, royalty-free,
     2904        non-exclusive license
     2905      </para>
     2906
     2907      <para>
     2908        (a) under intellectual property rights (other than patent or
     2909        trademark) Licensable by Contributor, to use, reproduce, modify,
     2910        display, perform, sublicense and distribute the Modifications
     2911        created by such Contributor (or portions thereof) either on an
     2912        unmodified basis, with other Modifications, as Covered Code
     2913        and/or as part of a Larger Work; and
     2914      </para>
     2915
     2916      <para>
     2917        (b) under patents now or hereafter owned or controlled by
     2918        Contributor, to make, have made, use and sell ("offer to sell
     2919        and import") the Contributor Version (or portions thereof), but
     2920        solely to the extent that any such patent is reasonably
     2921        necessary to enable You to utilize, alone or in combination with
     2922        other software, the Contributor Version (or portions thereof).
     2923      </para>
     2924
     2925      <para>
     2926        (c)
     2927      </para>
     2928
     2929      <para>
     2930        (d)
     2931      </para>
     2932
     2933      <para>
     2934        3 DISTRIBUTION OBLIGATIONS.
     2935      </para>
     2936
     2937      <para>
     2938        3.1. Application of License.
     2939      </para>
     2940
     2941      <para>
     2942        The Modifications which You create or to which You contribute
     2943        are governed by the terms of this License, including without
     2944        limitation Section 2.2. The Source Code version of Covered Code
     2945        may be distributed only under the terms of this License or a
     2946        future version of this License released under Section 6.1, and
     2947        You must include a copy of this License with every copy of the
     2948        Source Code You distribute. You may not offer or impose any
     2949        terms on any Source Code version that alters or restricts the
     2950        applicable version of this License or the recipients' rights
     2951        hereunder. However, You may include an additional document
     2952        offering the additional rights described in Section 3.5.
     2953      </para>
     2954
     2955      <para>
     2956        3.2. Availability of Source Code.
     2957      </para>
     2958
     2959      <para>
     2960        Any Modification created by You will be provided to the Initial
     2961        Developer in Source Code form and are subject to the terms of
     2962        the License. 3.3. Description of Modifications.
     2963      </para>
     2964
     2965      <para>
     2966        You must cause all Covered Code to which You contribute to
     2967        contain a file documenting the changes You made to create that
     2968        Covered Code and the date of any change. You must include a
     2969        prominent statement that the Modification is derived, directly
     2970        or indirectly, from Original Code provided by the Initial
     2971        Developer and including the name of the Initial Developer in (a)
     2972        the Source Code, and (b) in any notice in an Executable version
     2973        or related documentation in which You describe the origin or
     2974        ownership of the Covered Code.
     2975      </para>
     2976
     2977      <para>
     2978        3.4. Intellectual Property Matters.
     2979      </para>
     2980
     2981      <para>
     2982        (a) Third Party Claims. If Contributor has knowledge that a
     2983        license under a third party's intellectual property rights is
     2984        required to exercise the rights granted by such Contributor
     2985        under Sections 2.1 or 2.2, Contributor must include a text file
     2986        with the Source Code distribution titled "LEGAL" which describes
     2987        the claim and the party making the claim in sufficient detail
     2988        that a recipient will know whom to contact. If Contributor
     2989        obtains such knowledge after the Modification is made available
     2990        as described in Section 3.2, Contributor shall promptly modify
     2991        the LEGAL file in all copies Contributor makes available
     2992        thereafter and shall take other steps (such as notifying
     2993        appropriate mailing lists or newsgroups) reasonably calculated
     2994        to inform those who received the Covered Code that new knowledge
     2995        has been obtained.
     2996      </para>
     2997
     2998      <para>
     2999        (b) Contributor APIs. If Contributor's Modifications include an
     3000        application programming interface and Contributor has knowledge
     3001        of patent licenses which are reasonably necessary to implement
     3002        that API, Contributor must also include this information in the
     3003        LEGAL file.
     3004      </para>
     3005
     3006      <para>
     3007        (c) Representations. Contributor represents that, except as
     3008        disclosed pursuant to Section 3.4(a) above, Contributor believes
     3009        that Contributor's Modifications are Contributor's original
     3010        creation(s) and/or Contributor has sufficient rights to grant
     3011        the rights conveyed by this License.
     3012      </para>
     3013
     3014      <para>
     3015        3.5. Required Notices. You must duplicate the notice in Exhibit
     3016        A in each file of the Source Code. If it is not possible to put
     3017        such notice in a particular Source Code file due to its
     3018        structure, then You must include such notice in a location (such
     3019        as a relevant directory) where a user would be likely to look
     3020        for such a notice. If You created one or more Modification(s)
     3021        You may add your name as a Contributor to the notice described
     3022        in Exhibit A. You must also duplicate this License in any
     3023        documentation for the Source Code where You describe recipients'
     3024        rights or ownership rights relating to Covered Code. You may
     3025        choose to offer, and to charge a fee for, warranty, support,
     3026        indemnity or liability obligations to one or more recipients of
     3027        Covered Code. However, You may do so only on Your own behalf,
     3028        and not on behalf of the Initial Developer or any Contributor.
     3029      </para>
     3030
     3031      <para>
     3032        3.6. Distribution of Executable Versions. You may distribute
     3033        Covered Code in Executable form only if the requirements of
     3034        Section 3.1-3.5 have been met for that Covered Code. You may
     3035        distribute the Executable version of Covered Code or ownership
     3036        rights under a license of Your choice, which may contain terms
     3037        different from this License, provided that You are in compliance
     3038        with the terms of this License and that the license for the
     3039        Executable version does not attempt to limit or alter the
     3040        recipient's rights in the Source Code version from the rights
     3041        set forth in this License. If You distribute the Executable
     3042        version under a different license You must make it absolutely
     3043        clear that any terms which differ from this License are offered
     3044        by You alone, not by the Initial Developer or any Contributor.
     3045        If you distribute executable versions containing Covered Code as
     3046        part of a product, you must reproduce the notice in Exhibit B in
     3047        the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
     3048        product.
     3049      </para>
     3050
     3051      <para>
     3052        3.7. Larger Works. You may create a Larger Work by combining
     3053        Covered Code with other code not governed by the terms of this
     3054        License and distribute the Larger Work as a single product. In
     3055        such a case, You must make sure the requirements of this License
     3056        are fulfilled for the Covered Code.
     3057      </para>
     3058
     3059      <para>
     3060        3.8. Restrictions. You may not remove any product
     3061        identification, copyright, proprietary notices or labels from
     3062        gSOAP.
     3063      </para>
     3064
     3065      <para>
     3066        4 INABILITY TO COMPLY DUE TO STATUTE OR REGULATION.
     3067      </para>
     3068
     3069      <para>
     3070        If it is impossible for You to comply with any of the terms of
     3071        this License with respect to some or all of the Covered Code due
     3072        to statute, judicial order, or regulation then You must: (a)
     3073        comply with the terms of this License to the maximum extent
     3074        possible; and (b) describe the limitations and the code they
     3075        affect. Such description must be included in the LEGAL file
     3076        described in Section 3.4 and must be included with all
     3077        distributions of the Source Code. Except to the extent
     3078        prohibited by statute or regulation, such description must be
     3079        sufficiently detailed for a recipient of ordinary skill to be
     3080        able to understand it.
     3081      </para>
     3082
     3083      <para>
     3084        5 APPLICATION OF THIS LICENSE.
     3085      </para>
     3086
     3087      <para>
     3088        This License applies to code to which the Initial Developer has
     3089        attached the notice in Exhibit A and to related Covered Code.
     3090      </para>
     3091
     3092      <para>
     3093        6 VERSIONS OF THE LICENSE.
     3094      </para>
     3095
     3096      <para>
     3097        6.1. New Versions.
     3098      </para>
     3099
     3100      <para>
     3101        Grantor may publish revised and/or new versions of the License
     3102        from time to time. Each version will be given a distinguishing
     3103        version number.
     3104      </para>
     3105
     3106      <para>
     3107        6.2. Effect of New Versions.
     3108      </para>
     3109
     3110      <para>
     3111        Once Covered Code has been published under a particular version
     3112        of the License, You may always continue to use it under the
     3113        terms of that version. You may also choose to use such Covered
     3114        Code under the terms of any subsequent version of the License.
     3115      </para>
     3116
     3117      <para>
     3118        6.3. Derivative Works.
     3119      </para>
     3120
     3121      <para>
     3122        If You create or use a modified version of this License (which
     3123        you may only do in order to apply it to code which is not
     3124        already Covered Code governed by this License), You must (a)
     3125        rename Your license so that the phrase "gSOAP" or any
     3126        confusingly similar phrase do not appear in your license (except
     3127        to note that your license differs from this License) and (b)
     3128        otherwise make it clear that Your version of the license
     3129        contains terms which differ from the gSOAP Public License.
     3130        (Filling in the name of the Initial Developer, Original Code or
     3131        Contributor in the notice described in Exhibit A shall not of
     3132        themselves be deemed to be modifications of this License.)
     3133      </para>
     3134
     3135      <para>
     3136        7 DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY.
     3137      </para>
     3138
     3139      <para>
     3140        COVERED CODE IS PROVIDED UNDER THIS LICENSE ON AN "AS IS" BASIS,
     3141        WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR
     3142        STATUTORY, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
     3143        OF MERCHANTABILITY, OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE,
     3144        NONINFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS, AND
     3145        ANY WARRANTY THAT MAY ARISE BY REASON OF TRADE USAGE, CUSTOM, OR
     3146        COURSE OF DEALING. WITHOUT LIMITING THE FOREGOING, YOU
     3147        ACKNOWLEDGE THAT THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THAT THE
     3148        AUTHORS DO NOT WARRANT THE SOFTWARE WILL RUN UNINTERRUPTED OR
     3149        ERROR FREE. LIMITED LIABILITY THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO RESULTS AND
     3150        PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE IS ASSUMED BY YOU. UNDER NO
     3151        CIRCUMSTANCES WILL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL,
     3152        INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY
     3153        KIND OR NATURE WHATSOEVER, WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, WARRANTY,
     3154        TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE,
     3155        ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY RELATED TO THE SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
     3156        THE AUTHORS HAVE BEEN ADVISED ON THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE
     3157        OR IF SUCH DAMAGE COULD HAVE BEEN REASONABLY FORESEEN, AND
     3158        NOTWITHSTANDING ANY FAILURE OF ESSENTIAL PURPOSE OF ANY
     3159        EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED. SUCH LIMITATION ON DAMAGES INCLUDES,
     3160        BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF GOODWILL, LOST
     3161        PROFITS, LOSS OF DATA OR SOFTWARE, WORK STOPPAGE, COMPUTER
     3162        FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION OR IMPAIRMENT OF OTHER GOODS. IN NO EVENT
     3163        WILL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR THE COSTS OF PROCUREMENT OF
     3164        SUBSTITUTE SOFTWARE OR SERVICES. YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT THIS
     3165        SOFTWARE IS NOT DESIGNED FOR USE IN ON-LINE EQUIPMENT IN
     3166        HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS SUCH AS OPERATION OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES,
     3167        AIRCRAFT NAVIGATION OR CONTROL, OR LIFE-CRITICAL APPLICATIONS.
     3168        THE AUTHORS EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY LIABILITY RESULTING FROM USE
     3169        OF THE SOFTWARE IN ANY SUCH ON-LINE EQUIPMENT IN HAZARDOUS
     3170        ENVIRONMENTS AND ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY IN RESPECT OF ANY ACTIONS
     3171        OR CLAIMS BASED ON THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE IN ANY SUCH ON-LINE
     3172        EQUIPMENT IN HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS BY YOU. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS
     3173        PARAGRAPH, THE TERM "LIFE-CRITICAL APPLICATION" MEANS AN
     3174        APPLICATION IN WHICH THE FUNCTIONING OR MALFUNCTIONING OF THE
     3175        SOFTWARE MAY RESULT DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY IN PHYSICAL INJURY OR
     3176        LOSS OF HUMAN LIFE. THIS DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY CONSTITUTES AN
     3177        ESSENTIAL PART OF THIS LICENSE. NO USE OF ANY COVERED CODE IS
     3178        AUTHORIZED HEREUNDER EXCEPT UNDER THIS DISCLAIMER.
     3179      </para>
     3180
     3181      <para>
     3182        8 TERMINATION.
     3183      </para>
     3184
     3185      <para>
     3186        8.1.
     3187      </para>
     3188
     3189      <para>
     3190        This License and the rights granted hereunder will terminate
     3191        automatically if You fail to comply with terms herein and fail
     3192        to cure such breach within 30 days of becoming aware of the
     3193        breach. All sublicenses to the Covered Code which are properly
     3194        granted shall survive any termination of this License.
     3195        Provisions which, by their nature, must remain in effect beyond
     3196        the termination of this License shall survive.
     3197      </para>
     3198
     3199      <para>
     3200        8.2.
     3201      </para>
     3202
     3203      <para>
     3204        8.3.
     3205      </para>
     3206
     3207      <para>
     3208        If You assert a patent infringement claim against Participant
     3209        alleging that such Participant's Contributor Version directly or
     3210        indirectly infringes any patent where such claim is resolved
     3211        (such as by license or settlement) prior to the initiation of
     3212        patent infringement litigation, then the reasonable value of the
     3213        licenses granted by such Participant under Sections 2.1 or 2.2
     3214        shall be taken into account in determining the amount or value
     3215        of any payment or license.
     3216      </para>
     3217
     3218      <para>
     3219        8.4. In the event of termination under Sections 8.1 or 8.2
     3220        above, all end user license agreements (excluding distributors
     3221        and resellers) which have been validly granted by You or any
     3222        distributor hereunder prior to termination shall survive
     3223        termination.
     3224      </para>
     3225
     3226      <para>
     3227        9 LIMITATION OF LIABILITY.
     3228      </para>
     3229
     3230      <para>
     3231        UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES AND UNDER NO LEGAL THEORY, WHETHER TORT
     3232        (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), CONTRACT, OR OTHERWISE, SHALL YOU, THE
     3233        INITIAL DEVELOPER, ANY OTHER CONTRIBUTOR, OR ANY DISTRIBUTOR OF
     3234        COVERED CODE, OR ANY SUPPLIER OF ANY OF SUCH PARTIES, BE LIABLE
     3235        TO ANY PERSON FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR
     3236        CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY CHARACTER INCLUDING, WITHOUT
     3237        LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF GOODWILL, WORK STOPPAGE,
     3238        COMPUTER FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION, OR ANY AND ALL OTHER COMMERCIAL
     3239        DAMAGES OR LOSSES, EVEN IF SUCH PARTY SHALL HAVE BEEN INFORMED
     3240        OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THIS LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
     3241        SHALL NOT APPLY TO LIABILITY FOR DEATH OR PERSONAL INJURY
     3242        RESULTING FROM SUCH PARTY'S NEGLIGENCE TO THE EXTENT APPLICABLE
     3243        LAW PROHIBITS SUCH LIMITATION. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW
     3244        THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL
     3245        DAMAGES, SO THIS EXCLUSION AND LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
     3246      </para>
     3247
     3248      <para>
     3249        10 U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS.
     3250      </para>
     3251
     3252      <para>
     3253        11 MISCELLANEOUS.
     3254      </para>
     3255
     3256      <para>
     3257        12 RESPONSIBILITY FOR CLAIMS.
     3258      </para>
     3259
     3260      <para>
     3261        As between Initial Developer and the Contributors, each party is
     3262        responsible for claims and damages arising, directly or
     3263        indirectly, out of its utilization of rights under this License
     3264        and You agree to work with Initial Developer and Contributors to
     3265        distribute such responsibility on an equitable basis. Nothing
     3266        herein is intended or shall be deemed to constitute any
     3267        admission of liability.
     3268      </para>
     3269
     3270      <para>
     3271        EXHIBIT A.
     3272      </para>
     3273
     3274      <para>
     3275        "The contents of this file are subject to the gSOAP Public
     3276        License Version 1.3 (the "License"); you may not use this file
     3277        except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
     3278        the License at
     3279        <ulink
     3280      url="http://www.cs.fsu.edu/~engelen/soaplicense.html">http://www.cs.fsu.edu/~engelen/soaplicense.html</ulink>.
     3281        Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS
     3282        IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or
     3283        implied. See the License for the specific language governing
     3284        rights and limitations under the License.
     3285      </para>
     3286
     3287      <para>
     3288        The Original Code of the gSOAP Software is: stdsoap.h,
     3289        stdsoap2.h, stdsoap.c, stdsoap2.c, stdsoap.cpp, stdsoap2.cpp,
     3290        soapcpp2.h, soapcpp2.c, soapcpp2_lex.l, soapcpp2_yacc.y,
     3291        error2.h, error2.c, symbol2.c, init2.c, soapdoc2.html, and
     3292        soapdoc2.pdf, httpget.h, httpget.c, stl.h, stldeque.h,
     3293        stllist.h, stlvector.h, stlset.h.
     3294      </para>
     3295
     3296      <para>
     3297        The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Robert A. van
     3298        Engelen. Portions created by Robert A. van Engelen are Copyright
     3299        (C) 2001-2004 Robert A. van Engelen, Genivia inc. All Rights
     3300        Reserved.
     3301      </para>
     3302
     3303      <para>
     3304        Contributor(s): "________________________." [Note: The text of
     3305        this Exhibit A may differ slightly form the text of the notices
     3306        in the Source Code files of the Original code. You should use
     3307        the text of this Exhibit A rather than the text found in the
     3308        Original Code Source Code for Your Modifications.]
     3309      </para>
     3310
     3311      <para>
     3312        EXHIBIT B.
     3313      </para>
     3314
     3315      <para>
     3316        "Part of the software embedded in this product is gSOAP
     3317        software. Portions created by gSOAP are Copyright (C) 2001-2004
     3318        Robert A. van Engelen, Genivia inc. All Rights Reserved. THE
     3319        SOFTWARE IN THIS PRODUCT WAS IN PART PROVIDED BY GENIVIA INC AND
     3320        ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
     3321        TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
     3322        PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR
     3323        BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
     3324        EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
     3325        TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
     3326        DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
     3327        ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
     3328        LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
     3329        IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF
     3330        THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE."
     3331      </para>
     3332
     3333    </sect2>
     3334
     3335    <sect2 id="licChromium">
     3336
     3337      <title>Chromium Licenses</title>
     3338
     3339      <sect3>
     3340
     3341        <title>Main License</title>
     3342
     3343        <para>
     3344          Copyright (c) 2002, Stanford University All rights reserved.
     3345        </para>
     3346
     3347        <para>
     3348          Some portions of Chromium are copyrighted by individiual
     3349          organizations. Please see the files COPYRIGHT.LLNL and
     3350          COPYRIGHT.REDHAT for more information.
     3351        </para>
     3352
     3353        <para>
     3354          Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
     3355          without modification, are permitted provided that the
     3356          following conditions are met:
     3357        </para>
     3358
     3359        <itemizedlist>
     3360
     3361          <listitem>
     3362            <para>
     3363              Redistributions of source code must retain the above
     3364              copyright notice, this list of conditions and the
     3365              following disclaimer.
     3366            </para>
     3367          </listitem>
     3368
     3369          <listitem>
     3370            <para>
     3371              Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
     3372              copyright notice, this list of conditions and the
     3373              following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
     3374              materials provided with the distribution.
     3375            </para>
     3376          </listitem>
     3377
     3378          <listitem>
     3379            <para>
     3380              Neither the name of Stanford University nor the names of
     3381              its contributors may be used to endorse or promote
     3382              products derived from this software without specific prior
     3383              written permission.
     3384            </para>
     3385          </listitem>
     3386
     3387        </itemizedlist>
     3388
     3389        <para>
     3390          THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
     3391          CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
     3392          INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
     3393          MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
     3394          DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
     3395          CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
     3396          SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
     3397          NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
     3398          LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
     3399          HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
     3400          CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
     3401          OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE,
     3402          EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
     3403        </para>
     3404
    24663405      </sect3>
    24673406
    24683407      <sect3>
     3408
     3409        <title>COPYRIGHT.LLNL File</title>
     3410
     3411        <para>
     3412          This Chromium distribution contains information and code which
     3413          is covered under the following notice:
     3414        </para>
     3415
     3416        <para>
     3417          Copyright (c) 2002, The Regents of the University of
     3418          California. Produced at the Lawrence Livermore National
     3419          Laboratory For details, contact: Randall Frank
     3420          ([email protected]). UCRL-CODE-2002-058 All rights reserved.
     3421        </para>
     3422
     3423        <para>
     3424          This file is part of Chromium. For details, see accompanying
     3425          documentation.
     3426        </para>
     3427
     3428        <para>
     3429          Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
     3430          without modification, are permitted provided that the
     3431          following conditions are met:
     3432        </para>
     3433
     3434        <para>
     3435          Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     3436          notice, this list of conditions and the disclaimer below.
     3437        </para>
     3438
     3439        <para>
     3440          Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
     3441          copyright notice, this list of conditions and the disclaimer
     3442          (as noted below) in the documentation and/or other materials
     3443          provided with the distribution.
     3444        </para>
     3445
     3446        <para>
     3447          Neither the name of the UC/LLNL nor the names of its
     3448          contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
     3449          derived from this software without specific prior written
     3450          permission.
     3451        </para>
     3452
     3453        <para>
     3454          THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
     3455          CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
     3456          INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
     3457          MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
     3458          DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF
     3459          CALIFORNIA, THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
     3460          LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
     3461          EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
     3462          LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
     3463          OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
     3464          CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
     3465          STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
     3466          ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
     3467          ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
     3468        </para>
     3469
     3470        <para>
     3471          Additional BSD Notice
     3472        </para>
     3473
     3474        <para>
     3475          1. This notice is required to be provided under our contract
     3476          with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). This work was
     3477          produced at the University of California, Lawrence Livermore
     3478          National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-48 with the
     3479          DOE.
     3480        </para>
     3481
     3482        <para>
     3483          2. Neither the United States Government nor the University of
     3484          California nor any of their employees, makes any warranty,
     3485          express or implied, or assumes any liability or responsibility
     3486          for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any
     3487          information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or
     3488          represents that its use would not infringe privately-owned
     3489          rights.
     3490        </para>
     3491
     3492        <para>
     3493          3. Also, reference herein to any specific commercial products,
     3494          process, or services by trade name, trademark, manufacturer or
     3495          otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its
     3496          endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
     3497          Government or the University of California. The views and
     3498          opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state
     3499          or reflect those of the United States Government or the
     3500          University of California, and shall not be used for
     3501          advertising or product endorsement purposes.
     3502        </para>
     3503
     3504      </sect3>
     3505
     3506      <sect3>
     3507
    24693508        <title>COPYRIGHT.REDHAT File</title>
    24703509
    2471         <para>This Chromium distribution contains information and code which
    2472         is covered under the following notice:</para>
    2473 
    2474         <para>Copyright 2001,2002 Red Hat Inc., Durham, North Carolina.</para>
    2475 
    2476         <para>All Rights Reserved.</para>
    2477 
    2478         <para>Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
    2479         obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
    2480         (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
    2481         including without limitation on the rights to use, copy, modify,
    2482         merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the
    2483         Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to
    2484         do so, subject to the following conditions:</para>
    2485 
    2486         <para>The above copyright notice and this permission notice (including
    2487         the next paragraph) shall be included in all copies or substantial
    2488         portions of the Software.</para>
    2489 
    2490         <para>THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
    2491         EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
    2492         MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
    2493         NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL RED HAT AND/OR THEIR SUPPLIERS BE
    2494         LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
    2495         OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
    2496         WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.</para>
     3510        <para>
     3511          This Chromium distribution contains information and code which
     3512          is covered under the following notice:
     3513        </para>
     3514
     3515        <para>
     3516          Copyright 2001,2002 Red Hat Inc., Durham, North Carolina.
     3517        </para>
     3518
     3519        <para>
     3520          All Rights Reserved.
     3521        </para>
     3522
     3523        <para>
     3524          Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
     3525          obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
     3526          files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
     3527          restriction, including without limitation on the rights to
     3528          use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
     3529          and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to
     3530          whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
     3531          following conditions:
     3532        </para>
     3533
     3534        <para>
     3535          The above copyright notice and this permission notice
     3536          (including the next paragraph) shall be included in all copies
     3537          or substantial portions of the Software.
     3538        </para>
     3539
     3540        <para>
     3541          THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
     3542          KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE
     3543          WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
     3544          PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL RED HAT AND/OR
     3545          THEIR SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
     3546          LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
     3547          OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
     3548          SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
     3549        </para>
     3550
    24973551      </sect3>
     3552
    24983553    </sect2>
    24993554
    25003555    <sect2 id="licLibCurl">
     3556
    25013557      <title>curl License</title>
    25023558
    2503       <para>COPYRIGHT AND PERMISSION NOTICE</para>
    2504 
    2505       <para>Copyright (c) 1996 - 2009, Daniel Stenberg, [email protected].</para>
    2506 
    2507       <para>All rights reserved.</para>
    2508 
    2509       <para>Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for
    2510       any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the
    2511       above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all
    2512       copies.</para>
    2513 
    2514       <para>THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
    2515       EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
    2516       MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OF
    2517       THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
    2518       BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
    2519       ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
    2520       CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
    2521       SOFTWARE.</para>
    2522 
    2523       <para>Except as contained in this notice, the name of a copyright holder
    2524       shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use
    2525       or other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization
    2526       of the copyright holder.</para>
     3559      <para>
     3560        COPYRIGHT AND PERMISSION NOTICE
     3561      </para>
     3562
     3563      <para>
     3564        Copyright (c) 1996 - 2009, Daniel Stenberg, [email protected].
     3565      </para>
     3566
     3567      <para>
     3568        All rights reserved.
     3569      </para>
     3570
     3571      <para>
     3572        Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software
     3573        for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided
     3574        that the above copyright notice and this permission notice
     3575        appear in all copies.
     3576      </para>
     3577
     3578      <para>
     3579        THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
     3580        EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
     3581        OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
     3582        NONINFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
     3583        AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
     3584        OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
     3585        OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
     3586        SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
     3587      </para>
     3588
     3589      <para>
     3590        Except as contained in this notice, the name of a copyright
     3591        holder shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote
     3592        the sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior
     3593        written authorization of the copyright holder.
     3594      </para>
     3595
    25273596    </sect2>
    25283597
    25293598    <sect2 id="licLibgd">
     3599
    25303600      <title>libgd License</title>
    25313601
    2532       <para>Portions copyright 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001,
    2533       2002 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Funded under Grant P41-RR02188 by
    2534       the National Institutes of Health.</para>
    2535 
    2536       <para>Portions copyright 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 by
    2537       Boutell.Com, Inc.</para>
    2538 
    2539       <para>Portions relating to GD2 format copyright 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002
    2540       Philip Warner.</para>
    2541 
    2542       <para>Portions relating to PNG copyright 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 Greg
    2543       Roelofs.</para>
    2544 
    2545       <para>Portions relating to gdttf.c copyright 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 John
    2546       Ellson ([email protected]).</para>
    2547 
    2548       <para>Portions relating to gdft.c copyright 2001, 2002 John Ellson
    2549       ([email protected]).</para>
    2550 
    2551       <para>Portions copyright 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
    2552       Pierre-Alain Joye ([email protected]).</para>
    2553 
    2554       <para>Portions relating to JPEG and to color quantization copyright
    2555       2000, 2001, 2002, Doug Becker and copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997,
    2556       1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, Thomas G. Lane. This software is based in
    2557       part on the work of the Independent JPEG Group. See the file
    2558       README-JPEG.TXT for more information.</para>
    2559 
    2560       <para>Portions relating to WBMP copyright 2000, 2001, 2002 Maurice
    2561       Szmurlo and Johan Van den Brande.</para>
    2562 
    2563       <para>Permission has been granted to copy, distribute and modify gd in
    2564       any context without fee, including a commercial application, provided
    2565       that this notice is present in user-accessible supporting
    2566       documentation.</para>
    2567 
    2568       <para>This does not affect your ownership of the derived work itself,
    2569       and the intent is to assure proper credit for the authors of gd, not to
    2570       interfere with your productive use of gd. If you have questions, ask.
    2571       "Derived works" includes all programs that utilize the library. Credit
    2572       must be given in user-accessible documentation.</para>
    2573 
    2574       <para>This software is provided "AS IS." The copyright holders disclaim
    2575       all warranties, either express or implied, including but not limited to
    2576       implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular
    2577       purpose, with respect to this code and accompanying
    2578       documentation.</para>
    2579 
    2580       <para>Although their code does not appear in gd, the authors wish to
    2581       thank David Koblas, David Rowley, and Hutchison Avenue Software
    2582       Corporation for their prior contributions.</para>
     3602      <para>
     3603        Portions copyright 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
     3604        2001, 2002 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Funded under Grant
     3605        P41-RR02188 by the National Institutes of Health.
     3606      </para>
     3607
     3608      <para>
     3609        Portions copyright 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 by
     3610        Boutell.Com, Inc.
     3611      </para>
     3612
     3613      <para>
     3614        Portions relating to GD2 format copyright 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002
     3615        Philip Warner.
     3616      </para>
     3617
     3618      <para>
     3619        Portions relating to PNG copyright 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 Greg
     3620        Roelofs.
     3621      </para>
     3622
     3623      <para>
     3624        Portions relating to gdttf.c copyright 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002
     3625        John Ellson ([email protected]).
     3626      </para>
     3627
     3628      <para>
     3629        Portions relating to gdft.c copyright 2001, 2002 John Ellson
     3630        ([email protected]).
     3631      </para>
     3632
     3633      <para>
     3634        Portions copyright 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006,
     3635        2007 Pierre-Alain Joye ([email protected]).
     3636      </para>
     3637
     3638      <para>
     3639        Portions relating to JPEG and to color quantization copyright
     3640        2000, 2001, 2002, Doug Becker and copyright (C) 1994, 1995,
     3641        1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, Thomas G. Lane. This
     3642        software is based in part on the work of the Independent JPEG
     3643        Group. See the file README-JPEG.TXT for more information.
     3644      </para>
     3645
     3646      <para>
     3647        Portions relating to WBMP copyright 2000, 2001, 2002 Maurice
     3648        Szmurlo and Johan Van den Brande.
     3649      </para>
     3650
     3651      <para>
     3652        Permission has been granted to copy, distribute and modify gd in
     3653        any context without fee, including a commercial application,
     3654        provided that this notice is present in user-accessible
     3655        supporting documentation.
     3656      </para>
     3657
     3658      <para>
     3659        This does not affect your ownership of the derived work itself,
     3660        and the intent is to assure proper credit for the authors of gd,
     3661        not to interfere with your productive use of gd. If you have
     3662        questions, ask. "Derived works" includes all programs that
     3663        utilize the library. Credit must be given in user-accessible
     3664        documentation.
     3665      </para>
     3666
     3667      <para>
     3668        This software is provided "AS IS." The copyright holders
     3669        disclaim all warranties, either express or implied, including
     3670        but not limited to implied warranties of merchantability and
     3671        fitness for a particular purpose, with respect to this code and
     3672        accompanying documentation.
     3673      </para>
     3674
     3675      <para>
     3676        Although their code does not appear in gd, the authors wish to
     3677        thank David Koblas, David Rowley, and Hutchison Avenue Software
     3678        Corporation for their prior contributions.
     3679      </para>
     3680
    25833681    </sect2>
    25843682
    25853683    <sect2 id="licBsdIntel">
     3684
    25863685      <title>BSD License from Intel</title>
    25873686
    2588       <para>All rights reserved.</para>
    2589 
    2590       <para>Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    2591         modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:</para>
     3687      <para>
     3688        All rights reserved.
     3689      </para>
     3690
     3691      <para>
     3692        Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
     3693        without modification, are permitted provided that the following
     3694        conditions are met:
     3695      </para>
     3696
    25923697      <itemizedlist>
     3698
    25933699        <listitem>
    2594           <para>Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
    2595             notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.</para>
    2596         </listitem>
    2597         <listitem>
    2598           <para>Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
    2599             notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
    2600             documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.</para>
    2601         </listitem>
    2602         <listitem>
    2603           <para>Neither the name of the Intel Corporation nor the names of its
    2604             contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
    2605             this software without specific prior written permission.</para>
    2606         </listitem>
    2607       </itemizedlist>
    2608       <para>THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
    2609         "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
    2610         TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
    2611         PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS
    2612         BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
    2613         CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
    2614         GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
    2615         HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
    2616         LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
    2617         OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
    2618         DAMAGE.</para>
    2619     </sect2>
    2620 
    2621     <sect2 id="licJPEG">
    2622       <title>libjpeg License</title>
    2623 
    2624       <para>The authors make NO WARRANTY or representation, either express or implied,
    2625       with respect to this software, its quality, accuracy, merchantability, or
    2626       fitness for a particular purpose.  This software is provided "AS IS", and you,
    2627       its user, assume the entire risk as to its quality and accuracy.</para>
    2628 
    2629       <para>This software is copyright (C) 1991-2010, Thomas G. Lane, Guido Vollbeding.
    2630       All Rights Reserved except as specified below.</para>
    2631 
    2632       <para>Permission is hereby granted to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
    2633       software (or portions thereof) for any purpose, without fee, subject to these
    2634       conditions:</para>
    2635       <para>(1) If any part of the source code for this software is distributed, then this
    2636       README file must be included, with this copyright and no-warranty notice
    2637       unaltered; and any additions, deletions, or changes to the original files
    2638       must be clearly indicated in accompanying documentation.</para>
    2639       <para>(2) If only executable code is distributed, then the accompanying
    2640       documentation must state that "this software is based in part on the work of
    2641       the Independent JPEG Group".</para>
    2642       <para>(3) Permission for use of this software is granted only if the user accepts
    2643       full responsibility for any undesirable consequences; the authors accept
    2644       NO LIABILITY for damages of any kind.</para>
    2645 
    2646       <para>These conditions apply to any software derived from or based on the IJG code,
    2647       not just to the unmodified library.  If you use our work, you ought to
    2648       acknowledge us.</para>
    2649 
    2650       <para>Permission is NOT granted for the use of any IJG author's name or company name
    2651       in advertising or publicity relating to this software or products derived from
    2652       it.  This software may be referred to only as "the Independent JPEG Group's
    2653       software".</para>
    2654 
    2655       <para>We specifically permit and encourage the use of this software as the basis of
    2656       commercial products, provided that all warranty or liability claims are
    2657       assumed by the product vendor.</para>
    2658 
    2659       <para>ansi2knr.c is included in this distribution by permission of L. Peter Deutsch,
    2660       sole proprietor of its copyright holder, Aladdin Enterprises of Menlo Park, CA.
    2661       ansi2knr.c is NOT covered by the above copyright and conditions, but instead
    2662       by the usual distribution terms of the Free Software Foundation; principally,
    2663       that you must include source code if you redistribute it.  (See the file
    2664       ansi2knr.c for full details.)  However, since ansi2knr.c is not needed as part
    2665       of any program generated from the IJG code, this does not limit you more than
    2666       the foregoing paragraphs do.</para>
    2667 
    2668       <para>The Unix configuration script "configure" was produced with GNU Autoconf.
    2669       It is copyright by the Free Software Foundation but is freely distributable.
    2670       The same holds for its supporting scripts (config.guess, config.sub,
    2671       ltmain.sh).  Another support script, install-sh, is copyright by X Consortium
    2672       but is also freely distributable.</para>
    2673 
    2674       <para>The IJG distribution formerly included code to read and write GIF files.
    2675       To avoid entanglement with the Unisys LZW patent, GIF reading support has
    2676       been removed altogether, and the GIF writer has been simplified to produce
    2677       "uncompressed GIFs".  This technique does not use the LZW algorithm; the
    2678       resulting GIF files are larger than usual, but are readable by all standard
    2679       GIF decoders.</para>
    2680 
    2681       <para>We are required to state that</para>
    2682       <para>"The Graphics Interchange Format(c) is the Copyright property of
    2683       CompuServe Incorporated.  GIF(sm) is a Service Mark property of
    2684       CompuServe Incorporated."</para>
    2685     </sect2>
    2686 
    2687     <sect2 id="licJPEGSIMD">
    2688       <title>x86 SIMD Extension for IJG JPEG Library License</title>
    2689 
    2690       <para>Copyright 2009 Pierre Ossman &lt;[email protected]&gt; for Cendio AB</para>
    2691       <para>Copyright 2010 D. R. Commander</para>
    2692 
    2693       <para>Based on</para>
    2694       <para>x86 SIMD extension for IJG JPEG library - version 1.02</para>
    2695 
    2696       <para>Copyright (C) 1999-2006, MIYASAKA Masaru.</para>
    2697 
    2698       <para>This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
    2699       warranty.  In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
    2700       arising from the use of this software.</para>
    2701 
    2702       <para>Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
    2703       including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
    2704       freely, subject to the following restrictions:</para>
    2705 
    2706       <para>1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
    2707          claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
    2708          in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
    2709          appreciated but is not required.</para>
    2710       <para>2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
    2711          misrepresented as being the original software.</para>
    2712       <para>3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.</para>
    2713     </sect2>
    2714 
    2715     <sect2 id="licFreeBsd">
    2716       <title>FreeBSD License</title>
    2717 
    2718       <para>The compilation of software known as FreeBSD is distributed under the
    2719         following terms:</para>
    2720 
    2721       <para>Copyright (c) 1992-2009 The FreeBSD Project. All rights reserved.</para>
    2722 
    2723       <para>Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    2724         modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
    2725         are met:</para>
    2726 
    2727       <orderedlist>
    2728         <listitem>
    2729           <para>Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
    2730             notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     3700          <para>
     3701            Redistributions of source code must retain the above
     3702            copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
     3703            disclaimer.
    27313704          </para>
    27323705        </listitem>
     3706
    27333707        <listitem>
    27343708          <para>
    2735             Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
    2736             notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
    2737             documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
     3709            Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
     3710            copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
     3711            disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
     3712            provided with the distribution.
    27383713          </para>
    27393714        </listitem>
    2740       </orderedlist>
    2741 
    2742       <para>THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
    2743         ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
    2744         IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
    2745         ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
    2746         FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
    2747         DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
    2748         OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
    2749         HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
    2750         LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
    2751         OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
    2752         SUCH DAMAGE.</para>
    2753     </sect2>
    2754 
    2755     <sect2 id="licNetBsd">
    2756       <title>NetBSD License</title>
    2757 
    2758       <para>Copyright (c) 1992, 1993 The Regents of the University of California.
    2759         All rights reserved.</para>
    2760 
    2761       <para>
    2762         This software was developed by the Computer Systems Engineering group
    2763         at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory under DARPA contract BG 91-66 and
    2764         contributed to Berkeley.
    2765       </para>
    2766 
    2767       <para>
    2768         Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    2769         modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
    2770         are met:
    2771       </para>
    2772 
    2773       <orderedlist>
     3715
    27743716        <listitem>
    27753717          <para>
    2776             Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
    2777             notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     3718            Neither the name of the Intel Corporation nor the names of
     3719            its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
     3720            derived from this software without specific prior written
     3721            permission.
    27783722          </para>
    27793723        </listitem>
     3724
     3725      </itemizedlist>
     3726
     3727      <para>
     3728        THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
     3729        CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
     3730        INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
     3731        MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
     3732        DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
     3733        CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
     3734        SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
     3735        LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
     3736        USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
     3737        AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
     3738        LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
     3739        IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF
     3740        THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
     3741      </para>
     3742
     3743    </sect2>
     3744
     3745    <sect2 id="licJPEG">
     3746
     3747      <title>libjpeg License</title>
     3748
     3749      <para>
     3750        The authors make NO WARRANTY or representation, either express
     3751        or implied, with respect to this software, its quality,
     3752        accuracy, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose.
     3753        This software is provided "AS IS", and you, its user, assume the
     3754        entire risk as to its quality and accuracy.
     3755      </para>
     3756
     3757      <para>
     3758        This software is copyright (C) 1991-2010, Thomas G. Lane, Guido
     3759        Vollbeding. All Rights Reserved except as specified below.
     3760      </para>
     3761
     3762      <para>
     3763        Permission is hereby granted to use, copy, modify, and
     3764        distribute this software (or portions thereof) for any purpose,
     3765        without fee, subject to these conditions:
     3766      </para>
     3767
     3768      <para>
     3769        (1) If any part of the source code for this software is
     3770        distributed, then this README file must be included, with this
     3771        copyright and no-warranty notice unaltered; and any additions,
     3772        deletions, or changes to the original files must be clearly
     3773        indicated in accompanying documentation.
     3774      </para>
     3775
     3776      <para>
     3777        (2) If only executable code is distributed, then the
     3778        accompanying documentation must state that "this software is
     3779        based in part on the work of the Independent JPEG Group".
     3780      </para>
     3781
     3782      <para>
     3783        (3) Permission for use of this software is granted only if the
     3784        user accepts full responsibility for any undesirable
     3785        consequences; the authors accept NO LIABILITY for damages of any
     3786        kind.
     3787      </para>
     3788
     3789      <para>
     3790        These conditions apply to any software derived from or based on
     3791        the IJG code, not just to the unmodified library. If you use our
     3792        work, you ought to acknowledge us.
     3793      </para>
     3794
     3795      <para>
     3796        Permission is NOT granted for the use of any IJG author's name
     3797        or company name in advertising or publicity relating to this
     3798        software or products derived from it. This software may be
     3799        referred to only as "the Independent JPEG Group's software".
     3800      </para>
     3801
     3802      <para>
     3803        We specifically permit and encourage the use of this software as
     3804        the basis of commercial products, provided that all warranty or
     3805        liability claims are assumed by the product vendor.
     3806      </para>
     3807
     3808      <para>
     3809        ansi2knr.c is included in this distribution by permission of L.
     3810        Peter Deutsch, sole proprietor of its copyright holder, Aladdin
     3811        Enterprises of Menlo Park, CA. ansi2knr.c is NOT covered by the
     3812        above copyright and conditions, but instead by the usual
     3813        distribution terms of the Free Software Foundation; principally,
     3814        that you must include source code if you redistribute it. (See
     3815        the file ansi2knr.c for full details.) However, since ansi2knr.c
     3816        is not needed as part of any program generated from the IJG
     3817        code, this does not limit you more than the foregoing paragraphs
     3818        do.
     3819      </para>
     3820
     3821      <para>
     3822        The Unix configuration script "configure" was produced with GNU
     3823        Autoconf. It is copyright by the Free Software Foundation but is
     3824        freely distributable. The same holds for its supporting scripts
     3825        (config.guess, config.sub, ltmain.sh). Another support script,
     3826        install-sh, is copyright by X Consortium but is also freely
     3827        distributable.
     3828      </para>
     3829
     3830      <para>
     3831        The IJG distribution formerly included code to read and write
     3832        GIF files. To avoid entanglement with the Unisys LZW patent, GIF
     3833        reading support has been removed altogether, and the GIF writer
     3834        has been simplified to produce "uncompressed GIFs". This
     3835        technique does not use the LZW algorithm; the resulting GIF
     3836        files are larger than usual, but are readable by all standard
     3837        GIF decoders.
     3838      </para>
     3839
     3840      <para>
     3841        We are required to state that
     3842      </para>
     3843
     3844      <para>
     3845        "The Graphics Interchange Format(c) is the Copyright property of
     3846        CompuServe Incorporated. GIF(sm) is a Service Mark property of
     3847        CompuServe Incorporated."
     3848      </para>
     3849
     3850    </sect2>
     3851
     3852    <sect2 id="licJPEGSIMD">
     3853
     3854      <title>x86 SIMD Extension for IJG JPEG Library License</title>
     3855
     3856      <para>
     3857        Copyright 2009 Pierre Ossman &lt;[email protected]&gt; for Cendio
     3858        AB
     3859      </para>
     3860
     3861      <para>
     3862        Copyright 2010 D. R. Commander
     3863      </para>
     3864
     3865      <para>
     3866        Based on
     3867      </para>
     3868
     3869      <para>
     3870        x86 SIMD extension for IJG JPEG library - version 1.02
     3871      </para>
     3872
     3873      <para>
     3874        Copyright (C) 1999-2006, MIYASAKA Masaru.
     3875      </para>
     3876
     3877      <para>
     3878        This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or
     3879        implied warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable
     3880        for any damages arising from the use of this software.
     3881      </para>
     3882
     3883      <para>
     3884        Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any
     3885        purpose, including commercial applications, and to alter it and
     3886        redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:
     3887      </para>
     3888
     3889      <para>
     3890        1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you
     3891        must not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use
     3892        this software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product
     3893        documentation would be appreciated but is not required.
     3894      </para>
     3895
     3896      <para>
     3897        2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and
     3898        must not be misrepresented as being the original software.
     3899      </para>
     3900
     3901      <para>
     3902        3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source
     3903        distribution.
     3904      </para>
     3905
     3906    </sect2>
     3907
     3908    <sect2 id="licFreeBsd">
     3909
     3910      <title>FreeBSD License</title>
     3911
     3912      <para>
     3913        The compilation of software known as FreeBSD is distributed
     3914        under the following terms:
     3915      </para>
     3916
     3917      <para>
     3918        Copyright (c) 1992-2009 The FreeBSD Project. All rights
     3919        reserved.
     3920      </para>
     3921
     3922      <para>
     3923        Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
     3924        without modification, are permitted provided that the following
     3925        conditions are met:
     3926      </para>
     3927
     3928      <orderedlist>
     3929
    27803930        <listitem>
    27813931          <para>
    2782             Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
    2783             notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
    2784             documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
     3932            Redistributions of source code must retain the above
     3933            copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
     3934            disclaimer.
    27853935          </para>
    27863936        </listitem>
     3937
    27873938        <listitem>
    27883939          <para>
    2789             Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
    2790             may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
    2791             without specific prior written permission.
     3940            Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
     3941            copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
     3942            disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
     3943            provided with the distribution.
    27923944          </para>
    27933945        </listitem>
     3946
    27943947      </orderedlist>
    27953948
    27963949      <para>
    2797         THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
    2798         ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
    2799         IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
    2800         ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
    2801         FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
    2802         DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
    2803         OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
    2804         HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
    2805         LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
    2806         OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
     3950        THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS
     3951        IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
     3952        LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
     3953        FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT
     3954        SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
     3955        INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
     3956        DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
     3957        SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
     3958        BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
     3959        LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
     3960        (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
     3961        THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
    28073962        SUCH DAMAGE.
    28083963      </para>
     3964
    28093965    </sect2>
    28103966
    2811     <sect2 id="licPcre">
    2812       <title>PCRE License</title>
    2813 
    2814       <para>
    2815         PCRE is a library of functions to support regular expressions whose syntax
    2816         and semantics are as close as possible to those of the Perl 5 language.
    2817       </para><para>
    2818         Release 8 of PCRE is distributed under the terms of the "BSD" licence, as
    2819         specified below. The documentation for PCRE, supplied in the "doc"
    2820         directory, is distributed under the same terms as the software itself.
    2821       </para><para>
    2822         The basic library functions are written in C and are freestanding. Also
    2823         included in the distribution is a set of C++ wrapper functions, and a
    2824         just-in-time compiler that can be used to optimize pattern matching. These
    2825         are both optional features that can be omitted when the library is built.
    2826       </para><para>
    2827         THE BASIC LIBRARY FUNCTIONS.
    2828         Written by: Philip Hazel; Email local part: ph10; Email domain: cam.ac.uk
    2829         University of Cambridge Computing Service, Cambridge, England.
    2830         Copyright (c) 1997-2012 University of Cambridge
    2831         All rights reserved.
    2832       </para><para>
    2833         PCRE JUST-IN-TIME COMPILATION SUPPORT.
    2834         Written by: Zoltan Herczeg; Email local part: hzmester; Emain domain: freemail.hu
    2835         Copyright(c) 2010-2012 Zoltan Herczeg
    2836         All rights reserved.
    2837       </para><para>
    2838         STACK-LESS JUST-IN-TIME COMPILER.
    2839         Written by: Zoltan Herczeg; Email local part: hzmester; Emain domain: freemail.hu
    2840         Copyright(c) 2009-2012 Zoltan Herczeg
    2841         All rights reserved.
    2842       </para><para>
    2843         THE C++ WRAPPER FUNCTIONS.
    2844         Contributed by:   Google Inc.
    2845         Copyright (c) 2007-2012, Google Inc.
    2846         All rights reserved.
    2847       </para><para>
    2848         THE "BSD" LICENCE.
    2849         Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    2850         modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
    2851       </para>
    2852       <itemizedlist>
     3967    <sect2 id="licNetBsd">
     3968
     3969      <title>NetBSD License</title>
     3970
     3971      <para>
     3972        Copyright (c) 1992, 1993 The Regents of the University of
     3973        California. All rights reserved.
     3974      </para>
     3975
     3976      <para>
     3977        This software was developed by the Computer Systems Engineering
     3978        group at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory under DARPA contract BG
     3979        91-66 and contributed to Berkeley.
     3980      </para>
     3981
     3982      <para>
     3983        Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
     3984        without modification, are permitted provided that the following
     3985        conditions are met:
     3986      </para>
     3987
     3988      <orderedlist>
     3989
    28533990        <listitem>
    28543991          <para>
    2855             Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
    2856             this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     3992            Redistributions of source code must retain the above
     3993            copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
     3994            disclaimer.
    28573995          </para>
    28583996        </listitem>
     3997
    28593998        <listitem>
    28603999          <para>
    2861             Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
    2862             notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
    2863             documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
     4000            Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
     4001            copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
     4002            disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
     4003            provided with the distribution.
    28644004          </para>
    28654005        </listitem>
     4006
    28664007        <listitem>
    28674008          <para>
    2868             Neither the name of the University of Cambridge nor the name of Google
    2869             Inc. nor the names of their contributors may be used to endorse or
    2870             promote products derived from this software without specific prior
    2871             written permission.
     4009            Neither the name of the University nor the names of its
     4010            contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
     4011            derived from this software without specific prior written
     4012            permission.
    28724013          </para>
    28734014        </listitem>
     4015
     4016      </orderedlist>
     4017
     4018      <para>
     4019        THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS
     4020        IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
     4021        LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
     4022        FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT
     4023        SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
     4024        INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
     4025        DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
     4026        SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
     4027        BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
     4028        LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
     4029        (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
     4030        THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
     4031        SUCH DAMAGE.
     4032      </para>
     4033
     4034    </sect2>
     4035
     4036    <sect2 id="licPcre">
     4037
     4038      <title>PCRE License</title>
     4039
     4040      <para>
     4041        PCRE is a library of functions to support regular expressions
     4042        whose syntax and semantics are as close as possible to those of
     4043        the Perl 5 language.
     4044      </para>
     4045
     4046      <para>
     4047        Release 8 of PCRE is distributed under the terms of the "BSD"
     4048        licence, as specified below. The documentation for PCRE,
     4049        supplied in the "doc" directory, is distributed under the same
     4050        terms as the software itself.
     4051      </para>
     4052
     4053      <para>
     4054        The basic library functions are written in C and are
     4055        freestanding. Also included in the distribution is a set of C++
     4056        wrapper functions, and a just-in-time compiler that can be used
     4057        to optimize pattern matching. These are both optional features
     4058        that can be omitted when the library is built.
     4059      </para>
     4060
     4061      <para>
     4062        THE BASIC LIBRARY FUNCTIONS. Written by: Philip Hazel; Email
     4063        local part: ph10; Email domain: cam.ac.uk University of
     4064        Cambridge Computing Service, Cambridge, England. Copyright (c)
     4065        1997-2012 University of Cambridge All rights reserved.
     4066      </para>
     4067
     4068      <para>
     4069        PCRE JUST-IN-TIME COMPILATION SUPPORT. Written by: Zoltan
     4070        Herczeg; Email local part: hzmester; Emain domain: freemail.hu
     4071        Copyright(c) 2010-2012 Zoltan Herczeg All rights reserved.
     4072      </para>
     4073
     4074      <para>
     4075        STACK-LESS JUST-IN-TIME COMPILER. Written by: Zoltan Herczeg;
     4076        Email local part: hzmester; Emain domain: freemail.hu
     4077        Copyright(c) 2009-2012 Zoltan Herczeg All rights reserved.
     4078      </para>
     4079
     4080      <para>
     4081        THE C++ WRAPPER FUNCTIONS. Contributed by: Google Inc. Copyright
     4082        (c) 2007-2012, Google Inc. All rights reserved.
     4083      </para>
     4084
     4085      <para>
     4086        THE "BSD" LICENCE. Redistribution and use in source and binary
     4087        forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that
     4088        the following conditions are met:
     4089      </para>
     4090
     4091      <itemizedlist>
     4092
     4093        <listitem>
     4094          <para>
     4095            Redistributions of source code must retain the above
     4096            copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
     4097            disclaimer.
     4098          </para>
     4099        </listitem>
     4100
     4101        <listitem>
     4102          <para>
     4103            Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
     4104            copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
     4105            disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
     4106            provided with the distribution.
     4107          </para>
     4108        </listitem>
     4109
     4110        <listitem>
     4111          <para>
     4112            Neither the name of the University of Cambridge nor the name
     4113            of Google Inc. nor the names of their contributors may be
     4114            used to endorse or promote products derived from this
     4115            software without specific prior written permission.
     4116          </para>
     4117        </listitem>
     4118
    28744119      </itemizedlist>
    2875       <para>
    2876         THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
    2877         AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
    2878         IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
    2879         ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
    2880         LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
    2881         CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
    2882         SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
    2883         INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
    2884         CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
    2885         ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
    2886         POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
    2887       </para>
     4120
     4121      <para>
     4122        THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
     4123        CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
     4124        INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
     4125        MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
     4126        DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
     4127        CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
     4128        SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
     4129        LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
     4130        USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
     4131        AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
     4132        LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
     4133        IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF
     4134        THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
     4135      </para>
     4136
    28884137    </sect2>
    28894138
    28904139    <sect2 id="licLibffi">
     4140
    28914141      <title>libffi License</title>
    28924142
    28934143      <para>
    2894         Copyright (c) 1996-2012  Anthony Green, Red Hat, Inc and others.
     4144        Copyright (c) 1996-2012 Anthony Green, Red Hat, Inc and others.
    28954145        See source files for details.
    2896       </para><para>
    2897         Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
    2898         a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
    2899         ``Software''), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
    2900         without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
    2901         distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
    2902         permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
    2903         the following conditions:
    2904       </para><para>
     4146      </para>
     4147
     4148      <para>
     4149        Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
     4150        obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
     4151        files (the ``Software''), to deal in the Software without
     4152        restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
     4153        copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
     4154        sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
     4155        Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
     4156        conditions:
     4157      </para>
     4158
     4159      <para>
    29054160        The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
    29064161        included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
    2907       </para><para>
    2908         THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
    2909         EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
    2910         MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
    2911         IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
    2912         CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
    2913         TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
    2914         SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
    2915       </para>
     4162      </para>
     4163
     4164      <para>
     4165        THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
     4166        KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE
     4167        WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
     4168        AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
     4169        HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
     4170        WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
     4171        FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
     4172        OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
     4173      </para>
     4174
    29164175    </sect2>
    29174176
    29184177    <sect2 id="licFltk">
     4178
    29194179      <title>FLTK License</title>
    29204180
    29214181      <para>
    29224182        December 11, 2001
    2923       </para><para>
    2924         The FLTK library and included programs are provided under the terms
    2925         of the GNU Library General Public License (LGPL) with the following
    2926         exceptions:
    2927       </para>
     4183      </para>
     4184
     4185      <para>
     4186        The FLTK library and included programs are provided under the
     4187        terms of the GNU Library General Public License (LGPL) with the
     4188        following exceptions:
     4189      </para>
     4190
    29284191      <orderedlist>
     4192
    29294193        <listitem>
    29304194          <para>
    2931             Modifications to the FLTK configure script, config
    2932             header file, and makefiles by themselves to support
    2933             a specific platform do not constitute a modified or
    2934             derivative work.
     4195            Modifications to the FLTK configure script, config header
     4196            file, and makefiles by themselves to support a specific
     4197            platform do not constitute a modified or derivative work.
    29354198          </para>
     4199
    29364200          <para>
    29374201            The authors do request that such modifications be
    29384202            contributed to the FLTK project - send all contributions
    29394203            through the "Software Trouble Report" on the following page:
    2940            </para><para>
     4204          </para>
     4205
     4206          <para>
    29414207            http://www.fltk.org/str.php
    29424208          </para>
    29434209        </listitem>
     4210
    29444211        <listitem>
    29454212          <para>
     
    29484215          </para>
    29494216        </listitem>
     4217
    29504218        <listitem>
    29514219          <para>
    2952             Static linking of applications and widgets to the
    2953             FLTK library does not constitute a derivative work
    2954             and does not require the author to provide source
    2955             code for the application or widget, use the shared
    2956             FLTK libraries, or link their applications or
    2957             widgets against a user-supplied version of FLTK.
     4220            Static linking of applications and widgets to the FLTK
     4221            library does not constitute a derivative work and does not
     4222            require the author to provide source code for the
     4223            application or widget, use the shared FLTK libraries, or
     4224            link their applications or widgets against a user-supplied
     4225            version of FLTK.
    29584226          </para>
     4227
    29594228          <para>
    2960             If you link the application or widget to a modified
    2961             version of FLTK, then the changes to FLTK must be
    2962             provided under the terms of the LGPL in sections
    2963             1, 2, and 4.
     4229            If you link the application or widget to a modified version
     4230            of FLTK, then the changes to FLTK must be provided under the
     4231            terms of the LGPL in sections 1, 2, and 4.
    29644232          </para>
    29654233        </listitem>
     4234
    29664235        <listitem>
    29674236          <para>
    2968             You do not have to provide a copy of the FLTK license
    2969             with programs that are linked to the FLTK library, nor
    2970             do you have to identify the FLTK license in your
    2971             program or documentation as required by section 6
    2972             of the LGPL.
     4237            You do not have to provide a copy of the FLTK license with
     4238            programs that are linked to the FLTK library, nor do you
     4239            have to identify the FLTK license in your program or
     4240            documentation as required by section 6 of the LGPL.
    29734241          </para>
     4242
    29744243          <para>
    2975             However, programs must still identify their use of FLTK.
    2976             The following example statement can be included in user
     4244            However, programs must still identify their use of FLTK. The
     4245            following example statement can be included in user
    29774246            documentation to satisfy this requirement:
    29784247          </para>
     4248
    29794249          <para>
    2980             [program/widget] is based in part on the work of
    2981             the FLTK project (http://www.fltk.org).
     4250            [program/widget] is based in part on the work of the FLTK
     4251            project (http://www.fltk.org).
    29824252          </para>
    29834253        </listitem>
     4254
    29844255      </orderedlist>
     4256
    29854257    </sect2>
    29864258
    29874259    <sect2 id="licExpat">
     4260
    29884261      <title>Expat License</title>
    2989       <para>
    2990         Copyright (c) 1998, 1999, 2000 Thai Open Source Software Center Ltd
    2991         and Clark Cooper
    2992       </para>
    2993       <para>
    2994         Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Expat maintainers.
    2995       </para>
    2996       <para>
    2997         Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
    2998         a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
    2999         "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
    3000         without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
    3001         distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
    3002         permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
    3003         the following conditions:
    3004       </para>
    3005       <para>
    3006         The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
    3007         in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
    3008       </para>
     4262
     4263      <para>
     4264        Copyright (c) 1998, 1999, 2000 Thai Open Source Software Center
     4265        Ltd and Clark Cooper
     4266      </para>
     4267
     4268      <para>
     4269        Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Expat
     4270        maintainers.
     4271      </para>
     4272
     4273      <para>
     4274        Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
     4275        obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
     4276        files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
     4277        restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
     4278        copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
     4279        sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
     4280        Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
     4281        conditions:
     4282      </para>
     4283
     4284      <para>
     4285        The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
     4286        included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
     4287      </para>
     4288
    30094289      <para>
    30104290        THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
    3011         EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
    3012         MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
    3013         IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
    3014         CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
    3015         TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
    3016         SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
    3017       </para>
     4291        EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
     4292        OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
     4293        NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
     4294        HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
     4295        WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
     4296        FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
     4297        OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
     4298      </para>
     4299
    30184300    </sect2>
    30194301
    30204302    <sect2 id="licFontconfig">
     4303
    30214304      <title>Fontconfig License</title>
     4305
    30224306      <para>
    30234307        Copyright (C) 2001, 2003 Keith Packard
    30244308      </para>
    3025       <para>
    3026         Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its
    3027         documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that
    3028         the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that
    3029         copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
    3030         documentation, and that the name of the author(s) not be used in
    3031         advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without
    3032         specific, written prior permission.  The authors make no
    3033         representations about the suitability of this software for any purpose.  It
    3034         is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
    3035       </para>
    3036       <para>
    3037         THE AUTHOR(S) DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
    3038         INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO
    3039         EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR
    3040         CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE,
    3041         DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER
    3042         TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
    3043         PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
    3044       </para>
     4309
     4310      <para>
     4311        Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this
     4312        software and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted
     4313        without fee, provided that the above copyright notice appear in
     4314        all copies and that both that copyright notice and this
     4315        permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that
     4316        the name of the author(s) not be used in advertising or
     4317        publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without
     4318        specific, written prior permission. The authors make no
     4319        representations about the suitability of this software for any
     4320        purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied
     4321        warranty.
     4322      </para>
     4323
     4324      <para>
     4325        THE AUTHOR(S) DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS
     4326        SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
     4327        AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
     4328        SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
     4329        WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER
     4330        IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION,
     4331        ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF
     4332        THIS SOFTWARE.
     4333      </para>
     4334
    30454335    </sect2>
    30464336
    30474337    <sect2 id="licFreetype">
     4338
    30484339      <title>Freetype License</title>
     4340
    30494341      <para>
    30504342        2006-Jan-27
    30514343      </para>
    3052       <para>
    3053         Copyright 1996-2002, 2006 by David Turner, Robert Wilhelm, and Werner Lemberg
    3054       </para>
     4344
     4345      <para>
     4346        Copyright 1996-2002, 2006 by David Turner, Robert Wilhelm, and
     4347        Werner Lemberg
     4348      </para>
     4349
    30554350      <sect3>
     4351
    30564352        <title>Introduction</title>
    3057         <para>
    3058           The FreeType  Project is distributed in  several archive packages;
    3059           some of them may contain, in addition to the FreeType font engine,
    3060           various tools and  contributions which rely on, or  relate to, the
    3061           FreeType Project.
    3062         </para>
    3063         <para>
    3064           This  license applies  to all  files found  in such  packages, and
    3065           which do not  fall under their own explicit  license.  The license
    3066           affects  thus  the  FreeType   font  engine,  the  test  programs,
    3067           documentation and makefiles, at the very least.
    3068         </para>
    3069         <para>
    3070           This  license   was  inspired  by  the  BSD,   Artistic,  and  IJG
    3071           (Independent JPEG  Group) licenses, which  all encourage inclusion
    3072           and  use of  free  software in  commercial  and freeware  products
    3073           alike.  As a consequence, its main points are that:
    3074         </para>
     4353
     4354        <para>
     4355          The FreeType Project is distributed in several archive
     4356          packages; some of them may contain, in addition to the
     4357          FreeType font engine, various tools and contributions which
     4358          rely on, or relate to, the FreeType Project.
     4359        </para>
     4360
     4361        <para>
     4362          This license applies to all files found in such packages, and
     4363          which do not fall under their own explicit license. The
     4364          license affects thus the FreeType font engine, the test
     4365          programs, documentation and makefiles, at the very least.
     4366        </para>
     4367
     4368        <para>
     4369          This license was inspired by the BSD, Artistic, and IJG
     4370          (Independent JPEG Group) licenses, which all encourage
     4371          inclusion and use of free software in commercial and freeware
     4372          products alike. As a consequence, its main points are that:
     4373        </para>
     4374
    30754375        <itemizedlist>
     4376
    30764377          <listitem>
    30774378            <para>
    3078               We don't promise that this software works. However, we will be
    3079               interested in any kind of bug reports. (`as is' distribution)
     4379              We don't promise that this software works. However, we
     4380              will be interested in any kind of bug reports. (`as is'
     4381              distribution)
    30804382            </para>
    30814383          </listitem>
     4384
    30824385          <listitem>
    30834386            <para>
    3084               You can  use this software for whatever you  want, in parts or
    3085               full form, without having to pay us. (`royalty-free' usage)
     4387              You can use this software for whatever you want, in parts
     4388              or full form, without having to pay us. (`royalty-free'
     4389              usage)
    30864390            </para>
    30874391          </listitem>
     4392
    30884393          <listitem>
    30894394            <para>
    3090               You may not pretend that  you wrote this software.  If you use
    3091               it, or  only parts of it,  in a program,  you must acknowledge
    3092               somewhere  in  your  documentation  that  you  have  used  the
    3093               FreeType code. (`credits')
     4395              You may not pretend that you wrote this software. If you
     4396              use it, or only parts of it, in a program, you must
     4397              acknowledge somewhere in your documentation that you have
     4398              used the FreeType code. (`credits')
    30944399            </para>
    30954400          </listitem>
     4401
    30964402        </itemizedlist>
    3097         <para>
    3098           We  specifically  permit  and  encourage  the  inclusion  of  this
    3099           software, with  or without modifications,  in commercial products.
    3100           We  disclaim  all warranties  covering  The  FreeType Project  and
    3101           assume no liability related to The FreeType Project.
    3102         </para>
    3103         <para>
    3104           Finally,  many  people  asked  us  for  a  preferred  form  for  a
    3105           credit/disclaimer to use in compliance with this license.  We thus
    3106           encourage you to use the following text:
    3107         </para>
    3108         <para>
    3109           Portions of this software are copyright (C) &lt;year&gt; The FreeType
    3110           Project (www.freetype.org).  All rights reserved.
    3111         </para>
    3112         <para>
    3113           Please replace &lt;year&gt; with the value from the FreeType version you
    3114           actually use.
    3115         </para>
     4403
     4404        <para>
     4405          We specifically permit and encourage the inclusion of this
     4406          software, with or without modifications, in commercial
     4407          products. We disclaim all warranties covering The FreeType
     4408          Project and assume no liability related to The FreeType
     4409          Project.
     4410        </para>
     4411
     4412        <para>
     4413          Finally, many people asked us for a preferred form for a
     4414          credit/disclaimer to use in compliance with this license. We
     4415          thus encourage you to use the following text:
     4416        </para>
     4417
     4418        <para>
     4419          Portions of this software are copyright (C) &lt;year&gt; The
     4420          FreeType Project (www.freetype.org). All rights reserved.
     4421        </para>
     4422
     4423        <para>
     4424          Please replace &lt;year&gt; with the value from the FreeType
     4425          version you actually use.
     4426        </para>
     4427
    31164428      </sect3>
     4429
    31174430      <sect3>
     4431
    31184432        <title>Legal Terms</title>
    31194433
    3120           <para>0. Definitions</para>
    3121           <para>
    3122             Throughout this license,  the terms `package', `FreeType Project',
    3123             and  `FreeType  archive' refer  to  the  set  of files  originally
    3124             distributed  by the  authors  (David Turner,  Robert Wilhelm,  and
    3125             Werner Lemberg) as the `FreeType Project', be they named as alpha,
    3126             beta or final release.
    3127           </para>
    3128           <para>
    3129             `You' refers to  the licensee, or person using  the project, where
    3130             `using' is a generic term including compiling the project's source
    3131             code as  well as linking it  to form a  `program' or `executable'.
    3132             This  program is  referred to  as  `a program  using the  FreeType
    3133             engine'.
    3134           </para>
    3135           <para>
    3136             This  license applies  to all  files distributed  in  the original
    3137             FreeType  Project,   including  all  source   code,  binaries  and
    3138             documentation,  unless  otherwise  stated   in  the  file  in  its
    3139             original, unmodified form as  distributed in the original archive.
    3140             If you are  unsure whether or not a particular  file is covered by
    3141             this license, you must contact us to verify this.
    3142           </para>
    3143           <para>
    3144             The FreeType  Project is copyright (C) 1996-2000  by David Turner,
    3145             Robert Wilhelm, and Werner Lemberg.  All rights reserved except as
    3146             specified below.
    3147           </para>
    3148 
    3149 
    3150           <para>1. No Warranty</para>
    3151           <para>
    3152             THE FREETYPE PROJECT  IS PROVIDED `AS IS' WITHOUT  WARRANTY OF ANY
    3153             KIND, EITHER  EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,  INCLUDING, BUT NOT  LIMITED TO,
    3154             WARRANTIES  OF  MERCHANTABILITY   AND  FITNESS  FOR  A  PARTICULAR
    3155             PURPOSE.  IN NO EVENT WILL ANY OF THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
    3156             BE LIABLE  FOR ANY DAMAGES CAUSED  BY THE USE OR  THE INABILITY TO
    3157             USE, OF THE FREETYPE PROJECT.
    3158           </para>
    3159 
    3160 
    3161           <para>2. Redistribution</para>
    3162           <para>
    3163             This  license  grants  a  worldwide, royalty-free,  perpetual  and
    3164             irrevocable right  and license to use,  execute, perform, compile,
    3165             display,  copy,   create  derivative  works   of,  distribute  and
    3166             sublicense the  FreeType Project (in  both source and  object code
    3167             forms)  and  derivative works  thereof  for  any  purpose; and  to
    3168             authorize others  to exercise  some or all  of the  rights granted
    3169             herein, subject to the following conditions:
    3170           </para>
    3171           <itemizedlist>
    3172             <listitem>
    3173               <para>
    3174               Redistribution of  source code  must retain this  license file
    3175               (`FTL.TXT') unaltered; any  additions, deletions or changes to
    3176               the original  files must be clearly  indicated in accompanying
    3177               documentation.   The  copyright   notices  of  the  unaltered,
    3178               original  files must  be  preserved in  all  copies of  source
    3179               files.
    3180               </para>
    3181             </listitem>
    3182             <listitem>
    3183               <para>
    3184               Redistribution in binary form must provide a  disclaimer  that
    3185               states  that  the software is based in part of the work of the
    3186               FreeType Team,  in  the  distribution  documentation.  We also
    3187               encourage you to put an URL to the FreeType web page  in  your
    3188               documentation, though this isn't mandatory.
    3189               </para>
    3190             </listitem>
    3191           </itemizedlist>
    3192           <para>
    3193             These conditions  apply to any  software derived from or  based on
    3194             the FreeType Project,  not just the unmodified files.   If you use
    3195             our work, you  must acknowledge us.  However, no  fee need be paid
    3196             to us.
    3197           </para>
    3198 
    3199 
    3200            <para>3. Advertising</para>
    3201            <para>
    3202             Neither the  FreeType authors and  contributors nor you  shall use
    3203             the name of the  other for commercial, advertising, or promotional
    3204             purposes without specific prior written permission.
     4434        <para>
     4435          0. Definitions
     4436        </para>
     4437
     4438        <para>
     4439          Throughout this license, the terms `package', `FreeType
     4440          Project', and `FreeType archive' refer to the set of files
     4441          originally distributed by the authors (David Turner, Robert
     4442          Wilhelm, and Werner Lemberg) as the `FreeType Project', be
     4443          they named as alpha, beta or final release.
     4444        </para>
     4445
     4446        <para>
     4447          `You' refers to the licensee, or person using the project,
     4448          where `using' is a generic term including compiling the
     4449          project's source code as well as linking it to form a
     4450          `program' or `executable'. This program is referred to as `a
     4451          program using the FreeType engine'.
     4452        </para>
     4453
     4454        <para>
     4455          This license applies to all files distributed in the original
     4456          FreeType Project, including all source code, binaries and
     4457          documentation, unless otherwise stated in the file in its
     4458          original, unmodified form as distributed in the original
     4459          archive. If you are unsure whether or not a particular file is
     4460          covered by this license, you must contact us to verify this.
     4461        </para>
     4462
     4463        <para>
     4464          The FreeType Project is copyright (C) 1996-2000 by David
     4465          Turner, Robert Wilhelm, and Werner Lemberg. All rights
     4466          reserved except as specified below.
     4467        </para>
     4468
     4469        <para>
     4470          1. No Warranty
     4471        </para>
     4472
     4473        <para>
     4474          THE FREETYPE PROJECT IS PROVIDED `AS IS' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
     4475          ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
     4476          LIMITED TO, WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
     4477          PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT WILL ANY OF THE AUTHORS OR
     4478          COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES CAUSED BY THE USE
     4479          OR THE INABILITY TO USE, OF THE FREETYPE PROJECT.
     4480        </para>
     4481
     4482        <para>
     4483          2. Redistribution
     4484        </para>
     4485
     4486        <para>
     4487          This license grants a worldwide, royalty-free, perpetual and
     4488          irrevocable right and license to use, execute, perform,
     4489          compile, display, copy, create derivative works of, distribute
     4490          and sublicense the FreeType Project (in both source and object
     4491          code forms) and derivative works thereof for any purpose; and
     4492          to authorize others to exercise some or all of the rights
     4493          granted herein, subject to the following conditions:
     4494        </para>
     4495
     4496        <itemizedlist>
     4497
     4498          <listitem>
     4499            <para>
     4500              Redistribution of source code must retain this license
     4501              file (`FTL.TXT') unaltered; any additions, deletions or
     4502              changes to the original files must be clearly indicated in
     4503              accompanying documentation. The copyright notices of the
     4504              unaltered, original files must be preserved in all copies
     4505              of source files.
    32054506            </para>
    3206           <para>
    3207             We suggest,  but do not require, that  you use one or  more of the
    3208             following phrases to refer  to this software in your documentation
    3209             or advertising  materials: `FreeType Project',  `FreeType Engine',
    3210             `FreeType library', or `FreeType Distribution'.
    3211           </para>
    3212           <para>
    3213             As  you have  not signed  this license,  you are  not  required to
    3214             accept  it.   However,  as  the FreeType  Project  is  copyrighted
    3215             material, only  this license, or  another one contracted  with the
    3216             authors, grants you  the right to use, distribute,  and modify it.
    3217             Therefore,  by  using,  distributing,  or modifying  the  FreeType
    3218             Project, you indicate that you understand and accept all the terms
    3219             of this license.
    3220           </para>
    3221 
    3222 
    3223           <para>4. Contacts</para>
    3224           <para>
    3225             There are two mailing lists related to FreeType:
    3226           </para>
    3227           <itemizedlist>
    3228             <listitem>
    3229               <para>
    3230                 [email protected]
    3231               </para>
    3232               <para>
    3233                 Discusses general use and applications of FreeType, as well as
    3234                 future and  wanted additions to the  library and distribution.
    3235                 If  you are looking  for support,  start in  this list  if you
    3236                 haven't found anything to help you in the documentation.
    3237               </para>
    3238             </listitem>
    3239             <listitem>
    3240               <para>
    3241                 [email protected]
    3242               </para>
    3243               <para>
    3244                 Discusses bugs,  as well  as engine internals,  design issues,
    3245                 specific licenses, porting, etc.
    3246               </para>
    3247             </listitem>
    3248           </itemizedlist>
    3249           <para>
    3250             Our home page can be found at
    3251           </para>
    3252           <para>
    3253             http://www.freetype.org
    3254           </para>
     4507          </listitem>
     4508
     4509          <listitem>
     4510            <para>
     4511              Redistribution in binary form must provide a disclaimer
     4512              that states that the software is based in part of the work
     4513              of the FreeType Team, in the distribution documentation.
     4514              We also encourage you to put an URL to the FreeType web
     4515              page in your documentation, though this isn't mandatory.
     4516            </para>
     4517          </listitem>
     4518
     4519        </itemizedlist>
     4520
     4521        <para>
     4522          These conditions apply to any software derived from or based
     4523          on the FreeType Project, not just the unmodified files. If you
     4524          use our work, you must acknowledge us. However, no fee need be
     4525          paid to us.
     4526        </para>
     4527
     4528        <para>
     4529          3. Advertising
     4530        </para>
     4531
     4532        <para>
     4533          Neither the FreeType authors and contributors nor you shall
     4534          use the name of the other for commercial, advertising, or
     4535          promotional purposes without specific prior written
     4536          permission.
     4537        </para>
     4538
     4539        <para>
     4540          We suggest, but do not require, that you use one or more of
     4541          the following phrases to refer to this software in your
     4542          documentation or advertising materials: `FreeType Project',
     4543          `FreeType Engine', `FreeType library', or `FreeType
     4544          Distribution'.
     4545        </para>
     4546
     4547        <para>
     4548          As you have not signed this license, you are not required to
     4549          accept it. However, as the FreeType Project is copyrighted
     4550          material, only this license, or another one contracted with
     4551          the authors, grants you the right to use, distribute, and
     4552          modify it. Therefore, by using, distributing, or modifying the
     4553          FreeType Project, you indicate that you understand and accept
     4554          all the terms of this license.
     4555        </para>
     4556
     4557        <para>
     4558          4. Contacts
     4559        </para>
     4560
     4561        <para>
     4562          There are two mailing lists related to FreeType:
     4563        </para>
     4564
     4565        <itemizedlist>
     4566
     4567          <listitem>
     4568            <para>
     4569              [email protected]
     4570            </para>
     4571
     4572            <para>
     4573              Discusses general use and applications of FreeType, as
     4574              well as future and wanted additions to the library and
     4575              distribution. If you are looking for support, start in
     4576              this list if you haven't found anything to help you in the
     4577              documentation.
     4578            </para>
     4579          </listitem>
     4580
     4581          <listitem>
     4582            <para>
     4583              [email protected]
     4584            </para>
     4585
     4586            <para>
     4587              Discusses bugs, as well as engine internals, design
     4588              issues, specific licenses, porting, etc.
     4589            </para>
     4590          </listitem>
     4591
     4592        </itemizedlist>
     4593
     4594        <para>
     4595          Our home page can be found at
     4596        </para>
     4597
     4598        <para>
     4599          http://www.freetype.org
     4600        </para>
    32554601
    32564602      </sect3>
     4603
    32574604    </sect2>
     4605
    32584606    <sect2 id="licVPX">
     4607
    32594608      <title>VPX License</title>
    3260       <para>
    3261         Copyright (c) 2010, The WebM Project authors. All rights reserved.
    3262       </para>
    3263       <para>
    3264         Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    3265         modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
    3266         met:
    3267       </para>
     4609
     4610      <para>
     4611        Copyright (c) 2010, The WebM Project authors. All rights
     4612        reserved.
     4613      </para>
     4614
     4615      <para>
     4616        Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
     4617        without modification, are permitted provided that the following
     4618        conditions are met:
     4619      </para>
     4620
    32684621      <itemizedlist>
     4622
    32694623        <listitem>
    32704624          <para>
    3271             Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
    3272             notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     4625            Redistributions of source code must retain the above
     4626            copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
     4627            disclaimer.
    32734628          </para>
    32744629        </listitem>
     4630
    32754631        <listitem>
    32764632          <para>
    3277             Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
    3278             notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
    3279             the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
    3280             distribution.
     4633            Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
     4634            copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
     4635            disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
     4636            provided with the distribution.
    32814637          </para>
    32824638        </listitem>
     4639
    32834640        <listitem>
    32844641          <para>
    3285             Neither the name of Google, nor the WebM Project, nor the names
    3286             of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
    3287             derived from this software without specific prior written
    3288             permission.
     4642            Neither the name of Google, nor the WebM Project, nor the
     4643            names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote
     4644            products derived from this software without specific prior
     4645            written permission.
    32894646          </para>
    32904647        </listitem>
     4648
    32914649      </itemizedlist>
    3292       <para>
    3293         THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
    3294         "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
    3295         LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
    3296         A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
    3297         HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
     4650
     4651      <para>
     4652        THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
     4653        CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
     4654        INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
     4655        MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
     4656        DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR
     4657        CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
    32984658        SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
    3299         LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
    3300         DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
    3301         THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
    3302         (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
    3303         OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
    3304       </para>
     4659        LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
     4660        USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
     4661        AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
     4662        LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
     4663        IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF
     4664        THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
     4665      </para>
     4666
    33054667    </sect2>
     4668
    33064669    <sect2 id="licOpus">
     4670
    33074671      <title>Opus License</title>
    3308       <para>
    3309         Copyright 2001-2011 Xiph.Org, Skype Limited, Octasic,
    3310                             Jean-Marc Valin, Timothy B. Terriberry,
    3311                             CSIRO, Gregory Maxwell, Mark Borgerding,
    3312                             Erik de Castro Lopo
    3313       </para>
    3314       <para>
    3315         Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    3316         modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
    3317         met:
    3318       </para>
     4672
     4673      <para>
     4674        Copyright 2001-2011 Xiph.Org, Skype Limited, Octasic, Jean-Marc
     4675        Valin, Timothy B. Terriberry, CSIRO, Gregory Maxwell, Mark
     4676        Borgerding, Erik de Castro Lopo
     4677      </para>
     4678
     4679      <para>
     4680        Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
     4681        without modification, are permitted provided that the following
     4682        conditions are met:
     4683      </para>
     4684
    33194685      <itemizedlist>
     4686
    33204687        <listitem>
    33214688          <para>
    3322             Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
    3323             notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     4689            Redistributions of source code must retain the above
     4690            copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
     4691            disclaimer.
    33244692          </para>
    33254693        </listitem>
     4694
    33264695        <listitem>
    33274696          <para>
    3328             Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
    3329             notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
    3330             documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
     4697            Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
     4698            copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
     4699            disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
     4700            provided with the distribution.
    33314701          </para>
    33324702        </listitem>
     4703
    33334704        <listitem>
    33344705          <para>
    3335             Neither the name of Internet Society, IETF or IETF Trust, nor the
    3336             names of specific contributors, may be used to endorse or promote
    3337             products derived from this software without specific prior written
    3338             permission.
     4706            Neither the name of Internet Society, IETF or IETF Trust,
     4707            nor the names of specific contributors, may be used to
     4708            endorse or promote products derived from this software
     4709            without specific prior written permission.
    33394710          </para>
    33404711        </listitem>
     4712
    33414713      </itemizedlist>
    3342       <para>
    3343         THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
    3344         ''AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
    3345         LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
    3346         A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
    3347         OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
    3348         EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
    3349         PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
    3350         PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
    3351         LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
    3352         NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
    3353         SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
    3354 
    3355         Opus is subject to the royalty-free patent licenses which are
    3356         specified at:
    3357 
    3358         Xiph.Org Foundation:
    3359         https://datatracker.ietf.org/ipr/1524/
    3360 
    3361         Microsoft Corporation:
    3362         https://datatracker.ietf.org/ipr/1914/
    3363 
    3364         Broadcom Corporation:
    3365         https://datatracker.ietf.org/ipr/1526/
    3366       </para>
     4714
     4715      <para>
     4716        THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
     4717        CONTRIBUTORS ''AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
     4718        INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
     4719        MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
     4720        DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
     4721        CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
     4722        SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
     4723        LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
     4724        USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
     4725        AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
     4726        LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
     4727        IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF
     4728        THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. Opus is subject to the
     4729        royalty-free patent licenses which are specified at: Xiph.Org
     4730        Foundation: https://datatracker.ietf.org/ipr/1524/ Microsoft
     4731        Corporation: https://datatracker.ietf.org/ipr/1914/ Broadcom
     4732        Corporation: https://datatracker.ietf.org/ipr/1526/
     4733      </para>
     4734
    33674735    </sect2>
     4736
    33684737  </sect1>
     4738
    33694739</appendix>
  • trunk/doc/manual/en_US/user_Troubleshooting.xml

    r73276 r76078  
    1111  <para>
    1212    This chapter provides answers to commonly asked questions. In order
    13     to improve your user experience with VirtualBox, it is recommended
    14     to read this section to learn more about common pitfalls and get
    15     recommendations on how to use the product.
     13    to improve your user experience with &product-name;, it is
     14    recommended to read this section to learn more about common pitfalls
     15    and get recommendations on how to use the product.
    1616  </para>
    1717
     
    3333
    3434      <para>
    35         If a true VirtualBox problem is encountered, it helps to
     35        If a true &product-name; problem is encountered, it helps to
    3636        categorize and isolate the problem first. Here are some of the
    3737        questions that should be answered before reporting a problem:
     
    5252          <para>
    5353            Is the problem specific to a certain host OS? Problems are
    54             usually not host OS specific, because most of the VirtualBox
    55             code base is shared across all supported platforms, but
    56             especially in the areas of networking and USB support, there
    57             are significant differences between host platforms. Some GUI
    58             related issues are also host specific.
     54            usually not host OS specific, because most of the
     55            &product-name; code base is shared across all supported
     56            platforms, but especially in the areas of networking and USB
     57            support, there are significant differences between host
     58            platforms. Some GUI related issues are also host specific.
    5959          </para>
    6060        </listitem>
     
    104104            Is the problem specific to a certain environment? Some
    105105            problems are related to a particular environment external to
    106             the VM; this usually involves network setup. Certain
     106            the VM. This usually involves network setup. Certain
    107107            configurations of external servers such as DHCP or PXE may
    108108            expose problems which do not occur with other, similar
     
    130130      <para>
    131131        For problem determination, it is often important to collect
    132         debugging information which can be analyzed by VirtualBox
     132        debugging information which can be analyzed by &product-name;
    133133        support. This section contains information about what kind of
    134134        information can be obtained.
     
    136136
    137137      <para>
    138         Every time VirtualBox starts up a VM, a so-called
     138        Every time &product-name; starts up a VM, a so-called
    139139        <emphasis>release log file</emphasis> is created, containing
    140140        lots of information about the VM configuration and runtime
    141141        events. The log file is called
    142         <computeroutput><literal>VBox.log</literal></computeroutput> and
    143         resides in the VM log file folder. Typically this will be a
    144         directory as follows:
     142        <computeroutput>VBox.log</computeroutput> and resides in the VM
     143        log file folder. Typically this will be a directory as follows:
     144      </para>
    145145
    146146<screen>$HOME/VirtualBox VMs/{machinename}/Logs</screen>
    147       </para>
    148147
    149148      <para>
     
    152151        <computeroutput>.3</computeroutput>. Sometimes when there is a
    153152        problem, it is useful to have a look at the logs. Also when
    154         requesting support for VirtualBox, supplying the corresponding
    155         log file is mandatory.
    156       </para>
    157 
    158       <para>
    159         For convenience, for each virtual machine, the VirtualBox main
    160         window can show these logs in a window. To access it, select a
    161         virtual machine from the list on the left and select
    162         <emphasis role="bold">Show logs...</emphasis> from the Machine
    163         menu.
    164       </para>
    165 
    166       <para>
    167         The release log file (VBox.log) contains a wealth of diagnostic
    168         information, such as Host OS type and version, VirtualBox
    169         version and build (32-bit or 64-bit), a complete dump of the
    170         guest's configuration (CFGM), detailed information about the
    171         host CPU type and supported features, whether hardware
    172         virtualization is enabled, information about VT-x/AMD-V setup,
    173         state transitions (such as creating, running, paused, stopping),
    174         guest BIOS messages, Guest Additions messages, device-specific
    175         log entries and, at the end of execution, final guest state and
    176         condensed statistics.
     153        requesting support for &product-name;, supplying the
     154        corresponding log file is mandatory.
     155      </para>
     156
     157      <para>
     158        For convenience, for each virtual machine, the VirtualBox
     159        Manager window can show these logs in a window. To access it,
     160        select a virtual machine from the list on the left and select
     161        <emphasis role="bold">Show logs...</emphasis> from the
     162        <emphasis role="bold">Machine</emphasis> menu.
     163      </para>
     164
     165      <para>
     166        The release log file, VBox.log, contains a wealth of diagnostic
     167        information, such as Host OS type and version, &product-name;
     168        version and build (32-bit or 64-bit). It also includes a
     169        complete dump of the guest's configuration (CFGM), detailed
     170        information about the host CPU type and supported features,
     171        whether hardware virtualization is enabled, information about
     172        VT-x/AMD-V setup, state transitions (such as creating, running,
     173        paused, stopping), guest BIOS messages, Guest Additions
     174        messages, device-specific log entries and, at the end of
     175        execution, final guest state and condensed statistics.
    177176      </para>
    178177
     
    181180        <emphasis>crash dumps</emphasis>. This is true for both host and
    182181        guest crashes. For information about enabling core dumps on
    183         Linux, Solaris, and OS X systems, refer to the following core
    184         dump article on the VirtualBox website:
     182        Linux, Oracle Solaris, and OS X systems, refer to the following
     183        core dump article on the &product-name; website:
    185184      </para>
    186185
     
    191190
    192191      <para>
    193         You can also use <computeroutput>VBoxManage
    194         debugvm</computeroutput> to create a dump of a complete virtual
    195         machine. See <xref linkend="vboxmanage-debugvm" />.
     192        You can also use <command>VBoxManage debugvm</command> to create
     193        a dump of a complete virtual machine. See
     194        <xref linkend="vboxmanage-debugvm" />.
    196195      </para>
    197196
     
    205204
    206205      <para>
    207         VirtualBox provides an ability to capture network traffic only
    208         on a specific VM's network adapter. Refer to the following
    209         network tracing article on the VirtualBox website for
     206        &product-name; provides an ability to capture network traffic
     207        only on a specific VM's network adapter. Refer to the following
     208        network tracing article on the &product-name; website for
    210209        information on enabling this capture:
    211210      </para>
     
    217216
    218217      <para>
    219         The trace files created by VirtualBox are in
     218        The trace files created by &product-name; are in
    220219        <computeroutput>.pcap</computeroutput> format and can be easily
    221220        analyzed with Wireshark.
     
    229228
    230229      <para>
    231         VirtualBox includes a built-in VM debugger, which advanced users
    232         may find useful. This debugger allows for examining and, to some
    233         extent, controlling the VM state.
     230        &product-name; includes a built-in VM debugger, which advanced
     231        users may find useful. This debugger enables you to examine and,
     232        to some extent, control the VM state.
    234233      </para>
    235234
     
    248247      <para>
    249248        The VM debugger is available in all regular production versions
    250         of VirtualBox, but it is disabled by default because the average
    251         user will have little use for it. There are two ways to access
    252         the debugger:
     249        of &product-name;, but it is disabled by default because the
     250        average user will have little use for it. There are two ways to
     251        access the debugger:
    253252      </para>
    254253
     
    278277        <listitem>
    279278          <para>
    280             Start the VM directly using <computeroutput>VirtualBox
    281             --startvm</computeroutput>, with an additional
     279            Start the VM directly using <command>VirtualBox
     280            --startvm</command>, with an additional
    282281            <computeroutput>--dbg</computeroutput>,
    283282            <computeroutput>--debug</computeroutput>, or
    284283            <computeroutput>--debug-command-line</computeroutput>
    285             argument. See the VirtualBox usage help for details.
     284            argument. See the <command>VirtualBox</command> command
     285            usage help for details.
    286286          </para>
    287287        </listitem>
     
    294294            environment variable to
    295295            <computeroutput>true</computeroutput> before launching the
    296             VirtualBox process. Setting these variables, only their
     296            &product-name; process. Setting these variables, only their
    297297            presence is checked, is effective even when the first
    298             VirtualBox process is the VM selector window. VMs
     298            &product-name; process is the VM selector window. VMs
    299299            subsequently launched from the selector will have the
    300300            debugger enabled.
     
    314314
    315315      <para>
    316         A new Debug menu entry is added to the VirtualBox application.
    317         This menu allows the user to open the debugger console.
     316        A new <emphasis role="bold">Debug</emphasis> menu entry is added
     317        to the &product-name; application. This menu enables the user to
     318        open the debugger console.
    318319      </para>
    319320
     
    322323        and IBM debuggers used on DOS, OS/2, and Windows. Users familiar
    323324        with symdeb, CodeView, or the OS/2 kernel debugger will find the
    324         VirtualBox VM debugger familiar.
    325       </para>
    326 
    327       <para>
    328         The most important command is
    329         <computeroutput>help</computeroutput>. This will print brief
    330         usage help for all debugger commands. The set of commands
    331         supported by the VM debugger changes frequently and the
    332         <computeroutput>help</computeroutput> command is always
    333         up-to-date.
     325        &product-name; VM debugger familiar.
     326      </para>
     327
     328      <para>
     329        The most important command is <command>help</command>. This will
     330        print brief usage help for all debugger commands. The set of
     331        commands supported by the VM debugger changes frequently and the
     332        <command>help</command> command is always up-to-date.
    334333      </para>
    335334
     
    453452      <para>
    454453        The VM debugger supports symbolic debugging, although symbols
    455         for guest code are often not available. For Solaris guests, the
    456         <computeroutput>detect</computeroutput> command automatically
     454        for guest code are often not available. For Oracle Solaris
     455        guests, the <command>detect</command> command automatically
    457456        determines the guest OS version and locates kernel symbols in
    458457        guest's memory. Symbolic debugging is then available. For Linux
    459         guests, the <computeroutput>detect</computeroutput> commands
    460         also determines the guest OS version, but there are no symbols
    461         in the guest's memory. Kernel symbols are available in the file
     458        guests, the <command>detect</command> commands also determines
     459        the guest OS version, but there are no symbols in the guest's
     460        memory. Kernel symbols are available in the file
    462461        <computeroutput>/proc/kallsyms</computeroutput> on Linux guests.
    463462        This file must be copied to the host, for example using
    464         <computeroutput>scp</computeroutput>. The
    465         <computeroutput>loadmap</computeroutput> debugger command can be
    466         used to make the symbol information available to the VM
    467         debugger. Note that the
     463        <command>scp</command>. The <command>loadmap</command> debugger
     464        command can be used to make the symbol information available to
     465        the VM debugger. Note that the
    468466        <computeroutput>kallsyms</computeroutput> file contains the
    469467        symbols for the currently loaded modules. If the guest's
     
    474472      <para>
    475473        For all guests, a simple way to verify that the correct symbols
    476         are loaded is the <computeroutput>k</computeroutput> command.
    477         The guest is normally idling and it should be clear from the
    478         symbolic information that the guest operating system's idle loop
    479         is being executed.
     474        are loaded is the <command>k</command> command. The guest is
     475        normally idling and it should be clear from the symbolic
     476        information that the guest operating system's idle loop is being
     477        executed.
    480478      </para>
    481479
    482480      <para>
    483481        Another group of debugger commands is the set of
    484         <computeroutput>info</computeroutput> commands. Running
    485         <computeroutput>info help</computeroutput> provides complete
    486         usage information. The information commands provide ad-hoc data
    487         pertinent to various emulated devices and aspects of the VMM.
    488         There is no general guideline for using the
    489         <computeroutput>info</computeroutput> commands, the right
    490         command to use depends entirely on the problem being
    491         investigated. Some of the <computeroutput>info</computeroutput>
    492         commands are as follows:
     482        <command>info</command> commands. Running <command>info
     483        help</command> provides complete usage information. The
     484        information commands provide ad-hoc data pertinent to various
     485        emulated devices and aspects of the VMM. There is no general
     486        guideline for using the <command>info</command> commands, the
     487        right command to use depends entirely on the problem being
     488        investigated. Some of the <command>info</command> commands are
     489        as follows:
    493490      </para>
    494491
     
    574571
    575572      <para>
    576         The output of the <computeroutput>info</computeroutput> commands
    577         generally requires in-depth knowledge of the emulated device
    578         and/or VirtualBox VMM internals. However, when used properly,
    579         the information provided can be invaluable.
     573        The output of the <command>info</command> commands generally
     574        requires in-depth knowledge of the emulated device or
     575        &product-name; VMM internals. However, when used properly, the
     576        information provided can be invaluable.
    580577      </para>
    581578
     
    587584
    588585      <para>
    589         VirtualBox uses the 64-bit ELF format for its VM core files
    590         created by <computeroutput>VBoxManage debugvm</computeroutput>,
    591         see <xref linkend="vboxmanage-debugvm" />. The VM core file
    592         contain the memory and CPU dumps of the VM and can be useful for
     586        &product-name; uses the 64-bit ELF format for its VM core files
     587        created by <command>VBoxManage debugvm</command>, see
     588        <xref linkend="vboxmanage-debugvm" />. The VM core file contain
     589        the memory and CPU dumps of the VM and can be useful for
    593590        debugging your guest OS. The 64-bit ELF object format
    594591        specification can be obtained at:
     
    604601      </para>
    605602
    606       <para>
    607603<screen>[ ELF 64 Header]
    608604[ Program Header, type PT_NOTE ]
     
    622618[ Additional Notes + Data ] - currently unused
    623619[ Memory dump ]</screen>
    624       </para>
    625620
    626621      <para>
     
    632627      <para>
    633628        The relevant data structures and definitions can be found in the
    634         VirtualBox sources under the following header files:
     629        &product-name; sources under the following header files:
    635630        <computeroutput>include/VBox/dbgfcorefmt.h</computeroutput>,
    636631        <computeroutput>include/iprt/x86.h</computeroutput> and
     
    828823      <para>
    829824        Depending on the specific hardware and host OS, this effect can
    830         very significantly skew the CPU usage reported by the OS; the
     825        very significantly skew the CPU usage reported by the OS. The
    831826        reported CPU usage can be several times higher than what it
    832827        would have been had the CPU been running at full speed. The
     
    891886
    892887      <para>
    893         To use 2D Video Acceleration within VirtualBox, your host's
     888        To use 2D Video Acceleration within &product-name;, your host's
    894889        video card should support certain OpenGL extensions. On startup,
    895         VirtualBox checks for those extensions, and, if the test fails,
    896         this option is silently grayed out.
     890        &product-name; checks for those extensions, and, if the test
     891        fails, this option is silently grayed out.
    897892      </para>
    898893
     
    929924        support at all. This happens because Windows 7 predates USB 3.0
    930925        and therefore does not ship with any xHCI drivers. Microsoft
    931         also does not offer any vendor-provided xHCI drivers via Windows
    932         Update.
     926        also does not offer any vendor-provided xHCI drivers through
     927        Windows Update.
    933928      </para>
    934929
     
    984979            Changing the storage controller hardware will cause bootup
    985980            failures as well. This might also apply to you if you copy a
    986             disk image from an older version of VirtualBox to a virtual
    987             machine created with a newer VirtualBox version; the default
    988             subtype of IDE controller hardware was changed from PIIX3 to
    989             PIIX4 with VirtualBox 2.2. Make sure these settings are
    990             identical.
     981            disk image from an older version of &product-name; to a
     982            virtual machine created with a newer &product-name; version.
     983            The default subtype of IDE controller hardware was changed
     984            from PIIX3 to PIIX4 with &product-name; 2.2. Make sure these
     985            settings are identical.
    991986          </para>
    992987        </listitem>
     
    1004999        (symmetrical multiprocessing, SMP), some configurations of
    10051000        Windows guests crash with an 0x101 error message, indicating a
    1006         timeout for inter-processor interrupts (IPIs). These interrupts
     1001        timeout for interprocessor interrupts (IPIs). These interrupts
    10071002        synchronize memory management between processors.
    10081003      </para>
     
    10481043          <para>
    10491044            Installation complains about a failure installing
    1050             <literal>msgina.dll</literal>.
     1045            <computeroutput>msgina.dll</computeroutput>.
    10511046          </para>
    10521047        </listitem>
     
    10981093
    10991094      <para>
    1100         VirtualBox provides a method of halting a guest when it wants to
    1101         perform a reset. In order to enable this feature, issue the
    1102         following command:
    1103       </para>
    1104 
    1105       <para>
     1095        &product-name; provides a method of halting a guest when it
     1096        wants to perform a reset. In order to enable this feature, use
     1097        the following command:
     1098      </para>
     1099
    11061100<screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" "VBoxInternal/PDM/HaltOnReset" 1</screen>
    1107       </para>
    11081101
    11091102    </sect2>
     
    11381131      <para>
    11391132        With Windows Vista, Microsoft dropped support for the AMD PCNet
    1140         card that VirtualBox used to provide as the default virtual
     1133        card that &product-name; used to provide as the default virtual
    11411134        network card before version 1.6.0. For Windows Vista guests,
    1142         VirtualBox now uses an Intel E1000 card by default.
     1135        &product-name; now uses an Intel E1000 card by default.
    11431136      </para>
    11441137
     
    11731166        The performance for accesses to shared folders from a Windows
    11741167        guest might be decreased due to delays during the resolution of
    1175         the VirtualBox shared folders name service. To fix these delays,
    1176         add the following entries to the file
     1168        the &product-name; shared folders name service. To fix these
     1169        delays, add the following entries to the file
    11771170        <computeroutput>\windows\system32\drivers\etc\lmhosts</computeroutput>
    11781171        of the Windows guest:
     
    12011194      <para>
    12021195        The USB HID (Human Interface Device) drivers in Windows 98 are
    1203         very old and do not handle tablets the same way all more recent
    1204         operating systems do (Windows 2000 and later, Mac OS X,
    1205         Solaris). To work around the problem, issue the following
    1206         command:
    1207       </para>
    1208 
    1209       <para>
     1196        very old and do not handle tablets the same way as more recent
     1197        operating systems do. For example, Windows 2000 and later, Mac
     1198        OS X, and Oracle Solaris. To work around the problem, use the
     1199        following command:
     1200      </para>
     1201
    12101202<screen>VBoxManage setextradata "VM name" "VBoxInternal/USB/HidMouse/0/Config/CoordShift" 0</screen>
    1211       </para>
    12121203
    12131204      <para>
     
    12251216      <para>
    12261217        If a Windows guest is a member of an Active Directory domain and
    1227         the snapshot feature of VirtualBox is used, it could happen it
    1228         loses this status after you restore an older snapshot.
     1218        the snapshot feature of &product-name; is used, it could happen
     1219        it loses this status after you restore an older snapshot.
    12291220      </para>
    12301221
     
    12451236
    12461237      <para>
    1247         VirtualBox Guest Additions for Windows prior to 4.1.8 did not
    1248         properly back up the original d3d8.dll and d3d9.dll system files
    1249         when selecting and installing the experimental Direct3D support.
    1250         This process replaces both system files with files from the
    1251         VirtualBox Guest Additions so that Direct3D calls can be handled
    1252         correctly. Although this issue was fixed with VirtualBox 4.1.8,
    1253         there is no way the Windows Guest Additions installer can repair
    1254         these files.
    1255       </para>
    1256 
    1257       <para>
    1258         Corruption of these files has no implications in case 3D
    1259         acceleration is enabled and basic Direct3D support is installed,
    1260         that is, without WDDM (on Windows Vista or higher) or on older
    1261         Windows systems like Windows XP. With the basic Direct3D support
    1262         all Direct3D 8.0 and Direct3D 9.0 applications will utilize
    1263         VirtualBox Direct3D files directly and thus will run as
     1238        &product-name; Guest Additions for Windows prior to 4.1.8 did
     1239        not properly back up the original d3d8.dll and d3d9.dll system
     1240        files when selecting and installing the experimental Direct3D
     1241        support. This process replaces both system files with files from
     1242        the Guest Additions so that Direct3D calls can be handled
     1243        correctly. Although this issue was fixed with &product-name;
     1244        4.1.8, there is no way the Windows Guest Additions installer can
     1245        repair these files.
     1246      </para>
     1247
     1248      <para>
     1249        Corruption of these files has no implications if 3D acceleration
     1250        is enabled and basic Direct3D support is installed. That is,
     1251        without WDDM on Windows Vista or later, or on older Windows
     1252        systems like Windows XP. With the basic Direct3D support all
     1253        Direct3D 8.0 and Direct3D 9.0 applications will utilize
     1254        &product-name; Direct3D files directly and thus will run as
    12641255        expected.
    12651256      </para>
     
    12721263        not work anymore. See below for a step-by-step guide for
    12731264        restoring the original d3d8.dll and d3d9.dll system files in
    1274         case the VirtualBox Guest Additions installer warned about those
    1275         incorrect files or when having trouble running Direct3D
     1265        case the &product-name; Guest Additions installer warned about
     1266        those incorrect files or when having trouble running Direct3D
    12761267        applications.
    12771268      </para>
     
    15341525      <para>
    15351526        The following bugs in Linux kernels prevent them from executing
    1536         correctly in VirtualBox, causing VM boot crashes:
     1527        correctly in &product-name;, causing VM boot crashes:
    15371528      </para>
    15381529
     
    15431534            The Linux kernel version 2.6.18, and some 2.6.17 versions,
    15441535            introduced a race condition that can cause boot crashes in
    1545             VirtualBox. Please use a kernel version 2.6.19 or later.
     1536            &product-name;. Please use a kernel version 2.6.19 or later.
    15461537          </para>
    15471538        </listitem>
     
    15631554            linkend="settings-system" />, or upgrade
    15641555            the guest to a newer kernel.
    1565 
    1566             <footnote>
    1567 
    1568               <para>
    1569                 See
    1570                 <ulink
     1556          </para>
     1557
     1558          <para>
     1559            See
     1560            <ulink
    15711561                url="http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg30813.html">http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg30813.html</ulink>
    1572                 for details about the kernel fix.
    1573               </para>
    1574 
    1575             </footnote>
     1562            for details about the kernel fix.
    15761563          </para>
    15771564        </listitem>
     
    15871574      <para>
    15881575        Guest desktop services in guests running the X11 window system
    1589         such as Solaris and Linux, are provided by a guest service
    1590         called <computeroutput>VBoxClient</computeroutput>, which runs
    1591         under the ID of the user who started the desktop session and is
    1592         automatically started using the following command lines when
    1593         your X11 user session is started if you are using a common
    1594         desktop environment (Gnome, KDE and others).
     1576        such as Oracle Solaris and Linux, are provided by a guest
     1577        service called <computeroutput>VBoxClient</computeroutput>,
     1578        which runs under the ID of the user who started the desktop
     1579        session and is automatically started using the following command
     1580        lines when your X11 user session is started if you are using a
     1581        common desktop environment such as Gnome or KDE.
    15951582      </para>
    15961583
     
    16231610  <sect1 id="ts_sol-guests">
    16241611
    1625     <title>Solaris Guests</title>
     1612    <title>Oracle Solaris Guests</title>
    16261613
    16271614    <sect2 id="ts_solaris-10-guest-crash">
    16281615
    1629       <title>Older Solaris 10 Releases Crash in 64-bit Mode</title>
    1630 
    1631       <para>
    1632         Solaris 10 releases up to and including Solaris 10 8/07
    1633         ("S10U4") incorrectly detect newer Intel processors produced
    1634         since 2007. This problem leads to the 64-bit Solaris kernel
     1616      <title>Older Oracle Solaris 10 Releases Crash in 64-bit Mode</title>
     1617
     1618      <para>
     1619        Oracle Solaris 10 releases up to and including Oracle Solaris 10
     1620        8/07 incorrectly detect newer Intel processors produced since
     1621        2007. This problem leads to the 64-bit Oracle Solaris kernel
    16351622        crashing, and usually causing a triple fault, almost immediately
    16361623        during startup, in both virtualized and physical environments.
     
    16381625
    16391626      <para>
    1640         The recommended solution is upgrading to at least Solaris 10
    1641         5/08 ("S10U5"). Alternative solutions include forcing Solaris to
     1627        The recommended solution is upgrading to at least Oracle Solaris
     1628        10 5/08. Alternative solutions include forcing Oracle Solaris to
    16421629        always boot the 32-bit kernel or applying a patch for bug
    1643         6574102 while Solaris is using the 32-bit kernel.
     1630        6574102 while Oracle Solaris is using the 32-bit kernel.
    16441631      </para>
    16451632
     
    16481635    <sect2 id="ts_solaris-10-guest-slow-boot-smp">
    16491636
    1650       <title>Certain Solaris 10 Releases May Take a Long Time to Boot with SMP</title>
    1651 
    1652       <para>
    1653         When using more than one CPU, Solaris 10 releases 5/08
    1654         ("S10U5"), 10/08 ("S10U6"), and 5/09 ("S10U7") may take a long
     1637      <title>Certain Oracle Solaris 10 Releases May Take a Long Time to Boot with SMP</title>
     1638
     1639      <para>
     1640        When using more than one CPU, Oracle Solaris 10 5/08, Oracle
     1641        Solaris 10 10/08, and Oracle Solaris 10 5/09 may take a long
    16551642        time to boot and may print warnings on the system console
    1656         regarding failures to read from disk. This is a bug in Solaris
    1657         10 which affects specific physical and virtual configurations.
    1658         It is caused by trying to read microcode updates from the boot
    1659         disk when the disk interrupt is reassigned to a not yet fully
    1660         initialized secondary CPU. Disk reads will time out and fail,
    1661         triggering delays of about 45 seconds and warnings.
    1662       </para>
    1663 
    1664       <para>
    1665         The recommended solution is upgrading to at least Solaris 10
    1666         10/09 ("S10U8") which includes a fix for this problem.
    1667         Alternative solutions include restricting the number of virtual
    1668         CPUs to one or possibly using a different storage controller.
     1643        regarding failures to read from disk. This is a bug in Oracle
     1644        Solaris 10 which affects specific physical and virtual
     1645        configurations. It is caused by trying to read microcode updates
     1646        from the boot disk when the disk interrupt is reassigned to a
     1647        not yet fully initialized secondary CPU. Disk reads will time
     1648        out and fail, triggering delays of about 45 seconds and
     1649        warnings.
     1650      </para>
     1651
     1652      <para>
     1653        The recommended solution is upgrading to at least Oracle Solaris
     1654        10 10/09 which includes a fix for this problem. Alternative
     1655        solutions include restricting the number of virtual CPUs to one
     1656        or possibly using a different storage controller.
    16691657      </para>
    16701658
     
    17291717
    17301718      <para>
    1731         VirtualBox makes use of the Microsoft Component Object Model
    1732         (COM) for inter-process and intra-process communication. This
    1733         allows VirtualBox to share a common configuration among
     1719        &product-name; makes use of the Microsoft Component Object Model
     1720        (COM) for interprocess and intraprocess communication. This
     1721        enables &product-name; to share a common configuration among
    17341722        different virtual machine processes and provide several user
    17351723        interface options based on a common architecture. All global
    17361724        status information and configuration is maintained by the
    17371725        process <computeroutput>VBoxSVC.exe</computeroutput>, which is
    1738         an out-of-process COM server. Whenever a VirtualBox process is
    1739         started, it requests access to the COM server and Windows
     1726        an out-of-process COM server. Whenever an &product-name; process
     1727        is started, it requests access to the COM server and Windows
    17401728        automatically starts the process. Note that it should never be
    17411729        started by the end user.
     
    17441732      <para>
    17451733        When the last process disconnects from the COM server, it will
    1746         terminate itself after some seconds. The VirtualBox
     1734        terminate itself after some seconds. The &product-name;
    17471735        configuration (XML files) is maintained and owned by the COM
    17481736        server and the files are locked whenever the server runs.
     
    17721760        turned off. This is represented by the following key in the
    17731761        Windows registry:
    1774 
    1775 <screen><literal>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Cdrom\Autorun</literal></screen>
    1776 
     1762      </para>
     1763
     1764<screen>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Cdrom\Autorun</screen>
     1765
     1766      <para>
    17771767        Certain applications may disable this key against Microsoft's
    17781768        advice. If it is set to 0, change it to 1 and reboot your
    1779         system. VirtualBox relies on Windows notifying it of media
     1769        system. &product-name; relies on Windows notifying it of media
    17801770        changes.
    17811771      </para>
     
    17881778
    17891779      <para>
    1790         If connecting to a Virtual Machine via the Microsoft RDP client,
    1791         called a Remote Desktop Connection, there can be large delays
    1792         between input such as moving the mouse over a menu and output.
    1793         This is because this RDP client collects input for a certain
    1794         time before sending it to the RDP server.
     1780        If connecting to a Virtual Machine using the Microsoft RDP
     1781        client, called a Remote Desktop Connection, there can be large
     1782        delays between input such as moving the mouse over a menu and
     1783        output. This is because this RDP client collects input for a
     1784        certain time before sending it to the RDP server.
    17951785      </para>
    17961786
     
    18391829        1 will enable a workaround for this problem until Microsoft
    18401830        addresses the issue. For example, open a command prompt window
    1841         and start VirtualBox like this:
     1831        and start &product-name; like this:
    18421832      </para>
    18431833
     
    18581848
    18591849      <para>
    1860         If no bridged adapters show up in the Networking section of the
    1861         VM settings, this typically means that the bridged networking
     1850        If no bridged adapters show up in the
     1851        <emphasis role="bold">Networking</emphasis> section of the VM
     1852        settings, this typically means that the bridged networking
    18621853        driver was not installed properly on your host. This could be
    18631854        due to the following reasons:
     
    18711862            this case, the MSI log would mention the
    18721863            <computeroutput>0x8004a029</computeroutput> error code
    1873             returned on NetFlt network component install:
     1864            returned on NetFlt network component install, as follows:
     1865          </para>
    18741866
    18751867<screen>VBoxNetCfgWinInstallComponent: Install failed, hr (0x8004a029)</screen>
    1876           </para>
    18771868
    18781869          <para>
    18791870            You can try to increase the maximum filter count in the
    1880             Windows registry at the following key:
     1871            Windows registry using the following key:
     1872          </para>
    18811873
    18821874<screen>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Network\MaxNumFilters</screen>
    18831875
     1876          <para>
    18841877            The maximum number allowed is 14. After a reboot, try to
    1885             reinstall VirtualBox.
     1878            reinstall &product-name;.
    18861879          </para>
    18871880        </listitem>
     
    18971890            <computeroutput>sun_VBoxNetFlt</computeroutput> or
    18981891            <computeroutput>sun_VBoxNetFltmp</computeroutput>
    1899             components. The solution then is to uninstall VirtualBox,
    1900             remove the INF cache
     1892            components. The solution then is to uninstall
     1893            &product-name;, remove the INF cache
    19011894            (<computeroutput>%windir%\inf\INFCACHE.1</computeroutput>),
    1902             reboot and try to reinstall VirtualBox
     1895            reboot and try to reinstall &product-name;.
    19031896          </para>
    19041897        </listitem>
     
    19101903    <sect2 id="ts_win-host-host-only-network-adapters">
    19111904
    1912       <title>Host-only Networking Adapters Cannot be Created</title>
    1913 
    1914       <para>
    1915         If host-only adapter cannot be created, either via the Manager
    1916         or VBoxManage, then the INF cache is probably corrupt. In this
    1917         case, the install log
     1905      <title>Host-Only Networking Adapters Cannot be Created</title>
     1906
     1907      <para>
     1908        If a host-only adapter cannot be created, either with the
     1909        VirtualBox Manager or the <command>VBoxManage</command>
     1910        command, then the INF cache is probably corrupt. In this case,
     1911        the install log
    19181912        (<computeroutput>%windir%\inf\setupapi.log</computeroutput> on
    1919         XP or
     1913        Windows XP or
    19201914        <computeroutput>%windir%\inf\setupapi.dev.log</computeroutput>
    1921         on Vista or later) would typically mention the failure to find a
    1922         suitable driver package for the
     1915        on Windows Vista or later) would typically mention the failure
     1916        to find a suitable driver package for the
    19231917        <computeroutput>sun_VBoxNetAdp</computeroutput> component.
    19241918        Again, as with the bridged networking problem described above,
    1925         the solution is to uninstall VirtualBox, remove the INF cache
     1919        the solution is to uninstall &product-name;, remove the INF
     1920        cache
    19261921        (<computeroutput>%windir%\inf\INFCACHE.1</computeroutput>),
    1927         reboot and try to reinstall VirtualBox.
     1922        reboot and try to reinstall &product-name;.
    19281923      </para>
    19291924
     
    19411936
    19421937      <para>
    1943         If the VirtualBox kernel module,
     1938        If the &product-name; kernel module,
    19441939        <computeroutput>vboxdrv</computeroutput>, refuses to load you
    19451940        may see an "Error inserting vboxdrv: Invalid argument" message.
    1946         As root, check the output of the
    1947         <computeroutput>dmesg</computeroutput> command to find out why
    1948         the load failed. Most probably the kernel disagrees with the
    1949         version of <computeroutput>gcc</computeroutput> used to compile
    1950         the module. Make sure that you use the same compiler as used to
    1951         build the kernel.
     1941        As root, check the output of the <command>dmesg</command>
     1942        command to find out why the load failed. Most probably the
     1943        kernel disagrees with the version of <command>gcc</command> used
     1944        to compile the module. Make sure that you use the same compiler
     1945        as used to build the kernel.
    19521946      </para>
    19531947
     
    19791973      <para>
    19801974        On older Linux distributions, if your CD/DVD device has a
    1981         different name, VirtualBox may be unable to find it. On older
    1982         Linux hosts, VirtualBox performs the following steps to locate
    1983         your CD/DVD drives:
     1975        different name, &product-name; may be unable to find it. On
     1976        older Linux hosts, &product-name; performs the following steps
     1977        to locate your CD/DVD drives:
    19841978      </para>
    19851979
     
    19881982        <listitem>
    19891983          <para>
    1990             VirtualBox checks if the environment variable
     1984            &product-name; checks if the environment variable
    19911985            <computeroutput>VBOX_CDROM</computeroutput> is defined. If
    1992             so, VirtualBox omits all the following checks.
    1993           </para>
    1994         </listitem>
    1995 
    1996         <listitem>
    1997           <para>
    1998             VirtualBox tests if
     1986            so, &product-name; omits all the following checks.
     1987          </para>
     1988        </listitem>
     1989
     1990        <listitem>
     1991          <para>
     1992            &product-name; tests if
    19991993            <computeroutput>/dev/cdrom</computeroutput> works.
    20001994          </para>
     
    20031997        <listitem>
    20041998          <para>
    2005             VirtualBox checks if any CD/DVD drives are currently mounted
    2006             by checking <computeroutput>/etc/mtab</computeroutput>.
    2007           </para>
    2008         </listitem>
    2009 
    2010         <listitem>
    2011           <para>
    2012             VirtualBox checks if any of the entries in
     1999            &product-name; checks if any CD/DVD drives are currently
     2000            mounted by checking
     2001            <computeroutput>/etc/mtab</computeroutput>.
     2002          </para>
     2003        </listitem>
     2004
     2005        <listitem>
     2006          <para>
     2007            &product-name; checks if any of the entries in
    20132008            <computeroutput>/etc/fstab</computeroutput> point to CD/DVD
    20142009            devices.
     
    20262021
    20272022      <para>
    2028         On modern Linux distributions, VirtualBox uses the hardware
     2023        On modern Linux distributions, &product-name; uses the hardware
    20292024        abstraction layer (HAL) to locate CD and DVD hardware.
    20302025      </para>
     
    20392034        <xref linkend="ts_linux-host-cd-dvd-not-found-legacy"/> appplies
    20402035        also to floppy disks, except that on older distributions
    2041         VirtualBox tests for <computeroutput>/dev/fd*</computeroutput>
    2042         devices by default. This can be overridden with the
     2036        &product-name; tests for
     2037        <computeroutput>/dev/fd*</computeroutput> devices by default.
     2038        This can be overridden with the
    20432039        <computeroutput>VBOX_FLOPPY</computeroutput> environment
    20442040        variable.
     
    20532049      <para>
    20542050        If the experimental CD/DVD writer support is enabled with an
    2055         incorrect VirtualBox, host or guest configuration, it is
     2051        incorrect &product-name;, host or guest configuration, it is
    20562052        possible that any attempt to access the CD/DVD writer fails and
    20572053        simply results in guest kernel error messages for Linux guests
    2058         or application error messages for Windows guests. VirtualBox
     2054        or application error messages for Windows guests. &product-name;
    20592055        performs the usual consistency checks when a VM is powered up.
    20602056        In particular, it aborts with an error message if the device for
    20612057        the CD/DVD writer is not writable by the user starting the VM.
    2062         But VirtualBox cannot detect all misconfigurations. The
     2058        But &product-name; cannot detect all misconfigurations. The
    20632059        necessary host and guest OS configuration is not specific for
    2064         VirtualBox, but a few frequent problems are listed here which
    2065         occurred in connection with VirtualBox.
     2060        &product-name;, but a few frequent problems are listed here
     2061        which occurred in connection with &product-name;.
    20662062      </para>
    20672063
     
    20692065        Special care must be taken to use the correct device. The
    20702066        configured host CD/DVD device file name, in most cases
    2071         <literal>/dev/cdrom</literal>, must point to the device that
    2072         allows writing to the CD/DVD unit. For CD/DVD writer units
    2073         connected to a SCSI controller or to a IDE controller that
    2074         interfaces to the Linux SCSI subsystem (common for some SATA
    2075         controllers), this must refer to the SCSI device node, such as
    2076         <literal>/dev/scd0</literal>. Even for IDE CD/DVD writer units
    2077         this must refer to the appropriate SCSI CD-ROM device node, such
    2078         as <literal>/dev/scd0</literal>, if the
    2079         <literal>ide-scsi</literal> kernel module is loaded. This module
    2080         is required for CD/DVD writer support with all Linux 2.4 kernels
    2081         and some early 2.6 kernels. Many Linux distributions load this
    2082         module whenever a CD/DVD writer is detected in the system, even
    2083         if the kernel would support CD/DVD writers without the module.
    2084         VirtualBox supports the use of IDE device files, such as
    2085         <literal>/dev/hdc</literal>, provided the kernel supports this
    2086         and the <literal>ide-scsi</literal> module is not loaded.
     2067        <computeroutput>/dev/cdrom</computeroutput>, must point to the
     2068        device that allows writing to the CD/DVD unit. For CD/DVD writer
     2069        units connected to a SCSI controller or to a IDE controller that
     2070        interfaces to the Linux SCSI subsystem, common for some SATA
     2071        controllers, this must refer to the SCSI device node, such as
     2072        <computeroutput>/dev/scd0</computeroutput>. Even for IDE CD/DVD
     2073        writer units this must refer to the appropriate SCSI CD-ROM
     2074        device node, such as <computeroutput>/dev/scd0</computeroutput>,
     2075        if the <computeroutput>ide-scsi</computeroutput> kernel module
     2076        is loaded. This module is required for CD/DVD writer support
     2077        with all Linux 2.4 kernels and some early 2.6 kernels. Many
     2078        Linux distributions load this module whenever a CD/DVD writer is
     2079        detected in the system, even if the kernel would support CD/DVD
     2080        writers without the module. &product-name; supports the use of
     2081        IDE device files, such as
     2082        <computeroutput>/dev/hdc</computeroutput>, provided the kernel
     2083        supports this and the <computeroutput>ide-scsi</computeroutput>
     2084        module is not loaded.
    20872085      </para>
    20882086
     
    21012099
    21022100      <para>
    2103         On Linux, VirtualBox makes use of a custom version of Mozilla
    2104         XPCOM (cross platform component object model) for inter-process
    2105         and intra-process communication (IPC). The process
     2101        On Linux, &product-name; makes use of a custom version of
     2102        Mozilla XPCOM (cross platform component object model) for
     2103        interprocess and intraprocess communication (IPC). The process
    21062104        <computeroutput>VBoxSVC</computeroutput> serves as a
    2107         communication hub between different VirtualBox processes and
     2105        communication hub between different &product-name; processes and
    21082106        maintains the global configuration, such as the XML database.
    2109         When starting a VirtualBox component, the processes
     2107        When starting an &product-name; component, the processes
    21102108        <computeroutput>VBoxSVC</computeroutput> and
    21112109        <computeroutput>VBoxXPCOMIPCD</computeroutput> are started
    21122110        automatically. They are only accessible from the user account
    21132111        they are running under. <computeroutput>VBoxSVC</computeroutput>
    2114         owns the VirtualBox configuration database which normally
     2112        owns the &product-name; configuration database which normally
    21152113        resides in
    21162114        <computeroutput>~/.config/VirtualBox</computeroutput>, or the
    21172115        appropriate configuration directory for your operating system.
    21182116        While it is running, the configuration files are locked.
    2119         Communication between the various VirtualBox components and
     2117        Communication between the various &product-name; components and
    21202118        <computeroutput>VBoxSVC</computeroutput> is performed through a
    21212119        local domain socket residing in
    21222120        <computeroutput>/tmp/.vbox-&lt;username&gt;-ipc</computeroutput>.
    2123         In case there are communication problems, such as a VirtualBox
    2124         application cannot communicate with
     2121        In case there are communication problems, such as an
     2122        &product-name; application cannot communicate with
    21252123        <computeroutput>VBoxSVC</computeroutput>, terminate the daemons
    21262124        and remove the local domain socket directory.
     
    21392137        mind that group membership does not take effect immediately but
    21402138        rather at the next login. If available, the
    2141         <computeroutput>newgrp</computeroutput> command may avoid the
    2142         need for logout/login.
     2139        <command>newgrp</command> command may avoid the need for a
     2140        logout and login.
    21432141      </para>
    21442142
     
    21872185  <sect1 id="ts_sol-hosts">
    21882186
    2189     <title>Solaris Hosts</title>
     2187    <title>Oracle Solaris Hosts</title>
    21902188
    21912189    <sect2 id="ts_sol-host-zfs">
     
    21972195        cache if the default system settings are not changed. This may
    21982196        lead to a heavy fragmentation of the host memory preventing
    2199         VirtualBox VMs from being started. We recommend to limit the ZFS
    2200         cache by adding the following line to /etc/system, where
     2197        &product-name; VMs from being started. We recommend to limit the
     2198        ZFS cache by adding the following line to /etc/system, where
    22012199        <computeroutput>xxxx</computeroutput> bytes is the amount of
    22022200        memory usable for the ZFS cache.
     
    22092207    <sect2 id="ts_sol-host-swap-space">
    22102208
    2211       <title>VM Aborts With Out of Memory Errors on Solaris 10 Hosts</title>
    2212 
    2213       <para>
    2214         32-bit Solaris 10 hosts (bug 1225025) require swap space equal
    2215         to, or greater than the host's physical memory size. For
     2209      <title>VM Aborts With Out of Memory Errors on Oracle Solaris 10 Hosts</title>
     2210
     2211      <para>
     2212        32-bit Oracle Solaris 10 hosts (bug 1225025) require swap space
     2213        equal to, or greater than the host's physical memory size. For
    22162214        example, 8 GB physical memory would require at least 8 GB swap.
    2217         This can be configured during a Solaris 10 install by choosing a
    2218         Custom Install and changing the default partitions.
     2215        This can be configured during an Oracle Solaris 10 install by
     2216        choosing a Custom Install and changing the default partitions.
    22192217      </para>
    22202218
    22212219      <note>
    22222220        <para>
    2223           This restriction applies only to 32-bit Solaris hosts, 64-bit
    2224           hosts are not affected.
     2221          This restriction applies only to 32-bit Oracle Solaris hosts,
     2222          64-bit hosts are not affected.
    22252223        </para>
    22262224      </note>
    22272225
    22282226      <para>
    2229         For existing Solaris 10 installs, an additional swap image needs
    2230         to be mounted and used as swap. Hence if you have 1 GB swap and
    2231         8 GB of physical memory, you require to add 7 GB more swap. This
    2232         can be done as follows:
     2227        For existing Oracle Solaris 10 installs, an additional swap
     2228        image needs to be mounted and used as swap. Hence if you have 1
     2229        GB swap and 8 GB of physical memory, you require to add 7 GB
     2230        more swap. This can be done as follows:
    22332231      </para>
    22342232
  • trunk/doc/manual/en_US/user_VBoxManage.xml

    r75365 r76078  
    3131
    3232    <para>
    33       As briefly mentioned in <xref linkend="frontends" />, VBoxManage
    34       is the command-line interface to VirtualBox. With it, you can
    35       completely control VirtualBox from the command line of your host
    36       operating system. VBoxManage supports all the features that the
     33      As briefly mentioned in <xref linkend="frontends" />,
     34      <command>VBoxManage</command> is the command-line interface to
     35      &product-name;. With it, you can completely control &product-name;
     36      from the command line of your host operating system.
     37      <command>VBoxManage</command> supports all the features that the
    3738      graphical user interface gives you access to, but it supports a
    38       lot more than that. It exposes really all the features of the
    39       virtualization engine, even those that cannot (yet) be accessed
    40       from the GUI.
     39      lot more than that. It exposes all the features of the
     40      virtualization engine, even those that cannot be accessed from the
     41      GUI.
    4142    </para>
    4243
     
    5051      <listitem>
    5152        <para>
    52           Use a different user interface than the main GUI. For example,
    53           VBoxSDL or the VBoxHeadless server.
     53          Use a different user interface than the main GUI such as the
     54          VBoxHeadless server.
    5455        </para>
    5556      </listitem>
     
    6667    <para>
    6768      There are two main things to keep in mind when using
    68       <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput>: First,
    69       <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput> must always be used
    70       with a specific "subcommand", such as "list" or "createvm" or
    71       "startvm". All the subcommands that
    72       <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput> supports are described
    73       in detail in <xref linkend="vboxmanage" />.
     69      <command>VBoxManage</command>. First,
     70      <command>VBoxManage</command> must always be used with a specific
     71      subcommand, such as <command>list</command> or
     72      <command>createvm</command> or <command>startvm</command>. All the
     73      subcommands that <command>VBoxManage</command> supports are
     74      described in detail in <xref linkend="vboxmanage" />.
    7475    </para>
    7576
     
    8485      <listitem>
    8586        <para>
    86           You can specify the VM name, as it is shown in the VirtualBox
    87           GUI. Note that if that name contains spaces, then you must
    88           enclose the entire name in double quotes (as it is always
    89           required with command line arguments that contain spaces).
    90         </para>
    91 
    92         <para>
    93           For example:
     87          You can specify the VM name, as it is shown in the
     88          &product-name; GUI. Note that if that name contains spaces,
     89          then you must enclose the entire name in double quotes. This
     90          is always required with command line arguments that contain
     91          spaces. For example:
     92        </para>
    9493
    9594<screen>VBoxManage startvm "Windows XP"</screen>
    96         </para>
    9795      </listitem>
    9896
     
    10098        <para>
    10199          You can specify the UUID, which is the internal unique
    102           identifier that VirtualBox uses to refer to the virtual
    103           machine. Assuming that the aforementioned VM called "Windows
    104           XP" has the UUID shown below, the following command has the
    105           same effect as the previous:
     100          identifier that &product-name; uses to refer to the virtual
     101          machine. Assuming that the VM called "Windows XP" has the UUID
     102          shown below, the following command has the same effect as the
     103          previous example:
     104        </para>
    106105
    107106<screen>VBoxManage startvm 670e746d-abea-4ba6-ad02-2a3b043810a5</screen>
    108         </para>
    109107      </listitem>
    110108
     
    112110
    113111    <para>
    114       You can type <computeroutput>VBoxManage list vms</computeroutput>
    115       to have all currently registered VMs listed with all their
    116       settings, including their respective names and UUIDs.
    117     </para>
    118 
    119     <para>
    120       Some typical examples of how to control VirtualBox from the
     112      You can enter <command>VBoxManage list vms</command> to have all
     113      currently registered VMs listed with all their settings, including
     114      their respective names and UUIDs.
     115    </para>
     116
     117    <para>
     118      Some typical examples of how to control &product-name; from the
    121119      command line are listed below:
    122120    </para>
     
    127125        <para>
    128126          To create a new virtual machine from the command line and
    129           immediately register it with VirtualBox, use
    130           <computeroutput>VBoxManage createvm</computeroutput> with the
    131           <computeroutput>--register</computeroutput> option,
    132 
    133           <footnote>
    134 
    135             <para>
    136               For details, see
    137               <xref
    138             linkend="vboxmanage-createvm" />.
    139             </para>
    140 
    141           </footnote>
    142 
    143           like this:
     127          immediately register it with &product-name;, use
     128          <command>VBoxManage createvm</command> with the
     129          <option>--register</option> option, as follows:
    144130        </para>
    145131
     
    157143          has been created with a new UUID and a new XML settings file.
    158144        </para>
     145
     146        <para>
     147          For more details, see
     148          <xref
     149            linkend="vboxmanage-createvm" />.
     150        </para>
    159151      </listitem>
    160152
     
    162154        <para>
    163155          To show the configuration of a particular VM, use
    164           <computeroutput>VBoxManage showvminfo</computeroutput>. See
     156          <command>VBoxManage showvminfo</command>. See
    165157          <xref
    166158        linkend="vboxmanage-showvminfo" /> for details
     
    172164        <para>
    173165          To change settings while a VM is powered off, use
    174           <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm</computeroutput>. For
    175           example:
     166          <command>VBoxManage modifyvm</command>. For example:
     167        </para>
    176168
    177169<screen>VBoxManage modifyvm "Windows XP" --memory 512</screen>
    178         </para>
    179 
    180         <para>
    181           For details, see <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" />.
    182         </para>
    183       </listitem>
    184 
    185       <listitem>
    186         <para>
    187           To change the storage configuration (e.g. to add a storage
    188           controller and then a virtual disk), use
    189           <computeroutput>VBoxManage storagectl</computeroutput> and
    190           <computeroutput>VBoxManage storageattach</computeroutput>. See
     170
     171        <para>
     172          See also <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm" />.
     173        </para>
     174      </listitem>
     175
     176      <listitem>
     177        <para>
     178          To change the storage configuration, such as to add a storage
     179          controller and then a virtual disk, use <command>VBoxManage
     180          storagectl</command> and <command>VBoxManage
     181          storageattach</command>. See
    191182          <xref
    192183        linkend="vboxmanage-storagectl" /> and
     
    206197            <para>
    207198              To start a VM that is currently powered off, use
    208               <computeroutput>VBoxManage startvm</computeroutput>. See
     199              <command>VBoxManage startvm</command>. See
    209200              <xref
    210201              linkend="vboxmanage-startvm" />.
     
    215206            <para>
    216207              To pause or save a VM that is currently running or change
    217               some of its settings, use <computeroutput>VBoxManage
    218               controlvm</computeroutput>. See
     208              some of its settings, use <command>VBoxManage
     209              controlvm</command>. See
    219210              <xref
    220211              linkend="vboxmanage-controlvm" />.
     
    234225
    235226    <para>
    236       When running VBoxManage without parameters or when supplying an
    237       invalid command line, the below syntax diagram will be shown. Note
    238       that the output will be slightly different depending on the host
    239       platform; when in doubt, check the output of
    240       <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput> for the commands
    241       available on your particular host.
     227      When running <command>VBoxManage</command> without parameters or
     228      when supplying an invalid command line, the following command
     229      syntax list is shown. Note that the output will be slightly
     230      different depending on the host platform. If in doubt, check the
     231      output of <command>VBoxManage</command> for the commands available
     232      on your particular host.
    242233    </para>
    243234
     
    246237
    247238    <para>
    248       Each time VBoxManage is invoked, only one command can be executed.
    249       However, a command might support several subcommands which then
    250       can be invoked in one single call. The following sections provide
    251       detailed reference information on the different commands.
     239      Each time <command>VBoxManage</command> is invoked, only one
     240      command can be executed. However, a command might support several
     241      subcommands which then can be invoked in one single call. The
     242      following sections provide detailed reference information on the
     243      different commands.
    252244    </para>
    253245
     
    262254      <listitem>
    263255        <para>
    264           <computeroutput>-v|--version</computeroutput>: show the
     256          <computeroutput>-v|--version</computeroutput>: Show the
    265257          version of this tool and exit.
    266258        </para>
     
    269261      <listitem>
    270262        <para>
    271           <computeroutput>--nologo</computeroutput>: suppress the output
    272           of the logo information (useful for scripts)
    273         </para>
    274       </listitem>
    275 
    276       <listitem>
    277         <para>
    278           <computeroutput>--settingspw</computeroutput>: specifiy a
    279           settings password
    280         </para>
    281       </listitem>
    282 
    283       <listitem>
    284         <para>
    285           <computeroutput>--settingspwfile</computeroutput>: specify a
     263          <computeroutput>--nologo</computeroutput>: Suppress the output
     264          of the logo information. This option is useful for scripts.
     265        </para>
     266      </listitem>
     267
     268      <listitem>
     269        <para>
     270          <computeroutput>--settingspw</computeroutput>: Specifiy a
     271          settings password.
     272        </para>
     273      </listitem>
     274
     275      <listitem>
     276        <para>
     277          <computeroutput>--settingspwfile</computeroutput>: Specify a
    286278          file containing the settings password.
    287279        </para>
     
    292284    <para>
    293285      The settings password is used for certain settings which need to
    294       be stored encrypted for security reasons. At the moment, the only
    295       encrypted setting is the iSCSI initiator secret (see
    296       <xref linkend="vboxmanage-storageattach" /> for details). As long
    297       as no settings password is specified, this information is stored
    298       in <emphasis role="bold">plain text</emphasis>. After using the
     286      be stored in encrypted form for security reasons. At the moment,
     287      the only encrypted setting is the iSCSI initiator secret, see
     288      <xref linkend="vboxmanage-storageattach" />. As long as no
     289      settings password is specified, this information is stored in
     290      <emphasis>plain text</emphasis>. After using the
    299291      <computeroutput>--settingspw|--settingspwfile</computeroutput>
    300       option once, it must be always used, otherwise the encrypted
     292      option once, it must be always used. Otherwise, the encrypted
    301293      setting cannot be unencrypted.
    302294    </para>
     
    309301
    310302    <para>
    311       The <computeroutput>list</computeroutput> command gives relevant
    312       information about your system and information about VirtualBox's
    313       current settings.
    314     </para>
    315 
    316     <para>
    317       The following subcommands are available with
    318       <computeroutput>VBoxManage list</computeroutput>:
     303      The <command>list</command> command gives relevant information
     304      about your system and information about &product-name;'s current
     305      settings.
     306    </para>
     307
     308    <para>
     309      The following subcommands are available with <command>VBoxManage
     310      list</command>:
    319311    </para>
    320312
     
    323315      <listitem>
    324316        <para>
    325           <computeroutput>vms</computeroutput> lists all virtual
    326           machines currently registered with VirtualBox. By default this
    327           displays a compact list with each VM's name and UUID; if you
    328           also specify <computeroutput>--long</computeroutput> or
     317          <command>vms</command>: Lists all virtual machines currently
     318          registered with &product-name;. By default this displays a
     319          compact list with each VM's name and UUID. If you also specify
     320          <computeroutput>--long</computeroutput> or
    329321          <computeroutput>-l</computeroutput>, this will be a detailed
    330           list as with the <computeroutput>showvminfo</computeroutput>
    331           command (see below).
    332         </para>
    333       </listitem>
    334 
    335       <listitem>
    336         <para>
    337           <computeroutput>runningvms</computeroutput> lists all
    338           currently running virtual machines by their unique identifiers
    339           (UUIDs) in the same format as with
    340           <computeroutput>vms</computeroutput>.
    341         </para>
    342       </listitem>
    343 
    344       <listitem>
    345         <para>
    346           <computeroutput>ostypes</computeroutput> lists all guest
    347           operating systems presently known to VirtualBox, along with
    348           the identifiers used to refer to them with the
    349           <computeroutput>modifyvm</computeroutput> command.
    350         </para>
    351       </listitem>
    352 
    353       <listitem>
    354         <para>
    355           <computeroutput>hostdvds</computeroutput>,
    356           <computeroutput>hostfloppies</computeroutput>, respectively,
    357           list DVD, floppy, bridged networking and host-only networking
    358           interfaces on the host, along with the name used to access
    359           them from within VirtualBox.
    360         </para>
    361       </listitem>
    362 
    363       <listitem>
    364         <para>
    365           <computeroutput>intnets</computeroutput> displays information
    366           about the internal networks.
    367         </para>
    368       </listitem>
    369 
    370       <listitem>
    371         <para>
    372           <computeroutput>bridgedifs</computeroutput>,
    373           <computeroutput>hostonlyifs</computeroutput>,
    374           <computeroutput>natnets</computeroutput> and
    375           <computeroutput>dhcpservers</computeroutput>, respectively,
    376           list bridged network interfaces, host-only network interfaces,
    377           NAT network interfaces and DHCP servers currently available on
    378           the host. Please see
    379           <xref
    380           linkend="networkingdetails" /> for details on
    381           these.
    382         </para>
    383       </listitem>
    384 
    385       <listitem>
    386         <para>
    387           <computeroutput>hostinfo</computeroutput> displays information
    388           about the host system, such as CPUs, memory size and operating
    389           system version.
    390         </para>
    391       </listitem>
    392 
    393       <listitem>
    394         <para>
    395           <computeroutput>hostcpuids</computeroutput> dumps the CPUID
    396           parameters for the host CPUs. This can be used for a more fine
    397           grained analyis of the host's virtualization capabilities.
    398         </para>
    399       </listitem>
    400 
    401       <listitem>
    402         <para>
    403           <computeroutput>hddbackends</computeroutput> lists all known
    404           virtual disk back-ends of VirtualBox. For each such format
    405           (such as VDI, VMDK or RAW), this lists the back-end's
     322          list as with the <command>showvminfo</command> command, see
     323          <xref linkend="vboxmanage-showvminfo"/>.
     324        </para>
     325      </listitem>
     326
     327      <listitem>
     328        <para>
     329          <command>runningvms</command>: Lists all currently running
     330          virtual machines by their unique identifiers (UUIDs) in the
     331          same format as with <command>vms</command>.
     332        </para>
     333      </listitem>
     334
     335      <listitem>
     336        <para>
     337          <command>ostypes</command>: Lists all guest operating systems
     338          presently known to &product-name;, along with the identifiers
     339          used to refer to them with the <command>modifyvm</command>
     340          command.
     341        </para>
     342      </listitem>
     343
     344      <listitem>
     345        <para>
     346          <command>hostdvds</command>, <command>hostfloppies</command>:
     347          Lists the DVD, floppy, bridged networking, and host-only
     348          networking interfaces on the host, along with the name used to
     349          access them from within &product-name;.
     350        </para>
     351      </listitem>
     352
     353      <listitem>
     354        <para>
     355          <command>intnets</command>: Displays information about the
     356          internal networks.
     357        </para>
     358      </listitem>
     359
     360      <listitem>
     361        <para>
     362          <command>bridgedifs</command>, <command>hostonlyifs</command>,
     363          <command>natnets</command>, <command>dhcpservers</command>:
     364          Lists the bridged network interfaces, host-only network
     365          interfaces, NAT network interfaces, and DHCP servers currently
     366          available on the host. See
     367          <xref linkend="networkingdetails" />.
     368        </para>
     369      </listitem>
     370
     371      <listitem>
     372        <para>
     373          <command>hostinfo</command>: Displays information about the
     374          host system, such as CPUs, memory size, and operating system
     375          version.
     376        </para>
     377      </listitem>
     378
     379      <listitem>
     380        <para>
     381          <command>hostcpuids</command>: Lists the CPUID parameters for
     382          the host CPUs. This can be used for a more fine grained
     383          analyis of the host's virtualization capabilities.
     384        </para>
     385      </listitem>
     386
     387      <listitem>
     388        <para>
     389          <command>hddbackends</command>: Lists all known virtual disk
     390          back-ends of &product-name;. For each such format, such as
     391          VDI, VMDK, or RAW, this subcommand lists the back-end's
    406392          capabilities and configuration.
    407393        </para>
     
    410396      <listitem>
    411397        <para>
    412           <computeroutput>hdds</computeroutput>,
    413           <computeroutput>dvds</computeroutput> and
    414           <computeroutput>floppies</computeroutput> all give you
    415           information about virtual disk images currently in use by
    416           VirtualBox, including all their settings, the unique
    417           identifiers (UUIDs) associated with them by VirtualBox and all
    418           files associated with them. This is the command-line
    419           equivalent of the Virtual Media Manager. See
    420           <xref
    421           linkend="vdis" />.
    422         </para>
    423       </listitem>
    424 
    425       <listitem>
    426         <para>
    427           <computeroutput>usbhost</computeroutput> supplies information
    428           about USB devices attached to the host, notably information
    429           useful for constructing USB filters and whether they are
    430           currently in use by the host.
    431         </para>
    432       </listitem>
    433 
    434       <listitem>
    435         <para>
    436           <computeroutput>usbfilters</computeroutput> lists all global
    437           USB filters registered with VirtualBox -- that is, filters for
    438           devices which are accessible to all virtual machines -- and
    439           displays the filter parameters.
    440         </para>
    441       </listitem>
    442 
    443       <listitem>
    444         <para>
    445           <computeroutput>systemproperties</computeroutput> displays
    446           some global VirtualBox settings, such as minimum and maximum
    447           guest RAM and virtual hard disk size, folder settings and the
    448           current authentication library in use.
    449         </para>
    450       </listitem>
    451 
    452       <listitem>
    453         <para>
    454           <computeroutput>extpacks</computeroutput> displays all
    455           VirtualBox extension packs currently installed. See
    456           <xref
    457           linkend="intro-installing" /> and
    458           <xref
    459           linkend="vboxmanage-extpack" />.
    460         </para>
    461       </listitem>
    462 
    463       <listitem>
    464         <para>
    465           <computeroutput>groups</computeroutput> displays details of
    466           the VM Groups. See <xref linkend="gui-vmgroups" />.
    467         </para>
    468       </listitem>
    469 
    470       <listitem>
    471         <para>
    472           <computeroutput>webcams</computeroutput> displays a list of
    473           webcams attached to the running VM. The output format is a
    474           list of absolute paths or aliases that were used for attaching
    475           the webcams to the VM using the webcam attach command.
    476         </para>
    477       </listitem>
    478 
    479       <listitem>
    480         <para>
    481           <computeroutput>screenshotformats</computeroutput> displays a
    482           list of available screenshot formats.
     398          <command>hdds</command>, <command>dvds</command>,
     399          <command>floppies</command>: Shows information about virtual
     400          disk images currently in use by &product-name;, including all
     401          their settings, the unique identifiers (UUIDs) associated with
     402          them by &product-name; and all files associated with them.
     403          This is the command-line equivalent of the Virtual Media
     404          Manager. See <xref linkend="vdis" />.
     405        </para>
     406      </listitem>
     407
     408      <listitem>
     409        <para>
     410          <command>usbhost</command>: Shows information about USB
     411          devices attached to the host, including information useful for
     412          constructing USB filters and whether they are currently in use
     413          by the host.
     414        </para>
     415      </listitem>
     416
     417      <listitem>
     418        <para>
     419          <command>usbfilters</command>: Lists all global USB filters
     420          registered with &product-name; and displays the filter
     421          parameters. Global USB filters are for devices which are
     422          accessible to all virtual machines.
     423        </para>
     424      </listitem>
     425
     426      <listitem>
     427        <para>
     428          <command>systemproperties</command>: Displays some global
     429          &product-name; settings, such as minimum and maximum guest RAM
     430          and virtual hard disk size, folder settings and the current
     431          authentication library in use.
     432        </para>
     433      </listitem>
     434
     435      <listitem>
     436        <para>
     437          <command>extpacks</command>: Displays all &product-name;
     438          extension packs that are currently installed. See
     439          <xref linkend="intro-installing" /> and
     440          <xref linkend="vboxmanage-extpack" />.
     441        </para>
     442      </listitem>
     443
     444      <listitem>
     445        <para>
     446          <command>groups</command>: Displays details of the VM Groups.
     447          See <xref linkend="gui-vmgroups" />.
     448        </para>
     449      </listitem>
     450
     451      <listitem>
     452        <para>
     453          <command>webcams</command>: Displays a list of webcams
     454          attached to the running VM. The output format is a list of
     455          absolute paths or aliases that were used for attaching the
     456          webcams to the VM using the webcam attach command.
     457        </para>
     458      </listitem>
     459
     460      <listitem>
     461        <para>
     462          <command>screenshotformats</command>: Displays a list of
     463          available screenshot formats.
     464        </para>
     465      </listitem>
     466
     467      <listitem>
     468        <para>
     469          <command>cloudproviders</command>: Displays a list of cloud
     470          providers that are supported by &product-name;. &oci; is an
     471          example of a cloud provider.
     472        </para>
     473      </listitem>
     474
     475      <listitem>
     476        <para>
     477          <command>cloudprofiles</command>: Displays a list of cloud
     478          profiles that have been configured.
     479        </para>
     480
     481        <para>
     482          Cloud profiles are used when exporting VMs to a cloud service.
     483          See <xref linkend="ovf-export-oci"/>.
    483484        </para>
    484485      </listitem>
     
    493494
    494495    <para>
    495       The <computeroutput>showvminfo</computeroutput> command shows
    496       information about a particular virtual machine. This is the same
    497       information as <computeroutput>VBoxManage list vms
    498       --long</computeroutput> would show for all virtual machines.
    499     </para>
    500 
    501     <para>
    502       You will get information that resembles the following example.
    503     </para>
    504 
    505     <para>
     496      The <command>showvminfo</command> command shows information about
     497      a particular virtual machine. This is the same information as
     498      <command>VBoxManage list vms --long</command> would show for all
     499      virtual machines.
     500    </para>
     501
     502    <para>
     503      You will see information as shown in the following example.
     504    </para>
     505
    506506<screen>$ VBoxManage showvminfo "Windows XP"
    507507VirtualBox Command Line Management Interface Version <replaceable>version-number</replaceable>
     
    525525...
    526526    </screen>
    527     </para>
    528527
    529528    <para>
    530529      Use the <computeroutput>--machinereadable</computeroutput> option
    531       to produce the same output, but in machine readable format:
    532       property="value" on a line by line basis, e.g.:
    533     </para>
    534 
    535     <para>
     530      to produce the same output, but in machine readable format with a
     531      property=value string on each line. For example:
     532    </para>
     533
    536534<screen>
    537 name="VBoxSDL --startvm OL7.2"
     535...
    538536groups="/"
    539537ostype="Oracle (64-bit)"
    540538UUID="457af700-bc0a-4258-aa3c-13b03da171f2"
    541539...
    542     </screen>
    543     </para>
     540 </screen>
    544541
    545542  </sect1>
     
    550547
    551548    <para>
    552       The <computeroutput>registervm</computeroutput> command allows you
    553       to import a virtual machine definition in an XML file into
    554       VirtualBox. The machine must not conflict with one already
    555       registered in VirtualBox and it may not have any hard or removable
    556       disks attached. It is advisable to place the definition file in
    557       the machines folder before registering it.
    558 
    559       <note>
    560         <para>
    561           When creating a new virtual machine with
    562           <computeroutput>VBoxManage createvm</computeroutput> (see
    563           below), you can directly specify the
    564           <computeroutput>--register</computeroutput> option to avoid
    565           having to register it separately.
    566         </para>
    567       </note>
    568     </para>
    569 
    570     <para>
    571       The <computeroutput>unregistervm</computeroutput> command
    572       unregisters a virtual machine. If
    573       <computeroutput>--delete</computeroutput> is also specified, the
    574       following files will automatically be deleted as well:
    575     </para>
    576 
    577     <orderedlist>
     549      The <computeroutput>registervm</computeroutput> command enables
     550      you to import a virtual machine definition in an XML file into
     551      &product-name;. The machine must not conflict with one already
     552      registered in &product-name; and it may not have any hard or
     553      removable disks attached. It is advisable to place the definition
     554      file in the machines folder before registering it.
     555    </para>
     556
     557    <note>
     558      <para>
     559        When creating a new virtual machine with <command>VBoxManage
     560        createvm</command>, as shown in
     561        <xref linkend="vboxmanage-createvm"/>, you can directly specify
     562        the <option>--register</option> option to avoid having to
     563        register it separately.
     564      </para>
     565    </note>
     566
     567    <para>
     568      The <command>unregistervm</command> command unregisters a virtual
     569      machine. If <option>--delete</option> is also specified, the
     570      following files will also be deleted automatically:
     571    </para>
     572
     573    <itemizedlist>
    578574
    579575      <listitem>
     
    587583        <para>
    588584          Saved state files that the machine created. One if the machine
    589           was in "saved" state and one for each online snapshot.
    590         </para>
    591       </listitem>
    592 
    593       <listitem>
    594         <para>
    595           The machine XML file and its backups,
     585          was in Saved state and one for each online snapshot.
     586        </para>
     587      </listitem>
     588
     589      <listitem>
     590        <para>
     591          The machine XML file and its backups.
    596592        </para>
    597593      </listitem>
     
    610606      </listitem>
    611607
    612     </orderedlist>
     608    </itemizedlist>
    613609
    614610  </sect1>
     
    619615
    620616    <para>
    621       This command creates a new XML virtual machine definition file.
    622     </para>
    623 
    624     <para>
    625       The <computeroutput>--name &lt;name&gt;</computeroutput> parameter
    626       is required and must specify the name of the machine. Since this
    627       name is used by default as the file name of the settings file
    628       (with the extension <computeroutput>.xml</computeroutput>) and the
    629       machine folder (a subfolder of the
     617      The <command>VBoxManage createvm</command> command creates a new
     618      XML virtual machine definition file.
     619    </para>
     620
     621    <para>
     622      You must specify the name of the VM by using <option>--name
     623      <replaceable>name</replaceable></option>. This name is used by
     624      default as the file name of the settings file that has the
     625      <computeroutput>.xml</computeroutput> extension and the machine
     626      folder, which is a subfolder of the
    630627      <computeroutput>.config/VirtualBox/Machines</computeroutput>
    631       folder - this folder name may vary depending on the operating
    632       system and the version of VirtualBox which you are using), it must
    633       conform to your host operating system's requirements for file name
    634       specifications. If the VM is later renamed, the file and folder
    635       names will change automatically.
    636     </para>
    637 
    638     <para>
    639       However, if the <computeroutput>--basefolder
    640       &lt;path&gt;</computeroutput> option is used, the machine folder
    641       will be named <computeroutput>&lt;path&gt;</computeroutput>. In
    642       this case, the names of the file and the folder will not change if
    643       the virtual machine is renamed.
    644     </para>
    645 
    646     <para>
    647       If the <computeroutput>--group &lt;group&gt;, ...</computeroutput>
    648       option is used, the machine will be assigned membership of the
    649       specified VM groups in the list. Note that group ids always start
    650       with a <computeroutput>/</computeroutput> and can be nested. By
    651       default, VMs are always assigned membership of the group
    652       <computeroutput>/</computeroutput>.
    653     </para>
    654 
    655     <para>
    656       If the <computeroutput>--ostype &lt;ostype&gt;</computeroutput>:
    657       option is used, &lt;ostype&gt; specifies the guest operating
    658       system to run in the VM. To learn about the available OS options,
    659       run <computeroutput>VBoxManage list ostypes</computeroutput> .
    660     </para>
    661 
    662     <para>
    663       If the <computeroutput>--uuid &lt;uuid&gt;</computeroutput>:
    664       option is used, &lt;uuid&gt; specifies the VM uuid. This must be
    665       unique within the namespace of the host, or that of the VM Group
    666       if it is assigned to a VM group membership. By default, a unique
    667       uuid within the appropriate namespace is automatically generated.
    668     </para>
    669 
    670     <para>
    671       If the <computeroutput>--default</computeroutput> option is used,
    672       default hardware configuration for specified guest operation
    673       system will be applied. By default, VM is created with minimal
    674       hardware.
    675     </para>
    676 
    677     <para>
    678       By default, this command only creates the XML file without
    679       automatically registering the VM with your VirtualBox
    680       installation. To register the VM instantly, use the optional
    681       <computeroutput>--register</computeroutput> option, or run
    682       <computeroutput>VBoxManage registervm</computeroutput> separately
    683       afterwards.
     628      folder. Note that the machine folder path name varies based on the
     629      OS type and the &product-name; version.
     630    </para>
     631
     632    <para>
     633      Ensure that the VM name conforms to the host OS's file name
     634      requirements. If you later rename the VM, the file and folder
     635      names will be updated to match the new name automatically.
     636    </para>
     637
     638    <para>
     639      The <option>--basefolder <replaceable>path</replaceable></option>
     640      option specifies the machine folder path name. Note that the names
     641      of the file and the folder do not change if you rename the VM.
     642    </para>
     643
     644    <para>
     645      The <option>--group <replaceable>group-ID</replaceable>,
     646      ...</option> option assigns the VM to the specified groups. Note
     647      that group IDs always start with
     648      <computeroutput>/</computeroutput> so that they can be nested. By
     649      default, each VM is assigned membership to the
     650      <computeroutput>/</computeroutput> group.
     651    </para>
     652
     653    <para>
     654      The <option>--ostype <replaceable>ostype</replaceable></option>
     655      option specifies the guest OS to run in the VM. Run the
     656      <command>VBoxManage list ostypes</command> command to see the
     657      available OS types.
     658    </para>
     659
     660    <para>
     661      The <option>--uuid <replaceable>uuid</replaceable></option> option
     662      specifies the universal unique identifier (UUID) of the VM. The
     663      UUID must be unique within the namespace of the host or of its VM
     664      group memberships. By default, the <command>VBoxManage</command>
     665      command automatically generates the UUID.
     666    </para>
     667
     668    <para>
     669      The <computeroutput>--default</computeroutput> option applies a
     670      default hardware configuration for the specified guest OS. By
     671      default, the VM is created with minimal hardware.
     672    </para>
     673
     674    <para>
     675      The <option>--register</option> option registers the VM with your
     676      &product-name; installation. By default, the <command>VBoxManage
     677      createvm</command> command creates only the XML configuration for
     678      the VM but does not registered the VM. If you do not register the
     679      VM at creation, you can run the <command>VBoxManage
     680      registervm</command> command after you create the VM.
    684681    </para>
    685682
     
    694691      machine which is not running. Most of the properties that this
    695692      command makes available correspond to the VM settings that
    696       VirtualBox graphical user interface displays in each VM's
    697       "Settings" dialog. These were described in
    698       <xref linkend="BasicConcepts" />. Some of the more advanced
    699       settings, however, are only available through the
    700       <computeroutput>VBoxManage</computeroutput> interface.
    701     </para>
    702 
    703     <para>
    704       These commands require that the machine is powered off (neither
    705       running nor in "saved" state). Some machine settings can also be
    706       changed while a machine is running; those settings will then have
    707       a corresponding subcommand with the <computeroutput>VBoxManage
    708       controlvm</computeroutput> subcommand. See
     693      &product-name; graphical user interface displays in each VM's
     694      <emphasis role="bold">Settings</emphasis> dialog. These are
     695      described in <xref linkend="BasicConcepts" />. However, some of
     696      the more advanced settings are only available through the
     697      <command>VBoxManage</command> interface.
     698    </para>
     699
     700    <para>
     701      These commands require that the machine is powered off, neither
     702      running nor in a Saved state. Some machine settings can also be
     703      changed while a machine is running. Those settings will then have
     704      a corresponding subcommand with the <command>VBoxManage
     705      controlvm</command> subcommand. See
    709706      <xref linkend="vboxmanage-controlvm" />.
    710707    </para>
     
    716713      <para>
    717714        The following general settings are available through
    718         <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm</computeroutput>:
     715        <command>VBoxManage modifyvm</command>:
    719716      </para>
    720717
     
    723720        <listitem>
    724721          <para>
    725             <computeroutput>--name &lt;name&gt;</computeroutput>: This
    726             changes the VM's name and can be used to rename the internal
     722            <computeroutput>--name &lt;name&gt;</computeroutput>:
     723            Changes the VM's name and can be used to rename the internal
    727724            virtual machine files, as described in
    728725            <xref linkend="vboxmanage-createvm"/>.
     
    733730          <para>
    734731            <computeroutput>--groups &lt;group&gt;,
    735             ...</computeroutput>: This changes the group membership of a
    736             VM. Groups always start with a
     732            ...</computeroutput>: Changes the group membership of a VM.
     733            Groups always start with a
    737734            <computeroutput>/</computeroutput> and can be nested. By
    738735            default VMs are in group <computeroutput>/</computeroutput>.
     
    743740          <para>
    744741            <computeroutput>--description &lt;desc&gt;</computeroutput>:
    745             This changes the VM's description, which is a way to record
     742            Changes the VM's description, which is a way to record
    746743            details about the VM in a way which is meaningful for the
    747744            user. The GUI interprets HTML formatting, the command line
     
    754751          <para>
    755752            <computeroutput>--ostype &lt;ostype&gt;</computeroutput>:
    756             This specifies what guest operating system is supposed to
    757             run in the VM. To learn about the various identifiers that
    758             can be used here, use <computeroutput>VBoxManage list
    759             ostypes</computeroutput>.
     753            Specifies what guest operating system is supposed to run in
     754            the VM. To learn about the various identifiers that can be
     755            used here, use <command>VBoxManage list ostypes</command>.
    760756          </para>
    761757        </listitem>
     
    764760          <para>
    765761            <computeroutput>--iconfile
    766             &lt;filename&gt;</computeroutput>: This specifies the
    767             absolute path on the host file system for the VirtualBox
    768             icon to be displayed in the VM.
     762            &lt;filename&gt;</computeroutput>: Specifies the absolute
     763            path on the host file system for the &product-name; icon to
     764            be displayed in the VM.
    769765          </para>
    770766        </listitem>
     
    773769          <para>
    774770            <computeroutput>--memory
    775             &lt;memorysize&gt;</computeroutput>: This sets the amount of
    776             RAM, in MB, that the virtual machine should allocate for
    777             itself from the host. See <xref linkend="gui-createvm" />.
     771            &lt;memorysize&gt;</computeroutput>: Sets the amount of RAM,
     772            in MB, that the virtual machine should allocate for itself
     773            from the host. See <xref linkend="gui-createvm" />.
    778774          </para>
    779775        </listitem>
     
    782778          <para>
    783779            <computeroutput>--pagefusion on|off</computeroutput>:
    784             Enables/disables (default) the Page Fusion feature. The Page
    785             Fusion feature minimises memory duplication between VMs with
    786             similar configurations running on the same host. See
     780            Enables and disables the Page Fusion feature. Page Fusion is
     781            disabled by default. The Page Fusion feature minimises
     782            memory duplication between VMs with similar configurations
     783            running on the same host. See
    787784            <xref linkend="guestadd-pagefusion" />.
    788785          </para>
     
    792789          <para>
    793790            <computeroutput>--vram &lt;vramsize&gt;</computeroutput>:
    794             This sets the amount of RAM that the virtual graphics card
    795             should have. See <xref linkend="settings-display" />.
     791            Sets the amount of RAM that the virtual graphics card should
     792            have. See <xref linkend="settings-display" />.
    796793          </para>
    797794        </listitem>
     
    800797          <para>
    801798            <computeroutput>--acpi on|off</computeroutput> and
    802             <computeroutput>--ioapic on|off</computeroutput>: These
    803             settings determine whether the VM should have ACPI and I/O
    804             APIC support, respectively. See
     799            <computeroutput>--ioapic on|off</computeroutput>: Determines
     800            whether the VM has ACPI and I/O APIC support. See
    805801            <xref linkend="settings-motherboard" />.
    806802          </para>
     
    829825            <computeroutput>--hardwareuuid
    830826            &lt;uuid&gt;</computeroutput>: The UUID presented to the
    831             guest via memory tables (DMI/SMBIOS), hardware and guest
    832             properties. By default this is the same as the VM uuid.
    833             Useful when cloning a VM. Teleporting takes care of this
    834             automatically.
     827            guest through memory tables (DMI/SMBIOS), hardware, and
     828            guest properties. By default this is the same as the VM
     829            UUID. This setting is useful when cloning a VM. Teleporting
     830            takes care of this automatically.
    835831          </para>
    836832        </listitem>
     
    839835          <para>
    840836            <computeroutput>--cpus &lt;cpucount&gt;</computeroutput>:
    841             This sets the number of virtual CPUs for the virtual
    842             machine, see <xref linkend="settings-processor" />. If CPU
    843             hot-plugging is enabled, this then sets the
    844             <emphasis>maximum</emphasis> number of virtual CPUs that can
    845             be plugged into the virtual machines.
    846           </para>
    847         </listitem>
    848 
    849         <listitem>
    850           <para>
    851             <computeroutput>--cpuhotplug on|off</computeroutput>: This
    852             enables CPU hot-plugging. When enabled, virtual CPUs can be
     837            Sets the number of virtual CPUs for the virtual machine, see
     838            <xref linkend="settings-processor" />. If CPU hot-plugging
     839            is enabled, this then sets the <emphasis>maximum</emphasis>
     840            number of virtual CPUs that can be plugged into the virtual
     841            machines.
     842          </para>
     843        </listitem>
     844
     845        <listitem>
     846          <para>
     847            <computeroutput>--cpuhotplug on|off</computeroutput>:
     848            Enables CPU hot-plugging. When enabled, virtual CPUs can be
    853849            added to and removed from a virtual machine while it is
    854850            running. See <xref linkend="cpuhotplug" />.
     
    860856            <computeroutput>--plugcpu|unplugcpu
    861857            &lt;id&gt;</computeroutput>: If CPU hot-plugging is enabled,
    862             this adds or removes a virtual CPU on the virtual machine.
    863             <computeroutput>&lt;id&gt;</computeroutput> specifies the
    864             index of the virtual CPU to be added or removed and must be
    865             a number from 0 to the maximum no. of CPUs configured with
    866             the <computeroutput>--cpus</computeroutput> option. CPU 0
    867             can never be removed.
     858            this setting adds or removes a virtual CPU on the virtual
     859            machine. <computeroutput>&lt;id&gt;</computeroutput>
     860            specifies the index of the virtual CPU to be added or
     861            removed and must be a number from 0 to the maximum number of
     862            CPUs configured with the
     863            <computeroutput>--cpus</computeroutput> option. CPU 0 can
     864            never be removed.
    868865          </para>
    869866        </listitem>
     
    872869          <para>
    873870            <computeroutput>--cpuexecutioncap
    874             &lt;1-100&gt;</computeroutput>: This setting controls how
    875             much CPUtime a virtual CPU can use. A value of 50 implies a
    876             single virtual CPU can use up to 50% of a single host CPU.
    877           </para>
    878         </listitem>
    879 
    880         <listitem>
    881           <para>
    882             <computeroutput>--pae on|off</computeroutput>: This
    883             enables/disables PAE. See
     871            &lt;1-100&gt;</computeroutput>: Controls how much CPU time a
     872            virtual CPU can use. A value of 50 implies a single virtual
     873            CPU can use up to 50% of a single host CPU.
     874          </para>
     875        </listitem>
     876
     877        <listitem>
     878          <para>
     879            <computeroutput>--pae on|off</computeroutput>: Enables and
     880            disables PAE. See <xref linkend="settings-processor" />.
     881          </para>
     882        </listitem>
     883
     884        <listitem>
     885          <para>
     886            <computeroutput>--longmode on|off</computeroutput>: Enables
     887            and disables long mode. See
    884888            <xref linkend="settings-processor" />.
    885889          </para>
     
    888892        <listitem>
    889893          <para>
    890             <computeroutput>--longmode on|off</computeroutput>: This
    891             enables/disables long mode. See
    892             <xref linkend="settings-processor" />.
    893           </para>
    894         </listitem>
    895 
    896         <listitem>
    897           <para>
    898             <computeroutput>--spec-ctrl on|off</computeroutput>: This
    899             setting enables/disables exposing speculation control
    900             interfaces to the guest, provided they are available on the
    901             host. Depending on the host CPU and workload, enabling
    902             speculation control may significantly reduce performance.
     894            <computeroutput>--spec-ctrl on|off</computeroutput>: Enables
     895            and disables the exposure of speculation control interfaces
     896            to the guest, provided they are available on the host.
     897            Depending on the host CPU and workload, enabling speculation
     898            control may significantly reduce performance.
    903899          </para>
    904900        </listitem>
     
    907903          <para>
    908904            <computeroutput>--cpu-profile &lt;host|intel
    909             80[86|286|386]&gt;</computeroutput>: This enables
    910             specification of a profile for guest CPU emulation. Specify
    911             either one based on the host system CPU (host), or one from
    912             a number of older Intel Micro-architectures - 8086, 80286,
    913             80386.
    914           </para>
    915         </listitem>
    916 
    917         <listitem>
    918           <para>
    919             <computeroutput>--hpet on|off</computeroutput>: This
    920             enables/disables a High Precision Event Timer (HPET) which
    921             can replace the legacy system timers. This is turned off by
     905            80[86|286|386]&gt;</computeroutput>: Enables specification
     906            of a profile for guest CPU emulation. Specify either one
     907            based on the host system CPU (host), or one from a number of
     908            older Intel Micro-architectures: 8086, 80286, 80386.
     909          </para>
     910        </listitem>
     911
     912        <listitem>
     913          <para>
     914            <computeroutput>--hpet on|off</computeroutput>: Enables and
     915            disables a High Precision Event Timer (HPET) which can
     916            replace the legacy system timers. This is turned off by
    922917            default. Note that Windows supports a HPET only from Vista
    923918            onwards.
     
    927922        <listitem>
    928923          <para>
    929             <computeroutput>--hwvirtex on|off</computeroutput>: This
    930             enables or disables the use of hardware virtualization
    931             extensions (Intel VT-x or AMD-V) in the processor of your
    932             host system. See <xref linkend="hwvirt" />.
     924            <computeroutput>--hwvirtex on|off</computeroutput>: Enables
     925            and disables the use of hardware virtualization extensions,
     926            such as Intel VT-x or AMD-V, in the processor of your host
     927            system. See <xref linkend="hwvirt" />.
    933928          </para>
    934929        </listitem>
     
    937932          <para>
    938933            <computeroutput>--triplefaultreset on|off</computeroutput>:
    939             This setting enables resetting of the guest instead of
    940             triggering a Guru Meditation. Some guests raise a triple
    941             fault to reset the CPU so sometimes this is desired
    942             behavior. Works only for non-SMP guests.
    943           </para>
    944         </listitem>
    945 
    946         <listitem>
    947           <para>
    948             <computeroutput>--apic on|off</computeroutput>: This setting
    949             enables(default)/disables IO APIC. With I/O APIC, operating
    950             systems can use more than 16 interrupt requests (IRQs) thus
    951             avoiding IRQ sharing for improved reliability. See
    952             <xref linkend="settings-motherboard" />.
    953           </para>
    954         </listitem>
    955 
    956         <listitem>
    957           <para>
    958             <computeroutput>--x2apic on|off</computeroutput>: This
    959             setting enables(default)/disables CPU x2APIC support. CPU
    960             x2APIC support helps operating systems run more efficiently
    961             on high core count configurations, and optimizes interrupt
    962             distribution in virtualized environments. Disable when using
    963             host/guest operating systems incompatible with x2APIC
    964             support.
     934            Enables resetting of the guest instead of triggering a Guru
     935            Meditation. Some guests raise a triple fault to reset the
     936            CPU so sometimes this is desired behavior. Works only for
     937            non-SMP guests.
     938          </para>
     939        </listitem>
     940
     941        <listitem>
     942          <para>
     943            <computeroutput>--apic on|off</computeroutput>: Enables and
     944            disables I/O APIC. With I/O APIC, operating systems can use
     945            more than 16 interrupt requests (IRQs) thus avoiding IRQ
     946            sharing for improved reliability. This setting is enabled by
     947            default. See <xref linkend="settings-motherboard" />.
     948          </para>
     949        </listitem>
     950
     951        <listitem>
     952          <para>
     953            <computeroutput>--x2apic on|off</computeroutput>: Enables
     954            and disables CPU x2APIC support. CPU x2APIC support helps
     955            operating systems run more efficiently on high core count
     956            configurations, and optimizes interrupt distribution in
     957            virtualized environments. This setting is enabled by
     958            default. Disable this setting when using host or guest
     959            operating systems that are incompatible with x2APIC support.
    965960          </para>
    966961        </listitem>
     
    970965            <computeroutput>--paravirtprovider
    971966            none|default|legacy|minimal|hyperv|kvm</computeroutput>:
    972             This setting specifies which paravirtualization interface to
    973             provide to the guest operating system. Specifying
     967            Specifies which paravirtualization interface to provide to
     968            the guest operating system. Specifying
    974969            <computeroutput>none</computeroutput> explicitly turns off
    975970            exposing any paravirtualization interface. The option
    976             <computeroutput>default</computeroutput>, will pick an
    977             appropriate interface depending on the guest OS type while
    978             starting the VM. This is the default option chosen while
     971            <computeroutput>default</computeroutput> selects an
     972            appropriate interface when starting the VM, depending on the
     973            guest OS type. This is the default option chosen when
    979974            creating new VMs. The
    980             <computeroutput>legacy</computeroutput> option is chosen for
    981             VMs which were created with older VirtualBox versions and
    982             will pick a paravirtualization interface while starting the
    983             VM with VirtualBox 5.0 and newer. The
     975            <computeroutput>legacy</computeroutput> option is used for
     976            VMs which were created with older &product-name; versions
     977            and will pick a paravirtualization interface when starting
     978            the VM with &product-name; 5.0 and newer. The
    984979            <computeroutput>minimal</computeroutput> provider is
    985             mandatory for Mac OS X guests, while
     980            mandatory for Mac OS X guests.
    986981            <computeroutput>kvm</computeroutput> and
    987982            <computeroutput>hyperv</computeroutput> are recommended for
     
    993988        <listitem>
    994989          <para>
    995             <computeroutput>--paravirtdebug &lt;key=value&gt;
    996             [,&lt;key=value&gt; ...]</computeroutput>: This setting
    997             specifies debugging options specific to the
    998             paravirtualization provider configured for this VM. See the
    999             provider specific options in <xref linkend="gimdebug" /> for
    1000             a list of supported key-value pairs for each provider.
     990            <computeroutput>--paravirtdebug &lt;keyword=value&gt;
     991            [,&lt;keyword=value&gt; ...]</computeroutput>: Specifies
     992            debugging options specific to the paravirtualization
     993            provider configured for this VM. See the provider specific
     994            options in <xref linkend="gimdebug" /> for a list of
     995            supported keyword-value pairs for each provider.
    1001996          </para>
    1002997        </listitem>
     
    10301025            this additional setting enables or disables the use of the
    10311026            tagged TLB (VPID) feature in the processor of your host
    1032             system. See <xref
    1033             linkend="hwvirt" />.
     1027            system. See <xref linkend="hwvirt" />.
    10341028          </para>
    10351029        </listitem>
     
    10491043            the Guest Additions are installed, this setting enables or
    10501044            disables hardware 3D acceleration. See
    1051             <xref
    1052             linkend="guestadd-3d" />.
     1045            <xref linkend="guestadd-3d" />.
    10531046          </para>
    10541047        </listitem>
     
    10591052            If the Guest Additions are installed, this setting enables
    10601053            or disables 2D video acceleration. See
    1061             <xref
    1062             linkend="guestadd-2d" />.
     1054            <xref linkend="guestadd-2d" />.
    10631055          </para>
    10641056        </listitem>
     
    10671059          <para>
    10681060            <computeroutput>--chipset piix3|ich9</computeroutput>: By
    1069             default VirtualBox emulates an Intel PIIX3 chipset. Usually
    1070             there is no reason to change the default setting unless this
    1071             is required to relax some of its constraints. See
    1072             <xref
    1073             linkend="settings-motherboard" />.
     1061            default, &product-name; emulates an Intel PIIX3 chipset.
     1062            Usually there is no reason to change the default setting
     1063            unless this is required to relax some of its constraints.
     1064            See <xref linkend="settings-motherboard" />.
    10741065          </para>
    10751066        </listitem>
     
    10791070            You can influence the BIOS logo that is displayed when a
    10801071            virtual machine starts up with a number of settings. By
    1081             default, a VirtualBox logo is displayed.
     1072            default, an &product-name; logo is displayed.
    10821073          </para>
    10831074
     
    10981089          <para>
    10991090            With <computeroutput>--bioslogoimagepath
    1100             &lt;imagepath&gt;</computeroutput> you can, if you are so
    1101             inclined, replace the image that is shown, with your own
    1102             logo. The image must be an uncompressed 256 color BMP file
    1103             without color space information (Windows 3.0 format). The
    1104             image must not be bigger than 640 x 480.
     1091            &lt;imagepath&gt;</computeroutput> you can replace the image
     1092            that is shown with your own logo. The image must be an
     1093            uncompressed 256 color BMP file without color space
     1094            information (Windows 3.0 format). The image must not be
     1095            bigger than 640 x 480.
    11051096          </para>
    11061097        </listitem>
     
    11091100          <para>
    11101101            <computeroutput>--biosbootmenu
    1111             disabled|menuonly|messageandmenu</computeroutput>: This
    1112             specifies whether the BIOS allows the user to select a
    1113             temporary boot device.
    1114             <computeroutput>menuonly</computeroutput> suppresses the
    1115             message, but the user can still press F12 to select a
    1116             temporary boot device.
     1102            disabled|menuonly|messageandmenu</computeroutput>: Specifies
     1103            whether the BIOS enables the user to select a temporary boot
     1104            device. The <computeroutput>menuonly</computeroutput> option
     1105            suppresses the message, but the user can still press F12 to
     1106            select a temporary boot device.
    11171107          </para>
    11181108        </listitem>
     
    11211111          <para>
    11221112            <computeroutput>--biosapic
    1123             x2apic|apic|disabled</computeroutput>: This specifies the
     1113            x2apic|apic|disabled</computeroutput>: Specifies the
    11241114            firmware APIC level to be used. Options are: x2apic, apic or
    11251115            disabled (no apic or x2apic) respectively.
     
    11271117
    11281118          <para>
    1129             Note that if x2apic is specified and x2apic is unsupported
    1130             by the VCPU, biosapic downgrades to apic, if supported -
    1131             otherwise down to 'disabled'. Similarly, if apic is
    1132             specified, and apic is unsupported a downgrade to 'disabled'
    1133             results.
     1119            Note that if x2apic is specified and x2APIC is unsupported
     1120            by the VCPU, biosapic downgrades to apic, if supported.
     1121            Otherwise biosapic downgrades to disabled. Similarly, if
     1122            apic is specified, and APIC is unsupported, a downgrade to
     1123            disabled results.
    11341124          </para>
    11351125        </listitem>
     
    11381128          <para>
    11391129            <computeroutput>--biossystemtimeoffset
    1140             &lt;ms&gt;</computeroutput>: This specifies a fixed time
    1141             offset (milliseconds) of the guest relative to the host
    1142             time. If the offset is positive, the guest time runs ahead
    1143             of the host time.
    1144           </para>
    1145         </listitem>
    1146 
    1147         <listitem>
    1148           <para>
    1149             <computeroutput>--biospxedebug on|off</computeroutput>: This
    1150             option enables additional debugging output when using the
    1151             Intel PXE boot ROM. The output will be written to the
    1152             release log file (<xref linkend="collect-debug-info" />.
     1130            &lt;ms&gt;</computeroutput>: Specifies a fixed time offset,
     1131            in milliseconds, of the guest relative to the host time. If
     1132            the offset is positive, the guest time runs ahead of the
     1133            host time.
     1134          </para>
     1135        </listitem>
     1136
     1137        <listitem>
     1138          <para>
     1139            <computeroutput>--biospxedebug on|off</computeroutput>:
     1140            Enables additional debugging output when using the Intel PXE
     1141            boot ROM. The output is written to the release log file. See
     1142            <xref linkend="collect-debug-info" />.
    11531143          </para>
    11541144        </listitem>
     
    11571147          <para>
    11581148            <computeroutput>--boot&lt;1-4&gt;
    1159             none|floppy|dvd|disk|net</computeroutput>: This specifies
    1160             the boot order for the virtual machine. There are four
    1161             "slots", which the VM will try to access from 1 to 4, and
    1162             for each of which you can set a device that the VM should
    1163             attempt to boot from.
    1164           </para>
    1165         </listitem>
    1166 
    1167         <listitem>
    1168           <para>
    1169             <computeroutput>--rtcuseutc on|off</computeroutput>: This
    1170             option lets the real-time clock (RTC) operate in UTC time.
    1171             See <xref linkend="settings-motherboard" />.
     1149            none|floppy|dvd|disk|net</computeroutput>: Specifies the
     1150            boot order for the virtual machine. There are four
     1151            <emphasis>slots</emphasis>, which the VM will try to access
     1152            from 1 to 4, and for each of which you can set a device that
     1153            the VM should attempt to boot from.
     1154          </para>
     1155        </listitem>
     1156
     1157        <listitem>
     1158          <para>
     1159            <computeroutput>--rtcuseutc on|off</computeroutput>: Sets
     1160            the real-time clock (RTC) to operate in UTC time. See
     1161            <xref linkend="settings-motherboard" />.
    11721162          </para>
    11731163        </listitem>
     
    11761166          <para>
    11771167            <computeroutput>--graphicscontroller
    1178             none|vboxvga|vmsvga</computeroutput>: This option specifies
    1179             use of a graphics controller, and type chosen from vboxvga
    1180             or vmsvga. <xref linkend="settings-motherboard" />).
     1168            none|vboxvga|vmsvga|vboxsvga</computeroutput>: Specifies the
     1169            use of a graphics controller, with an option to choose a
     1170            specific type. See <xref linkend="settings-screen" />.
    11811171          </para>
    11821172        </listitem>
     
    11851175          <para>
    11861176            <computeroutput>--snapshotfolder
    1187             default|&lt;path&gt;</computeroutput>: This option specifies
    1188             the folder in which snapshots will be kept for a virtual
    1189             machine.
     1177            default|&lt;path&gt;</computeroutput>: Specifies the folder
     1178            where snapshots are kept for a virtual machine.
    11901179          </para>
    11911180        </listitem>
     
    11941183          <para>
    11951184            <computeroutput>--firmware
    1196             bios|efi|efi32|efi64</computeroutput>: This option specifies
    1197             which firmware to be used to boot the VM: Available options
    1198             are: BIOS, or one of the EFI options: efi, efi32 or efi64.
    1199             Use EFI options with care.
     1185            bios|efi|efi32|efi64</computeroutput>: Specifies the
     1186            firmware to be used to boot the VM: Available options are:
     1187            BIOS, or one of the EFI options: efi, efi32, or efi64. Use
     1188            EFI options with care.
    12001189          </para>
    12011190        </listitem>
     
    12041193          <para>
    12051194            <computeroutput>--guestmemoryballoon
    1206             &lt;size&gt;</computeroutput> This option sets the default
    1207             size of the guest memory balloon, that is, memory allocated
    1208             by the VirtualBox Guest Additions from the guest operating
    1209             system and returned to the hypervisor for re-use by other
     1195            &lt;size&gt;</computeroutput> Sets the default size of the
     1196            guest memory balloon. This is the memory allocated by the
     1197            &product-name; Guest Additions from the guest operating
     1198            system and returned to the hypervisor for reuse by other
    12101199            virtual machines.
    12111200            <computeroutput>&lt;size&gt;</computeroutput> must be
     
    12181207          <para>
    12191208            <computeroutput>--defaultfrontend
    1220             default|&lt;name&gt;</computeroutput>: This option specifies
    1221             the default frontend to be used when starting this VM. See
     1209            default|&lt;name&gt;</computeroutput>: Specifies the default
     1210            frontend to be used when starting this VM. See
    12221211            <xref linkend="vboxmanage-startvm" />.
    12231212          </para>
     
    12341223      <para>
    12351224        The following networking settings are available through
    1236         <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm</computeroutput>. With all
    1237         these settings, the decimal number directly following the option
    1238         name ("1-N" in the list below) specifies the virtual network
    1239         adapter whose settings should be changed.
     1225        <command>VBoxManage modifyvm</command>. With all these settings,
     1226        the decimal number directly following the option name, 1-N in
     1227        the list below, specifies the virtual network adapter whose
     1228        settings should be changed.
    12401229      </para>
    12411230
     
    12461235            <computeroutput>--nic&lt;1-N&gt;
    12471236            none|null|nat|natnetwork|bridged|intnet|hostonly|generic</computeroutput>:
    1248             You can configure for each of the VM's virtual network
    1249             cards, what type of networking should be available. Options
    1250             are: not present (<computeroutput>none</computeroutput>),
    1251             not connected to the host
    1252             (<computeroutput>null</computeroutput>), use network address
    1253             translation (<computeroutput>nat</computeroutput>), use the
    1254             new network address translation engine
     1237            Configures the type of networking for each of the VM's
     1238            virtual network cards. Options are: not present
     1239            (<computeroutput>none</computeroutput>), not connected to
     1240            the host (<computeroutput>null</computeroutput>), use
     1241            network address translation
     1242            (<computeroutput>nat</computeroutput>), use the new network
     1243            address translation engine
    12551244            (<computeroutput>natnetwork</computeroutput>), bridged
    12561245            networking (<computeroutput>bridged</computeroutput>), or
     
    12701259            <computeroutput>--nictype&lt;1-N&gt;
    12711260            Am79C970A|Am79C973|82540EM|82543GC|82545EM|virtio</computeroutput>:
    1272             This enables you to specify which networking hardware
    1273             VirtualBox presents to the guest for a specified VM virtual
    1274             network card. See <xref linkend="nichardware" />.
     1261            Enables you to specify the networking hardware that
     1262            &product-name; presents to the guest for a specified VM
     1263            virtual network card. See <xref linkend="nichardware" />.
    12751264          </para>
    12761265        </listitem>
     
    12791268          <para>
    12801269            <computeroutput>--cableconnected&lt;1-N&gt;
    1281             on|off</computeroutput>: This enables you to temporarily
     1270            on|off</computeroutput>: Enables you to temporarily
    12821271            disconnect a virtual network interface, as if a network
    12831272            cable had been pulled from a real network card. This might
    1284             be useful e.g. for resetting certain software components in
    1285             the VM.
    1286           </para>
    1287         </listitem>
    1288 
    1289         <listitem>
    1290           <para>
    1291             With the "nictrace" options, you can optionally trace
    1292             network traffic by dumping it to a file, for debugging
    1293             purposes.
     1273            be useful, for example for resetting certain software
     1274            components in the VM.
     1275          </para>
     1276        </listitem>
     1277
     1278        <listitem>
     1279          <para>
     1280            With the <computeroutput>nictrace</computeroutput> options,
     1281            you can optionally trace network traffic by dumping it to a
     1282            file, for debugging purposes.
    12941283          </para>
    12951284
     
    13121301            <computeroutput>--nicproperty&lt;1-N&gt;
    13131302            &lt;paramname&gt;="paramvalue"</computeroutput>: This
    1314             option, in combination with "nicgenericdrv" allows you to
    1315             pass parameters to rarely-used network backends.
     1303            option, in combination with
     1304            <computeroutput>nicgenericdrv</computeroutput> enables you
     1305            to pass parameters to rarely-used network backends.
    13161306          </para>
    13171307
     
    13191309            These parameters are backend engine-specific, and are
    13201310            different between UDP Tunnel and the VDE backend drivers.
    1321             For examples, please see
    1322             <xref linkend="network_udp_tunnel" />.
     1311            For examples, see <xref linkend="network_udp_tunnel" />.
    13231312          </para>
    13241313        </listitem>
     
    13271316          <para>
    13281317            <computeroutput>--nicspeed&lt;1-N&gt;
    1329             &lt;kbps&gt;</computeroutput>: If generic networking has
    1330             been enabled for a particular virtual network card (see the
    1331             <computeroutput>--nic</computeroutput> option above -
    1332             otherwise this setting has no effect), this mode enables
    1333             access to rarely used networking sub-modes, such as VDE
    1334             network or UDP Tunnel. This option specifies the throughput
    1335             rate in KBytes/sec.
     1318            &lt;kbps&gt;</computeroutput>: Only has an effect if generic
     1319            networking has been enabled for a particular virtual network
     1320            card. See the <computeroutput>--nic</computeroutput> option.
     1321            This mode enables access to rarely used networking
     1322            sub-modes, such as VDE network or UDP Tunnel. This option
     1323            specifies the throughput rate in KBps.
    13361324          </para>
    13371325        </listitem>
     
    13401328          <para>
    13411329            <computeroutput>--nicbootprio&lt;1-N&gt;
    1342             &lt;priority&gt;</computeroutput>: This specifies the order
    1343             in which NICs are tried for booting over the network (using
    1344             PXE). The priority is an integer in the 0 to 4 range.
     1330            &lt;priority&gt;</computeroutput>: Specifies the order in
     1331            which NICs are tried for booting over the network, using
     1332            PXE. The priority is an integer in the 0 to 4 range.
    13451333            Priority 1 is the highest, priority 4 is low. Priority 0,
    13461334            which is the default unless otherwise specified, is the
     
    13491337
    13501338          <para>
    1351             Note that this option only has effect when the Intel PXE
     1339            Note that this option only has an effect when the Intel PXE
    13521340            boot ROM is used.
    13531341          </para>
     
    13571345          <para>
    13581346            <computeroutput>--nicpromisc&lt;1-N&gt;
    1359             deny|allow-vms|allow-all</computeroutput>: This ernables you
    1360             to specify how the promiscuous mode is handled for the
    1361             specified VM virtual network card. This setting is only
    1362             relevant for bridged networking.
    1363             <computeroutput>deny</computeroutput> (default setting)
    1364             hides any traffic not intended for this VM.
    1365             <computeroutput>allow-vms</computeroutput> hides all host
    1366             traffic from this VM but allows the VM to see traffic
    1367             from/to other VMs.
     1347            deny|allow-vms|allow-all</computeroutput>: Enables you to
     1348            specify how promiscuous mode is handled for the specified VM
     1349            virtual network card. This setting is only relevant for
     1350            bridged networking. <computeroutput>deny</computeroutput>,
     1351            the default setting, hides any traffic not intended for the
     1352            VM. <computeroutput>allow-vms</computeroutput> hides all
     1353            host traffic from the VM, but allows the VM to see traffic
     1354            to and from other VMs.
    13681355            <computeroutput>allow-all</computeroutput> removes this
    13691356            restriction completely.
     
    13741361          <para>
    13751362            <computeroutput>--nicbandwidthgroup&lt;1-N&gt;
    1376             none|&lt;name&gt;</computeroutput>: This removes/adds an
    1377             assignment of a bandwidth group from/to the specified
    1378             virtual network interface. Specifying
     1363            none|&lt;name&gt;</computeroutput>: Adds and removes an
     1364            assignment of a bandwidth group for the specified virtual
     1365            network interface. Specifying
    13791366            <computeroutput>none</computeroutput> removes any current
    13801367            bandwidth group assignment from the specified virtual
     
    13861373
    13871374          <para>
    1388             For details, please see
    1389             <xref linkend="network_bandwidth_limit" />.
     1375            See <xref linkend="network_bandwidth_limit" />.
    13901376          </para>
    13911377        </listitem>
     
    13941380          <para>
    13951381            <computeroutput>--bridgeadapter&lt;1-N&gt;
    1396             none|&lt;devicename&gt;</computeroutput>: If bridged
    1397             networking has been enabled for a virtual network card (see
    1398             the <computeroutput>--nic</computeroutput> option above),
    1399             otherwise this setting has no effect. Use this option to
    1400             specify which host interface the given virtual network
    1401             interface will use. For details, please see
     1382            none|&lt;devicename&gt;</computeroutput>: Only has an effect
     1383            if bridged networking has been enabled for a virtual network
     1384            card. See the <computeroutput>--nic</computeroutput> option.
     1385            Use this option to specify which host interface the given
     1386            virtual network interface will use. See
    14021387            <xref linkend="network_bridged" />.
    14031388          </para>
     
    14071392          <para>
    14081393            <computeroutput>--hostonlyadapter&lt;1-N&gt;
    1409             none|&lt;devicename&gt;</computeroutput>: If host-only
    1410             networking has been enabled for a virtual network card (see
    1411             the <computeroutput>--nic</computeroutput> option above),
    1412             otherwise this setting has no effect. Use this option to
    1413             specify which host-only networking interface the given
    1414             virtual network interface will use. For details, please see
     1394            none|&lt;devicename&gt;</computeroutput>: Only has an effect
     1395            if host-only networking has been enabled for a virtual
     1396            network card. See the <computeroutput>--nic</computeroutput>
     1397            option. Use this option to specify which host-only
     1398            networking interface the given virtual network interface
     1399            will use. See
    14151400            <xref
    14161401            linkend="network_hostonly" />.
     
    14211406          <para>
    14221407            <computeroutput>--intnet&lt;1-N&gt;
    1423             network</computeroutput>: If internal networking has been
    1424             enabled for a virtual network card (see the
    1425             <computeroutput>--nic</computeroutput> option above),
    1426             otherwise this setting has no effect. Ue this option to
    1427             specify the name of the internal network (see
     1408            network</computeroutput>: Only has an effect if internal
     1409            networking has been enabled for a virtual network card. See
     1410            the <computeroutput>--nic</computeroutput> option. Use this
     1411            option to specify the name of the internal network. See
    14281412            <xref
    1429             linkend="network_internal" />).
     1413            linkend="network_internal" />.
    14301414          </para>
    14311415        </listitem>
     
    14351419            <computeroutput>--nat-network&lt;1-N&gt; &lt;network
    14361420            name&gt;</computeroutput>: If the networking type is set to
    1437             <computeroutput>natnetwork</computeroutput> (not
    1438             <computeroutput>nat</computeroutput>) then this setting
     1421            <computeroutput>natnetwork</computeroutput>, not
     1422            <computeroutput>nat</computeroutput>, then this setting
    14391423            specifies the name of the NAT network this adapter is
    14401424            connected to. Optional.
     
    14451429          <para>
    14461430            <computeroutput>--nicgenericdrv&lt;1-N&gt; &lt;backend
    1447             driver&gt;</computeroutput>: If generic networking has been
    1448             enabled for a virtual network card (see the
    1449             <computeroutput>--nic</computeroutput> option above),
    1450             otherwise this setting has no effect. This mode allows you
    1451             to access rarely used networking sub-modes, such as VDE
    1452             network or UDP Tunnel.
     1431            driver&gt;</computeroutput>: Only has an effect if generic
     1432            networking has been enabled for a virtual network card. See
     1433            the <computeroutput>--nic</computeroutput> option. This mode
     1434            enables you to access rarely used networking sub-modes, such
     1435            as VDE network or UDP Tunnel.
    14531436          </para>
    14541437        </listitem>
     
    14601443            set the MAC address of a particular network adapter on the
    14611444            VM. Normally, each network adapter is assigned a random
    1462             address by VirtualBox at VM creation.
     1445            address by &product-name; at VM creation.
    14631446          </para>
    14641447        </listitem>
     
    14721455        <para>
    14731456          The following NAT networking settings are available through
    1474           <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm</computeroutput>. With all
    1475           these settings, the decimal number directly following the
    1476           option name ("1-N" in the list below) specifies the virtual
    1477           network adapter whose settings should be changed.
     1457          <command>VBoxManage modifyvm</command>. With all these
     1458          settings, the decimal number directly following the option
     1459          name, 1-N in the list below, specifies the virtual network
     1460          adapter whose settings should be changed.
    14781461        </para>
    14791462
     
    14851468              &lt;network&gt;|default</computeroutput>: If the
    14861469              networking type is set to
    1487               <computeroutput>nat</computeroutput> (not
    1488               <computeroutput>natnetwork</computeroutput>) then this
     1470              <computeroutput>nat</computeroutput>, not
     1471              <computeroutput>natnetwork</computeroutput>, then this
    14891472              setting specifies the IP address range to be used for this
    1490               network. See <xref linkend="changenat" /> for an example.
     1473              network. See <xref linkend="changenat" />.
    14911474            </para>
    14921475          </listitem>
     
    14961479              <computeroutput>--natpf&lt;1-N&gt;
    14971480              [&lt;name&gt;],tcp|udp,[&lt;hostip&gt;],&lt;hostport&gt;,[&lt;guestip&gt;],
    1498               &lt;guestport&gt;</computeroutput>: This setting defines a
    1499               NAT port-forwarding rule. See
    1500               <xref linkend="natforward" />.
     1481              &lt;guestport&gt;</computeroutput>: Defines a NAT
     1482              port-forwarding rule. See <xref linkend="natforward" />.
    15011483            </para>
    15021484          </listitem>
     
    15051487            <para>
    15061488              <computeroutput>--natpf&lt;1-N&gt; delete
    1507               &lt;name&gt;</computeroutput>: This setting deletes a NAT
     1489              &lt;name&gt;</computeroutput>: Deletes a NAT
    15081490              port-forwarding rule. See <xref linkend="natforward" />.
    15091491            </para>
     
    15131495            <para>
    15141496              <computeroutput>--nattftpprefix&lt;1-N&gt;
    1515               &lt;prefix&gt;</computeroutput>: This setting defines a
    1516               prefix for the built-in TFTP server, i.e. where the boot
    1517               file is located. See <xref linkend="nat-tftp" /> and
    1518               <xref
    1519               linkend="nat-adv-tftp" />.
     1497              &lt;prefix&gt;</computeroutput>: Defines a prefix for the
     1498              built-in TFTP server. For example, where the boot file is
     1499              located. See <xref linkend="nat-tftp" /> and
     1500              <xref linkend="nat-adv-tftp" />.
    15201501            </para>
    15211502          </listitem>
     
    15241505            <para>
    15251506              <computeroutput>--nattftpfile&lt;1-N&gt;
    1526               &lt;bootfile&gt;</computeroutput>: This setting defines
    1527               the TFT boot file. See <xref linkend="nat-adv-tftp" />.
     1507              &lt;bootfile&gt;</computeroutput>: Defines the TFT boot
     1508              file. See <xref linkend="nat-adv-tftp" />.
    15281509            </para>
    15291510          </listitem>
     
    15321513            <para>
    15331514              <computeroutput>--nattftpserver&lt;1-N&gt;
    1534               &lt;tftpserver&gt;</computeroutput>: This setting defines
    1535               the TFTP server address to boot from. See
    1536               <xref
    1537               linkend="nat-adv-tftp" />.
     1515              &lt;tftpserver&gt;</computeroutput>: Defines the TFTP
     1516              server address to boot from. See
     1517              <xref linkend="nat-adv-tftp" />.
    15381518            </para>
    15391519          </listitem>
     
    15421522            <para>
    15431523              <computeroutput>--nattbindip&lt;1-N&gt;
    1544               &lt;ip;&gt;</computeroutput>: VirtualBox's NAT engine
     1524              &lt;ip;&gt;</computeroutput>: &product-name;'s NAT engine
    15451525              normally routes TCP/IP packets through the default
    15461526              interface assigned by the host's TCP/IP stack. Use this
    15471527              setting to instruct the NAT engine to bind to a specified
    15481528              IP address instead. See
    1549               <xref
    1550               linkend="nat-adv-settings" />.
     1529              <xref linkend="nat-adv-settings" />.
    15511530            </para>
    15521531          </listitem>
     
    15551534            <para>
    15561535              <computeroutput>--natdnspassdomain&lt;1-N&gt;
    1557               on|off</computeroutput>: This setting specifies whether
    1558               the built-in DHCP server passes the domain name for
    1559               network name resolution.
     1536              on|off</computeroutput>: Specifies whether the built-in
     1537              DHCP server passes the domain name for network name
     1538              resolution.
    15601539            </para>
    15611540          </listitem>
     
    15641543            <para>
    15651544              <computeroutput>--natdnsproxy&lt;1-N&gt;
    1566               on|off</computeroutput>: This setting makes the NAT engine
    1567               proxy all guest DNS requests to the host's DNS servers.
    1568               See <xref linkend="nat-adv-dns" />.
     1545              on|off</computeroutput>: Makes the NAT engine proxy all
     1546              guest DNS requests to the host's DNS servers. See
     1547              <xref linkend="nat-adv-dns" />.
    15691548            </para>
    15701549          </listitem>
     
    15731552            <para>
    15741553              <computeroutput>--natdnshostresolver&lt;1-N&gt;
    1575               on|off</computeroutput>: This setting makes the NAT engine
    1576               use the host's resolver mechanisms to handle DNS requests.
    1577               See <xref linkend="nat-adv-dns" />.
     1554              on|off</computeroutput>: Makes the NAT engine use the
     1555              host's resolver mechanisms to handle DNS requests. See
     1556              <xref linkend="nat-adv-dns" />.
    15781557            </para>
    15791558          </listitem>
     
    15831562              <computeroutput>--natsettings&lt;1-N&gt;
    15841563              [&lt;mtu&gt;],[&lt;socksnd&gt;],[&lt;sockrcv&gt;],[&lt;tcpsnd&gt;],
    1585               [&lt;tcprcv&gt;]</computeroutput>: This setting controls
    1586               several NAT settings. See
    1587               <xref linkend="nat-adv-settings" />.
     1564              [&lt;tcprcv&gt;]</computeroutput>: Controls several NAT
     1565              settings. See <xref linkend="nat-adv-settings" />.
    15881566            </para>
    15891567          </listitem>
     
    15931571              <computeroutput>--nataliasmode&lt;1-N&gt;
    15941572              default|[log],[proxyonly],[sameports]</computeroutput>:
    1595               This setting defines behaviour of NAT engine core: log -
    1596               enables logging, proxyonly - switches of aliasing mode
    1597               makes NAT transparent, sameports enforces NAT engine to
    1598               send packets via the same port as they originated on,
    1599               default - disable all mentioned modes above. See
    1600               <xref
    1601               linkend="nat-adv-alias" />.
     1573              Defines behaviour of the NAT engine core: log - enables
     1574              logging, proxyonly - switches off aliasing mode and makes
     1575              NAT transparent, sameports - enforces the NAT engine to
     1576              send packets through the same port as they originated on,
     1577              default - disable all aliasing modes. See
     1578              <xref linkend="nat-adv-alias" />.
    16021579            </para>
    16031580          </listitem>
     
    16151592      <para>
    16161593        The following hardware settings, such as serial port, audio,
    1617         clipboard, drag and drop, monitor and USB settings are available
    1618         through <computeroutput>VBoxManage modifyvm</computeroutput>:
     1594        clipboard, drag and drop, monitor, and USB settings are
     1595        available through <command>VBoxManage modifyvm</command>:
    16191596      </para>
    16201597
     
    16411618          <para>
    16421619            <computeroutput>--uart&lt;1-N&gt; off|&lt;I/O base&gt;
    1643             &lt;IRQ&gt;</computeroutput>: With this setting you can
    1644             configure virtual serial ports for the VM. See
    1645             <xref
    1646           linkend="serialports" />.
     1620            &lt;IRQ&gt;</computeroutput>: Configures virtual serial
     1621            ports for the VM. See <xref linkend="serialports" />.
    16471622          </para>
    16481623        </listitem>
     
    16511626          <para>
    16521627            <computeroutput>--uartmode&lt;1-N&gt;
    1653             &lt;arg&gt;</computeroutput>: This setting controls how
    1654             VirtualBox connects a given virtual serial port (previously
    1655             configured with the <computeroutput>--uartX</computeroutput>
    1656             setting, see above) to the host on which the virtual machine
    1657             is running. As described in <xref linkend="serialports" />,
    1658             for each such port, you can specify
    1659             <computeroutput>&lt;arg&gt;</computeroutput> as one of the
    1660             following options:
     1628            &lt;arg&gt;</computeroutput>: Controls how &product-name;
     1629            connects a given virtual serial port, configured with the
     1630            <computeroutput>--uartX</computeroutput> setting, to the
     1631            host on which the virtual machine is running. As described
     1632            in <xref linkend="serialports" />, for each such port, you
     1633            can specify <computeroutput>&lt;arg&gt;</computeroutput> as
     1634            one of the following options:
    16611635          </para>
    16621636
     
    16761650                <computeroutput>server
    16771651                &lt;pipename&gt;</computeroutput>: On a Windows host,
    1678                 this tells VirtualBox to create a named pipe on the host
    1679                 named <computeroutput>&lt;pipename&gt;</computeroutput>
    1680                 and connect the virtual serial device to it. Note that
    1681                 Windows requires that the name of a named pipe begin
     1652                this tells &product-name; to create a named pipe on the
     1653                host named
     1654                <computeroutput>&lt;pipename&gt;</computeroutput> and
     1655                connect the virtual serial device to it. Note that
     1656                Windows requires that the name of a named pipe begins
    16821657                with <computeroutput>\\.\pipe\</computeroutput>.
    16831658              </para>
     
    16921667              <para>
    16931668                <computeroutput>client
    1694                 &lt;pipename&gt;</computeroutput>: This operates just
    1695                 like <computeroutput>server ...</computeroutput>, except
    1696                 that the pipe, or local domain socket, is not created by
    1697                 VirtualBox, but assumed to exist already.
     1669                &lt;pipename&gt;</computeroutput>: Operates as for
     1670                <computeroutput>server</computeroutput>, except that the
     1671                pipe, or local domain socket, is not created by
     1672                &product-name; but is assumed to exist already.
    16981673              </para>
    16991674            </listitem>
     
    17021677              <para>
    17031678                <computeroutput>tcpserver &lt;port&gt;</computeroutput>:
    1704                 This tells VirtualBox to create a TCP socket on the host
    1705                 with TCP <computeroutput>&lt;port&gt;</computeroutput>
    1706                 and connect the virtual serial device to it. Note that
     1679                Configures &product-name; to create a TCP socket on the
     1680                host with TCP
     1681                <computeroutput>&lt;port&gt;</computeroutput> and
     1682                connect the virtual serial device to it. Note that
    17071683                UNIX-like systems require ports over 1024 for normal
    17081684                users.
     
    17131689              <para>
    17141690                <computeroutput>tcpclient
    1715                 &lt;hostname:port&gt;</computeroutput>: This operates
    1716                 just like <computeroutput>tcpserver
    1717                 ...</computeroutput>, except that the TCP socket is not
    1718                 created by VirtualBox, but assumed to exist already.
    1719               </para>
    1720             </listitem>
    1721 
    1722             <listitem>
    1723               <para>
    1724                 <computeroutput>file &lt;file&gt;</computeroutput>: This
    1725                 redirects the serial port output to a raw file
     1691                &lt;hostname:port&gt;</computeroutput>: Operates as for
     1692                <computeroutput>tcpserver</computeroutput>, except that
     1693                the TCP socket is not created by &product-name;, but is
     1694                assumed to exist already.
     1695              </para>
     1696            </listitem>
     1697
     1698            <listitem>
     1699              <para>
     1700                <computeroutput>uarttype &lt;1-N&gt;
     1701                16450|16550A|16750</computeroutput>: Confgures the UART
     1702                type for a virtual serial port. The default UART type is
     1703                16550A.
     1704              </para>
     1705            </listitem>
     1706
     1707            <listitem>
     1708              <para>
     1709                <computeroutput>file &lt;file&gt;</computeroutput>:
     1710                Redirects the serial port output to a raw file
    17261711                &lt;file&gt; specified by its absolute path on the host
    17271712                file system.
     
    17321717              <para>
    17331718                <computeroutput>&lt;devicename&gt;</computeroutput>: If,
    1734                 instead of the above, the device name of a physical
    1735                 hardware serial port of the host is specified, the
    1736                 virtual serial port is connected to that hardware port.
    1737                 On a Windows host, the device name will be a COM port
    1738                 such as <computeroutput>COM1</computeroutput>; on a
    1739                 Linux host, the device name will look like
    1740                 <computeroutput>/dev/ttyS0</computeroutput>. This allows
    1741                 you to "wire" a real serial port to a virtual machine.
     1719                instead of the above options, the device name of a
     1720                physical hardware serial port of the host is specified,
     1721                the virtual serial port is connected to that hardware
     1722                port. On a Windows host, the device name will be a COM
     1723                port such as <computeroutput>COM1</computeroutput>. On a
     1724                Linux host, the device name will be
     1725                <computeroutput>/dev/ttyS0</computeroutput> or similar.
     1726                This enables you to wire up a real serial port to a
     1727                virtual machine.
    17421728              </para>
    17431729            </listitem>
     
    17521738            of the parallel port that the Parallel Port feature will be
    17531739            using. Use this <emphasis>before</emphasis>
    1754             <computeroutput>--lpt</computeroutput>. This feature is host
    1755             operating system specific. For Windows hosts, use a device
    1756             name like <emphasis>lpt1</emphasis> while on Linux hosts you
    1757             have to use a device name like <emphasis>/dev/lp0</emphasis>
     1740            <computeroutput>--lpt</computeroutput>. This feature depends
     1741            on the host operating system. For Windows hosts, use a
     1742            device name such as lpt1. On Linux hosts, use a device name
     1743            such as /dev/lp0.
    17581744          </para>
    17591745        </listitem>
     
    17761762            <computeroutput>--audio
    17771763            none|null|dsound|oss|alsa|pulse|coreaudio</computeroutput>:
    1778             With this setting, you can specify whether the VM should
    1779             have audio support, and &ndash; if so &ndash; which type.
    1780             The list of supported audio types depends on the host and
    1781             can be determined with <computeroutput>VBoxManage
    1782             modifyvm</computeroutput>.
     1764            Specifies whether the VM should have audio support, and if
     1765            so, which type. The list of supported audio types depends on
     1766            the host and can be determined with <command>VBoxManage
     1767            modifyvm</command>.
    17831768          </para>
    17841769        </listitem>
     
    17871772          <para>
    17881773            <computeroutput>--audiocontroller
    1789             ac97|hda|sb16</computeroutput>: With this setting, you can
    1790             specify the audio controller to be used with this VM.
     1774            ac97|hda|sb16</computeroutput>: Specifies the audio
     1775            controller to be used with the VM.
    17911776          </para>
    17921777        </listitem>
     
    17951780          <para>
    17961781            <computeroutput>--audiocodec
    1797             stac9700|ad1980|stac9221|sb16</computeroutput>: With this
    1798             setting, you can specify the audio codec to be used with
    1799             this VM.
    1800           </para>
    1801         </listitem>
    1802 
    1803         <listitem>
    1804           <para>
    1805             <computeroutput>--audioin on</computeroutput>: With this
    1806             setting, you can specify whether capturing audio from the
    1807             host is enabled or disabled.
    1808           </para>
    1809         </listitem>
    1810 
    1811         <listitem>
    1812           <para>
    1813             <computeroutput>--audioout on</computeroutput>: With this
    1814             setting, you can specify whether audio playback from the
    1815             guest is enabled or disabled.
     1782            stac9700|ad1980|stac9221|sb16</computeroutput>: Specifies
     1783            the audio codec to be used with the VM.
     1784          </para>
     1785        </listitem>
     1786
     1787        <listitem>
     1788          <para>
     1789            <computeroutput>--audioin on</computeroutput>: Specifies
     1790            whether capturing audio from the host is enabled or
     1791            disabled.
     1792          </para>
     1793        </listitem>
     1794
     1795        <listitem>
     1796          <para>
     1797            <computeroutput>--audioout on</computeroutput>: Specifies
     1798            whether audio playback from the guest is enabled or
     1799            disabled.
    18161800          </para>
    18171801        </listitem>
     
    18211805            <computeroutput>--clipboard
    18221806            disabled|hosttoguest|guesttohost|bidirectional</computeroutput>:
    1823             With this setting, you can select if and how the guest or
    1824             host operating system's clipboard should be shared with the
    1825             host or guest. See <xref linkend="generalsettings" />. This
    1826             requires that the Guest Additions be installed in the
    1827             virtual machine.
     1807            Configues how the guest or host operating system's clipboard
     1808            should be shared with the host or guest. See
     1809            <xref linkend="generalsettings" />. This setting requires
     1810            that the Guest Additions be installed in the virtual
     1811            machine.
    18281812          </para>
    18291813        </listitem>
     
    18331817            <computeroutput>--draganddrop
    18341818            disabled|hosttoguest|guesttohost|bidirectional</computeroutput>:
    1835             With this setting, you can specify the current drag and drop
    1836             mode being used between the host and the virtual machine.
    1837             See <xref linkend="guestadd-dnd" />. This requires that the
    1838             Guest Additions be installed in the virtual machine.
     1819            Specifies the drag and drop mode to use between the host and
     1820            the virtual machine. See <xref linkend="guestadd-dnd" />.
     1821            This requires that the Guest Additions be installed in the
     1822            virtual machine.
    18391823          </para>
    18401824        </listitem>
     
    18431827          <para>
    18441828            <computeroutput>--monitorcount
    1845             &lt;count&gt;</computeroutput>: This enables multi-monitor
     1829            &lt;count&gt;</computeroutput>: Enables multi-monitor
    18461830            support. See <xref linkend="settings-display" />.
    18471831          </para>
     
    18501834        <listitem>
    18511835          <para>
    1852             <computeroutput>--usb on|off</computeroutput>: This setting
    1853             enables or disables the VM's virtual USB controller. See
     1836            <computeroutput>--usb on|off</computeroutput>: Enables and
     1837            disables the VM's virtual USB controller. See
    18541838            <xref
    18551839          linkend="settings-usb" />.
     
    18591843        <listitem>
    18601844          <para>
    1861             <computeroutput>--usbehci on|off</computeroutput>: This
    1862             setting enables or disables the VM's virtual USB 2.0
    1863             controller. See <xref linkend="settings-usb" />.
    1864           </para>
    1865         </listitem>
    1866 
    1867         <listitem>
    1868           <para>
    1869             <computeroutput>--usbxhci on|off</computeroutput>: This
    1870             setting enables or disables the VM's virtual USB 3.0
    1871             controller. See <xref linkend="settings-usb" />.
     1845            <computeroutput>--usbehci on|off</computeroutput>: Enables
     1846            and disables the VM's virtual USB 2.0 controller. See
     1847            <xref linkend="settings-usb" />.
     1848          </para>
     1849        </listitem>
     1850
     1851        <listitem>
     1852          <para>
     1853            <computeroutput>--usbxhci on|off</computeroutput>: Enables
     1854            and disables the VM's virtual USB 3.0 controller. See
     1855            <xref linkend="settings-usb" />.
    18721856          </para>
    18731857        </listitem>
     
    18761860          <para>
    18771861            <computeroutput>--usbrename &lt;oldname&gt;
    1878             &lt;newname&gt;</computeroutput>: This setting enables
    1879             renaming of the VM's virtual USB controller from
    1880             &lt;oldname&gt; to &lt;newname&gt;.
     1862            &lt;newname&gt;</computeroutput>: Enables renaming of the
     1863            VM's virtual USB controller from &lt;oldname&gt; to
     1864            &lt;newname&gt;.
    18811865          </para>
    18821866        </listitem>
     
    18911875
    18921876      <para>
    1893         The following settings for changing video and/or audio recording
    1894         parameters are available through <computeroutput>VBoxManage
    1895         modifyvm</computeroutput>.
     1877        The <command>VBoxManage modifyvm</command> command enables you
     1878        to modify recording settings for video recording, audio
     1879        recording, or both.
    18961880      </para>
    18971881
     1882      <para>
     1883        Use the following options to update the recording settings:
     1884      </para>
     1885
    18981886      <itemizedlist>
    18991887
    19001888        <listitem>
    19011889          <para>
    1902             <computeroutput>--recording on|off</computeroutput>: This
    1903             option enables or disables recording a VM session into a
    1904             file. If this option is enabled, recording will start when the
    1905             VM session is started.
    1906           </para>
    1907         </listitem>
    1908 
    1909         <listitem>
    1910           <para>
    1911             <computeroutput>--recordingscreens all|&lt;screen ID&gt;
    1912             [&lt;screen ID&gt; ...]</computeroutput>: This option allows
    1913             to specify which screens of the VM are being recorded. Each
    1914             screen is recorded into a separate file.
    1915           </para>
    1916         </listitem>
    1917 
    1918         <listitem>
    1919           <para>
    1920             <computeroutput>--recordingfile
    1921             &lt;filename&gt;</computeroutput>: This option sets the
    1922             filename VirtualBox uses to save the recorded content.
    1923           </para>
    1924         </listitem>
    1925 
    1926         <listitem>
    1927           <para>
    1928             <computeroutput>--recordingmaxtime
    1929             &lt;ms&gt;</computeroutput>: This option sets the maximum
    1930             time in milliseconds the recording will be enabled
    1931             since activation. The recording stops when the defined time
    1932             interval has elapsed. If this value is zero the recording is
    1933             not limited by time.
    1934           </para>
    1935         </listitem>
    1936 
    1937         <listitem>
    1938           <para>
    1939             <computeroutput>--recordingmaxsize
    1940             &lt;MB&gt;</computeroutput>: This option limits the maximum
    1941             size of the recorded file (in MB). The recording stops
    1942             when the file size has reached the specified size. If this
    1943             value is zero the recording will not be limited by file size.
    1944           </para>
    1945         </listitem>
    1946 
    1947         <listitem>
    1948           <para>
    1949             <computeroutput>--recordingopts &lt;key=value&gt;
    1950             [,&lt;key=value&gt; ...]</computeroutput>: This format can
    1951             be used to specify additional recording options. These
    1952             options only are for advanced users and must be specified in
    1953             a comma-separated key=value format. For example:
     1890            <option>--recording on|off</option> enables or disables the
     1891            recording of a VM session into a WebM/VP8 file. When this
     1892            option value is <computeroutput>on</computeroutput>,
     1893            recording begins when the VM session starts.
     1894          </para>
     1895        </listitem>
     1896
     1897        <listitem>
     1898          <para>
     1899            <option>--recordingscreens
     1900            all|<replaceable>screen-ID</replaceable>
     1901            [<replaceable>screen-ID</replaceable> ...]</option> enables
     1902            you to specify which VM screens to record. The recording for
     1903            each screen that you specify is saved to its own file.
     1904          </para>
     1905        </listitem>
     1906
     1907        <listitem>
     1908          <para>
     1909            <option>--recordingfile
     1910            <replaceable>filename</replaceable></option> specifies the
     1911            file in which to save the recording.
     1912          </para>
     1913        </listitem>
     1914
     1915        <listitem>
     1916          <para>
     1917            <option>--recordingmaxsize
     1918            <replaceable>MB</replaceable></option> specifies the maximum
     1919            size of the recorded video file in megabytes. The recording
     1920            stops when the file reaches the specified size. If this
     1921            value is zero, the recording continues until you stop the
     1922            recording.
     1923          </para>
     1924        </listitem>
     1925
     1926        <listitem>
     1927          <para>
     1928            <option>--recordingmaxtime
     1929            <replaceable>seconds</replaceable></option> specifies the
     1930            maximum amount time to record in seconds. The recording
     1931            stops after the specified number of seconds elapses. If this
     1932            value is zero, the recording continues until you stop the
     1933            recording.
     1934          </para>
     1935        </listitem>
     1936
     1937        <listitem>
     1938          <para>
     1939            <option>--recordingopts
     1940            <replaceable>keyword</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable>[,<replaceable>keyword</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable>
     1941            ...]</option> specifies additional video-recording options
     1942            in a comma-separated keyword-value format. For example,
    19541943            <computeroutput>foo=bar,a=b</computeroutput>.
    19551944          </para>
    1956         </listitem>
    1957 
    1958         <listitem>
    1959           <para>
    1960             <computeroutput>--recordingvideores
    1961             &lt;width&gt;x&lt;height&gt;</computeroutput>: This option
    1962             sets the video resolution (in pixels) of the recorded file.
    1963           </para>
    1964         </listitem>
    1965 
    1966         <listitem>
    1967           <para>
    1968             <computeroutput>--recordingvideorate
    1969             &lt;rate&gt;</computeroutput>: This option sets the video bitrate
    1970             in kilobits (kb) per second. Increasing this value makes the
    1971             video look better for the cost of an increased file size.
    1972           </para>
    1973         </listitem>
    1974 
    1975         <listitem>
    1976           <para>
    1977             <computeroutput>--recordingvideofps &lt;fps&gt;</computeroutput>:
    1978             This option sets the maximum number of video frames per second
    1979             (FPS) to be recorded. Frames with a higher frequency will be
    1980             skipped. Reducing this value increases the number of skipped
    1981             frames and reduces the file size.
    1982           </para>
    1983 
    1984           <para>
    1985             The following keys and their corresponding values are
    1986             available:
    1987           </para>
    1988 
    1989           <itemizedlist>
    1990 
    1991             <listitem>
    1992               <para>
    1993                 <computeroutput>ac_enabled</computeroutput>: Enables
    1994                 audio recording when set to
    1995                 <computeroutput>true</computeroutput>, otherwise set to
    1996                 <computeroutput>false</computeroutput> to disable. This
    1997                 feature is considered being experimental.
    1998               </para>
    1999             </listitem>
    2000 
    2001           </itemizedlist>
     1945
     1946          <para>
     1947            Only use this option only if you are an advanced user. For
     1948            information about keywords, see <emphasis>Oracle VM
     1949            VirtualBox Programming Guide and Reference</emphasis>.
     1950          </para>
     1951        </listitem>
     1952
     1953        <listitem>
     1954          <para>
     1955            <option>--recordingvideofps
     1956            <replaceable>fps</replaceable></option> specifies the
     1957            maximum number of video frames per second (FPS) to record.
     1958            Frames that have a higher frequency are skipped. Increasing
     1959            this value reduces the number of skipped frames and
     1960            increases the file size.
     1961          </para>
     1962        </listitem>
     1963
     1964        <listitem>
     1965          <para>
     1966            <option>--recordingvideorate
     1967            <replaceable>bit-rate</replaceable></option> specifies the
     1968            bit rate of the video in kilobits per second. Increasing
     1969            this value improves the appearance of the video at the cost
     1970            of an increased file size.
     1971          </para>
     1972        </listitem>
     1973
     1974        <listitem>
     1975          <para>
     1976            <option>--recordingvideores
     1977            <replaceable>width</replaceable>x<replaceable>height</replaceable></option>
     1978            specifies the video resolution of the recorded video in
     1979            pixels.
     1980          </para>
    20021981        </listitem>
    20031982
     
    20121991      <para>
    20131992        The following settings that affect remote machine behavior are
    2014         available through <computeroutput>VBoxManage
    2015         modifyvm</computeroutput>:
     1993        available through <command>VBoxManage modifyvm</command>:
    20161994      </para>
    20171995
     
    20201998        <listitem>
    20211999          <para>
    2022             <computeroutput>--vrde on|off</computeroutput>: This enables
    2023             or disables the VirtualBox remote desktop extension (VRDE)
     2000            <computeroutput>--vrde on|off</computeroutput>: Enables and
     2001            disables the VirtualBox Remote Desktop Extension (VRDE)
    20242002            server.
    20252003          </para>
     
    20292007          <para>
    20302008            <computeroutput>--vrdeproperty
    2031             "TCP/Ports|Address=&lt;value&gt;"</computeroutput> sets the
    2032             port number(s) and IP address on the VM that the VRDE server
     2009            "TCP/Ports|Address=&lt;value&gt;"</computeroutput>: Sets the
     2010            port numbers and IP address on the VM that the VRDE server
    20332011            can bind to.
    20342012          </para>
     
    20392017              <para>
    20402018                For TCP/Ports, &lt;value&gt; should be a port or a range
    2041                 of ports that the VRDE server can bind to; "default" or
    2042                 "0" means port 3389, the standard port for RDP. See the
    2043                 description for the
     2019                of ports that the VRDE server can bind to.
     2020                <computeroutput>default</computeroutput> or
     2021                <computeroutput>0</computeroutput> means port 3389, the
     2022                standard port for RDP. See the description for the
    20442023                <computeroutput>--vrdeport</computeroutput> option in
    20452024                <xref
     
    20672046          <para>
    20682047            <computeroutput>--vrdeproperty
    2069             "VideoChannel/Enabled|Quality|DownscaleProtection=&lt;value&gt;"</computeroutput>
    2070             sets the VRDP video redirection properties.
     2048            "VideoChannel/Enabled|Quality|DownscaleProtection=&lt;value&gt;"</computeroutput>:
     2049            Sets the VRDP video redirection properties.
    20712050          </para>
    20722051
     
    20762055              <para>
    20772056                For VideoChannel/Enabled, &lt;value&gt; can be set to
    2078                 "1" switching the VRDP video channel on. For details,
    2079                 see <xref linkend="vrde-videochannel" />.
     2057                "1", switching the VRDP video channel on. See
     2058                <xref linkend="vrde-videochannel" />.
    20802059              </para>
    20812060            </listitem>
     
    21122091          <para>
    21132092            <computeroutput>--vrdeproperty
    2114             "Client/DisableDisplay|DisableInput|DisableAudio|DisableUSB=1"</computeroutput>
    2115           </para>
    2116 
    2117           <para>
     2093            "Client/DisableDisplay|DisableInput|DisableAudio|DisableUSB=1"</computeroutput>:
    21182094            Disables one of the VRDE server features: Display, Input,
    21192095            Audio or USB respectively. To reenable a feature, use
     
    21262102          <para>
    21272103            <computeroutput>--vrdeproperty
    2128             "Client/DisableClipboard|DisableUpstreamAudio=1"</computeroutput>
    2129           </para>
    2130 
    2131           <para>
     2104            "Client/DisableClipboard|DisableUpstreamAudio=1"</computeroutput>:
    21322105            Disables one of the VRDE server features: Clipboard or
    21332106            UpstreamAudio respectively. To reenable a feature, use
     
    21402113          <para>
    21412114            <computeroutput>--vrdeproperty
    2142             "Client/DisableRDPDR=1"</computeroutput>
    2143           </para>
    2144 
    2145           <para>
    2146             Disables the VRDE server feature: RDP device redirection for
    2147             smart cards. To reenable this feature, use
    2148             "Client/DisableRDPR=".
     2115            "Client/DisableRDPDR=1"</computeroutput>: Disables the VRDE
     2116            server feature: RDP device redirection for smart cards. To
     2117            reenable this feature, use "Client/DisableRDPR=".
    21492118          </para>
    21502119        </listitem>
     
    21532122          <para>
    21542123            <computeroutput>--vrdeproperty
    2155             "H3DRedirect/Enabled=1"</computeroutput>
    2156           </para>
    2157 
    2158           <para>
    2159             Enables the VRDE server feature: 3D redirection. To disable
    2160             this feature, use "H3DRedirect/Enabled=".
     2124            "H3DRedirect/Enabled=1"</computeroutput>: Enables the VRDE
     2125            server feature: 3D redirection. To disable this feature, use
     2126            "H3DRedirect/Enabled=".
    21612127          </para>
    21622128        </listitem>
     
    21652131          <para>
    21662132            <computeroutput>--vrdeproperty
    2167             "Security/Method|ServerCertificate|ServerPrivateKey|CACertificate=&lt;value&gt;"</computeroutput>
    2168             sets the desired security method/Path of server certificate,
    2169             path of server private key, path of CA certificate, used for
    2170             a connection.
     2133            "Security/Method|ServerCertificate|ServerPrivateKey|CACertificate=&lt;value&gt;"</computeroutput>:
     2134            Sets the desired security method and path of server
     2135            certificate, path of server private key, path of CA
     2136            certificate, that are used for a connection.
    21712137          </para>
    21722138
     
    21852151                <listitem>
    21862152                  <para>
    2187                     <computeroutput>Negotiate</computeroutput> - both
     2153                    <computeroutput>Negotiate</computeroutput>: Both
    21882154                    Enhanced (TLS) and Standard RDP Security connections
    21892155                    are allowed. The security method is negotiated with
     
    21942160                <listitem>
    21952161                  <para>
    2196                     <computeroutput>RDP</computeroutput> - only Standard
     2162                    <computeroutput>RDP</computeroutput>: Only Standard
    21972163                    RDP Security is accepted.
    21982164                  </para>
     
    22012167                <listitem>
    22022168                  <para>
    2203                     <computeroutput>TLS</computeroutput> - only Enhanced
     2169                    <computeroutput>TLS</computeroutput>: Only Enhanced
    22042170                    RDP Security is accepted. The client must support
    22052171                    TLS.
     
    22192185                "Security/ServerCertificate=&lt;value&gt;"</computeroutput>
    22202186                where &lt;value&gt; is the absolute path of the server
    2221                 certificate. Ssee <xref linkend="vrde-crypt" />.
     2187                certificate. See <xref linkend="vrde-crypt" />.
    22222188              </para>
    22232189            </listitem>
     
    22482214            <computeroutput>--vrdeproperty
    22492215            "Audio/RateCorrectionMode|LogPath=&lt;value&gt;"</computeroutput>
    2250             sets the Audio connection mode, or Path of the audio
     2216            sets the audio connection mode, or path of the audio
    22512217            logfile.
    22522218          </para>
     
    22582224                <computeroutput>--vrdeproperty
    22592225                "Audio/RateCorrectionMode=&lt;value&gt;"</computeroutput>
    2260                 where &lt;value&gt; is the desired rate correction mode,
    2261                 allowed values are:
     2226                where &lt;value&gt; is the desired rate correction mode.
     2227                Allowed values are:
    22622228              </para>
    22632229
     
    22662232                <listitem>
    22672233                  <para>
    2268                     <computeroutput>VRDP_AUDIO_MODE_VOID</computeroutput>
    2269                     - no mode specified, use to unset any Audio mode
     2234                    <computeroutput>VRDP_AUDIO_MODE_VOID</computeroutput>:
     2235                    No mode specified, use to unset any Audio mode
    22702236                    already set.
    22712237                  </para>
     
    22742240                <listitem>
    22752241                  <para>
    2276                     <computeroutput>VRDP_AUDIO_MODE_RC</computeroutput>
    2277                     - rate correction mode.
     2242                    <computeroutput>VRDP_AUDIO_MODE_RC</computeroutput>:
     2243                    Rate correction mode.
    22782244                  </para>
    22792245                </listitem>
     
    22812247                <listitem>
    22822248                  <para>
    2283                     <computeroutput>VRDP_AUDIO_MODE_LPF</computeroutput>
    2284                     - low pass filter mode.
     2249                    <computeroutput>VRDP_AUDIO_MODE_LPF</computeroutput>:
     2250                    Low pass filter mode.
    22852251                  </para>
    22862252                </listitem>
     
    22882254                <listitem>
    22892255                  <para>
    2290                     <computeroutput>VRDP_AUDIO_MODE_CS</computeroutput>
    2291                     - client sync mode to prevent under/overflow of the
    2292                     client queue.
     2256                    <computeroutput>VRDP_AUDIO_MODE_CS</computeroutput>:
     2257                    Client sync mode to prevent underflow or overflow of
     2258                    the client queue.
    22932259                  </para>
    22942260                </listitem>
     
    23122278          <para>
    23132279            <computeroutput>--vrdeextpack
    2314             default|&lt;name&gt;</computeroutput>: Enables specification
    2315             of the library for accessing the VM remotely. The default is
    2316             to use the RDP code which is part of the Oracle VM
    2317             VirtualBox Extension Pack.
     2280            default|&lt;name&gt;</computeroutput>: Specifies the library
     2281            to use for accessing the VM remotely. The default is to use
     2282            the RDP code which is part of the &product-name; Extension
     2283            Pack.
    23182284          </para>
    23192285        </listitem>
     
    23232289            <computeroutput>--vrdeport
    23242290            default|&lt;ports&gt;</computeroutput>: A port or a range of
    2325             ports the VRDE server can bind to; "default" or "0" means
    2326             port 3389, the standard port for RDP. You can specify a
    2327             comma-separated list of ports or ranges of ports. Use a dash
    2328             between two port numbers to specify a range. The VRDE server
    2329             will bind to
    2330             <emphasis
    2331             role="bold">one</emphasis> of the
    2332             available ports from the specified list. Only one machine
    2333             can use a given port at a time. For example, the option
    2334             <computeroutput> --vrdeport 5000,5010-5012</computeroutput>
    2335             will tell the server to bind to one of following ports:
    2336             5000, 5010, 5011 or 5012.
     2291            ports the VRDE server can bind to.
     2292            <computeroutput>default</computeroutput> or
     2293            <computeroutput>0</computeroutput> means port 3389, the
     2294            standard port for RDP. You can specify a comma-separated
     2295            list of ports or ranges of ports. Use a dash between two
     2296            port numbers to specify a range. The VRDE server will bind
     2297            to <emphasis>one</emphasis> of the available ports from the
     2298            specified list. Only one machine can use a given port at a
     2299            time. For example, the option <computeroutput> --vrdeport
     2300            5000,5010-5012</computeroutput> will tell the server to bind
     2301            to one of following ports: 5000, 5010, 5011, or 5012.
    23372302          </para>
    23382303        </listitem>
     
    23492314          <para>
    23502315            The setting can be used to specify whether the VRDP server
    2351             should accept either IPv4, IPv6 or both connections:
     2316            should accept either IPv4, IPv6, or both connections:
    23522317          </para>
    23532318
     
    23702335            <listitem>
    23712336              <para>
    2372                 Both IPv6 and IPv4 (default):
    2373                 <computeroutput>--vrdeaddress "" </computeroutput>
     2337                Both IPv6 and IPv4: <computeroutput>--vrdeaddress ""
     2338                </computeroutput>
     2339              </para>
     2340
     2341              <para>
     2342                This is the default setting.
    23742343              </para>
    23752344            </listitem>
     
    23812350          <para>
    23822351            <computeroutput>--vrdeauthtype
    2383             null|external|guest</computeroutput>: This enables you to
     2352            null|external|guest</computeroutput>: Enables you to
    23842353            indicate use of authorization, and specify how authorization
    23852354            will be performed. See <xref linkend="vbox-auth" />.
     
    23902359          <para>
    23912360            <computeroutput>--vrdeauthlibrary
    2392             default|&lt;name&gt;</computeroutput>: This specifies the
    2393             library used for RDP authentication. See
    2394             <xref
     2361            default|&lt;name&gt;</computeroutput>: Specifies the library
     2362            used for RDP authentication. See
     2363            <xref 
    23952364            linkend="vbox-auth" />.
    23962365          </para>
     
    23992368        <listitem>
    24002369          <para>
    2401             <computeroutput>--vrdemulticon on|off</computeroutput>: This
    2402             enables multiple connections to be made to the same VRDE
     2370            <computeroutput>--vrdemulticon on|off</computeroutput>:
     2371            Enables multiple connections to be made to the same VRDE
    24032372            server, if the server supports this feature. See
    2404             <xref
     2373            <xref 
    24052374            linkend="vrde-multiconnection" />.
    24062375          </para>
     
    24222391          <para>
    24232392            <computeroutput>--vrdevideochannel on|off</computeroutput>:
    2424             This enables video redirection, if it is supported by the
    2425             VRDE server. See <xref linkend="vrde-videochannel" />.
     2393            Enables video redirection, if it is supported by the VRDE
     2394            server. See <xref linkend="vrde-videochannel" />.
    24262395          </para>
    24272396        </listitem>
     
    24322401            &lt;percent&gt;</computeroutput>: Specifies the image
    24332402            quality for video redirection. See
    2434             <xref
     2403            <xref 
    24352404            linkend="vrde-videochannel" />.
    24362405          </para>
     
    24462415
    24472416      <para>
    2448         With the following commands for <computeroutput>VBoxManage
    2449         modifyvm</computeroutput> you can configure a machine to be a
    2450         target for teleporting. See <xref linkend="teleporting" />.
     2417        With the following commands for <command>VBoxManage
     2418        modifyvm</command> you can configure a machine to be a target
     2419        for teleporting. See <xref linkend="teleporting" />.
    24512420      </para>
    24522421
     
    24552424        <listitem>
    24562425          <para>
    2457             <computeroutput>--teleporter on|off</computeroutput>: This
    2458             setting enables/disables the teleporter feature whereby when
    2459             the machine is started, it waits to receieve a teleporting
     2426            <computeroutput>--teleporter on|off</computeroutput>:
     2427            Enables and disables the teleporter feature whereby when the
     2428            machine is started, it waits to receive a teleporting
    24602429            request from the network instead of booting normally.
    24612430            Teleporting requests are received on the port and address
     
    24702439            <computeroutput>--teleporteraddress
    24712440            &lt;address&gt;</computeroutput>: These settings must be
    2472             used with --teleporter and they specify the port and address
    2473             the virtual machine should listen to to receive a
    2474             teleporting request sent from another virtual machine.
     2441            used with <computeroutput>--teleporter</computeroutput>.
     2442            They specify the port and address the virtual machine should
     2443            listen to in order to receive a teleporting request sent
     2444            from another virtual machine.
    24752445            <computeroutput>&lt;port&gt;</computeroutput> can be any
    24762446            free TCP/IP port number, such as 6000.
    24772447            <computeroutput>&lt;address&gt;</computeroutput> can be any
    24782448            IP address or hostname and specifies the TCP/IP socket to
    2479             bind to. The default is "0.0.0.0", which means any address.
     2449            bind to. The default is 0.0.0.0, which means any address.
    24802450          </para>
    24812451        </listitem>
     
    24852455            <computeroutput>--teleporterpassword
    24862456            &lt;password&gt;</computeroutput>: If this optional setting
    2487             is given, then the teleporting request will only succeed if
     2457            is used, then the teleporting request will only succeed if
    24882458            the source machine specifies the same password as the one
    24892459            given with this command.
     
    24952465            <computeroutput>--teleporterpasswordfile
    24962466            &lt;password&gt;</computeroutput>: If this optional setting
    2497             is given, then the teleporting request will only succeed if
     2467            is used, then the teleporting request will only succeed if
    24982468            the source machine specifies the same password as the one
    24992469            specified in the file give with this command. Use
     
    25072477            <computeroutput>--cpuid &lt;leaf&gt; &lt;eax&gt; &lt;ebx&gt;
    25082478            &lt;ecx&gt; &lt;edx&gt;</computeroutput>: Advanced users can
    2509             use this setting before a teleporting operation to restrict
    2510             the virtual CPU capabilities that VirtualBox presents to the
    2511             guest operating system. This must be run on both the source
    2512             and the target machines involved in the teleporting and will
    2513             then modify what the guest sees when it executes the
    2514             <computeroutput>CPUID</computeroutput> machine instruction.
    2515             This might help with misbehaving applications that wrongly
    2516             assume that certain CPU capabilities are present. The
    2517             meaning of the parameters is hardware dependent, refer to
    2518             the AMD or Intel processor documentation.
     2479            use this setting before a teleporting operation, to restrict
     2480            the virtual CPU capabilities that &product-name; presents to
     2481            the guest operating system. This must be run on both the
     2482            source and the target machines involved in the teleporting
     2483            and will then modify what the guest sees when it executes
     2484            the <computeroutput>CPUID</computeroutput> machine
     2485            instruction. This might help with misbehaving applications
     2486            that wrongly assume that certain CPU capabilities are
     2487            present. The meaning of the parameters is hardware
     2488            dependent, refer to the AMD or Intel processor
     2489            documentation.
    25192490          </para>
    25202491        </listitem>
     
    25382509          <para>
    25392510            <computeroutput>--tracing-enabled on|off</computeroutput>:
    2540             Enable the tracebuffer. This consumes some memory for the
     2511            Enables the tracebuffer. This consumes some memory for the
    25412512            tracebuffer and adds extra overhead.
    25422513          </para>
     
    25552526          <para>
    25562527            <computeroutput>--tracing-allow-vm-access
    2557             on|off</computeroutput>: Enables/disables (default) VM
    2558             access to the tracebuffer.
     2528            on|off</computeroutput>: Enables and disables VM access to
     2529            the tracebuffer. By default, this setting is disabled.
    25592530          </para>
    25602531        </listitem>
     
    25802551          <para>
    25812552            <computeroutput>--usbcardreader on|off</computeroutput>:
    2582             Enables/disables the USB card reader interface.
     2553            Enables and disables the USB card reader interface.
    25832554          </para>
    25842555        </listitem>
     
    26032574        <listitem>
    26042575          <para>
    2605             <computeroutput>--autostart on|off</computeroutput>:
    2606             Enables/disables VM autostart at host system boot-up, using
    2607             specified user name.
     2576            <computeroutput>--autostart-enabled on|off</computeroutput>:
     2577            Enables and disables VM autostart at host system boot-up,
     2578            using the specified user name.
    26082579          </para>
    26092580        </listitem>
     
    26122583          <para>
    26132584            <computeroutput>--autostart-delay
    2614             &lt;seconds&gt;</computeroutput>: Specifies a delay
    2615             (seconds) following host system boot-up, before VM
     2585            &lt;seconds&gt;</computeroutput>: Specifies a delay, in
     2586            seconds, following host system boot-up, before the VM
    26162587            autostarts.
    26172588          </para>
     
    26292600
    26302601    <para>
    2631       This command creates a full or linked copy of an existing virtual
    2632       machine.
    2633     </para>
    2634 
    2635     <para>
    2636       The <computeroutput>clonevm</computeroutput> subcommand takes at
    2637       least the name of the virtual machine which should be cloned. The
    2638       following additional settings can be used to further configure the
    2639       clone VM operation:
     2602      The <command>VBoxManage clonevm</command> command creates a clone
     2603      of an existing virtual machine (VM). The clone can be a full copy
     2604      of the VM or a linked copy of a VM.
     2605    </para>
     2606
     2607<screen>
     2608VBoxManage clonevm <replaceable>vm</replaceable> [ --basefolder <replaceable>basefolder</replaceable> ]
     2609[ --group <replaceable>group</replaceable>, ... ] [ --mode machine | machinechildren | all ]
     2610[ --name <replaceable>name</replaceable> ] [ --options link | keepallmacs | keepnatmacs | keepdisknames | keephwuuids ]
     2611[ --register ] [ --snapshot <replaceable>vm</replaceable> ] [ --uuid <replaceable>uuid</replaceable> ]
     2612</screen>
     2613
     2614    <para>
     2615      In addition to specifying the name of the VM to clone, which is
     2616      required, you can specify any of the following options:
    26402617    </para>
    26412618
     
    26442621      <listitem>
    26452622        <para>
    2646           <computeroutput>--snapshot
    2647           &lt;uuid&gt;|&lt;name&gt;</computeroutput>: Select a specific
    2648           snapshot where the clone operation should refer to. Default is
    2649           referring to the current state.
    2650         </para>
    2651       </listitem>
    2652 
    2653       <listitem>
    2654         <para>
    2655           <computeroutput>--mode
    2656           machine|machineandchildren|all</computeroutput>: Selects the
    2657           cloning mode of the operation. If
    2658           <computeroutput>machine</computeroutput> is selected (the
    2659           default), the current state of the VM without any snapshots is
    2660           cloned. In the
    2661           <computeroutput>machineandchildren</computeroutput> mode the
    2662           snapshot provided by
    2663           <computeroutput>--snapshot</computeroutput> and all child
    2664           snapshots are cloned. If <computeroutput>all</computeroutput>
    2665           is the selected mode all snapshots and the current state are
    2666           cloned.
    2667         </para>
    2668       </listitem>
    2669 
    2670       <listitem>
    2671         <para>
    2672           <computeroutput>--options
    2673           link|keepallmacs|keepnatmacs|keepdisknames|keephwuuids</computeroutput>:
    2674           Allows additional fine tuning of the clone operation. The
    2675           first option defines that a linked clone should be created,
    2676           which is only possible for a machine cloned from a snapshot.
    2677           The next two options enable specification of the handling of
    2678           MAC addresses of every virtual network card. They can either
    2679           be reinitialized (the default), left unchanged
    2680           (<computeroutput>keepallmacs</computeroutput>) or left
    2681           unchanged when the network type is NAT
    2682           (<computeroutput>keepnatmacs</computeroutput>). If you add
    2683           <computeroutput>keepdisknames</computeroutput> all new disk
    2684           images are called like the original ones, otherwise they are
    2685           renamed. If you add <computeroutput>keephwuuids</computeroutput>
    2686           source hardware IDs will be preserved.
    2687         </para>
    2688       </listitem>
    2689 
    2690       <listitem>
    2691         <para>
    2692           <computeroutput>--name &lt;name&gt;</computeroutput>: Select a
    2693           new name for the new virtual machine. Default is "Original
    2694           Name Clone".
    2695         </para>
    2696       </listitem>
    2697 
    2698       <listitem>
    2699         <para>
    2700           <computeroutput>--groups &lt;group&gt;, ...</computeroutput>
    2701           Enables the clone to be assigned membership of the specified
    2702           VM groups in the list. Note that group ids always start with a
    2703           <computeroutput>/</computeroutput> and can be nested. By
    2704           default, clones are always assigned membership of the group
    2705           <computeroutput>/</computeroutput>.
    2706         </para>
    2707       </listitem>
    2708 
    2709       <listitem>
    2710         <para>
    2711           <computeroutput>--basefolder
    2712           &lt;basefolder&gt;</computeroutput>: Select the folder where
    2713           the new virtual machine configuration should be saved in.
    2714         </para>
    2715       </listitem>
    2716 
    2717       <listitem>
    2718         <para>
    2719           <computeroutput>--uuid &lt;uuid&gt;</computeroutput>: Select
    2720           the UUID the new VM should have. This ID has to be unique in
    2721           the VirtualBox instance this clone should be registered.
    2722           Default is creating a new UUID.
    2723         </para>
    2724       </listitem>
    2725 
    2726       <listitem>
    2727         <para>
    2728           <computeroutput>--register</computeroutput>: Automatically
    2729           register the new clone in this VirtualBox installation. If you
    2730           manually want to register the new VM later, see
    2731           <xref linkend="vboxmanage-registervm" />.
     2623          <option>--basefolder</option>
     2624          <replaceable>basefolder</replaceable> specifies the name of
     2625          the folder in which to save the configuration for the new VM.
     2626        </para>
     2627      </listitem>
     2628
     2629      <listitem>
     2630        <para>
     2631          <option>--groups <replaceable>group</replaceable>,
     2632          ...</option> assigns the clone to the specified group or
     2633          groups. If you specify more than one group, separate each
     2634          group name with a comma.
     2635        </para>
     2636
     2637        <para>
     2638          Note that each group is identified by a group ID that starts
     2639          with a slash character (<computeroutput>/</computeroutput>) so
     2640          that groups can be nested. By default, a clone is always
     2641          assigned membership to the <computeroutput>/</computeroutput>
     2642          group.
     2643        </para>
     2644      </listitem>
     2645
     2646      <listitem>
     2647        <para>
     2648          <option>--mode machine|machineandchildren|all</option>
     2649          specifies which of the following cloning modes to use:
     2650        </para>
     2651
     2652        <itemizedlist>
     2653
     2654          <listitem>
     2655            <para>
     2656              <computeroutput>machine</computeroutput> mode clones the
     2657              current state of the existing VM without any snapshots.
     2658              This is the default mode.
     2659            </para>
     2660          </listitem>
     2661
     2662          <listitem>
     2663            <para>
     2664              <computeroutput>machineandchildren</computeroutput> mode
     2665              clones the snapshot specified by by the
     2666              <option>--snapshot</option> option and all child
     2667              snapshots.
     2668            </para>
     2669          </listitem>
     2670
     2671          <listitem>
     2672            <para>
     2673              <computeroutput>all</computeroutput> mode clones all
     2674              snapshots and the current state of the existing VM.
     2675            </para>
     2676          </listitem>
     2677
     2678        </itemizedlist>
     2679      </listitem>
     2680
     2681      <listitem>
     2682        <para>
     2683          <option>--name <replaceable>name</replaceable></option>
     2684          specifies a new name for the new VM. The default value is
     2685          "<replaceable>name</replaceable> Clone", where
     2686          <replaceable>name</replaceable> is the original name of the
     2687          VM.
     2688        </para>
     2689      </listitem>
     2690
     2691      <listitem>
     2692        <para>
     2693          <option>--options</option> specifies how to create a new
     2694          clone.
     2695        </para>
     2696
     2697        <itemizedlist>
     2698
     2699          <listitem>
     2700            <para>
     2701              <option>--options link</option> creates a linked clone,
     2702              which can be cloned only from a snapshot.
     2703            </para>
     2704          </listitem>
     2705
     2706          <listitem>
     2707            <para>
     2708              <option>--options keepallmacs</option> specifies that the
     2709              new clone reuses the MAC addresses of each virtual network
     2710              card from the existing VM.
     2711            </para>
     2712
     2713            <para>
     2714              If you do not specify this option or the <option>--options
     2715              keepnatmacs</option> option, the default behavior is to
     2716              reinitialize the MAC addresses of each virtual network
     2717              card.
     2718            </para>
     2719          </listitem>
     2720
     2721          <listitem>
     2722            <para>
     2723              <option>--options keepnatmacs</option> specifies that the
     2724              new clone reuses the MAC addresses of each virtual network
     2725              card from the existing VM when the network type is NAT.
     2726            </para>
     2727
     2728            <para>
     2729              If you do not specify this option or the <option>--options
     2730              keepallmacs</option> option, the default behavior is to
     2731              reinitialize the MAC addresses of each virtual network
     2732              card.
     2733            </para>
     2734          </listitem>
     2735
     2736          <listitem>
     2737            <para>
     2738              <option>--option keepdisknames</option> specifies that the
     2739              new clone reuses the disk image names from the existing
     2740              VM. By default, disk images are renamed. You can preserve
     2741              source hardware IDs by adding
     2742              <computeroutput>keephwuuids</computeroutput>.
     2743            </para>
     2744          </listitem>
     2745
     2746          <listitem>
     2747            <para>
     2748              <option>--option keephwuuids</option> specifies that the
     2749              new clone reuses the hardware IDs from the existing VM. By
     2750              default, new UUIDs are used.
     2751            </para>
     2752          </listitem>
     2753
     2754        </itemizedlist>
     2755      </listitem>
     2756
     2757      <listitem>
     2758        <para>
     2759          <option>--register</option> automatically registers the new
     2760          clone in this &product-name; installation. You can manually
     2761          register the new VM later by using the <command>VMBoxManage
     2762          registervm</command> command. See the
     2763          <xref linkend="vboxmanage-registervm" /> man page.
     2764        </para>
     2765      </listitem>
     2766
     2767      <listitem>
     2768        <para>
     2769          <option>--snapshot <replaceable>vm</replaceable></option>
     2770          specifies the snapshot on which to base the new VM. By
     2771          default, the clone is created from the current state of the
     2772          specified VM.
     2773        </para>
     2774      </listitem>
     2775
     2776      <listitem>
     2777        <para>
     2778          <option>--uuid <replaceable>uuid</replaceable></option>
     2779          specifies the UUID for the new VM. Ensure that this ID is
     2780          unique for the &product-name; instance if you decide to
     2781          register this new VM. By default, &product-name; provides a
     2782          new UUID.
    27322783        </para>
    27332784      </listitem>
    27342785
    27352786    </itemizedlist>
     2787
     2788  </sect1>
     2789
     2790  <sect1 id="vboxmanage-movevm">
     2791
     2792    <title>VBoxManage movevm</title>
     2793
     2794    <para>
     2795      This command moves a virtual machine to a new location on the
     2796      host.
     2797    </para>
     2798
     2799    <para>
     2800      Associated files of the virtual machine, such as settings files
     2801      and disk image files, are moved to the new location. The
     2802      &product-name; configuration is updated automatically.
     2803    </para>
     2804
     2805    <para>
     2806      The <command>movevm</command> subcommand requires the name of the
     2807      virtual machine which should be moved.
     2808    </para>
     2809
     2810    <remark>
     2811      What does the --type basic setting do?
     2812    </remark>
     2813
     2814    <para>
     2815      Also required is the type of move operation, specified by
     2816      <computeroutput>--type basic</computeroutput>. Other types of move
     2817      operation may be supported in future releases.
     2818    </para>
     2819
     2820    <para>
     2821      The <computeroutput>--folder</computeroutput> setting configures
     2822      the new location on the host file system. Enter a relative
     2823      pathname or a full pathname.
     2824    </para>
    27362825
    27372826  </sect1>
     
    27442833      This command imports a virtual appliance in OVF format by copying
    27452834      the virtual disk images and creating virtual machines in
    2746       VirtualBox. See <xref linkend="ovf" /> for an introduction to
     2835      &product-name;. See <xref linkend="ovf" /> for an introduction to
    27472836      appliances.
    27482837    </para>
    27492838
    27502839    <para>
    2751       The <computeroutput>import</computeroutput> subcommand takes at
    2752       least the path name of an OVF file as input and expects the disk
    2753       images, if needed, in the same directory as the OVF file. A lot of
    2754       additional command-line options are supported to control in detail
    2755       what is being imported and modify the import parameters, but the
    2756       details depend on the content of the OVF file.
    2757     </para>
    2758 
    2759     <para>
    2760       It is therefore recommended to first run the import subcommand
    2761       with the <computeroutput>--dry-run</computeroutput> or
     2840      The <command>import</command> subcommand takes at least the path
     2841      name of an OVF file as input and expects the disk images, if
     2842      needed, in the same directory as the OVF file. A lot of additional
     2843      command-line options are supported to control in detail what is
     2844      being imported and modify the import parameters, but the details
     2845      depend on the content of the OVF file.
     2846    </para>
     2847
     2848    <para>
     2849      It is therefore recommended to first run the
     2850      <command>import</command> subcommand with the
     2851      <computeroutput>--dry-run</computeroutput> or
    27622852      <computeroutput>-n</computeroutput> option. This will then print a
    27632853      description of the appliance's contents to the screen how it would
    2764       be imported into VirtualBox, together with the optional
     2854      be imported into &product-name;, together with the optional
    27652855      command-line options to influence the import behavior.
    27662856    </para>
     
    27682858    <para>
    27692859      Use of the <computeroutput>--options
    2770       keepallmacs|keepnatmacs|keepdisknames</computeroutput>:
    2771       option enables additional fine tuning of the clone operation. The
    2772       first two options enable specification of how the MAC addresses of
    2773       every virtual network card should be handled. They can either be
    2774       reinitialized (the default), left unchanged
     2860      keepallmacs|keepnatmacs|keepdisknames</computeroutput> option
     2861      enables additional fine tuning of the clone operation. The first
     2862      two options enable specification of how the MAC addresses of every
     2863      virtual network card should be handled. They can either be
     2864      reinitialized, which is the default setting, left unchanged
    27752865      (<computeroutput>keepallmacs</computeroutput>) or left unchanged
    27762866      when the network type is NAT
     
    27822872
    27832873    <para>
    2784       As an example, here is the screen output with a sample appliance
    2785       containing a Windows XP guest:
     2874      As an example, the following is a screen output for a sample
     2875      appliance containing a Windows XP guest:
    27862876    </para>
    27872877
     
    28282918      subcommand can be directed to ignore many such items with a
    28292919      <computeroutput>--vsys X --unit Y --ignore</computeroutput>
    2830       option, where X is the number of the virtual system (zero unless
    2831       there are several virtual system descriptions in the appliance)
    2832       and Y the item number, as printed on the screen.
     2920      option, where X is the number of the virtual system and Y the item
     2921      number, as printed on the screen. X is zero, unless there are
     2922      several virtual system descriptions in the appliance.
    28332923    </para>
    28342924
    28352925    <para>
    28362926      In the above example, Item #1 specifies the name of the target
    2837       machine in VirtualBox. Items #9 and #10 specify hard disk
    2838       controllers, respectively. Item #11 describes a hard disk image;
    2839       in this case, the additional
     2927      machine in &product-name;. Items #9 and #10 specify hard disk
     2928      controllers, respectively. Item #11 describes a hard disk image.
     2929      In this case, the additional
    28402930      <computeroutput>--controller</computeroutput> option indicates
    28412931      which item the disk image should be connected to, with the default
     
    28492939      the sound card and without the USB controller, and with the disk
    28502940      image connected to the IDE controller instead of the SCSI
    2851       controller, use this command:
     2941      controller, use the following command:
    28522942    </para>
    28532943
     
    28622952
    28632953    <para>
    2864       This command exports one or more virtual machines from VirtualBox
    2865       into a virtual appliance in OVF format, including copying their
    2866       virtual disk images to compressed VMDK. See <xref linkend="ovf" />
    2867       for an introduction to appliances.
    2868     </para>
    2869 
    2870     <para>
    2871       The <computeroutput>export</computeroutput> command is simple to
    2872       use: list the machine (or the machines) that you would like to
    2873       export to the same OVF file and specify the target OVF file after
    2874       an additional <computeroutput>--output</computeroutput> or
    2875       <computeroutput>-o</computeroutput> option. Note that the
    2876       directory of the target OVF file will also receive the exported
    2877       disk images in the compressed VMDK format (regardless of the
    2878       original format) and should have enough disk space left for them.
    2879     </para>
    2880 
    2881     <para>
    2882       Beside a simple export of a given virtual machine, you can append
    2883       several product information to the appliance file. Use
    2884       <computeroutput>--product</computeroutput>,
    2885       <computeroutput>--producturl</computeroutput>,
    2886       <computeroutput>--vendor</computeroutput>,
    2887       <computeroutput>--vendorurl</computeroutput>,
    2888       <computeroutput>--version</computeroutput> and
    2889       <computeroutput>--description</computeroutput> to specify this
    2890       additional information. For legal reasons you may add a license
    2891       text or the content of a license file by using the
    2892       <computeroutput>--eula</computeroutput> and
    2893       <computeroutput>--eulafile</computeroutput> option respectively.
    2894       As with OVF import, you must use the <computeroutput>--vsys
    2895       X</computeroutput> option to direct the previously mentioned
    2896       options to the correct virtual machine.
    2897     </para>
    2898 
    2899     <para>
    2900       For virtualization products which are not fully compatible with
    2901       the OVF standard 1.0 you can enable an OVF 0.9 legacy mode with
    2902       the <computeroutput>--legacy09</computeroutput> option. Other
    2903       options are <computeroutput>--ovf09</computeroutput>,
    2904       <computeroutput>--ovf10</computeroutput>,
    2905       <computeroutput>--ovf20</computeroutput>.
    2906     </para>
    2907 
    2908     <para>
    2909       To specify options controlling the exact content of the appliance
    2910       file, you can use <computeroutput>--options</computeroutput> to
    2911       request the creation of a manifest file, which allows detection of
    2912       corrupted appliances on import, the additional export of DVD
    2913       images, and the exclusion of MAC addresses. You can specify a list
    2914       of options, such as <computeroutput>--options
    2915       manifest,nomacs</computeroutput>. For details, check the help
    2916       output of <computeroutput>VBoxManage export</computeroutput>.
    2917     </para>
     2954      This command exports one or more virtual machines from
     2955      &product-name;. You can export to either of the following:
     2956    </para>
     2957
     2958    <itemizedlist>
     2959
     2960      <listitem>
     2961        <para>
     2962          A virtual appliance in OVF format, including copying their
     2963          virtual disk images to compressed VMDK
     2964        </para>
     2965      </listitem>
     2966
     2967      <listitem>
     2968        <para>
     2969          A cloud service, such as &oci;.
     2970        </para>
     2971      </listitem>
     2972
     2973    </itemizedlist>
     2974
     2975    <para>
     2976      See <xref linkend="ovf" /> for more details on exporting VMs from
     2977      &product-name;.
     2978    </para>
     2979
     2980    <sect2 id="vboxmanage-export-ovf">
     2981
     2982      <title>Export to OVF</title>
     2983
     2984      <para>
     2985        List the machine, or the machines, that you would like to export
     2986        to the same OVF file and specify the target OVF file after an
     2987        additional <computeroutput>--output</computeroutput> or
     2988        <computeroutput>-o</computeroutput> option. Note that the
     2989        directory of the target OVF file will also receive the exported
     2990        disk images in the compressed VMDK format, regardless of the
     2991        original format, and should have enough disk space left for
     2992        them.
     2993      </para>
     2994
     2995      <para>
     2996        Beside a simple export of a given virtual machine, you can
     2997        append several product information to the appliance file. Use
     2998        <computeroutput>--product</computeroutput>,
     2999        <computeroutput>--producturl</computeroutput>,
     3000        <computeroutput>--vendor</computeroutput>,
     3001        <computeroutput>--vendorurl</computeroutput>,
     3002        <computeroutput>--version</computeroutput> and
     3003        <computeroutput>--description</computeroutput> to specify this
     3004        additional information. For legal reasons you may add a license
     3005        text or the content of a license file by using the
     3006        <computeroutput>--eula</computeroutput> and
     3007        <computeroutput>--eulafile</computeroutput> option respectively.
     3008      </para>
     3009
     3010      <para>
     3011        As with OVF import, you use the <computeroutput>--vsys
     3012        X</computeroutput> option to apply these options to the correct
     3013        virtual machine.
     3014      </para>
     3015
     3016      <para>
     3017        For virtualization products which are not fully compatible with
     3018        the OVF standard 1.0 you can enable an OVF 0.9 legacy mode with
     3019        the <computeroutput>--legacy09</computeroutput> option. Other
     3020        options are <computeroutput>--ovf09</computeroutput>,
     3021        <computeroutput>--ovf10</computeroutput>,
     3022        <computeroutput>--ovf20</computeroutput>.
     3023      </para>
     3024
     3025      <para>
     3026        To specify options controlling the exact content of the
     3027        appliance file, you can use <option>--options</option> to
     3028        request the creation of a manifest file, which enables detection
     3029        of corrupted appliances on import, the additional export of DVD
     3030        images, and the exclusion of MAC addresses. You can specify a
     3031        list of options, such as <option>--options
     3032        manifest,nomacs</option>. For details, check the help output of
     3033        <command>VBoxManage export</command>.
     3034      </para>
     3035
     3036    </sect2>
     3037
     3038    <sect2 id="vboxmanage-export-cloud">
     3039
     3040      <title>Export to &oci;</title>
     3041
     3042      <para>
     3043        List the machine that you want to export to &oci; and specify
     3044        output to &oci; by using the
     3045        <computeroutput>--output</computeroutput> or
     3046        <computeroutput>-o</computeroutput> option.
     3047      </para>
     3048
     3049      <para>
     3050        To export a VM to a cloud service such as &oci;, you must use
     3051        the <option>--cloud</option> option to identify the virtual
     3052        machine that you want to export. This option works in the same
     3053        way as the <option>--vsys</option> option for OVF export.
     3054      </para>
     3055
     3056      <para>
     3057        Specify the following options. Some of these are settings for
     3058        the VM instance and require you to enter an Oracle Cloud
     3059        Identifier (OCID) for a resource. OCIDs can be viewed using the
     3060        &oci; Console.
     3061      </para>
     3062
     3063      <itemizedlist>
     3064
     3065        <listitem>
     3066          <para>
     3067            <computeroutput>--output</computeroutput>: The short name
     3068            for the cloud service you are exporting to. For &oci;, enter
     3069            <computeroutput>OCI//</computeroutput>.
     3070          </para>
     3071        </listitem>
     3072
     3073        <listitem>
     3074          <para>
     3075            <computeroutput>--cloud &lt;number of virtual
     3076            system&gt;</computeroutput>: A number identifying the VM
     3077            that you are exporting. Numbering starts at
     3078            <computeroutput>0</computeroutput> for the first VM.
     3079          </para>
     3080        </listitem>
     3081
     3082        <listitem>
     3083          <para>
     3084            <computeroutput>--vmname &lt;vnamem&gt;</computeroutput>:
     3085            The name of the VM to export. This is the name used in the
     3086            VirtualBox Manager.
     3087          </para>
     3088        </listitem>
     3089
     3090        <listitem>
     3091          <para>
     3092            <computeroutput>--cloudprofile &lt;cloud profile
     3093            name&gt;</computeroutput>: The cloud profile used for the
     3094            export. The cloud profile contains details for your &oci;
     3095            account, such as your user OCID, and the fingerprint for
     3096            your public key. See <xref linkend="ovf-export-oci"/>.
     3097          </para>
     3098        </listitem>
     3099
     3100        <listitem>
     3101          <para>
     3102            <computeroutput>--cloudshape &lt;shape&gt;</computeroutput>:
     3103            The shape used for the VM instance. This determines the
     3104            number of CPUs and the amount of memory allocated to a the
     3105            VM instance.
     3106          </para>
     3107        </listitem>
     3108
     3109        <listitem>
     3110          <para>
     3111            <computeroutput>--clouddomain
     3112            &lt;domain&gt;</computeroutput>: The availability domain
     3113            used for the VM instance. Enter the OCID for the
     3114            availability domain.
     3115          </para>
     3116        </listitem>
     3117
     3118        <listitem>
     3119          <para>
     3120            <computeroutput>--clouddisksize &lt;disk
     3121            size&gt;</computeroutput>: The disk size used for the VM
     3122            instance, in gigabytes.
     3123          </para>
     3124        </listitem>
     3125
     3126        <listitem>
     3127          <para>
     3128            <computeroutput>--cloudbucket &lt;bucket
     3129            name&gt;</computeroutput>: The bucket used to store the VM
     3130            instance. In &oci;, a bucket is a logical container for
     3131            storing objects.
     3132          </para>
     3133        </listitem>
     3134
     3135        <listitem>
     3136          <para>
     3137            <computeroutput>--cloudocivcn &lt;OCI vcn
     3138            id&gt;</computeroutput>: The virtual cloud network (VCN)
     3139            used for the VM instance. Enter the OCID for the VCN.
     3140          </para>
     3141        </listitem>
     3142
     3143        <listitem>
     3144          <para>
     3145            <computeroutput>--cloudocisubnet &lt;OCI subnet
     3146            ID&gt;</computeroutput>: The subnet of the VCN used for the
     3147            VM instance. Enter the OCID for the subnet.
     3148          </para>
     3149        </listitem>
     3150
     3151        <listitem>
     3152          <para>
     3153            <computeroutput>--cloudkeepobject
     3154            &lt;true/false&gt;</computeroutput>: Whether to store the
     3155            exported disk image in Oracle Object Storage.
     3156          </para>
     3157        </listitem>
     3158
     3159        <listitem>
     3160          <para>
     3161            <computeroutput>--cloudlaunchinstance
     3162            &lt;true/false&gt;</computeroutput>: Whether to start the VM
     3163            instance after export to &oci; has completed.
     3164          </para>
     3165        </listitem>
     3166
     3167        <listitem>
     3168          <para>
     3169            <computeroutput>--cloudpublicip
     3170            &lt;true/false&gt;</computeroutput>: Whether to enable a
     3171            public IP address for the VM instance.
     3172          </para>
     3173        </listitem>
     3174
     3175      </itemizedlist>
     3176
     3177      <para>
     3178        The following example shows a typical command line for exporting
     3179        a VM to &oci;.
     3180      </para>
     3181
     3182<screen>VBoxManage export "OCI_Export" --output OCI:// --cloud 0 --vmname OCI_export \
     3183--cloudshape VM.Standard2.1 --clouddomain abcd:US-ASHBURN-AD-1 --clouddisksize 50 \
     3184--cloudbucket test_bucket --cloudocivcn ocid1.vcn.oc1.iad.aaaa... \
     3185--cloudpublicip true --cloudprofile "standard user" --cloudocisubnet ocid1.subnet.oc1.iad.aaaa... \
     3186--cloudkeepobject true --cloudlaunchinstance true</screen>
     3187
     3188    </sect2>
    29183189
    29193190  </sect1>
     
    29253196    <para>
    29263197      This command starts a virtual machine that is currently in the
    2927       "Powered off" or "Saved" states.
     3198      Powered Off or Saved states.
    29283199    </para>
    29293200
     
    29323203      determines whether the machine will be started in a window or
    29333204      whether the output should go through
    2934       <computeroutput>VBoxHeadless</computeroutput>, with VRDE enabled
    2935       or not. See <xref linkend="vboxheadless" />. The list of types is
    2936       subject to change, and it is not guaranteed that all types are
    2937       accepted by any product variant.
     3205      <command>VBoxHeadless</command>, with VRDE enabled or not. See
     3206      <xref linkend="vboxheadless" />. The list of types is subject to
     3207      change, and it is not guaranteed that all types are accepted by
     3208      any product variant.
    29383209    </para>
    29393210
     
    29763247      <varlistentry>
    29773248        <term>
    2978           <computeroutput>sdl</computeroutput>
    2979         </term>
    2980 
    2981         <listitem>
    2982           <para>
    2983             Starts a VM with a minimal GUI and limited features.
    2984           </para>
    2985         </listitem>
    2986       </varlistentry>
    2987 
    2988       <varlistentry>
    2989         <term>
    29903249          <computeroutput>separate</computeroutput>
    29913250        </term>
     
    29933252        <listitem>
    29943253          <para>
    2995             Starts a VM with detachable UI. Technically, it is a
     3254            Starts a VM with a detachable UI. Technically, it is a
    29963255            headless VM with user interface in a separate process. This
    29973256            is an experimental feature as it lacks certain
    2998             functionality, such as 3D acceleration, at the moment.
     3257            functionality, such as 3D acceleration.
    29993258          </para>
    30003259        </listitem>
     
    30203279
    30213280    <para>
    3022       The <computeroutput>controlvm</computeroutput> subcommand allows
    3023       you to change the state of a virtual machine that is currently
    3024       running. The following can be specified:
     3281      The <command>controlvm</command> subcommand enables you to change
     3282      the state of a virtual machine that is currently running. The
     3283      following can be specified:
    30253284    </para>
    30263285
     
    30293288      <listitem>
    30303289        <para>
    3031           <computeroutput>VBoxManage controlvm &lt;vm&gt;
    3032           pause</computeroutput> temporarily puts a virtual machine on
    3033           hold, without changing its state for good. The VM window will
    3034           be painted in gray to indicate that the VM is currently
    3035           paused. This is equivalent to selecting the "Pause" item in
    3036           the "Machine" menu of the GUI.
    3037         </para>
    3038       </listitem>
    3039 
    3040       <listitem>
    3041         <para>
    3042           Use <computeroutput>VBoxManage controlvm &lt;vm&gt;
    3043           resume</computeroutput> to undo a previous
    3044           <computeroutput>pause</computeroutput> command. This is
    3045           equivalent to selecting the "Resume" item in the "Machine"
    3046           menu of the GUI.
    3047         </para>
    3048       </listitem>
    3049 
    3050       <listitem>
    3051         <para>
    3052           <computeroutput>VBoxManage controlvm &lt;vm&gt;
    3053           reset</computeroutput> has the same effect on a virtual
    3054           machine as pressing the "Reset" button on a real computer: a
    3055           cold reboot of the virtual machine, which will restart and
    3056           boot the guest operating system again immediately. The state
    3057           of the VM is not saved beforehand, and data may be lost. This
    3058           is equivalent to selecting the "Reset" item in the "Machine"
    3059           menu of the GUI.
    3060         </para>
    3061       </listitem>
    3062 
    3063       <listitem>
    3064         <para>
    3065           <computeroutput>VBoxManage controlvm &lt;vm&gt;
    3066           poweroff</computeroutput> has the same effect on a virtual
    3067           machine as pulling the power cable on a real computer. Again,
    3068           the state of the VM is not saved beforehand, and data may be
    3069           lost. This is equivalent to selecting the "Close" item in the
    3070           "Machine" menu of the GUI or pressing the window's close
    3071           button, and then selecting "Power off the machine" in the
    3072           dialog.
    3073         </para>
    3074 
    3075         <para>
    3076           After this, the VM's state will be "Powered off". From there,
    3077           it can be started again. See
     3290          <command>VBoxManage controlvm &lt;vm&gt; pause</command>:
     3291          Temporarily puts a virtual machine on hold, without
     3292          permanently changing its state. The VM window is gray, to
     3293          indicate that the VM is currently paused. This is equivalent
     3294          to selecting the <emphasis role="bold">Pause</emphasis> item
     3295          in the <emphasis role="bold">Machine</emphasis> menu of the
     3296          GUI.
     3297        </para>
     3298      </listitem>
     3299
     3300      <listitem>
     3301        <para>
     3302          Use <command>VBoxManage controlvm &lt;vm&gt; resume</command>:
     3303          Undoes a previous <command>pause</command> command. This is
     3304          equivalent to selecting the
     3305          <emphasis role="bold">Resume</emphasis> item in the
     3306          <emphasis role="bold">Machine</emphasis> menu of the GUI.
     3307        </para>
     3308      </listitem>
     3309
     3310      <listitem>
     3311        <para>
     3312          <command>VBoxManage controlvm &lt;vm&gt; reset</command>: Has
     3313          the same effect on a virtual machine as pressing the Reset
     3314          button on a real computer. A cold reboot of the virtual
     3315          machine is done, which immediately restarts and reboots the
     3316          guest operating system. The state of the VM is not saved
     3317          beforehand, and data may be lost. This is equivalent to
     3318          selecting the <emphasis role="bold">Reset</emphasis> item in
     3319          the <emphasis role="bold">Machine</emphasis> menu of the GUI.
     3320        </para>
     3321      </listitem>
     3322
     3323      <listitem>
     3324        <para>
     3325          <command>VBoxManage controlvm &lt;vm&gt; poweroff</command>:
     3326          Has the same effect on a virtual machine as pulling the power
     3327          cable on a real computer. The state of the VM is not saved
     3328          beforehand, and data may be lost. This is equivalent to
     3329          selecting the <emphasis role="bold">Close</emphasis> item in
     3330          the <emphasis role="bold">Machine</emphasis> menu of the GUI,
     3331          or clicking the VM window's close button, and then selecting
     3332          <emphasis role="bold">Power Off the Machine</emphasis> in the
     3333          displayed dialog.
     3334        </para>
     3335
     3336        <para>
     3337          After this, the VM's state will be Powered Off. From that
     3338          state, it can be started again. See
    30783339          <xref
    30793340          linkend="vboxmanage-startvm" />.
     
    30833344      <listitem>
    30843345        <para>
    3085           <computeroutput>VBoxManage controlvm &lt;vm&gt;
    3086           savestate</computeroutput> will save the current state of the
    3087           VM to disk and then stop the VM. This is equivalent to
    3088           selecting the "Close" item in the "Machine" menu of the GUI or
    3089           pressing the window's close button, and then selecting "Save
    3090           the machine state" in the dialog.
    3091         </para>
    3092 
    3093         <para>
    3094           After this, the VM's state will be "Saved". From there, it can
    3095           be started again. See <xref linkend="vboxmanage-startvm" />.
    3096         </para>
    3097       </listitem>
    3098 
    3099       <listitem>
    3100         <para>
    3101           <computeroutput>VBoxManage controlvm &lt;vm&gt;
    3102           acpipowerbutton</computeroutput> will send an ACPI shutdown
    3103           signal to the VM, as if the power button on a real computer
    3104           had been pressed. So long as the VM is running a fairly modern
    3105           guest operating system providing ACPI support, this should
    3106           trigger a proper shutdown mechanism from within the VM.
    3107         </para>
    3108       </listitem>
    3109 
    3110       <listitem>
    3111         <para>
    3112           <computeroutput>VBoxManage controlvm &lt;vm&gt;
    3113           keyboardputscancode &lt;hex&gt;
    3114           [&lt;hex&gt;...]</computeroutput> Sends commands using
     3346          <command>VBoxManage controlvm &lt;vm&gt; savestate</command>:
     3347          Saves the current state of the VM to disk and then stops the
     3348          VM. This is equivalent to selecting the
     3349          <emphasis role="bold">Close</emphasis> item in the
     3350          <emphasis role="bold">Machine</emphasis> menu of the GUI or
     3351          clicking the VM window's close button, and then selecting
     3352          <emphasis role="bold">Save the Machine State</emphasis> in the
     3353          displayed dialog.
     3354        </para>
     3355
     3356        <para>
     3357          After this, the VM's state will be Saved. From this state, it
     3358          can be started again. See
     3359          <xref linkend="vboxmanage-startvm" />.
     3360        </para>
     3361      </listitem>
     3362
     3363      <listitem>
     3364        <para>
     3365          <command>VBoxManage controlvm &lt;vm&gt;
     3366          acpipowerbutton</command>: Sends an ACPI shutdown signal to
     3367          the VM, as if the power button on a real computer had been
     3368          pressed. So long as the VM is running a fairly modern guest
     3369          operating system providing ACPI support, this should trigger a
     3370          proper shutdown mechanism from within the VM.
     3371        </para>
     3372      </listitem>
     3373
     3374      <listitem>
     3375        <para>
     3376          <command>VBoxManage controlvm &lt;vm&gt; keyboardputscancode
     3377          &lt;hex&gt; [&lt;hex&gt;...]</command>: Sends commands using
    31153378          keycodes to the VM. Keycodes are documented in the public
    3116           domain, e.g.
     3379          domain. For example:
    31173380          http://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/linux/kbd/scancodes-1.html.
    31183381        </para>
     
    31213384      <listitem>
    31223385        <para>
    3123           <computeroutput>VBoxManage controlvm "VM name" teleport
    3124           --hostname &lt;name&gt; --port &lt;port&gt; [--passwordfile
    3125           &lt;file&gt; | --password &lt;password&gt;]</computeroutput>
    3126           makes the machine the source of a teleporting operation and
    3127           initiates a teleport to the given target. See
    3128           <xref linkend="teleporting" /> for an introduction. If the
    3129           optional password is specified, it must match the password
    3130           that was given to the
    3131           <computeroutput>modifyvm</computeroutput> command for the
    3132           target machine. See
     3386          <command>VBoxManage controlvm "VM name" teleport --hostname
     3387          &lt;name&gt; --port &lt;port&gt; [--passwordfile &lt;file&gt;
     3388          | --password &lt;password&gt;]</command>: Makes the machine
     3389          the source of a teleporting operation and initiates a teleport
     3390          to the given target. See <xref linkend="teleporting" />. If
     3391          the optional password is specified, it must match the password
     3392          that was given to the <command>modifyvm</command> command for
     3393          the target machine. See
    31333394          <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm-teleport" />.
    31343395        </para>
     
    31383399
    31393400    <para>
    3140       A few extra options are available with
    3141       <computeroutput>controlvm</computeroutput> that do not directly
    3142       affect the VM's running state:
     3401      The following extra options are available with
     3402      <command>controlvm</command> that do not directly affect the VM's
     3403      running state:
    31433404    </para>
    31443405
     
    31473408      <listitem>
    31483409        <para>
    3149           The <computeroutput>setlinkstate&lt;1-N&gt;</computeroutput>
    3150           operation connects or disconnects virtual network cables from
    3151           their network interfaces.
     3410          <computeroutput>setlinkstate&lt;1-N&gt;</computeroutput>:
     3411          Connects or disconnects virtual network cables from their
     3412          network interfaces.
    31523413        </para>
    31533414      </listitem>
     
    31573418          <computeroutput>nic&lt;1-N&gt;
    31583419          null|nat|bridged|intnet|hostonly|generic|natnetwork[&lt;devicename&gt;]</computeroutput>:
    3159           specifies the type of networking that should be made available
    3160           on the specified VM virtual network card. They can be: not
    3161           connected to the host (<computeroutput>null</computeroutput>),
    3162           use network address translation
    3163           (<computeroutput>nat</computeroutput>), bridged networking
    3164           (<computeroutput>bridged</computeroutput>) or communicate with
    3165           other virtual machines using internal networking
    3166           (<computeroutput>intnet</computeroutput>) or host-only
    3167           networking (<computeroutput>hostonly</computeroutput>) or
    3168           natnetwork networking
    3169           (<computeroutput>natnetwork</computeroutput>) or access to
    3170           rarely used sub-modes
     3420          Specifies the type of networking that should be made available
     3421          on the specified VM virtual network card. They available types
     3422          are: not connected to the host
     3423          (<computeroutput>null</computeroutput>), use network address
     3424          translation (<computeroutput>nat</computeroutput>), bridged
     3425          networking (<computeroutput>bridged</computeroutput>),
     3426          communicate with other virtual machines using internal
     3427          networking (<computeroutput>intnet</computeroutput>),
     3428          host-only networking
     3429          (<computeroutput>hostonly</computeroutput>), natnetwork
     3430          networking (<computeroutput>natnetwork</computeroutput>), or
     3431          access to rarely used submodes
    31713432          (<computeroutput>generic</computeroutput>). These options
    31723433          correspond to the modes which are described in detail in
     
    31783439      <listitem>
    31793440        <para>
    3180           With the "nictrace" options, you can optionally trace network
    3181           traffic by dumping it to a file, for debugging purposes.
    3182         </para>
    3183 
    3184         <para>
    3185           With <computeroutput>nictrace&lt;1-N&gt;
    3186           on|off</computeroutput>, you can enable network tracing for a
    3187           particular virtual network card.
     3441          With the <computeroutput>nictrace</computeroutput> options,
     3442          you can optionally trace network traffic by dumping it to a
     3443          file, for debugging purposes.
     3444        </para>
     3445
     3446        <para>
     3447          <computeroutput>nictrace&lt;1-N&gt; on|off</computeroutput>:
     3448          Enables network tracing for a particular virtual network card.
    31883449        </para>
    31893450
     
    31993460        <para>
    32003461          <computeroutput>nicpromisc&lt;1-N&gt;
    3201           deny|allow-vms|allow-all</computeroutput>: This specifies how
    3202           the promiscious mode is handled for the specified VM virtual
     3462          deny|allow-vms|allow-all</computeroutput>: Specifies how the
     3463          promiscious mode is handled for the specified VM virtual
    32033464          network card. This setting is only relevant for bridged
    3204           networking. <computeroutput>deny</computeroutput> (default
    3205           setting) hides any traffic not intended for this VM.
     3465          networking. The default setting of
     3466          <computeroutput>deny</computeroutput> hides any traffic not
     3467          intended for this VM.
    32063468          <computeroutput>allow-vms</computeroutput> hides all host
    3207           traffic from this VM but allows the VM to see traffic from/to
    3208           other VMs. <computeroutput>allow-all</computeroutput> removes
    3209           this restriction completely.
     3469          traffic from this VM but enables the VM to see traffic to and
     3470          from other VMs. <computeroutput>allow-all</computeroutput>
     3471          removes this restriction completely.
    32103472        </para>
    32113473      </listitem>
     
    32153477          <computeroutput>nicproperty&lt;1-N&gt;
    32163478          &lt;paramname&gt;="paramvalue"</computeroutput>: This option,
    3217           in combination with "nicgenericdrv" enables you to pass
    3218           parameters to rarely-used network backends.
     3479          in combination with <computeroutput>nicgenericdrv
     3480          </computeroutput>enables you to pass parameters to rarely-used
     3481          network backends.
    32193482        </para>
    32203483
    32213484        <para>
    32223485          Those parameters are backend engine-specific, and are
    3223           different between UDP Tunnel and the VDE backend drivers. For
    3224           example, please see <xref linkend="network_udp_tunnel" />.
     3486          different between UDP Tunnel and the VDE backend drivers. See
     3487          <xref linkend="network_udp_tunnel" />.
    32253488        </para>
    32263489      </listitem>
     
    32303493          <computeroutput>natpf&lt;1-N&gt;
    32313494          [&lt;name&gt;],tcp|udp,[&lt;hostip&gt;],&lt;hostport&gt;,[&lt;guestip&gt;],
    3232           &lt;guestport&gt;</computeroutput>: This option specifies a
    3233           NAT port-forwarding rule. See <xref linkend="natforward"/>.
     3495          &lt;guestport&gt;</computeroutput>: Specifies a NAT
     3496          port-forwarding rule. See <xref linkend="natforward"/>.
    32343497        </para>
    32353498      </listitem>
     
    32383501        <para>
    32393502          <computeroutput>natpf&lt;1-N&gt; delete
    3240           &lt;name&gt;</computeroutput>: This option deletes a NAT
    3241           port-forwarding rule. See <xref linkend="natforward"/>.
     3503          &lt;name&gt;</computeroutput>: Deletes a NAT port-forwarding
     3504          rule. See <xref linkend="natforward"/>.
    32423505        </para>
    32433506      </listitem>
     
    32463509        <para>
    32473510          The <computeroutput>guestmemoryballoon&lt;balloon size in
    3248           MB&gt;</computeroutput> operation changes the size of the
    3249           guest memory balloon, that is, memory allocated by the
    3250           VirtualBox Guest Additions from the guest operating system and
    3251           returned to the hypervisor for re-use by other virtual
    3252           machines. This must be specified in megabytes. See
     3511          MB&gt;</computeroutput>: Changes the size of the guest memory
     3512          balloon. This is the memory allocated by the &product-name;
     3513          Guest Additions from the guest operating system and returned
     3514          to the hypervisor for reuse by other virtual machines. This
     3515          must be specified in megabytes. See
    32533516          <xref linkend="guestadd-balloon" />.
    32543517        </para>
     
    32633526        <para>
    32643527          and <computeroutput>usbdetach &lt;uuid|address&gt;
    3265           [--capturefile &lt;filename&gt;]</computeroutput> make host
    3266           USB devices visible/invisible to the virtual machine on the
     3528          [--capturefile &lt;filename&gt;]</computeroutput>: Makes host
     3529          USB devices visible or invisible to the virtual machine on the
    32673530          fly, without the need for creating filters first. The USB
    32683531          devices can be specified by UUID (unique identifier) or by
    3269           address on the host system. Use the --capturefile option to
     3532          address on the host system. Use the
     3533          <computeroutput>--capturefile</computeroutput> option to
    32703534          specify the absolute path of a file for writing activity
    32713535          logging data.
     
    32733537
    32743538        <para>
    3275           You can use <computeroutput>VBoxManage list
    3276           usbhost</computeroutput> to locate this information.
    3277         </para>
    3278       </listitem>
    3279 
    3280       <listitem>
    3281         <para>
    3282           <computeroutput>audioin on</computeroutput>: With this
    3283           setting, you can select whether capturing audio from the host
    3284           is enabled or disabled.
    3285         </para>
    3286       </listitem>
    3287 
    3288       <listitem>
    3289         <para>
    3290           <computeroutput>audioout on</computeroutput>: With this
    3291           setting, you can select whether audio playback from the guest
    3292           is enabled or disabled.
     3539          You can use <command>VBoxManage list usbhost</command> to
     3540          locate this information.
     3541        </para>
     3542      </listitem>
     3543
     3544      <listitem>
     3545        <para>
     3546          <computeroutput>audioin on</computeroutput>: Selects whether
     3547          capturing audio from the host is enabled or disabled.
     3548        </para>
     3549      </listitem>
     3550
     3551      <listitem>
     3552        <para>
     3553          <computeroutput>audioout on</computeroutput>: Selects whether
     3554          audio playback from the guest is enabled or disabled.
    32933555        </para>
    32943556      </listitem>
     
    32983560          <computeroutput>clipboard
    32993561          disabled|hosttoguest|guesttohost|bidirectional</computeroutput>:
    3300           With this setting, you can select if and how the guest or host
    3301           operating system's clipboard should be shared with the host or
    3302           guest. See <xref linkend="generalsettings" />. This requires
    3303           that the Guest Additions be installed in the virtual machine.
     3562          Selects how the guest or host operating system's clipboard
     3563          should be shared with the host or guest. See
     3564          <xref linkend="generalsettings" />. This requires that the
     3565          Guest Additions be installed in the virtual machine.
    33043566        </para>
    33053567      </listitem>
     
    33093571          <computeroutput>draganddrop
    33103572          disabled|hosttoguest|guesttohost|bidirectional</computeroutput>:
    3311           With this setting, you can select the current drag and drop
    3312           mode being used between the host and the virtual machine. See
     3573          Selects the current drag and drop mode being used between the
     3574          host and the virtual machine. See
    33133575          <xref linkend="guestadd-dnd" />. This requires that the Guest
    33143576          Additions be installed in the virtual machine.
     
    33183580      <listitem>
    33193581        <para>
    3320           <computeroutput>vrde on|off</computeroutput> lets you enable
    3321           or disable the VRDE server, if it is installed.
     3582          <computeroutput>vrde on|off</computeroutput>: Enables and
     3583          disables the VRDE server, if it is installed.
    33223584        </para>
    33233585      </listitem>
     
    33263588        <para>
    33273589          <computeroutput>vrdeport
    3328           default|&lt;ports&gt;</computeroutput> changes the port or a
    3329           range of ports that the VRDE server can bind to; "default" or
    3330           "0" means port 3389, the standard port for RDP. See the
    3331           description for the
     3590          default|&lt;ports&gt;</computeroutput>: Changes the port or a
     3591          range of ports that the VRDE server can bind to.
     3592          <computeroutput>default</computeroutput> or
     3593          <computeroutput>0</computeroutput> means port 3389, the
     3594          standard port for RDP. See the description for the
    33323595          <computeroutput>--vrdeport</computeroutput> option in
    33333596          <xref
     
    33393602        <para>
    33403603          <computeroutput>vrdeproperty
    3341           "TCP/Ports|Address=&lt;value&gt;"</computeroutput> sets the
    3342           port number(s) and IP address on the VM to which the VRDE
    3343           server can bind.
     3604          "TCP/Ports|Address=&lt;value&gt;"</computeroutput>: Sets the
     3605          port numbers and IP address on the VM to which the VRDE server
     3606          can bind.
    33443607        </para>
    33453608
     
    33493612            <para>
    33503613              For TCP/Ports, &lt;value&gt; should be a port or a range
    3351               of ports to which the VRDE server can bind; "default" or
    3352               "0" means port 3389, the standard port for RDP. See the
    3353               description for the
     3614              of ports to which the VRDE server can bind.
     3615              <computeroutput>default</computeroutput> or
     3616              <computeroutput>0</computeroutput> means port 3389, the
     3617              standard port for RDP. See the description for the
    33543618              <computeroutput>--vrdeport</computeroutput> option in
    33553619              <xref
     
    33603624          <listitem>
    33613625            <para>
    3362               For TCP/Address, &lt;value&gt; should be the IP address of
    3363               the host network interface that the VRDE server will bind
    3364               to. If specified, the server will accept connections only
    3365               on the specified host network interface. See the
    3366               description for the
    3367               <computeroutput>--vrdeaddress</computeroutput> option in
     3626              For TCP/Address, &lt;value&gt;: The IP address of the host
     3627              network interface that the VRDE server will bind to. If
     3628              specified, the server will accept connections only on the
     3629              specified host network interface. See the description for
     3630              the <computeroutput>--vrdeaddress</computeroutput> option
     3631              in
    33683632              <xref
    33693633            linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm-vrde" />.
     
    33773641        <para>
    33783642          <computeroutput>vrdeproperty
    3379           "VideoChannel/Enabled|Quality|DownscaleProtection=&lt;value&gt;"</computeroutput>
    3380           sets the VRDP video redirection properties.
     3643          "VideoChannel/Enabled|Quality|DownscaleProtection=&lt;value&gt;"</computeroutput>:
     3644          Sets the VRDP video redirection properties.
    33813645        </para>
    33823646
     
    33963660              between 10 and 100% inclusive, representing a JPEG
    33973661              compression level on the VRDE server video channel. Lower
    3398               values mean lower quality but higher compression. For
    3399               details, see <xref linkend="vrde-videochannel" />.
     3662              values mean lower quality but higher compression. See
     3663              <xref linkend="vrde-videochannel" />.
    34003664            </para>
    34013665          </listitem>
     
    34073671              feature. When enabled, if a video's size equals the shadow
    34083672              buffer size, then it is regarded as a full screen video,
    3409               and is displayed; but if its size is between fullscreen
    3410               and the downscale threshold - it is NOT displayed, as it
    3411               could be an application window, which would be unreadable
    3412               when downscaled. When the downscale protection feature is
     3673              and is displayed. If its size is between fullscreen and
     3674              the downscale threshold it is not displayed, as it could
     3675              be an application window, which would be unreadable when
     3676              downscaled. When the downscale protection feature is
    34133677              disabled, an attempt is always made to display videos.
    34143678            </para>
     
    34213685        <para>
    34223686          <computeroutput>vrdeproperty
    3423           "Client/DisableDisplay|DisableInput|DisableAudio|DisableUSB=1"</computeroutput>
    3424         </para>
    3425 
    3426         <para>
    3427           disables one of the VRDE server features: Display, Input,
    3428           Audio or USB respectively. To reenable a feature, use
     3687          "Client/DisableDisplay|DisableInput|DisableAudio|DisableUSB=1"</computeroutput>:
     3688          Disables one of the VRDE server features: Display, Input,
     3689          Audio, or USB. To reenable a feature, use
    34293690          "Client/DisableDisplay=" for example. See
    34303691          <xref linkend="vrde-customization" />.
     
    34353696        <para>
    34363697          <computeroutput>vrdeproperty
    3437           "Client/DisableClipboard|DisableUpstreamAudio=1"</computeroutput>
    3438         </para>
    3439 
    3440         <para>
    3441           disables one of the VRDE server features: Clipboard or
    3442           UpstreamAudio respectively. To reenable a feature, use
     3698          "Client/DisableClipboard|DisableUpstreamAudio=1"</computeroutput>.
     3699          Disables one of the VRDE server features: Clipboard or
     3700          UpstreamAudio. To reenable a feature, use
    34433701          "Client/DisableClipboard=" for example. See
    34443702          <xref linkend="vrde-customization" />.
     
    34493707        <para>
    34503708          <computeroutput>vrdeproperty
    3451           "Client/DisableRDPDR=1"</computeroutput>
    3452         </para>
    3453 
    3454         <para>
    3455           disables the VRDE server feature: RDP device redirection for
    3456           smart cards. To reenable this feature, use
    3457           "Client/DisableRDPR=".
     3709          "Client/DisableRDPDR=1"</computeroutput>: Disables the VRDE
     3710          server feature: RDP device redirection for smart cards. To
     3711          reenable this feature, use "Client/DisableRDPR=".
    34583712        </para>
    34593713      </listitem>
     
    34623716        <para>
    34633717          <computeroutput>vrdeproperty
    3464           "H3DRedirect/Enabled=1"</computeroutput>
    3465         </para>
    3466 
    3467         <para>
    3468           enables the VRDE server feature: 3D redirection. To disable
    3469           this feature, use "H3DRedirect/Enabled=".
     3718          "H3DRedirect/Enabled=1"</computeroutput>: Enables the VRDE
     3719          server feature: 3D redirection. To disable this feature, use
     3720          "H3DRedirect/Enabled=".
    34703721        </para>
    34713722      </listitem>
     
    34743725        <para>
    34753726          <computeroutput>vrdeproperty
    3476           "Security/Method|ServerCertificate|ServerPrivateKey|CACertificate=&lt;value&gt;"</computeroutput>
    3477           sets the desired security method/Path of server certificate,
    3478           path of server private key, path of CA certificate, used for a
    3479           connection.
     3727          "Security/Method|ServerCertificate|ServerPrivateKey|CACertificate=&lt;value&gt;"</computeroutput>:
     3728          Sets the desired security method, path of the server
     3729          certificate, path of the server private key, and path of CA
     3730          certificate, used for a connection.
    34803731        </para>
    34813732
     
    34853736            <para>
    34863737              <computeroutput>vrdeproperty
    3487               "Security/Method=&lt;value&gt;"</computeroutput> sets the
     3738              "Security/Method=&lt;value&gt;"</computeroutput>: Sets the
    34883739              desired security method, which is used for a connection.
    3489               Valid values are:
     3740              Valid values are as follows:
    34903741            </para>
    34913742
     
    34943745              <listitem>
    34953746                <para>
    3496                   <computeroutput>Negotiate</computeroutput> - both
     3747                  <computeroutput>Negotiate</computeroutput>: Both
    34973748                  Enhanced (TLS) and Standard RDP Security connections
    34983749                  are allowed. The security method is negotiated with
     
    35033754              <listitem>
    35043755                <para>
    3505                   <computeroutput>RDP</computeroutput> - only Standard
     3756                  <computeroutput>RDP</computeroutput>: Only Standard
    35063757                  RDP Security is accepted.
    35073758                </para>
     
    35103761              <listitem>
    35113762                <para>
    3512                   <computeroutput>TLS</computeroutput> - only Enhanced
     3763                  <computeroutput>TLS</computeroutput>: Only Enhanced
    35133764                  RDP Security is accepted. The client must support TLS.
    35143765                </para>
     
    35553806        <para>
    35563807          <computeroutput>vrdeproperty
    3557           "Audio/RateCorrectionMode|LogPath=&lt;value&gt;"</computeroutput>
    3558           sets the Audio connection mode, or Path of the audio logfile.
     3808          "Audio/RateCorrectionMode|LogPath=&lt;value&gt;"</computeroutput>:
     3809          Sets the audio connection mode, or path of the audio logfile.
    35593810        </para>
    35603811
     
    35733824              <listitem>
    35743825                <para>
    3575                   <computeroutput>VRDP_AUDIO_MODE_VOID</computeroutput>
    3576                   - no mode specified, use to unset any Audio mode
    3577                   already set.
     3826                  <computeroutput>VRDP_AUDIO_MODE_VOID</computeroutput>:
     3827                  No mode specified, use to unset any Audio mode already
     3828                  set.
    35783829                </para>
    35793830              </listitem>
     
    35813832              <listitem>
    35823833                <para>
    3583                   <computeroutput>VRDP_AUDIO_MODE_RC</computeroutput> -
    3584                   rate correction mode.
     3834                  <computeroutput>VRDP_AUDIO_MODE_RC</computeroutput>:
     3835                  Rate correction mode.
    35853836                </para>
    35863837              </listitem>
     
    35883839              <listitem>
    35893840                <para>
    3590                   <computeroutput>VRDP_AUDIO_MODE_LPF</computeroutput> -
    3591                   low pass filter mode.
     3841                  <computeroutput>VRDP_AUDIO_MODE_LPF</computeroutput>:
     3842                  Low pass filter mode.
    35923843                </para>
    35933844              </listitem>
     
    35953846              <listitem>
    35963847                <para>
    3597                   <computeroutput>VRDP_AUDIO_MODE_CS</computeroutput> -
    3598                   client sync mode to prevent under/overflow of the
    3599                   client queue.
     3848                  <computeroutput>VRDP_AUDIO_MODE_CS</computeroutput>:
     3849                  Client sync mode to prevent underflow or overflow of
     3850                  the client queue.
    36003851                </para>
    36013852              </listitem>
     
    36083859              <computeroutput>vrdeproperty
    36093860              "Audio/LogPath=&lt;value&gt;"</computeroutput> where
    3610               &lt;value&gt; is the absolute path of the Audio log file.
     3861              &lt;value&gt; is the absolute path of the audio log file.
    36113862            </para>
    36123863          </listitem>
     
    36203871          &lt;percent&gt;</computeroutput>: Sets the image quality for
    36213872          video redirection. See
    3622           <xref
     3873          <xref 
    36233874        linkend="vrde-videochannel" />.
    36243875        </para>
     
    36273878      <listitem>
    36283879        <para>
    3629           <computeroutput>setvideomodehint</computeroutput> requests
     3880          <computeroutput>setvideomodehint</computeroutput>: Requests
    36303881          that the guest system change to a particular video mode. This
    36313882          requires that the Guest Additions be installed, and will not
     
    36363887      <listitem>
    36373888        <para>
    3638           <computeroutput>screenshotpng</computeroutput> takes a
     3889          <computeroutput>screenshotpng</computeroutput>: Takes a
    36393890          screenshot of the guest display and saves it in PNG format.
    36403891        </para>
     
    36433894      <listitem>
    36443895        <para>
    3645           <computeroutput>record on|off</computeroutput> enables or
    3646           disables recording a VM session into a WebM/VP8 file.
    3647         </para>
    3648       </listitem>
    3649 
    3650       <listitem>
    3651         <para>
    3652           <computeroutput>recordscreens all|&lt;screen ID&gt;
    3653           [&lt;screen ID&gt; ...]]</computeroutput> allows to specify
    3654           which screens of the VM are being recorded. This setting
    3655           cannot be changed while recording is enabled. Each
    3656           screen is recorded into a separate file.
    3657         </para>
    3658       </listitem>
    3659 
    3660       <listitem>
    3661         <para>
    3662           <computeroutput>recordfile &lt;file&gt;</computeroutput>
    3663           sets the filename VirtualBox uses to save the recorded
    3664           content. This setting cannot be changed while recording
     3896          <computeroutput>recording on|off</computeroutput> enables or
     3897          disables the recording of a VM session into a WebM/VP8 file.
     3898          When this option value is <computeroutput>on</computeroutput>,
     3899          recording begins when the VM session starts.
     3900        </para>
     3901      </listitem>
     3902
     3903      <listitem>
     3904        <para>
     3905          <computeroutput>recordingscreens
     3906          all|<replaceable>screen-ID</replaceable>
     3907          [<replaceable>screen-ID</replaceable> ...]</computeroutput>
     3908          enables you to specify which VM screens to record. The
     3909          recording for each screen that you specify is saved to its own
     3910          file. You cannot modify this setting while recording is
     3911          enabled.
     3912        </para>
     3913      </listitem>
     3914
     3915      <listitem>
     3916        <para>
     3917          <computeroutput>recordingfile
     3918          <replaceable>filename</replaceable></computeroutput> specifies
     3919          the file in which to save the recording. You cannot modify
     3920          this setting while recording is enabled.
     3921        </para>
     3922      </listitem>
     3923
     3924      <listitem>
     3925        <para>
     3926          <computeroutput>recordingvideores
     3927          <replaceable>width</replaceable>x<replaceable>height</replaceable></computeroutput>
     3928          specifies the resolution of the recorded video in pixels. You
     3929          cannot modify this setting while recording is enabled.
     3930        </para>
     3931      </listitem>
     3932
     3933      <listitem>
     3934<!-- @todo r=andy Clarify rate. -->
     3935
     3936        <para>
     3937          <computeroutput>recordingvideorate
     3938          <replaceable>bit-rate</replaceable></computeroutput> specifies
     3939          the bit rate of the video in kilobits per second. Increasing
     3940          this value improves the appearance of the video at the cost of
     3941          an increased file size. You cannot modify this setting while
     3942          recording is enabled.
     3943        </para>
     3944      </listitem>
     3945
     3946      <listitem>
     3947        <para>
     3948          <computeroutput>recordingvideofps
     3949          <replaceable>fps</replaceable></computeroutput> specifies the
     3950          maximum number of video frames per second (FPS) to record.
     3951          Frames that have a higher frequency are skipped. Increasing
     3952          this value reduces the number of skipped frames and increases
     3953          the file size. You cannot modify this setting while recording
    36653954          is enabled.
    36663955        </para>
     
    36683957
    36693958      <listitem>
    3670         <para>
    3671           <computeroutput>recordvideores &lt;width&gt;
    3672           &lt;height&gt;</computeroutput> sets the resolution (in
    3673           pixels) of the recorded video. This setting cannot be changed
    3674           while recording is enabled.
    3675         </para>
    3676       </listitem>
    3677 
    3678       <listitem>
    3679         <para>
    3680           <computeroutput>recordvideorate &lt;rate&gt;</computeroutput>
    3681           sets the bitrate in kilobits (kb) per second. Increasing this
    3682           value makes the video look better for the cost of an increased
    3683           file size. This setting cannot be changed while recording is enabled.
    3684         </para>
    3685       </listitem>
    3686 
    3687       <listitem>
    3688         <para>
    3689           <computeroutput>recordvideofps &lt;fps&gt;</computeroutput> sets
    3690           the maximum number of frames per second (FPS) to be recorded.
    3691           Frames with a higher frequency will be skipped. Reducing this
    3692           value increases the number of skipped frames and reduces the
    3693           file size. This setting cannot be changed while recording is enabled.
    3694         </para>
    3695       </listitem>
    3696 
    3697       <listitem>
    3698         <para>
    3699           <computeroutput>recordmaxtime &lt;ms&gt;</computeroutput>
    3700           sets the maximum time in milliseconds the recording will
    3701           be enabled since activation. The recording stops when the
    3702           defined time interval has elapsed. If this value is zero the
    3703           recording is not limited by time. This setting cannot be
    3704           changed while recording is enabled.
    3705         </para>
    3706       </listitem>
    3707 
    3708       <listitem>
    3709         <para>
    3710           <computeroutput>recordmaxsize &lt;MB&gt;</computeroutput>
    3711           limits the maximum size of the recorded file, in MB. The
    3712           recording stops when the file size has reached the specified
    3713           size. If this value is zero the recording will not be limited
    3714           by file size. This setting cannot be changed while recording
    3715           is enabled.
    3716         </para>
    3717       </listitem>
    3718 
    3719       <listitem>
    3720         <para>
    3721           <computeroutput>recordopts
    3722           &lt;key=value&gt;[,&lt;key=value&gt; ...]</computeroutput> can
    3723           be used to specify additional recording options. These
    3724           options only are for advanced users and must be specified in a
    3725           comma-separated key=value format, e.g.
    3726           <computeroutput>foo=bar,a=b</computeroutput>. This setting
    3727           cannot be changed while recording is enabled.
    3728         </para>
    3729       </listitem>
    3730 
    3731       <listitem>
    3732         <para>
    3733           The <computeroutput>setcredentials</computeroutput> operation
    3734           is used for remote logons in Windows guests. See
     3959<!-- @todo r=andy Clarify time format. -->
     3960
     3961        <para>
     3962          <computeroutput>recordingmaxtime
     3963          <replaceable>seconds</replaceable></computeroutput> specifies
     3964          the maximum amount time to record in seconds. The recording
     3965          stops after the specified number of seconds elapses. If this
     3966          value is zero, the recording continues until you stop the
     3967          recording.
     3968        </para>
     3969      </listitem>
     3970
     3971      <listitem>
     3972        <para>
     3973          <computeroutput>recordingmaxsize
     3974          <replaceable>MB</replaceable></computeroutput> specifies the
     3975          maximum size of the recorded video file in megabytes. The
     3976          recording stops when the file reaches the specified size. If
     3977          this value is zero, the recording continues until you stop the
     3978          recording. You cannot modify this setting while recording is
     3979          enabled.
     3980        </para>
     3981      </listitem>
     3982
     3983      <listitem>
     3984        <para>
     3985          <computeroutput>recordingopts
     3986          <replaceable>keyword</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable>[,<replaceable>keyword</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable>
     3987          ...]</computeroutput> specifies additional recording options
     3988          in a comma-separated keyword-value format. For example,
     3989          <computeroutput>foo=bar,a=b</computeroutput>. You cannot
     3990          modify this setting while recording is enabled.
     3991        </para>
     3992
     3993        <para>
     3994          Only use this option only if you are an advanced user. For
     3995          information about keywords, see <emphasis>Oracle VM VirtualBox
     3996          Programming Guide and Reference</emphasis>.
     3997        </para>
     3998      </listitem>
     3999
     4000      <listitem>
     4001        <para>
     4002          <computeroutput>setcredentials</computeroutput>: Used for
     4003          remote logins on Windows guests. See
    37354004          <xref linkend="autologon" />.
    37364005        </para>
     
    37404009        <para>
    37414010          <computeroutput>teleport --host &lt;name&gt; --port
    3742           &lt;port&gt;</computeroutput> can be used to configure a VM as
    3743           a target for teleporting. &lt;name&gt; specifies the virtual
    3744           machine name. &lt;port&gt; specifies the port on the virtual
    3745           machine which should listen for teleporting requests from
    3746           other virtual machines. It can be any free TCP/IP port number,
    3747           such as 6000. See <xref linkend="teleporting" />.
     4011          &lt;port&gt;</computeroutput>: Configures a VM as a target for
     4012          teleporting. &lt;name&gt; specifies the virtual machine name.
     4013          &lt;port&gt; specifies the port on the virtual machine which
     4014          should listen for teleporting requests from other virtual
     4015          machines. It can be any free TCP/IP port number, such as 6000.
     4016          See <xref linkend="teleporting" />.
    37484017        </para>
    37494018
     
    37534022            <para>
    37544023              <computeroutput>--maxdowntime
    3755               &lt;msec&gt;</computeroutput>: specifies the maximum
    3756               downtime (milliseconds) for the teleporting target VM.
     4024              &lt;msec&gt;</computeroutput>: Specifies the maximum
     4025              downtime, in milliseconds, for the teleporting target VM.
    37574026              Optional.
    37584027            </para>
     
    37624031            <para>
    37634032              <computeroutput>--password
    3764               &lt;password&gt;</computeroutput>: indicates that the
    3765               teleporting request will only succeed if the source
    3766               machine specifies the same password as the one given with
    3767               this command. Optional.
     4033              &lt;password&gt;</computeroutput>: The teleporting request
     4034              will only succeed if the source machine specifies the same
     4035              password as the one given with this command. Optional.
    37684036            </para>
    37694037          </listitem>
     
    37724040            <para>
    37734041              <computeroutput>--passwordfile &lt;password
    3774               file&gt;</computeroutput>: indicates that the teleporting
    3775               request will only succeed if the source machine specifies
    3776               the same password as the one specified in the password
    3777               file with the path specified with this command. Use
     4042              file&gt;</computeroutput>: The teleporting request will
     4043              only succeed if the source machine specifies the same
     4044              password as the one specified in the password file with
     4045              the path specified with this command. Use
    37784046              <computeroutput>stdin</computeroutput> to read the
    37794047              password from stdin. Optional.
     
    37874055        <para>
    37884056          <computeroutput>plugcpu|unplugcpu &lt;id&gt;</computeroutput>:
    3789           If CPU hot-plugging is enabled, this adds a virtual CPU to the
    3790           virtual machines (or removes one).
     4057          If CPU hot-plugging is enabled, this setting adds and removes
     4058          a virtual CPU to the virtual machine.
    37914059          <computeroutput>&lt;id&gt;</computeroutput> specifies the
    37924060          index of the virtual CPU to be added or removed and must be a
    3793           number from 0 to the maximum no. of CPUs configured. CPU 0 can
    3794           never be removed.
     4061          number from 0 to the maximum number of CPUs configured. CPU 0
     4062          can never be removed.
    37954063        </para>
    37964064      </listitem>
     
    37994067        <para>
    38004068          The <computeroutput>cpuexecutioncap
    3801           &lt;1-100&gt;</computeroutput>: This operation controls how
    3802           much cpu time a virtual CPU can use. A value of 50 implies a
    3803           single virtual CPU can use up to 50% of a single host CPU.
     4069          &lt;1-100&gt;</computeroutput>: Controls how much CPU time a
     4070          virtual CPU can use. A value of 50 implies a single virtual
     4071          CPU can use up to 50% of a single host CPU.
    38044072        </para>
    38054073      </listitem>
     
    38084076        <para>
    38094077          <computeroutput>webcam attach &lt;path|alias&gt;
    3810           [&lt;key=value&gt;[;&lt;key=value&gt;...]]</computeroutput>:
    3811           This operation attaches a webcam to a running VM. Specify the
    3812           absolute path of the webcam on the host operating system, or
    3813           use its alias, obtained by using the command: VBoxManage list
    3814           webcams.
    3815         </para>
    3816 
    3817         <para>
    3818           Note that alias '.0' means default video input device on the
    3819           host operating system, '.1', '.2', etc. mean first, second,
    3820           etc. video input device. The device order is host-specific.
    3821         </para>
    3822 
    3823         <para>
    3824           The optional settings parameter is a ';' delimited list of
    3825           name/value pairs, enabling configuration of the emulated
     4078          [&lt;keyword=value&gt;[;&lt;keyword=value&gt;...]]</computeroutput>:
     4079          Attaches a webcam to a running VM. Specify the absolute path
     4080          of the webcam on the host operating system, or use its alias,
     4081          obtained by using the command: <command>VBoxManage list
     4082          webcams</command>.
     4083        </para>
     4084
     4085        <para>
     4086          Note that alias '.0' means the default video input device on
     4087          the host operating system, '.1', '.2', etc. mean first,
     4088          second, etc. video input device. The device order is
     4089          host-specific.
     4090        </para>
     4091
     4092        <para>
     4093          The optional settings parameter is a
     4094          <computeroutput>;</computeroutput> delimited list of
     4095          name-value pairs, enabling configuration of the emulated
    38264096          webcam device.
    38274097        </para>
     
    38324102
    38334103        <para>
    3834           MaxFramerate (default no maximum limit) - this specifies the
    3835           highest rate (frames/sec) at which video frames are sent to
    3836           the guest. Higher frame rates increase CPU load, so this
    3837           setting can be useful when there is a need to reduce CPU load.
    3838           Its default 'value' is 'no maximum limit', thus enabling the
    3839           guest to use all frame rates supported by the host webcam.
    3840         </para>
    3841 
    3842         <para>
    3843           MaxPayloadTransferSize (default 3060 bytes) - this specifies
    3844           the maximum number of bytes the emulated webcam can send to
    3845           the guest in one buffer. The default is used by some webcams.
     4104          MaxFramerate: Specifies the highest rate in frames per second,
     4105          at which video frames are sent to the guest. Higher frame
     4106          rates increase CPU load, so this setting can be useful when
     4107          there is a need to reduce CPU load. The default setting is
     4108          <computeroutput>no maximum limit</computeroutput>, thus
     4109          enabling the guest to use all frame rates supported by the
     4110          host webcam.
     4111        </para>
     4112
     4113        <para>
     4114          MaxPayloadTransferSize: Specifies the maximum number of bytes
     4115          the emulated webcam can send to the guest in one buffer. The
     4116          default setting is 3060 bytes, which is used by some webcams.
    38464117          Higher values can slightly reduce CPU load, if the guest is
    38474118          able to use larger buffers. Note that higher
     
    38544125        <para>
    38554126          <computeroutput>webcam detach
    3856           &lt;path|alias&gt;</computeroutput>: This operation detaches a
    3857           webcam from a running VM. Specify the absolute path of the
    3858           webcam on the host, or use its alias (obtained from webcam
    3859           list below).
    3860         </para>
    3861 
    3862         <para>
    3863           Note the points below relating to specific Host Operating
    3864           Systems:
    3865         </para>
    3866 
    3867         <para>
    3868           Windows hosts
    3869         </para>
    3870 
    3871         <para>
    3872           When the webcam device is detached from the host, the emulated
    3873           webcam device is automatically detached from the guest.
    3874         </para>
    3875 
    3876         <para>
    3877           Mac OS X hosts
    3878         </para>
    3879 
    3880         <para>
    3881           OS X version 10.7 or newer is required.
    3882         </para>
    3883 
    3884         <para>
    3885           When the webcam device is detached from the host, the emulated
    3886           webcam device remains attached to the guest and must be
    3887           manually detached using the VBoxManage controlvm "VM name"
    3888           webcam detach command.
    3889         </para>
    3890 
    3891         <para>
    3892           Linux hosts
    3893         </para>
    3894 
    3895         <para>
    3896           When the webcam is detached from the host, the emulated webcam
    3897           device is automatically detached from the guest only if the
    3898           webcam is streaming video. If the emulated webcam is inactive,
    3899           it should be manually detached using the VBoxManage controlvm
    3900           "VM name" webcam detach command.
    3901         </para>
    3902       </listitem>
    3903 
    3904       <listitem>
    3905         <para>
    3906           <computeroutput>webcam list</computeroutput>: This operation
    3907           lists webcams attached to the running VM. The output is a list
    3908           of absolute paths or aliases that were used for attaching the
    3909           webcams to the VM using the 'webcam attach' command above.
     4127          &lt;path|alias&gt;</computeroutput>: Detaches a webcam from a
     4128          running VM. Specify the absolute path of the webcam on the
     4129          host, or use its alias obtained from the <command>webcam
     4130          list</command> command.
     4131        </para>
     4132
     4133        <para>
     4134          Please note the following points, relating to specific host
     4135          operating systems:
     4136        </para>
     4137
     4138        <itemizedlist>
     4139
     4140          <listitem>
     4141            <para>
     4142              Windows hosts: When the webcam device is detached from the
     4143              host, the emulated webcam device is automatically detached
     4144              from the guest.
     4145            </para>
     4146          </listitem>
     4147
     4148          <listitem>
     4149            <para>
     4150              Mac OS X hosts: OS X version 10.7 or newer is required.
     4151            </para>
     4152
     4153            <para>
     4154              When the webcam device is detached from the host, the
     4155              emulated webcam device remains attached to the guest and
     4156              must be manually detached using the <command>VBoxManage
     4157              controlvm webcam detach</command> command.
     4158            </para>
     4159          </listitem>
     4160
     4161          <listitem>
     4162            <para>
     4163              Linux hosts: When the webcam is detached from the host,
     4164              the emulated webcam device is automatically detached from
     4165              the guest only if the webcam is streaming video. If the
     4166              emulated webcam is inactive, it should be manually
     4167              detached using the <command>VBoxManage controlvm webcam
     4168              detach</command> command.
     4169            </para>
     4170          </listitem>
     4171
     4172        </itemizedlist>
     4173      </listitem>
     4174
     4175      <listitem>
     4176        <para>
     4177          <computeroutput>webcam list</computeroutput>: Lists webcams
     4178          attached to the running VM. The output is a list of absolute
     4179          paths or aliases that were used for attaching the webcams to
     4180          the VM using the <command>webcam attach</command> command.
    39104181        </para>
    39114182      </listitem>
     
    39154186          <computeroutput>addencpassword &lt;id&gt; &lt;password
    39164187          file&gt;|- [--removeonsuspend
    3917           &lt;yes|no&gt;]</computeroutput>: This operation supplies an
    3918           encrypted VM specified by &lt;id&gt; with the encryption
    3919           password to enable a headless start. Either specify the
    3920           absolute path of a password file on the host file system:
    3921           &lt;password file&gt;, or use a '-' to instruct VBoxManage to
    3922           prompt the user for the encryption password.
     4188          &lt;yes|no&gt;]</computeroutput>: Supplies an encrypted VM
     4189          specified by &lt;id&gt; with the encryption password to enable
     4190          a headless start. Either specify the absolute path of a
     4191          password file on the host file system: &lt;password file&gt;,
     4192          or use <option>-</option> to instruct
     4193          <command>VBoxManage</command> to prompt the user for the
     4194          encryption password.
    39234195        </para>
    39244196
    39254197        <para>
    39264198          <computeroutput>--removeonsuspend
    3927           &lt;yes|no&gt;</computeroutput> specifies whether to
    3928           remove/keep the password from/in VM memory when the VM is
     4199          &lt;yes|no&gt;</computeroutput>: Specifies whether to remove
     4200          the passsword or keep the password in VM memory when the VM is
    39294201          suspended. If the VM has been suspended and the password has
    39304202          been removed, the user needs to resupply the password before
     
    39344206        </para>
    39354207
    3936         <para>
    3937           Note: On VirtualBox versions 5.0 and later, data stored on
    3938           hard disk images can be transparently encrypted for the guest.
    3939           VirtualBox uses the AES algorithm in XTS mode and supports 128
    3940           or 256 bit data encryption keys (DEK). The DEK is stored
    3941           encrypted in the medium properties, and is decrypted during VM
    3942           startup by supplying the encryption password.
    3943         </para>
    3944 
    3945         <para>
    3946           The "VBoxManage encryptmedium" operation is used to create a
    3947           DEK encrypted medium. See
     4208        <note>
     4209          <para>
     4210            On &product-name; versions 5.0 and later, data stored on
     4211            hard disk images can be transparently encrypted for the
     4212            guest. &product-name; uses the AES algorithm in XTS mode and
     4213            supports 128 or 256 bit data encryption keys (DEK). The DEK
     4214            is stored encrypted in the medium properties, and is
     4215            decrypted during VM startup by supplying the encryption
     4216            password.
     4217          </para>
     4218        </note>
     4219
     4220        <para>
     4221          The <command>VBoxManage encryptmedium</command> command is
     4222          used to create a DEK encrypted medium. See
    39484223          <xref linkend="diskencryption-encryption" />. When starting an
    3949           encrypted VM from a VirtualBox GUI app, the user will be
     4224          encrypted VM from the &product-name; GUI, the user will be
    39504225          prompted for the encryption password.
    39514226        </para>
    39524227
    39534228        <para>
    3954           For a headless encrypted VM start, use:
     4229          For a headless encrypted VM start, use the folowing command:
    39554230        </para>
    39564231
     
    39604235
    39614236        <para>
    3962           followed by:
     4237          Then supply the required encryption password as follows:
    39634238        </para>
    39644239
     
    39674242        </screen>
    39684243
    3969         <para>
    3970           to supply the encryption password required.
    3971         </para>
     4244        <para></para>
    39724245      </listitem>
    39734246
     
    39754248        <para>
    39764249          <computeroutput>removeencpassword &lt;id&gt;</computeroutput>:
    3977           This operation removes encryption password authorization for
    3978           password &lt;id&gt; for all encrypted media attached to the
    3979           VM.
    3980         </para>
    3981       </listitem>
    3982 
    3983       <listitem>
    3984         <para>
    3985           <computeroutput>removeallencpasswords</computeroutput>: This
    3986           operation removes encryption password authorization for all
    3987           passwords for all encrypted media attached to the VM.
     4250          Removes encryption password authorization for password
     4251          &lt;id&gt; for all encrypted media attached to the VM.
     4252        </para>
     4253      </listitem>
     4254
     4255      <listitem>
     4256        <para>
     4257          <computeroutput>removeallencpasswords</computeroutput>:
     4258          Removes encryption password authorization for all passwords
     4259          for all encrypted media attached to the VM.
     4260        </para>
     4261      </listitem>
     4262
     4263      <listitem>
     4264        <para>
     4265          <computeroutput>changeuartmode &lt;1-N&gt;</computeroutput>:
     4266          Changes the connection mode for a given virtual serial port.
    39884267        </para>
    39894268      </listitem>
     
    39994278    <para>
    40004279      This command discards the saved state of a virtual machine which
    4001       is not currently running, which will cause its operating system to
    4002       restart next time you start it. This is the equivalent of pulling
    4003       out the power cable on a physical machine, and should be avoided
    4004       if possible.
     4280      is not currently running. This will cause the VM's operating
     4281      system to restart next time you start it. This is the equivalent
     4282      of pulling out the power cable on a physical machine, and should
     4283      be avoided if possible.
    40054284    </para>
    40064285
     
    40124291
    40134292    <para>
    4014       If you have a saved state file
     4293      If you have a Saved state file
    40154294      (<computeroutput>.sav</computeroutput>) that is separate from the
    4016       VM configuration, you can use this command to "adopt" the file.
    4017       This will change the VM to saved state and when you start it,
    4018       VirtualBox will attempt to restore it from the saved state file
    4019       you indicated. This command should only be used in special setups.
     4295      VM configuration, you can use this command to
     4296      <emphasis>adopt</emphasis> the file. This will change the VM to
     4297      saved state and when you start it, &product-name; will attempt to
     4298      restore it from the saved state file you indicated. This command
     4299      should only be used in special setups.
    40204300    </para>
    40214301
     
    40324312      optionally a virtual machine saved state file if the snapshot was
    40334313      taken while the machine was running. After a snapshot has been
    4034       taken, VirtualBox creates differencing hard disk for each normal
    4035       hard disk associated with the machine so that when a snapshot is
    4036       restored, the contents of the virtual machine's virtual hard disks
    4037       can be quickly reset by simply dropping the pre-existing
    4038       differencing files.
     4314      taken, &product-name; creates a differencing hard disk for each
     4315      normal hard disk associated with the machine so that when a
     4316      snapshot is restored, the contents of the virtual machine's
     4317      virtual hard disks can be quickly reset by simply dropping the
     4318      preexisting differencing files.
    40394319    </para>
    40404320
     
    40524332
    40534333    <para>
    4054       The <computeroutput>take</computeroutput> operation takes a
    4055       snapshot of the current state of the virtual machine. You must
    4056       supply a name for the snapshot and can optionally supply a
    4057       description. The new snapshot is inserted into the snapshots tree
    4058       as a child of the current snapshot and then becomes the new
    4059       current snapshot. The
    4060       <computeroutput>--description</computeroutput> parameter allows to
    4061       describe the snapshot. If <computeroutput>--live</computeroutput>
    4062       is specified, the VM will not be stopped during the snapshot
    4063       creation (live snapshotting).
    4064     </para>
    4065 
    4066     <para>
    4067       The <computeroutput>delete</computeroutput> operation deletes a
    4068       snapshot (specified by name or by UUID). This can take a while to
    4069       finish since the differencing images associated with the snapshot
    4070       might need to be merged with their child differencing images.
    4071     </para>
    4072 
    4073     <para>
    4074       The <computeroutput>restore</computeroutput> operation will
    4075       restore the given snapshot (specified by name or by UUID) by
    4076       resetting the virtual machine's settings and current state to that
    4077       of the snapshot. The previous current state of the machine will be
    4078       lost. After this, the given snapshot becomes the new "current"
    4079       snapshot so that subsequent snapshots are inserted under the
    4080       snapshot from which was restored.
    4081     </para>
    4082 
    4083     <para>
    4084       The <computeroutput>restorecurrent</computeroutput> operation is a
    4085       shortcut to restore the current snapshot (i.e. the snapshot from
    4086       which the current state is derived). This subcommand is equivalent
    4087       to using the "restore" subcommand with the name or UUID of the
    4088       current snapshot, except that it avoids the extra step of
     4334      The <command>take</command> operation takes a snapshot of the
     4335      current state of the virtual machine. You must supply a name for
     4336      the snapshot and can optionally supply a description. The new
     4337      snapshot is inserted into the snapshots tree as a child of the
     4338      current snapshot and then becomes the new current snapshot. The
     4339      <computeroutput>--description</computeroutput> parameter enables
     4340      you to describe the snapshot. If
     4341      <computeroutput>--live</computeroutput> is specified, the VM will
     4342      not be stopped during the snapshot creation. This is called live
     4343      snapshotting.
     4344    </para>
     4345
     4346    <para>
     4347      The <command>delete</command> operation deletes a snapshot,
     4348      specified by name or by UUID. This can take a while to finish
     4349      since the differencing images associated with the snapshot might
     4350      need to be merged with their child differencing images.
     4351    </para>
     4352
     4353    <para>
     4354      The <command>restore</command> operation will restore the given
     4355      snapshot, specified by name or by UUID, by resetting the virtual
     4356      machine's settings and current state to that of the snapshot. The
     4357      previous current state of the machine will be lost. After this,
     4358      the given snapshot becomes the new current snapshot so that
     4359      subsequent snapshots are inserted under the snapshot from which
     4360      was restored.
     4361    </para>
     4362
     4363    <para>
     4364      The <command>restorecurrent</command> operation is a shortcut to
     4365      restore the current snapshot, which is the snapshot from which the
     4366      current state is derived. This subcommand is equivalent to using
     4367      the <command>restore</command> subcommand with the name or UUID of
     4368      the current snapshot, except that it avoids the extra step of
    40894369      determining that name or UUID.
    40904370    </para>
    40914371
    40924372    <para>
    4093       With the <computeroutput>edit</computeroutput> operation, you can
    4094       change the name or description of an existing snapshot.
    4095     </para>
    4096 
    4097     <para>
    4098       The <computeroutput>list</computeroutput> operation shows all
    4099       snapshots of a virtual machine.
    4100     </para>
    4101 
    4102     <para>
    4103       With the <computeroutput>showvminfo</computeroutput> operation,
    4104       you can view the virtual machine settings that were stored with an
    4105       existing snapshot.
     4373      With the <command>edit</command> operation, you can change the
     4374      name or description of an existing snapshot.
     4375    </para>
     4376
     4377    <para>
     4378      The <command>list</command> operation shows all snapshots of a
     4379      virtual machine.
     4380    </para>
     4381
     4382    <para>
     4383      With the <command>showvminfo</command> operation, you can view the
     4384      virtual machine settings that were stored with an existing
     4385      snapshot.
    41064386    </para>
    41074387
     
    41144394    <para>
    41154395      This command removes a hard disk, DVD, or floppy image from a
    4116       VirtualBox media registry.
    4117 
    4118       <footnote>
    4119 
    4120         <para>
    4121           Before VirtualBox 4.0, it was necessary to call VBoxManage
    4122           openmedium before a medium could be attached to a virtual
    4123           machine; that call "registered" the medium with the global
    4124           VirtualBox media registry. With VirtualBox 4.0 this is no
    4125           longer necessary; media are added to media registries
    4126           automatically. The "closemedium" call has been retained,
    4127           however, to allow for explicitly removing a medium from a
    4128           registry.
    4129         </para>
    4130 
    4131       </footnote>
     4396      &product-name; media registry.
    41324397    </para>
    41334398
     
    41484413
    41494414    <para>
    4150       This command attaches/modifies/removes a storage medium connected
    4151       to a storage controller that was previously added with the
    4152       <computeroutput>storagectl</computeroutput> command. The syntax is
    4153       as follows:
     4415      This command attaches, modifies, and removes a storage medium
     4416      connected to a storage controller that was previously added with
     4417      the <command>storagectl</command> command. The syntax is as
     4418      follows:
    41544419    </para>
    41554420
     
    41854450
    41864451    <para>
    4187       A number of parameters are commonly required. The ones at the end
    4188       of the list are required only for iSCSI targets, as described
    4189       below.
    4190     </para>
    4191 
    4192     <para>
    4193       The common parameters are:
     4452      A number of parameters are commonly required. Some parameters are
     4453      required only for iSCSI targets.
     4454    </para>
     4455
     4456    <para>
     4457      The common parameters are as follows:
    41944458    </para>
    41954459
     
    42174481            Name of the storage controller. Mandatory. The list of the
    42184482            storage controllers currently attached to a VM can be
    4219             obtained with <computeroutput>VBoxManage
    4220             showvminfo</computeroutput>. See
     4483            obtained with <command>VBoxManage showvminfo</command>. See
    42214484            <xref linkend="vboxmanage-showvminfo" />.
    42224485          </para>
     
    42604523          <para>
    42614524            Define the type of the drive to which the medium is being
    4262             attached/detached/modified. This argument can only be
     4525            attached, detached, or modified. This argument can only be
    42634526            omitted if the type of medium can be determined from either
    42644527            the medium given with the
     
    42844547            <listitem>
    42854548              <para>
    4286                 "none": Any existing device should be removed from the
    4287                 given slot.
    4288               </para>
    4289             </listitem>
    4290 
    4291             <listitem>
    4292               <para>
    4293                 "emptydrive": For a virtual DVD or floppy drive only,
    4294                 this makes the device slot behaves like a removeable
    4295                 drive into which no media has been inserted.
    4296               </para>
    4297             </listitem>
    4298 
    4299             <listitem>
    4300               <para>
    4301                 "additions": For a virtual DVD drive only, this attaches
    4302                 the <emphasis>VirtualBox Guest Additions</emphasis>
    4303                 image to the given device slot.
     4549                <computeroutput>none</computeroutput>: Any existing
     4550                device should be removed from the given slot.
     4551              </para>
     4552            </listitem>
     4553
     4554            <listitem>
     4555              <para>
     4556                <computeroutput>emptydrive</computeroutput>: For a
     4557                virtual DVD or floppy drive only, this makes the device
     4558                slot behave like a removeable drive into which no media
     4559                has been inserted.
     4560              </para>
     4561            </listitem>
     4562
     4563            <listitem>
     4564              <para>
     4565                <computeroutput>additions</computeroutput>: For a
     4566                virtual DVD drive only, this attaches the
     4567                <emphasis>VirtualBox Guest Additions</emphasis> image to
     4568                the given device slot.
    43044569              </para>
    43054570            </listitem>
     
    43084573              <para>
    43094574                If a UUID is specified, it must be the UUID of a storage
    4310                 medium that is already known to VirtualBox (e.g. because
    4311                 it has been attached to another virtual machine). See
    4312                 <xref linkend="vboxmanage-list" /> for how to list known
    4313                 media. This medium is then attached to the given device
    4314                 slot.
     4575                medium that is already known to &product-name;. For
     4576                example, because it has been attached to another virtual
     4577                machine. See <xref linkend="vboxmanage-list" /> for
     4578                details of how to list known media. This medium is then
     4579                attached to the given device slot.
    43154580              </para>
    43164581            </listitem>
     
    43194584              <para>
    43204585                If a filename is specified, it must be the full path of
    4321                 an existing disk image (ISO, RAW, VDI, VMDK or other),
    4322                 which is then attached to the given device slot.
    4323               </para>
    4324             </listitem>
    4325 
    4326             <listitem>
    4327               <para>
    4328                 "host:&lt;drive&gt;": For a virtual DVD or floppy drive
    4329                 only, this connects the given device slot to the
    4330                 specified DVD or floppy drive on the host computer.
    4331               </para>
    4332             </listitem>
    4333 
    4334             <listitem>
    4335               <para>
    4336                 "iscsi": For virtual hard disks only, this allows for
    4337                 specifying an iSCSI target. In this case, more
    4338                 parameters must be given. See the description below.
     4586                an existing disk image in ISO, RAW, VDI, VMDK, or other
     4587                format. The disk image is then attached to the given
     4588                device slot.
     4589              </para>
     4590            </listitem>
     4591
     4592            <listitem>
     4593              <para>
     4594                <computeroutput>host:&lt;drive&gt;</computeroutput>: For
     4595                a virtual DVD or floppy drive only, this connects the
     4596                given device slot to the specified DVD or floppy drive
     4597                on the host computer.
     4598              </para>
     4599            </listitem>
     4600
     4601            <listitem>
     4602              <para>
     4603                <computeroutput>iscsi</computeroutput>: For virtual hard
     4604                disks only, this is used for specifying an iSCSI target.
     4605                In this case, additional parameters must be given. These
     4606                are described below.
    43394607              </para>
    43404608            </listitem>
     
    43444612          <para>
    43454613            Some of the above changes, in particular for removeable
    4346             media (floppies and CDs/DVDs), can be effected while a VM is
    4347             running. Others, such as device changes or changes in hard
    4348             disk device slots, require the VM to be powered off.
     4614            media such as floppies and CDs/DVDs, can be effected while a
     4615            VM is running. Others, such as device changes or changes in
     4616            hard disk device slots, require the VM to be powered off.
    43494617          </para>
    43504618        </listitem>
     
    43594627          <para>
    43604628            Defines how this medium behaves with respect to snapshots
    4361             and write operations. See <xref linkend="hdimagewrites" />
    4362             for details.
     4629            and write operations. See <xref linkend="hdimagewrites" />.
    43634630          </para>
    43644631        </listitem>
     
    43924659            broken VM configurations if any other VM is referring to the
    43934660            same media already. The most frequently used variant is
    4394             <code>--setuuid ""</code>, which assigns a new (random) UUID
    4395             to an image. This is useful to resolve the duplicate UUID
    4396             errors if one duplicated an image using file copy utilities.
     4661            <computeroutput>--setuuid ""</computeroutput>, which assigns
     4662            a new random UUID to an image. This option is useful for
     4663            resolving duplicate UUID errors if you duplicated an image
     4664            using a file copy utility.
    43974665          </para>
    43984666        </listitem>
     
    44224690          <para>
    44234691            For a virtual DVD drive only, you can configure the behavior
    4424             for guest-triggered medium eject. If this is set to "on",
    4425             the eject has only temporary effects. If the VM is powered
    4426             off and restarted the originally configured medium will be
    4427             still in the drive.
     4692            for guest-triggered medium eject. If this is set to on, the
     4693            eject has only a temporary effect. If the VM is powered off
     4694            and restarted the originally configured medium will be still
     4695            in the drive.
    44284696          </para>
    44294697        </listitem>
     
    44374705        <listitem>
    44384706          <para>
    4439             This switch allows to enable the non-rotational flag for
    4440             virtual hard disks. Some guests (i.e. Windows 7+) treat such
    4441             disks like SSDs and do not perform disk fragmentation on
    4442             such media.
     4707            Enables you to enable the non-rotational flag for virtual
     4708            hard disks. Some guests, such as Windows 7 or later, treat
     4709            such disks like SSDs and do not perform disk fragmentation
     4710            on such media.
    44434711          </para>
    44444712        </listitem>
     
    44524720        <listitem>
    44534721          <para>
    4454             This switch enables the auto-discard feature for the virtual
    4455             hard disks. This specifies that a VDI image will be shrunk
    4456             in response to the trim command from the guest OS. The
    4457             following requirements must be met:
     4722            Enables the auto-discard feature for a virtual hard disks.
     4723            This specifies that a VDI image will be shrunk in response
     4724            to the trim command from the guest OS. The following
     4725            requirements must be met:
    44584726          </para>
    44594727
     
    44684736            <listitem>
    44694737              <para>
    4470                 The size of the cleared area must be at least 1MB.
    4471               </para>
    4472             </listitem>
    4473 
    4474             <listitem>
    4475               <para>
    4476                 VirtualBox will only trim whole 1 MB blocks. The VDIs
    4477                 themselves are organized into 1 MB blocks, so this will
    4478                 only work if the space being TRIM-ed is at least a 1 MB
    4479                 contiguous block at a 1 MB boundary. On Windows,
    4480                 occasional defrag (with "defrag.exe /D"), or under Linux
    4481                 running "btrfs filesystem defrag" as a background cron
    4482                 job may be beneficial.
     4738                The size of the cleared area must be at least 1 MB.
     4739              </para>
     4740            </listitem>
     4741
     4742            <listitem>
     4743              <para>
     4744                &product-name; will only trim whole 1 MB blocks. The
     4745                VDIs themselves are organized into 1 MB blocks, so this
     4746                will only work if the space being trimmed is at least a
     4747                1 MB contiguous block at a 1 MB boundary. On Windows,
     4748                occasional defragmentation with <command>defrag.exe
     4749                /D</command>, or on Linux running <command>btrfs
     4750                filesystem defrag</command> as a background cron job may
     4751                be beneficial.
    44834752              </para>
    44844753            </listitem>
     
    44864755          </itemizedlist>
    44874756
    4488           <para>
    4489             Notes: the Guest OS must be configured to issue trim
    4490             command, and typically this means that the guest OS is made
    4491             to 'see' the disk as an SSD. Ext4 supports -o discard mount
    4492             flag; OSX probably requires additional settings. Windows
    4493             ought to automatically detect and support SSDs - at least in
    4494             versions 7, 8 and 10. Linux exFAT driver (courtesy of
    4495             Samsung) supports the trim command.
    4496           </para>
     4757          <note>
     4758            <para>
     4759              The Guest OS must be configured to issue the
     4760              <command>trim</command> command, and typically this means
     4761              that the guest OS is made to see the disk as an SSD. Ext4
     4762              supports the -o discard mount flag. Mac OS X probably
     4763              requires additional settings. Windows should automatically
     4764              detect and support SSDs, at least in versions 7, 8, and
     4765              10. The Linux exFAT driver from Samsung supports the
     4766              <command>trim</command> command.
     4767            </para>
     4768          </note>
    44974769
    44984770          <para>
     
    45034775
    45044776          <para>
    4505             Alternatively, there are ad hoc methods to issue trim, e.g.
    4506             Linux fstrim command, part of util-linux package. Earlier
    4507             solutions required a user to zero out unused areas, e.g.
    4508             using zerofree, and explicitly compact the disk - only
    4509             possible when the VM is offline.
     4777            Alternatively, there are other methods to issue trim. For
     4778            example, the Linux <command>fstrim</command> command, part
     4779            of the util-linux package. Earlier solutions required a user
     4780            to zero out unused areas, using zerofree or similar, and to
     4781            compact the disk. This is only possible when the VM is
     4782            offline.
    45104783          </para>
    45114784        </listitem>
     
    45354808            unmounts the DVD/CD/Floppy or mounts a new DVD/CD/Floppy
    45364809            even if the previous one is locked down by the guest for
    4537             reading. Again, see <xref linkend="storage-cds" /> for
    4538             details.
     4810            reading. See <xref linkend="storage-cds" />.
    45394811          </para>
    45404812        </listitem>
     
    45444816
    45454817    <para>
    4546       When "iscsi" is used with the
     4818      When <computeroutput>iscsi</computeroutput> is used with the
    45474819      <computeroutput>--medium</computeroutput> parameter for iSCSI
    45484820      support, additional parameters must or can be used. See also
     
    45594831        <listitem>
    45604832          <para>
    4561             The host name or IP address of the iSCSI target; required.
     4833            The host name or IP address of the iSCSI target. Required.
    45624834          </para>
    45634835        </listitem>
     
    45724844          <para>
    45734845            Target name string. This is determined by the iSCSI target
    4574             and used to identify the storage resource; required.
     4846            and used to identify the storage resource. Required.
    45754847          </para>
    45764848        </listitem>
     
    46104882        <listitem>
    46114883          <para>
    4612             Hex encoded Logical Unit Number of the target resource.
     4884            Hex-encoded Logical Unit Number of the target resource.
    46134885            Optional. Often, this value is zero.
    46144886          </para>
     
    46244896        <listitem>
    46254897          <para>
    4626             Username and password (initiator secret) for target
    4627             authentication, if required. Optional.
    4628 
    4629             <note>
    4630               <para>
    4631                 Username and password are stored without encryption, in
    4632                 clear text, in the XML machine configuration file if no
    4633                 settings password is provided. When a settings password
    4634                 was specified the first time, the password is stored
    4635                 encrypted. Alternatively to providing the password on
    4636                 the command line, a reference to a file containing the
    4637                 text can be provided instead via the passwordfile
    4638                 option.
    4639               </para>
    4640             </note>
    4641           </para>
     4898            Username and password, called the initiator secret, for
     4899            target authentication, if required. Optional.
     4900          </para>
     4901
     4902          <note>
     4903            <para>
     4904              Username and password are stored without encryption, in
     4905              clear text, in the XML machine configuration file if no
     4906              settings password is provided. When a settings password is
     4907              specified for the first time, the password is stored in
     4908              encrypted form. As an alternative to providing the
     4909              password on the command line, a reference to a file
     4910              containing the text can be provided using the
     4911              <computeroutput>passwordfile</computeroutput> option.
     4912            </para>
     4913          </note>
    46424914        </listitem>
    46434915      </varlistentry>
     
    46504922        <listitem>
    46514923          <para>
    4652             iSCSI Initiator (optional).
    4653           </para>
    4654 
    4655           <para>
    4656             Note: Microsoft iSCSI Initiator is a system, such as a
    4657             server that attaches to an IP network and initiates requests
    4658             and receives responses from an iSCSI target. The SAN
    4659             components in Microsoft iSCSI Initiator are largely
    4660             analogous to Fibre Channel SAN components, and they include
    4661             the following:
    4662           </para>
    4663 
    4664           <para>
    4665             To transport blocks of iSCSI commands over the IP network,
    4666             an iSCSI driver must be installed on the iSCSI host. An
    4667             iSCSI driver is included with Microsoft iSCSI Initiator.
    4668           </para>
    4669 
    4670           <para>
    4671             A gigabit Ethernet adapter that transmits 1000 megabits per
    4672             second (Mbps) is recommended for the connection to an iSCSI
    4673             target. Like standard 10/100 adapters, most gigabit adapters
    4674             use a pre-existing Category 5 or Category 6E cable. Each
    4675             port on the adapter is identified by a unique IP address.
    4676           </para>
    4677 
    4678           <para>
    4679             An iSCSI target is any device that receives iSCSI commands.
    4680             The device can be an end node, such as a storage device, or
    4681             it can be an intermediate device, such as a network bridge
    4682             between IP and Fibre Channel devices. Each port on the
    4683             storage array controller or network bridge is identified by
    4684             one or more IP addresses
    4685           </para>
     4924            iSCSI Initiator. Optional.
     4925          </para>
     4926
     4927          <para>
     4928            Microsoft iSCSI Initiator is a system, such as a server that
     4929            attaches to an IP network and initiates requests and
     4930            receives responses from an iSCSI target. The SAN components
     4931            in Microsoft iSCSI Initiator are largely analogous to Fibre
     4932            Channel SAN components, and they include the following:
     4933          </para>
     4934
     4935          <itemizedlist>
     4936
     4937            <listitem>
     4938              <para>
     4939                To transport blocks of iSCSI commands over the IP
     4940                network, an iSCSI driver must be installed on the iSCSI
     4941                host. An iSCSI driver is included with Microsoft iSCSI
     4942                Initiator.
     4943              </para>
     4944            </listitem>
     4945
     4946            <listitem>
     4947              <para>
     4948                A gigabit Ethernet adapter that transmits 1000 megabits
     4949                per second (Mbps) is recommended for the connection to
     4950                an iSCSI target. Like standard 10/100 adapters, most
     4951                gigabit adapters use a preexisting Category 5 or
     4952                Category 6E cable. Each port on the adapter is
     4953                identified by a unique IP address.
     4954              </para>
     4955            </listitem>
     4956
     4957            <listitem>
     4958              <para>
     4959                An iSCSI target is any device that receives iSCSI
     4960                commands. The device can be an end node, such as a
     4961                storage device, or it can be an intermediate device,
     4962                such as a network bridge between IP and Fibre Channel
     4963                devices. Each port on the storage array controller or
     4964                network bridge is identified by one or more IP addresses
     4965              </para>
     4966            </listitem>
     4967
     4968          </itemizedlist>
    46864969        </listitem>
    46874970      </varlistentry>
     
    46944977        <listitem>
    46954978          <para>
    4696             If specified, connect to the iSCSI target via Internal
     4979            If specified, connect to the iSCSI target using Internal
    46974980            Networking. This needs further configuration, see
    46984981            <xref linkend="iscsi-intnet" />.
     
    47104993
    47114994    <para>
    4712       This command attaches/modifies/removes a storage controller. After
    4713       this, virtual media can be attached to the controller with the
    4714       <computeroutput>storageattach</computeroutput> command .
    4715     </para>
    4716 
    4717     <para>
    4718       The syntax is as follows:
     4995      This command attaches, modifies, and removes a storage controller.
     4996      After this, virtual media can be attached to the controller with
     4997      the <command>storageattach</command> command.
     4998    </para>
     4999
     5000    <para>
     5001      The syntax for this command is as follows:
    47195002    </para>
    47205003
     
    47325015
    47335016    <para>
    4734       where the parameters mean:
     5017      The parameters are as follows:
    47355018    </para>
    47365019
     
    48465129        <listitem>
    48475130          <para>
    4848             Removes the storage controller from the VM config.
     5131            Removes the storage controller from the VM configuration.
    48495132          </para>
    48505133        </listitem>
     
    48605143
    48615144    <para>
    4862       This command creates/deletes/modifies/shows bandwidth groups of
    4863       the given virtual machine:
     5145      This command creates, deletes, modifies, and shows bandwidth
     5146      groups of the given virtual machine.
     5147    </para>
    48645148
    48655149<screen>VBoxManage bandwidthctl    &lt;uuid|vmname&gt;
     
    48685152                           remove &lt;name&gt; |
    48695153                           list [--machinereadable]</screen>
    4870     </para>
    48715154
    48725155    <para>
     
    48785161      <listitem>
    48795162        <para>
    4880           <computeroutput>add</computeroutput>, creates a new bandwidth
    4881           group of a given type.
    4882         </para>
    4883       </listitem>
    4884 
    4885       <listitem>
    4886         <para>
    4887           <computeroutput>set</computeroutput>, modifies the limit for
    4888           an existing bandwidth group.
    4889         </para>
    4890       </listitem>
    4891 
    4892       <listitem>
    4893         <para>
    4894           <computeroutput>remove</computeroutput>, destroys a bandwidth
    4895           group.
    4896         </para>
    4897       </listitem>
    4898 
    4899       <listitem>
    4900         <para>
    4901           <computeroutput>list</computeroutput>, shows all bandwidth
    4902           groups defined for the given VM. Use the
     5163          <command>add</command>: Creates a new bandwidth group of a
     5164          given type.
     5165        </para>
     5166      </listitem>
     5167
     5168      <listitem>
     5169        <para>
     5170          <command>set</command>: Modifies the limit for an existing
     5171          bandwidth group.
     5172        </para>
     5173      </listitem>
     5174
     5175      <listitem>
     5176        <para>
     5177          <command>remove</command>: Deletes a bandwidth group.
     5178        </para>
     5179      </listitem>
     5180
     5181      <listitem>
     5182        <para>
     5183          <command>list</command>: Shows all bandwidth groups defined
     5184          for the given VM. Use the
    49035185          <computeroutput>--machinereadable</computeroutput> option to
    49045186          produce the same output, but in machine readable format. This
     
    49105192
    49115193    <para>
    4912       The parameters mean the following:
     5194      The parameters are as follows:
    49135195    </para>
    49145196
     
    49675249            megabytes per second. The unit can be changed by specifying
    49685250            one of the following suffixes:
    4969             <computeroutput>k</computeroutput> for kilobits/s,
    4970             <computeroutput>m</computeroutput> for megabits/s,
    4971             <computeroutput>g</computeroutput> for gigabits/s,
    4972             <computeroutput>K</computeroutput> for kilobytes/s,
    4973             <computeroutput>M</computeroutput> for megabytes/s,
    4974             <computeroutput>G</computeroutput> for gigabytes/s.
     5251            <computeroutput>k</computeroutput> for kilobits per second,
     5252            <computeroutput>m</computeroutput> for megabits per second,
     5253            <computeroutput>g</computeroutput> for gigabits per second,
     5254            <computeroutput>K</computeroutput> for kilobytes per second,
     5255            <computeroutput>M</computeroutput> for megabytes per second,
     5256            <computeroutput>G</computeroutput> for gigabytes per second.
    49755257          </para>
    49765258        </listitem>
     
    50025284    <para>
    50035285      This command shows information about a medium, notably its size,
    5004       its size on disk, its type and the virtual machines which use it.
    5005 
    5006       <note>
    5007         <para>
    5008           For compatibility with earlier versions of VirtualBox, the
    5009           "showvdiinfo" command is also supported and mapped internally
    5010           to the "showmediuminfo" command.
    5011         </para>
    5012       </note>
    5013     </para>
     5286      its size on disk, its type, and the virtual machines which use it.
     5287    </para>
     5288
     5289    <note>
     5290      <para>
     5291        For compatibility with earlier versions of &product-name;, the
     5292        <command>showvdiinfo</command> command is also supported and
     5293        mapped internally to the <command>showmediuminfo</command>
     5294        command.
     5295      </para>
     5296    </note>
    50145297
    50155298<screen>VBoxManage showmediuminfo     [disk|dvd|floppy] &lt;uuid|filename&gt;</screen>
    50165299
    50175300    <para>
    5018       The medium must be specified either by its UUID (if the medium is
    5019       registered) or by its filename. Registered images can be listed by
    5020       <computeroutput>VBoxManage list hdds</computeroutput>,
    5021       <computeroutput>VBoxManage list dvds</computeroutput>, or
    5022       <computeroutput>VBoxManage list floppies</computeroutput>, as
    5023       appropriate. See <xref linkend="vboxmanage-list" />.
     5301      The medium must be specified either by its UUID, if the medium is
     5302      registered, or by its filename. Registered images can be listed
     5303      using <command>VBoxManage list hdds</command>, <command>VBoxManage
     5304      list dvds</command>, or <command>VBoxManage list
     5305      floppies</command>, as appropriate. See
     5306      <xref linkend="vboxmanage-list" />.
    50245307    </para>
    50255308
     
    50415324
    50425325    <para>
    5043       where the parameters mean:
     5326      The parameters are as follows:
    50445327    </para>
    50455328
     
    50665349        <listitem>
    50675350          <para>
    5068             &lt;megabytes&gt; Specifies the image capacity, in 1 MB
    5069             units. Optional.
     5351            Specifies the image capacity, in 1 MB units. Optional.
    50705352          </para>
    50715353        </listitem>
     
    50965378          <para>
    50975379            Specifies the file format for the output file. Available
    5098             options are VDI, VMDK, VHD. Default is VDI. Optional.
    5099           </para>
    5100         </listitem>
    5101       </varlistentry>
    5102 
    5103       <varlistentry>
    5104         <term>
    5105           <computeroutput>--variant
    5106           Standard,Fixed,Split2G,Stream,ESX</computeroutput>
    5107         </term>
    5108 
    5109         <listitem>
    5110           <para>
    5111             Specifies any required file format variant(s) for the output
    5112             file. It is a comma-separated list of variant flags. Not all
     5380            options are VDI, VMDK, VHD. The default format is VDI.
     5381            Optional.
     5382          </para>
     5383        </listitem>
     5384      </varlistentry>
     5385
     5386      <varlistentry>
     5387        <term>
     5388          <computeroutput>--variant</computeroutput>
     5389        </term>
     5390
     5391        <listitem>
     5392          <para>
     5393            Specifies any required file format variants for the output
     5394            file. This is a comma-separated list of variant flags.
     5395            Options are Standard,Fixed,Split2G,Stream,ESX. Not all
    51135396            combinations are supported, and specifying mutually
    51145397            incompatible flags results in an error message. Optional.
     
    51215404    <note>
    51225405      <para>
    5123         For compatibility with earlier versions of VirtualBox, the
    5124         "createvdi" and "createhd" commands are also supported and
    5125         mapped internally to the "createmedium" command.
     5406        For compatibility with earlier versions of &product-name;, the
     5407        <command>createvdi</command> and <command>createhd</command>
     5408        commands are also supported and mapped internally to the
     5409        <command>createmedium</command> command.
    51265410      </para>
    51275411    </note>
     
    51345418
    51355419    <para>
    5136       With the <computeroutput>modifymedium</computeroutput> command,
    5137       you can change the characteristics of a disk image after it has
    5138       been created:
     5420      With the <command>modifymedium</command> command, you can change
     5421      the characteristics of a disk image after it has been created.
     5422    </para>
    51395423
    51405424<screen>VBoxManage modifymedium  [disk|dvd|floppy]    &lt;uuid|filename&gt;
     
    51485432                         [--setlocation &lt;path&gt;]</screen>
    51495433
    5150       <note>
    5151         <para>
    5152           For compatibility with earlier versions of VirtualBox, the
    5153           "modifyvdi" and "modifyhd" commands are also supported and
    5154           mapped internally to the "modifymedium" command.
    5155         </para>
    5156       </note>
    5157     </para>
    5158 
    5159     <para>
    5160       The disk image to modify must be specified either by its UUID (if
    5161       the medium is registered) or by its filename. Registered images
    5162       can be listed by <computeroutput>VBoxManage list
    5163       hdds</computeroutput>, see <xref linkend="vboxmanage-list" />. A
    5164       filename must be specified as a valid path, either as an absolute
    5165       path or as a relative path starting from the current directory.
     5434    <note>
     5435      <para>
     5436        For compatibility with earlier versions of &product-name;, the
     5437        <command>modifyvdi</command> and <command>modifyhd</command>
     5438        commands are also supported and mapped internally to the
     5439        <command>modifymedium</command> command.
     5440      </para>
     5441    </note>
     5442
     5443    <para>
     5444      The disk image to modify must be specified either by its UUID, if
     5445      the medium is registered, or by its filename. Registered images
     5446      can be listed using <command>VBoxManage list hdds</command>, see
     5447      <xref linkend="vboxmanage-list" />. A filename must be specified
     5448      as a valid path, either as an absolute path or as a relative path
     5449      starting from the current directory.
    51665450    </para>
    51675451
     
    51845468      <listitem>
    51855469        <para>
    5186           For immutable (differencing) hard disks only, the
    5187           <computeroutput>--autoreset on|off</computeroutput> option
    5188           determines whether the disk is automatically reset on every VM
    5189           startup, see <xref linkend="hdimagewrites" />. The default is
    5190           "on".
     5470          For immutable hard disks only, the <computeroutput>--autoreset
     5471          on|off</computeroutput> option determines whether the disk is
     5472          automatically reset on every VM startup. See
     5473          <xref linkend="hdimagewrites" />. By default, autoreset is on.
    51915474        </para>
    51925475      </listitem>
     
    51955478        <para>
    51965479          The <computeroutput>--compact</computeroutput> option can be
    5197           used to compact disk images, i.e. remove blocks that only
    5198           contains zeroes. This will shrink a dynamically allocated
    5199           image again; it will reduce the <emphasis>physical</emphasis>
    5200           size of the image without affecting the logical size of the
    5201           virtual disk. Compaction works both for base images and for
    5202           diff images created as part of a snapshot.
     5480          used to compact disk images. Compacting removes blocks that
     5481          only contains zeroes. Using this option will shrink a
     5482          dynamically allocated image. It will reduce the
     5483          <emphasis>physical</emphasis> size of the image without
     5484          affecting the logical size of the virtual disk. Compaction
     5485          works both for base images and for differencing images created
     5486          as part of a snapshot.
    52035487        </para>
    52045488
     
    52075491          space in the guest system first be zeroed out using a suitable
    52085492          software tool. For Windows guests, you can use the
    5209           <computeroutput>sdelete</computeroutput> tool provided by
    5210           Microsoft. Execute <computeroutput>sdelete -z</computeroutput>
    5211           in the guest to zero the free disk space before compressing
    5212           the virtual disk image. For Linux, use the
    5213           <code>zerofree</code> utility which supports ext2/ext3
    5214           filesystems. For Mac OS X guests, use the <code>diskutil
    5215           secureErase freespace 0 /</code> command line from an elevated
    5216           Terminal.
     5493          <command>sdelete</command> tool provided by Microsoft. Run
     5494          <command>sdelete -z</command> in the guest to zero the free
     5495          disk space, before compressing the virtual disk image. For
     5496          Linux, use the <command>zerofree</command> utility which
     5497          supports ext2/ext3 filesystems. For Mac OS X guests, use the
     5498          <computeroutput>diskutil secureErase freespace 0
     5499          /</computeroutput> command from an elevated Terminal.
    52175500        </para>
    52185501
     
    52295512        <para>
    52305513          The <computeroutput>--resize x</computeroutput> option, where
    5231           x is the desired new total space in
    5232           <emphasis role="bold">megabytes</emphasis> enables you to
     5514          x is the desired new total space in megabytes enables you to
    52335515          change the capacity of an existing image. This adjusts the
    52345516          <emphasis>logical</emphasis> size of a virtual disk without
    52355517          affecting the physical size much.
    5236 
    5237           <footnote>
    5238 
    5239             <para>
    5240               Image resizing was added with VirtualBox 4.0.
    5241             </para>
    5242 
    5243           </footnote>
    5244 
    5245           This currently works only for VDI and VHD formats, and only
    5246           for the dynamically allocated variants, and can only be used
    5247           to expand (not shrink) the capacity. For example, if you
    5248           originally created a 10 GB disk which is now full, you can use
    5249           the <computeroutput>--resize 15360</computeroutput> command to
    5250           change the capacity to 15 GB (15,360 MB) without having to
    5251           create a new image and copy all data from within a virtual
    5252           machine. Note however that this only changes the drive
     5518        </para>
     5519
     5520        <para>
     5521          This option currently works only for VDI and VHD formats, and
     5522          only for the dynamically allocated variants. It can only be
     5523          used to expand, but not shrink, the capacity. For example, if
     5524          you originally created a 10 GB disk which is now full, you can
     5525          use the <computeroutput>--resize 15360</computeroutput>
     5526          command to change the capacity to 15 GB (15,360 MB) without
     5527          having to create a new image and copy all data from within a
     5528          virtual machine. Note however that this only changes the drive
    52535529          capacity. You will typically next need to use a partition
    52545530          management tool inside the guest to adjust the main partition
     
    52725548      </listitem>
    52735549
    5274      <listitem>
    5275        <para>
    5276          The <computeroutput>--setlocation &lt;path&gt;</computeroutput>
    5277          option can be used to set new location &lt;path&gt; of the
    5278          medium on the host file system if the medium had been moved
    5279          for any reasons. The path can be either relative to the
    5280          current directory or absolute.
    5281        </para>
    5282 
    5283        <para>
    5284          Note, the new location is used as is, without any sanity checks,
    5285          so user is responsible to set correct path.
    5286        </para>
    5287      </listitem>
     5550      <listitem>
     5551        <para>
     5552          The <computeroutput>--setlocation
     5553          &lt;path&gt;</computeroutput> option can be used to set the
     5554          new location &lt;path&gt; of the medium on the host file
     5555          system if the medium has been moved for any reasons. The path
     5556          can be either relative to the current directory or absolute.
     5557        </para>
     5558
     5559        <note>
     5560          <para>
     5561            The new location is used as is, without any sanity checks.
     5562            The user is responsible for setting the correct path.
     5563          </para>
     5564        </note>
     5565      </listitem>
    52885566
    52895567    </itemizedlist>
     
    52965574
    52975575    <para>
    5298       This command duplicates a virtual disk/DVD/floppy medium to a new
    5299       medium, usually an image file, with a new unique identifier
     5576      This command duplicates a virtual disk, DVD, or floppy medium to a
     5577      new medium, usually an image file, with a new unique identifier
    53005578      (UUID). The new image can be transferred to another host system or
    5301       reimported into VirtualBox using the Virtual Media Manager. See
    5302       <xref linkend="vdis" /> and <xref linkend="cloningvdis" />. The
    5303       syntax is as follows:
     5579      reimported into &product-name; using the Virtual Media Manager.
     5580      See <xref linkend="vdis" /> and <xref linkend="cloningvdis" />.
     5581      The syntax is as follows:
    53045582    </para>
    53055583
     
    53135591      The medium to clone as well as the target image must be described
    53145592      either by its UUIDs, if the mediums are registered, or by its
    5315       filename. Registered images can be listed by
    5316       <computeroutput>VBoxManage list hdds</computeroutput>. See
    5317       <xref linkend="vboxmanage-list" />. A filename must be specified
    5318       as valid path, either as an absolute path or as a relative path
    5319       starting from the current directory.
     5593      filename. Registered images can be listed by <command>VBoxManage
     5594      list hdds</command>. See <xref linkend="vboxmanage-list" />. A
     5595      filename must be specified as valid path, either as an absolute
     5596      path or as a relative path starting from the current directory.
    53205597    </para>
    53215598
     
    53335610        <listitem>
    53345611          <para>
    5335             Allow to choose a file format for the output file different
    5336             from the file format of the input file.
     5612            Set a file format for the output file different from the
     5613            file format of the input file.
    53375614          </para>
    53385615        </listitem>
     
    53465623        <listitem>
    53475624          <para>
    5348             Allow to choose a file format variant for the output file.
    5349             It is a comma-separated list of variant flags. Not all
    5350             combinations are supported, and specifying inconsistent
    5351             flags will result in an error message.
     5625            Set a file format variant for the output file. This is a
     5626            comma-separated list of variant flags. Not all combinations
     5627            are supported, and specifying inconsistent flags will result
     5628            in an error message.
    53525629          </para>
    53535630        </listitem>
     
    53765653    <note>
    53775654      <para>
    5378         For compatibility with earlier versions of VirtualBox, the
    5379         "clonevdi" and "clonehd" commands are still supported and mapped
    5380         internally to the "clonehd disk" command.
     5655        For compatibility with earlier versions of &product-name;, the
     5656        <command>clonevdi</command> and <command>clonehd</command>
     5657        commands are still supported and mapped internally to the
     5658        <command>clonehd disk</command> command.
    53815659      </para>
    53825660    </note>
     
    53895667
    53905668    <para>
    5391       This command sets up, gets or deletes a medium property. The
    5392       syntax is as follows:
     5669      This command sets, gets, or deletes a medium property. The syntax
     5670      is as follows:
    53935671    </para>
    53945672
     
    54025680          Use <computeroutput>&lt;disk|dvd|floppy&gt;</computeroutput>
    54035681          to optionally specify the type of medium: disk (hard drive),
    5404           dvd or floppy.
     5682          dvd, or floppy.
    54055683        </para>
    54065684      </listitem>
     
    54095687        <para>
    54105688          Use <computeroutput>&lt;uuid|filename&gt;</computeroutput> to
    5411           supply either the uuid or absolute path of the medium/image to
    5412           be encrypted.
     5689          supply either the UUID or absolute path of the medium or
     5690          image.
    54135691        </para>
    54145692      </listitem>
     
    54395717          Use <computeroutput>&lt;disk|dvd|floppy&gt;</computeroutput>
    54405718          to optionally specify the type of medium: disk (hard drive),
    5441           dvd or floppy.
     5719          dvd, or floppy.
    54425720        </para>
    54435721      </listitem>
     
    54465724        <para>
    54475725          Use <computeroutput>&lt;uuid|filename&gt;</computeroutput> to
    5448           supply either the uuid or absolute path of the medium/image to
    5449           be encrypted.
     5726          supply either the UUID or absolute path of the medium or
     5727          image.
    54505728        </para>
    54515729      </listitem>
     
    54695747          Use <computeroutput>&lt;disk|dvd|floppy&gt;</computeroutput>
    54705748          to optionally specify the type of medium: disk (hard drive),
    5471           dvd or floppy.
     5749          dvd, or floppy.
    54725750        </para>
    54735751      </listitem>
     
    54765754        <para>
    54775755          Use <computeroutput>&lt;uuid|filename&gt;</computeroutput> to
    5478           supply either the uuid or absolute path of the medium/image.
     5756          supply either the UUID or absolute path of the medium or
     5757          image.
    54795758        </para>
    54805759      </listitem>
     
    54965775
    54975776    <para>
    5498       This command is used to create a DEK encrypted medium/image. See
    5499       <xref linkend="diskencryption-encryption" />.
     5777      This command is used to create a DEK encrypted medium or image.
     5778      See <xref linkend="diskencryption-encryption" />.
    55005779    </para>
    55015780
     
    55145793      <listitem>
    55155794        <para>
    5516           use <computeroutput>&lt;uuid|filename&gt;</computeroutput> to
    5517           supply the uuid or absolute path of the medium/image to be
     5795          Use <computeroutput>&lt;uuid|filename&gt;</computeroutput> to
     5796          supply the UUID or absolute path of the medium or image to be
    55185797          encrypted.
    55195798        </para>
     
    55245803          Use <computeroutput>--newpassword
    55255804          &lt;file|-&gt;</computeroutput> to supply a new encryption
    5526           password; either specify the absolute pathname of a password
     5805          password. Either specify the absolute pathname of a password
    55275806          file on the host operating system, or
    55285807          <computeroutput>-</computeroutput> to prompt you for the
     
    55355814      <listitem>
    55365815        <para>
    5537           use <computeroutput>--oldpassword
     5816          Use <computeroutput>--oldpassword
    55385817          &lt;file|-&gt;</computeroutput> to supply any old encryption
    5539           password; either specify the absolute pathname of a password
     5818          password. Either specify the absolute pathname of a password
    55405819          file on the host operating system, or
    55415820          <computeroutput>-</computeroutput> to prompt you for the old
     
    55445823
    55455824        <para>
    5546           Use this option to gain access to an encrypted medium/image to
    5547           change its password using
    5548           <computeroutput>--newpassword</computeroutput> and/or change
    5549           its encryption using
    5550           <computeroutput>--cipher</computeroutput>.
     5825          Use this option to gain access to an encrypted medium or image
     5826          to either change its password using
     5827          <computeroutput>--newpassword</computeroutput> or change its
     5828          encryption using <computeroutput>--cipher</computeroutput>.
    55515829        </para>
    55525830      </listitem>
     
    55555833        <para>
    55565834          Use <computeroutput>--cipher &lt;cipher&gt;</computeroutput>
    5557           to specify the cipher to use for encryption; this can be
     5835          to specify the cipher to use for encryption. This can be
    55585836          either <computeroutput>AES-XTS128-PLAIN64</computeroutput> or
    55595837          <computeroutput>AES-XTS256-PLAIN64</computeroutput>.
     
    55625840        <para>
    55635841          Use this option to change any existing encryption on the
    5564           medium/image, or setup new encryption on it for the 1st time.
     5842          medium or image, or to set up new encryption on it for the
     5843          first time.
    55655844        </para>
    55665845      </listitem>
     
    55705849          Use <computeroutput>--newpasswordid &lt;password
    55715850          id&gt;</computeroutput> to supply the new password identifier.
    5572           This can be freely chosen by the user, and is used for correct
     5851          This can be chosen by the user, and is used for correct
    55735852          identification when supplying multiple passwords during VM
    55745853          startup.
     
    55925871    <para>
    55935872      This command is used to check the current encryption password on a
    5594       DEK encrypted medium/image. See
     5873      DEK encrypted medium or image. See
    55955874      <xref linkend="diskencryption-encryption" />.
    55965875    </para>
     
    56085887        <para>
    56095888          Use <computeroutput>&lt;uuid|filename&gt;</computeroutput> to
    5610           supply the uuid or absolute path of the medium/image to be
     5889          supply the UUID or absolute path of the medium or image to be
    56115890          checked.
    56125891        </para>
     
    56325911
    56335912    <para>
    5634       This command converts a raw disk image to a VirtualBox Disk Image
    5635       (VDI) file. The syntax is as follows:
     5913      This command converts a raw disk image to a &product-name; Disk
     5914      Image (VDI) file. The syntax is as follows:
    56365915    </para>
    56375916
     
    56465925
    56475926    <para>
    5648       where the parameters mean:
     5927      The parameters are as follows:
    56495928    </para>
    56505929
     
    56715950        <listitem>
    56725951          <para>
    5673             Select the disk image format to create. Default is VDI.
    5674             Other options are VMDK and VHD.
     5952            Select the disk image format to create. The default format
     5953            is VDI. Other options are VMDK and VHD.
    56755954          </para>
    56765955        </listitem>
     
    56845963        <listitem>
    56855964          <para>
    5686             Allow to choose a file format variant for the output file.
    5687             It is a comma-separated list of variant flags. Not all
    5688             combinations are supported, and specifying inconsistent
    5689             flags will result in an error message.
     5965            Choose a file format variant for the output file. This is a
     5966            comma-separated list of variant flags. Not all combinations
     5967            are supported, and specifying inconsistent flags will result
     5968            in an error message.
    56905969          </para>
    56915970        </listitem>
     
    56995978        <listitem>
    57005979          <para>
    5701             Allow to specifiy the UUID of the output file.
     5980            Specify the UUID of the output file.
    57025981          </para>
    57035982        </listitem>
     
    57075986
    57085987    <para>
    5709       The second form forces VBoxManage to read the content for the disk
    5710       image from standard input (useful for using that command in a
    5711       pipe).
    5712     </para>
    5713 
    5714     <para>
    5715       <note>
    5716         <para>
    5717           For compatibility with earlier versions of VirtualBox, the
    5718           "convertdd" command is also supported and mapped internally to
    5719           the "convertfromraw" command.
    5720         </para>
    5721       </note>
    5722     </para>
     5988      The <command>stdin</command> form of the command forces
     5989      <command>VBoxManage</command> to read the content of the disk
     5990      image from standard input. This useful when using the command in a
     5991      pipe.
     5992    </para>
     5993
     5994    <note>
     5995      <para>
     5996        For compatibility with earlier versions of &product-name;, the
     5997        <command>convertdd</command> command is also supported and
     5998        mapped internally to the <command>convertfromraw</command>
     5999        command.
     6000      </para>
     6001    </note>
    57236002
    57246003  </sect1>
     
    57296008
    57306009    <para>
    5731       These commands let you attach and retrieve string data to a
    5732       virtual machine or to a VirtualBox configuration, by specifying
    5733       <computeroutput>global</computeroutput> instead of a virtual
    5734       machine name. You must specify a key as a text string to associate
    5735       the data with, which you can later use to retrieve it. For
    5736       example:
     6010      These commands enable you to attach and retrieve string data for a
     6011      virtual machine or for a &product-name; configuration, by
     6012      specifying <computeroutput>global</computeroutput> instead of a
     6013      virtual machine name. You must specify a keyword as a text string
     6014      to associate the data with, which you can later use to retrieve
     6015      it. For example:
    57376016    </para>
    57386017
     
    57416020
    57426021    <para>
    5743       would associate the string "2006.01.01" with the key installdate
    5744       for the virtual machine Fedora5, and "2006.02.02" on the machine
    5745       SUSE10. You could retrieve the information as follows:
     6022      This example would associate the string "2006.01.01" with the
     6023      keyword installdate for the virtual machine Fedora5, and
     6024      "2006.02.02" on the machine SUSE10. You could then retrieve the
     6025      information as follows:
    57466026    </para>
    57476027
     
    57496029
    57506030    <para>
    5751       which would return
     6031      This would return the following:
    57526032    </para>
    57536033
     
    57596039
    57606040    <para>
    5761       You could retrieve the information for all keys as follows:
     6041      You could retrieve the information for all keywords as follows:
    57626042    </para>
    57636043
     
    57656045
    57666046    <para>
    5767       To remove a key, the <computeroutput>setextradata</computeroutput>
    5768       command must be run without specifying data, only the key. For
     6047      To remove a keyword, the <command>setextradata</command> command
     6048      must be run without specifying data, only the keyword. For
    57696049      example:
    57706050    </para>
     
    57806060    <para>
    57816061      This command is used to change global settings which affect the
    5782       entire VirtualBox installation. Some of these correspond to the
    5783       settings in the "Global settings" dialog in the graphical user
    5784       interface. The following properties are available:
     6062      entire &product-name; installation. Some of these correspond to
     6063      the settings in the <emphasis role="bold">Global
     6064      Settings</emphasis> dialog in the graphical user interface. The
     6065      following properties are available:
    57856066    </para>
    57866067
     
    57946075        <listitem>
    57956076          <para>
    5796             This specifies the default folder in which virtual machine
     6077            Specifies the default folder in which virtual machine
    57976078            definitions are kept. See <xref linkend="vboxconfigdata" />.
    57986079          </para>
     
    58076088        <listitem>
    58086089          <para>
    5809             This specifies whether VirtualBox will make exclusive use of
     6090            Specifies whether &product-name; will make exclusive use of
    58106091            the hardware virtualization extensions (Intel VT-x or AMD-V)
    58116092            of the host system's processor. See
     
    58256106        <listitem>
    58266107          <para>
    5827             This specifies which library to use when "external"
    5828             authentication has been selected for a particular virtual
    5829             machine. See <xref linkend="vbox-auth" />.
     6108            Specifies which library to use when external authentication
     6109            has been selected for a particular virtual machine. See
     6110            <xref linkend="vbox-auth" />.
    58306111          </para>
    58316112        </listitem>
     
    58396120        <listitem>
    58406121          <para>
    5841             This specifies which library the web service uses to
    5842             authenticate users. For details about the VirtualBox web
    5843             service, please refer to the separate VirtualBox SDK
    5844             reference. See <xref
     6122            Specifies which library the web service uses to authenticate
     6123            users. For details about the &product-name; web service, see
     6124            the &product-name; SDK reference,
     6125            <xref
    58456126            linkend="VirtualBoxAPI" />.
    58466127          </para>
     
    58556136        <listitem>
    58566137          <para>
    5857             This specifies which library implements the VirtualBox
    5858             Remote Desktop Extension.
     6138            Specifies which library implements the VirtualBox Remote
     6139            Desktop Extension.
    58596140          </para>
    58606141        </listitem>
     
    58686149        <listitem>
    58696150          <para>
    5870             This selects how many rotated (old) VM logs are kept.
     6151            Selects how many rotated VM logs are retained.
    58716152          </para>
    58726153        </listitem>
     
    58806161        <listitem>
    58816162          <para>
    5882             This selects the path to the autostart database. See
     6163            Selects the path to the autostart database. See
    58836164            <xref linkend="autostart" />.
    58846165          </para>
     
    58936174        <listitem>
    58946175          <para>
    5895             This selects the global default VM frontend setting. See
     6176            Selects the global default VM frontend setting. See
    58966177            <xref linkend="vboxmanage-startvm" />.
    58976178          </para>
     
    59066187        <listitem>
    59076188          <para>
    5908             This configures the VBoxSVC release logging details.
    5909 
    5910             <footnote>
    5911 
    5912               <para>
    5913                 <ulink url="http://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/VBoxLogging">http://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/VBoxLogging</ulink>.
    5914               </para>
    5915 
    5916             </footnote>
     6189            Configures the VBoxSVC release logging details. See
     6190            <ulink url="http://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/VBoxLogging">http://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/VBoxLogging</ulink>.
     6191          </para>
     6192        </listitem>
     6193      </varlistentry>
     6194
     6195      <varlistentry>
     6196        <term>
     6197          <computeroutput>proxymode</computeroutput>
     6198        </term>
     6199
     6200        <listitem>
     6201          <para>
     6202            Configures the mode for an HTTP proxy server.
     6203          </para>
     6204        </listitem>
     6205      </varlistentry>
     6206
     6207      <varlistentry>
     6208        <term>
     6209          <computeroutput>proxyurl</computeroutput>
     6210        </term>
     6211
     6212        <listitem>
     6213          <para>
     6214            Configures the URL for an HTTP proxy server. Used when a
     6215            manual proxy is configured using the
     6216            <computeroutput>manual</computeroutput> setting of the
     6217            <computeroutput>proxymode</computeroutput> property.
    59176218          </para>
    59186219        </listitem>
     
    59626263
    59636264    <para>
    5964       The <computeroutput>usbfilter</computeroutput> commands are used
    5965       for working with USB filters in virtual machines, or global
    5966       filters which affect the whole VirtualBox setup. Global filters
    5967       are applied before machine-specific filters, and may be used to
    5968       prevent devices from being captured by any virtual machine. Global
    5969       filters are always applied in a particular order, and only the
    5970       first filter which fits a device is applied. So for example, if
    5971       the first global filter says to hold (make available) a particular
    5972       Kingston memory stick device and the second to ignore all Kingston
    5973       devices, that memory stick will be available to any machine with
    5974       an appropriate filter, but no other Kingston device will.
    5975     </para>
    5976 
    5977     <para>
    5978       When creating a USB filter using <computeroutput>usbfilter
    5979       add</computeroutput>, you must supply three or four mandatory
    5980       parameters. The index specifies the position in the list at which
    5981       the filter should be placed. If there is already a filter at that
    5982       position, then it and the following ones will be shifted back one
    5983       place. Otherwise the new filter will be added onto the end of the
    5984       list. The <computeroutput>target</computeroutput> parameter
    5985       selects the virtual machine that the filter should be attached to
    5986       or use "global" to apply it to all virtual machines.
    5987       <computeroutput>name</computeroutput> is a name for the new filter
    5988       and for global filters, <computeroutput>action</computeroutput>
    5989       says whether to allow VMs access to devices that fit the filter
    5990       description ("hold") or not to give them access ("ignore"). In
    5991       addition, you should specify parameters to filter by. You can find
    5992       the parameters for devices attached to your system using
    5993       <computeroutput>VBoxManage list usbhost</computeroutput>. Finally,
    5994       you can specify whether the filter should be active, and for local
    5995       filters, whether they are for local devices, remote (over an RDP
    5996       connection) or either.
    5997     </para>
    5998 
    5999     <para>
    6000       When you modify a USB filter using <computeroutput>usbfilter
    6001       modify</computeroutput>, you must specify the filter by index and
    6002       by target, which is either a virtual machine or "global". See the
    6003       output of <computeroutput>VBoxManage list
    6004       usbfilters</computeroutput> to find global filter indexes and
    6005       <computeroutput>VBoxManage showvminfo</computeroutput> to find
    6006       indexes for individual machines. The properties which can be
    6007       changed are the same as for <computeroutput>usbfilter
    6008       add</computeroutput>. To remove a filter, use
    6009       <computeroutput>usbfilter remove</computeroutput> and specify the
    6010       index and the target.
    6011     </para>
    6012 
    6013     <para>
    6014       The following is a list of the additional
    6015       <computeroutput>usbfilter add</computeroutput> and
    6016       <computeroutput>usbfilter modify</computeroutput> options, with
    6017       detailed explanations on how to use them.
     6265      The <command>usbfilter</command> commands are used for working
     6266      with USB filters in virtual machines, or global filters which
     6267      affect the whole &product-name; setup. Global filters are applied
     6268      before machine-specific filters, and may be used to prevent
     6269      devices from being captured by any virtual machine. Global filters
     6270      are always applied in a particular order, and only the first
     6271      filter which fits a device is applied. For example, if the first
     6272      global filter says to hold, or make available, a particular
     6273      Kingston memory stick device and the second filter says to ignore
     6274      all Kingston devices. That particular Kingston memory stick will
     6275      be available to any machine with the appropriate filter, but no
     6276      other Kingston device will.
     6277    </para>
     6278
     6279    <para>
     6280      When creating a USB filter using <command>usbfilter add</command>,
     6281      you must supply three or four mandatory parameters. The index
     6282      specifies the position in the list at which the filter should be
     6283      placed. If there is already a filter at that position, then it and
     6284      the following ones will be shifted back one place. Otherwise, the
     6285      new filter will be added onto the end of the list. The
     6286      <computeroutput>target</computeroutput> parameter selects the
     6287      virtual machine that the filter should be attached to or use
     6288      <computeroutput>global</computeroutput> to apply it to all virtual
     6289      machines. <computeroutput>name</computeroutput> is a name for the
     6290      new filter. For global filters,
     6291      <computeroutput>action</computeroutput> says whether to allow VMs
     6292      access to devices that fit the filter description (hold) or not to
     6293      give them access (ignore). In addition, you should specify
     6294      parameters to filter by. You can find the parameters for devices
     6295      attached to your system using <command>VBoxManage list
     6296      usbhost</command>. Finally, you can specify whether the filter
     6297      should be active. For local filters, whether they are for local
     6298      devices, remote devices over an RDP connection, or either.
     6299    </para>
     6300
     6301    <para>
     6302      When you modify a USB filter using <command>usbfilter
     6303      modify</command>, you must specify the filter by index and by
     6304      target, which is either a virtual machine or
     6305      <computeroutput>global</computeroutput>. See the output of
     6306      <command>VBoxManage list usbfilters</command> to find global
     6307      filter indexes and <command>VBoxManage showvminfo</command> to
     6308      find indexes for individual machines. The properties which can be
     6309      changed are the same as for <command>usbfilter add</command>. To
     6310      remove a filter, use <command>usbfilter remove</command> and
     6311      specify the index and the target.
     6312    </para>
     6313
     6314    <para>
     6315      The following is a list of the additional <command>usbfilter
     6316      add</command> and <command>usbfilter modify</command> options,
     6317      with details of how to use them.
    60186318    </para>
    60196319
     
    60226322      <listitem>
    60236323        <para>
    6024           <computeroutput>--action ignore|hold</computeroutput>Specifies
    6025           whether devices that fit the filter description are allowed
    6026           access by machines ("hold"), or have access denied ("ignore").
    6027           Applies to global filters only.
    6028         </para>
    6029       </listitem>
    6030 
    6031       <listitem>
    6032         <para>
    6033           <computeroutput>--active yes|no</computeroutput>Specifies
     6324          <computeroutput>--action ignore|hold</computeroutput>:
     6325          Specifies whether devices that fit the filter description are
     6326          allowed access by machines (hold), or have access denied
     6327          (ignore). Applies to global filters only.
     6328        </para>
     6329      </listitem>
     6330
     6331      <listitem>
     6332        <para>
     6333          <computeroutput>--active yes|no</computeroutput>: Specifies
    60346334          whether the USB Filter is active or temporarily disabled. For
    60356335          <computeroutput>usbfilter create</computeroutput> the default
     
    60406340      <listitem>
    60416341        <para>
    6042           <computeroutput>--vendorid
    6043           &lt;XXXX&gt;|""</computeroutput>Specifies a vendor ID filter -
    6044           the string representation for the exact matching has the form
    6045           XXXX, where X is the hex digit (including leading zeroes).
    6046         </para>
    6047       </listitem>
    6048 
    6049       <listitem>
    6050         <para>
    6051           <computeroutput>--productid
    6052           &lt;XXXX&gt;|""</computeroutput>Specifies a product ID filter
    6053           - The string representation for the exact matching has the
    6054           form XXXX, where X is the hex digit (including leading
    6055           zeroes).
    6056         </para>
    6057       </listitem>
    6058 
    6059       <listitem>
    6060         <para>
    6061           <computeroutput>--revision
    6062           &lt;IIFF&gt;|""</computeroutput>Specifies a revision ID filter
    6063           - the string representation for the exact matching has the
    6064           form IIFF, where I is the decimal digit of the integer part of
    6065           the revision, and F is the decimal digit of its fractional
    6066           part (including leading and trailing zeros). Note that for
    6067           interval filters, it's best to use the hex form, because the
    6068           revision is stored as a 16 bit packed BCD value; so the
    6069           expression int:0x0100-0x0199 will match any revision from 1.0
    6070           to 1.99 inclusive.
     6342          <computeroutput>--vendorid &lt;XXXX&gt;|""</computeroutput>:
     6343          Specifies a vendor ID filter. The string representation for an
     6344          exact match has the form XXXX, where X is the hexadecimal
     6345          digit, including leading zeroes.
     6346        </para>
     6347      </listitem>
     6348
     6349      <listitem>
     6350        <para>
     6351          <computeroutput>--productid &lt;XXXX&gt;|""</computeroutput>:
     6352          Specifies a product ID filter. The string representation for
     6353          an exact match has the form XXXX, where X is the hexadecimal
     6354          digit, including leading zeroes.
     6355        </para>
     6356      </listitem>
     6357
     6358      <listitem>
     6359        <para>
     6360          <computeroutput>--revision &lt;IIFF&gt;|""</computeroutput>:
     6361          Specifies a revision ID filter. The string representation for
     6362          an exact match has the form IIFF, where I is the decimal digit
     6363          of the integer part of the revision, and F is the decimal
     6364          digit of its fractional part, including leading and trailing
     6365          zeros. Note that for interval filters, it is best to use the
     6366          hexadecimal form, because the revision is stored as a 16-bit
     6367          packed BCD value. Therefore, the expression int:0x0100-0x0199
     6368          will match any revision from 1.0 to 1.99 inclusive.
    60716369        </para>
    60726370      </listitem>
     
    60756373        <para>
    60766374          <computeroutput>--manufacturer
    6077           &lt;string&gt;|""</computeroutput>Specifies a manufacturer ID
    6078           filter, as a string.
    6079         </para>
    6080       </listitem>
    6081 
    6082       <listitem>
    6083         <para>
    6084           <computeroutput>--product
    6085           &lt;string&gt;|""</computeroutput>Specifies a product ID
    6086           filter, as a string.
    6087         </para>
    6088       </listitem>
    6089 
    6090       <listitem>
    6091         <para>
    6092           <computeroutput>--remote yes|no""</computeroutput>Specifies a
    6093           remote filter - indicating whether the device is physically
     6375          &lt;string&gt;|""</computeroutput>: Specifies a manufacturer
     6376          ID filter, as a string.
     6377        </para>
     6378      </listitem>
     6379
     6380      <listitem>
     6381        <para>
     6382          <computeroutput>--product &lt;string&gt;|""</computeroutput>:
     6383          Specifies a product ID filter, as a string.
     6384        </para>
     6385      </listitem>
     6386
     6387      <listitem>
     6388        <para>
     6389          <computeroutput>--remote yes|no""</computeroutput>: Specifies
     6390          a remote filter, indicating whether the device is physically
    60946391          connected to a remote VRDE client or to a local host machine.
    60956392          Applies to VM filters only.
     
    61006397        <para>
    61016398          <computeroutput>--serialnumber
    6102           &lt;string&gt;|""</computeroutput>Specifies a serial number
     6399          &lt;string&gt;|""</computeroutput>: Specifies a serial number
    61036400          filter, as a string.
    61046401        </para>
     
    61086405        <para>
    61096406          <computeroutput>--maskedinterfaces
    6110           &lt;XXXXXXXX&gt;</computeroutput>Specifies a masked interface
    6111           filter, for hiding one or more USB interfaces from the guest.
    6112           The value is a bit mask where the set bits correspond to the
    6113           USB interfaces that should be hidden, or masked off. This
    6114           feature only works on Linux hosts.
     6407          &lt;XXXXXXXX&gt;</computeroutput>: Specifies a masked
     6408          interface filter, for hiding one or more USB interfaces from
     6409          the guest. The value is a bit mask where the set bits
     6410          correspond to the USB interfaces that should be hidden, or
     6411          masked off. This feature only works on Linux hosts.
    61156412        </para>
    61166413      </listitem>
     
    61316428
    61326429    <para>
    6133       This command allows you to share folders on the host computer with
    6134       guest operating systems. For this, the guest systems must have a
    6135       version of the VirtualBox Guest Additions installed which supports
    6136       this functionality.
     6430      This command enables you to share folders on the host computer
     6431      with guest operating systems. For this, the guest systems must
     6432      have a version of the &product-name; Guest Additions installed
     6433      which supports this functionality.
    61376434    </para>
    61386435
     
    61456442      <listitem>
    61466443        <para>
    6147           <computeroutput>&lt;uuid|vmname&gt;</computeroutput> Specifies
    6148           the UUID or name of the VM whose guest operating system will
    6149           be sharing folders with the host computer. Mandatory.
    6150         </para>
    6151       </listitem>
    6152 
    6153       <listitem>
    6154         <para>
    6155           <computeroutput>--name &lt;name&gt;</computeroutput> Specifies
    6156           the name of the share. Each share has a unique name within the
    6157           namespace of the host operating system. Mandatory.
    6158         </para>
    6159       </listitem>
    6160 
    6161       <listitem>
    6162         <para>
    6163           <computeroutput>-hostpath &lt;hostpath&gt;</computeroutput>
     6444          <computeroutput>&lt;uuid|vmname&gt;</computeroutput>:
     6445          Specifies the UUID or name of the VM whose guest operating
     6446          system will be sharing folders with the host computer.
     6447          Mandatory.
     6448        </para>
     6449      </listitem>
     6450
     6451      <listitem>
     6452        <para>
     6453          <computeroutput>--name &lt;name&gt;</computeroutput>:
     6454          Specifies the name of the share. Each share has a unique name
     6455          within the namespace of the host operating system. Mandatory.
     6456        </para>
     6457      </listitem>
     6458
     6459      <listitem>
     6460        <para>
     6461          <computeroutput>-hostpath &lt;hostpath&gt;</computeroutput>:
    61646462          Specifies the absolute path on the host operating system of
    6165           the folder/directory to be shared with the guest operating
    6166           system. Mandatory.
    6167         </para>
    6168       </listitem>
    6169 
    6170       <listitem>
    6171         <para>
    6172           <computeroutput>-transient</computeroutput> Specifies that the
    6173           share is 'transient', meaning that it can be added and removed
    6174           at runtime and does not persist after the VM has stopped.
    6175           Optional.
    6176         </para>
    6177       </listitem>
    6178 
    6179       <listitem>
    6180         <para>
    6181           <computeroutput>-readonly</computeroutput> Specifies that the
     6463          the directory to be shared with the guest operating system.
     6464          Mandatory.
     6465        </para>
     6466      </listitem>
     6467
     6468      <listitem>
     6469        <para>
     6470          <computeroutput>-transient</computeroutput>: Specifies that
     6471          the share is transient, meaning that it can be added and
     6472          removed at runtime and does not persist after the VM has
     6473          stopped. Optional.
     6474        </para>
     6475      </listitem>
     6476
     6477      <listitem>
     6478        <para>
     6479          <computeroutput>-readonly</computeroutput>: Specifies that the
    61826480          share has only read-only access to files at the host path.
    61836481        </para>
     
    61856483        <para>
    61866484          By default, shared folders have read/write access to the files
    6187           at the host path. More specifically, on Linux distros - shared
    6188           folders are mounted with 770 io permissions with root user and
    6189           vboxsf as the group, and using this option the io permissions
    6190           change to 700. Optional.
    6191         </para>
    6192       </listitem>
    6193 
    6194       <listitem>
    6195         <para>
    6196           <computeroutput>-automount</computeroutput> Specifies that the
    6197           share will be automatically mounted. On Linux distros, this
    6198           will be to either /media/USER/sf_&lt;name&gt; or
    6199           /media/sf_&lt;name&gt; - depending on your guest OS. Where
    6200           &lt;name&gt; is the share name. Optional.
     6485          on the host path. On Linux distributions, shared folders are
     6486          mounted with 770 file permissions with root user and vboxsf as
     6487          the group. Using this option the file permissions change to
     6488          700. Optional.
     6489        </para>
     6490      </listitem>
     6491
     6492      <listitem>
     6493        <para>
     6494          <computeroutput>-automount</computeroutput>: Specifies that
     6495          the share will be automatically mounted. On Linux
     6496          distributions, this will be to either
     6497          <computeroutput>/media/USER/sf_&lt;name&gt;</computeroutput>
     6498          or <computeroutput>/media/sf_&lt;name&gt;</computeroutput>,
     6499          where &lt;name&gt; is the share named. The actual location
     6500          depends on the guest OS. Optional.
    62016501        </para>
    62026502      </listitem>
     
    62116511
    62126512    <para>
    6213       This command allows you to delete shared folders on the host
     6513      This command enables you to delete shared folders on the host
    62146514      computer shares with the guest operating systems. For this, the
    6215       guest systems must have a version of the VirtualBox Guest
     6515      guest systems must have a version of the &product-name; Guest
    62166516      Additions installed which supports this functionality.
    62176517    </para>
     
    62256525      <listitem>
    62266526        <para>
    6227           <computeroutput>&lt;uuid|vmname&gt;</computeroutput> Specifies
    6228           the UUID or name of the VM whose guest operating system is
    6229           sharing folders with the host computer. Mandatory.
    6230         </para>
    6231       </listitem>
    6232 
    6233       <listitem>
    6234         <para>
    6235           <computeroutput>--name &lt;name&gt;</computeroutput> Specifies
    6236           the name of the share to be removed. Each share has a unique
    6237           name within the namespace of the host operating system.
    6238           Mandatory.
    6239         </para>
    6240       </listitem>
    6241 
    6242       <listitem>
    6243         <para>
    6244           <computeroutput>-transient</computeroutput> Specifies that the
    6245           share is 'transient', meaning that it can be added and removed
    6246           at runtime and does not persist after the VM has stopped.
    6247           Optional.
     6527          <computeroutput>&lt;uuid|vmname&gt;</computeroutput>:
     6528          Specifies the UUID or name of the VM whose guest operating
     6529          system is sharing folders with the host computer. Mandatory.
     6530        </para>
     6531      </listitem>
     6532
     6533      <listitem>
     6534        <para>
     6535          <computeroutput>--name &lt;name&gt;</computeroutput>:
     6536          Specifies the name of the share to be removed. Each share has
     6537          a unique name within the namespace of the host operating
     6538          system. Mandatory.
     6539        </para>
     6540      </listitem>
     6541
     6542      <listitem>
     6543        <para>
     6544          <computeroutput>-transient</computeroutput>: Specifies that
     6545          the share is transient, meaning that it can be added and
     6546          removed at runtime and does not persist after the VM has
     6547          stopped. Optional.
    62486548        </para>
    62496549      </listitem>
     
    62626562
    62636563    <para>
    6264       The "guestproperty" commands allow you to get or set properties of
    6265       a running virtual machine. See
    6266       <xref linkend="guestadd-guestprops" /> for an introduction. As
    6267       explained there, guest properties are arbitrary key/value string
    6268       pairs which can be written to and read from by either the guest or
    6269       the host, so they can be used as a low-volume communication
    6270       channel for strings, provided that a guest is running and has the
    6271       Guest Additions installed. In addition, a number of values whose
    6272       keys begin with "/VirtualBox/" are automatically set and
    6273       maintained by the Guest Additions.
     6564      The <command>guestproperty</command> commands enable you to get or
     6565      set properties of a running virtual machine. See
     6566      <xref linkend="guestadd-guestprops" />. Guest properties are
     6567      arbitrary keyword-value string pairs which can be written to and
     6568      read from by either the guest or the host, so they can be used as
     6569      a low-volume communication channel for strings, provided that a
     6570      guest is running and has the Guest Additions installed. In
     6571      addition, a number of values whose keywords begin with
     6572      <computeroutput>/VirtualBox/</computeroutput>are automatically set
     6573      and maintained by the Guest Additions.
    62746574    </para>
    62756575
     
    62776577      The following subcommands are available, where
    62786578      <computeroutput>&lt;vm&gt;</computeroutput> can either be a VM
    6279       name or a VM UUID, as with the other VBoxManage commands:
     6579      name or a VM UUID, as with the other <command>VBoxManage</command>
     6580      commands:
    62806581    </para>
    62816582
     
    62856586        <para>
    62866587          <computeroutput>enumerate &lt;vm&gt; [--patterns
    6287           &lt;pattern&gt;]</computeroutput>: This lists all the guest
     6588          &lt;pattern&gt;]</computeroutput>: Lists all the guest
    62886589          properties that are available for the given VM, including the
    62896590          value. This list will be very limited if the guest's service
    6290           process cannot be contacted, e.g. because the VM is not
     6591          process cannot be contacted, for example because the VM is not
    62916592          running or the Guest Additions are not installed.
    62926593        </para>
     
    63036604          <listitem>
    63046605            <para>
    6305               <computeroutput>*</computeroutput> (asterisk): represents
    6306               any number of characters; for example,
     6606              <computeroutput>*</computeroutput> (asterisk): Represents
     6607              any number of characters. For example,
    63076608              "<computeroutput>/VirtualBox*</computeroutput>" would
    63086609              match all properties beginning with "/VirtualBox".
     
    63136614            <para>
    63146615              <computeroutput>?</computeroutput> (question mark):
    6315               represents a single arbitrary character; for example,
     6616              Represents a single arbitrary character. For example,
    63166617              "<computeroutput>fo?</computeroutput>" would match both
    63176618              "foo" and "for".
     
    63216622          <listitem>
    63226623            <para>
    6323               <computeroutput>|</computeroutput> (pipe symbol): can be
    6324               used to specify multiple alternative patterns; for
     6624              <computeroutput>|</computeroutput> (pipe symbol): Can be
     6625              used to specify multiple alternative patterns. For
    63256626              example, "<computeroutput>s*|t*</computeroutput>" would
    63266627              match anything starting with either "s" or "t".
     
    63336634      <listitem>
    63346635        <para>
    6335           <computeroutput>get &lt;vm&gt; &lt;property&gt;
    6336           </computeroutput>: This retrieves the value of a single
    6337           property only. If the property cannot be found (e.g. because
    6338           the guest is not running), this will print
     6636          <computeroutput>get &lt;vm&gt;
     6637          &lt;property&gt;</computeroutput>: Retrieves the value of a
     6638          single property only. If the property cannot be found, for
     6639          example because the guest is not running, the following
     6640          message is shown:
     6641        </para>
    63396642
    63406643<screen>No value set!</screen>
    6341         </para>
    63426644      </listitem>
    63436645
     
    63456647        <para>
    63466648          <computeroutput>set &lt;vm&gt; &lt;property&gt; [&lt;value&gt;
    6347           [--flags &lt;flags&gt;]]</computeroutput>: This allows you to
    6348           set a guest property by specifying the key and value. If
     6649          [--flags &lt;flags&gt;]]</computeroutput>: Enables you to set
     6650          a guest property by specifying the keyword and value. If
    63496651          <computeroutput>&lt;value&gt;</computeroutput> is omitted, the
    63506652          property is deleted. With
     
    63666668            <para>
    63676669              <computeroutput>TRANSRESET</computeroutput>: The value
    6368               will be deleted as soon as the VM restarts and/or exits.
     6670              will be deleted as soon as the VM restarts or exits.
    63696671            </para>
    63706672          </listitem>
     
    63996701        <para>
    64006702          <computeroutput>wait &lt;vm&gt; &lt;pattern&gt; --timeout
    6401           &lt;timeout&gt;</computeroutput>: This waits for a particular
    6402           value described by "pattern" to change or to be deleted or
    6403           created. The pattern rules are the same as for the "enumerate"
    6404           subcommand above.
     6703          &lt;timeout&gt;</computeroutput>: Waits for a particular value
     6704          described by the pattern string to change or to be deleted or
     6705          created. The pattern rules are the same as for the
     6706          <command>enumerate</command> subcommand.
    64056707        </para>
    64066708      </listitem>
     
    64096711        <para>
    64106712          <computeroutput>delete &lt;vm&gt;
    6411           &lt;property&gt;</computeroutput>: Deletes a formerly set
    6412           guest property.
     6713          &lt;property&gt;</computeroutput>: Deletes a guest property
     6714          which has been set previously.
    64136715        </para>
    64146716      </listitem>
     
    64236725
    64246726    <para>
    6425       The <computeroutput>guestcontrol</computeroutput> commands enable
    6426       control of the guest from the host. See
     6727      The <command>guestcontrol</command> commands enable control of the
     6728      guest from the host. See
    64276729      <xref
    64286730    linkend="guestadd-guestcontrol" /> for an introduction.
     
    64306732
    64316733    <para>
    6432       guestcontrol has two sets of subcommands. The first set requires
    6433       guest credentials to be specified, the second does not.
    6434     </para>
    6435 
    6436     <para>
    6437       The first set of subcommands is of the form:
     6734      The <command>guestcontrol</command> command has two sets of
     6735      subcommands. The first set requires guest credentials to be
     6736      specified, the second does not.
     6737    </para>
     6738
     6739    <para>
     6740      The first set of subcommands is of the following form:
    64386741    </para>
    64396742
     
    64466749
    64476750    <para>
    6448       The "common-options" are:
     6751      The common options are as follows:
    64496752    </para>
    64506753
     
    64576760
    64586761    <para>
    6459       Where details of the common options for the first set of
    6460       subcommands are:
     6762      The common options for the first set of subcommands are explained
     6763      in the following list.
    64616764    </para>
    64626765
     
    65446847
    65456848    <para>
    6546       The first set of subcommands:
     6849      The first set of subcommands are as follows:
    65476850    </para>
    65486851
     
    65516854      <listitem>
    65526855        <para>
    6553           <emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>run</computeroutput></emphasis>
    6554           Executes a guest program - forwarding stdout, stderr and stdin
    6555           to/from the host until it completes.
     6856          <computeroutput>run</computeroutput>: Executes a guest
     6857          program, forwarding stdout, stderr, and stdin to and from the
     6858          host until it completes.
    65566859        </para>
    65576860
     
    65896892              <para>
    65906893                Specifies the absolute path of the executable on the
    6591                 guest OS file system. Mandatory. e.g.:
     6894                guest OS file system. Mandatory. For example:
    65926895                <computeroutput>C:\Windows\System32\calc.exe</computeroutput>.
    65936896              </para>
     
    66026905            <listitem>
    66036906              <para>
    6604                 Specifies the maximum time (microseconds) that the
    6605                 executable can run, during which VBoxManage receives its
    6606                 output. Optional. If unspecified, VBoxManage waits
    6607                 indefinitely for the process to end, or an error occurs.
     6907                Specifies the maximum time, in microseconds, that the
     6908                executable can run, during which
     6909                <command>VBoxManage</command> receives its output.
     6910                Optional. If unspecified, <command>VBoxManage</command>
     6911                waits indefinitely for the process to end, or an error
     6912                occurs.
    66086913              </para>
    66096914            </listitem>
     
    66186923            <listitem>
    66196924              <para>
    6620                 Sets/modifies/unsets environment variable(s) in the
     6925                Sets, modifies, and unsets environment variables in the
    66216926                environment in which the program will run. Optional.
    66226927              </para>
     
    66256930                The guest process is created with the standard default
    66266931                guest OS environment. Use this option to modify that
    6627                 default environment. To set/modify a variable use:
     6932                default environment. To set or modify a variable use:
    66286933                <computeroutput>&lt;NAME&gt;=&lt;VALUE&gt;</computeroutput>.
    66296934                To unset a variable use:
     
    66326937
    66336938              <para>
    6634                 Any spaces in names/values should be enclosed by quotes.
    6635               </para>
    6636 
    6637               <para>
    6638                 To set/modify/unset multiple variables, use multiple
    6639                 instances of the
     6939                Any spaces in names and values should be enclosed by
     6940                quotes.
     6941              </para>
     6942
     6943              <para>
     6944                To set, modify, and unset multiple variables, use
     6945                multiple instances of the
    66406946                <computeroutput>--E|--putenv</computeroutput> option.
    66416947              </para>
     
    66506956            <listitem>
    66516957              <para>
    6652                 Disables escaped double quoting (e.g. \"fred\") on
     6958                Disables escaped double quoting, such as \"fred\", on
    66536959                arguments passed to the executed program. Optional.
    66546960              </para>
     
    66886994            <listitem>
    66896995              <para>
    6690                 Does not wait/waits until the guest process ends and
     6996                Does not wait or waits until the guest process ends and
    66916997                receives its exit code and reason/flags. In the case of
    6692                 --wait-stdout - while the process runs, VBoxManage
    6693                 receives its stdout. Optional.
     6998                <computeroutput>--wait-stdout</computeroutput>,
     6999                <command>VBoxManage</command> receives its stdout while
     7000                the process runs. Optional.
    66947001              </para>
    66957002            </listitem>
     
    67037010            <listitem>
    67047011              <para>
    6705                 Does not wait/waits until the guest process ends and
    6706                 receives its exit code and reason/flags. In case of
    6707                 --wait-stderr - while the process runs, VBoxManage
    6708                 receives its stderr. Optional.
     7012                Does not wait or waits until the guest process ends and
     7013                receives its exit code, error messages, and flags. In
     7014                the case of
     7015                <computeroutput>--wait-stderr</computeroutput>,
     7016                <command>VBoxManage</command> receives its stderr while
     7017                the process runs. Optional.
    67097018              </para>
    67107019            </listitem>
     
    67487057            <listitem>
    67497058              <para>
    6750                 Specifies program name, followed by one or more
     7059                Specifies the program name, followed by one or more
    67517060                arguments to pass to the program. Optional.
    67527061              </para>
    67537062
    67547063              <para>
    6755                 Note: Any spaces in arguments should be enclosed by
    6756                 quotes.
     7064                Any spaces in arguments should be enclosed by quotes.
    67577065              </para>
    67587066            </listitem>
     
    67617069        </variablelist>
    67627070
    6763         <para>
    6764           <note>
    6765             <para>
    6766               On Windows there are certain limitations for graphical
    6767               applications; please see <xref linkend="KnownIssues" />
    6768               for more information.
    6769             </para>
    6770           </note>
    6771 
    6772           Examples:
     7071        <note>
     7072          <para>
     7073            On Windows there are certain limitations for graphical
     7074            applications. See <xref linkend="KnownIssues" />.
     7075          </para>
     7076        </note>
     7077
     7078        <para>
     7079          Examples of using the <command>guestcontrol run</command>
     7080          command are as follows:
     7081        </para>
    67737082
    67747083<screen>VBoxManage --nologo guestcontrol "My VM" run --exe "/bin/ls"
     
    67787087          --username foo --passwordfile bar.txt --wait-exit --wait-stdout</screen>
    67797088
     7089        <para>
    67807090          Note that the double backslashes in the second example are
    6781           only required on Unix hosts.
    6782         </para>
    6783 
    6784         <para>
    6785           <note>
    6786             <para>
    6787               For certain commands a user name of an existing user
    6788               account on the guest must be specified; anonymous
    6789               executions are not supported for security reasons. A user
    6790               account password, however, is optional and depends on the
    6791               guest's OS security policy or rules. If no password is
    6792               specified for a given user name, an empty password will be
    6793               used. On certain OSes like Windows the security policy may
    6794               needs to be adjusted in order to allow user accounts with
    6795               an empty password set. Also, global domain rules might
    6796               apply and therefore cannot be changed.
    6797             </para>
    6798           </note>
    6799         </para>
    6800 
    6801         <para>
    6802           Starting at VirtualBox 4.1.2 guest process execution by
    6803           default is limited to serve up to 5 guest processes at a time.
    6804           If a new guest process gets started which would exceed this
    6805           limit, the oldest not running guest process will be discarded
    6806           in order to be able to run that new process. Also, retrieving
    6807           output from this old guest process will not be possible
    6808           anymore then. If all 5 guest processes are still active and
    6809           running, starting a new guest process will result in an
    6810           appropriate error message.
    6811         </para>
    6812 
    6813         <para>
    6814           To raise or lower the guest process execution limit, either
    6815           the guest property
    6816           <computeroutput>/VirtualBox/GuestAdd/VBoxService/--control-procs-max-kept</computeroutput>
    6817           or VBoxService' command line by specifying
    6818           <computeroutput>--control-procs-max-kept</computeroutput>
    6819           needs to be modified. A restart of the guest OS is required
    6820           afterwards. To serve unlimited guest processes, a value of
    6821           <computeroutput>0</computeroutput> needs to be set (not
    6822           recommended).
    6823         </para>
    6824       </listitem>
    6825 
    6826       <listitem>
    6827         <para>
    6828           <emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>start</computeroutput></emphasis>
    6829           Executes a guest program until it completes.
    6830         </para>
    6831 
    6832 <screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol &lt;uuid|vmname&gt; start [common-options]
    6833            [--exe &lt;path to executable&gt;] [--timeout &lt;msec&gt;]
    6834            [-E|--putenv &lt;NAME&gt;[=&lt;VALUE&gt;]] [--unquoted-args]
    6835            [--ignore-operhaned-processes] [--profile]
    6836             -- &lt;program/arg0&gt; [argument1] ... [argumentN]]
    6837           </screen>
    6838 
    6839         <para>
    6840           Where the options are:
    6841         </para>
    6842 
    6843         <variablelist>
    6844 
    6845           <varlistentry>
    6846             <term>
    6847               <computeroutput>&lt;uuid|vmname&gt;</computeroutput>
    6848             </term>
    6849 
    6850             <listitem>
    6851               <para>
    6852                 Specifies the VM UUID or VM name. Mandatory.
    6853               </para>
    6854             </listitem>
    6855           </varlistentry>
    6856 
    6857           <varlistentry>
    6858             <term>
    6859               <computeroutput>--exe &lt;path to
    6860               executable&gt;</computeroutput>
    6861             </term>
    6862 
    6863             <listitem>
    6864               <para>
    6865                 Specifies the absolute path of the executable on the
    6866                 guest OS file system. Mandatory. e.g.:
    6867                 <computeroutput>C:\Windows\System32\calc.exe</computeroutput>
    6868               </para>
    6869             </listitem>
    6870           </varlistentry>
    6871 
    6872           <varlistentry>
    6873             <term>
    6874               <computeroutput>--timeout &lt;msec&gt;</computeroutput>
    6875             </term>
    6876 
    6877             <listitem>
    6878               <para>
    6879                 Specifies the maximum time (microseconds) that the
    6880                 executable can run. Optional. If unspecified, VBoxManage
    6881                 waits indefinitely for the process to end, or an error
    6882                 occurs.
    6883               </para>
    6884             </listitem>
    6885           </varlistentry>
    6886 
    6887           <varlistentry>
    6888             <term>
    6889               <computeroutput>-E|--putenv &lt;NAME&gt;=&lt;VALUE&gt;
    6890               </computeroutput>
    6891             </term>
    6892 
    6893             <listitem>
    6894               <para>
    6895                 Sets/modifies/unsets environment variable(s) in the
    6896                 environment in which the program will run. Optional.
    6897               </para>
    6898 
    6899               <para>
    6900                 The guest process is created with the standard default
    6901                 guest OS environment. Use this option to modify that
    6902                 default environment. To set/modify a variable use:
    6903                 <computeroutput>&lt;NAME&gt;=&lt;VALUE&gt;</computeroutput>.
    6904                 To unset a variable use:
    6905                 <computeroutput>&lt;NAME&gt;=</computeroutput>
    6906               </para>
    6907 
    6908               <para>
    6909                 Any spaces in names/values should be enclosed by quotes.
    6910               </para>
    6911 
    6912               <para>
    6913                 To set/modify/unset multiple variables, use multiple
    6914                 instances of the
    6915                 <computeroutput>--E|--putenv</computeroutput> option.
    6916               </para>
    6917             </listitem>
    6918           </varlistentry>
    6919 
    6920           <varlistentry>
    6921             <term>
    6922               <computeroutput>--unquoted-args</computeroutput>
    6923             </term>
    6924 
    6925             <listitem>
    6926               <para>
    6927                 Disables escaped double quoting (e.g. \"fred\") on
    6928                 arguments passed to the executed program. Optional.
    6929               </para>
    6930             </listitem>
    6931           </varlistentry>
    6932 
    6933           <varlistentry>
    6934             <term>
    6935               <computeroutput>--ignore-operhaned-processes</computeroutput>
    6936             </term>
    6937 
    6938             <listitem>
    6939               <para>
    6940                 Ignores orphaned processes. Not yet implemented.
    6941                 Optional.
    6942               </para>
    6943             </listitem>
    6944           </varlistentry>
    6945 
    6946           <varlistentry>
    6947             <term>
    6948               <computeroutput>--profile</computeroutput>
    6949             </term>
    6950 
    6951             <listitem>
    6952               <para>
    6953                 Use a profile. Not yet implemented. Optional.
    6954               </para>
    6955             </listitem>
    6956           </varlistentry>
    6957 
    6958           <varlistentry>
    6959             <term>
    6960               <computeroutput>[-- &lt;program/arg0&gt;
    6961               [&lt;argument1&gt;] ...
    6962               [&lt;argumentN&gt;]]</computeroutput>
    6963             </term>
    6964 
    6965             <listitem>
    6966               <para>
    6967                 Specifies program name, followed by one or more
    6968                 arguments to pass to the program. Optional.
    6969               </para>
    6970 
    6971               <para>
    6972                 Note: Any spaces in arguments should be enclosed by
    6973                 quotes.
    6974               </para>
    6975             </listitem>
    6976           </varlistentry>
    6977 
    6978         </variablelist>
     7091          only required on UNIX hosts.
     7092        </para>
    69797093
    69807094        <note>
    69817095          <para>
    6982             On Windows there are certain limitations for graphical
    6983             applications; please see <xref linkend="KnownIssues" /> for
    6984             more information.
    6985           </para>
    6986         </note>
    6987 
    6988         <para>
    6989           Examples:
    6990 
    6991 <screen>VBoxManage --nologo guestcontrol "My VM" start --exe "/bin/ls"
    6992           --username foo --passwordfile bar.txt --wait-exit --wait-stdout -- -l /usr</screen>
    6993 
    6994 <screen>VBoxManage --nologo guestcontrol "My VM" start --exe "c:\\windows\\system32\\ipconfig.exe"
    6995           --username foo --passwordfile bar.txt --wait-exit --wait-stdout</screen>
    6996 
    6997           Note that the double backslashes in the second example are
    6998           only required on Unix hosts.
    6999         </para>
    7000 
    7001         <note>
    7002           <para>
    70037096            For certain commands a user name of an existing user account
    7004             on the guest must be specified; anonymous executions are not
     7097            on the guest must be specified. Anonymous executions are not
    70057098            supported for security reasons. A user account password,
    70067099            however, is optional and depends on the guest's OS security
     
    70157108
    70167109        <para>
    7017           Starting at VirtualBox 4.1.2 guest process execution by
    7018           default is limited to serve up to 5 guest processes at a time.
    7019           If a new guest process gets started which would exceed this
    7020           limit, the oldest not running guest process will be discarded
    7021           in order to be able to run that new process. Also, retrieving
    7022           output from this old guest process will not be possible
    7023           anymore then. If all 5 guest processes are still active and
    7024           running, starting a new guest process will result in an
    7025           appropriate error message.
     7110          Starting at &product-name; 4.1.2 guest process execution by
     7111          default is limited to serve up to five guest processes at a
     7112          time. If a new guest process gets started which would exceed
     7113          this limit, the oldest not running guest process will be
     7114          discarded in order to be able to run that new process. Also,
     7115          retrieving output from this old guest process will not be
     7116          possible anymore then. If all five guest processes are still
     7117          active and running, starting a new guest process will result
     7118          in an appropriate error message.
    70267119        </para>
    70277120
    70287121        <para>
    70297122          To raise or lower the guest process execution limit, either
    7030           the guest property
     7123          use the guest property
    70317124          <computeroutput>/VirtualBox/GuestAdd/VBoxService/--control-procs-max-kept</computeroutput>
    7032           or VBoxService' command line by specifying
     7125          or <command>VBoxService</command> command line by specifying
    70337126          <computeroutput>--control-procs-max-kept</computeroutput>
    70347127          needs to be modified. A restart of the guest OS is required
    70357128          afterwards. To serve unlimited guest processes, a value of
    7036           <computeroutput>0</computeroutput> needs to be set (not
    7037           recommended).
    7038         </para>
    7039       </listitem>
    7040 
    7041       <listitem>
    7042         <para>
    7043           <emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>copyfrom</computeroutput></emphasis>
    7044           Copies files from the guest to the host file system. (Note -
    7045           only with Guest Additions 4.0 or later installed).
     7129          <computeroutput>0</computeroutput> needs to be set, but this
     7130          is not recommended.
     7131        </para>
     7132      </listitem>
     7133
     7134      <listitem>
     7135        <para>
     7136          <computeroutput>start</computeroutput>: Executes a guest
     7137          program until it completes.
     7138        </para>
     7139
     7140<screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol &lt;uuid|vmname&gt; start [common-options]
     7141           [--exe &lt;path to executable&gt;] [--timeout &lt;msec&gt;]
     7142           [-E|--putenv &lt;NAME&gt;[=&lt;VALUE&gt;]] [--unquoted-args]
     7143           [--ignore-operhaned-processes] [--profile]
     7144            -- &lt;program/arg0&gt; [argument1] ... [argumentN]]
     7145          </screen>
     7146
     7147        <para>
     7148          Where the options are as follows:
     7149        </para>
     7150
     7151        <variablelist>
     7152
     7153          <varlistentry>
     7154            <term>
     7155              <computeroutput>&lt;uuid|vmname&gt;</computeroutput>
     7156            </term>
     7157
     7158            <listitem>
     7159              <para>
     7160                Specifies the VM UUID or VM name. Mandatory.
     7161              </para>
     7162            </listitem>
     7163          </varlistentry>
     7164
     7165          <varlistentry>
     7166            <term>
     7167              <computeroutput>--exe &lt;path to
     7168              executable&gt;</computeroutput>
     7169            </term>
     7170
     7171            <listitem>
     7172              <para>
     7173                Specifies the absolute path of the executable on the
     7174                guest OS file system. Mandatory. For example:
     7175                <computeroutput>C:\Windows\System32\calc.exe</computeroutput>
     7176              </para>
     7177            </listitem>
     7178          </varlistentry>
     7179
     7180          <varlistentry>
     7181            <term>
     7182              <computeroutput>--timeout &lt;msec&gt;</computeroutput>
     7183            </term>
     7184
     7185            <listitem>
     7186              <para>
     7187                Specifies the maximum time, in microseconds, that the
     7188                executable can run. Optional. If unspecified,
     7189                <command>VBoxManage</command> waits indefinitely for the
     7190                process to end, or an error occurs.
     7191              </para>
     7192            </listitem>
     7193          </varlistentry>
     7194
     7195          <varlistentry>
     7196            <term>
     7197              <computeroutput>-E|--putenv &lt;NAME&gt;=&lt;VALUE&gt;
     7198              </computeroutput>
     7199            </term>
     7200
     7201            <listitem>
     7202              <para>
     7203                Sets, modifies, and unsets environment variables in the
     7204                environment in which the program will run. Optional.
     7205              </para>
     7206
     7207              <para>
     7208                The guest process is created with the standard default
     7209                guest OS environment. Use this option to modify that
     7210                default environment. To set or modify a variable use:
     7211                <computeroutput>&lt;NAME&gt;=&lt;VALUE&gt;</computeroutput>.
     7212                To unset a variable use:
     7213                <computeroutput>&lt;NAME&gt;=</computeroutput>
     7214              </para>
     7215
     7216              <para>
     7217                Any spaces in names and values should be enclosed by
     7218                quotes.
     7219              </para>
     7220
     7221              <para>
     7222                To set, modify, or unset multiple variables, use
     7223                multiple instances of the
     7224                <computeroutput>--E|--putenv</computeroutput> option.
     7225              </para>
     7226            </listitem>
     7227          </varlistentry>
     7228
     7229          <varlistentry>
     7230            <term>
     7231              <computeroutput>--unquoted-args</computeroutput>
     7232            </term>
     7233
     7234            <listitem>
     7235              <para>
     7236                Disables escaped double quoting, such as \"fred\", on
     7237                arguments passed to the executed program. Optional.
     7238              </para>
     7239            </listitem>
     7240          </varlistentry>
     7241
     7242          <varlistentry>
     7243            <term>
     7244              <computeroutput>--ignore-operhaned-processes</computeroutput>
     7245            </term>
     7246
     7247            <listitem>
     7248              <para>
     7249                Ignores orphaned processes. Not yet implemented.
     7250                Optional.
     7251              </para>
     7252            </listitem>
     7253          </varlistentry>
     7254
     7255          <varlistentry>
     7256            <term>
     7257              <computeroutput>--profile</computeroutput>
     7258            </term>
     7259
     7260            <listitem>
     7261              <para>
     7262                Use a profile. Not yet implemented. Optional.
     7263              </para>
     7264            </listitem>
     7265          </varlistentry>
     7266
     7267          <varlistentry>
     7268            <term>
     7269              <computeroutput>[-- &lt;program/arg0&gt;
     7270              [&lt;argument1&gt;] ...
     7271              [&lt;argumentN&gt;]]</computeroutput>
     7272            </term>
     7273
     7274            <listitem>
     7275              <para>
     7276                Specifies the program name, followed by one or more
     7277                arguments to pass to the program. Optional.
     7278              </para>
     7279
     7280              <para>
     7281                Any spaces in arguments should be enclosed by quotes.
     7282              </para>
     7283            </listitem>
     7284          </varlistentry>
     7285
     7286        </variablelist>
     7287
     7288        <note>
     7289          <para>
     7290            On Windows there are certain limitations for graphical
     7291            applications. See <xref linkend="KnownIssues" />.
     7292          </para>
     7293        </note>
     7294
     7295        <para>
     7296          Examples of using the <command>guestcontrol start</command>
     7297          command are as follows:
     7298        </para>
     7299
     7300<screen>VBoxManage --nologo guestcontrol "My VM" start --exe "/bin/ls"
     7301          --username foo --passwordfile bar.txt --wait-exit --wait-stdout -- -l /usr</screen>
     7302
     7303<screen>VBoxManage --nologo guestcontrol "My VM" start --exe "c:\\windows\\system32\\ipconfig.exe"
     7304          --username foo --passwordfile bar.txt --wait-exit --wait-stdout</screen>
     7305
     7306        <para>
     7307          Note that the double backslashes in the second example are
     7308          only required on UNIX hosts.
     7309        </para>
     7310
     7311        <note>
     7312          <para>
     7313            For certain commands a user name of an existing user account
     7314            on the guest must be specified. Anonymous executions are not
     7315            supported for security reasons. A user account password,
     7316            however, is optional and depends on the guest's OS security
     7317            policy or rules. If no password is specified for a given
     7318            user name, an empty password will be used. On certain OSes
     7319            like Windows the security policy may needs to be adjusted in
     7320            order to allow user accounts with an empty password set.
     7321            Also, global domain rules might apply and therefore cannot
     7322            be changed.
     7323          </para>
     7324        </note>
     7325
     7326        <para>
     7327          Starting at &product-name; 4.1.2 guest process execution by
     7328          default is limited to serve up to five guest processes at a
     7329          time. If a new guest process gets started which would exceed
     7330          this limit, the oldest not running guest process will be
     7331          discarded in order to be able to run that new process. Also,
     7332          retrieving output from this old guest process will not be
     7333          possible anymore then. If all five guest processes are still
     7334          active and running, starting a new guest process will result
     7335          in an appropriate error message.
     7336        </para>
     7337
     7338        <para>
     7339          To raise or lower the guest process execution limit, either
     7340          use the guest property
     7341          <computeroutput>/VirtualBox/GuestAdd/VBoxService/--control-procs-max-kept</computeroutput>
     7342          or <command>VBoxService</command> command line by specifying
     7343          <computeroutput>--control-procs-max-kept</computeroutput>
     7344          needs to be modified. A restart of the guest OS is required
     7345          afterwards. To serve unlimited guest processes, a value of
     7346          <computeroutput>0</computeroutput> needs to be set, but this
     7347          is not recommended.
     7348        </para>
     7349      </listitem>
     7350
     7351      <listitem>
     7352        <para>
     7353          <computeroutput>copyfrom</computeroutput>: Copies files from
     7354          the guest to the host file system. Only available with Guest
     7355          Additions 4.0 or later installed.
    70467356        </para>
    70477357
     
    70527362
    70537363        <para>
    7054           Where the parameters are:
     7364          Where the parameters are as follows:
    70557365        </para>
    70567366
     
    70897399            <listitem>
    70907400              <para>
    7091                 Enables recursive copying of files/directories from the
    7092                 specified guest file system directory. Optional.
     7401                Enables recursive copying of files and directories from
     7402                the specified guest file system directory. Optional.
    70937403              </para>
    70947404            </listitem>
     
    71047414              <para>
    71057415                Specifies the absolute path of the host file system
    7106                 destination directory. Mandatory. e.g.
     7416                destination directory. Mandatory. For example:
    71077417                <computeroutput>C:\Temp</computeroutput>.
    71087418              </para>
     
    71187428            <listitem>
    71197429              <para>
    7120                 Specifies the absolute path(s) of guest file system
    7121                 file(s) to be copied. Mandatory. e.g.
     7430                Specifies the absolute paths of guest file system files
     7431                to be copied. Mandatory. For example:
    71227432                <computeroutput>C:\Windows\System32\calc.exe</computeroutput>.
    7123                 Wildcards can be used in the expression(s), e.g.
     7433                Wildcards can be used in the expressions. For example:
    71247434                <computeroutput>C:\Windows\System*\*.dll</computeroutput>.
    71257435              </para>
     
    71327442      <listitem>
    71337443        <para>
    7134           <emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>copyto</computeroutput></emphasis>
    7135           Copies files from the host to the guest file system. (Note -
    7136           only with Guest Additions 4.0 or later installed).
     7444          <computeroutput>copyto</computeroutput>: Copies files from the
     7445          host to the guest file system. Only available with Guest
     7446          Additions 4.0 or later installed.
    71377447        </para>
    71387448
     
    71437453
    71447454        <para>
    7145           Where the parameters are:
     7455          Where the parameters are as follows:
    71467456        </para>
    71477457
     
    71807490            <listitem>
    71817491              <para>
    7182                 Enables recursive copying of files/directories from the
    7183                 specified host file system directory(ies). Optional.
     7492                Enables recursive copying of files and directories from
     7493                the specified host file system directory. Optional.
    71847494              </para>
    71857495            </listitem>
     
    71957505              <para>
    71967506                Specifies the absolute path of the guest file system
    7197                 destination directory. Mandatory. e.g.
     7507                destination directory. Mandatory. For example:
    71987508                <computeroutput>C:\Temp</computeroutput>.
    71997509              </para>
     
    72097519            <listitem>
    72107520              <para>
    7211                 Specifies the absolute path(s) of host file system
    7212                 file(s) to be copied. Mandatory. e.g.
     7521                Specifies the absolute paths of host file system files
     7522                to be copied. Mandatory. For example:
    72137523                <computeroutput>C:\Windows\System32\calc.exe</computeroutput>.
    7214                 Wildcards can be used in the expression(s), e.g.
     7524                Wildcards can be used in the expressions. For example:
    72157525                <computeroutput>C:\Windows\System*\*.dll</computeroutput>.
    72167526              </para>
     
    72237533      <listitem>
    72247534        <para>
    7225           <emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>md|mkdir|createdir|createdirectory</computeroutput></emphasis>
    7226           Creates one or more directory(ies) on the guest file system.
    7227           (Note - only with Guest Additions 4.0 or later installed).
     7535          <computeroutput>md|mkdir|createdir|createdirectory</computeroutput>:
     7536          Creates one or more directories on the guest file system. Only
     7537          available with Guest Additions 4.0 or later installed.
    72287538        </para>
    72297539
     
    72337543
    72347544        <para>
    7235           Where the parameters are:
     7545          Where the parameters are as follows:
    72367546        </para>
    72377547
     
    72577567            <listitem>
    72587568              <para>
    7259                 Creates any absent parent directory(ies) of the
    7260                 specified directory. Optional.
    7261               </para>
    7262 
    7263               <para>
    7264                 e.g. If specified directory is
     7569                Creates any absent parent directories of the specified
     7570                directory. Optional.
     7571              </para>
     7572
     7573              <para>
     7574                For example: If specified directory is
    72657575                <computeroutput>D:\Foo\Bar</computeroutput> and
    72667576                <computeroutput>D:\Foo</computeroutput> is absent, it
     
    72807590              <para>
    72817591                Specifies the permission mode on the specified
    7282                 directory(ies) (and any parents, where
    7283                 <computeroutput>--parents</computeroutput> option used).
    7284                 Currently octal modes (e.g.
    7285                 <computeroutput>0755</computeroutput>) only are
    7286                 supported.
     7592                directories, and any parents, if the
     7593                <computeroutput>--parents</computeroutput> option is
     7594                used. Currently octal modes only, such as.
     7595                <computeroutput>0755</computeroutput>, are supported.
    72877596              </para>
    72887597            </listitem>
     
    72977606            <listitem>
    72987607              <para>
    7299                 Specifies list of absolute path(s) of directory(ies) to
    7300                 be created on guest file system. Mandatory. e.g.
     7608                Specifies a list of absolute paths of directories to be
     7609                created on guest file system. Mandatory. For example:
    73017610                <computeroutput>D:\Foo\Bar</computeroutput>.
    73027611              </para>
    73037612
    73047613              <para>
    7305                 All parent directories must already exist unless switch
    7306                 <computeroutput>--parents</computeroutput> used. (e.g.
    7307                 in the above example
    7308                 <computeroutput>D:\Foo</computeroutput>). The specified
     7614                All parent directories must already exist unless the
     7615                switch <computeroutput>--parents</computeroutput> is
     7616                used. For example, in the above example
     7617                <computeroutput>D:\Foo</computeroutput>. The specified
    73097618                user must have sufficient rights to create the specified
    7310                 directory(ies), and any parents that need to be created.
     7619                directories, and any parents that need to be created.
    73117620              </para>
    73127621            </listitem>
     
    73187627      <listitem>
    73197628        <para>
    7320           <emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>rmdir|removedir|removedirectory</computeroutput></emphasis>
    7321           Deletes specified guest file system directories. (Only with
    7322           installed Guest Additions 4.3.2 and later).
     7629          <computeroutput>rmdir|removedir|removedirectory</computeroutput>:
     7630          Deletes specified guest file system directories. Only
     7631          available with installed Guest Additions 4.3.2 and later.
    73237632        </para>
    73247633
     
    73297638
    73307639        <para>
    7331           Where the parameters are:
     7640          Where the parameters are as follows:
    73327641        </para>
    73337642
     
    73667675            <listitem>
    73677676              <para>
    7368                 Specifies list of the absolute path(s) of directory(ies)
    7369                 to be deleted on guest file system. Mandatory. Wildcards
    7370                 are allowed. e.g.
     7677                Specifies a list of the absolute paths of directories to
     7678                be deleted on guest file system. Mandatory. Wildcards
     7679                are allowed. For example:
    73717680                <computeroutput>D:\Foo\*Bar</computeroutput>. The
    73727681                specified user must have sufficient rights to delete the
    7373                 specified directory(ies).
     7682                specified directories.
    73747683              </para>
    73757684            </listitem>
     
    73817690      <listitem>
    73827691        <para>
    7383           <emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>rm|removefile</computeroutput></emphasis>
    7384           Deletes specified files on the guest file system. (Only with
    7385           installed Guest Additions 4.3.2 and later).
     7692          <computeroutput>rm|removefile</computeroutput>: Deletes
     7693          specified files on the guest file system. Only available with
     7694          installed Guest Additions 4.3.2 and later.
    73867695        </para>
    73877696
     
    73917700
    73927701        <para>
    7393           Where the parameters are:
     7702          Where the parameters are as follows:
    73947703        </para>
    73957704
     
    74157724            <listitem>
    74167725              <para>
    7417                 Enforce operation (override any requests for
    7418                 confirmations). Optional.
     7726                Enforce operation and override any requests for
     7727                confirmations. Optional.
    74197728              </para>
    74207729            </listitem>
     
    74297738            <listitem>
    74307739              <para>
    7431                 Specifies list of absolute path(s) of file(s) to be
     7740                Specifies a list of absolute paths of files to be
    74327741                deleted on guest file system. Mandatory. Wildcards are
    7433                 allowed. e.g.
     7742                allowed. For example:
    74347743                <computeroutput>D:\Foo\Bar\text*.txt</computeroutput>.
    74357744                The specified user should have sufficient rights to
    7436                 delete the specified file(s).
     7745                delete the specified files.
    74377746              </para>
    74387747            </listitem>
     
    74447753      <listitem>
    74457754        <para>
    7446           <emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>mv|move|ren|rename</computeroutput></emphasis>
    7447           This subcommand renames file(s) and/or directory(ies) on the
    7448           guest file system. (Only with installed Guest Additions 4.3.2
    7449           and later).
     7755          <computeroutput>mv|move|ren|rename</computeroutput>: Renames
     7756          files and/or directories on the guest file system. Only
     7757          available with installed Guest Additions 4.3.2 and later.
    74507758        </para>
    74517759
     
    74547762
    74557763        <para>
    7456           Where the parameters are:
     7764          Where the parameters are as follows:
    74577765        </para>
    74587766
     
    74797787            <listitem>
    74807788              <para>
    7481                 Specifies absolute path(s) of file(s) and/or single
    7482                 directory to be moved/renamed on guest file system.
    7483                 Mandatory. Wildcards are allowed in file names(s). The
    7484                 specified user should have sufficient rights to access
    7485                 the specified file(s).
     7789                Specifies absolute paths of files or a single directory
     7790                to be moved and renamed on guest file system. Mandatory.
     7791                Wildcards are allowed in file names. The specified user
     7792                should have sufficient rights to access the specified
     7793                files.
    74867794              </para>
    74877795            </listitem>
     
    74957803            <listitem>
    74967804              <para>
    7497                 Specifies the absolute path of the destination
    7498                 file/directory to which the file(s) are to be moved.
    7499                 Mandatory. If only one file to be moved, &lt;dest&gt;
    7500                 can be file or directory, else it must be a directory.
    7501                 The specified user must have sufficient rights to access
    7502                 the destination file/directory.
     7805                Specifies the absolute path of the destination file or
     7806                directory to which the files are to be moved. Mandatory.
     7807                If only one file to be moved, &lt;dest&gt; can be file
     7808                or directory, else it must be a directory. The specified
     7809                user must have sufficient rights to access the
     7810                destination file or directory.
    75037811              </para>
    75047812            </listitem>
     
    75107818      <listitem>
    75117819        <para>
    7512           <emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>mktemp|createtemp|createtemporary</computeroutput></emphasis>
    7513           Creates a temporary file/directory on the guest file system,
    7514           to assist subsequent copying of files from the host to the
    7515           guest file systems. By default, the file/directory is created
    7516           in the guest's platform specific temp directory. Not currently
    7517           supported. (Only with installed Guest Additions 4.2 and
    7518           later).
     7820          <computeroutput>mktemp|createtemp|createtemporary</computeroutput>:
     7821          Creates a temporary file or directory on the guest file
     7822          system, to assist subsequent copying of files from the host to
     7823          the guest file systems. By default, the file or directory is
     7824          created in the guest's platform specific temp directory. Not
     7825          currently supported. Only available with installed Guest
     7826          Additions 4.2 and later.
    75197827        </para>
    75207828
     
    75257833
    75267834        <para>
    7527           The parameters are:
     7835          The parameters are as follows:
    75287836        </para>
    75297837
     
    75627870            <listitem>
    75637871              <para>
    7564                 Enforces secure file/directory creation. Optional. The
    7565                 permission mode is set to
     7872                Enforces secure file and directory creation. Optional.
     7873                The permission mode is set to
    75667874                <computeroutput>0755</computeroutput>. Operation fails
    75677875                if it cannot be performed securely.
     
    75787886              <para>
    75797887                Specifies the permission mode of the specified
    7580                 directory. Optional. Currently only octal modes (e.g.
    7581                 <computeroutput>0755</computeroutput>) are supported.
     7888                directory. Optional. Currently only octal modes, such as
     7889                <computeroutput>0755</computeroutput>, are supported.
    75827890              </para>
    75837891            </listitem>
     
    75937901              <para>
    75947902                Specifies the absolute path of the directory on the
    7595                 guest file system into which the file/directory
    7596                 specified in will be created. Optional. If unspecified,
    7597                 the platform-specific temp directory is used.
     7903                guest file system where the file or directory specified
     7904                will be created. Optional. If unspecified, the
     7905                platform-specific temp directory is used.
    75987906              </para>
    75997907            </listitem>
     
    76087916              <para>
    76097917                Specifies a file name without a directory path,
    7610                 containing at least one sequence comprising three
    7611                 consecutive 'X' characters, or ending in 'X'. Mandatory.
     7918                containing at least one sequence of three consecutive X
     7919                characters, or ending in X. Mandatory.
    76127920              </para>
    76137921            </listitem>
     
    76197927      <listitem>
    76207928        <para>
    7621           <emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>stat</computeroutput></emphasis>
    7622           Displays file or file system status(es) on the guest.
     7929          <computeroutput>stat</computeroutput>: Displays file or file
     7930          system statuses on the guest.
    76237931        </para>
    76247932
     
    76277935
    76287936        <para>
    7629           Where the parameters are:
     7937          Where the parameters are as follows:
    76307938        </para>
    76317939
     
    76527960            <listitem>
    76537961              <para>
    7654                 Specifies absolute path(s) of file(s) and/or file
    7655                 system(s) on guest file system. Mandatory. e.g.
     7962                Specifies absolute paths of files or file systems on the
     7963                guest file system. Mandatory. For example:
    76567964                <computeroutput>/home/foo/a.out</computeroutput>. The
    76577965                specified user should have sufficient rights to access
    7658                 the specified file(s)/file system(s).
     7966                the specified files or file systems.
    76597967              </para>
    76607968            </listitem>
     
    76757983
    76767984    <para>
    7677       The "common-options" are:
     7985      The common options are as follows:
    76787986    </para>
    76797987
     
    76837991
    76847992    <para>
    7685       Where details of the common options for the second set of
    7686       subcommands are:
     7993      Details of the common options for the second set of subcommands
     7994      are as follows:
    76877995    </para>
    76887996
     
    76968004        <listitem>
    76978005          <para>
    7698             Makes the sub-command execution more verbose. Optional.
     8006            Makes the subcommand execution more verbose. Optional.
    76998007          </para>
    77008008        </listitem>
     
    77088016        <listitem>
    77098017          <para>
    7710             Makes the sub-command execution quieter. Optional.
     8018            Makes the subcommand execution quieter. Optional.
    77118019          </para>
    77128020        </listitem>
     
    77168024
    77178025    <para>
    7718       The second set of subcommands:
     8026      The second set of subcommands are as follows:
    77198027    </para>
    77208028
     
    77238031      <listitem>
    77248032        <para>
    7725           <emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>list</computeroutput></emphasis>
    7726           Lists guest control configuration and status data, e.g. open
    7727           guest sessions, guest processes and files.
     8033          <computeroutput>list</computeroutput>: Lists guest control
     8034          configuration and status data. For example: open guest
     8035          sessions, guest processes, and files.
    77288036        </para>
    77298037
     
    77328040
    77338041        <para>
    7734           Where the parameters are:
     8042          Where the parameters are as follows:
    77358043        </para>
    77368044
     
    77678075      <listitem>
    77688076        <para>
    7769           <emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>closeprocess</computeroutput></emphasis>
    7770           Terminates guest processes specified by PID(s))running in
    7771           guest session(s), specified by the session ID or name(s).
     8077          <computeroutput>closeprocess</computeroutput>: Terminates
     8078          guest processes specified by PIDs running in a guest session,
     8079          specified by the session ID or name.
    77728080        </para>
    77738081
     
    77778085
    77788086        <para>
    7779           Where the parameters are:
     8087          Where the parameters are as follows:
    77808088        </para>
    77818089
     
    78398147      <listitem>
    78408148        <para>
    7841           <emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>closesession</computeroutput></emphasis>
    7842           Closes specified guest sessions, specified either by session
    7843           ID or name.
     8149          <computeroutput>closesession</computeroutput>: Closes
     8150          specified guest sessions, specified either by session ID or
     8151          name.
    78448152        </para>
    78458153
     
    78488156
    78498157        <para>
    7850           Where the parameters are:
     8158          Where the parameters are as follows:
    78518159        </para>
    78528160
     
    79108218      <listitem>
    79118219        <para>
    7912           <emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>updatega|updateadditions|updateguestadditions</computeroutput></emphasis>
    7913           Ugrades Guest Additions already installed on the guest. (Only
    7914           already installed Guest Additions 4.0 and later).
    7915         </para>
    7916 
    7917 <screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol &lt;uuid|vmname&gt; updatega|updateadditions|updateguestadditions
     8220          <computeroutput>updatega|updateadditions|updateguestadditions</computeroutput>:
     8221          Ugrades Guest Additions already installed on the guest. Only
     8222          available for already installed Guest Additions 4.0 and later.
     8223        </para>
     8224
     8225<screen>VBoxManage guestcontrol &lt;uuid|vmname&gt; updatega|updateadditions|updateguestadditions 
    79188226           [common-options]
    79198227           [--source &lt;New .ISO path&gt;]
     
    79228230
    79238231        <para>
    7924           Where the parameters are:
     8232          Where the parameters are as follows:
    79258233        </para>
    79268234
     
    79478255            <listitem>
    79488256              <para>
    7949                 Specifies the absolute path on guest file system of the
    7950                 .ISO file for Guest Additions update. Mandatory.
     8257                Specifies the absolute path on the guest file system of
     8258                the .ISO file for the Guest Additions update. Mandatory.
    79518259              </para>
    79528260            </listitem>
     
    79608268            <listitem>
    79618269              <para>
    7962                 Indicates that VBoxManage starts the usual updating
    7963                 process on the guest and then waits until the actual
    7964                 Guest Additions updating begins, at which point
    7965                 VBoxManage self-terminates. Optional.
    7966               </para>
    7967 
    7968               <para>
    7969                 Default behavior is that VBoxManage waits for completion
    7970                 of the Guest Additions update before terminating. Use of
    7971                 this option is sometimes necessary, as a running
    7972                 VBoxManage can affect the interaction between the
    7973                 installer and the guest OS.
     8270                Indicates that <command>VBoxManage</command> starts the
     8271                usual updating process on the guest and then waits until
     8272                the actual Guest Additions updating begins, at which
     8273                point <command>VBoxManage</command> self-terminates.
     8274                Optional.
     8275              </para>
     8276
     8277              <para>
     8278                Default behavior is that <command>VBoxManage</command>
     8279                waits for completion of the Guest Additions update
     8280                before terminating. Use of this option is sometimes
     8281                necessary, as a running <command>VBoxManage</command>
     8282                can affect the interaction between the installer and the
     8283                guest OS.
    79748284              </para>
    79758285            </listitem>
     
    80018311      <listitem>
    80028312        <para>
    8003           <emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>watch</computeroutput></emphasis>
    8004           This subcommand prints current guest control activity.
     8313          <computeroutput>watch</computeroutput>: Prints current guest
     8314          control activity.
    80058315        </para>
    80068316
     
    80098319
    80108320        <para>
    8011           Where the parameters are:
     8321          Where the parameters are as follows:
    80128322        </para>
    80138323
     
    80478357
    80488358    <para>
    8049       Metric data is collected and retained internally; it may be
    8050       retrieved at any time with the <computeroutput>VBoxManage metrics
    8051       query</computeroutput> subcommand. The data is available as long
    8052       as the background <computeroutput>VBoxSVC</computeroutput> process
    8053       is alive. That process terminates shortly after all VMs and
    8054       frontends have been closed.
     8359      Metric data is collected and retained internally. It may be
     8360      retrieved at any time with the <command>VBoxManage metrics
     8361      query</command> subcommand. The data is available as long as the
     8362      background <computeroutput>VBoxSVC</computeroutput> process is
     8363      alive. That process terminates shortly after all VMs and frontends
     8364      have been closed.
    80558365    </para>
    80568366
    80578367    <para>
    80588368      By default no metrics are collected at all. Metrics collection
    8059       does not start until <computeroutput>VBoxManage metrics
    8060       setup</computeroutput> is invoked with a proper sampling interval
    8061       and the number of metrics to be retained. The interval is measured
    8062       in seconds. For example, to enable collecting the host processor
    8063       and memory usage metrics every second and keeping the 5 most
    8064       current samples, the following command can be used:
     8369      does not start until <command>VBoxManage metrics setup</command>
     8370      is invoked with a proper sampling interval and the number of
     8371      metrics to be retained. The interval is measured in seconds. For
     8372      example, to enable collecting the host processor and memory usage
     8373      metrics every second and keeping the five most current samples,
     8374      the following command can be used:
    80658375    </para>
    80668376
     
    80708380      Metric collection can only be enabled for started VMs. Collected
    80718381      data and collection settings for a particular VM will disappear as
    8072       soon as it shuts down. Use <computeroutput>VBoxManage metrics list
    8073       </computeroutput> subcommand to see which metrics are currently
    8074       available. You can also use
    8075       <computeroutput>--list</computeroutput> option with any subcommand
    8076       that modifies metric settings to find out which metrics were
    8077       affected.
    8078     </para>
    8079 
    8080     <para>
    8081       Note that the <computeroutput>VBoxManage metrics
    8082       setup</computeroutput> subcommand discards all samples that may
    8083       have been previously collected for the specified set of objects
    8084       and metrics.
     8382      soon as it shuts down. Use <command>VBoxManage metrics list
     8383      </command> subcommand to see which metrics are currently
     8384      available. You can also use <option>--list</option> option with
     8385      any subcommand that modifies metric settings to find out which
     8386      metrics were affected.
     8387    </para>
     8388
     8389    <para>
     8390      Note that the <command>VBoxManage metrics setup</command>
     8391      subcommand discards all samples that may have been previously
     8392      collected for the specified set of objects and metrics.
    80858393    </para>
    80868394
    80878395    <para>
    80888396      To enable or disable metrics collection without discarding the
    8089       data <computeroutput>VBoxManage metrics enable</computeroutput>
    8090       and <computeroutput>VBoxManage metrics disable</computeroutput>
    8091       subcommands can be used. Note that these subcommands expect
    8092       metrics, not submetrics, like <code>CPU/Load</code> or
    8093       <code>RAM/Usage</code> as parameters. In other words enabling
    8094       <code>CPU/Load/User</code> while disabling
    8095       <code>CPU/Load/Kernel</code> is not supported.
     8397      data, <command>VBoxManage metrics enable</command> and
     8398      <command>VBoxManage metrics disable</command> subcommands can be
     8399      used. Note that these subcommands expect metrics as parameters,
     8400      not submetrics such as <computeroutput>CPU/Load</computeroutput>
     8401      or <computeroutput>RAM/Usage</computeroutput>. In other words
     8402      enabling <computeroutput>CPU/Load/User</computeroutput> while
     8403      disabling <computeroutput>CPU/Load/Kernel</computeroutput> is not
     8404      supported.
    80968405    </para>
    80978406
    80988407    <para>
    80998408      The host and VMs have different sets of associated metrics.
    8100       Available metrics can be listed with <computeroutput>VBoxManage
    8101       metrics list</computeroutput> subcommand.
     8409      Available metrics can be listed with <command>VBoxManage metrics
     8410      list</command> subcommand.
    81028411    </para>
    81038412
     
    81138422    <para>
    81148423      Subcommands may apply to all objects and metrics or can be limited
    8115       to one object or/and a list of metrics. If no objects or metrics
    8116       are given in the parameters, the subcommands will apply to all
     8424      to one object and a list of metrics. If no objects or metrics are
     8425      given in the parameters, the subcommands will apply to all
    81178426      available metrics of all objects. You may use an asterisk
    8118       ("<computeroutput>*</computeroutput>") to explicitly specify that
     8427      "<computeroutput>*</computeroutput>" to explicitly specify that
    81198428      the command should be applied to all objects or metrics. Use
    8120       "host" as the object name to limit the scope of the command to
    8121       host-related metrics. To limit the scope to a subset of metrics,
    8122       use a metric list with names separated by commas.
     8429      <computeroutput>host</computeroutput> as the object name to limit
     8430      the scope of the command to host-related metrics. To limit the
     8431      scope to a subset of metrics, use a metric list with names
     8432      separated by commas.
    81238433    </para>
    81248434
    81258435    <para>
    81268436      For example, to query metric data on the CPU time spent in user
    8127       and kernel modes by the virtual machine named "test", you can use
    8128       the following command:
     8437      and kernel modes by the virtual machine named
     8438      <computeroutput>test</computeroutput>, use the following command:
    81298439    </para>
    81308440
     
    81448454        <listitem>
    81458455          <para>
    8146             This subcommand shows the parameters of the currently
    8147             existing metrics. Note that VM-specific metrics are only
    8148             available when a particular VM is running.
     8456            Shows the parameters of the currently existing metrics. Note
     8457            that VM-specific metrics are only available when a
     8458            particular VM is running.
    81498459          </para>
    81508460        </listitem>
     
    81588468        <listitem>
    81598469          <para>
    8160             This subcommand sets the interval between taking two samples
    8161             of metric data and the number of samples retained
    8162             internally. The retained data is available for displaying
    8163             with the <code>query</code> subcommand. The
     8470            Sets the interval between taking two samples of metric data
     8471            and the number of samples retained internally. The retained
     8472            data is available for displaying with the
     8473            <command>query</command> subcommand. The
    81648474            <computeroutput>--list </computeroutput> option shows which
    81658475            metrics have been modified as the result of the command
     
    81768486        <listitem>
    81778487          <para>
    8178             This subcommand "resumes" data collection after it has been
    8179             stopped with <code>disable</code> subcommand. Note that
    8180             specifying submetrics as parameters will not enable
    8181             underlying metrics. Use
    8182             <computeroutput>--list</computeroutput> to find out if the
    8183             command did what was expected.
     8488            Resumes data collection after it has been stopped with the
     8489            <command>disable</command> subcommand. Note that specifying
     8490            submetrics as parameters will not enable underlying metrics.
     8491            Use <computeroutput>--list</computeroutput> to find out if
     8492            the command worked as expected.
    81848493          </para>
    81858494        </listitem>
     
    81938502        <listitem>
    81948503          <para>
    8195             This subcommand "suspends" data collection without affecting
    8196             collection parameters or collected data. Note that
    8197             specifying submetrics as parameters will not disable
    8198             underlying metrics. Use
    8199             <computeroutput>--list</computeroutput> to find out if the
    8200             command did what was expected.
     8504            Suspends data collection without affecting collection
     8505            parameters or collected data. Note that specifying
     8506            submetrics as parameters will not disable underlying
     8507            metrics. Use <computeroutput>--list</computeroutput> to find
     8508            out if the command worked as expected.
    82018509          </para>
    82028510        </listitem>
     
    82108518        <listitem>
    82118519          <para>
    8212             This subcommand retrieves and displays the currently
    8213             retained metric data.
    8214 
    8215             <note>
    8216               <para>
    8217                 The <code>query</code> subcommand does not remove or
    8218                 "flush" retained data. If you query often enough you
    8219                 will see how old samples are gradually being "phased
    8220                 out" by new samples.
    8221               </para>
    8222             </note>
    8223           </para>
     8520            Retrieves and displays the currently retained metric data.
     8521          </para>
     8522
     8523          <note>
     8524            <para>
     8525              The <command>query</command> subcommand does not remove or
     8526              flush retained data. If you query often enough you will
     8527              see how old samples are gradually being phased out by new
     8528              samples.
     8529            </para>
     8530          </note>
    82248531        </listitem>
    82258532      </varlistentry>
     
    82328539        <listitem>
    82338540          <para>
    8234             This subcommand sets the interval between taking two samples
    8235             of metric data and the number of samples retained
    8236             internally. The collected data is displayed periodically
    8237             until Ctrl-C is pressed unless the
    8238             <computeroutput>--detach</computeroutput> option is
    8239             specified. With the
     8541            Sets the interval between taking two samples of metric data
     8542            and the number of samples retained internally. The collected
     8543            data is displayed periodically until Ctrl+C is pressed,
     8544            unless the <computeroutput>--detach</computeroutput> option
     8545            is specified. With the
    82408546            <computeroutput>--detach</computeroutput> option, this
    8241             subcommand operates the same way as <code>setup</code> does.
    8242             The <computeroutput>--list</computeroutput> option shows
    8243             which metrics match the specified filter.
     8547            subcommand operates the same way as
     8548            <computeroutput>setup</computeroutput> does. The
     8549            <computeroutput>--list</computeroutput> option shows which
     8550            metrics match the specified filter.
    82448551          </para>
    82458552        </listitem>
     
    82688575      internal network is chosen when the NAT service is created, and
    82698576      the internal network will be created if it does not already exist.
    8270       An example command to create a NAT network:
     8577      The following is an example command to create a NAT network:
    82718578    </para>
    82728579
     
    82748581
    82758582    <para>
    8276       Here, "natnet1" is the name of the internal network to be used and
    8277       "192.168.15.0/24" is the network address and mask of the NAT
    8278       service interface. By default, in this static configuration the
    8279       gateway will be assigned the address 192.168.15.1, the address
    8280       after the interface address, though this is subject to change.
    8281     </para>
    8282 
    8283     <para>
    8284       To add a DHCP server to the NAT network after creation:
     8583      Here, <computeroutput>natnet1</computeroutput> is the name of the
     8584      internal network to be used and
     8585      <computeroutput>192.168.15.0/24</computeroutput> is the network
     8586      address and mask of the NAT service interface. By default, in this
     8587      static configuration the gateway will be assigned the address
     8588      192.168.15.1, the address after the interface address, though this
     8589      is subject to change.
     8590    </para>
     8591
     8592    <para>
     8593      To add a DHCP server to the NAT network after creation, run the
     8594      following command:
    82858595    </para>
    82868596
     
    82888598
    82898599    <para>
    8290       Below are the subcommands for
    8291       <emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>VBoxManage natnetwork
    8292       </computeroutput></emphasis>
     8600      The subcommands for <command>VBoxManage natnetwork</command> are
     8601      as follows:
    82938602    </para>
    82948603
     
    83058614
    83068615    <para>
    8307       <emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>VBoxManage natnetwork
    8308       add</computeroutput></emphasis> Creates a new internal network
    8309       interface, and adds a NAT network service. This command is a
    8310       prerequisite for enabling attachment of VMs to the NAT network.
    8311       Parameters are as follows:
     8616      <command>VBoxManage natnetwork add</command>: Creates a new
     8617      internal network interface, and adds a NAT network service. This
     8618      command is a prerequisite for enabling attachment of VMs to the
     8619      NAT network. Parameters are as follows:
    83128620    </para>
    83138621
     
    83348642        <listitem>
    83358643          <para>
    8336             Where &lt;network&gt; specifies the static(default)/DHCP
    8337             network address and mask of the NAT service interface.
     8644            Where &lt;network&gt; specifies the static or DHCP network
     8645            address and mask of the NAT service interface. The default
     8646            is a static network address.
    83388647          </para>
    83398648        </listitem>
     
    83478656        <listitem>
    83488657          <para>
    8349             Enables/disables the NAT network service.
     8658            Enables and disables the NAT network service.
    83508659          </para>
    83518660        </listitem>
     
    83598668        <listitem>
    83608669          <para>
    8361             Enables/disables DHCP server specified by --netname; its use
    8362             also indicates that it is a DHCP server.
     8670            Enables and disables a DHCP server specified by
     8671            <computeroutput>--netname</computeroutput>. Use of this
     8672            option also indicates that it is a DHCP server.
    83638673          </para>
    83648674        </listitem>
     
    83728682        <listitem>
    83738683          <para>
    8374             Enables IPv4 port forwarding, rule specified by
     8684            Enables IPv4 port forwarding, with a rule specified by
    83758685            &lt;rule&gt;.
    83768686          </para>
     
    83858695        <listitem>
    83868696          <para>
    8387             Enables IPv4 loopback interface, rule specified by
     8697            Enables the IPv4 loopback interface, with a rule specified
     8698            by &lt;rule&gt;.
     8699          </para>
     8700        </listitem>
     8701      </varlistentry>
     8702
     8703      <varlistentry>
     8704        <term>
     8705          <computeroutput>--ipv6 on|off</computeroutput>
     8706        </term>
     8707
     8708        <listitem>
     8709          <para>
     8710            Enables and disables IPv6. The default setting is IPv4,
     8711            disabling IPv6 enables IPv4.
     8712          </para>
     8713        </listitem>
     8714      </varlistentry>
     8715
     8716      <varlistentry>
     8717        <term>
     8718          <computeroutput>--port-forward-6 &lt;rule&gt;</computeroutput>
     8719        </term>
     8720
     8721        <listitem>
     8722          <para>
     8723            Enables IPv6 port forwarding, with a rule specified by
    83888724            &lt;rule&gt;.
    83898725          </para>
     
    83938729      <varlistentry>
    83948730        <term>
    8395           <computeroutput>--ipv6 on|off</computeroutput>
    8396         </term>
    8397 
    8398         <listitem>
    8399           <para>
    8400             Enables/disables IPv6 (default is IPv4, disables gives
    8401             IPv4).
    8402           </para>
    8403         </listitem>
    8404       </varlistentry>
    8405 
    8406       <varlistentry>
    8407         <term>
    8408           <computeroutput>--port-forward-6 &lt;rule&gt;</computeroutput>
    8409         </term>
    8410 
    8411         <listitem>
    8412           <para>
    8413             Enables IPv6 port forwarding, rule specified by
    8414             &lt;rule&gt;.
    8415           </para>
    8416         </listitem>
    8417       </varlistentry>
    8418 
    8419       <varlistentry>
    8420         <term>
    84218731          <computeroutput>--loopback-6 &lt;rule&gt;</computeroutput>
    84228732        </term>
     
    84248734        <listitem>
    84258735          <para>
    8426             Enables IPv6 loopback interface, rule specified by
    8427             &lt;rule&gt;.
     8736            Enables the IPv6 loopback interface, with a rule specified
     8737            by &lt;rule&gt;.
    84288738          </para>
    84298739        </listitem>
     
    84358745
    84368746    <para>
    8437       <emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>VBoxManage natnetwork
    8438       remove</computeroutput></emphasis> Removes a NAT network service.
    8439       Parameters are as follows:
     8747      <command>VBoxManage natnetwork remove</command>: Removes a NAT
     8748      network service. Parameters are as follows:
    84408749    </para>
    84418750
     
    84708779
    84718780    <para>
    8472       <emphasis role="bold"><computeroutput>VBoxManage natnetwork
    8473       modify</computeroutput></emphasis> Modifies an existing NAT
    8474       network service. Parameters are as follows:
     8781      <command>VBoxManage natnetwork modify</command>: Modifies an
     8782      existing NAT network service. Parameters are as follows:
    84758783    </para>
    84768784
     
    84978805        <listitem>
    84988806          <para>
    8499             Where &lt;network&gt; specifies the new static(default)/DHCP
    8500             network address and mask of the NAT service interface.
     8807            Where &lt;network&gt; specifies the new static or DHCP
     8808            network address and mask of the NAT service interface. The
     8809            default is a static network address.
    85018810          </para>
    85028811        </listitem>
     
    85108819        <listitem>
    85118820          <para>
    8512             Enables/disables the NAT network service.
     8821            Enables and disables the NAT network service.
    85138822          </para>
    85148823        </listitem>
     
    85228831        <listitem>
    85238832          <para>
    8524             Enables (and if absent, adds)/disables (if any) DHCP server.
     8833            Enables and disables a DHCP server. If a DHCP server is not
     8834            present, using enable adds a new DHCP server.
    85258835          </para>
    85268836        </listitem>
     
    85348844        <listitem>
    85358845          <para>
    8536             Enables IPv4 port forwarding, rule specified by
     8846            Enables IPv4 port forwarding, with a rule specified by
    85378847            &lt;rule&gt;.
    85388848          </para>
     
    85478857        <listitem>
    85488858          <para>
    8549             Enables IPv4 loopback interface, rule specified by
     8859            Enables the IPv4 loopback interface, with a rule specified
     8860            by &lt;rule&gt;.
     8861          </para>
     8862        </listitem>
     8863      </varlistentry>
     8864
     8865      <varlistentry>
     8866        <term>
     8867          <computeroutput>--ipv6 on|off</computeroutput>
     8868        </term>
     8869
     8870        <listitem>
     8871          <para>
     8872            Enables and disables IPv6. The default setting is IPv4,
     8873            disabling IPv6 enables IPv4.
     8874          </para>
     8875        </listitem>
     8876      </varlistentry>
     8877
     8878      <varlistentry>
     8879        <term>
     8880          <computeroutput>--port-forward-6 &lt;rule&gt;</computeroutput>
     8881        </term>
     8882
     8883        <listitem>
     8884          <para>
     8885            Enables IPv6 port forwarding, with a rule specified by
    85508886            &lt;rule&gt;.
    85518887          </para>
     
    85558891      <varlistentry>
    85568892        <term>
    8557           <computeroutput>--ipv6 on|off</computeroutput>
    8558         </term>
    8559 
    8560         <listitem>
    8561           <para>
    8562             Enables/disables IPv6 (default is IPv4, disables gives
    8563             IPv4).
    8564           </para>
    8565         </listitem>
    8566       </varlistentry>
    8567 
    8568       <varlistentry>
    8569         <term>
    8570           <computeroutput>--port-forward-6 &lt;rule&gt;</computeroutput>
    8571         </term>
    8572 
    8573         <listitem>
    8574           <para>
    8575             Enables IPv6 port forwarding, rule specified by
    8576             &lt;rule&gt;.
    8577           </para>
    8578         </listitem>
    8579       </varlistentry>
    8580 
    8581       <varlistentry>
    8582         <term>
    85838893          <computeroutput>--loopback-6 &lt;rule&gt;</computeroutput>
    85848894        </term>
     
    85868896        <listitem>
    85878897          <para>
    8588             Enables IPv6 loopback interface, rule specified by
     8898            Enables IPv6 loopback interface, with a rule specified by
    85898899            &lt;rule&gt;.
    85908900          </para>
     
    85988908
    85998909    <para>
    8600       <emphasis  role="bold"><computeroutput>VBoxManage natnetwork
    8601       start</computeroutput></emphasis> Starts specified NAT network
    8602       service and any associated DHCP server. Parameters are as follows:
     8910      <command>VBoxManage natnetwork start</command>: Starts the
     8911      specified NAT network service and any associated DHCP server.
     8912      Parameters are as follows:
    86038913    </para>
    86048914
     
    86248934
    86258935    <para>
    8626       <emphasis  role="bold"><computeroutput>VBoxManage natnetwork
    8627       stop</computeroutput></emphasis> Stops specified NAT network
    8628       service and any DHCP server. Parameters are as follows:
     8936      <command>VBoxManage natnetwork stop</command>: Stops the specified
     8937      NAT network service and any DHCP server. Parameters are as
     8938      follows:
    86298939    </para>
    86308940
     
    86498959
    86508960    <para>
    8651       <emphasis  role="bold"><computeroutput>VBoxManage natnetwork
    8652       list</computeroutput></emphasis> Lists all NAT network services
    8653       with optional filtering. Parameters are as follows:
     8961      <command>VBoxManage natnetwork list</command>: Lists all NAT
     8962      network services, with optional filtering. Parameters are as
     8963      follows:
    86548964    </para>
    86558965
     
    86638973        <listitem>
    86648974          <para>
    8665             Where &lt;pattern&gt; is optional filtering pattern.
     8975            Where &lt;pattern&gt; is an optional filtering pattern.
    86668976          </para>
    86678977        </listitem>
     
    86778987
    86788988    <para>
    8679       With "hostonlyif" you can change the IP configuration of a
    8680       host-only network interface. For a description of host-only
    8681       networking, see <xref linkend="network_hostonly" />. Each
    8682       host-only interface is identified by a name and can either use the
    8683       internal DHCP server or a manual IP configuration, both IP4 and
    8684       IP6.
     8989      The <command>hostonlyif</command> command enables you to change
     8990      the IP configuration of a host-only network interface. For a
     8991      description of host-only networking, see
     8992      <xref linkend="network_hostonly" />. Each host-only interface is
     8993      identified by a name and can either use the internal DHCP server
     8994      or a manual IP configuration, both IP4 and IP6.
    86858995    </para>
    86868996
     
    86989008        <listitem>
    86999009          <para>
    8700             Configure a host-only interface
     9010            Configures a host-only interface.
    87019011          </para>
    87029012        </listitem>
     
    87389048
    87399049    <para>
    8740       The "dhcpserver" commands allow you to control the DHCP server
    8741       that is built into VirtualBox. You may find this useful when using
    8742       internal or host-only networking. Theoretically, you can enable it
    8743       for a bridged network as well, but that will likely cause
    8744       conflicts with other DHCP servers in your physical network.
     9050      The <command>dhcpserver</command> commands enable you to control
     9051      the DHCP server that is built into &product-name;. You may find
     9052      this useful when using internal or host-only networking.
     9053      Theoretically, you can also enable it for a bridged network, but
     9054      that may cause conflicts with other DHCP servers in your physical
     9055      network.
    87459056    </para>
    87469057
     
    87789089
    87799090        <para>
    8780           Alternatively, you can also use the
    8781           <computeroutput>--netname</computeroutput> option as with
    8782           internal networks if you know the host-only network's name.
    8783           You can see the names with <computeroutput>VBoxManage list
    8784           hostonlyifs</computeroutput>. See
     9091          Alternatively, you can also use the <option>--netname</option>
     9092          option as with internal networks if you know the host-only
     9093          network's name. You can see the names with <command>VBoxManage
     9094          list hostonlyifs</command>. See
    87859095          <xref linkend="vboxmanage-list" />.
    87869096        </para>
     
    87999109        <para>
    88009110          With <computeroutput>--ip</computeroutput>, specify the IP
    8801           address of the DHCP server itself.
     9111          address of the DHCP server.
    88029112        </para>
    88039113      </listitem>
     
    88149124          With <computeroutput>--lowerip</computeroutput> and
    88159125          <computeroutput>--upperip</computeroutput>, you can specify
    8816           the lowest and highest IP address, respectively, that the DHCP
    8817           server will hand out to clients.
     9126          the lowest and highest IP address that the DHCP server will
     9127          assign to clients.
    88189128        </para>
    88199129      </listitem>
    88209130
    88219131    </itemizedlist>
     9132
     9133    <para>
     9134      You can specify additional DHCP options with the
     9135      <computeroutput>--options</computeroutput> command option. Use
     9136      <computeroutput>--id</computeroutput> and
     9137      <computeroutput>--value</computeroutput> to configure a number and
     9138      string pair corresponding to the DHCP option. Use
     9139      <computeroutput>--remove</computeroutput> to remove a DHCP option.
     9140    </para>
     9141
     9142    <para>
     9143      The <computeroutput>--vm</computeroutput> and
     9144      <computeroutput>--nic</computeroutput> settings enable you to
     9145      configure DHCP options for a specific network adapter used by the
     9146      named VM.
     9147    </para>
    88229148
    88239149    <para>
    88249150      Finally, you must specify
    88259151      <computeroutput>--enable</computeroutput> or the DHCP server will
    8826       be created in the disabled state, doing nothing.
    8827     </para>
    8828 
    8829     <para>
    8830       After this, VirtualBox will automatically start the DHCP server
    8831       for given internal or host-only network as soon as the first
    8832       virtual machine which uses that network is started.
    8833     </para>
    8834 
    8835     <para>
    8836       Reversely, use <computeroutput>VBoxManage dhcpserver
    8837       remove</computeroutput> with the given <computeroutput>--netname
    8838       &lt;network_name&gt;</computeroutput> or <computeroutput>--ifname
    8839       &lt;hostonly_if_name&gt;</computeroutput> to remove the DHCP
    8840       server again for the given internal or host-only network.
    8841     </para>
    8842 
    8843     <para>
    8844       To modify the settings of a DHCP server created earlier with
    8845       <computeroutput>VBoxManage dhcpserver add</computeroutput>, you
    8846       can use <computeroutput>VBoxManage dhcpserver
    8847       modify</computeroutput> for a given network or host-only interface
    8848       name. This has the same parameters as <computeroutput>VBoxManage
    8849       dhcpserver add</computeroutput>.
     9152      be created in the disabled state and will not be running.
     9153    </para>
     9154
     9155    <para>
     9156      After this, &product-name; will automatically start the DHCP
     9157      server for the specified internal network or host-only network as
     9158      soon as the first virtual machine which uses that network is
     9159      started.
     9160    </para>
     9161
     9162    <para>
     9163      Use <command>VBoxManage dhcpserver remove</command> with the given
     9164      <computeroutput>--netname &lt;network_name&gt;</computeroutput> or
     9165      <computeroutput>--ifname &lt;hostonly_if_name&gt;</computeroutput>
     9166      to remove the DHCP server for the specified internal network or
     9167      host-only network.
     9168    </para>
     9169
     9170    <para>
     9171      To modify the settings of a DHCP server created using
     9172      <command>VBoxManage dhcpserver add</command>, you can use
     9173      <command>VBoxManage dhcpserver modify</command> for a given
     9174      network or host-only interface name. This has the same parameters
     9175      as <command>VBoxManage dhcpserver add</command>.
    88509176    </para>
    88519177
     
    88579183
    88589184    <para>
    8859       The "usbdevsource" commands enable you to add and remove USB
    8860       devices globally.
     9185      The <command>usbdevsource</command> commands enable you to add and
     9186      remove USB devices globally.
    88619187    </para>
    88629188
     
    88719197
    88729198    <para>
    8873       Where the command line options are:
     9199      Where the command line options are as follows:
    88749200    </para>
    88759201
     
    88789204      <listitem>
    88799205        <para>
    8880           &lt;source name&gt; specifies the ID of the 'source' USB
    8881           device to be added. Mandatory.
    8882         </para>
    8883       </listitem>
    8884 
    8885       <listitem>
    8886         <para>
    8887           --backend &lt;backend&gt; specifies the USB proxy service
    8888           backend to use. Mandatory.
    8889         </para>
    8890       </listitem>
    8891 
    8892       <listitem>
    8893         <para>
    8894           --address &lt;address&gt; specifies the backend specific
    8895           address. Mandatory.
     9206          <computeroutput>&lt;source name&gt;</computeroutput>:
     9207          Specifies the ID of the source USB device to be added.
     9208          Mandatory.
     9209        </para>
     9210      </listitem>
     9211
     9212      <listitem>
     9213        <para>
     9214          <computeroutput>--backend &lt;backend&gt;</computeroutput>:
     9215          Specifies the USB proxy service backend to use. Mandatory.
     9216        </para>
     9217      </listitem>
     9218
     9219      <listitem>
     9220        <para>
     9221          <computeroutput> --address &lt;address&gt;</computeroutput>:
     9222          Specifies the backend specific address. Mandatory.
    88969223        </para>
    88979224      </listitem>
     
    89079234
    89089235    <para>
    8909       Where the command line options are:
     9236      Where the command line options are as follows:
    89109237    </para>
    89119238
     
    89149241      <listitem>
    89159242        <para>
    8916           &lt;source name&gt; specifies the ID of the 'source' USB
    8917           device to be removed. Mandatory.
     9243          <computeroutput>&lt;source name&gt;</computeroutput>:
     9244          Specifies the ID of the source USB device to be removed.
     9245          Mandatory.
    89189246        </para>
    89199247      </listitem>
     
    89239251  </sect1>
    89249252
    8925   <xi:include href="user_man_VBoxManage-mediumio.xml"   xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
    8926 
    8927   <xi:include href="user_man_VBoxManage-debugvm.xml"    xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
    8928 
    8929   <xi:include href="user_man_VBoxManage-extpack.xml"    xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
    8930 
    8931   <xi:include href="user_man_VBoxManage-unattended.xml" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
     9253  <xi:include href="user_man_VBoxManage-mediumio.xml"   xpointer="element(/1)" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
     9254
     9255  <xi:include href="user_man_VBoxManage-debugvm.xml"    xpointer="element(/1)" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
     9256
     9257  <xi:include href="user_man_VBoxManage-extpack.xml"    xpointer="element(/1)" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
     9258
     9259  <xi:include href="user_man_VBoxManage-unattended.xml" xpointer="element(/1)" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
    89329260
    89339261</chapter>
  • trunk/doc/manual/en_US/user_VirtualBoxAPI.xml

    r73278 r76078  
    77<chapter id="VirtualBoxAPI">
    88
    9   <title>VirtualBox Programming Interfaces</title>
     9  <title>&product-name; Programming Interfaces</title>
    1010
    1111  <para>
    12     VirtualBox comes with comprehensive support for third-party
    13     developers. The so-called "Main API" of VirtualBox exposes the
     12    &product-name; comes with comprehensive support for third-party
     13    developers. The so-called "Main API" of &product-name; exposes the
    1414    entire feature set of the virtualization engine. It is completely
    15     documented and available to anyone who wishes to control VirtualBox
    16     programmatically.
     15    documented and available to anyone who wishes to control
     16    &product-name; programmatically.
    1717  </para>
    1818
     
    2929    Development Kit (SDK)</emphasis>. The SDK is available for download
    3030    from
    31     <ulink
     31    <ulink 
    3232  url="http://www.virtualbox.org">http://www.virtualbox.org</ulink>.
    3333    In particular, the SDK comes with a Programming Guide and Reference
  • trunk/doc/manual/user_ChangeLogImpl.xml

    r76052 r76078  
    11<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    2 
    32<!-- Release change log structure
    43
     
    2423    Host-related entries
    2524    Guest-related entries -->
    26 
    27 <chapter> <!-- HACK ALERT! Seems we must have a single top level element for xi:include to work.
     25<chapter>
     26
     27<!-- HACK ALERT! Seems we must have a single top level element for xi:include to work.
    2828                           So, we use chapter and xpointer="xpointer(/chapter/)" with xi:include. -->
    2929
    3030  <sect1>
    31     <title>Version 6.0.0 release candidate 1 (2018-xx-xx)</title>
    32 
    33     <para>This is a major update. The following major new features
    34       were added:</para>
     31
     32    <title>Version 6.0.0_RC1 (2018-xx-xx)</title>
     33   
     34    <para>
     35      This is a major update. The following major new features were
     36      added:
     37    </para>
    3538
    3639    <itemizedlist>
     
    4346    </itemizedlist>
    4447
    45     <para>In addition, the following items were fixed and/or added:</para>
     48    <para>
     49      In addition, the following items were fixed or added:
     50    </para>
    4651
    4752    <itemizedlist>
     
    5257
    5358    </itemizedlist>
    54   </sect1>
    55 
    56   <sect1>
    57     <title>Version 6.0.0 BETA 3 (2018-11-30)</title>
    58 
     59
     60  </sect1>
     61  <sect1>
     62    <title>Version 6.0.0_BETA3 (2018-11-30)</title>
     63   
    5964    <para>This is a beta release. The following major new features
    6065      were added:</para>
    61 
    62     <itemizedlist>
    63 
     66   
     67    <itemizedlist>
     68     
    6469      <listitem>
    6570        <para>OCI integration: exporting a VM is now possible from the command line
    66            interface (VBoxManage)</para>
    67       </listitem>
    68 
     71          interface (VBoxManage)</para>
     72      </listitem>
     73     
    6974      <listitem>
    7075        <para>OCI integration: all virtualized shapes are supported, e.g.
    71            VM.Standard2.*</para>
    72       </listitem>
    73 
     76          VM.Standard2.*</para>
     77      </listitem>
     78     
    7479      <listitem>
    7580        <para>Devices/graphics: enable support for VMSVGA graphics device emulation
    76            by default</para>
    77       </listitem>
    78 
     81          by default</para>
     82      </listitem>
     83     
    7984      <listitem>
    8085        <para>VBoxManage: support for DHCP options</para>
    8186      </listitem>
    82 
     87     
    8388      <listitem>
    8489        <para>Windows guests: support VMSVGA in the Windows Additions</para>
    8590      </listitem>
    86 
    87     </itemizedlist>
    88 
     91     
     92    </itemizedlist>
     93   
    8994    <para>In addition, the following items were fixed and/or added:</para>
    90 
    91     <itemizedlist>
    92 
     95   
     96    <itemizedlist>
     97     
    9398      <listitem>
    9499        <para>Serial: allow changing the serial port attachment while the
    95100          VM is running (bug #6115)</para>
    96101      </listitem>
    97 
     102     
    98103      <listitem>
    99104        <para>Linux hosts: support Linux 4.20 (thank you Larry Finger)</para>
    100105      </listitem>
    101 
     106     
    102107      <listitem>
    103108        <para>Linux guests: support Linux 4.20 (thank you Larry Finger)</para>
    104109      </listitem>
    105 
     110     
    106111      <listitem>
    107112        <para>Linux guests: support VMSVGA in the Linux and X11 Additions</para>
    108113      </listitem>
    109 
    110     </itemizedlist>
    111   </sect1>
    112 
    113   <sect1>
    114     <title>Version 6.0.0 BETA 2 (2018-11-15)</title>
    115 
     114     
     115    </itemizedlist>
     116  </sect1>
     117 
     118  <sect1>
     119    <title>Version 6.0.0_BETA2 (2018-11-15)</title>
     120   
    116121    <para>This is a beta release. The following major new features
    117122      were added:</para>
    118 
    119     <itemizedlist>
    120 
     123   
     124    <itemizedlist>
     125     
    121126      <listitem>
    122127        <para>User interface: a new file manager enabling user to control the guest file system and copy file objects between host and guest.</para>
    123128      </listitem>
    124 
    125     </itemizedlist>
    126 
     129     
     130    </itemizedlist>
     131   
    127132    <para>In addition, the following items were fixed and/or added:</para>
    128 
    129     <itemizedlist>
    130 
     133   
     134    <itemizedlist>
     135     
    131136      <listitem>
    132137        <para>Oracle Cloud integration fixes and improvements</para>
    133138      </listitem>
    134 
     139     
    135140      <listitem>
    136141        <para>User interface: many improvements</para>
    137142      </listitem>
    138 
     143     
    139144      <listitem>
    140145        <para>Audio/Video recording fixes and improvements</para>
    141146      </listitem>
    142 
     147     
    143148      <listitem>
    144149        <para>Devices: new BusLogic ISA variant</para>
    145150      </listitem>
    146 
     151     
    147152      <listitem>
    148153        <para>Devices: serial port fixes</para>
    149154      </listitem>
    150 
     155     
    151156      <listitem>
    152157        <para>BIOS: fixes</para>
    153158      </listitem>
    154 
     159     
    155160      <listitem>
    156161        <para>API: transparently resize disk images when merging if
    157            possible</para>
    158       </listitem>
    159 
     162          possible</para>
     163      </listitem>
     164     
    160165      <listitem>
    161166        <para>Solaris: installer fixes</para>
    162167      </listitem>
    163 
     168     
    164169      <listitem>
    165170        <para>Windows Guest Additions: fix incorrect tablet co-ordinate
    166            handling with recent Windows 10 builds</para>
    167       </listitem>
    168 
     171          handling with recent Windows 10 builds</para>
     172      </listitem>
     173     
    169174      <listitem>
    170175        <para>Guest Additions: improved shared folder auto-mounting</para>
    171176      </listitem>
    172 
     177     
    173178      <listitem>
    174179        <para>OS/2 Guest Additions: initial shared folder support</para>
    175180      </listitem>
    176 
    177     </itemizedlist>
    178   </sect1>
    179 
    180   <sect1>
    181     <title>Version 6.0.0 BETA 1 (2018-10-22)</title>
    182 
     181     
     182    </itemizedlist>
     183  </sect1>
     184 
     185  <sect1>
     186    <title>Version 6.0.0_BETA1 (2018-10-22)</title>
     187   
    183188    <para>This is a beta release. The following major new features
    184189      were added:</para>
    185 
    186     <itemizedlist>
    187 
     190   
     191    <itemizedlist>
     192     
    188193      <listitem>
    189194        <para>OCI Integration: implemented support for exporting a VM to
    190195          Oracle Cloud Infrastructure</para>
    191196      </listitem>
    192 
     197     
    193198      <listitem>
    194199        <para>User interface: greatly improved HiDPI and scaling support,
    195            including better using host HiDPI support, HiDPI icons,
    196            improved detection and per-machine configuration</para>
    197       </listitem>
    198 
     200          including better using host HiDPI support, HiDPI icons,
     201          improved detection and per-machine configuration</para>
     202      </listitem>
     203     
    199204      <listitem>
    200205        <para>User interface: major rework of interface style with improved
    201            ease of access for application and machine set-up</para>
    202       </listitem>
    203 
     206          ease of access for application and machine set-up</para>
     207      </listitem>
     208     
    204209      <listitem>
    205210        <para>User interface: an improved logviewer widget.</para>
    206211      </listitem>
    207 
     212     
    208213      <listitem>
    209214        <para>User interface: several improvements to import appliance and clone virtual machine wizards including (not limited to) enabling user to select non-default folders per machine.</para>
    210215      </listitem>
    211 
     216     
    212217      <listitem>
    213218        <para>User interface: a new floppy disk creation widget enabling user to create/add a (optionally formatted) floppy disk.</para>
    214219      </listitem>
    215 
     220     
    216221      <listitem>
    217222        <para>User interface: a new media selection widget enabling the user to select one of the already known media or select a disk image file.</para>
    218223      </listitem>
    219 
    220     </itemizedlist>
    221 
    222   <para>In addition, the following items were fixed and/or added:</para>
    223 
    224     <itemizedlist>
    225 
     224     
     225    </itemizedlist>
     226   
     227    <para>In addition, the following items were fixed and/or added:</para>
     228   
     229    <itemizedlist>
     230     
    226231      <listitem>
    227232        <para>User interface: video and audio recording can now be separately
    228            enabled</para>
    229       </listitem>
    230 
     233          enabled</para>
     234      </listitem>
     235     
    231236      <listitem>
    232237        <para>Audio: implemented support for attaching / detaching VRDE
    233238          audio drivers at runtime</para>
    234239      </listitem>
    235 
     240     
    236241      <listitem>
    237242        <para>Guest Control: various new APIs and features were implemented
    238243          (see SDK documentation for more)</para>
    239244      </listitem>
    240 
     245     
    241246      <listitem>
    242247        <para>Networking: Added a workaround for older guests which do not enable
    243248          bus mastering for the virtio PCI device</para>
    244249      </listitem>
    245 
     250     
    246251      <listitem>
    247252        <para>iSCSI: In cases where there is no ambiguity, the LUN of an iSCSI
     
    250255        </para>
    251256      </listitem>
    252 
     257     
    253258      <listitem>
    254259        <para>ACPI: Up to four custom ACPI tables can now be configured for a VM
    255260        </para>
    256261      </listitem>
    257 
    258     </itemizedlist>
    259   </sect1>
    260 
    261   <sect1>
    262     <title>Version 5.2.6 (2018-01-15)</title>
    263 
    264     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    265       added:</para>
    266 
    267     <itemizedlist>
    268 
    269       <listitem>
    270         <para>GUI: fixed occasional screen corruption when host screen resolution
    271           is changed</para>
    272       </listitem>
    273 
    274       <listitem>
    275         <para>User interface: increase proposed disk size when creating new VMs
    276           for Windows 7 and newer</para>
    277       </listitem>
    278 
    279       <listitem>
    280         <para>User interface: various improvements for high resolution
    281            screens</para>
    282       </listitem>
    283 
    284       <listitem>
    285         <para>VMM: Fixed problems using 256MB VRAM in raw-mode VMs</para>
    286       </listitem>
    287 
    288       <listitem>
    289         <para>Audio: implemented support for audio playback and recording for
    290           macOS guests</para>
    291       </listitem>
    292 
    293       <listitem>
    294         <para>Audio: further timing improvements for Windows 10 guests</para>
    295       </listitem>
    296 
    297       <listitem>
    298         <para>Linux hosts: fixed problem accessing mini-toolbar under
    299            XFCE (bug #17280, contributed by Dusan Gallo)</para>
    300       </listitem>
    301 
    302     </itemizedlist>
    303   </sect1>
    304 
    305   <sect1>
    306     <title>Version 5.2.4 (2017-12-19)</title>
    307 
    308     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    309       added:</para>
    310 
    311     <itemizedlist>
    312 
    313       <listitem>
    314         <para>User interface: Adjusting desktop file for X11 window managers
    315           (bug #17312)</para>
    316       </listitem>
    317 
    318       <listitem>
    319         <para>User interface: various high resolution display adjustments</para>
    320       </listitem>
    321 
    322       <listitem>
    323         <para>Audio: fixed SB16 volume handling (5.2 regression)</para>
    324       </listitem>
    325 
    326       <listitem>
    327         <para>Audio: various fixes</para>
    328       </listitem>
    329 
    330       <listitem>
    331         <para>USB/OHCI: fixed a problem where OHCI emulation might sporadically drop data transfers</para>
    332       </listitem>
    333 
    334       <listitem>
    335         <para>Linux hosts: fixed screen corruption when the host screen changes
    336           and a virtual machine window is maximized</para>
    337       </listitem>
    338 
    339       <listitem>
    340         <para>X11 Guest Additions: fixed a hang at the GNOME Shell login screen
    341           with 3D enabled (5.2 regression, bugs #17189 and #17190)</para>
    342       </listitem>
    343 
    344     </itemizedlist>
    345   </sect1>
    346 
    347   <sect1>
    348     <title>Version 5.2.2 (2017-11-22)</title>
    349 
    350     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    351       added:</para>
    352 
    353     <itemizedlist>
    354 
    355       <listitem>
    356         <para>User interface: various improvements for high resolution screens</para>
    357       </listitem>
    358 
    359       <listitem>
    360         <para>User interface: added functionality to duplicate optical and floppy
    361           images</para>
    362       </listitem>
    363 
    364       <listitem>
    365         <para>User interface: various improvements for the virtual media manager</para>
    366       </listitem>
    367 
    368       <listitem>
    369         <para>VMM: fixed emulation so that Plan 9 guests can start once more
    370           (5.1.0 regression)</para>
    371       </listitem>
    372 
    373       <listitem>
    374         <para>Storage: fixed regression breaking iSCSI (bug #17196)</para>
    375       </listitem>
    376 
    377       <listitem>
    378         <para>Audio: added HDA support for more exotic guests (e.g. Haiku)</para
    379 >
    380       </listitem>
    381 
    382       <listitem>
    383         <para>Serial: fixed hanging I/O when using named pipes on Windows
    384           (5.2.0 regression; bug #17227)</para>
    385       </listitem>
    386 
    387       <listitem>
    388         <para>Serial: fixed broken communication with certain devices on Linux
    389           hosts</para>
    390       </listitem>
    391 
    392       <listitem>
    393         <para>Bridged networking: fixed duplicate EtherType in VLAN/priority tags
    394           on Linux (5.2.0 regression; bug #17277)</para>
    395       </listitem>
    396 
    397       <listitem>
    398         <para>USB/OHCI: improved behavior so that the controller state after a VM reset
    399            is closer to the initial state after VM start</para>
    400       </listitem>
    401 
    402       <listitem>
    403         <para>EFI: fixed HFS+ driver which in rare cases failed to access most files
    404           on a volume</para>
    405       </listitem>
    406 
    407       <listitem>
    408         <para>Shared clipboard: fixed hang with OS X host and Linux guest
    409          (bug #15782)</para>
    410       </listitem>
    411 
    412       <listitem>
    413         <para>Linux hosts: fixed kernel module compilation and start failures
    414           with Linux kernel 4.14 (bug #17267)</para>
    415       </listitem>
    416 
    417       <listitem>
    418         <para>X11 hosts: better handle WM_CLASS setting (bug #12534)</para>
    419       </listitem>
    420 
    421       <listitem>
    422         <para>Linux guests: fixed kernel module compilation and other problems
    423          with Linux kernel 4.14</para>
    424       </listitem>
    425 
    426       <listitem>
    427         <para>Linux guests: fixed various 5.2.0 regressions (bugs #17163,
    428          #17203)</para>
    429       </listitem>
    430 
    431     </itemizedlist>
    432   </sect1>
    433 
    434   <sect1>
    435     <title>Version 5.2.0 (2017-10-17)</title>
    436 
    437     <para>This is a major update. The following major new features
    438       were added:</para>
    439 
    440     <itemizedlist>
    441 
    442       <listitem>
    443         <para>VM export to Oracle Cloud (OPC)</para>
    444       </listitem>
    445 
    446       <listitem>
    447         <para>Unattended guest installation (bug #5810; see <xref
    448          linkend="basic-unattended" />)</para>
    449       </listitem>
    450 
    451       <listitem>
    452         <para>Overhauled VM selector GUI (improved tools VM / global
    453           tools handling, new icons)</para>
    454       </listitem>
    455 
    456       <listitem>
    457         <para>Added experimental audio support for video recording</para>
    458       </listitem>
    459 
    460     </itemizedlist>
    461 
    462     <para>In addition, the following items were fixed and/or added:</para>
    463 
    464     <itemizedlist>
    465 
    466       <listitem>
    467         <para>VMM: fixed reason for recent Linux kernels on also recent CPU
    468           models warning about "XSAVE consistency problem"</para>
    469       </listitem>
    470 
    471       <listitem>
    472         <para>GUI: Virtual Media Manager rework allowing to manage media
    473           attributes, like size, location, type and description</para>
    474       </listitem>
    475 
    476       <listitem>
    477         <para>GUI: Host-only Network Manager implemented to simplify managing
    478           corresponding networks and their attributes</para>
    479       </listitem>
    480 
    481       <listitem>
    482         <para>GUI: Snapshot Pane rework allowing to manage snapshot
    483           attributes, like name and description; reworked snapshot details
    484           which looks more clear, corresponds to VM Details pane and reflects
    485           current VM state difference according to last snapshot taken</para>
    486       </listitem>
    487 
    488       <listitem>
    489         <para>GUI: Audio settings extended with possibility to enable/disable
    490           audio input/output; corresponding changed were done to Audio
    491           and Video Capture settings pages; VM Devices menu and status-bar
    492           extended with corresponding actions and indicator as well</para>
    493       </listitem>
    494 
    495       <listitem>
    496         <para>GUI: improvements with accessibility support</para>
    497       </listitem>
    498 
    499       <listitem>
    500         <para>GUI: Fixed double mouse cursor when using mouse integration
    501           without Guest Additions, actually a Qt 5.6 bug fixed with QT 5.6.3
    502           (Mac OS X hosts only; bug #15610)</para>
    503       </listitem>
    504 
    505       <listitem>
    506         <para>Audio: implemented (optional) device enumeration support for
    507           audio backends</para>
    508       </listitem>
    509 
    510       <listitem>
    511         <para>Audio: implemented support for host device callbacks (e.g. when
    512           adding or removing an audio device)</para>
    513       </listitem>
    514 
    515       <listitem>
    516         <para>Audio: HDA emulation now uses asynchronous data processing in
    517           separate threads</para>
    518       </listitem>
    519 
    520       <listitem>
    521         <para>Audio: implemented ability to enable or disable audio
    522           input / output on-the-fly</para>
    523       </listitem>
    524 
    525       <listitem>
    526         <para>Storage: implemented support for CUE/BIN images as CD/DVD media
    527           including multiple tracks</para>
    528       </listitem>
    529 
    530       <listitem>
    531         <para>Storage: implemented support for the controller memory buffer
    532           feature for NVMe</para>
    533       </listitem>
    534 
    535       <listitem>
    536         <para>Storage: first milestone of the I/O stack redesign landed</para>
    537       </listitem>
    538 
    539       <listitem>
    540         <para>E1000: Fix for Windows XP freeze when booting with unplugged
    541           cable</para>
    542       </listitem>
    543 
    544       <listitem>
    545         <para>NAT network: do not skip some port forwarding setup when
    546           multiple VMs are active (Windows hosts only; bug #17041)</para>
    547       </listitem>
    548 
    549       <listitem>
    550         <para>Serial: fixed extremely rare misbehavior on VM poweroff</para>
    551       </listitem>
    552 
    553       <listitem>
    554         <para>EFI: better video mode handling, supporting custom video
    555           modes and easier configuration (bug #6783)</para>
    556       </listitem>
    557 
    558       <listitem>
    559         <para>BIOS: properly report floppy logical sectors per track for
    560           unusual formats</para>
    561       </listitem>
    562 
    563       <listitem>
    564         <para>BIOS: update ATA disk parameter table vectors only if there is
    565           actually a corresponding ATA disk attached</para>
    566       </listitem>
    567 
    568       <listitem>
    569         <para>PXE: speed up booting by better handling pending packets when
    570           the link is not up yet</para>
    571       </listitem>
    572 
    573       <listitem>
    574         <para>VBoxManage: handle CPUID sub-leaf overrides better</para>
    575       </listitem>
    576 
    577       <listitem>
    578         <para>Windows Additions: fix several 3D related crashes</para>
    579       </listitem>
    580 
    581       <listitem>
    582         <para>Solaris hosts: allow increasing MTU size for host-only adapter to
    583           9706 bytes to support jumbo frames</para>
    584       </listitem>
    585 
    586       <listitem>
    587         <para>Linux Additions: on systems using systemd, make sure that only
    588           the Guest Additions timesync service is active</para>
    589       </listitem>
    590 
    591       <listitem>
    592         <para>many unlisted fixes and improvements</para>
    593       </listitem>
    594 
    595     </itemizedlist>
    596   </sect1>
    597 
    598   <sect1>
    599     <title>Version 5.1.32 (2018-01-15)</title>
    600 
    601     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    602       added:</para>
    603 
    604     <itemizedlist>
    605 
    606       <listitem>
    607         <para>GUI: fixed occasional screen corruption when host screen resolution
    608           is changed</para>
    609       </listitem>
    610 
    611       <listitem>
    612         <para>User interface: increase proposed disk size when creating new VMs
    613           for Windows 7 and newer</para>
    614       </listitem>
    615 
    616       <listitem>
    617         <para>Serial: fixed broken communication with certain devices on Linux
    618           hosts</para>
    619       </listitem>
    620 
    621       <listitem>
    622         <para>VMM: Fixed problems using 256MB VRAM in raw-mode VMs</para>
    623       </listitem>
    624 
    625       <listitem>
    626         <para>Audio: added HDA support for more exotic guests (e.g. Haiku)</para>
    627       </listitem>
    628 
    629     <listitem>
    630         <para>Audio: fixed playback with ALSA backend (5.1.28 regression)</para>
    631       </listitem>
    632 
    633       <listitem>
    634         <para>USB/OHCI: fixed a problem where OHCI emulation might sporadically
    635           drop data transfers</para>
    636       </listitem>
    637 
    638       <listitem>
    639         <para>Windows hosts: VirtualBoxManager in the Python API no longer calls
    640           CoUninitialize when destroyed</para>
    641       </listitem>
    642 
    643       <listitem>
    644         <para>Linux hosts: fixed VBoxNetFlt kernel module compilation failure
    645           with Linux kernel 4.14</para>
    646       </listitem>
    647 
    648       <listitem>
    649         <para>Linux guests: fixed kernel module compilation and other problems
    650           with Linux kernel 4.14</para>
    651       </listitem>
    652 
    653     </itemizedlist>
    654   </sect1>
    655 
    656   <sect1>
    657     <title>Version 5.1.30 (2017-10-16)</title>
    658 
    659     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    660       added:</para>
    661 
    662     <itemizedlist>
    663 
    664       <listitem>
    665         <para>GUI: translation updates</para>
    666       </listitem>
    667 
    668       <listitem>
    669         <para>GUI: Fixed double mouse cursor when using mouse integration
    670           without Guest Additions, actually a Qt 5.6 bug fixed with QT 5.6.3
    671           (Mac OS X hosts only; bug #15610)</para>
    672       </listitem>
    673 
    674       <listitem>
    675         <para>Solaris hosts: allow increasing MTU size for host-only adapter to
    676           9706 bytes to support jumbo frames</para>
    677       </listitem>
    678 
    679       <listitem>
    680         <para>Linux hosts: glibc 2.26 compile fix</para>
    681       </listitem>
    682 
    683       <listitem>
    684         <para>Windows Additions: 3D related crash fix (bugs #17082, #17092)</para>
    685       </listitem>
    686 
    687     </itemizedlist>
    688   </sect1>
    689 
    690   <sect1>
    691     <title>Version 5.1.28 (2017-09-13)</title>
    692 
    693     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    694       added:</para>
    695 
    696     <itemizedlist>
    697 
    698       <listitem>
    699         <para>GUI: mouse events did not reach host windows behind the transparent
    700           VM window (Mac OS X hosts only; bug #16246)</para>
    701       </listitem>
    702 
    703       <listitem>
    704         <para>Audio: fixed accidental crashes when using the AC'97 sound
    705           emulation (bug #16959)</para>
    706       </listitem>
    707 
    708       <listitem>
    709         <para>Audio: fixed crash when default input or output devices have changed
    710           (bugs #16968, #16969, #17004)</para>
    711       </listitem>
    712       <listitem>
    713         <para>Audio: fixed recording when using the ALSA backend</para>
    714       </listitem>
    715 
    716       <listitem>
    717         <para>Audio: fixed handle leak when using the OSS backend</para>
    718       </listitem>
    719 
    720       <listitem>
    721         <para>E1000: fixed a crash related to VLAN traffic over internal
    722           network (5.1.26 regression; bug #16960)</para>
    723       </listitem>
    724 
    725       <listitem>
    726         <para>NAT: apply <emphasis>--natbindip1</emphasis> to TCP connections
    727           (bug #16478)</para>
    728       </listitem>
    729 
    730       <listitem>
    731         <para>OVF: when importing an appliance with XHCI controller, don't
    732           add an OHCI controller</para>
    733       </listitem>
    734       <listitem>
    735         <para>Mac OS X hosts: fixed a GUI crash if Spotlight is used from
    736           file dialogs (5.1.20 regression; bugs #16935, #16953)</para>
    737       </listitem>
    738 
    739       <listitem>
    740         <para>Linux hosts: fixed creating fixed sized VDI images
    741           (bug #17010)</para>
    742       </listitem>
    743 
    744       <listitem>
    745         <para>Linux hosts / guests: fixes for Linux 4.4 of openSUSE Leap 42.3
    746           (bug #16966)</para>
    747       </listitem>
    748 
    749       <listitem>
    750         <para>Bridged networking: align outgoing packet at word boundary,
    751           preventing Windows host crash in MsLbfoProvider</para>
    752       </listitem>
    753 
    754       <listitem>
    755         <para>Linux Additions: kernel drm driver support for custom EL7
    756           Linux 3.10 kernel</para>
    757       </listitem>
    758 
    759       <listitem>
    760         <para>Solaris Additions: hide an informational message on the bootup
    761           console</para>
    762       </listitem>
    763 
    764     </itemizedlist>
    765   </sect1>
    766 
    767   <sect1>
    768     <title>Version 5.1.26 (2017-07-27)</title>
    769 
    770     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    771       added:</para>
    772 
    773     <itemizedlist>
    774 
    775       <listitem>
    776         <para>VMM: reset the TSC on VM reset to work around a Windows bug
    777           (bug #16643)</para>
    778       </listitem>
    779 
    780       <listitem>
    781         <para>Audio: fixed memory leak when enabled with VRDP connections
    782           (5.1.24 regression; bug #16928)</para>
    783       </listitem>
    784 
    785       <listitem>
    786         <para>Audio: fixed creation of too many sound sinks on Linux hosts when
    787           using the PulseAudio backend (bug #16938)</para>
    788       </listitem>
    789 
    790       <listitem>
    791         <para>Audio: implemented record gain registers for AC'97 emulation;
    792           those are needed for newer Ubuntu guests which rely on those when controlling
    793           gain and muting the recording (capturing) levels</para>
    794       </listitem>
    795 
    796       <listitem>
    797         <para>Storage: fixed hang when using the emulated NVMe controller with the
    798           SPDK (bug #16945)</para>
    799       </listitem>
    800 
    801       <listitem>
    802         <para>Mouse: double click was not working with a precision touchpad
    803           (bug #14632)</para>
    804       </listitem>
    805 
    806       <listitem>
    807         <para>Linux hosts: properly bring up host-only network interfaces with
    808           <emphasis>iproute</emphasis> (5.1.24 regression; bug #16911)</para>
    809       </listitem>
    810 
    811       <listitem>
    812         <para>Linux hosts: provide Python 3 libraries for deb/rpm packages</para>
    813       </listitem>
    814 
    815       <listitem>
    816         <para>Windows hosts: make it possible to use host-only networking
    817           without having bridged networking installed</para>
    818       </listitem>
    819 
    820       <listitem>
    821         <para>Windows guests: fixed automatic logons for Vista and newer
    822           Windows guests (5.1.24 regression; bug #16921)</para>
    823       </listitem>
    824 
    825     </itemizedlist>
    826   </sect1>
    827 
    828   <sect1>
    829     <title>Version 5.1.24 (2017-07-18)</title>
    830 
    831     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    832       added:</para>
    833 
    834     <itemizedlist>
    835 
    836       <listitem>
    837         <para>VMM: mask the VME CPUID capability on AMD Ryzen processors
    838           for now to make certain guests works, for example Windows XP</para>
    839       </listitem>
    840 
    841       <listitem>
    842         <para>VMM: emulate more SSE2 instructions</para>
    843       </listitem>
    844 
    845       <listitem>
    846         <para>VMM: properly clear the <emphasis>TF</emphasis> and
    847           <emphasis>AC</emphasis> flags when dispatching real-mode
    848           interrupts</para>
    849       </listitem>
    850 
    851       <listitem>
    852         <para>GUI: fixes to make the mini-toolbar work with recent versions
    853           of KDE / Plasma (bug #16325)</para>
    854       </listitem>
    855 
    856       <listitem>
    857         <para>GUI: fixed a potential crash when a VM with multiple screens is
    858           running in full screen / seamless mode and a host screen is removed,
    859           for example when connecting to the host via RDP</para>
    860       </listitem>
    861 
    862       <listitem>
    863         <para>GUI: fixed initial size hints for guests which
    864           set intermediate sizes before responding (bug #16593)</para>
    865       </listitem>
    866 
    867       <listitem>
    868         <para>GUI: prevent stopped screen updates or black screen on reboot
    869           in a multi-screen setup under certain conditions</para>
    870       </listitem>
    871 
    872       <listitem>
    873         <para>Audio: many improvements for Windows 10 guests (bugs #15189,
    874           #15925, #16170, #16682, #16794 and others)</para>
    875       </listitem>
    876 
    877       <listitem>
    878         <para>Storage: fixed possible crash when using Intels SPDK</para>
    879       </listitem>
    880 
    881       <listitem>
    882         <para>API: use the correct file name of the VM machine state if the
    883           VM settings directory is renamed, for example during grouping /
    884           ungrouping a VM (bugs #16074 and #16745)</para>
    885       </listitem>
    886 
    887       <listitem>
    888         <para>API: return the correct error code if powering up a VM fails</para>
    889       </listitem>
    890 
    891       <listitem>
    892         <para>API: video recording did not automatically start at VM start
    893           when enabled in the VM settings (bug #16803)</para>
    894       </listitem>
    895 
    896       <listitem>
    897         <para>API: when relocating a medium, check that the target path is
    898           fully qualified</para>
    899       </listitem>
    900 
    901       <listitem>
    902         <para>EFI: fix for VMs with more than 3504MB RAM (bug #11103)</para>
    903       </listitem>
    904 
    905       <listitem>
    906         <para>Host-only adapter: correctly determine IPv4 netmasks on Windows
    907           hosts (bug #16826)</para>
    908       </listitem>
    909 
    910       <listitem>
    911         <para>NAT network: properly do the refcounting for starting / stopping
    912           the NAT / DHCP services if the NAT network is changed while the
    913           adapter network connection type is anything else but NAT network</para>
    914       </listitem>
    915 
    916       <listitem>
    917         <para>VBoxManage: fixed <emphasis>controlvm videocapfile</emphasis>
    918           (bug #16779)</para>
    919       </listitem>
    920 
    921       <listitem>
    922         <para>Windows hosts: another fix for Windows insider builds
    923           (bug #16892)</para>
    924       </listitem>
    925 
    926       <listitem>
    927         <para>Windows hosts: fixed crashes if driver verifier is enabled
    928           (bug #15741)</para>
    929       </listitem>
    930 
    931       <listitem>
    932         <para>Linux / Mac OS X hosts: more fixes for loading shared libraries
    933           (5.1.20 regression; bugs #16778, #16693)</para>
    934       </listitem>
    935 
    936       <listitem>
    937         <para>Linux hosts / guests: Linux 4.12 fixes (bugs #16725, #16800)</para>
    938       </listitem>
    939 
    940       <listitem>
    941         <para>Linux hosts / guests: reduce the kernel stack consumption for
    942           Linux kernels with <emphasis>CONFIG_CPUMASK_OFFSTACK</emphasis>
    943           defined</para>
    944       </listitem>
    945 
    946       <listitem>
    947         <para>Linux hosts / guests: fixes for kernel modules built with gcc-7
    948           (bug #16772)</para>
    949       </listitem>
    950 
    951       <listitem>
    952         <para>Linux hosts / guests: Linux 4.13 fix (bug #16887)</para>
    953       </listitem>
    954 
    955       <listitem>
    956         <para>Linux hosts: don't depend on <emphasis>net-tools</emphasis> on newer
    957           distributions as this package is deprecated in favour of
    958           <emphasis>iproute</emphasis> (bug #16764)</para>
    959       </listitem>
    960 
    961       <listitem>
    962         <para>Linux hosts: make 2D video acceleration available for older
    963           Linux distributions (5.1 regression; bug #16858)</para>
    964       </listitem>
    965 
    966       <listitem>
    967         <para>Linux Additions: fix for dynamic resizing with Oracle Linux 6
    968            with UEK4</para>
    969       </listitem>
    970 
    971       <listitem>
    972         <para>Linux Additions: make Fedora 25 and 26 Alpha work when 3D
    973            pass-through is enabled</para>
    974       </listitem>
    975 
    976       <listitem>
    977         <para>Linux Additions: no longer recommend removing distribution-
    978            installed Additions if they are updated to our guidelines</para>
    979       </listitem>
    980 
    981     </itemizedlist>
    982   </sect1>
    983 
    984   <sect1>
    985     <title>Version 5.1.22 (2017-04-28)</title>
    986 
    987     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    988       added:</para>
    989 
    990     <itemizedlist>
    991 
    992       <listitem>
    993         <para>VMM: fixed <emphasis>VERR_IEM_INSTR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED</emphasis>
    994           Guru Meditation under certain conditions (5.1 regression;
    995           mostly Mac OS X hosts; bugs #15693, #15801, #16274, #16569, #16663)</para>
    996       </listitem>
    997 
    998       <listitem>
    999         <para>VMM: fixed software virtualization on Solaris hosts
    1000           (5.1.20 regression)</para>
    1001       </listitem>
    1002 
    1003       <listitem>
    1004         <para>Storage: fixed a potential hang under rare circumstances
    1005           (bug #16677)</para>
    1006       </listitem>
    1007 
    1008       <listitem>
    1009         <para>Storage: fixed a potential crash under rare circumstances
    1010           (asynchronous I/O disabled or during maintenance file operations
    1011           like merging snapshots)</para>
    1012       </listitem>
    1013 
    1014       <listitem>
    1015         <para>Linux hosts: make the ALSA backend work again as well as
    1016           loading the GL libraries on certain hosts (5.1.20 regression;
    1017           bugs #16667, #16693)</para>
    1018       </listitem>
    1019 
    1020       <listitem>
    1021         <para>Linux Additions: fixed mount.vboxsf symlink problem (5.1.20
    1022           regression; bug #16670)</para>
    1023       </listitem>
    1024 
    1025     </itemizedlist>
    1026   </sect1>
    1027 
    1028   <sect1>
    1029     <title>Version 5.1.20 (2017-04-18)</title>
    1030 
    1031     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    1032       added:</para>
    1033 
    1034     <itemizedlist>
    1035 
    1036       <listitem>
    1037         <para>GUI: don't check if the Extension Pack is up-to-date if the user
    1038           is about to install a new Extension Pack (bug #16317)</para>
    1039       </listitem>
    1040 
    1041       <listitem>
    1042         <para>GUI: fixed a possible crash when switching a multi-monitor VM
    1043           into full-screen or seamless mode</para>
    1044       </listitem>
    1045 
    1046       <listitem>
    1047         <para>GUI: fixed non-literal shortcuts if the keyboard is not captured
    1048           (5.1.10 regression; Windows hosts only)</para>
    1049       </listitem>
    1050 
    1051       <listitem>
    1052         <para>GUI: several mini-toolbar fixes in full-screen / seamless mode
    1053           (X11 hosts only)</para>
    1054       </listitem>
    1055 
    1056       <listitem>
    1057         <para>GUI: don't crash on restoring defaults in the
    1058           <emphasis>appliance import</emphasis> dialog</para>
    1059       </listitem>
    1060 
    1061       <listitem>
    1062         <para>Windows Additions: another fix for automatic logins for Windows
    1063           Vista and newer (bug #15904)</para>
    1064       </listitem>
    1065 
    1066       <listitem>
    1067         <para>ICH9: fix for Windows guests with a huge amount (>64G) of guest
    1068           memory</para>
    1069       </listitem>
    1070 
    1071       <listitem>
    1072         <para>BIOS: fixed El Torito hard disk emulation geometry calculation
    1073           (thanks Dwight Engen)</para>
    1074       </listitem>
    1075 
    1076     </itemizedlist>
    1077   </sect1>
    1078 
    1079   <sect1>
    1080     <title>Version 5.1.18 (2017-03-15)</title>
    1081 
    1082     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    1083       added:</para>
    1084 
    1085     <itemizedlist>
    1086 
    1087       <listitem>
    1088         <para>Shared Folders: fixed case insensitive filename access
    1089           (5.1.16 regression; Windows guests only; bug #16549)</para>
    1090       </listitem>
    1091 
    1092       <listitem>
    1093         <para>Shared Folders: fixed access to long pathes
    1094           (5.1.16 regression; Windows guests only; bugs #14651, #16564)</para>
    1095       </listitem>
    1096 
    1097       <listitem>
    1098         <para>API: fixed snapshot handling of medium attachments and PCI device
    1099           attachments (bug #16545)</para>
    1100       </listitem>
    1101 
    1102       <listitem>
    1103         <para>API: make 32-bit Windows guests boot again with software
    1104           virtualization if the ICH9 chipset is used (5.1.16 regression)</para>
    1105       </listitem>
    1106 
    1107       <listitem>
    1108         <para>VBoxBugReport: fixed VM log collection issue</para>
    1109       </listitem>
    1110 
    1111       <listitem>
    1112         <para>Linux hosts: fixed autostart service script (bug #14955)</para>
    1113       </listitem>
    1114 
    1115       <listitem>
    1116         <para>Windows Additions: fixed automatic logins for Windows Vista and
    1117           newer (5.1.4 regression; bug #15904)</para>
    1118       </listitem>
    1119 
    1120     </itemizedlist>
    1121   </sect1>
    1122 
    1123   <sect1>
    1124     <title>Version 5.1.16 (2017-03-08)</title>
    1125 
    1126     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    1127       added:</para>
    1128 
    1129     <itemizedlist>
    1130 
    1131       <listitem>
    1132         <para>VMM: don't access the <emphasis>MSR_IA32_SMM_MONITOR_CTL</emphasis>
    1133           MSR if <emphasis>dual-monitor treatment</emphasis> is not available
    1134           (KVM workaround, bug #14965)</para>
    1135       </listitem>
    1136 
    1137       <listitem>
    1138         <para>VMM: another fix for handling certain MSRs on ancient CPUs
    1139           without VT-x support for MSR bitmaps</para>
    1140       </listitem>
    1141 
    1142       <listitem>
    1143         <para>VMM: fixed <emphasis>VERR_SSM_LOAD_CPUID_MISMATCH</emphasis>
    1144           errors when restoring a saved state with SMP guests on hosts without
    1145           the <emphasis>CPUID/HTT</emphasis> bit set (bug #16428)</para>
    1146       </listitem>
    1147 
    1148       <listitem>
    1149         <para>VMM: fixed a bug in call gate emulation</para>
    1150       </listitem>
    1151 
    1152       <listitem>
    1153         <para>VMM: <emphasis>FWAIT</emphasis> instruction fix</para>
    1154       </listitem>
    1155 
    1156       <listitem>
    1157         <para>VMM: fixed a sporadic guest hang under certain conditions</para>
    1158       </listitem>
    1159 
    1160       <listitem>
    1161         <para>GUI: hide the mini-toolbar from the taskbar and the pager on
    1162           certain X11 hosts</para>
    1163       </listitem>
    1164 
    1165       <listitem>
    1166         <para>GUI: better error handling on the global settings / network /
    1167           host-only / DHCP server settings</para>
    1168       </listitem>
    1169 
    1170       <listitem>
    1171         <para>GUI: fixes for full-screen with multiple screens</para>
    1172       </listitem>
    1173 
    1174       <listitem>
    1175         <para>Host-only Network: fixed host-only adapter creation issue preventing
    1176           VirtualBox installation on Windows 10 hosts (bug #16379)</para>
    1177       </listitem>
    1178 
    1179       <listitem>
    1180         <para>NAT network: fixed two potential crashes in the DHCP server</para>
    1181       </listitem>
    1182 
    1183       <listitem>
    1184         <para>ICH9: fixed incorrect initialization of the primary bus for PCI
    1185           bridges (5.1.14 regression)</para>
    1186       </listitem>
    1187 
    1188       <listitem>
    1189         <para>Storage: LsiLogic fix for Windows 10</para>
    1190       </listitem>
    1191 
    1192       <listitem>
    1193         <para>USB: fixed not being able to attach certain USB devices having
    1194           invalid characters in the device strings (5.0.18 regression; bug #15956)</para>
    1195       </listitem>
    1196 
    1197       <listitem>
    1198         <para>USB: several fixes for the USB/IP support (bug #16462)</para>
    1199       </listitem>
    1200 
    1201       <listitem>
    1202         <para>VBoxSVC: fixed another crash during shutdown under rare
    1203           circumstances</para>
    1204       </listitem>
    1205 
    1206       <listitem>
    1207         <para>VBoxSVC: fixed a stack overflow on (Windows debug builds
    1208           only; bug #16409)</para>
    1209       </listitem>
    1210 
    1211       <listitem>
    1212         <para>OVF: when importing an appliance handle more than 10 network
    1213           adapters if the OVA was created by VirtualBox (bug #16401)</para>
    1214       </listitem>
    1215 
    1216       <listitem>
    1217         <para>OVF: fixes for exporting and importing appliances with many
    1218           disks (bug #16402)</para>
    1219       </listitem>
    1220 
    1221       <listitem>
    1222         <para>VBoxManage: fixed regression with <emphasis>modifyhd
    1223           --resize</emphasis> (bug #16311)</para>
    1224       </listitem>
    1225 
    1226       <listitem>
    1227         <para>rdesktop-vrdp: source code tarball fixes</para>
    1228       </listitem>
    1229 
    1230       <listitem>
    1231         <para>Linux Installers: do not rebuild kernel modules unnecessarily
    1232           (bug #16408)</para>
    1233       </listitem>
    1234 
    1235       <listitem>
    1236         <para>Linux hosts: added an action for opening the VM manager
    1237           window to the .desktop file</para>
    1238       </listitem>
    1239 
    1240       <listitem>
    1241         <para>Linux hosts / guests: Linux 4.11 compile fixes (bug #16506)</para>
    1242       </listitem>
    1243 
    1244       <listitem>
    1245         <para>Linux Additions: added <emphasis>vboxsf</emphasis> FS modules
    1246           alias (bug #16404)</para>
    1247       </listitem>
    1248 
    1249       <listitem>
    1250         <para>Linux Additions: fix for the shared folders kernel module to
    1251           compile on Linux 4.10</para>
    1252       </listitem>
    1253 
    1254       <listitem>
    1255         <para>Linux Additions: properly install the Linux kernel module
    1256           override rule on distributions without /etc/depmod.d</para>
    1257       </listitem>
    1258 
    1259       <listitem>
    1260         <para>Windows Additions: fixed a crash with recent Windows 10 builds
    1261           if 3D is disabled (bug #15973)</para>
    1262       </listitem>
    1263 
    1264     </itemizedlist>
    1265   </sect1>
    1266 
    1267   <sect1>
    1268     <title>Version 5.1.14 (2017-01-16)</title>
    1269 
    1270     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    1271       added:</para>
    1272 
    1273     <itemizedlist>
    1274 
    1275       <listitem>
    1276         <para>VMM: fixed emulation of certain instructions for 64-bit guests
    1277           on 32-bit hosts</para>
    1278       </listitem>
    1279 
    1280       <listitem>
    1281         <para>VMM: properly handle certain MSRs for 64-bit guests on ancient
    1282           CPUs without VT-x support for MSR bitmaps (bug #13886)</para>
    1283       </listitem>
    1284 
    1285       <listitem>
    1286         <para>GUI: fixed a crash with multimonitor setups under certain
    1287           conditions</para>
    1288       </listitem>
    1289 
    1290       <listitem>
    1291         <para>GUI: allow cloning of snapshots when the VM is running</para>
    1292       </listitem>
    1293 
    1294       <listitem>
    1295         <para>NVMe: fixed compatibility with the Storage Performance Development
    1296           Kit (SPDK, bug #16368)</para>
    1297       </listitem>
    1298 
    1299       <listitem>
    1300         <para>VBoxSVC: fixed a crash under rare circumstances</para>
    1301       </listitem>
    1302 
    1303       <listitem>
    1304         <para>VBoxManage: added a sanity check to
    1305           <emphasis>modifymedium --resize</emphasis> to prevent users from
    1306           resizing their hard disk from 1GB to 1PB (bug #16311)</para>
    1307       </listitem>
    1308 
    1309       <listitem>
    1310         <para>Windows hosts: another fix for recent Windows 10 hosts</para>
    1311       </listitem>
    1312 
    1313       <listitem>
    1314         <para>Linux hosts: Linux 4.10 fixes</para>
    1315       </listitem>
    1316 
    1317       <listitem>
    1318         <para>Linux Additions: fixed protocol error during certain operations on
    1319           shared folders (bug #8463)</para>
    1320       </listitem>
    1321 
    1322     </itemizedlist>
    1323   </sect1>
    1324 
    1325   <sect1>
    1326     <title>Version 5.1.12 (2016-12-20)</title>
    1327 
    1328     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    1329       added:</para>
    1330 
    1331     <itemizedlist>
    1332 
    1333       <listitem>
    1334         <para>VMM: fixed <emphasis>VERR_IEM_ASPECT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED</emphasis>
    1335           Guru Meditations with certain Linux guests if KVM paravirtualization
    1336           is enabled (5.1 regression; bugs #15613 and #16251)</para>
    1337       </listitem>
    1338 
    1339       <listitem>
    1340         <para>VMM: fixed <emphasis>VERR_VMX_UNABLE_TO_START_VM</emphasis>
    1341           Guru Meditations under rare conditions</para>
    1342       </listitem>
    1343 
    1344       <listitem>
    1345         <para>GUI: prevent a crash under certain conditions if the VM is
    1346           terminated very early</para>
    1347       </listitem>
    1348 
    1349       <listitem>
    1350         <para>GUI: fixed certain keyboard capture issues (5.1.10 regression;
    1351           Mac OS X hosts only; bug #16150)</para>
    1352       </listitem>
    1353 
    1354       <listitem>
    1355         <para>GUI: fixed dragging guest windows in seamless mode with the
    1356            keyboard captured (X11 hosts only; bug #15837)</para>
    1357       </listitem>
    1358 
    1359       <listitem>
    1360         <para>GUI: fixed a problem where the <emphasis>new version detected</emphasis>
    1361           dialog was covered by the <emphasis>appliance import</emphasis> dialog
    1362           (Mac OS X hosts only; bug #16238)</para>
    1363       </listitem>
    1364 
    1365       <listitem>
    1366         <para>Storage: fixed NVMe reset processing when doing
    1367           <emphasis>rmmod nvme; modprobe nvme</emphasis> in a Linux guest
    1368           (bug #16080)</para>
    1369       </listitem>
    1370 
    1371       <listitem>
    1372         <para>Storage: fixed creating a snapshot when the VM is running
    1373           and an NVMe controller is present</para>
    1374       </listitem>
    1375 
    1376       <listitem>
    1377         <para>Storage: fixed a problem with the LsiLogic SCSI controller where
    1378           requests could be lost with SMP guests</para>
    1379       </listitem>
    1380 
    1381       <listitem>
    1382         <para>E1000: fixed "cable disconnected" issue (Mac OS X guests only;
    1383           5.1.10 regression; bug #16260)</para>
    1384       </listitem>
    1385 
    1386       <listitem>
    1387         <para>E1000: fixed "TX unit hang" issue (Linux guests only;
    1388           5.1.10 regression; bug #16221)</para>
    1389       </listitem>
    1390 
    1391       <listitem>
    1392         <para>Parallel ports: fixed port enumeration on Windows host (bugs
    1393           #15872 and #16127)</para>
    1394       </listitem>
    1395 
    1396       <listitem>
    1397         <para>API: don't crash when sanitizing certain VM names
    1398           (bug #16299)</para>
    1399       </listitem>
    1400 
    1401       <listitem>
    1402         <para>Linux hosts: automatically disable asynchronous I/O on Linux 2.6.18
    1403           kernels as high I/O load may trigger kernel oopses on these kernels if
    1404           this feature is enabled</para>
    1405       </listitem>
    1406 
    1407       <listitem>
    1408         <para>Linux hosts / guests: Linux 2.6.28 compile fix (bug #16267)</para>
    1409       </listitem>
    1410 
    1411       <listitem>
    1412         <para>Linux hosts: compile Linux 4.9 compile fix (bug #16286)</para>
    1413       </listitem>
    1414 
    1415       <listitem>
    1416         <para>Linux Additions: warn the user about a known bug with older
    1417           Linux guests (e.g. Debian 7) requiring manual work to get 3D
    1418           working (bug #15319)</para>
    1419       </listitem>
    1420 
    1421       <listitem>
    1422         <para>Linux Additions: fix the graphics driver build with Linux
    1423            4.10 and later (bug #16298)</para>
    1424       </listitem>
    1425 
    1426       <listitem>
    1427         <para>Windows Additions: fixed a crash in the WDDM driver under
    1428           certain conditions</para>
    1429       </listitem>
    1430 
    1431     </itemizedlist>
    1432   </sect1>
    1433 
    1434   <sect1>
    1435     <title>Version 5.1.10 (2016-11-21)</title>
    1436 
    1437     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    1438       added:</para>
    1439 
    1440     <itemizedlist>
    1441 
    1442       <listitem>
    1443         <para>GUI: the USB filter settings dialog should allow to specify the
    1444           USB revision in hexadecimal format (bug #15400)</para>
    1445       </listitem>
    1446 
    1447       <listitem>
    1448         <para>GUI: fixed crash on certain hosts when pressing certain key
    1449           combinations (Windows hosts only; bug #15719)</para>
    1450       </listitem>
    1451 
    1452       <listitem>
    1453         <para>GUI: fixed issue with updating the available-geometry on
    1454           host-screen work-area resize</para>
    1455       </listitem>
    1456 
    1457       <listitem>
    1458         <para>GUI: don't crash / hang on certain environments if accessibility
    1459           support is enabled</para>
    1460       </listitem>
    1461 
    1462       <listitem>
    1463         <para>GUI: fixed various issues in Unscaled HiDPI Output mode
    1464           (bug #15707)</para>
    1465       </listitem>
    1466 
    1467       <listitem>
    1468         <para>GUI: extend the VM Input menu with
    1469           <emphasis>Print Screen</emphasis>-related actions</para>
    1470       </listitem>
    1471 
    1472       <listitem>
    1473         <para>GUI: improved handling of inserting the Guest Additions ISO image
    1474           by trying all available optical drives rather than only the first one
    1475           and by not asking the user if he wants to force unmounting (which
    1476           doesn't work in most cases anyway)</para>
    1477       </listitem>
    1478 
    1479       <listitem>
    1480         <para>API: default to RTC using UTC for Solaris 11 guests</para>
    1481       </listitem>
    1482 
    1483       <listitem>
    1484         <para>Settings: be less restrictive when reading a VM configuration
    1485           containing a host-only adapter without an interface name</para>
    1486       </listitem>
    1487 
    1488       <listitem>
    1489         <para>Storage: fixed resizing VDI images resulting in an
    1490           unbootable image under certain circumstances (bug #15983)</para>
    1491       </listitem>
    1492 
    1493       <listitem>
    1494         <para>NAT: fixed several 5.1.8 regressions on Mac OS X and Windows
    1495           hosts (bug #16084)</para>
    1496       </listitem>
    1497 
    1498       <listitem>
    1499         <para>Audio: fixed a few 5.1.x regressions by using the audio code
    1500           from 5.0.x until the audio overhaul is completed</para>
    1501       </listitem>
    1502 
    1503       <listitem>
    1504         <para>VBoxManage: fixed documentation of the
    1505           <emphasis>storagectl</emphasis> command (bug #15971)</para>
    1506       </listitem>
    1507 
    1508       <listitem>
    1509         <para>Build system: another fix for building VirtualBox on systems
    1510           which default to Python 3</para>
    1511       </listitem>
    1512 
    1513       <listitem>
    1514         <para>Windows hosts: hardening fix for Windows 10 build 14971 (bug #16202)</para>
    1515       </listitem>
    1516 
    1517       <listitem>
    1518         <para>Windows Additions: properly start the VirtualBox guest services even
    1519           if the guest user name contains special characters (bug #15982)</para>
    1520       </listitem>
    1521 
    1522       <listitem>
    1523         <para>Solaris Additions: fixed preemptible mouse notification callback being
    1524           executed under a spinlock for Solaris guests</para>
    1525       </listitem>
    1526 
    1527       <listitem>
    1528         <para>Linux hosts / guests: Linux 4.9 fixes (bugs #16155 and #16064)</para>
    1529       </listitem>
    1530 
    1531       <listitem>
    1532         <para>Linux Additions: fixed Linux kernel module override rule
    1533           (thanks Mark Furneaux)</para>
    1534       </listitem>
    1535 
    1536     </itemizedlist>
    1537   </sect1>
    1538 
    1539   <sect1>
    1540     <title>Version 5.1.8 (2016-10-18)</title>
    1541 
    1542     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    1543       added:</para>
    1544 
    1545     <itemizedlist>
    1546 
    1547       <listitem>
    1548         <para>GUI: fixed keyboard shortcut handling regressions (Mac OS X hosts
    1549           only; bugs #15937 and #15938)</para>
    1550       </listitem>
    1551 
    1552       <listitem>
    1553         <para>GUI: fixed keyboard handling regression for separate UI (Windows
    1554           hosts only; bugs #15928)</para>
    1555       </listitem>
    1556 
    1557       <listitem>
    1558         <para>NAT: don't exceed the maximum number of "search" suffixes.
    1559           Patch from bug #15948</para>
    1560       </listitem>
    1561 
    1562       <listitem>
    1563         <para>NAT: fixed parsing of port-forwarding rules with a name which
    1564           contains a slash (bug #16002)</para>
    1565       </listitem>
    1566 
    1567       <listitem>
    1568         <para>NAT Network: when the host has only loopback nameserver
    1569           that cannot be mapped to the guests (e.g. dnsmasq running on
    1570           127.0.1.1), make DHCP supply NAT Network DNS proxy as
    1571           nameserver</para>
    1572       </listitem>
    1573 
    1574       <listitem>
    1575         <para>Bridged Network: prevent flooding syslog with packet allocation
    1576           error messages (bug #15569)</para>
    1577       </listitem>
    1578 
    1579       <listitem>
    1580         <para>Audio: now using Audio Queues on Mac OS X hosts</para>
    1581       </listitem>
    1582 
    1583       <listitem>
    1584         <para>Audio: fixed recording with the PulseAudio backend (5.1 regression)</para>
    1585       </listitem>
    1586 
    1587       <listitem>
    1588         <para>Audio: various bugfixes</para>
    1589       </listitem>
    1590 
    1591       <listitem>
    1592         <para>Snapshots: fixed regression in 5.1.4 for deleting snapshots with
    1593           several disks (bug #15831)</para>
    1594       </listitem>
    1595 
    1596       <listitem>
    1597         <para>Snapshots: crash fix and better error reporting when snapshot
    1598           deletion failed</para>
    1599       </listitem>
    1600 
    1601       <listitem>
    1602         <para>Storage: some fixes for the NVMe emulation with Windows guests</para>
    1603       </listitem>
    1604 
    1605       <listitem>
    1606         <para>API: fixed initialization of SAS controllers (bug #15972)</para>
    1607       </listitem>
    1608 
    1609       <listitem>
    1610         <para>Build system: make it possible to build VBox on systems which
    1611           default to Python 3</para>
    1612       </listitem>
    1613 
    1614       <listitem>
    1615         <para>Windows hosts: detect certain cases of
    1616           <emphasis>REGDB_E_CLASSNOTREG</emphasis> errors and print a helpful
    1617           error message</para>
    1618       </listitem>
    1619 
    1620       <listitem>
    1621         <para>Windows hosts: adapted to changes in Windows 10 build 14901
    1622           (bug #15944)</para>
    1623       </listitem>
    1624 
    1625       <listitem>
    1626         <para>Windows hosts: better support for processor groups on Windows 7
    1627           and later which is required on certain hosts with many CPUs</para>
    1628       </listitem>
    1629 
    1630       <listitem>
    1631         <para>Windows installer / Additions: added option to prevent creating
    1632           of start menu items (bug #15922)</para>
    1633       </listitem>
    1634 
    1635       <listitem>
    1636         <para>Windows Additions / VGA: if the guest's power management turns
    1637           a virtual screen off, blank the corresponding VM window rather than
    1638           hide the window</para>
    1639       </listitem>
    1640 
    1641       <listitem>
    1642         <para>Windows Additions: fixed a generic bug which could lead to
    1643           freezing shared folders (bug #15662)</para>
    1644       </listitem>
    1645 
    1646       <listitem>
    1647         <para>Linux hosts / guests: fix for kernels with
    1648           <emphasis>CONFIG_CPUMASK_OFFSTACK</emphasis> set (bug #16020)</para>
    1649       </listitem>
    1650 
    1651       <listitem>
    1652         <para>Linux Additions: don't require all virtual consoles be in text
    1653           mode. This should fix cases when the guest is booted with a graphical
    1654           boot screen (bug #15683)</para>
    1655       </listitem>
    1656 
    1657       <listitem>
    1658         <para>Linux Additions: added depmod overrides for the vboxguest and vboxsf
    1659           kernel modules to fix conflicts with modules shipped by certain Linux
    1660           distributions</para>
    1661       </listitem>
    1662 
    1663       <listitem>
    1664         <para>X11 Additions: disable 3D on the guest if the host does not
    1665            provide enough capabilities (bug #15860)</para>
    1666       </listitem>
    1667 
    1668     </itemizedlist>
    1669   </sect1>
    1670 
    1671   <sect1>
    1672     <title>Version 5.1.6 (2016-09-12)</title>
    1673 
    1674     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    1675       added:</para>
    1676 
    1677     <itemizedlist>
    1678 
    1679       <listitem>
    1680         <para>GUI: fixed issue with opening '.vbox' files and it's aliases</para>
    1681       </listitem>
    1682 
    1683       <listitem>
    1684         <para>GUI: keyboard grabbing fixes (bugs #15771 and #15745)</para>
    1685       </listitem>
    1686 
    1687       <listitem>
    1688         <para>GUI: fix for passing through Ctrl + mouse-click (Mac OS X hosts only;
    1689           bug #15714)</para>
    1690       </listitem>
    1691 
    1692       <listitem>
    1693         <para>GUI: fixed automatic deletion of extension pack files (bugs #11352
    1694           and #14742)</para>
    1695       </listitem>
    1696 
    1697       <listitem>
    1698         <para>USB: fixed showing unknown device instead of the manufacturer or
    1699           product description under certain circumstances (5.1.0 regression;
    1700           bug #15764)</para>
    1701       </listitem>
    1702 
    1703       <listitem>
    1704         <para>XHCI: another fix for a hanging guest under certain conditions
    1705           as result of the fix for bug #15747, this time for Windows 7 guests</para>
    1706       </listitem>
    1707 
    1708       <listitem>
    1709         <para>Serial: fixed high CPU usage with certain USB to serial converters
    1710           on Linux hosts (bug #7796)</para>
    1711       </listitem>
    1712 
    1713       <listitem>
    1714         <para>Storage: fixed attaching stream optimized VMDK images (bug #14764)</para>
    1715       </listitem>
    1716 
    1717       <listitem>
    1718         <para>Storage: reject image variants which are unsupported by the
    1719           backend (bug #7227)</para>
    1720       </listitem>
    1721 
    1722       <listitem>
    1723         <para>Storage: fixed loading saved states created with VirtualBox 5.0.10
    1724           and older when using a SCSI controller (bug #15865)</para>
    1725       </listitem>
    1726 
    1727       <listitem>
    1728         <para>Storage: fixed broken NVMe emulation if the host I/O cache setting
    1729           is enabled</para>
    1730       </listitem>
    1731 
    1732       <listitem>
    1733         <para>Storage: fixed using multiple NVMe controllers if ICH9 is used</para>
    1734       </listitem>
    1735 
    1736       <listitem>
    1737         <para>NVMe: fixed a crash during reset which could happen under certain
    1738           circumstances</para>
    1739       </listitem>
    1740 
    1741       <listitem>
    1742         <para>Audio: fixed microphone input (5.1.2 regression; bugs #14386 and
    1743           #15802)</para>
    1744       </listitem>
    1745 
    1746       <listitem>
    1747         <para>Audio: fixed crashes under certain conditions (5.1.0
    1748           regression; bug #15887 and others)</para>
    1749       </listitem>
    1750 
    1751       <listitem>
    1752         <para>Audio: fixed recording with the ALSA backend (5.1 regression)</para>
    1753       </listitem>
    1754 
    1755       <listitem>
    1756         <para>Audio: fixed stream access mode with OSS backend (5.1 regression,
    1757           thanks to Jung-uk Kim)</para>
    1758       </listitem>
    1759 
    1760       <listitem>
    1761         <para>E1000: do also return masked bits when reading the ICR register,
    1762           this fixes booting from iPXE (5.1.2 regression; bug #15846)</para>
    1763       </listitem>
    1764 
    1765       <listitem>
    1766         <para>BIOS: fixed 4bpp scanline calculation (bug #15787)</para>
    1767       </listitem>
    1768 
    1769       <listitem>
    1770         <para>API: relax the check for the version attribute in OVF/OVA
    1771           appliances (bug #15856)</para>
    1772       </listitem>
    1773 
    1774       <listitem>
    1775         <para>Windows hosts: fixed crashes when terminating the VM selector
    1776           or other VBox COM clients (bug #15726 and others)</para>
    1777       </listitem>
    1778 
    1779       <listitem>
    1780         <para>Linux Installer: fixed path to the documentation in .rpm
    1781           packages (5.1.0 regression)</para>
    1782       </listitem>
    1783 
    1784       <listitem>
    1785         <para>Linux Installer: fixed the vboxdrv.sh script to prevent an
    1786           SELinux complaint (bug #15816)</para>
    1787       </listitem>
    1788 
    1789       <listitem>
    1790         <para>Linux hosts: don't use 32-bit legacy capabilities</para>
    1791       </listitem>
    1792 
    1793       <listitem>
    1794         <para>Linux Additions: Linux 4.8 fix for the kernel display driver
    1795           (bugs #15890 and #15896)</para>
    1796       </listitem>
    1797 
    1798       <listitem>
    1799         <para>Linux Additions: don't load the kernel modules provided by the
    1800           Linux distribution but load the kernel modules from the official Guest
    1801           Additions package instead (bug #15324)</para>
    1802       </listitem>
    1803 
    1804       <listitem>
    1805         <para>Linux Additions: fix dynamic resizing problems in recent
    1806            Linux guests (bug #15875)</para>
    1807       </listitem>
    1808 
    1809       <listitem>
    1810         <para>User Manual: fixed error in the VBoxManage chapter for the
    1811           <emphasis>getextradata enumerate</emphasis> example (bug #15862)</para>
    1812       </listitem>
    1813 
    1814     </itemizedlist>
    1815   </sect1>
    1816 
    1817   <sect1>
    1818     <title>Version 5.1.4 (2016-08-16)</title>
    1819 
    1820     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    1821       added:</para>
    1822 
    1823     <itemizedlist>
    1824 
    1825       <listitem>
    1826         <para>GUI: show actual VM uptime in the session information window</para>
    1827       </listitem>
    1828 
    1829       <listitem>
    1830         <para>Audio: re-enabled speakers for Mac OS X guests (5.1.0 regression;
    1831           bug #15611)</para>
    1832       </listitem>
    1833 
    1834       <listitem>
    1835         <para>Audio: fixed crashes under certain conditions</para>
    1836       </listitem>
    1837 
    1838       <listitem>
    1839         <para>USB: fixed a hang under certain conditions</para>
    1840       </listitem>
    1841 
    1842       <listitem>
    1843         <para>USB: fixed a hanging guest under certain conditions (bug #15747)</para>
    1844       </listitem>
    1845 
    1846       <listitem>
    1847         <para>PIIX4: implemented dummy SMBus controller to prevent annoying
    1848           Linux kernel warnings about uninitialized SMBus base address
    1849           (bug #9517)</para>
    1850       </listitem>
    1851 
    1852       <listitem>
    1853         <para>NVMe: several fixes to improve stability, fixed a crash while
    1854           saving a VM state</para>
    1855       </listitem>
    1856 
    1857       <listitem>
    1858         <para>VMDK: fixed an issue creating fixed size images with certain
    1859           sizes and the Split2G option enabled (bug #15748)</para>
    1860       </listitem>
    1861 
    1862       <listitem>
    1863         <para>VHDX: fixed cloning images with VBoxManage clonehd
    1864           (bug #14288)</para>
    1865       </listitem>
    1866 
    1867       <listitem>
    1868         <para>Storage: fixed broken bandwidth limitation when the limit is very
    1869           low (bug #14982)</para>
    1870       </listitem>
    1871 
    1872       <listitem>
    1873         <para>EFI: fixed sending debug messages in the EFI firmware if a serial
    1874           port is enabled (bug #12161)</para>
    1875       </listitem>
    1876 
    1877       <listitem>
    1878         <para>OVF: when importing appliances, make sure that the version of the
    1879           embedded VirtualBox specific settings is processed, to get the
    1880           default settings handling right</para>
    1881       </listitem>
    1882 
    1883       <listitem>
    1884         <para>VBoxManage: Don't try to set the medium type if there is no change
    1885           (bug #13850)</para>
    1886       </listitem>
    1887 
    1888       <listitem>
    1889         <para>Linux installer: fixed some scripting issues (bugs #15701
    1890           and #15702)</para>
    1891       </listitem>
    1892 
    1893       <listitem>
    1894         <para>Linux installer: fixed a path issue on certain Linux
    1895           distributions (bug #15717)</para>
    1896       </listitem>
    1897 
    1898       <listitem>
    1899         <para>Windows hosts: fixed corrupted mouse pointers with some Linux
    1900           and Solaris guests (bug #15665)</para>
    1901       </listitem>
    1902 
    1903       <listitem>
    1904         <para>Linux Additions: made the video driver work on 32-bit guests
    1905            with large video memory sizes (bug #15621)</para>
    1906       </listitem>
    1907 
    1908       <listitem>
    1909         <para>Linux Additions: made the video driver work on kernel 4.7 and
    1910            later (bug #15769)</para>
    1911       </listitem>
    1912 
    1913       <listitem>
    1914         <para>Linux Additions: converted a failure message to an informational
    1915            one when drivers could not be stopped during upgrade (bug
    1916            #15692)</para>
    1917        </listitem>
    1918 
    1919       <listitem>
    1920         <para>Linux Additions: made the video driver work around an X server
    1921            bug which cause screen refresh to stop (bug #15511)</para>
    1922       </listitem>
    1923 
    1924        <listitem>
    1925         <para>Windows Additions: auto-resizing fixes for Windows 10 guests
    1926           (bug #15257)</para>
    1927       </listitem>
    1928 
    1929       <listitem>
    1930         <para>Windows Additions: fixed VBoxTray problems with Windows 2000
    1931           (bug #15661)</para>
    1932       </listitem>
    1933 
    1934     </itemizedlist>
    1935   </sect1>
    1936 
    1937   <sect1>
    1938     <title>Version 5.1.2 (2016-07-21)</title>
    1939 
    1940     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    1941       added:</para>
    1942 
    1943     <itemizedlist>
    1944 
    1945       <listitem>
    1946         <para>VMM: several fixes</para>
    1947       </listitem>
    1948 
    1949       <listitem>
    1950         <para>GUI: fixed screenshot if the VM is started in separate mode</para>
    1951       </listitem>
    1952 
    1953       <listitem>
    1954         <para>GUI: fixed issue with double-click/opening registered file types
    1955           (.vbox and .vbox-extpack) on Mac OS X (bug #15648)</para>
    1956       </listitem>
    1957 
    1958       <listitem>
    1959         <para>GUI: fixed a bug which made it impossible close some error/warning
    1960           messages using the close button</para>
    1961       </listitem>
    1962 
    1963       <listitem>
    1964         <para>GUI: weakened the control over the VM window behavior allowing to resize
    1965           it across multiple screens and to use in Snap Assist techniques</para>
    1966       </listitem>
    1967 
    1968       <listitem>
    1969         <para>GUI: jump to the second tab of the session information window
    1970           (5.1.0 regression)</para>
    1971       </listitem>
    1972 
    1973       <listitem>
    1974         <para>GUI: fix for Alt-Tab</para>
    1975       </listitem>
    1976 
    1977       <listitem>
    1978         <para>Storage: fixed creating fixed size VHD images (bug #15601)</para>
    1979       </listitem>
    1980 
    1981       <listitem>
    1982         <para>Storage: fixed a hang during power off if the VM was suspended
    1983           before and a NVMe controller is configured</para>
    1984       </listitem>
    1985 
    1986       <listitem>
    1987         <para>USB: fixed a crash under certain conditions</para>
    1988       </listitem>
    1989 
    1990       <listitem>
    1991         <para>Audio: make AC'97 volume control work again (5.1.0 regression;
    1992           bug #15598)</para>
    1993       </listitem>
    1994 
    1995       <listitem>
    1996         <para>Audio: fixed rare VM hangs when using AC'97 emulation</para>
    1997       </listitem>
    1998 
    1999       <listitem>
    2000         <para>Audio: SB16 fixes</para>
    2001       </listitem>
    2002 
    2003       <listitem>
    2004         <para>EFI: fixed access to devices attached to SATA port 2 and
    2005           higher (bug #15607)</para>
    2006       </listitem>
    2007 
    2008       <listitem>
    2009         <para>OVA: fix for checking certain signatures</para>
    2010       </listitem>
    2011 
    2012       <listitem>
    2013         <para>OVA: fixed MAC address generation for appliances created by
    2014           VirtualBox (5.1.0 regression; bug #15623)</para>
    2015       </listitem>
    2016 
    2017       <listitem>
    2018         <para>API: fixed audio settings handling for older config files
    2019           (bug #15626)</para>
    2020       </listitem>
    2021 
    2022       <listitem>
    2023         <para>API: fixed truncation of USB product/vendor IDs on Linux
    2024           hosts (5.1.0 regression; bug #15644)</para>
    2025       </listitem>
    2026 
    2027       <listitem>
    2028         <para>API: fixed VRDP with authentication (bug #15653)</para>
    2029       </listitem>
    2030 
    2031       <listitem>
    2032         <para>API: don't crash if there is no graphics controller configured
    2033           (bug #15628)</para>
    2034       </listitem>
    2035 
    2036       <listitem>
    2037         <para>Linux hosts: fixed EL5 builds (bug #15634)</para>
    2038       </listitem>
    2039 
    2040       <listitem>
    2041         <para>non-Windows hosts: fixed a crash during shutdown under rare
    2042           circumstances (bug #15568)</para>
    2043       </listitem>
    2044 
    2045       <listitem>
    2046         <para>Linux Additions: fixed SELinux issue which prevented certain
    2047           Linux guests to work in 3D mode (bug #15574)</para>
    2048       </listitem>
    2049 
    2050       <listitem>
    2051         <para>User Manual: updates</para>
    2052       </listitem>
    2053 
    2054     </itemizedlist>
    2055   </sect1>
    2056 
    2057   <sect1>
    2058     <title>Version 5.1.0 (2016-07-12)</title>
    2059 
    2060     <para>This is a major update. The following major new features
    2061       were added:</para>
    2062 
    2063     <itemizedlist>
    2064 
    2065       <listitem>
    2066         <para>VMM: new APIC and I/O APIC implementations that result in significantly improved
    2067           performance in certain situations (for example with networking, bug #15295)</para>
    2068       </listitem>
    2069 
    2070       <listitem>
    2071         <para>VMM: added support for Hyper-V paravirtualized debugging of Windows guests</para>
    2072       </listitem>
    2073 
    2074       <listitem>
    2075         <para>VMM: emulate even more MMIO and shadow pagetable exits without going back to
    2076           user mode</para>
    2077       </listitem>
    2078 
    2079       <listitem>
    2080         <para>GUI: overall migration to Qt5 (bug #11775)</para>
    2081       </listitem>
    2082 
    2083       <listitem>
    2084         <para>GUI: passive API event listener improving the VM GUI performance and
    2085           response time</para>
    2086       </listitem>
    2087 
    2088       <listitem>
    2089         <para>Audio: added HDA (High Definition Audio) support for newer Linux guests</para>
    2090       </listitem>
    2091 
    2092       <listitem>
    2093         <para>Audio: added on-demand timers which should improve the overall performance
    2094           and reduce the CPU consumption</para>
    2095       </listitem>
    2096 
    2097       <listitem>
    2098         <para>Audio: more fine-grained volume control for the AC'97 emulation, which now also
    2099           takes the master volume control into account</para>
    2100       </listitem>
    2101 
    2102       <listitem>
    2103         <para>better support for Python 3</para>
    2104       </listitem>
    2105 
    2106     </itemizedlist>
    2107 
    2108     <para>In addition, the following items were fixed and/or added:</para>
    2109 
    2110     <itemizedlist>
    2111 
    2112       <listitem>
    2113         <para>VMM: activate the x2APIC by default for Linux guests</para>
    2114       </listitem>
    2115 
    2116       <listitem>
    2117         <para>VMM: many more fixes</para>
    2118       </listitem>
    2119 
    2120       <listitem>
    2121         <para>GUI: the <emphasis>Detach UI</emphasis> action is now a part of the
    2122           VM Machine menu</para>
    2123       </listitem>
    2124 
    2125       <listitem>
    2126         <para>GUI: reworked session information window</para>
    2127       </listitem>
    2128 
    2129       <listitem>
    2130         <para>GUI: the new VM wizard now allows to choose the VM location for the VM
    2131           which is being created</para>
    2132       </listitem>
    2133 
    2134       <listitem>
    2135         <para>GUI: fixed location of touch events in unscaled HiDPI mode
    2136           (bugs #14366, #14367)</para>
    2137       </listitem>
    2138 
    2139       <listitem>
    2140         <para>GUI: various bugfixes and internal cleanup</para>
    2141       </listitem>
    2142 
    2143       <listitem>
    2144         <para>Storage: use <emphasis>fallocate()</emphasis> or similar if present to speed
    2145           up creating fixed-sized disk images (bug #5967)</para>
    2146       </listitem>
    2147 
    2148       <listitem>
    2149         <para>Storage: implemented NVMHCI-compatible storage controller</para>
    2150       </listitem>
    2151 
    2152       <listitem>
    2153         <para>Audio: various bugfixes and infrastructure improvements</para>
    2154       </listitem>
    2155 
    2156       <listitem>
    2157         <para>E1000: implemented interrupt throttling for performance improvements</para>
    2158       </listitem>
    2159 
    2160       <listitem>
    2161         <para>EFI: many improvements, for example allow to boot from USB</para>
    2162       </listitem>
    2163 
    2164       <listitem>
    2165         <para>OVF: improved handling of signed manifests</para>
    2166       </listitem>
    2167 
    2168       <listitem>
    2169         <para>API: Windows XP guests and Windows 2003 server guests now default to
    2170           the E1000 T Server network card</para>
    2171       </listitem>
    2172 
    2173       <listitem>
    2174         <para>VBoxSVC: fixed several memory leaks when handling .dmg images</para>
    2175       </listitem>
    2176 
    2177       <listitem>
    2178         <para>Installers: ship VBoxBugReport</para>
    2179       </listitem>
    2180 
    2181       <listitem>
    2182         <para>Windows hosts: reworked COM proxy (e.g. bug #8298)</para>
    2183       </listitem>
    2184 
    2185       <listitem>
    2186         <para>Linux installers: no longer rely on DKMS for module rebuilding</para>
    2187       </listitem>
    2188 
    2189       <listitem>
    2190         <para>Linux Additions: fix a problem when updating the initramfs after
    2191           the guest modules are compiled (bug #15579)</para>
    2192       </listitem>
    2193 
    2194       <listitem>
    2195         <para>Linux Additions: try to fix a problem where the OpenGL libraries
    2196           where loaded by the X server when we only support X clients
    2197           (bug #15574)</para>
    2198       </listitem>
    2199 
    2200     </itemizedlist>
    2201 
    2202   </sect1>
    2203 
    2204   <sect1>
    2205     <title>Version 5.0.24 (2016-06-28)</title>
    2206 
    2207     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    2208       added:</para>
    2209 
    2210     <itemizedlist>
    2211 
    2212       <listitem>
    2213         <para>VMM: reverted to the old I/O-APIC code for now to fix certain
    2214           regressions with 5.0.22 (bug #15529). This means that the networking
    2215           performance with certain guests will drop to the 5.0.20 level
    2216           (bug #15295). One workaround is to disable GRO for Linux guests</para>
    2217       </listitem>
    2218 
    2219       <listitem>
    2220         <para>Main: when taking a screenshot, don't save garbage for blanked
    2221           screens</para>
    2222       </listitem>
    2223 
    2224       <listitem>
    2225         <para>NAT: correctly parse resolv.conf file with multiple
    2226           separators (5.0.22 regression)</para>
    2227       </listitem>
    2228 
    2229       <listitem>
    2230         <para>Storage: fixed a possible corruption of stream optimized
    2231           VMDK images from VMware when opened in read/write mode for the
    2232           first time</para>
    2233       </listitem>
    2234 
    2235       <listitem>
    2236         <para>ACPI: notify the guest when the battery / AC state changes instead
    2237           of relying on guest polling</para>
    2238       </listitem>
    2239 
    2240       <listitem>
    2241         <para>Linux hosts: fixed <emphasis>VERR_VMM_SET_JMP_ABORTED_RESUME</emphasis>
    2242           Guru Meditations on hosts with Linux 4.6 or later (bug #15439)</para>
    2243       </listitem>
    2244 
    2245       <listitem>
    2246         <para>Solaris hosts: make the GUI work on Solaris 10 again (bug #15549)</para>
    2247       </listitem>
    2248 
    2249     </itemizedlist>
    2250   </sect1>
    2251 
    2252   <sect1>
    2253     <title>Version 5.0.22 (2016-06-16)</title>
    2254 
    2255     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    2256       added:</para>
    2257 
    2258     <itemizedlist>
    2259 
    2260       <listitem>
    2261         <para>VMM: fixes for certain Intel Atom hosts (bug #14915)</para>
    2262       </listitem>
    2263 
    2264       <listitem>
    2265         <para>VMM: properly restore the complete FPU state for 32-bit guests
    2266           on 64-bit hosts on Intel Sandy Bridge and Ivy Bridge CPUs</para>
    2267       </listitem>
    2268 
    2269       <listitem>
    2270         <para>VMM: new I/O-APIC implementation fixing several bugs and improving
    2271           the performance under certain conditions (bug #15295 and others)</para>
    2272       </listitem>
    2273 
    2274       <listitem>
    2275         <para>VMM: fixed a potential Linux guest panic on AMD hosts</para>
    2276       </listitem>
    2277 
    2278       <listitem>
    2279         <para>VMM: fixed a potential hang with 32-bit EFI guests on
    2280           Intel CPUs (VT-x without unrestricted guest execution)</para>
    2281       </listitem>
    2282 
    2283       <listitem>
    2284         <para>GUI: don't allow to start subsequent separate VM instances</para>
    2285       </listitem>
    2286 
    2287       <listitem>
    2288         <para>GUI: raised upper limit for video capture screen resolution
    2289           (bug #15432)</para>
    2290       </listitem>
    2291 
    2292       <listitem>
    2293         <para>GUI: warn if the VM has less than 128MB VRAM configured and 3D
    2294           enabled</para>
    2295       </listitem>
    2296 
    2297       <listitem>
    2298         <para>Main: when monitoring DNS configuration changes on Windows hosts
    2299           avoid false positives from competing DHCP renewals.  This should fix
    2300           NAT link flaps when host has multiple DHCP configured interfaces, in
    2301           particular when the host uses OpnVPN</para>
    2302       </listitem>
    2303 
    2304       <listitem>
    2305         <para>Main: properly display an error message if the VRDE server
    2306           cannot be enabled at runtime, for example because another service
    2307           is using the same port</para>
    2308       </listitem>
    2309 
    2310       <listitem>
    2311         <para>NAT: Initialize guest address guess for wildcard
    2312           port-forwarding rules with default guest address (bug #15412)</para>
    2313       </listitem>
    2314 
    2315       <listitem>
    2316         <para>VGA: fix for a problem which made certain legacy guests crash
    2317           under certain conditions (bug #14811)</para>
    2318       </listitem>
    2319 
    2320       <listitem>
    2321         <para>OVF: fixed import problems for some appliances using an AHCI
    2322           controller created by 3rd party applications</para>
    2323       </listitem>
    2324 
    2325       <listitem>
    2326         <para>SDK: reduced memory usage in the webservice Java bindings</para>
    2327       </listitem>
    2328 
    2329       <listitem>
    2330         <para>Windows hosts: fixed performance regresson with SMP guests
    2331           (5.0 regression)</para>
    2332       </listitem>
    2333 
    2334       <listitem>
    2335         <para>Windows hosts: fixes for the shared clipboard</para>
    2336       </listitem>
    2337 
    2338       <listitem>
    2339         <para>Windows hosts: Windows hardening fix</para>
    2340       </listitem>
    2341 
    2342       <listitem>
    2343         <para>Windows Additions: fixes to retain the guest display layout
    2344           when resizing or disabling the guest monitors</para>
    2345       </listitem>
    2346 
    2347       <listitem>
    2348         <para>Linux hosts: EL 6.8 fix (bug #15411)</para>
    2349       </listitem>
    2350 
    2351       <listitem>
    2352         <para>Linux hosts: Linux 4.7 fix (bug #15459)</para>
    2353       </listitem>
    2354 
    2355       <listitem>
    2356         <para>Linux Additions: Linux 4.7 fixes (bug #15444)</para>
    2357       </listitem>
    2358 
    2359       <listitem>
    2360         <para>Linux Additions: fix for certain 32-bit guests (5.0.18
    2361           regression; bug #15320)</para>
    2362       </listitem>
    2363 
    2364       <listitem>
    2365         <para>Linux Additions: fixed mouse pointer offset (5.0.18
    2366           regression; bug #15324)</para>
    2367       </listitem>
    2368 
    2369       <listitem>
    2370         <para>Linux Additions: made old X.Org releases work again with
    2371           kernels 3.11 and later (5.0.18 regression; bug #15319)</para>
    2372       </listitem>
    2373 
    2374       <listitem>
    2375         <para>Linux Additions: fixed X.Org crash after hard guest reset
    2376           (5.0.18 regression; bug #15354)</para>
    2377       </listitem>
    2378 
    2379       <listitem>
    2380         <para>Linux Additions: don't stop the X11 setup if loading the
    2381           shared folders module fails (5.0.18 regression)</para>
    2382       </listitem>
    2383 
    2384       <listitem>
    2385         <para>Linux Additions: don't complain if the Drag and Drop service
    2386           is not available on the host</para>
    2387       </listitem>
    2388 
    2389       <listitem>
    2390         <para>Solaris Additions: added support for X.org 1.18</para>
    2391       </listitem>
    2392 
    2393     </itemizedlist>
    2394   </sect1>
    2395 
    2396   <sect1>
    2397     <title>Version 5.0.20 (2016-04-28)</title>
    2398 
    2399     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    2400       added:</para>
    2401 
    2402     <itemizedlist>
    2403 
    2404       <listitem>
    2405         <para>Storage: fixed a regression causing write requests from the BIOS
    2406           to cause a Guru Meditation with the LsiLogic SCSI controller
    2407           (5.0.18 regression; bug #15317)</para>
    2408       </listitem>
    2409 
    2410       <listitem>
    2411         <para>Storage: several emulation fixes in the BusLogic SCSI
    2412           controller emulation</para>
    2413       </listitem>
    2414 
    2415       <listitem>
    2416         <para>NAT Network: support TCP in DNS proxy (same problem as
    2417           in bug #14736 for NAT)</para>
    2418       </listitem>
    2419 
    2420       <listitem>
    2421         <para>NAT: rework handling of port-forwarding rules (bug #13570)</para>
    2422       </listitem>
    2423 
    2424       <listitem>
    2425         <para>NAT: rewrite host resolver to handle more query types
    2426           and make it asynchronous so that a stalled lookup doesn't block all
    2427           NAT traffic</para>
    2428       </listitem>
    2429 
    2430       <listitem>
    2431         <para>Snapshots: don't crash when restoring a snapshot which has more
    2432           network adapters than the current state (ie when the snapshot uses
    2433           ICH9 and the current state uses PIIX3)</para>
    2434       </listitem>
    2435 
    2436       <listitem>
    2437         <para>Guest Control: various bugfixes for the <emphasis>copyfrom</emphasis>
    2438           and <emphasis>copyto</emphasis> commands / API (bug #14336)</para>
    2439       </listitem>
    2440 
    2441       <listitem>
    2442         <para>VBoxManage: list processor features on <emphasis>list
    2443             hostinfo</emphasis> (bug #15334)</para>
    2444       </listitem>
    2445 
    2446       <listitem>
    2447         <para>Linux hosts: fix for Linux 4.5 if
    2448           <emphasis>CONFIG_NET_CLS_ACT</emphasis> is enabled (bug #15327)</para>
    2449       </listitem>
    2450 
    2451       <listitem>
    2452         <para>Windows hosts: another fix for recent Windows 10 insider builds
    2453           (bug #15337)</para>
    2454       </listitem>
    2455 
    2456       <listitem>
    2457         <para>Windows hosts: make it work on Windows XP again (5.0.18
    2458           regression)</para>
    2459       </listitem>
    2460 
    2461       <listitem>
    2462         <para>Windows Additions: fixed performance issues with PowerPoint
    2463           2010 and the WDDM graphics drivers if Aero is disabled</para>
    2464       </listitem>
    2465 
    2466     </itemizedlist>
    2467 
    2468   </sect1>
    2469 
    2470   <sect1>
    2471     <title>Version 5.0.18 (2016-04-18)</title>
    2472 
    2473     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    2474       added:</para>
    2475 
    2476     <itemizedlist>
    2477 
    2478       <listitem>
    2479         <para>GUI: position off-screen windows to be fully visible again on relaunch
    2480           in consistence with default-behavior (bug #15226)</para>
    2481       </listitem>
    2482 
    2483       <listitem>
    2484         <para>GUI: fixed the <emphasis>View</emphasis> menu /
    2485           <emphasis>Full-screen Mode</emphasis> behavior on Mac OS X El Capitan</para>
    2486       </listitem>
    2487 
    2488       <listitem>
    2489         <para>GUI: fixed a test which allowed to encrypt a hard disk with an
    2490           empty password</para>
    2491       </listitem>
    2492 
    2493       <listitem>
    2494         <para>GUI: fixed a crash under certain conditions during VM shutdown</para>
    2495       </listitem>
    2496 
    2497       <listitem>
    2498         <para>GUI: fixed the size of the VM list scrollbar in the VM selector
    2499           when entering a group</para>
    2500       </listitem>
    2501 
    2502       <listitem>
    2503         <para>PC speaker passthrough: fixes (Linux hosts only; bug #627)</para>
    2504       </listitem>
    2505 
    2506       <listitem>
    2507         <para>Drag and drop: several fixes</para>
    2508       </listitem>
    2509 
    2510       <listitem>
    2511         <para>SATA: fixed hotplug flag handling when EFI is used</para>
    2512       </listitem>
    2513 
    2514       <listitem>
    2515         <para>Storage: fixed handling of encrypted disk images with SCSI
    2516           controllers (bug #14812)</para>
    2517       </listitem>
    2518 
    2519       <listitem>
    2520         <para>Storage: fixed possible crash with Solaris 7 if the BusLogic
    2521           SCSI controller is used</para>
    2522       </listitem>
    2523 
    2524       <listitem>
    2525         <para>USB: properly purge non-ASCII characters from USB strings
    2526           (bugs #8801, #15222)</para>
    2527       </listitem>
    2528 
    2529       <listitem>
    2530         <para>NAT Network: fixed 100% CPU load in VBoxNetNAT on Mac OS X
    2531           under certain circumstances (bug #15223)</para>
    2532       </listitem>
    2533 
    2534       <listitem>
    2535         <para>ACPI: fixed ACPI tables to make the display color management
    2536           settings available again for older Windows versions (4.3.22
    2537           regression)</para>
    2538       </listitem>
    2539 
    2540       <listitem>
    2541         <para>Guest Control: fixed <emphasis>VBoxManage copyfrom</emphasis>
    2542           command (bug #14336)</para>
    2543       </listitem>
    2544 
    2545       <listitem>
    2546         <para>Snapshots: fixed several problems when removing older snapshots
    2547           (bug #15206)</para>
    2548       </listitem>
    2549 
    2550       <listitem>
    2551         <para>VBoxManage: fixed <emphasis>--verbose</emphasis> output of the
    2552           <emphasis>guestcontrol</emphasis> command</para>
    2553       </listitem>
    2554 
    2555       <listitem>
    2556         <para>Windows hosts: hardening fixes required for recent Windows 10
    2557           insider builds (bugs #15245, #15296)</para>
    2558       </listitem>
    2559 
    2560       <listitem>
    2561         <para>Windows hosts: fixed support of jumbo frames in with bridged
    2562           networking (5.0.16 regression; bug #15209)</para>
    2563       </listitem>
    2564 
    2565       <listitem>
    2566         <para>Windows hosts: don't prevent receiving multicast traffic if
    2567           host-only adapters are installed (bug #8698)</para>
    2568       </listitem>
    2569 
    2570       <listitem>
    2571         <para>Linux hosts: added support for the new naming scheme of NVME disks when
    2572           creating raw disks</para>
    2573       </listitem>
    2574 
    2575       <listitem>
    2576         <para>Solaris hosts / guests: properly sign the kernel modules (bug #12608)</para>
    2577       </listitem>
    2578 
    2579       <listitem>
    2580         <para>Linux hosts / guests: Linux 4.5 fixes (bug #15251)</para>
    2581       </listitem>
    2582 
    2583       <listitem>
    2584         <para>Linux hosts / guests: Linux 4.6 fixes (bug #15298)</para>
    2585       </listitem>
    2586 
    2587       <listitem>
    2588         <para>Linux Additions: added a kernel graphics driver to support graphics
    2589           when X.Org does not have root rights (bug #14732)</para>
    2590       </listitem>
    2591 
    2592       <listitem>
    2593         <para>Linux/Solaris Additions: fixed several issues causing Linux/Solatis
    2594           guests using software rendering when 3D acceleration is available</para>
    2595       </listitem>
    2596 
    2597       <listitem>
    2598         <para>Windows Additions: fixed a hang with PowerPoint 2010 and the WDDM
    2599            drivers if Aero is disabled</para>
    2600       </listitem>
    2601 
    2602     </itemizedlist>
    2603 
    2604   </sect1>
    2605 
    2606   <sect1>
    2607     <title>Version 5.0.16 (2016-03-04)</title>
    2608 
    2609     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    2610       added:</para>
    2611 
    2612     <itemizedlist>
    2613 
    2614       <listitem>
    2615         <para>VMM: fixed a problem which could lead to a wrong guest behavior on
    2616           AMD CPUs (bugs #14831 and #15186)</para>
    2617       </listitem>
    2618 
    2619       <listitem>
    2620         <para>GUI: don't try to synchronize the HID LEDs if the VM window is not
    2621           active or if it's minimized (Windows / Mac OS X hosts only; bug #14302)</para>
    2622       </listitem>
    2623 
    2624       <listitem>
    2625         <para>GUI: prevent a crash during startup under rare conditions</para>
    2626       </listitem>
    2627 
    2628       <listitem>
    2629         <para>GUI: sub-menu option to disable the guest-OS type overlay in the
    2630           application dock icon on Mac OS X</para>
    2631       </listitem>
    2632 
    2633       <listitem>
    2634         <para>GUI: position off-screen windows to be fully visible again on relaunch</para>
    2635       </listitem>
    2636 
    2637       <listitem>
    2638         <para>GUI: hide the VT-x/AMD-V checkbox if raw-mode is not supported
    2639           (usually Mac OS X hosts; bug #15178)</para>
    2640       </listitem>
    2641 
    2642       <listitem>
    2643         <para>PC speaker passthrough: new experimental feature, available on
    2644           Linux host only</para>
    2645       </listitem>
    2646 
    2647       <listitem>
    2648         <para>Audio: several fixes for Mac OS X hosts + guests</para>
    2649       </listitem>
    2650 
    2651       <listitem>
    2652         <para>Audio: properly handle default audio device changes (Windows hosts)</para>
    2653       </listitem>
    2654 
    2655       <listitem>
    2656         <para>USB: serveral fixes for the xHCI controller (e.g. for webcam
    2657           passthrough)</para>
    2658       </listitem>
    2659 
    2660       <listitem>
    2661         <para>BIOS: fixed int15/AH=83/AL=00 function (4.2.0 regression)</para>
    2662       </listitem>
    2663 
    2664       <listitem>
    2665         <para>iPXE: enable the HTTP download protocol on non-Linux hosts (bug #13628)</para>
    2666       </listitem>
    2667 
    2668       <listitem>
    2669         <para>Shared folders: fixed a failure to load the saved state under
    2670           certain circumstances (bug #6314)</para>
    2671       </listitem>
    2672 
    2673       <listitem>
    2674         <para>Guest Control: added support for (cached) Active Directory authentication
    2675           in case the domain controller is not reachable (anymore)</para>
    2676       </listitem>
    2677 
    2678       <listitem>
    2679         <para>Serial ports: raised the number of serial ports per VM from 2 to 4
    2680           (bug #9109)</para>
    2681       </listitem>
    2682 
    2683       <listitem>
    2684         <para>Serial ports: fix for the TCP/IP backend (Windows hosts only; bug #15188)</para>
    2685       </listitem>
    2686 
    2687       <listitem>
    2688         <para>SDK: make the Python webservice API binding work again (5.0 regression)</para>
    2689       </listitem>
    2690 
    2691       <listitem>
    2692         <para>Seamless mode: fixed a crash under certain circumstances
    2693           (bug #15106)</para>
    2694       </listitem>
    2695 
    2696       <listitem>
    2697         <para>Linux hosts: fixed the /sbin/rcvboxdrv script as well as the missing
    2698           shebang in two scripts (bugs #15055 and #15057)</para>
    2699       </listitem>
    2700 
    2701       <listitem>
    2702         <para>Linux hosts: properly uninstall Python files installed by the
    2703           .run installer</para>
    2704       </listitem>
    2705 
    2706       <listitem>
    2707         <para>Windows hosts: hardening fix required for recent Windows insider
    2708           builds (bug #14052)</para>
    2709       </listitem>
    2710 
    2711       <listitem>
    2712         <para>Windows hosts: fixed Python installation path (bug #13131)</para>
    2713       </listitem>
    2714 
    2715       <listitem>
    2716         <para>Windows hosts: support MTU larger than 2 KB with bridged
    2717           networking (bug #15140)</para>
    2718       </listitem>
    2719 
    2720       <listitem>
    2721         <para>Windows hosts / guests: properly sign binaries using a sha-256
    2722           certificate (bug #15054)</para>
    2723       </listitem>
    2724 
    2725       <listitem>
    2726         <para>Windows Additions: fixed guest property enumeration of logged-in
    2727           users</para>
    2728       </listitem>
    2729 
    2730       <listitem>
    2731         <para>Windows Additions: fixed sporadical failure of the graphics driver
    2732           in Windows 10 guests (bug #14409)</para>
    2733       </listitem>
    2734 
    2735       <listitem>
    2736         <para>Windows Additions: under rare circumstances no mouse movement
    2737           events were delivered to the guest</para>
    2738       </listitem>
    2739 
    2740     </itemizedlist>
    2741   </sect1>
    2742 
    2743   <sect1>
    2744     <title>Version 5.0.14 (2016-01-19)</title>
    2745 
    2746     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    2747       added:</para>
    2748 
    2749     <itemizedlist>
    2750 
    2751       <listitem>
    2752         <para>GUI: properly limit the number of VCPUs to the number of physical
    2753           cores on Mac OS X (bug #15018)</para>
    2754       </listitem>
    2755 
    2756       <listitem>
    2757         <para>Audio: fixed a bug which prevented loading a saved state
    2758           of a saved guests with HDA emulation (5.0.12 regression; bug #14981)</para>
    2759       </listitem>
    2760 
    2761       <listitem>
    2762         <para>Audio: don't crash if the backend is unable to initialize
    2763           (bug #14960)</para>
    2764       </listitem>
    2765 
    2766       <listitem>
    2767         <para>Audio: fixed audio capture on Mac OS X (bug #14386)</para>
    2768       </listitem>
    2769 
    2770       <listitem>
    2771         <para>Storage: fixed a possible crash when attaching the same ISO image
    2772           multiple times to the same VM (bug #14951)</para>
    2773       </listitem>
    2774 
    2775       <listitem>
    2776         <para>BIOS: properly report if two floppy drives are attached</para>
    2777       </listitem>
    2778 
    2779       <listitem>
    2780         <para>USB: fixed a problem with filters which would not capture the
    2781           device under certain circumstances (5.0.10 regression; bug #15042)</para>
    2782       </listitem>
    2783 
    2784       <listitem>
    2785         <para>ExtPack: black-list Extension Packs older than 4.3.30 due to
    2786           incompatible changes not being properly handled in the past</para>
    2787       </listitem>
    2788 
    2789       <listitem>
    2790         <para>Windows hosts: fixed a regression which caused robocopy
    2791           to fail (bug #14958)</para>
    2792       </listitem>
    2793 
    2794       <listitem>
    2795         <para>Linux hosts: properly create the <emphasis>/sbin/rcvboxdrv</emphasis>
    2796           symbolic link (5.0.12 regression; bug #14989)</para>
    2797       </listitem>
    2798 
    2799       <listitem>
    2800         <para>Mac OS X hosts: several fixes for USB on El Capitan (bug #14677)</para>
    2801       </listitem>
    2802 
    2803       <listitem>
    2804         <para>Linux Additions: fixes for Linux 4.5 (bug #15032)</para>
    2805       </listitem>
    2806 
    2807     </itemizedlist>
    2808   </sect1>
    2809 
    2810   <sect1>
    2811     <title>Version 5.0.12 (2015-12-18)</title>
    2812 
    2813     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    2814       added:</para>
    2815 
    2816     <itemizedlist>
    2817 
    2818       <listitem>
    2819         <para>GUI: fixed wrong scrolling behaviour in the VM selector window
    2820           when a VM item is dragged out of the chooser-pane area</para>
    2821       </listitem>
    2822 
    2823       <listitem>
    2824         <para>GUI: fixed the validation of IPv6 port-forwarding rules</para>
    2825       </listitem>
    2826 
    2827       <listitem>
    2828         <para>GUI: suppress the first-run wizard if a CD/DVD medium is
    2829           inserted using the selector UI</para>
    2830       </listitem>
    2831 
    2832       <listitem>
    2833         <para>GUI: fixed the Ctrl+Break key sequence scan codes
    2834           (bug #14927)</para>
    2835       </listitem>
    2836 
    2837       <listitem>
    2838         <para>GUI: improved handling of text selection mouse pointer (bug #750)</para>
    2839       </listitem>
    2840 
    2841       <listitem>
    2842         <para>Host services: fixed a crash during VM shutdown under rare
    2843           conditions (5.0.6 regression; bug #14841)</para>
    2844       </listitem>
    2845 
    2846       <listitem>
    2847         <para>Shared folders: fixed a sharing violation if a file is opened
    2848           to check the attributes (Windows hosts only; bug #14450)</para>
    2849       </listitem>
    2850 
    2851       <listitem>
    2852         <para>Webcam: passthrough fix for certain devices (Mac OS X hosts only)</para>
    2853       </listitem>
    2854 
    2855       <listitem>
    2856         <para>XHCI: fixed broken emulation if software virtualization is used</para>
    2857       </listitem>
    2858 
    2859       <listitem>
    2860         <para>XHCI: several fixes</para>
    2861       </listitem>
    2862 
    2863       <listitem>
    2864         <para>3D: fixed state handling under certain conditions (bug #13487)</para>
    2865       </listitem>
    2866 
    2867       <listitem>
    2868         <para>Audio: several fixes</para>
    2869       </listitem>
    2870 
    2871       <listitem>
    2872         <para>BIOS: added LBA64 support for being able to boot from huge hard
    2873           disks(bug #7415)</para>
    2874       </listitem>
    2875 
    2876       <listitem>
    2877         <para>EFI: fix for Windows 10 guests</para>
    2878       </listitem>
    2879 
    2880       <listitem>
    2881         <para>ExtPack: before installing an Extension Pack check if there are
    2882           VMs running to prevent file system locking issues</para>
    2883       </listitem>
    2884 
    2885       <listitem>
    2886         <para>rdesktop-vrdp: source code tarball fixes</para>
    2887       </listitem>
    2888 
    2889       <listitem>
    2890         <para>Windows hosts: fixed hang when using VBoxAuthSimple library for
    2891           VRDP external authentication (bug #14931)</para>
    2892       </listitem>
    2893 
    2894       <listitem>
    2895         <para>Windows hosts: fixed a regression which prevented it to attach to
    2896           a physical network adapter having TCP/IP disabled (bug #14578)</para>
    2897       </listitem>
    2898 
    2899       <listitem>
    2900         <para>Windows hosts: fixed a regression which caused multi-port adapters
    2901           to be shown as a single adapter (bugs #14558, #14622)</para>
    2902       </listitem>
    2903 
    2904       <listitem>
    2905         <para>Windows hosts: fixed a regression which caused created host-only
    2906           adapters to not appear in the list (bug #14437)</para>
    2907       </listitem>
    2908 
    2909       <listitem>
    2910         <para>Windows hosts: fixed host-only adapter creation issues related
    2911           to Windows 10 (bugs #14040, #14545)</para>
    2912       </listitem>
    2913 
    2914       <listitem>
    2915         <para>Linux hosts: .desktop file compatibility issue (bug #14808)</para>
    2916       </listitem>
    2917 
    2918       <listitem>
    2919         <para>Linux hosts / guests: fixes for RHEL 7.2 (bug #14866)</para>
    2920       </listitem>
    2921 
    2922       <listitem>
    2923         <para>Linux hosts: the command for recompiling the host kernel modules
    2924           was changed again, to <emphasis>/sbin/rcvboxdrv setup</emphasis> (bug
    2925            #14723)</para>
    2926       </listitem>
    2927 
    2928       <listitem>
    2929         <para>Linux hosts: some fixes for PCI passthrough (still highly
    2930           experimental)</para>
    2931       </listitem>
    2932 
    2933       <listitem>
    2934         <para>Linux/Mac OS X hosts: fixed a VM hang during startup under certain
    2935           circumstances (bug #14933)</para>
    2936       </listitem>
    2937 
    2938       <listitem>
    2939         <para>Solaris hosts: added Python 2.7 bindings</para>
    2940       </listitem>
    2941 
    2942       <listitem>
    2943         <para>Mac OS X hosts: fixed a possible crash when the default input or
    2944           output audio device changes</para>
    2945       </listitem>
    2946 
    2947       <listitem>
    2948         <para>Mac OS X hosts: fixed a panic under certain conditions</para>
    2949       </listitem>
    2950 
    2951       <listitem>
    2952         <para>Linux Additions: prevent the compiler from doing dead-code
    2953           elemination on vital code in guest / host communication (bug #14497)</para>
    2954       </listitem>
    2955 
    2956       <listitem>
    2957         <para>Linux Additions: when mounting a shared folder, explicitly pass
    2958           the share name so that /proc/mounts contains this name instead of 'none'</para>
    2959       </listitem>
    2960 
    2961       <listitem>
    2962         <para>Linux Additions: workaround for a systemd problem in conjunction
    2963           with SELinux which prevented to properly enable the 'vboxadd' service
    2964           during while upgrading the Additions</para>
    2965       </listitem>
    2966 
    2967     </itemizedlist>
    2968   </sect1>
    2969 
    2970   <sect1>
    2971     <title>Version 5.0.10 (2015-11-10)</title>
    2972 
    2973     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    2974       added:</para>
    2975 
    2976     <itemizedlist>
    2977 
    2978       <listitem>
    2979         <para>VMM: improved support for certain Intel Atom CPUs (bug #14773)</para>
    2980       </listitem>
    2981 
    2982       <listitem>
    2983         <para>VMM: system register emulation fix (5.0 regression; bug #14515)</para>
    2984       </listitem>
    2985 
    2986       <listitem>
    2987         <para>GUI: fixed immediate screenshot issue (bug #14108)</para>
    2988       </listitem>
    2989 
    2990       <listitem>
    2991         <para>GUI: fixed another 3D overlay window reparenting issue when the
    2992           VM is switched to full-screen mode on X11 hosts</para>
    2993       </listitem>
    2994 
    2995       <listitem>
    2996         <para>GUI: fixed help index (bug #14722)</para>
    2997       </listitem>
    2998 
    2999       <listitem>
    3000         <para>GUI: fixed state synchronization issue in the VM manager window
    3001           when VM was paused from its runtime window</para>
    3002       </listitem>
    3003 
    3004       <listitem>
    3005         <para>Audio: fixed suspending/resuming audio streams on VM
    3006           pause/unpause (bug #14784)</para>
    3007       </listitem>
    3008 
    3009       <listitem>
    3010         <para>Audio: properly reset AC'97 audio streams, otherwise there is
    3011           silence until a non-48 kHz stream is played</para>
    3012       </listitem>
    3013 
    3014       <listitem>
    3015         <para>Audio: fixed a small emulation quirk of the AD1980 codec of the
    3016           HDA device to make recent linux guests work (bug #14653)</para>
    3017       </listitem>
    3018 
    3019       <listitem>
    3020         <para>USB: serveral fixes for the xHCI controller</para>
    3021       </listitem>
    3022 
    3023       <listitem>
    3024         <para>USB: fixed a crash under certain conditions on hosts with Linux
    3025           kernels older than version 3.3</para>
    3026       </listitem>
    3027 
    3028       <listitem>
    3029         <para>USB: better identification of certain USB devices</para>
    3030       </listitem>
    3031 
    3032       <listitem>
    3033         <para>NAT: support TCP in DNS proxy (bug #14736)</para>
    3034       </listitem>
    3035 
    3036       <listitem>
    3037         <para>NAT Network: fixed sporadic crashes on Windows hosts (bug #13899)</para>
    3038       </listitem>
    3039 
    3040       <listitem>
    3041         <para>API: when creating differencing images (e.g. as part of a snapshot
    3042           or cloning a VM) use the same disk image variant as the parent image
    3043           if possible, which means that e.g. a diff image for a VMDK image
    3044           split into 2 GB files will also be split (bug #14764)</para>
    3045       </listitem>
    3046 
    3047       <listitem>
    3048         <para>API: event queue handling fixes preventing loss of certain events
    3049           at runtime (e.g. new webcam attached), particularly important on Mac
    3050           OS X hosts</para>
    3051       </listitem>
    3052 
    3053       <listitem>
    3054         <para>Webcam: passthrough fix for certain devices (Windows hosts only)</para>
    3055       </listitem>
    3056 
    3057       <listitem>
    3058         <para>VBoxManage: don't crash on <emphasis>snapshot restorecurrent /
    3059             edit</emphasis> if the VM has no snapshots</para>
    3060       </listitem>
    3061 
    3062       <listitem>
    3063         <para>VBoxManage: don't crash on <emphasis>controlvm
    3064             addencpassword</emphasis> (bug #14729)</para>
    3065       </listitem>
    3066 
    3067       <listitem>
    3068         <para>Mac OS X hosts: use the correct kernel on certain hosts</para>
    3069       </listitem>
    3070 
    3071       <listitem>
    3072         <para>Windows hosts: fixed VRDP external authentication</para>
    3073       </listitem>
    3074 
    3075       <listitem>
    3076         <para>Windows hosts: allow to use a shared folder path with extended-length
    3077           path prefix (5.0 regression; bug #14651)</para>
    3078       </listitem>
    3079 
    3080       <listitem>
    3081         <para>Windows hosts: fix a crash in the netfilter host driver under
    3082           certain conditions (bug #14799)</para>
    3083       </listitem>
    3084 
    3085       <listitem>
    3086         <para>Windows host installer: documented and fixed public properties which
    3087          can be used to control the installation to some extent</para>
    3088       </listitem>
    3089 
    3090       <listitem>
    3091         <para>Windows host installer: fixed not starting the actual installation
    3092         when showing the version information or help dialogs</para>
    3093       </listitem>
    3094 
    3095       <listitem>
    3096         <para>X11 Additions: added basic support for X.Org Server 1.18 (3D
    3097           requires additional fixes)</para>
    3098       </listitem>
    3099 
    3100     </itemizedlist>
    3101   </sect1>
    3102 
    3103   <sect1>
    3104     <title>Version 5.0.8 (2015-10-20)</title>
    3105 
    3106     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    3107       added:</para>
    3108 
    3109     <itemizedlist>
    3110 
    3111       <listitem>
    3112         <para>GUI: Mac OS X: Restore green zoom button for VM windows
    3113           (it was hidden in previous release to avoid native full-screen issues).
    3114           For Yosemite and El Capitan this button should work accordingly to the
    3115           Apple HIG: Full-screen by default, maximize if the user holds the
    3116           Option key</para>
    3117       </listitem>
    3118 
    3119       <listitem>
    3120         <para>Serial ports: fixed wrong IRQ number for the first serial port in
    3121           the ACPI tables (5.0.6 regression; bug #14659)</para>
    3122       </listitem>
    3123 
    3124       <listitem>
    3125         <para>API: fixed a 5.0 regression in <emphasis>VBoxManage setproperty
    3126           defaultfrontend</emphasis> (bug #14696)</para>
    3127       </listitem>
    3128 
    3129       <listitem>
    3130         <para>VBoxManage/vbox-img: conversion to RAW images could result in
    3131           a disk image containing all zeroes</para>
    3132       </listitem>
    3133 
    3134       <listitem>
    3135         <para>Linux hosts: several fixes for systemd integration in .deb / .rpm
    3136           packages (e.g. bug #14665). The command for recompiling the host kernel
    3137           modules was changed to <emphasis>/sbin/vboxconfig</emphasis></para>
    3138       </listitem>
    3139 
    3140       <listitem>
    3141         <para>Linux hosts: make host-only interfaces report operstate UP
    3142           only when they have VMs attached (bug #14526)</para>
    3143       </listitem>
    3144 
    3145       <listitem>
    3146         <para>Mac OS X hosts: fix bpf capture and accounting of traffic
    3147           on bridged and host-only interfaces (bug #14553)</para>
    3148       </listitem>
    3149 
    3150       <listitem>
    3151         <para>Windows guests: fixed 3D rendering issues on high resolution
    3152           displays</para>
    3153       </listitem>
    3154 
    3155       <listitem>
    3156         <para>Windows Additions: fixed problems with 3D acceleration on Windows
    3157           hosts with Intel HD graphics (bug #14670)</para>
    3158       </listitem>
    3159 
    3160       <listitem>
    3161         <para>Linux Additions: fix service starting on Debian systems with
    3162           systemd installed but not in use (bug #14683)</para>
    3163       </listitem>
    3164 
    3165     </itemizedlist>
    3166 
    3167   </sect1>
    3168 
    3169   <sect1>
    3170     <title>Version 5.0.6 (2015-10-02)</title>
    3171 
    3172     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    3173       added:</para>
    3174 
    3175     <itemizedlist>
    3176 
    3177       <listitem>
    3178         <para>GUI: the update check now uses the HTTP system proxy settings by
    3179           default</para>
    3180       </listitem>
    3181 
    3182       <listitem>
    3183         <para>GUI: About dialog improvements. Copyable version text, do not close
    3184           dialog on mouse-clicks and focus losing, explicit close button at the
    3185           bottom of dialog and disabled close button fix on OS X. (bugs #9912,
    3186           #12749)</para>
    3187       </listitem>
    3188 
    3189       <listitem>
    3190         <para>GUI: fixed bug when re-assigning shortcuts (bug #14565)</para>
    3191       </listitem>
    3192 
    3193       <listitem>
    3194         <para>GUI: fixed default focus button in message-box dialogs (bug #14486)</para>
    3195       </listitem>
    3196 
    3197       <listitem>
    3198         <para>GUI: fixed settings dialog which is opened if the network settings
    3199           need to be changed at VM startup (5.0 regression; bug #14601)</para>
    3200       </listitem>
    3201 
    3202       <listitem>
    3203         <para>GUI: fixed crash during VM start if an early error message needs
    3204           to be shown, for example Linux kernel modules not present (bug #14646)</para>
    3205       </listitem>
    3206 
    3207       <listitem>
    3208         <para>Bridged Networking: fixed handling of guest DHCP requests without UDP
    3209           checksum when bridging to a wireless interface (bug #14615)</para>
    3210       </listitem>
    3211 
    3212       <listitem>
    3213         <para>Audio: latency fixes (Windows hosts only; bug #4088)</para>
    3214       </listitem>
    3215 
    3216       <listitem>
    3217         <para>Guest Control: correctly set <emphasis>USERNAME</emphasis> and
    3218           <emphasis>USERPROFILE</emphasis> environment variables (Windows
    3219           guests only)</para>
    3220       </listitem>
    3221 
    3222       <listitem>
    3223         <para>Guest Control: several fixes</para>
    3224       </listitem>
    3225 
    3226       <listitem>
    3227         <para>API: properly restore NAT port forwarding rules when reverting to
    3228           a snapshot</para>
    3229       </listitem>
    3230 
    3231       <listitem>
    3232         <para>Parallel ports: Several fixes allowing to enable two parallel ports
    3233           for a VM</para>
    3234       </listitem>
    3235 
    3236       <listitem>
    3237         <para>VBoxManage: fixed wrong output of <emphasis>debugvm show</emphasis>
    3238           command</para>
    3239       </listitem>
    3240 
    3241       <listitem>
    3242         <para>VBoxManage: fixed hang when specifying logging groups with
    3243           <emphasis>debugvm log</emphasis> starting with
    3244           <emphasis>h</emphasis>, for example <emphasis>hex</emphasis></para>
    3245       </listitem>
    3246 
    3247       <listitem>
    3248         <para>Windows hosts: renamed <emphasis>VBoxStartup.log</emphasis> to
    3249           <emphasis>VBoxHardening.log</emphasis> and provide this log file in
    3250           the GUI log viewer</para>
    3251       </listitem>
    3252 
    3253       <listitem>
    3254         <para>Windows hosts: fixed a small memory leak in the Windows host interface
    3255           driver (VBoxNetAdp) which caused a BSOD if the driver verifier is enabled
    3256           (bug #14562)</para>
    3257       </listitem>
    3258 
    3259       <listitem>
    3260         <para>Windows hosts: fixed a failure to start VMs on hosts where dsound.dll
    3261           is not available (bug #14574)</para>
    3262       </listitem>
    3263 
    3264       <listitem>
    3265         <para>Windows hosts: another fix for <emphasis>VERR_LDR_MISMATCH_NATIVE</emphasis>
    3266           errors (bug #14579)</para>
    3267       </listitem>
    3268 
    3269       <listitem>
    3270         <para>Windows hosts: fixed host-to-guest communication with bridged networking
    3271           (bugs #14326, #14457)</para>
    3272       </listitem>
    3273 
    3274       <listitem>
    3275         <para>Windows hosts: fixed broken data receiving from the serial device with
    3276           the named pipe backend if Kaspersky AV is installed</para>
    3277       </listitem>
    3278 
    3279       <listitem>
    3280         <para>Linux hosts: Linux 4.3 compile fixes</para>
    3281       </listitem>
    3282 
    3283       <listitem>
    3284         <para>Linux hosts: installer fix for certain systems (bug #14627)</para>
    3285       </listitem>
    3286 
    3287       <listitem>
    3288         <para>Linux hosts / guests: native systemd support for the host/guest
    3289           installer scripts. The scripts for re-compiling the kernel modules
    3290           are now located at /sbin/rcvboxdrv (host) and /sbin/rcvboxadd
    3291           (Guest Additions)</para>
    3292       </listitem>
    3293 
    3294       <listitem>
    3295         <para>Mac OS X hosts: GUI-related fixes for El Capitan</para>
    3296       </listitem>
    3297 
    3298       <listitem>
    3299         <para>Mac OS X hosts: fixed a problem with capturing USB devices under
    3300           El Capitan</para>
    3301       </listitem>
    3302 
    3303       <listitem>
    3304         <para>Mac OS X hosts: allow colon character on shared folders (bug #14554)</para>
    3305       </listitem>
    3306 
    3307       <listitem>
    3308         <para>Linux Additions: properly set the VBoxService process ID in the PID
    3309           file (bug #14571)</para>
    3310       </listitem>
    3311 
    3312       <listitem>
    3313         <para>Linux Additions: Guest Control fixes (bug #14573)</para>
    3314       </listitem>
    3315 
    3316       <listitem>
    3317         <para>Windows Additions: fixed shutting down VBoxTray when running with
    3318           older VirtualBox host versions</para>
    3319       </listitem>
    3320 
    3321       <listitem>
    3322         <para>Windows Additions: fixed video playback with VLC and Windows Media
    3323           Player when the WDDM driver is used and 3D is not used</para>
    3324       </listitem>
    3325 
    3326       <listitem>
    3327         <para>Windows Additions: prevent a possible VLC crash when the WDDM driver
    3328           is used and 3D is enabled by implementing YV12 surfaces</para>
    3329       </listitem>
    3330 
    3331     </itemizedlist>
    3332   </sect1>
    3333 
    3334   <sect1>
    3335     <title>Version 5.0.4 (2015-09-08)</title>
    3336 
    3337     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    3338       added:</para>
    3339 
    3340     <itemizedlist>
    3341 
    3342       <listitem>
    3343         <para>VMM: fixed an issue with Windows 10 guest kernel debugging over the
    3344           network for Hyper-V paravirtualized VMs</para>
    3345       </listitem>
    3346 
    3347       <listitem>
    3348         <para>VMM: fixed a bug which prevented reading the saved state of the
    3349           'PATM' unit from VirtualBox 4.3.x (bug #14512)</para>
    3350       </listitem>
    3351 
    3352       <listitem>
    3353         <para>GUI: changed default OS type for Windows from Windows XP to Windows 7</para>
    3354       </listitem>
    3355 
    3356       <listitem>
    3357         <para>GUI: added another pre-defined guest screen resolution (bug #14384)</para>
    3358       </listitem>
    3359 
    3360       <listitem>
    3361         <para>GUI: fixed update check which was broken due to changing the
    3362           location of the root certificates (bug #13096)</para>
    3363       </listitem>
    3364 
    3365       <listitem>
    3366         <para>GUI: fixed issues with synchronization of Caps lock / Num  lock / Scroll
    3367           lock on Windows hosts (bug #14302)</para>
    3368       </listitem>
    3369 
    3370       <listitem>
    3371         <para>GUI: don't crash during VM shutdown if 2D video acceleration and 3D support
    3372           are enabled (Mac OS X hosts only)</para>
    3373       </listitem>
    3374 
    3375       <listitem>
    3376         <para>GUI: several seamless fixes for certain X11 window managers, also when
    3377           used in multi-screen setups</para>
    3378       </listitem>
    3379 
    3380       <listitem>
    3381         <para>GUI: Log window size, position and cursor-position fixes</para>
    3382       </listitem>
    3383 
    3384       <listitem>
    3385         <para>Audio: fixed playing leftover/deprecated audio samples</para>
    3386       </listitem>
    3387 
    3388       <listitem>
    3389         <para>Audio: fixed playing audio after suspending the host (5.0 regression;
    3390           Linux hosts using the ALSA backend)</para>
    3391       </listitem>
    3392 
    3393       <listitem>
    3394         <para>Audio: fixed playing short audio samples which were chopped off
    3395         formerly</para>
    3396       </listitem>
    3397 
    3398       <listitem>
    3399         <para>Audio: fixed distortions on OS X when the sample rate of the guest stream
    3400           and host device don't match</para>
    3401       </listitem>
    3402 
    3403       <listitem>
    3404         <para>Storage: fixed raw disk access and flat VMDK image access which would
    3405           be always opened readonly (5.0.2 regression; bugs #14425, #14461)</para>
    3406       </listitem>
    3407 
    3408       <listitem>
    3409         <para>Storage: fixed initial encryption of VDI images after they were
    3410           compacted (bug #14496)</para>
    3411       </listitem>
    3412 
    3413       <listitem>
    3414         <para>VGA: fix for certain graphics modes (bug #14516)</para>
    3415       </listitem>
    3416 
    3417       <listitem>
    3418         <para>NAT: don't freeze while the VM is paused if the network attachment
    3419           mode is changed from/to NAT with activated port forwarding</para>
    3420       </listitem>
    3421 
    3422       <listitem>
    3423         <para>OVF: fixed duplicate USB controller entries in exported OVA/OVF
    3424           (bug #14462)</para>
    3425       </listitem>
    3426 
    3427       <listitem>
    3428         <para>Shared Folders: fixed a path separator issue (bug #14434)</para>
    3429       </listitem>
    3430 
    3431       <listitem>
    3432         <para>Drag and drop: fixed crashes on OS X hosts when doing host-to-guest
    3433           transfers</para>
    3434       </listitem>
    3435 
    3436       <listitem>
    3437         <para>VBoxManage: another attempt to not deny changing the network adapter
    3438           type at VM runtime (5.0 regression; bug #14308)</para>
    3439       </listitem>
    3440 
    3441       <listitem>
    3442         <para>VBoxManage: fixed broken <emphasis>guestcontrol &lt;VM-Name&gt; list</emphasis>
    3443           command (5.0 regression)</para>
    3444       </listitem>
    3445 
    3446       <listitem>
    3447         <para>VBoxManage: fixed broken Guest Control stdout/stderr output (5.0 regression)</para>
    3448       </listitem>
    3449 
    3450       <listitem>
    3451         <para>Mac OS X hosts: fixed remaining problems with activated SMAP (Broadwell
    3452           and later; bug #14412)</para>
    3453       </listitem>
    3454 
    3455       <listitem>
    3456         <para>Mac OS X hosts: fixed broken 3D support (5.0.2 regression;
    3457           bug #14476)</para>
    3458       </listitem>
    3459 
    3460       <listitem>
    3461         <para>Linux hosts: Linux 4.2 fix</para>
    3462       </listitem>
    3463 
    3464       <listitem>
    3465         <para>Linux hosts: don't crash on older Linux distributions if the DBus
    3466           service isn't running (bug #14543)</para>
    3467       </listitem>
    3468 
    3469       <listitem>
    3470         <para>Windows hosts: fixed the <emphasis>VERR_LDR_MISMATCH_NATIVE</emphasis>
    3471           error message (bug #14420)</para>
    3472       </listitem>
    3473 
    3474       <listitem>
    3475         <para>Windows hosts: fix for Windows 10 build 10525 and later (bug #14502)</para>
    3476       </listitem>
    3477 
    3478       <listitem>
    3479         <para>Windows hosts: fixed network adapter enumeration on Windows 10 (bug #14437)</para>
    3480       </listitem>
    3481 
    3482       <listitem>
    3483         <para>Windows hosts: prevent intermittent host network disconnects during
    3484           VM start/shutdown with bridged networking (bug #14500)</para>
    3485       </listitem>
    3486 
    3487       <listitem>
    3488         <para>Windows Additions: fixed the call to the memory allocation function
    3489           (bug #14415)</para>
    3490       </listitem>
    3491 
    3492       <listitem>
    3493         <para>Linux Additions: be more forgiving if the compilation of the
    3494           vboxvideo module fails (bug #14547)</para>
    3495       </listitem>
    3496 
    3497       <listitem>
    3498         <para>X11 Additions: fixed a number of small issues with dynamic
    3499            resizing and full-screen and seamless modes</para>
    3500       </listitem>
    3501 
    3502     </itemizedlist>
    3503 
    3504   </sect1>
    3505   <sect1>
    3506     <title>Version 5.0.2 (2015-08-13)</title>
    3507 
    3508     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    3509       added:</para>
    3510 
    3511     <itemizedlist>
    3512 
    3513       <listitem>
    3514         <para>VMM: added support for guest crash report MSRs with Hyper-V
    3515           paravirtualization</para>
    3516       </listitem>
    3517 
    3518       <listitem>
    3519         <para>VMM: fixed an issue causing artificially high load averages on
    3520           Linux hosts</para>
    3521       </listitem>
    3522 
    3523       <listitem>
    3524         <para>VMM: fixed a kernel panic with thread-context hooks caused by
    3525           incompatible changes made to Linux 4.2 kernels</para>
    3526       </listitem>
    3527 
    3528       <listitem>
    3529         <para>VMM: fixed a saved state issue with VT-x/AMD-V disabled
    3530           (5.0 regression; bug #14304)</para>
    3531       </listitem>
    3532 
    3533       <listitem>
    3534         <para>VMM: fixed <emphasis>VERR_SUPDRV_TSC_DELTA_MEASUREMENT_FAILED</emphasis>
    3535           Guru Meditations on certain AMD CPUs (5.0 regression; bug #14370)</para>
    3536       </listitem>
    3537 
    3538       <listitem>
    3539         <para>VMM: fixed a crash while creating a guest core dumps via the VM
    3540           debug facility (5.0 regression)</para>
    3541       </listitem>
    3542 
    3543       <listitem>
    3544         <para>VMM: This release has AVX2 passthrough disabled on every host and
    3545           AVX passthrough disabled for 64-bit VMs on 32-bit hosts. This will be
    3546           properly fixed in a future 5.0.x maintenance release (see e.g. bug #14262)</para>
    3547       </listitem>
    3548 
    3549       <listitem>
    3550         <para>GUI: fixed rare hang and crash on VM shutdown/poweroff</para>
    3551       </listitem>
    3552 
    3553       <listitem>
    3554         <para>GUI: X11: fixed few crashes caused by the Qt <emphasis>alien
    3555             widgets</emphasis> feature</para>
    3556       </listitem>
    3557 
    3558       <listitem>
    3559         <para>GUI: X11: fixed various mini-toolbar geometry quirks like positioning, z-order,
    3560           transparency issues on certain window managers (bug #14257)</para>
    3561       </listitem>
    3562 
    3563       <listitem>
    3564         <para>GUI: X11: fixed mini-toolbar minimize button issue under certain window managers
    3565           (bug #14284)</para>
    3566       </listitem>
    3567 
    3568       <listitem>
    3569         <para>GUI: VM menu actions availability should now be properly updated on
    3570           full-screen/seamless/scaled mode switches</para>
    3571       </listitem>
    3572 
    3573       <listitem>
    3574         <para>GUI: disk encryption password validation should be performed
    3575           when user confirmed the password, not after each entered symbol</para>
    3576       </listitem>
    3577 
    3578       <listitem>
    3579         <para>GUI: do not change the VM/group selection in the VM Manager to the newly
    3580           created VM if it was created by another client (e.g. VBoxManage)</para>
    3581       </listitem>
    3582 
    3583       <listitem>
    3584         <para>GUI: Mac OS X: do not treat 'almost maximized' VM windows as 'maximized',
    3585           watch for the strict window geometry instead</para>
    3586       </listitem>
    3587 
    3588       <listitem>
    3589         <para>GUI: improve the quality in scaled mode under some circumstances
    3590           (5.0 regression; bug #14303)</para>
    3591       </listitem>
    3592 
    3593       <listitem>
    3594         <para>VBoxManage: do not deny changing the network adapter type at
    3595           VM runtime (5.0 regression; bug #14308)</para>
    3596       </listitem>
    3597 
    3598       <listitem>
    3599         <para>VRDP: allow Windows 10 RDP clients (bug #14216)</para>
    3600       </listitem>
    3601 
    3602       <listitem>
    3603         <para>Audio: fix a possible crash on VM process termination
    3604           (5.0 regression)</para>
    3605       </listitem>
    3606 
    3607       <listitem>
    3608         <para>Storage: improved raw disk access on OS X by unmounting
    3609           any accessed volume before first use and prevent any mount attempt
    3610           by the host (bug #14219)</para>
    3611       </listitem>
    3612 
    3613       <listitem>
    3614         <para>3D: basic support for saving/restoring display lists</para>
    3615       </listitem>
    3616 
    3617       <listitem>
    3618         <para>Drag and drop: fixed guest to host transfers on OS X hosts</para>
    3619       </listitem>
    3620 
    3621       <listitem>
    3622         <para>Drag and drop: fixed memory leak on Windows guests</para>
    3623       </listitem>
    3624 
    3625       <listitem>
    3626         <para>Shared Folders: fixed a problem with accessing CIFS shares
    3627           (bug #14252)</para>
    3628       </listitem>
    3629 
    3630       <listitem>
    3631         <para>Shared Folders: improved path conversion between hosts and
    3632           guests with different path separators (bug #14153)</para>
    3633       </listitem>
    3634 
    3635       <listitem>
    3636         <para>API: skip resetting of immutable media when the VM in saved
    3637           state is started (bug #13957)</para>
    3638       </listitem>
    3639 
    3640       <listitem>
    3641         <para>API: fixed method for setting medium IDs which used zero (invalid)
    3642           UUIDs instead random (valid) UUIDs if no UUIDs were passed (bug #14350)</para>
    3643       </listitem>
    3644 
    3645       <listitem>
    3646         <para>API: for Windows host fix detection of API client crashes which
    3647           have a session open</para>
    3648       </listitem>
    3649 
    3650       <listitem>
    3651         <para>OVF: properly export all VBox features including the setting
    3652           for paravirtualization (bug #14390)</para>
    3653       </listitem>
    3654 
    3655       <listitem>
    3656         <para>Mac OS X hosts: El Capitan USB fixes</para>
    3657       </listitem>
    3658 
    3659       <listitem>
    3660         <para>Windows hosts: fixed crash when opening Windows dialogs
    3661           from the VM process on Windows 10 (bug #14351)</para>
    3662       </listitem>
    3663 
    3664       <listitem>
    3665         <para>Windows hosts: fixed host-only adapter creation issues on
    3666           Windows 10 (bug #14040)</para>
    3667       </listitem>
    3668 
    3669       <listitem>
    3670         <para>Windows hosts: fixed audio on Windows 10 (bug #14432)</para>
    3671       </listitem>
    3672 
    3673       <listitem>
    3674         <para>Linux hosts: more fixes for activated SMAP on Linux 3.19
    3675           and newer (Broadwell and later; bug #13961)</para>
    3676       </listitem>
    3677 
    3678       <listitem>
    3679         <para>Linux hosts: check then name space before attaching to a host
    3680           network interface (bug #13795)</para>
    3681       </listitem>
    3682 
    3683       <listitem>
    3684         <para>Linux Additions: Linux 4.2 fixes (bug #14227)</para>
    3685       </listitem>
    3686 
    3687       <listitem>
    3688         <para>Linux Additions: improved the performance of
    3689           <emphasis>stat()</emphasis> to speed up certain file operations
    3690           on shared folders</para>
    3691       </listitem>
    3692 
    3693       <listitem>
    3694         <para>Windows Additions: fixed a potential crash in the WDDM driver
    3695           with Windows 10 (bug #14190)</para>
    3696       </listitem>
    3697 
    3698       <listitem>
    3699         <para>Solaris Additions: added support for X.Org Server 1.17</para>
    3700       </listitem>
    3701 
    3702       <listitem>
    3703         <para>X11 Additions: various seamless mode fixes, including
    3704            invisible windows under LXDE</para>
    3705       </listitem>
    3706 
    3707     </itemizedlist>
    3708   </sect1>
    3709 
    3710   <sect1>
    3711     <title>Version 5.0.0 (2015-07-09)</title>
    3712 
    3713     <para>This is a major update. The following major new features
    3714       were added:</para>
    3715 
    3716     <itemizedlist>
    3717 
    3718       <listitem>
    3719         <para>Paravirtualization support for Windows and Linux guests to improve
    3720           time-keeping accuracy and performance (see  <xref linkend="gimproviders" />)</para>
    3721       </listitem>
    3722 
    3723       <listitem>
    3724         <para>Make more instruction set extensions available to the guest when
    3725           running with hardware-assisted virtualization and nested paging. Among
    3726           others this includes: SSE 4.1, SSE4.2, AVX, AVX-2, AES-NI,
    3727           <emphasis>POPCNT</emphasis>, <emphasis>RDRAND</emphasis> and
    3728           <emphasis>RDSEED</emphasis></para>
    3729       </listitem>
    3730 
    3731       <listitem>
    3732         <para>xHCI Controller to support USB 3 devices
    3733           (see <xref linkend="settings-usb" />)</para>
    3734       </listitem>
    3735 
    3736       <listitem>
    3737         <para>Drag and drop support (bidirectional) for Windows, Linux and Solaris guests</para>
    3738       </listitem>
    3739 
    3740       <listitem>
    3741         <para>Disk image encryption (see <xref linkend="diskencryption" />)</para>
    3742       </listitem>
    3743 
    3744       <listitem>
    3745         <para>VMs can now be started in <emphasis>separate mode</emphasis>. The VM
    3746           process is started headless while the frontend runs as a separate process
    3747           which can be terminated without stopping the VM</para>
    3748       </listitem>
    3749 
    3750       <listitem>
    3751         <para>GUI: VM guest-content scaling support (including 3D acceleration)</para>
    3752       </listitem>
    3753 
    3754       <listitem>
    3755         <para>GUI: New User Interface settings page for customizing status-bar,
    3756           menu-bar and guest-content scaling</para>
    3757       </listitem>
    3758 
    3759       <listitem>
    3760         <para>GUI: New Encryption settings tab for customizing encryption options for
    3761           disk images</para>
    3762       </listitem>
    3763 
    3764       <listitem>
    3765         <para>GUI: HiDPI support including application icons and optional unscaled HiDPI
    3766           output on Mac OS X (including 3D acceleration)</para>
    3767       </listitem>
    3768 
    3769       <listitem>
    3770         <para>GUI: Hotplugging support for SATA disks</para>
    3771       </listitem>
    3772 
    3773       <listitem>
    3774         <para>New, modular audio architecture for providing a better abstraction of the host
    3775           audio backends</para>
    3776       </listitem>
    3777 
    3778       <listitem>
    3779         <para>Support for the NDIS6 networking framework on Windows (default on Vista
    3780           and later)</para>
    3781       </listitem>
    3782 
    3783     </itemizedlist>
    3784 
    3785     <para>In addition, the following items were fixed and/or added:</para>
    3786 
    3787     <itemizedlist>
    3788 
    3789       <listitem>
    3790         <para>VMM: improved timing on Solaris hosts with older VT-x hosts
    3791           without preemption timers</para>
    3792       </listitem>
    3793 
    3794       <listitem>
    3795         <para>VMM: further improvements for TSC frequency measurements and
    3796           guest timekeeping</para>
    3797       </listitem>
    3798 
    3799       <listitem>
    3800         <para>VMM: debug facility now includes the guest CPU's
    3801           FPU/SSE/extended state in the core dump</para>
    3802       </listitem>
    3803 
    3804       <listitem>
    3805         <para>VMM: fixed a hang under rare conditions on 32-bit hosts</para>
    3806       </listitem>
    3807 
    3808       <listitem>
    3809         <para>VMM: several fixes</para>
    3810       </listitem>
    3811 
    3812       <listitem>
    3813         <para>GUI: improved HID LEDs synchronization for Mac and Windows hosts.
    3814           The physical LEDs state now restored together with the VM state</para>
    3815       </listitem>
    3816 
    3817       <listitem>
    3818         <para>GUI: take the guest screen aspect ratio into account for the
    3819           preview window</para>
    3820       </listitem>
    3821 
    3822       <listitem>
    3823         <para>GUI: provide direct access to storage media in the VM selector</para>
    3824       </listitem>
    3825 
    3826       <listitem>
    3827         <para>GUI: allow to save the VM state from the selector even if the VM
    3828           is already paused</para>
    3829       </listitem>
    3830 
    3831       <listitem>
    3832         <para>VBoxManage: when exporting an appliance, support the suppression
    3833           of MAC addresses, which means they will be always recreated on
    3834           import, avoiding duplicate MAC addresses for VMs which are imported
    3835           several times</para>
    3836       </listitem>
    3837 
    3838       <listitem>
    3839         <para>VBoxManage: now supports renaming storage controllers and USB controllers</para>
    3840       </listitem>
    3841 
    3842       <listitem>
    3843         <para>Guest Control: major overhaul, for example fixing wrong parameter quoting
    3844           (bug #13157)</para>
    3845       </listitem>
    3846 
    3847       <listitem>
    3848         <para>USB: added USB traffic capturing (see <xref linkend="usbtrafficcapturing" />)</para>
    3849       </listitem>
    3850 
    3851       <listitem>
    3852         <para>Made resizing X11 guests work more reliably</para>
    3853       </listitem>
    3854 
    3855       <listitem>
    3856         <para>API: block the removal of the current snapshot if it has child
    3857           snapshots (only relevant for VMs without snapshottable hard disks,
    3858           their presence always prevented removal), which resulted in VM
    3859           config corruption</para>
    3860       </listitem>
    3861 
    3862       <listitem>
    3863         <para>API: mark VM configs with snapshots but without current snapshot
    3864           as inaccessible, as this combination is nonsense</para>
    3865       </listitem>
    3866 
    3867       <listitem>
    3868         <para>API: fix information for some automatically generated events
    3869            (only with XPCOM, Windows host was not affected), which caused
    3870            errors when getting some of the attributes over the webservice
    3871            (bug #12379)</para>
    3872       </listitem>
    3873 
    3874       <listitem>
    3875         <para>API: fix crashes in Java API clients using the XPCOM binding,
    3876           happened with output parameters only (bug #11232)</para>
    3877       </listitem>
    3878 
    3879       <listitem>
    3880         <para>API: a number of settings (e.g. network settings) can now also
    3881           be changed when the VM is in saved state</para>
    3882       </listitem>
    3883 
    3884       <listitem>
    3885         <para>API: fixed incorrect resuming of VMs on host-resume unless they were
    3886           previously paused due to a host-suspend</para>
    3887       </listitem>
    3888 
    3889       <listitem>
    3890         <para>API: don't lose the saved state and "current state changed" flag
    3891           during cloning of a VM</para>
    3892       </listitem>
    3893 
    3894       <listitem>
    3895         <para>API: OS type description consistency fix (bug #14162)</para>
    3896       </listitem>
    3897 
    3898       <listitem>
    3899         <para>VBoxSVC: don't keep the support driver permanently open</para>
    3900       </listitem>
    3901 
    3902       <listitem>
    3903         <para>Main/Properties: properly drop transient guest properties when
    3904           the VM is powered off</para>
    3905       </listitem>
    3906 
    3907       <listitem>
    3908         <para>VRDP: fixed a couple of races which may cause a crash during
    3909           VM poweroff</para>
    3910       </listitem>
    3911 
    3912       <listitem>
    3913         <para>ExtPack: don't fail if the TMP directory contains non-latin1
    3914           characters (bug #14159)</para>
    3915       </listitem>
    3916 
    3917       <listitem>
    3918         <para>3D: fix potential race in which might cause a crash on VM
    3919           termination</para>
    3920       </listitem>
    3921 
    3922       <listitem>
    3923         <para>3D: fixed a possible memory leak in the host service</para>
    3924       </listitem>
    3925 
    3926       <listitem>
    3927         <para>Serial: new TCP/IP backend (see <xref linkend="serialports"/>)</para>
    3928       </listitem>
    3929 
    3930       <listitem>
    3931         <para>Storage: added USB mass storage device class
    3932           (see <xref linkend="harddiskcontrollers"/>)</para>
    3933       </listitem>
    3934 
    3935       <listitem>
    3936         <para>Storage: added <emphasis>vbox-img</emphasis> standalone tool for
    3937           direct manipulation of virtual hard disk images without VBoxManage</para>
    3938       </listitem>
    3939 
    3940       <listitem>
    3941         <para>Storage: fixed crash as a result of I/O errors in certain conditions
    3942           (bug #13105)</para>
    3943       </listitem>
    3944 
    3945       <listitem>
    3946         <para>NAT: fixed several potential crashes</para>
    3947       </listitem>
    3948 
    3949       <listitem>
    3950         <para>NAT: don't forcibly reset/drop all connections when the link goes
    3951           down</para>
    3952       </listitem>
    3953 
    3954       <listitem>
    3955         <para>Netsniffer: properly handle changing of the trace file name
    3956           at VM runtime</para>
    3957       </listitem>
    3958 
    3959       <listitem>
    3960         <para>Audio: fixed audio output and input when changing the default audio device
    3961           more than once on OS X</para>
    3962       </listitem>
    3963 
    3964       <listitem>
    3965         <para>Audio: fixed audio input on OS X under certain circumstances</para>
    3966       </listitem>
    3967 
    3968       <listitem>
    3969         <para>ICH9: fixed the interrupt disable logic for MSI interrupts; should
    3970           fix old Linux guests with AHCI</para>
    3971       </listitem>
    3972 
    3973       <listitem>
    3974         <para>USB: improve playback with USB sound devices attached to the emulated
    3975           OHCI controller</para>
    3976       </listitem>
    3977 
    3978       <listitem>
    3979         <para>Audio: provide Linux guests a different AC'97 audio codec type so Linux
    3980           ALSA does not mis-detect the link speed (default for new VMs)</para>
    3981       </listitem>
    3982 
    3983       <listitem>
    3984         <para>BIOS: fix for booting from SCSI CD/DVD media</para>
    3985       </listitem>
    3986 
    3987       <listitem>
    3988         <para>BIOS: fix for reads partially beyond end of disk (bug #14021)</para>
    3989       </listitem>
    3990 
    3991       <listitem>
    3992         <para>VRDP: fixed listening for IPv6 on some systems (bug #14038)</para>
    3993       </listitem>
    3994 
    3995       <listitem>
    3996         <para>rdesktop-vrdp: upgraded to version 1.8.3</para>
    3997       </listitem>
    3998 
    3999       <listitem>
    4000         <para>Linux hosts: fixed a bug which made the netfilter driver ignore
    4001           certain events (bug #12264)</para>
    4002       </listitem>
    4003 
    4004       <listitem>
    4005         <para>Mac OS X hosts: El Capitan fixes</para>
    4006       </listitem>
    4007 
    4008       <listitem>
    4009         <para>Mac OS X hosts: fixed a bug which might trigger a host kernel panic
    4010           if a VM is started and another hypervisor is active</para>
    4011       </listitem>
    4012 
    4013       <listitem>
    4014         <para>Solaris hosts: Solaris 12 installer fix</para>
    4015       </listitem>
    4016 
    4017       <listitem>
    4018         <para>Guest Additions: added a heartbeat service
    4019           (see <xref linkend="heartbeatservice" />)</para>
    4020       </listitem>
    4021 
    4022       <listitem>
    4023         <para>Linux hosts / guests: support for Linux distributions using systemd
    4024           without sysv emulation (e.g. ArchLinux)</para>
    4025       </listitem>
    4026 
    4027       <listitem>
    4028         <para>Windows Additions/WDDM: improved video memory utilization and
    4029           allow more/bigger guest screens with large resolutions (including HiDPI)
    4030         </para>
    4031       </listitem>
    4032 
    4033       <listitem>
    4034         <para>Linux Additions: added <emphasis>-s</emphasis> parameter to
    4035           <emphasis>mount.vboxsf</emphasis> to be sloppy with invalid parameters</para>
    4036       </listitem>
    4037 
    4038       <listitem>
    4039         <para>X11 Additions: fixed wrong DPI value (bug #14151)</para>
    4040       </listitem>
    4041 
    4042       <listitem>
    4043         <para>Mac OS X guests: limit the CPU family for legacy guests</para>
    4044       </listitem>
    4045 
    4046       <listitem>
    4047         <para>Solaris Additions: added quiesce support to co-operate with Solaris'
    4048           fast-reboot feature</para>
    4049       </listitem>
    4050 
    4051     </itemizedlist>
    4052 
    4053   </sect1>
    4054 
    4055   <sect1>
    4056     <title>Version 4.3.28 (2015-05-13)</title>
    4057 
    4058     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    4059       added:</para>
    4060 
    4061     <itemizedlist>
    4062 
    4063       <listitem>
    4064         <para>VMM: fixed a Guru Meditation when rebooting certain guests (for
    4065           example Solaris doing fast reboot) by fixing the implementation for INIT IPI</para>
    4066       </listitem>
    4067 
    4068       <listitem>
    4069         <para>VMM: added some information for diagnosing rare
    4070           <emphasis>VERR_VMX_INVALID_VMXON_PTR</emphasis> Guru Meditations (VT-x only)</para>
    4071       </listitem>
    4072 
    4073       <listitem>
    4074         <para>GUI: HID LEDs sync: prevent synchronization if VM window has no focus
    4075           (Windows and Mac OS X hosts only)</para>
    4076       </listitem>
    4077 
    4078       <listitem>
    4079         <para>GUI: fixed drag and drop moving the cursor between guest screens on
    4080           certain hosts</para>
    4081       </listitem>
    4082 
    4083       <listitem>
    4084         <para>3D: fixed a crash on restoring the VM state on X11 hosts (bug #12737)</para>
    4085       </listitem>
    4086 
    4087       <listitem>
    4088         <para>3D: fixed a crash on restoring the VM state</para>
    4089       </listitem>
    4090 
    4091       <listitem>
    4092         <para>3D: fixed a crash on Linux guest shutdown (bug #12772)</para>
    4093       </listitem>
    4094 
    4095       <listitem>
    4096         <para>VRDP: fixed incompatibility with rdesktop 1.8.3</para>
    4097       </listitem>
    4098 
    4099       <listitem>
    4100         <para>VRDP: fixed listening for IPv6 on some systems (bug #14038)</para>
    4101       </listitem>
    4102 
    4103       <listitem>
    4104         <para>Storage: don't crash if creating an asynchronous I/O context
    4105           fails (e.g. when starting many VMs) and show a proper error message</para>
    4106       </listitem>
    4107 
    4108       <listitem>
    4109         <para>Floppy: several fixes</para>
    4110       </listitem>
    4111 
    4112       <listitem>
    4113         <para>Audio: improved the behavior of the volume control for the
    4114           HD audio device emulation</para>
    4115       </listitem>
    4116 
    4117       <listitem>
    4118         <para>USB: increase the number of supported drivers from 3 to 5
    4119           (Windows hosts only)</para>
    4120       </listitem>
    4121 
    4122       <listitem>
    4123         <para>PS/2 keyboard: synchronize the LED state on VM restore
    4124           (Windows and Mac OS X hosts only)</para>
    4125       </listitem>
    4126 
    4127       <listitem>
    4128         <para>NAT Network: when running multiple NAT networks with multiple VMs,
    4129           only stop the respective services when stopping VMs (bug #14090)</para>
    4130       </listitem>
    4131 
    4132       <listitem>
    4133         <para>NAT: don't kill UDP bindings on ICMP errors (bug #13475)</para>
    4134       </listitem>
    4135 
    4136       <listitem>
    4137         <para>NAT: bandwidth limit now works properly with NAT (bug #11485)</para>
    4138       </listitem>
    4139 
    4140       <listitem>
    4141         <para>BIOS: fixed the returned size value of the VBE 2.0 PMI function 0Ah
    4142           (4.2.0 regression; bug #14096)</para>
    4143       </listitem>
    4144 
    4145       <listitem>
    4146         <para>Guest Control: fixed parameter quoting in Windows guests
    4147           (bug #13157)</para>
    4148       </listitem>
    4149 
    4150       <listitem>
    4151         <para>Webcam passthrough improvements for Linux (V4L2) hosts to support more
    4152           webcam models</para>
    4153       </listitem>
    4154 
    4155       <listitem>
    4156         <para>API: don't fail starting a VM with <emphasis>VBOX_E_INVALID_OBJECT_STATE</emphasis>
    4157           under certain conditions (bug #13617)</para>
    4158       </listitem>
    4159 
    4160       <listitem>
    4161         <para>API: be more verbose on <emphasis>VBOX_E_INVALID_OBJECT_STATE</emphasis>
    4162           if a medium is attached to a running VM (bug #13560)</para>
    4163       </listitem>
    4164 
    4165       <listitem>
    4166         <para>API: fixed a bug which could result in losing certain screen resize
    4167           events with multi-monitor guests</para>
    4168       </listitem>
    4169 
    4170       <listitem>
    4171         <para>rdesktop-vrdp: fixed path to the keymaps (bug #12066)</para>
    4172       </listitem>
    4173 
    4174       <listitem>
    4175         <para>rdesktop-vrdp: switch to version 1.8.3</para>
    4176       </listitem>
    4177 
    4178       <listitem>
    4179         <para>Windows hosts: more hardening fixes (e.g. bugs #14051, #14052)</para>
    4180       </listitem>
    4181 
    4182       <listitem>
    4183         <para>Linux hosts: another fix for activated SMAP on Linux 3.19
    4184           and newer (Broadwell and later; bug #13961)</para>
    4185       </listitem>
    4186 
    4187       <listitem>
    4188         <para>Linux hosts: Linux 4.1 compile fix (bug #14081)</para>
    4189       </listitem>
    4190 
    4191       <listitem>
    4192         <para>Solaris hosts: fixed using of VNIC templates with Crossbow based
    4193           bridged networking to be compatible with vanity interface names</para>
    4194       </listitem>
    4195 
    4196       <listitem>
    4197         <para>Mac OS X hosts: fixed crash during VM termination under rare
    4198           circumstances</para>
    4199       </listitem>
    4200 
    4201       <listitem>
    4202         <para>Windows Additions/WDDM: improved video memory utilization and allow
    4203           more/bigger guest screens with large resolutions (including HiDPI)</para>
    4204       </listitem>
    4205 
    4206       <listitem>
    4207         <para>X11 Additions: prevent flickering when updating mouse cursor</para>
    4208       </listitem>
    4209 
    4210       <listitem>
    4211         <para>Solaris Additions: fixed incorrect usage of 'prtconf' while
    4212           installing Guest Additions (Solaris 10 only)</para>
    4213       </listitem>
    4214 
    4215     </itemizedlist>
    4216   </sect1>
    4217 
    4218   <sect1>
    4219     <title>Version 4.3.26 (2015-03-16)</title>
    4220 
    4221     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    4222       added:</para>
    4223 
    4224     <itemizedlist>
    4225 
    4226       <listitem>
    4227         <para>GUI: in the snapshots pane, protect the age of snapshots against
    4228           wrong host time (bug #13955)</para>
    4229       </listitem>
    4230 
    4231       <listitem>
    4232         <para>NAT Network: fixed a bug which prevented to propagate any DNS
    4233           name server / domain / search string information to the NAT network
    4234           (4.3.24 regression; bugs #13915, #13918)</para>
    4235       </listitem>
    4236 
    4237       <listitem>
    4238         <para>NAT Network: don't delay the shutdown of VBoxSVC on
    4239           Windows hosts</para>
    4240       </listitem>
    4241 
    4242       <listitem>
    4243         <para>Mouse support: the mouse could not be moved under rare
    4244           conditions if no Guest Additions are installed (4.3.24 regression;
    4245           bug #13935)</para>
    4246       </listitem>
    4247 
    4248       <listitem>
    4249         <para>Storage: if the guest ejects a virtual CD/DVD medium, make the
    4250           change permanent (bugs #9858, #12885)</para>
    4251       </listitem>
    4252 
    4253       <listitem>
    4254         <para>VGA: made saving secondary screen sizes possible in X11 guests</para>
    4255       </listitem>
    4256 
    4257       <listitem>
    4258         <para>SDK: fixed the VirtualBox.tlb file (4.3.20 regression; bug #13943)</para>
    4259       </listitem>
    4260 
    4261       <listitem>
    4262         <para>rdesktop-vrdp: make it work with USB devices again
    4263           (4.3.14 regression; bug #13901)</para>
    4264       </listitem>
    4265 
    4266       <listitem>
    4267         <para>USB: fixed a possible BSOD on Windows hosts under rare conditions</para>
    4268       </listitem>
    4269 
    4270       <listitem>
    4271         <para>iPXE: enable the HTTP download protocol on non-Linux hosts (bug #13628)</para>
    4272       </listitem>
    4273 
    4274       <listitem>
    4275         <para>Mac OS X hosts: don't panic on hosts with activated SMAP (Broadwell
    4276           and later; bug #13951)</para>
    4277       </listitem>
    4278 
    4279       <listitem>
    4280         <para>Linux hosts: don't crash Linux 4.0 hosts (bug #13835)</para>
    4281       </listitem>
    4282 
    4283     </itemizedlist>
    4284   </sect1>
    4285 
    4286   <sect1>
    4287     <title>Version 4.3.24 (2015-03-02)</title>
    4288 
    4289     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    4290       added:</para>
    4291 
    4292     <itemizedlist>
    4293 
    4294       <listitem>
    4295         <para>VMM: emulation fix for the <emphasis>ENTER</emphasis> instruction
    4296           under certain conditions; fixes Solaris 10 guests (VT-x without
    4297           unrestricted guest execution)</para>
    4298       </listitem>
    4299 
    4300       <listitem>
    4301         <para>VMM: fix for handling NMIs on Linux hosts with X2APIC enabled</para>
    4302       </listitem>
    4303 
    4304       <listitem>
    4305         <para>NAT/NAT Network: fix connection drops when the host's DHCP lease
    4306           was renewed (4.3.22 regression; Windows hosts only; bug #13839)</para>
    4307       </listitem>
    4308 
    4309       <listitem>
    4310         <para>NAT: don't crash on an empty domain list when switching the
    4311           DNS host configuration (4.3.22 regression; Mac OS X hosts only;
    4312           bug #13874)</para>
    4313       </listitem>
    4314 
    4315       <listitem>
    4316         <para>PXE: re-enable it on Windows hosts (4.3.22 regression; Windows hosts
    4317           only; bug #13842)
    4318         </para>
    4319       </listitem>
    4320 
    4321       <listitem>
    4322         <para>Shared Folders: fixed a problem with Windows guests (4.3.22 regression;
    4323           bug #13786)</para>
    4324       </listitem>
    4325 
    4326       <listitem>
    4327         <para>Audio: improved record quality when using the DirectSound audio
    4328           backend</para>
    4329       </listitem>
    4330 
    4331       <listitem>
    4332         <para>VBoxManage: when executing the <emphasis>controlvm</emphasis> command
    4333           take care that the corresponding VM runtime changes are saved permanently
    4334           (bug #13892)</para>
    4335       </listitem>
    4336 
    4337       <listitem>
    4338         <para>Windows Installer: properly install the 32-bit version of VBoxRes.dll
    4339           on 32-bit hosts (bug #13876)</para>
    4340       </listitem>
    4341 
    4342       <listitem>
    4343         <para>Linux hosts / guests: Linux 4.0 fixes (bug #13835)</para>
    4344       </listitem>
    4345 
    4346       <listitem>
    4347         <para>OS/2 Additions: fixed mouse integration (4.3.22 regression;
    4348           bug #13825)</para>
    4349       </listitem>
    4350 
    4351     </itemizedlist>
    4352   </sect1>
    4353 
    4354   <sect1>
    4355     <title>Version 4.3.22 (2015-02-12)</title>
    4356 
    4357     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    4358       added:</para>
    4359 
    4360     <itemizedlist>
    4361 
    4362       <listitem>
    4363         <para>VMM: refined measurement of TSC frequency on the host, improves
    4364           timekeeping for guests</para>
    4365       </listitem>
    4366 
    4367       <listitem>
    4368         <para>VMM: decreased CPU load resulting from guest MMIO writes to the
    4369           virtual APIC</para>
    4370       </listitem>
    4371 
    4372       <listitem>
    4373         <para>VMM: fixed interception of debug exceptions, observed while using
    4374           the dbx debugger on Solaris guests (VT-x only)</para>
    4375       </listitem>
    4376 
    4377       <listitem>
    4378         <para>GUI: 3D overlay window positioning code improved, fixed potential
    4379           misplacement of 3D accelerated guest graphics content</para>
    4380       </listitem>
    4381 
    4382       <listitem>
    4383         <para>GUI: fixed accident SSL authentication failures during update
    4384           check on Windows hosts (bug #12969)</para>
    4385       </listitem>
    4386 
    4387       <listitem>
    4388         <para>GUI: never send the "ACPI power" keyboard scancode to the guest,
    4389           we have the ACPI power button for that</para>
    4390       </listitem>
    4391 
    4392       <listitem>
    4393         <para>GUI: was unable to properly restore seamless mode VM from
    4394           snapshot/saved-state under some circumstances</para>
    4395       </listitem>
    4396 
    4397       <listitem>
    4398         <para>VBoxHeadless: don't crash if 3D is enabled in the VM settings
    4399           (bug #10250)</para>
    4400       </listitem>
    4401 
    4402       <listitem>
    4403         <para>ATA: fixed several passthrough issues (bugs #12310, #1360)</para>
    4404       </listitem>
    4405 
    4406       <listitem>
    4407         <para>Audio: fixed DirectSound failure when the the host has no audio
    4408           input device (Windows hosts only; bug #9205)</para>
    4409       </listitem>
    4410 
    4411       <listitem>
    4412         <para>SB16: fixed compatibility issue (bug #13769)</para>
    4413       </listitem>
    4414 
    4415       <listitem>
    4416         <para>Storage: fixed broken CD/DVD passthrough when using the
    4417           IDE controller (bug #12310)</para>
    4418       </listitem>
    4419 
    4420       <listitem>
    4421         <para>NAT: new ping proxy for Windows hosts (bug #11871)</para>
    4422       </listitem>
    4423 
    4424       <listitem>
    4425         <para>NAT: Properly report outbound connect(2) failures to
    4426           guest with TCP RST or ICMP (bug #10525)</para>
    4427       </listitem>
    4428 
    4429       <listitem>
    4430         <para>NAT Network: no need for frequent wakeups in VBoxNetDHCP
    4431           and VBoxNetNAT (bug #11681)</para>
    4432       </listitem>
    4433 
    4434       <listitem>
    4435         <para>Host-only adapter: prevent Windows from creating an "Unidentified
    4436           network" (bug #9688)</para>
    4437       </listitem>
    4438 
    4439       <listitem>
    4440         <para>Bridged Networking: don't leak host-to-guest traffic to
    4441           the wireless network when bridging to a wireless interface
    4442           (bug #13714)</para>
    4443       </listitem>
    4444 
    4445       <listitem>
    4446         <para>Main: fixed a possible race when changing the medium leading
    4447           to a deadlock under rare conditions (bug #13722)</para>
    4448       </listitem>
    4449 
    4450       <listitem>
    4451         <para>VBoxManage: fixed return code if starting a VM failed
    4452           (bug #13773)</para>
    4453       </listitem>
    4454 
    4455       <listitem>
    4456         <para>Settings: on Windows host, do not use environment variable HOME
    4457           at all, the settings location is derived from the user profile
    4458           directory (bug #7689)</para>
    4459       </listitem>
    4460 
    4461       <listitem>
    4462         <para>API: fixed 2 deadlock opportunities related to medium handling
    4463           (bugs #13789, #13801, thank you Alexander Urakov)</para>
    4464       </listitem>
    4465 
    4466       <listitem>
    4467         <para>API: fixed bug in XPCOM which created too few worker threads,
    4468           sporadically resulting in a deadlock (bug #13802, thank you Alexander
    4469           Urakov)</para>
    4470       </listitem>
    4471 
    4472       <listitem>
    4473         <para>SDK: fixed a garbage collection leak in the Python VirtualBox
    4474           webservice API binding (bug #13817)</para>
    4475       </listitem>
    4476 
    4477       <listitem>
    4478         <para>Linux hosts: fixes for activated SMAP (Broadwell and later,
    4479           bug #13820)</para>
    4480       </listitem>
    4481 
    4482       <listitem>
    4483         <para>X11 guests: prevent unwanted hiding of guest screens
    4484           on multi-monitor guests (bug #13287)</para>
    4485       </listitem>
    4486 
    4487       <listitem>
    4488         <para>X11 guests: added support for X.Org Server 1.17</para>
    4489       </listitem>
    4490 
    4491       <listitem>
    4492         <para>X11 Additions: fixed a memory leak in VBoxService if libdbus
    4493           is available but dbus-daemon isn't running (bug #13770)</para>
    4494       </listitem>
    4495 
    4496       <listitem>
    4497         <para>Windows Additions: prevent VBox WDDM driver from loading if host
    4498           reports weak OpenGL capabilities. 3D content now can be shown over
    4499           Remote Desktop connection</para>
    4500       </listitem>
    4501 
    4502       <listitem>
    4503         <para>Winodws Additions: some fixes for recent Windows 10 Previews</para>
    4504       </listitem>
    4505 
    4506       <listitem>
    4507         <para>Linux Additions: fixed a compatibility issue with 64-bit
    4508           Linux 2.4 kernels</para>
    4509       </listitem>
    4510 
    4511       <listitem>
    4512         <para>Linux Additions: fixed a potential use-after-free when unloading
    4513           the VBoxGuest module</para>
    4514       </listitem>
    4515 
    4516       <listitem>
    4517         <para>Linux Additions: Linux 3.19 fixes (bug #13741)</para>
    4518       </listitem>
    4519 
    4520     </itemizedlist>
    4521   </sect1>
    4522 
    4523   <sect1>
    4524     <title>Version 4.3.20 (2014-11-21)</title>
    4525 
    4526     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    4527       added:</para>
    4528 
    4529     <itemizedlist>
    4530 
    4531       <listitem>
    4532         <para>VMM: fixed reboot hang of 32-bit Windows SMP guests (bugs #13319,
    4533           #13462)</para>
    4534       </listitem>
    4535 
    4536       <listitem>
    4537         <para>VMM: proper <emphasis>Math Fault</emphasis> handling with certain
    4538           legacy guests (bug #9042, AMD hosts)</para>
    4539       </listitem>
    4540 
    4541       <listitem>
    4542         <para>VMM: fixed a Guru Meditation <emphasis>VINF_EM_TRIPLE_FAULT</emphasis>
    4543           on older CPUs that don't support MSR bitmaps (VT-x only;
    4544           bugs #13034, #13125, #13311, #13425, #13426, #13463, #13585)</para>
    4545       </listitem>
    4546 
    4547       <listitem>
    4548         <para>GUI: fix 3D overlay window reparenting issue when VM goes to
    4549           full-screen mode on X11 hosts</para>
    4550       </listitem>
    4551 
    4552       <listitem>
    4553         <para>GUI: fix occasional loss of focus in full-screen mode on X11
    4554            host systems (4.3.16 regression)</para>
    4555       </listitem>
    4556 
    4557       <listitem>
    4558         <para>GUI: Mac OS X: wizards should have Cancel button
    4559           (bug #12541)</para>
    4560       </listitem>
    4561 
    4562       <listitem>
    4563         <para>GUI: added a global option to prevent automatic raising of the
    4564           new window by mouse move with multi-screen guests (bug #8878)</para>
    4565       </listitem>
    4566 
    4567       <listitem>
    4568         <para>API: accept remote display port 0 as the default RDP port
    4569           (bug #8534)</para>
    4570       </listitem>
    4571 
    4572       <listitem>
    4573         <para>VBoxManage: fixed crash when executing <emphasis>showvminfo</emphasis>
    4574           command under certain circumstances (bug #13190)</para>
    4575       </listitem>
    4576 
    4577       <listitem>
    4578         <para>ACPI: fixed occassional Guru Meditations in ACPI timer code
    4579           (4.3.18 regression; bug #13521)</para>
    4580       </listitem>
    4581 
    4582       <listitem>
    4583         <para>EFI: improved performance of IDE disk access</para>
    4584       </listitem>
    4585 
    4586       <listitem>
    4587         <para>EFI: fixed a bug in the EFI video driver which prevented
    4588           Windows to boot in UEFI mode (bug #12022)</para>
    4589       </listitem>
    4590 
    4591       <listitem>
    4592         <para>EFI: properly announce the amount of RAM for big VMs
    4593           (bugs #11103 and #13211)</para>
    4594       </listitem>
    4595 
    4596       <listitem>
    4597         <para>Storage: fixed a crash under certain cicrumstances when a medium
    4598           was ejected from a drive attached to the SATA controller without
    4599           inserting a new medium before pausing or closing the VM
    4600           (4.3.16 regression) </para>
    4601       </listitem>
    4602 
    4603       <listitem>
    4604         <para>Storage: fixed an interrupt acknowledge issue causing hanging guests
    4605           or slower I/O (4.3.18 regression)</para>
    4606       </listitem>
    4607 
    4608       <listitem>
    4609         <para>Storage: fixed broken resume after the VM was suspended due to
    4610           a full disk if host I/O caching is used</para>
    4611       </listitem>
    4612 
    4613       <listitem>
    4614         <para>Storage: fixed a Guru Meditation under certain conditions when
    4615           using the DevLsiLogic controller with VMs running in software
    4616           virtualization mode (4.3 regression; bugs #12254, #12655, #12709,
    4617           #12774, #12886)</para>
    4618       </listitem>
    4619 
    4620       <listitem>
    4621         <para>Guest Control: fixed a bug which might lead to a crash during
    4622           recursive copy</para>
    4623       </listitem>
    4624 
    4625       <listitem>
    4626         <para>SDK: Java COM bindings fixes</para>
    4627       </listitem>
    4628 
    4629       <listitem>
    4630         <para>iPXE: enable the HTTP download protocol (bug #13628)</para>
    4631       </listitem>
    4632 
    4633       <listitem>
    4634         <para>Runtime: do not use a fixed stack size creating temporary threads
    4635            during initialization (bug #13038)</para>
    4636       </listitem>
    4637 
    4638       <listitem>
    4639         <para>Windows hosts: fixed more startup problems on certain Windows hosts due
    4640           to conflicts with anti-virus software; better error reporting
    4641           (4.3.14 regression; bug #13187)</para>
    4642       </listitem>
    4643 
    4644       <listitem>
    4645         <para>Windows hosts: fixed DirectSound host audio failure under certain conditions
    4646           (bug #13418)</para>
    4647       </listitem>
    4648 
    4649       <listitem>
    4650         <para>Windows hosts: fixed additional cases of 4.3.14 regression
    4651           whereby AltGr stopped working for some people (bug #13216)</para>
    4652       </listitem>
    4653 
    4654       <listitem>
    4655         <para>Windows Additions: preserve guest monitor layout when resizing
    4656           Windows 7 or newer guests</para>
    4657       </listitem>
    4658 
    4659       <listitem>
    4660         <para>Linux Additions: Linux 3.18 compile fixes (bug #13515)</para>
    4661       </listitem>
    4662 
    4663     </itemizedlist>
    4664   </sect1>
    4665 
    4666   <sect1>
    4667     <title>Version 4.3.18 (2014-10-10)</title>
    4668 
    4669     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    4670       added:</para>
    4671 
    4672     <itemizedlist>
    4673 
    4674       <listitem>
    4675         <para>VMM: fixed a potential misbehavior after restoring the A20 state
    4676           from a saved state</para>
    4677       </listitem>
    4678 
    4679       <listitem>
    4680         <para>GUI: fixed full-screen mode mini-toolbar related regressions
    4681           for different platforms and window managers (bug #13369)</para>
    4682       </listitem>
    4683 
    4684       <listitem>
    4685         <para>GUI: X11: fixed full-screen mode Unity panels quirk caused by
    4686           mini-toolbar code changes in last release (bug #13365)</para>
    4687       </listitem>
    4688 
    4689       <listitem>
    4690         <para>GUI: X11: added possibility to use legacy full-screen mode
    4691           as the new one can cause multi-screen issues under Unity, see
    4692           <xref linkend="legacy-fullscreen-mode" xreflabel="here"/> (bug #13365)</para>
    4693       </listitem>
    4694 
    4695       <listitem>
    4696         <para>GUI: Mac OS X: fixed full-screen mode artifact causing black screen
    4697            when 3D acceleration was enabled on 10.10 Yosemite hosts (bug #13448)</para>
    4698       </listitem>
    4699 
    4700       <listitem>
    4701         <para>GUI: Mac OS X: fixed regression in user-space swiping from/to
    4702           VBox in full-screen mode</para>
    4703       </listitem>
    4704 
    4705       <listitem>
    4706         <para>GUI: Mac OS X: fixed issue with switching to VBox in full-screen
    4707           mode through Alt+Tab and Mission Control</para>
    4708       </listitem>
    4709 
    4710       <listitem>
    4711         <para>Storage: fixed data corruption when resizing huge VHD images under
    4712           certain circumstances (bug #11960)</para>
    4713       </listitem>
    4714 
    4715       <listitem>
    4716         <para>Storage: fixed a rare hang during startup when the BIOS enumerates the
    4717           storage devices attached to the SATA controller</para>
    4718       </listitem>
    4719 
    4720       <listitem>
    4721         <para>Storage: follow the spec with AHCI interrupt acknowledge (bug #13474)</para>
    4722       </listitem>
    4723 
    4724       <listitem>
    4725         <para>Storage: fixed broken iSCSI authentication (4.3.14 regression; bugs #13386,
    4726           #13435)</para>
    4727       </listitem>
    4728 
    4729       <listitem>
    4730         <para>NAT Network: properly parse port forwarding rules to allow UDP
    4731           rules</para>
    4732       </listitem>
    4733 
    4734       <listitem>
    4735         <para>USB: fixed a crash on Linux hosts with older Linux kernels (bug #13400) and
    4736           several other fixes</para>
    4737       </listitem>
    4738 
    4739       <listitem>
    4740         <para>ACPI: fixed ACPI timer anomalies (bug #12076)</para>
    4741       </listitem>
    4742 
    4743       <listitem>
    4744         <para>Guest Control: fixed a memory leak (bug #13434)</para>
    4745       </listitem>
    4746 
    4747       <listitem>
    4748         <para>Main: when removing a VM, do also remove the VBoxStartup.log file
    4749           which might exist on Windows hosts (bug #13478)</para>
    4750       </listitem>
    4751 
    4752       <listitem>
    4753         <para>Windows hosts: fixed more startup problems on certain Windows hosts due
    4754           to conflicts with anti-virus software; better error reporting
    4755           (4.3.14 regression; bug #13187)</para>
    4756       </listitem>
    4757 
    4758       <listitem>
    4759         <para>Windows hosts: propagate the process startup information to the child
    4760           process (4.3.14 regression; bug #13243)</para>
    4761       </listitem>
    4762 
    4763       <listitem>
    4764         <para>Mac OS X hosts: don't force using the discrete GPU (bug #11111)</para>
    4765       </listitem>
    4766 
    4767       <listitem>
    4768         <para>Windows Additions: some Windows 10 tweaks</para>
    4769       </listitem>
    4770 
    4771       <listitem>
    4772         <para>X11 guests: fix a bug handling video driver display properties
    4773            which prevented GNOME Shell on Fedora 21 from starting</para>
    4774       </listitem>
    4775 
    4776       <listitem>
    4777         <para>Linux hosts / guests: fixed a few remaining warnings in the kernel
    4778           log if memory allocation fails (bug #11171)</para>
    4779       </listitem>
    4780 
    4781     </itemizedlist>
    4782   </sect1>
    4783 
    4784   <sect1>
    4785     <title>Version 4.3.16 (2014-09-09)</title>
    4786 
    4787     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    4788       added:</para>
    4789 
    4790     <itemizedlist>
    4791 
    4792       <listitem>
    4793         <para>VMM: fixed restoring 32-bit FPU state on 64-bit capable VMs
    4794           and restoring guest FPU in raw-mode VMs (bug #12646; 4.3 regression)</para>
    4795       </listitem>
    4796 
    4797       <listitem>
    4798         <para>GUI: properly restore normal/scale mode guest-screen size
    4799           after exiting full-screen/seamless mode</para>
    4800       </listitem>
    4801 
    4802       <listitem>
    4803         <para>GUI: mini-toolbar should provoke less artifacts/conflicts with
    4804           3D guest rendering</para>
    4805       </listitem>
    4806 
    4807       <listitem>
    4808         <para>GUI: Mac OS X: Native full-screen multi-screen transition
    4809           was able to blackout host-screens for nearly minute</para>
    4810       </listitem>
    4811 
    4812       <listitem>
    4813         <para>GUI: X11: Modern window managers should now use native full-screen
    4814           multi-screen mapping API</para>
    4815       </listitem>
    4816 
    4817       <listitem>
    4818         <para>GUI: added extradata item for configuring the mouse capture
    4819           behavior, see <xref linkend="mouse-capture" xreflabel="here"/>
    4820           (bug #3506)</para>
    4821       </listitem>
    4822 
    4823       <listitem>
    4824         <para>Storage: fixed a VBoxSVC crash when querying an iSCSI target with
    4825           authentication configured (4.3.14 regression)</para>
    4826       </listitem>
    4827 
    4828       <listitem>
    4829         <para>Storage: fixed a rare data corruption during reads if another
    4830           allocating write is running concurrently and accesses the same range</para>
    4831       </listitem>
    4832 
    4833       <listitem>
    4834         <para>Storage: fixed a rare crash for certain VHD images from other products</para>
    4835       </listitem>
    4836 
    4837       <listitem>
    4838         <para>Storage: fixed a rare release assertion when using the AHCI controller</para>
    4839       </listitem>
    4840 
    4841       <listitem>
    4842         <para>Floppy: fixed read errors and guest memory corruption when running
    4843           under control of QEMM</para>
    4844       </listitem>
    4845 
    4846       <listitem>
    4847         <para>3D: added experimental support for rendering on offline GPUs for Mac OS X host</para>
    4848       </listitem>
    4849 
    4850       <listitem>
    4851         <para>3D: fixed white window appearing on entering FullScreen mode on Mac OS X host</para>
    4852       </listitem>
    4853 
    4854       <listitem>
    4855         <para>3D: fixed video recording support for 3D data regression (bug #13073)</para>
    4856       </listitem>
    4857 
    4858       <listitem>
    4859         <para>3D: fixes for MS Office 2013 support</para>
    4860       </listitem>
    4861 
    4862       <listitem>
    4863         <para>3D: several fixes</para>
    4864       </listitem>
    4865 
    4866       <listitem>
    4867         <para>Bridged Networking: improved IPv6 support when bridging
    4868           to a wireless interface</para>
    4869       </listitem>
    4870 
    4871       <listitem>
    4872         <para>NAT: prevent internal DNS service from stuck in host-resolver mode
    4873           when host was switched from one network to another one while host was
    4874           sleeping (Mac OS X hosts)</para>
    4875       </listitem>
    4876 
    4877       <listitem>
    4878         <para>NAT: preserve DF (if possible) and TOS when proxying
    4879           outbound UDP datagrams (bugs #9440, #12309)</para>
    4880       </listitem>
    4881 
    4882       <listitem>
    4883         <para>NAT: don't let multicast datagrams out (bug #7338)</para>
    4884       </listitem>
    4885 
    4886       <listitem>
    4887         <para>NAT: fixed handling of large incoming UDP datagrams on
    4888           Windows hosts (bug #12136)</para>
    4889       </listitem>
    4890 
    4891       <listitem>
    4892         <para>NAT: fixed handling of the RFC 1533 DHCP PAD option</para>
    4893       </listitem>
    4894 
    4895       <listitem>
    4896         <para>NAT Network: fixed inbound half-close on Windows hosts</para>
    4897       </listitem>
    4898 
    4899       <listitem>
    4900         <para>NAT Network: preserve IPv4 DF (if possible), TTL, TOS
    4901           and IPv6 Hop Limit when proxying outbound UDP
    4902           datagrams</para>
    4903       </listitem>
    4904 
    4905       <listitem>
    4906         <para>VRDP: fixed a rare crash when using remote audio input</para>
    4907       </listitem>
    4908 
    4909       <listitem>
    4910         <para>USB: fixed several regressions from 4.3.14 (bug #13320)</para>
    4911       </listitem>
    4912 
    4913       <listitem>
    4914         <para>Audio: made the HDA sound emulation work with certain Mac OS X guests
    4915           (e.g. Mountain Lion)</para>
    4916       </listitem>
    4917 
    4918       <listitem>
    4919         <para>Windows hosts: fixed startup problems on certain Windows hosts due
    4920           to conflicts with anti-virus software (4.3.14 regression; bug #13187)</para>
    4921       </listitem>
    4922 
    4923       <listitem>
    4924         <para>Windows hosts: fixed 4.3.14 regression whereby AltGr stopped
    4925           working for some people (bug #13216)</para>
    4926       </listitem>
    4927 
    4928       <listitem>
    4929         <para>X11 hosts: made the extra key on Brazilian Thinkpads work
    4930           (bug #8745)</para>
    4931       </listitem>
    4932 
    4933       <listitem>
    4934         <para>X11 hosts: fixed a problem of input focus cycles and immediately
    4935            released key presses in full screen mode (bug #13238)</para>
    4936       </listitem>
    4937 
    4938       <listitem>
    4939         <para>Linux hosts: fixed flooding the kernel log with USB related messages
    4940            when passing through certain USB devices to a VM (bug #13085)</para>
    4941       </listitem>
    4942 
    4943       <listitem>
    4944         <para>Linux guests: stop applications crashing when <emphasis>drm_wait_vblank</emphasis>
    4945            is called (bug #13265)</para>
    4946       </listitem>
    4947 
    4948       <listitem>
    4949         <para>Linux guests: fix a crash in gnome-session (bug #13335)</para>
    4950       </listitem>
    4951 
    4952       <listitem>
    4953         <para>X11 guests: do not start VBoxClient over an SSH connection
    4954            (bug #13107)</para>
    4955       </listitem>
    4956 
    4957       <listitem>
    4958         <para>X11 guests: added support for X.Org Server 1.16 (bug #13207)</para>
    4959       </listitem>
    4960 
    4961       <listitem>
    4962         <para>X11 guests: fixed a wrong parameter in the video driver which
    4963           caused problems with full-screen X11 clients (bug #2748)</para>
    4964       </listitem>
    4965 
    4966       <listitem>
    4967         <para>VirtualKD: introduced stub/loader device for speeding up Windows
    4968           kernel debugging, details see <ulink type=""
    4969           url="http://virtualkd.sysprogs.org/">http://virtualkd.sysprogs.org/</ulink></para>
    4970       </listitem>
    4971 
    4972     </itemizedlist>
    4973   </sect1>
    4974 
    4975   <sect1>
    4976     <title>Version 4.3.14 (2014-07-15)</title>
    4977 
    4978     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    4979       added:</para>
    4980 
    4981     <itemizedlist>
    4982 
    4983       <listitem>
    4984         <para>VMM: more fixes for MSR emulation on certain hardware (bugs
    4985           #12784, #12949, #13034)</para>
    4986       </listitem>
    4987 
    4988       <listitem>
    4989         <para>VMM: improve MSI handling under rare circumstances (only
    4990           relevant for the ICH9 chipset)</para>
    4991       </listitem>
    4992 
    4993       <listitem>
    4994         <para>VMM: fixed #UD exception for 64-bit guests with the EFER.SCE bit
    4995           and the <emphasis>SYSCALL</emphasis> instruction (VT-x only;
    4996           4.3 regression; bug #13008)</para>
    4997       </listitem>
    4998 
    4999       <listitem>
    5000         <para>VMM: fixed timekeeping after resuming SMP guests</para>
    5001       </listitem>
    5002 
    5003       <listitem>
    5004         <para>VMM: properly wake up a halted VCPU on NMI/SMI</para>
    5005       </listitem>
    5006 
    5007       <listitem>
    5008         <para>GUI: fixed a potential crash</para>
    5009       </listitem>
    5010 
    5011       <listitem>
    5012         <para>GUI: fixed stuck AltGr key on Windows hosts (bug #2537)</para>
    5013       </listitem>
    5014 
    5015       <listitem>
    5016         <para>GUI: fixed a potential error during the version check</para>
    5017       </listitem>
    5018 
    5019       <listitem>
    5020         <para>GUI: shortcut change should not require Enter/Return (or other
    5021           trigger) to confirm (bugs #12828, #12847, #12937, #13087)</para>
    5022       </listitem>
    5023 
    5024       <listitem>
    5025         <para>GUI: fixed update check which was broken due to changing the
    5026           location of the root certificates (bug #13096)</para>
    5027       </listitem>
    5028 
    5029       <listitem>
    5030         <para>VBoxManage: fixed typo in <emphasis>showvminfo --machinereadable</emphasis>
    5031           (bug #13176)</para>
    5032       </listitem>
    5033 
    5034       <listitem>
    5035         <para>NAT: fixed inbound half-close (bug #13116)</para>
    5036       </listitem>
    5037 
    5038       <listitem>
    5039         <para>NAT: fixed slow upload speed under certain conditions
    5040           (bug #10034)</para>
    5041       </listitem>
    5042 
    5043       <listitem>
    5044         <para>NAT Network: fixed potential loss of inbound TCP data</para>
    5045       </listitem>
    5046 
    5047       <listitem>
    5048         <para>NAT Network: fixed potential infinite stalls of TCP
    5049           connections over IPv6</para>
    5050       </listitem>
    5051 
    5052       <listitem>
    5053         <para>NAT Network: fixed resets of TCP connections on Windows
    5054           hosts</para>
    5055       </listitem>
    5056 
    5057       <listitem>
    5058         <para>NAT Network: fixed inbound half-close on Mac OS X hosts</para>
    5059       </listitem>
    5060 
    5061       <listitem>
    5062         <para>NAT Network: fixed socket leak on Solaris hosts</para>
    5063       </listitem>
    5064 
    5065       <listitem>
    5066         <para>NAT Network: fixed ping of mapped host loopback on Mac OS X
    5067           and Solaris hosts, fixed proxying of IMCP errors on Mac OS X</para>
    5068       </listitem>
    5069 
    5070       <listitem>
    5071         <para>Host-Only Network: fixed SNMP <emphasis>ifConnectorPresent</emphasis>
    5072           value on Windows (bug #13143)</para>
    5073       </listitem>
    5074 
    5075       <listitem>
    5076         <para>Storage: fixed a possible crash with CD/DVD passthrough under
    5077           certain circumstances</para>
    5078       </listitem>
    5079 
    5080       <listitem>
    5081         <para>Storage: fixed a crash when trying to open an inaccessible QED
    5082           or QCOW image (bug #12613)</para>
    5083       </listitem>
    5084 
    5085       <listitem>
    5086         <para>Storage: fixed data corruption or read errors under rare
    5087           circumstances</para>
    5088       </listitem>
    5089 
    5090       <listitem>
    5091         <para>AHCI: fixed a crash under rare circumstances</para>
    5092       </listitem>
    5093 
    5094       <listitem>
    5095         <para>USB: performance fixes</para>
    5096       </listitem>
    5097 
    5098       <listitem>
    5099         <para>ICH9: properly reset MSI capability on reset</para>
    5100       </listitem>
    5101 
    5102       <listitem>
    5103         <para>Keyboard: active modifier keys during suspend were stuck after
    5104           resuming the host</para>
    5105       </listitem>
    5106 
    5107       <listitem>
    5108         <para>3D: fixed misbehavior with huge guests (i.e. guest more than
    5109           4GB guest memory</para>
    5110       </listitem>
    5111 
    5112       <listitem>
    5113         <para>3D: several fixes</para>
    5114       </listitem>
    5115 
    5116       <listitem>
    5117         <para>API: properly detect the Windows 8.1 guest OS type (bug #13090)</para>
    5118       </listitem>
    5119 
    5120       <listitem>
    5121         <para>ExtPack: cleanup of dangling uninstallation directories</para>
    5122       </listitem>
    5123 
    5124       <listitem>
    5125         <para>Linux hosts / guests: compile fix for EL7 (bug #12638)</para>
    5126       </listitem>
    5127 
    5128       <listitem>
    5129         <para>Linux Additions: made 3D pass-through work with recent versions
    5130           of Mesa in the guest (bug #12941)</para>
    5131       </listitem>
    5132 
    5133       <listitem>
    5134         <para>Linux Additions: Linux 3.16 fixes (bug #13123)</para>
    5135       </listitem>
    5136 
    5137       <listitem>
    5138         <para>Mac OS X hosts: when scanning for host CD/DVD devices also consider
    5139           BlueRay devices</para>
    5140       </listitem>
    5141 
    5142       <listitem>
    5143         <para>Mac OS X hosts: fixed host shutdown and reboot delay caused by running VBoxSVC
    5144           process in some cases</para>
    5145       </listitem>
    5146 
    5147       <listitem>
    5148         <para>OS/2 Additions: fixed gengradd.dll library name (bug #12785)</para>
    5149       </listitem>
    5150 
    5151       <listitem>
    5152         <para>Solaris Additions: fixed permissions of files and directories
    5153         located on shared folders</para>
    5154       </listitem>
    5155 
    5156       <listitem>
    5157         <para>Windows host installer: fixed the need for rebooting Windows after
    5158           installation or upgrade, extended logging for NetFlt/NetAdp (un)installation</para>
    5159       </listitem>
    5160 
    5161     </itemizedlist>
    5162 
    5163   </sect1>
    5164 
    5165   <sect1>
    5166     <title>Version 4.3.12 (2014-05-16)</title>
    5167 
    5168     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    5169       added:</para>
    5170 
    5171     <itemizedlist>
    5172 
    5173       <listitem>
    5174         <para>VMM: fixed an occasional Guru Meditation (Mac OS X hosts only;
    5175           bugs #12727, #12954)</para>
    5176       </listitem>
    5177 
    5178       <listitem>
    5179         <para>VMM: fixed a rare condition that would fail to invalidate guest TLB
    5180           entries or would invalidate them when not required (Windows hosts only)</para>
    5181       </listitem>
    5182 
    5183       <listitem>
    5184         <para>VMM: fixed a <emphasis>VERR_NOT_SUPPORTED</emphasis> Guru Meditation
    5185           seen with certain guests, e.g. OpenServer 5.0.7</para>
    5186       </listitem>
    5187 
    5188       <listitem>
    5189         <para>VMM: more fixes for MSR emulation on certain hardware (bugs #12240,
    5190           #12875)</para>
    5191       </listitem>
    5192 
    5193       <listitem>
    5194         <para>GUI: fixed mouse positioning with mouse integration disabled and
    5195           multiple guest screens (Windows hosts only; bug #9059)</para>
    5196       </listitem>
    5197 
    5198       <listitem>
    5199         <para>GUI: fixed crash in VM manager (bug #12878)</para>
    5200       </listitem>
    5201 
    5202       <listitem>
    5203         <para>GUI: fixed crash under rare conditions on entering/exiting
    5204           full-screen/seamless mode</para>
    5205       </listitem>
    5206 
    5207       <listitem>
    5208         <para>Shared Clipboard: don't stop working after taking a snapshot
    5209           (bug #12700)</para>
    5210       </listitem>
    5211 
    5212       <listitem>
    5213         <para>AHCI: fixed a crash under rare circumstances</para>
    5214       </listitem>
    5215 
    5216       <listitem>
    5217         <para>API: fixed a hang during VM shutdown under rare conditions</para>
    5218       </listitem>
    5219 
    5220       <listitem>
    5221         <para>NAT: fixed generation of malformed ICMP error datagrams (4.3.10 regression)</para>
    5222       </listitem>
    5223 
    5224       <listitem>
    5225         <para>NAT: fixed potential crash in DNS proxy</para>
    5226       </listitem>
    5227 
    5228       <listitem>
    5229         <para>NAT Network: don't drop port forwarding rules after some time</para>
    5230       </listitem>
    5231 
    5232       <listitem>
    5233         <para>NAT: fixed ARP cache corruption and network loss in Windows guest caused
    5234           by iSCSI service activity</para>
    5235       </listitem>
    5236 
    5237       <listitem>
    5238         <para>USB: improved check if a storage device is currently mounted to the host
    5239           when the device is about to be attached to the VM (Mac OS X hosts only; #11038)</para>
    5240       </listitem>
    5241 
    5242       <listitem>
    5243         <para>3D support: several fixes, including better support for Ubuntu 14.04</para>
    5244       </listitem>
    5245 
    5246       <listitem>
    5247         <para>VRDP: fixed a potential crash on client disconnect (bug #12858)</para>
    5248       </listitem>
    5249 
    5250       <listitem>
    5251         <para>VBoxSVC: fixed a race when a new client is started a few seconds after
    5252           the last client terminated (Windows hosts only; bugs #11309, #12509)</para>
    5253       </listitem>
    5254 
    5255       <listitem>
    5256         <para>VBoxSVC: fixed VirtualBox.xml registry corruption after VM renaming</para>
    5257       </listitem>
    5258 
    5259       <listitem>
    5260         <para>VBoxSVC: fixed a potential crash caused by incorrect USB device filter
    5261           (Mac OS X hosts only; #11038)</para>
    5262       </listitem>
    5263 
    5264       <listitem>
    5265         <para>Windows hosts: partly support 32-bit COM on 64-bit systems</para>
    5266       </listitem>
    5267 
    5268       <listitem>
    5269         <para>Windows host installer: implemented merge module (msm) support</para>
    5270       </listitem>
    5271 
    5272       <listitem>
    5273         <para>Linux hosts: fixed dependency of boot script on older Debian systems
    5274           (bug #12262)</para>
    5275       </listitem>
    5276 
    5277       <listitem>
    5278         <para>Linux guests: fix symbolic link to shared folder helper
    5279           (bug #12879)</para>
    5280       </listitem>
    5281 
    5282       <listitem>
    5283         <para>Linux Additions: don't crash VBoxService during guest execute for
    5284           users without a password (bug #12994)</para>
    5285       </listitem>
    5286 
    5287       <listitem>
    5288         <para>Linux Additions: fixed a bug in guest execution where the guest process
    5289           terminated with <emphasis>VERR_INTERRUPTED</emphasis> to the host</para>
    5290       </listitem>
    5291 
    5292     </itemizedlist>
    5293 
    5294   </sect1>
    5295 
    5296   <sect1>
    5297     <title>Version 4.3.10 (2014-03-26)</title>
    5298 
    5299     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    5300       added:</para>
    5301 
    5302     <itemizedlist>
    5303 
    5304       <listitem>
    5305         <para>VMM: more work on improving the emulation of certain MSR registers
    5306           on certain host CPUs (e.g. bugs #12734, #12736, #12744, #12748, #12686,
    5307           #12770)</para>
    5308       </listitem>
    5309 
    5310       <listitem>
    5311         <para>VMM: fixed single-stepping for real-mode guests (VT-x without
    5312           unrestricted guest execution) and some I/O instructions (bug #12636)</para>
    5313       </listitem>
    5314 
    5315       <listitem>
    5316         <para>VMM: fixed a potential problem with COW pages if nested paging is
    5317           not available</para>
    5318       </listitem>
    5319 
    5320       <listitem>
    5321         <para>GUI: Mac OS X: experimental native full screen support for
    5322           Mountain Lion and Mavericks (bug #12292)</para>
    5323       </listitem>
    5324 
    5325       <listitem>
    5326         <para>GUI: Mac OS X: removed the mini-toolbar minimize button which
    5327           doesn't work under Mac OS X full screen mode anyway</para>
    5328       </listitem>
    5329 
    5330       <listitem>
    5331         <para>GUI: experimental HID LEDs synchronization for Windows and Mac OS X hosts:
    5332           fixed keyboard re-synchronization if the feature is disabled (as done by default;
    5333           bug #12758)</para>
    5334       </listitem>
    5335 
    5336       <listitem>
    5337         <para>GUI: fixed a potential crash when opening the preferences menu
    5338           (bug #12862)</para>
    5339       </listitem>
    5340 
    5341       <listitem>
    5342         <para>OVF: fixed a crash of the VirtualBox Manager when re-starting guest
    5343           export (bug #12586)</para>
    5344       </listitem>
    5345 
    5346       <listitem>
    5347         <para>3D support: several fixes</para>
    5348       </listitem>
    5349 
    5350       <listitem>
    5351         <para>HGCM: fixed a problem with saved states which could cause several
    5352           guest misbehavior after a VM was started from a saved state</para>
    5353       </listitem>
    5354 
    5355       <listitem>
    5356         <para>Storage: fixed a bug preventing to compact differential snapshots
    5357         under certain conditions</para>
    5358       </listitem>
    5359 
    5360       <listitem>
    5361         <para>VBoxSVC: fixed a segmentation fault on Linux hosts if a very long path
    5362           exists under /dev (bug #12760)</para>
    5363       </listitem>
    5364 
    5365       <listitem>
    5366         <para>API: fixed guest misbehavior under certain conditions if a storage
    5367           medium was attached or removed at VM runtime</para>
    5368       </listitem>
    5369 
    5370       <listitem>
    5371         <para>Windows installer: make the <emphasis>--silent</emphasis>
    5372           parameter work again (bug #12764)</para>
    5373       </listitem>
    5374 
    5375       <listitem>
    5376         <para>Mac OS X Networking: prevent local traffic (VM-to/from-host) from
    5377           leaking to wire (bug #12750)</para>
    5378       </listitem>
    5379 
    5380       <listitem>
    5381         <para>Windows Additions: fixed the environment for guest processes
    5382           (4.3.8 regression; bug #12782)</para>
    5383       </listitem>
    5384 
    5385       <listitem>
    5386         <para>Windows Additions/WDDM: fixed divide by zero exception with
    5387           multiple guest screens under certain conditions</para>
    5388       </listitem>
    5389 
    5390       <listitem>
    5391         <para>Windows Additions/WDDM: fixed crashes with 2D video
    5392           acceleration enabled (4.3.8 regression; bug #12745)</para>
    5393       </listitem>
    5394 
    5395       <listitem>
    5396         <para>Linux Additions: install correctly on Ubuntu guest systems
    5397            with a /usr/lib64 directory (bug #12513)</para>
    5398       </listitem>
    5399 
    5400       <listitem>
    5401         <para>X11 Additions: fix for the VBoxClient process not exiting
    5402            correctly (bug #12348) and consuming too much processor time</para>
    5403       </listitem>
    5404 
    5405     </itemizedlist>
    5406   </sect1>
    5407 
    5408   <sect1>
    5409     <title>Version 4.3.8 (2014-02-25)</title>
    5410 
    5411     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    5412       added:</para>
    5413 
    5414     <itemizedlist>
    5415 
    5416       <listitem>
    5417         <para>VMM: more work on improving the emulation of certain MSR registers
    5418           (e.g. bugs #12224, #12544)</para>
    5419       </listitem>
    5420 
    5421       <listitem>
    5422         <para>VMM: fixed a <emphasis>VERR_INVALID_RPL</emphasis> Guru Meditation
    5423           when booting certain guests (bug #11350)</para>
    5424       </listitem>
    5425 
    5426       <listitem>
    5427         <para>VMM: experimental support for SSE 4.1 / SSE 4.2 passthrough, see
    5428           the user manual how to enable it (bug #8651)</para>
    5429       </listitem>
    5430 
    5431       <listitem>
    5432         <para>VMM: fix for recent Linux kernels with software virtualization</para>
    5433       </listitem>
    5434 
    5435       <listitem>
    5436         <para>GUI: experimental HID LEDs synchronization for Windows hosts, see
    5437           <xref linkend="hidledssync" xreflabel="here"/></para>
    5438       </listitem>
    5439 
    5440       <listitem>
    5441         <para>GUI: warn the user if the Oracle Extension Pack is not installed and
    5442           the user tries to activate the remote display feature (bug #9104)</para>
    5443       </listitem>
    5444 
    5445       <listitem>
    5446         <para>GUI: make sure that a minimized guest (using mini toolbar in
    5447           full screen / seamless mode) keeps the minimized state (bug #12199)</para>
    5448       </listitem>
    5449 
    5450       <listitem>
    5451         <para>GUI: popup banner's "do not show this message again" check-box
    5452           replaced with corresponding button</para>
    5453       </listitem>
    5454 
    5455       <listitem>
    5456         <para>GUI: network adapter cables can now be connected/disconnected directly through
    5457           the running virtual machine Devices / Network menu a Network status-bar
    5458           indicator</para>
    5459       </listitem>
    5460 
    5461       <listitem>
    5462         <para>GUI: the new VM wizard now proposes 64-bit guests on 64-bit hosts
    5463           by default; better distinction between 32-bit OS types 64-bit OS types
    5464           (bug #12533)</para>
    5465       </listitem>
    5466 
    5467       <listitem>
    5468         <para>GUI: better error message if appliance import fails
    5469           (bug #12657)</para>
    5470       </listitem>
    5471 
    5472       <listitem>
    5473         <para>GUI: allow to set host-combination to 'None' using the Global settings
    5474           / Input page (bug #12730)</para>
    5475       </listitem>
    5476 
    5477       <listitem>
    5478         <para>GUI: don't switch the guest to a black screen during online snapshot
    5479           merge (4.3 regression)</para>
    5480       </listitem>
    5481 
    5482       <listitem>
    5483         <para>VBoxManage: when exporting an appliance, support the suppression
    5484            of MAC addresses, which means they will be always recreated on
    5485            import, avoiding duplicate MAC addresses for VMs which are imported
    5486            several times</para>
    5487       </listitem>
    5488 
    5489       <listitem>
    5490         <para>AHCI: fixed a VM hang during suspend under certain circumstances</para>
    5491       </listitem>
    5492 
    5493       <listitem>
    5494         <para>AHCI: fixed a VM hang during online snapshot merge under certain
    5495           circumstances</para>
    5496       </listitem>
    5497 
    5498       <listitem>
    5499         <para>AHCI: fixed a bug which resulted in Windows XP guest hangs if a
    5500           SATA CDROM is attached (bug #12417)</para>
    5501       </listitem>
    5502 
    5503       <listitem>
    5504         <para>AHCI: fixed a Guru Meditation under certain conditions</para>
    5505       </listitem>
    5506 
    5507       <listitem>
    5508         <para>AHCI: ejecting a CD/DVD medium failed under certain conditions</para>
    5509       </listitem>
    5510 
    5511       <listitem>
    5512         <para>AHCI: disk hotplugging fixes</para>
    5513       </listitem>
    5514 
    5515       <listitem>
    5516         <para>NAT: transparent handling of host sleep/resume and network configuration
    5517           changes if the dnsproxy is enabled or if the hostresolver is used
    5518           (bug #12441)</para>
    5519       </listitem>
    5520 
    5521       <listitem>
    5522         <para>NAT: fixed crash and misbehaviour under some circumstances with
    5523           ICMP packets having TTL=1</para>
    5524       </listitem>
    5525 
    5526       <listitem>
    5527         <para>NAT Network: fixed IPv6 reassembly</para>
    5528       </listitem>
    5529 
    5530       <listitem>
    5531         <para>NAT Network: ping proxy implemented</para>
    5532       </listitem>
    5533 
    5534       <listitem>
    5535         <para>OVF: fixed reading of the OVF 0.9 section element
    5536           (4.3 regression; bug #12345)</para>
    5537       </listitem>
    5538 
    5539       <listitem>
    5540         <para>OVF: several fixes</para>
    5541       </listitem>
    5542 
    5543       <listitem>
    5544         <para>3D support: several fixes, multiscreen fixes (e.g. bug #9124)</para>
    5545       </listitem>
    5546 
    5547       <listitem>
    5548         <para>3D support: include 3D content in captured videos (bug #12666)</para>
    5549       </listitem>
    5550 
    5551       <listitem>
    5552         <para>3D support: include 3D content in captured screenshot (bug #11758)</para>
    5553       </listitem>
    5554 
    5555       <listitem>
    5556         <para>VGA: proper handling of legacy graphics modes if the Guest
    5557           Additions are active (bug #6649)</para>
    5558       </listitem>
    5559 
    5560       <listitem>
    5561         <para>USB: fixed crash during isochronous transfer under rare
    5562           circumstances</para>
    5563       </listitem>
    5564 
    5565       <listitem>
    5566         <para>BIOS: better disk geometry handling of SCSI drives</para>
    5567       </listitem>
    5568 
    5569       <listitem>
    5570         <para>API: fix crashes in Java API clients using the XPCOM binding,
    5571            happened with output parameters only (bug #11232)</para>
    5572       </listitem>
    5573 
    5574       <listitem>
    5575         <para>VBoxSVC: documented the handling of host power management events
    5576           (see <xref linkend="hostpowertweaks" xreflabel="here"/>) and
    5577           added an extradata item for configuring the handling of the battery-low
    5578           event (bug #9925)</para>
    5579       </listitem>
    5580 
    5581       <listitem>
    5582         <para>VBoxSVC: fixed a bug which could trigger a crash if a VM snapshot
    5583           was restored the second time and the VM has associated bandwidth groups
    5584           (bug #12569)</para>
    5585       </listitem>
    5586 
    5587       <listitem>
    5588         <para>VBoxSVC: properly detect ifconfig if located in <emphasis>/bin</emphasis>
    5589           (bug #12713)</para>
    5590       </listitem>
    5591 
    5592       <listitem>
    5593         <para>Shared Folders: fixed a failure to restore transient shared folders
    5594          when starting a VM from a saved state (bug #12578)</para>
    5595       </listitem>
    5596 
    5597       <listitem>
    5598         <para>Mac OS X hosts: fixed issue when the application icon was frozen in
    5599           the dock if the bridging interface was not connected to a network
    5600           (bug #12241)</para>
    5601       </listitem>
    5602 
    5603       <listitem>
    5604         <para>Linux hosts: also consider the physical package ID when determining
    5605           the number of physical CPU cores</para>
    5606       </listitem>
    5607 
    5608       <listitem>
    5609         <para>Linux hosts / guests: don't warn in kernel log if memory allocation
    5610           fails (bug #11171)</para>
    5611       </listitem>
    5612 
    5613       <listitem>
    5614         <para>Solaris hosts: fixed the autostart SMF script (bug #11720)</para>
    5615       </listitem>
    5616 
    5617       <listitem>
    5618         <para>Windows hosts: fixes for non-ANSI code page user names and similar
    5619           environment contents (bug #12596)</para>
    5620       </listitem>
    5621 
    5622       <listitem>
    5623         <para>Windows hosts / guests: fixed setting and using a guest user's process
    5624           environment variables (relevant for Guest Control)</para>
    5625       </listitem>
    5626 
    5627       <listitem>
    5628         <para>Windows Additions: fixed handle leaks in VBoxTray (bug #12563)</para>
    5629       </listitem>
    5630 
    5631       <listitem>
    5632         <para>Windows Additions: fixed a crash while detecting active guest users</para>
    5633       </listitem>
    5634 
    5635       <listitem>
    5636         <para>Windows Additions: fixed restoring backed up D3D files on
    5637           XPDM -> WDDM upgrade</para>
    5638       </listitem>
    5639 
    5640       <listitem>
    5641         <para>Guest Control: fixed setting and using a guest user's process
    5642           environment variables</para>
    5643       </listitem>
    5644 
    5645       <listitem>
    5646         <para>Linux Additions: support Enterprise Linux 6.5 kernels
    5647           (bug #12505)</para>
    5648       </listitem>
    5649 
    5650       <listitem>
    5651         <para>Linux Additions: fixed CPU hot-remove on newer Linux kernels</para>
    5652       </listitem>
    5653 
    5654       <listitem>
    5655         <para>Linux / Solaris Additions: don't automount a shared folder which is already
    5656           mounted</para>
    5657       </listitem>
    5658 
    5659       <listitem>
    5660         <para>X11 Additions: support X.Org Server 1.15 (bug #12623)</para>
    5661       </listitem>
    5662 
    5663     </itemizedlist>
    5664 
    5665   </sect1>
    5666 
    5667   <sect1>
    5668     <title>Version 4.3.6 (2013-12-18)</title>
    5669 
    5670     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    5671       added:</para>
    5672 
    5673     <itemizedlist>
    5674 
    5675       <listitem>
    5676         <para>VMM: fixed a Guru Meditation <emphasis>VINF_EM_TRIPLE_FAULT</emphasis>
    5677           caused by VMCB caching with nested paging on certain AMD CPUs (bug #12451)</para>
    5678       </listitem>
    5679 
    5680       <listitem>
    5681         <para>VMM: fixed a Guru Meditation <emphasis>VERR_VMX_UNEXPECTED_INTERRUPTION_EXIT_TYPE</emphasis>
    5682           while intercepting debug exceptions (VT-x only; bug #12410)</para>
    5683       </listitem>
    5684 
    5685       <listitem>
    5686         <para>VMM: fixed a Guru Meditation <emphasis>VERR_SVM_UNEXPECTED_EXIT</emphasis>
    5687           while intercepting debug register accesses (AMD-V only; bug #12481)</para>
    5688       </listitem>
    5689 
    5690       <listitem>
    5691         <para>VMM: fixed a <emphasis>VERR_SSM_STRUCTURE_MAGIC</emphasis> error when trying
    5692           to load a saved state made with VBox 4.3.4 when VT-x/AMD-V is disabled. Unfortunately,
    5693           VBox 4.3.4 produced broken saved states for this configuration so you have to discard
    5694           these states (bug #12414)</para>
    5695       </listitem>
    5696 
    5697       <listitem>
    5698         <para>VMM: added a few more MSRs to the whitelist required by certain guests
    5699           (bug #12245)</para>
    5700       </listitem>
    5701 
    5702       <listitem>
    5703         <para>GUI: fixed deleting of inaccessible VMs (4.3 regression; bug
    5704           #12205)</para>
    5705       </listitem>
    5706 
    5707       <listitem>
    5708         <para>GUI: fixed warnings in VM settings / number of guest processors
    5709           (bug #12480)</para>
    5710       </listitem>
    5711 
    5712       <listitem>
    5713         <para>Main: don't automatically enable 64-bit guests on 64-bit hosts if
    5714           VT-x/AMD-V is not available (bug #12424)</para>
    5715       </listitem>
    5716 
    5717       <listitem>
    5718         <para>Main: always expose the DMI memory information to Windows 2012 guests
    5719           (bug #12017)</para>
    5720       </listitem>
    5721 
    5722       <listitem>
    5723         <para>Main: fixed occasional crashes on guest display resolution change
    5724           (bug #7063)</para>
    5725       </listitem>
    5726 
    5727       <listitem>
    5728         <para>Main: fixed reporting back temporary name when calling
    5729           <emphasis>IGuestSession::DirectoryCreateTemp()</emphasis> (bug #12498)</para>
    5730       </listitem>
    5731 
    5732       <listitem>
    5733         <para>API: fix for a hang when launching a GUI VM through the API, which crashes
    5734           due to GUI unavailability</para>
    5735       </listitem>
    5736 
    5737       <listitem>
    5738         <para>Storage: fix for <emphasis>BLKCACHE_IOERR</emphasis> runtime errors under
    5739           rare circumstances (bug #11030)</para>
    5740       </listitem>
    5741 
    5742       <listitem>
    5743         <para>Network: allow to start more than 5 PCNet instances (bug #12426)</para>
    5744       </listitem>
    5745 
    5746       <listitem>
    5747         <para>E1000: if the cable was disconnected before the guest initialized
    5748           the device, the link status was not properly set to 'down' after the
    5749           initialization completed despite the fact that there was no connection</para>
    5750       </listitem>
    5751 
    5752       <listitem>
    5753         <para>3D support: fixed offset of guest 3D image elements (Mac OS X Retina
    5754           hosts only; bug #11021)</para>
    5755       </listitem>
    5756 
    5757       <listitem>
    5758         <para>Solaris hosts: fixed accessing the host driver from non-global zones
    5759           (4.3 regression; bug #12271)</para>
    5760       </listitem>
    5761 
    5762     </itemizedlist>
    5763 
    5764   </sect1>
    5765 
    5766   <sect1>
    5767     <title>Version 4.3.4 (2013-11-29)</title>
    5768 
    5769     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    5770       added:</para>
    5771 
    5772     <itemizedlist>
    5773 
    5774       <listitem>
    5775         <para>VMM: fix for a bug in the Local APIC emulation causing a BSOD when
    5776           booting certain guests (4.3.0 regression; bug #12240)</para>
    5777       </listitem>
    5778 
    5779       <listitem>
    5780         <para>VMM: fixed loading of saved states if VT-x/AMD-V was disabled
    5781           (4.3.2 regression; bug #12291)</para>
    5782       </listitem>
    5783 
    5784       <listitem>
    5785         <para>VMM: fixed single-stepping inside the guest for certain
    5786           instructions (VT-x only; bug #10947)</para>
    5787       </listitem>
    5788 
    5789       <listitem>
    5790         <para>VMM: fixed a performance issue involving APIC accesses after rebooting
    5791           a VM (4.3.0 regression; VT-x only; bug #12296)</para>
    5792       </listitem>
    5793 
    5794       <listitem>
    5795         <para>VMM: fixed TPR patching to be enabled for 32-bit guests even when
    5796           the chosen guest type is 64-bit (4.3.0 regression; AMD-V only)</para>
    5797       </listitem>
    5798 
    5799       <listitem>
    5800         <para>VMM: fixed occasional <emphasis>VINF_EM_TRIPLE_FAULT</emphasis> errors on
    5801           hosts without the unrestricted guest execution feature (bug #12198)</para>
    5802       </listitem>
    5803 
    5804       <listitem>
    5805         <para>GUI: don't bother the user with the BPP warning if no
    5806           Guest Additions are installed</para>
    5807       </listitem>
    5808 
    5809       <listitem>
    5810         <para>GUI: fixed machine-window paint artifacts on VM reboot / guest-screen
    5811           resize</para>
    5812       </listitem>
    5813 
    5814       <listitem>
    5815         <para>GUI: make sure the assigned license and description are attached to
    5816           the exported appliance</para>
    5817       </listitem>
    5818 
    5819       <listitem>
    5820         <para>GUI: fixed bugs in close VM action restrictions handling (bug #12333)</para>
    5821       </listitem>
    5822 
    5823       <listitem>
    5824         <para>GUI: fixed incorrect wizards text colors for some unusual
    5825           look and feel styles (bug #11743)</para>
    5826       </listitem>
    5827 
    5828       <listitem>
    5829         <para>GUI: should restore seamless mode as soon as possible after
    5830           VM reboot or shutdown</para>
    5831       </listitem>
    5832 
    5833       <listitem>
    5834         <para>GUI: fixes for medium enumeration</para>
    5835       </listitem>
    5836 
    5837       <listitem>
    5838         <para>GUI: the OS X hot corners were not accessible while a VirtualBox VM
    5839           is running (Mac OS X hosts only; bug #4139)</para>
    5840       </listitem>
    5841 
    5842       <listitem>
    5843         <para>GUI: fixed an old bug which bared the host from cleanly shutdown / reboot
    5844           if the VM selector window is open (Mac OS X hosts only; bug #8254)</para>
    5845       </listitem>
    5846 
    5847       <listitem>
    5848         <para>Host-only Network: fixed creating of host-only network interfaces
    5849           (4.3.0 regression; bug #12182)</para>
    5850       </listitem>
    5851 
    5852       <listitem>
    5853         <para>NAT: don't run into an infinite loop in case the host cannot
    5854           access any DNS server (4.3.0 regression; bug #12300)</para>
    5855       </listitem>
    5856 
    5857       <listitem>
    5858         <para>NAT: don't re-connect the cable if the DNS information changes
    5859           and the cable was disconnected before (4.3.0 regression; bug #12225)</para>
    5860       </listitem>
    5861 
    5862       <listitem>
    5863         <para>NAT: fixed several issues with automatically starting /
    5864           terminating of NAT networks on VM start / stop and configuration
    5865           changes</para>
    5866       </listitem>
    5867 
    5868       <listitem>
    5869         <para>VBoxNetDHCP: don't block prevent VBoxSVC from terminating
    5870           (bug #12264)</para>
    5871       </listitem>
    5872 
    5873       <listitem>
    5874         <para>2D Video acceleration: fix crashes on presentation mode switches
    5875           (bug #9194)</para>
    5876       </listitem>
    5877 
    5878       <listitem>
    5879         <para>BusLogic: allow to run VMs with more than one BusLogic SCSI
    5880           controller enabled</para>
    5881       </listitem>
    5882 
    5883       <listitem>
    5884         <para>Keyboard: fixed a VM crash if a VM was resumed from a saved state
    5885           where at least one key was pressed (bug #11289)</para>
    5886       </listitem>
    5887 
    5888       <listitem>
    5889         <para>VBoxSVC: fixed a heap corruption under certain conditions (4.3.0
    5890           regression)</para>
    5891       </listitem>
    5892 
    5893       <listitem>
    5894         <para>VBoxSVC: fixed a race leading to a hang during initialization
    5895           (bug #12349)</para>
    5896       </listitem>
    5897 
    5898       <listitem>
    5899         <para>OVF: fixed import logic for OVF appliances containing multiple
    5900           VMs</para>
    5901       </listitem>
    5902 
    5903       <listitem>
    5904         <para>OVF: improved logic for finding an appropriate image format
    5905           during OVF import</para>
    5906       </listitem>
    5907 
    5908       <listitem>
    5909         <para>API: block the removal of the current snapshot if it has child
    5910           snapshots (only relevant for VMs without snapshottable hard disks,
    5911           their presence always prevented removal), which resulted in VM
    5912           config corruption</para>
    5913       </listitem>
    5914 
    5915       <listitem>
    5916         <para>API: mark VM configs with snapshots but without current snapshot
    5917           as inaccessible, as this combination is nonsense</para>
    5918       </listitem>
    5919 
    5920       <listitem>
    5921         <para>API: fixed information for some automatically generated events
    5922           (only with XPCOM, Windows host was not affected), which caused
    5923           errors when getting some of the attributes over the webservice
    5924           (bug #12379)</para>
    5925       </listitem>
    5926 
    5927       <listitem>
    5928         <para>SDK: extended the functionality coverage for the C bindings</para>
    5929       </listitem>
    5930 
    5931       <listitem>
    5932         <para>Guest Control: various bugfixes and improved VBoxManage help
    5933           (bugs #8072, #11044, #12336, #12338, #12346, #12371)</para>
    5934       </listitem>
    5935 
    5936       <listitem>
    5937         <para>Windows hosts: another attempt to fix the massive DPC latency
    5938           (bug #6242)</para>
    5939       </listitem>
    5940 
    5941       <listitem>
    5942         <para>Windows host installer: make registering file extensions optional,
    5943           contributed by Tal Aloni (bug #8009)</para>
    5944       </listitem>
    5945 
    5946       <listitem>
    5947         <para>Mac OS X hosts: properly sign the kernel extensions for Mavericks
    5948           hosts (bug #12256)</para>
    5949       </listitem>
    5950 
    5951       <listitem>
    5952         <para>Mac OS X hosts: fixed a bug where the VirtualBox dock icon was
    5953           not properly removed from the dock after a VM terminated preventing
    5954           Mavericks hosts from shutting down (bug #12241)</para>
    5955       </listitem>
    5956 
    5957       <listitem>
    5958         <para>Mac OS X hosts: fixed minor installer issue (bug #12275)</para>
    5959       </listitem>
    5960 
    5961       <listitem>
    5962         <para>Linux hosts / guests: Linux 3.13 compile fixes (bug #12358)</para>
    5963       </listitem>
    5964 
    5965       <listitem>
    5966         <para>Linux guests: build the vboxvideo kernel module correctly on
    5967            OL/RHEL 6.1 guests (bug #11996)</para>
    5968       </listitem>
    5969 
    5970       <listitem>
    5971         <para>Linux guests: make 3D work on Slackware 14.1
    5972            (bug #12320 comments 3 and 4)</para>
    5973       </listitem>
    5974 
    5975       <listitem>
    5976         <para>Guest Additions/3D: fixed an occasional dead-lock (bug #12319)</para>
    5977       </listitem>
    5978 
    5979       <listitem>
    5980         <para>Windows Additions/3D: fixed possible memory leaking (bug #12228)</para>
    5981       </listitem>
    5982 
    5983       <listitem>
    5984         <para>Windows Additions/XPDM: use separate tables containing valid video
    5985           modes for each virtual monitor</para>
    5986       </listitem>
    5987 
    5988       <listitem>
    5989         <para>Windows Additions: fixed automatic logins for Vista and newer Windows
    5990           guests (bug #12332)</para>
    5991       </listitem>
    5992 
    5993     </itemizedlist>
    5994   </sect1>
    5995 
    5996   <sect1>
    5997     <title>Version 4.3.2 (2013-11-01)</title>
    5998 
    5999     <para>This is a maintenance release. The following items were fixed and/or
    6000       added:</para>
    6001 
    6002     <itemizedlist>
    6003 
    6004       <listitem>
    6005         <para>VMM: fixed restoring of the auxiliary TSC MSR in VT-x that caused host
    6006           BSODs on Windows 8.1 hosts and unpredictable behavior on other hosts
    6007           (bug #12237)</para>
    6008       </listitem>
    6009 
    6010       <listitem>
    6011         <para>VMM: provide fake values for a couple of MSRs to make more guests happy on
    6012           certain hosts</para>
    6013       </listitem>
    6014 
    6015       <listitem>
    6016         <para>VMM: fixed detection of VT-x on certain machines where the BIOS would
    6017           not set the VMX LOCK feature bit, which affected the VM settings in the GUI</para>
    6018       </listitem>
    6019 
    6020       <listitem>
    6021         <para>VMM: fixed TPR threshold which caused BSODs on Windows XP guests
    6022            that use the I/O APIC (VT-x only; bug #12227)</para>
    6023       </listitem>
    6024 
    6025       <listitem>
    6026         <para>VMM: fixed PATM saved state incompatibility for software virtualized
    6027           VMs (bug #12222)</para>
    6028       </listitem>
    6029 
    6030       <listitem>
    6031         <para>VMM: don't fail if AMD-V isn't available if the VM is configured
    6032           to use software virtualization</para>
    6033       </listitem>
    6034 
    6035       <listitem>
    6036         <para>GUI: fixed guest resize breakage on visual representation mode change
    6037           (when switching from normal to full screen etc)</para>
    6038       </listitem>
    6039 
    6040       <listitem>
    6041         <para>GUI: make sure the guest screen is resized after restoring a VM from a
    6042           saved state if the host screen size changed</para>
    6043       </listitem>
    6044 
    6045       <listitem>
    6046         <para>GUI: disabled SCROLL LED sync from HID LEDs synchronization
    6047           (Mac OS X hosts only)</para>
    6048       </listitem>
    6049 
    6050       <listitem>
    6051         <para>Webcam passthrough improvements including GUI support (see
    6052           <xref linkend="webcam-passthrough" />)</para>
    6053       </listitem>
    6054 
    6055       <listitem>
    6056         <para>Guest Control: implemented more <computeroutput>IGuestSession</computeroutput>
    6057           methods</para>
    6058       </listitem>
    6059 
    6060       <listitem>
    6061         <para>Guest Control: added support for deleting and renaming guest files + directories in
    6062           VBoxManage</para>
    6063       </listitem>
    6064 
    6065       <listitem>
    6066         <para>Guest Control: various bugfixes</para>
    6067       </listitem>
    6068 
    6069       <listitem>
    6070         <para>API: incorrect handling of hardware UUID default value, resulting
    6071           in an all zero DMI/SMBIOS UUID, which leads to Windows requesting
    6072           re-activation (4.3 regression; bug #12244)</para>
    6073       </listitem>
    6074 
    6075       <listitem>
    6076         <para>3D support: fixed crash on shutdown if 2D video acceleration is enabled
    6077           (Mac OS X hosts only)</para>
    6078       </listitem>
    6079 
    6080       <listitem>
    6081         <para>3D support: miscellaneous fixes</para>
    6082       </listitem>
    6083 
    6084       <listitem>
    6085         <para>Storage: fixed detection of CD/DVD media when switching from an empty
    6086           to a host drive with passthrough enabled</para>
    6087       </listitem>
    6088 
    6089       <listitem>
    6090         <para>Storage: fixed hang of the VM process when the disk is full under certain
    6091           circumstances</para>
    6092       </listitem>
    6093 
    6094       <listitem>
    6095         <para>NAT: listen for changes of NAT Network setting at runtime</para>
    6096       </listitem>
    6097 
    6098       <listitem>
    6099         <para>NAT: NAT Network DHCP server now saves leases to a persistent
    6100           storage</para>
    6101       </listitem>
    6102 
    6103       <listitem>
    6104         <para>Main: monitor changes in host DNS configuration</para>
    6105       </listitem>
    6106 
    6107       <listitem>
    6108         <para>Mac OS X host: reworked a mechanism of adding a VM desktop alias
    6109           from the VM selector</para>
    6110       </listitem>
    6111 
    6112       <listitem>
    6113         <para>Mac OS X installer: remove old kernel extensions during upgrade
    6114           (bug #12258)</para>
    6115       </listitem>
    6116 
    6117       <listitem>
    6118         <para>Linux Additions: correctly set umask before installing
    6119           (bug #12166)</para>
    6120       </listitem>
    6121 
    6122       <listitem>
    6123         <para>X11 Additions/3D: fix freezes starting 3D desktop (bug #11503,
    6124            thank you Sam Spilsbury)</para>
    6125       </listitem>
    6126 
    6127       <listitem>
    6128         <para>X11 Additions/3D: fix depth buffer support (bug #11905)</para>
    6129       </listitem>
    6130 
    6131       <listitem>
    6132         <para>X11 Additions/3D: fix Age Of Empires 3 rendering (bug #11331)</para>
    6133       </listitem>
    6134 
    6135       <listitem>
    6136         <para>Windows Additions/3D: fix Google Earth plugin rendering</para>
    6137       </listitem>
    6138 
    6139       <listitem>
    6140         <para>Windows Additions/WDDM: autoresize fixes</para>
    6141       </listitem>
    6142 
    6143     </itemizedlist>
    6144   </sect1>
    6145 
    6146   <sect1>
    6147     <title>Version 4.3.0 (2013-10-15)</title>
    6148 
    6149     <para>This is a major update. The following major new features
    6150       were added:</para>
    6151 
    6152     <itemizedlist>
    6153 
    6154       <listitem>
    6155         <para>VMM: major rewrite of the VT-x code and the AMD-V code including
    6156           many bug fixes and performance improvements (for example bug #9659)</para>
    6157       </listitem>
    6158 
    6159       <listitem>
    6160         <para>VMM: introduced a lightweight instruction interpreter for
    6161           situations not handled by hardware virtualization</para>
    6162       </listitem>
    6163 
    6164       <listitem>
    6165         <para>GUI: extended messaging mechanism (new non-modal popup overlays
    6166           used to show non-critical warnings and provide user with additional information)</para>
    6167       </listitem>
    6168 
    6169       <listitem>
    6170         <para>GUI: keyboard shortcuts management (input page of global preferences
    6171           extended with possibility to edit general keyboard shortcuts for
    6172           VirtualBox Manager and Virtual Machine)</para>
    6173       </listitem>
    6174 
    6175       <listitem>
    6176         <para>GUI: video capturing support (bug #4766)</para>
    6177       </listitem>
    6178 
    6179       <listitem>
    6180         <para>Added USB touch device emulation</para>
    6181       </listitem>
    6182 
    6183       <listitem>
    6184         <para>Added experimental support for webcam passthrough
    6185           complementing USB passthrough (see <xref linkend="webcam-passthrough" />)</para>
    6186       </listitem>
    6187 
    6188       <listitem>
    6189         <para>Added SCSI CD-ROM emulation, including boot support</para>
    6190       </listitem>
    6191 
    6192       <listitem>
    6193         <para>VRDP: support for IPv6</para>
    6194       </listitem>
    6195 
    6196       <listitem>
    6197         <para>Guest Control: guest sessions now are running in dedicated, impersonated
    6198           session processes (needs at least Guest Additions 4.3 installed)</para>
    6199       </listitem>
    6200 
    6201       <listitem>
    6202         <para>Guest Control: implemented <computeroutput>IGuestFile</computeroutput>
    6203           support</para>
    6204       </listitem>
    6205 
    6206       <listitem>
    6207         <para>NAT: experimental virtual router mode: several VMs are
    6208           attached to the same internal network and share one NAT
    6209           service (see <xref linkend="network_nat_service" />)
    6210         </para>
    6211       </listitem>
    6212 
    6213     </itemizedlist>
    6214 
    6215     <para>In addition, the following items were fixed and/or added:</para>
    6216 
    6217     <itemizedlist>
    6218 
    6219       <listitem>
    6220         <para>VMM: significantly improved performance of NetWare 5.x/6.x
    6221           guests on host systems without nested paging support</para>
    6222       </listitem>
    6223 
    6224       <listitem>
    6225         <para>VMM: fixed losing host NMIs while in VT-x guest-context</para>
    6226       </listitem>
    6227 
    6228       <listitem>
    6229         <para>VMM: changed order of actions in emulated task switch
    6230           (bug #10532)</para>
    6231       </listitem>
    6232 
    6233       <listitem>
    6234         <para>VMM: allow to activate VT-x while in SMX mode and provide more
    6235           information if that is not possible</para>
    6236       </listitem>
    6237 
    6238       <listitem>
    6239         <para>GUI: update check uses https</para>
    6240       </listitem>
    6241 
    6242       <listitem>
    6243         <para>GUI: numerous minor internal cleanups and bug fixes</para>
    6244       </listitem>
    6245 
    6246       <listitem>
    6247         <para>GUI: HID LEDs synchronization when switching between guest window(s)
    6248           and host (Mac OS X hosts only)</para>
    6249       </listitem>
    6250 
    6251       <listitem>
    6252         <para>GUI, VBoxManage: when unregistering a VM, also unregister the
    6253           hard disk images which are used exclusively (bug #10311)</para>
    6254       </listitem>
    6255 
    6256       <listitem>
    6257         <para>GUI: use the number of physical presented processor cores instead of
    6258           the number of logical processor cores to check if the users assigned
    6259           too many virtual CPUs to the guest</para>
    6260       </listitem>
    6261 
    6262       <listitem>
    6263         <para>Snapshots: made live snapshots work again (bug #9255)</para>
    6264       </listitem>
    6265 
    6266       <listitem>
    6267         <para>Teleportation: made it work again (bug #9455)</para>
    6268       </listitem>
    6269 
    6270       <listitem>
    6271         <para>Storage: implemented AHA-154x compatibility mode in the
    6272           emulated BusLogic SCSI HBA</para>
    6273       </listitem>
    6274 
    6275       <listitem>
    6276         <para>Storage: significantly improved performance of large ATAPI PIO
    6277           transfers (BeOS, Minix 3 guests affected)</para>
    6278       </listitem>
    6279 
    6280       <listitem>
    6281         <para>Storage: added floppy formatting emulation (NB: cannot be used
    6282           to change existing media geometry)
    6283         </para>
    6284       </listitem>
    6285 
    6286       <listitem>
    6287         <para>Settings: global and per-VM default frontend configuration,
    6288           useful to select the use of alternative VM frontends</para>
    6289       </listitem>
    6290 
    6291       <listitem>
    6292         <para>Settings: limit depth of snapshot tree to 250 levels, as more
    6293           will lead to decreased performance and may trigger crashes</para>
    6294       </listitem>
    6295 
    6296       <listitem>
    6297         <para>Settings: the per-VM hwvirtextexcl setting has been replaced
    6298           by a global hwvirtexclusive property</para>
    6299       </listitem>
    6300 
    6301       <listitem>
    6302         <para>Main: new event queue implementation which does not use the host's
    6303           native event queue for processing VirtualBox events anymore</para>
    6304       </listitem>
    6305 
    6306       <listitem>
    6307         <para>Main: eliminate the use of SysV semaphores on all host OSes
    6308            other than Windows, namely Linux, Solaris and Mac OS X, with the
    6309            consequence that no system reconfiguration is needed to run more
    6310            than approximately 100 VMs</para>
    6311       </listitem>
    6312 
    6313       <listitem>
    6314         <para>Main: use the XDG standard configuration folder instead of
    6315            .VirtualBox on systems where it is appropriate (bug #5099)</para>
    6316       </listitem>
    6317 
    6318       <listitem>
    6319         <para>Main: extension pack framework can now support loading HGCM
    6320           modules, contributed by Jeff Westphal</para>
    6321       </listitem>
    6322 
    6323       <listitem>
    6324         <para>VBoxManage: list more information about hard disk/DVD/floppy
    6325           media, and support the <computeroutput>--long</computeroutput>
    6326           option to show really all available details</para>
    6327       </listitem>
    6328 
    6329       <listitem>
    6330         <para>VBoxManage: added support for optional command line parameters for
    6331           the automatic Guest Additions update</para>
    6332       </listitem>
    6333 
    6334       <listitem>
    6335         <para>VBoxManage: added support for listing active guest sessions, guest
    6336           processes and/or guest files via
    6337           <computeroutput>guestcontrol list &lt;all|sessions|processes|files&gt;</computeroutput>
    6338         </para>
    6339       </listitem>
    6340 
    6341       <listitem>
    6342         <para>VBoxManage: added support for closing active guest sessions via
    6343           <computeroutput>guestcontrol session close --session-id &lt;ID&gt;|
    6344             --session-name &lt;name or pattern&gt;|--all</computeroutput>
    6345         </para>
    6346       </listitem>
    6347 
    6348       <listitem>
    6349         <para>VBoxManage: added support for terminating active guest processes via
    6350           <computeroutput>guestcontrol process kill|close|terminate --session-id &lt;ID&gt;|
    6351             --session-name &lt;name or pattern&gt; &lt;PID&gt; ... &lt;PID n&gt;</computeroutput>
    6352           or
    6353           <computeroutput>guestcontrol [p[s]]kill --session-id &lt;ID&gt;|
    6354             --session-name &lt;name or pattern&gt; &lt;PID&gt; ... &lt;PID n&gt;</computeroutput>
    6355         </para>
    6356       </listitem>
    6357 
    6358       <listitem>
    6359         <para>VBoxManage: added support for watching guest sessions via
    6360           <computeroutput>guestcontrol watch</computeroutput>
    6361         </para>
    6362       </listitem>
    6363 
    6364       <listitem>
    6365         <para>VBoxManage: added <computeroutput>modifyvm --triplefaultreset</computeroutput>
    6366           to make the VM reset on triple fault instead of triggering a Guru Meditation
    6367           (see <xref linkend="vboxmanage-modifyvm"/>)</para>
    6368       </listitem>
    6369 
    6370       <listitem>
    6371         <para>3D support: several fixes</para>
    6372       </listitem>
    6373 
    6374       <listitem>
    6375         <para>3D support: several fixes for Mac OS X hosts</para>
    6376       </listitem>
    6377 
    6378       <listitem>
    6379         <para>OVF: several fixes</para>
    6380       </listitem>
    6381 
    6382       <listitem>
    6383         <para>Extpack Installer: make it work if the file is located in a folder with
    6384           special characters</para>
    6385       </listitem>
    6386 
    6387       <listitem>
    6388         <para>Keyboard: fix for reporting key sequences like Ctrl+Alt+Del
    6389           for the USB keyboard emulation</para>
    6390       </listitem>
    6391 
    6392       <listitem>
    6393         <para>Shared Clipboard/X11: support for BMP-format images, contributed
    6394           by François Revol</para>
    6395       </listitem>
    6396 
    6397       <listitem>
    6398         <para>Mac OS X hosts: limited support for Mac OS X 10.9 (Mavericks)</para>
    6399       </listitem>
    6400 
    6401       <listitem>
    6402         <para>Mac OS X hosts: use a launchd script instead of the deprecated
    6403           StartupItem mechanism (bug #8940)</para>
    6404       </listitem>
    6405 
    6406       <listitem>
    6407         <para>Windows hosts: don't cause massive DPC latency (only on certain
    6408           hosts; still needs improving; bug #6242)</para>
    6409       </listitem>
    6410 
    6411       <listitem>
    6412         <para>Windows hosts: consider symlinks when retrieving volume information
    6413           (bug #11962)</para>
    6414       </listitem>
    6415 
    6416       <listitem>
    6417         <para>Windows hosts: fixed an issue with USB2 devices being inaccessible
    6418           when plugged into USB 3.0 ports</para>
    6419       </listitem>
    6420 
    6421       <listitem>
    6422         <para>Windows Additions: fixed misbehavior with guest display
    6423           power management (WDDM driver only; bug #11170)</para>
    6424       </listitem>
    6425 
    6426       <listitem>
    6427         <para>Windows Additions: fixed memory leak caused by WTSQuerySessionInformation()
    6428           on Windows 2000 guests (bug #12072)</para>
    6429       </listitem>
    6430 
    6431       <listitem>
    6432         <para>Windows Additions: ability to track guest user idle times through
    6433           the newly introduced event <emphasis>IGuestUserStateChangedEvent</emphasis></para>
    6434       </listitem>
    6435 
    6436       <listitem>
    6437         <para>Linux Additions: fixed udev detection in the init script
    6438           with Linux 3.x kernels</para>
    6439       </listitem>
    6440 
    6441     </itemizedlist>
    6442 
     262     
     263    </itemizedlist>
    6443264  </sect1>
    6444265
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